MF研究者総覧

Researcher Database

Advance
Takumi Kondo
Research Faculty of Agriculture　Fundamental AgriScience Research　Agricultural Economics
Professor
Researchers' Page on researchmap
Last Updated :2024/05/09

Researcher Profile and Settings

Affiliation

  • Research Faculty of Agriculture　Fundamental AgriScience Research　Agricultural Economics

Job Title

  • Professor

J-Global ID

Research Interests

  • 農業経済学   Econometrics   Agricultural Technology Transfer   Agricultural Development Economics   Agricultural Economics   

Research Areas

  • Environmental science/Agricultural science / Agricultural sociology
  • Humanities & social sciences / Agricultural and food economics

Educational Organization

Association Memberships

  • 国際農業経済学会   米国農業経済学会   北海道農業経済学会   農村計画学会   日本農業経済学会   日本農業経営学会   International Association of Agricultural Economists   American Agricultural Economics Association   

Research Activities

Published Papers

  • 日本の農林水産物・食品輸出の経済波及効果 : 産業連関表を用いた分析
    佐藤悠也, 近藤巧
    北海道大学農經論叢 75 47 - 55 2022 [Not refereed]
  • ネパールにおける灌漑と農業生産の多様性
    北村実央, 中村亮太, 近藤巧
    開発学研究 33 (1) 48 - 52 2022 [Refereed]
  • Assessing the Effects of Access to Safe Drinking Water on Children's Nutritional Status in Indonesia
    Nakamura, Ryota, Kondo, Takumi
    Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 18 (2) 55 - 71 2021 [Refereed]
  • 穀物の輸入価格の変化が加工食品の価格に及ぼす影響—非対称的ARDLモデルを用いた韓国のケーススタディ—
    承俊鎬, 金宗鎭, 近藤巧
    農業経営研究 58 (4) 63 - 68 2021 [Refereed]
  • ネパールにおける出稼ぎと経済発展 —応用一般均衡モデルによるシミュレーション分析—
    中村亮太, 近藤巧
    開発学研究 32 (1) 56 - 61 2021 [Refereed]
  • Mohammad Rondhi, Ahmad Fatikhul Khasan, Yasuhiro Mori, Takumi Kondo
    Irrigation and Drainage 69 (4) 572 - 583 1531-0353 2020/10 [Refereed]
  • Ahmad Fatikhul Khasan, Mohammad Rondhi, Yasuhiro Mori, Takumi Kondo
    Data in Brief 32 1 - 9 2352-3409 2020/10 [Refereed]
  • 穀物の国際価格上昇が北海道・都府県の畜産業に及ぼす影響
    福田洋介, 近藤巧
    農業経済研究 92 (1) 70 - 75 2020 [Refereed]
  • Technical Efficiency of Paddy’s Farming in Various Types of Paddy’s Seeds in Indonesia
    Venessa Vasthi Winata, Mohammad Rondhi, Yasuhiro Mori, Takumi Kondo
    Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 13 (2) 286 - 295 2020 [Refereed]
  • Does the non-farm sector affect production efficiency of the Vietnamese agricultural sector? A stochastic frontier production approach
    Nguyen, Hang Thi Thuy, KONDO Takumi
    Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics 121 (2) 289 - 301 2020 [Refereed]
  • NAKAMURA Ryota, KONDO Takumi
    Journal of Rural Economics 日本農業経済学会 91 (2) 311 - 316 0387-3234 2019/09/25 
    This paper analyzes an impact of specialization in farming and non-farm employment on farm household food consumption in Vietnam by using data from Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey 2012. To mitigate self-selection bias due to unobserved factors affecting both non-farm employment decision and food consumption such as farmers' ability, we employ endogenous switching regression. We find that the effect of specialization in farm activity and participation in non-farm activity differ from region to region. The results suggest that not only enrolling in a non-farm sector but also specializing in farming increase Vietnamese farmers' welfare in some regions.
  • Linkage between Farm and Non-farm Sectors: Evidence from Vietnam
    NGUYEN Thi Thuy Hang, Takumi KONDO, Masako MORIOKA
    フロンティア農業経済研究 22 (1) 62 - 73 2019/08 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Mohammad Rondhi, Ahmad Fatikhul Khasan, Yasuhiro Mori, Takumi Kondo
    Land 8 (5) 1 - 21 2019/05/10 [Refereed]
     
    Climate change (CC) is one of the primary threats to the agricultural sector in developing countries. Several empirical studies have shown that the implementation of adaptation practices can reduce the adverse effects of CC. The likelihood of farmers performing adaptation practices is mostly influenced by the degree of CC impact that they perceive. Thus, we identified the characteristics of farmers that affect the degree of the CC impact that they perceive. We used data from the Indonesian Rice Farm Household survey consisting of 87,330 farmers. An ordered probit regression model was used to estimate the effect of each variable on the degree of the perceived impact of CC. The results of this study confirm those of previous empirical studies. Several variables that have been identified as having a positive effect on farmer adaptation practices, such as farmer education, land tenure, irrigation infrastructure, cropping system, chemical fertilizer application, access to extension services, and participation in farmer groups, negatively affect the degree of the perceived impact of CC. However, a different result was found in the estimation of the gender variable. We found that female farmers have a higher CC resilience and ability to withstand climatic shocks and risks than male farmers. Female farmers have a more positive perception of future farming conditions than male farmers. We recommend the implementation of a national adaptation policy that use and expand the channel of agricultural extension services to deliver the planned adaptation policy, and prioritizes farmers with insecure land tenure. Additionally, we encourage the increasing of female involvement in the CC adaptation practices and decision-making processes.
  • 穀物の国際価格上昇が北海道・都府県農業に及ぼす影響
    福田洋介, 近藤巧
    農業経済研究 91 (2) 311 - 316 2019 [Refereed]
  • 森岡 昌子, 近藤 巧
    農業経営研究 = Japanese journal of farm management 日本農業経営学会 ; [1963]- 56 (3) 74 - 79 0388-8541 2018/10 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • 乾期における園芸作物栽培の灌漑水の経済的価値—中部ジャワ州における水利組合の事例—
    毛利泰大, Rondhi Mohammad, 近藤巧
    農業経営研究 55 (4) 39 - 44 2018 [Refereed]
  • 畑作排水事業の効果に関する分析—北海道十勝地域を対象として—
    田村源治, 近藤巧
    フロンティア農業経済研究 21 (1) 84 - 96 2018 [Refereed]
  • Morioka Masako, Kondo Takumi
    REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS 21 (4) E220 - E240 1363-6669 2017/11 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • 森岡 昌子, 近藤 巧
    農業経営研究 = Japanese journal of farm management 日本農業経営学会 ; [1963]- 55 (2) 87 - 92 0388-8541 2017/07 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • 私的インセンティブによる灌漑水の供給
    毛利泰大, Rondhi Mohammad, 近藤巧
    農業経営研究 55 (4) 96 - 101 2017 [Refereed]
  • Freddy, Shunsuke Yanagimura, Takumi Kondo, Yasuhiro Mori
    Japanese Journal of Farm Management 日本農業経営学会 ; [1963]- 55 (3) 95 - 100 0388-8541 2017 [Refereed]
  • 森岡 昌子, 奥村 春香, 近藤 巧
    農業経営研究 = Japanese journal of farm management 日本農業経営学会 ; [1963]- 54 (3) 103 - 108 0388-8541 2016/10 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • FUKUDA Yousuke, KONDO Takumi
    JRE The Agricultural Economics Society of Japan 84 (1) 1 - 14 0387-3234 2012/06/25 
    International prices of cereals increased rapidly from 2006 through to the summer of 2008. Prices plummeted after summer 2008, but remain high relative to the level of 1997. The partial equilibrium model states that price increases spur an increase in crop production. This paper examines the influence of the increase in international cereal prices on Japanese agriculture, based on a single country computable general equilibrium model. The main results are as follows. First, an increase in international cereal prices increases agricultural output and farm labor input. It promotes production of wheat, soybean and feed crops with low self-sufficiency rates, and reduces production of other agricultural enterprises. Agricultural output prices and quantities are raised for all products. Farm labor in the livestock sector is decreased due to the great reduction in livestock production caused by the increase in feed prices, but farm labor is increased in the agricultural sectors as a whole, despite the decrease in labor input in livestock production. Second, the welfare level of consumers deteriorates. Consumption of food and nonalcoholic drinks declines and the level of GDP decreases a little. Third, productivity growth in agriculture mitigates the damage caused by price increases on lowered welfare levels for consumers and the fall in GDP.
  • 全要素生産性からみた北海道の食品製造業の特徴と課題
    日本農業経済学会論文集 119  2011 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 所得指標を除いた福祉の計測
    開発学研究 第22巻第2号 44 - 50 2011 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • Rice-prawn Farming system: Impacts on Soil Quality and Land Productivity of Modern Variety Paddy Production in Bangladesh
    Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 49  2011 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 田村 源治, 近藤 巧
    The review of agricultural economics, Hokkaido University 北海道大学農学部農業経済学教室 第65集 11 - 24 0385-5961 2010 [Not refereed][Not invited]
     
    1951年から2009年までに北海道に投資された農業農村整備事業費は、名目で総額9兆円に達する。北海道農業は、水田地帯、畑作地帯、酪農地帯とそれぞれ地域的に異なる発展を遂げてきた。そのどれもが興味ある課題を抱えているが、本稿では稲作に限定し、水田の土地資本額と稲作単収との関係を明らかにする。すなわち、本論文では、北海道の水田への土地改良投資の到達点を明らかにするために水田の土地資本額を推計することを第1の目的とする。第2に水田の土地資本額と稲作の単収との関係に限定、水田の圃場整備の投資効果を明らかにする。
  • 北海道における食料品製造業の付加価値率変動に関する要因分析
    日本農業経済学会論文集 161 - 167 2010 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 米過剰下における稲品種改良の経済分析－農業技術移転論の視点から－
    日本農業経済学会論文集 6 - 13 2010 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • Yoko Saito, Hisamitsu Saito, Takumi Kondo, Fumio Osanami
    RESEARCH POLICY 38 (8) 1365 - 1375 0048-7333 2009/10 [Not refereed][Not invited]
     
    The article presents a productivity analysis of Japanese wheat breeding research. We first estimate a hedonic function to determine the marginal implicit values of Japanese wheat characteristics and find that protein contributes substantially to millers' price offers to farmers. Induced innovation theory implies breeders thus should be responding to new protein-oriented price policies by developing high-protein wheat varieties. We test this hypothesis by estimating a distance function relating breeding resources - including what we call gene-recharge rates - to the yield and protein characteristics of discovered varieties. New varieties indeed have been protein-favoring and yield-disfavoring, suggesting government research programs have been market-oriented. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  • 窒素肥料の投入量と生物化学的技術進歩
    日本農業経済学会論文集 139  2009 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 近藤 巧, 高山 太輔
    Journal of rural planning 農村計画学会 27 251 - 256 0912-9731 2009 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • BARMON Basanta Kumar, KONDO Takumi, YAMAGUCHI Junichi, OSANAMI Fumio
    日本農業経済学会論文集 日本農業経済学会 2008 502 - 508 1342-4408 2008 [Not refereed][Not invited]

Books etc

  • Designing Our Future: Local Perspective on Bioproduction, Ecosystems and Humanity
    United Nations University Press 2011
  • Farmer Managed Irrigation Systems and Governance Alternatives
    Farmer Managed Irrigation Systems Promotion Trust 2005
  • New Challenges Facing Asian Agriculture under Globalization
    University Putra Malaysia Press 2005
  • Sustainable Agriculture, Poverty and Food Security Volume 1
    Rawat Publication 2002
  • 基本法農政下の日本稲作
    北海道大学図書刊行会 1998
  • 農協経営の計量分析
    農林統計協会 1997
  • 農業と農政の経済分析
    大明堂 1996
  • 農業と農政の経済分析
    大明堂 1996
  • 北上川水系農業水利誌
    農水省東北農政局 1995

MISC

  • An Economic Analysis of Rice Breeding under the Rice Excess
    6  -13  2010  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • Barmon Basanta Kumar, Kondo Takumi, Osanami Fumio  The review of agricultural economics, Hokkaido University  63-  1  -18  2008  
    The present study attempts to examine the main inputs used in terms of volume and costs, such as irrigation, chemical fertilizers, pesticides and land plowing, for MV paddy production in rice-prawn and year-round MV paddy farming systems in Bangladesh. The study also aims to estimate the farmers'household income per capita and compare it with the average household income per capita among the people of Bangladesh. Ninety rice-prawn gher farmers from the village of Bilpabla in the Khulna district, and 100 year-round MV paddy farmers from the village of Chanchra in the Jessore district were randomly selected. The findings indicate that relatively less chemical fertilizers are used per unit in MV paddy production compared with the year-round MV paddy production. Similarly, the per unit irrigation costs and land plowing costs were also lower in MV paddy production under the rice-prawn gher farming system compared with the year-round MV paddy farming in Bangladesh. Even though the per unit yields of MV paddy under the gher farming system was higher in comparison with the year-round MV paddy farming. The gher farming system has also created a demand for more labor, both for temporarily hired workers and family members. Farmers in the rice-prawn gher-farming village have gained more agricultural income as well as household income compared with those of the year-round MV paddy farming system in Bangladesh. Thus it could be concluded that the technologically advanced rice-prawn gher farming system is a more factor-intensive farming system compared with the year-round MV paddy farming in Bangladesh.
  • Irrigation Reforms in rural Laos: A Study of Farmers' affordability
    Asian Review  197  2007  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • Roles of Farmer Capacity in Modernizing Irrigation Management: Case if a WUA in a rural Lao PDR
    Journal of Applied Irrigation Science  93  2007  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • Rasphone, Fumio Osanami and Takumi KONDO, Roles of Farmer Capacity in Modernizing Irrigation Management: Case if a WUA in a rural Lao PDR
    Journal of Applied Irrigation Science  93  -109  2007  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • Roles of Farmer capacity in modernizing irrigation management: Case of a WUA in a rural Lao PDR
    Journal of Applied Irrigation Science  93  -109  2007  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 合崎 英男, 土屋 慶年, 近藤 巧  農業経営通信  (231)  22  -25  2007  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • Women's Participation in Rice Prawn Gher Farming in Bangladesh: A Case Study of Khulna District
    International Journal of Women, Social Justice and Human Rights  1  -15  2007  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • Economic Evaluation of Rice-prawn Gher Farming System on Soil Fertility for Modern Variety (MV) of Rice Production in Bangladesh
    Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development  1  2007  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • AIZAKI Hideo, TSUCHIYA Yasutoshi, KONDO Takumi, OSANAMI Fumio  Japanese Journal of Farm Management  44-  (2)  1  -11  2006  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • Problems and Prospects of Shrimp and Rice-prawn Gher Farming System in Bangladesh
    Journal of Bangladesh Studies  61  -73  2006  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • Inputs Used in Modern Variety (MV) Paddy Farming and Household Income: A Comparative Study of Rice-prawn Gher and Year-round MV Paddy Farming System in Bangladesh
    The Nokei Ronso  273  -287  2006  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • Land Tenurial Arrangement of Rice-Prawn Gher Farming System in Bangladesh-A Case Study of Khulna District-
    農業経営研究  144  -147  2005  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • Local Technology Adoption and Its Diffusion Process: Evidence from the Rice-Prawn Gher Farming System of Bangladesh
    日本農業経済学会論文集  640  -647  2005  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 小麦育種制度の歴史的変遷とスピルオーバーに関する分析
    日本農業経済学会論文集  81  -88  2005  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • コメント (食料自給率の変容と展望--資源利用転換の軌跡から-2005年度「日本農業経済学会」大会討論会報告)
    農業経済研究  152  -154  2005  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • Impact of Rice-Prawn Gher Farming on Agricultural and Household Income in Banglad
    農業経営研究  133  -136  2005  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • Historical Background and Diffusion Process of Rice Prawn Gher Farming System in B
    The Nokei Ronso  85  -100  2005  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • わが国の小麦品種改良と試験地間スピルオーバーに関する分析-遺伝資源共有度からの接近-
    農経論叢  171  -181  2005  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • MATSUDA Hirotaka, BARMON Basanta Kumar, KONDO Takumi, OSANAMI Fumio  The Review of agricultural economics of Hokkaido University  61-  71  -84  2005  [Not refereed][Not invited]
     
    This paper aims to identify the impact of rice-prawn gher farming in Bangladesh (a.k.a., gher farming) on the living standard of traditional rural areas. The introduction of rice-prawn gher farming in the country is called "Gher Revolution." This is because the farming style increases income, expands employment and empowers women, or in short, improves the living standard of people. However, the impact of gher farming on the living standard of people has not been studied. This study aims at examining the effect of the farming style from the viewpoint of food intake. Two villages were selected for the study, Bilpabra in Khulna District and Chanchra in Jessore District, the former being the village that introduced gher farming and the later as a control. A cross sectional farm survey was conducted between October and November in 2004, which found that rice-prawn gher farming has improved the living standard in Bilpabra. Specifically, the intake of animal protein in the village increased, which can be considered as improvement in the living standard of the whole village. However, the survey also indicated the existence of a gap in food intake in the village between farmers and non-farmers and among farmers.
  • Performance of Vertically Integrated Contract and Independent Poultry Farms in Bangladesh: A comparative study
    The Nokei Ronso  101  -117  2005  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • ネパール・カトマンズ盆地における馬鈴薯作付け農地の季節賃貸借に関する実態分析
    農経論叢  1  -15  2005  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • Impact of Rice-Prawn Gher Farming on Agricultural and Household Income in Bangladesh : A case Study of Khulna District
    Journal of Bangladesh Studies  51  -61  2004  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • BARMON B. K.  Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development (APJORD)  14-  (1)  10  -28  2004  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 地域公共財の供給メカニズム-カトマンズ盆地サリナディ灌漑システムのケーススタディー
    農経論叢  1  -18  2004  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • ネパール・カトマンズ盆地における馬鈴薯生産の展開と灌漑
    農経論叢  127  -141  2003  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • The Rural Poor and Its Factors in Nepal: A Case Study in Haraiya, Janakpur
    Journal of policy studies  35  -53  2002  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 灌漑水の移送効率が農地利用に及ぼす影響 -ネパール・カトマンズ盆地ココナ水利組合の
    日本農業経済学会論文集  378  -383  2002  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • Effects of Crop Intensification on Labor Absorption in Sankhu Village, Nepal
    日本農業経済学会論文集  362  -367  2002  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 酪農複合経営における範囲の経済 -北海道酪農における実証-
    農業経営研究  51  -55  2002  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 近藤 巧, 福嶋 和歌子, 長南 史男  Japanese Journal of Farm Management  40-  (1)  49  -52  2002  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 稲作農家による環境調和型技術の選択要因分析
    農業経営研究  43  -58  2002  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • Intensification of Cropping Pattern and Labor Use in Sankhu Village, Nepal
    The Nokei Ronso  207  -220  2002  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 農業用水路の管理と農地利用 -カトマンズ盆地ココナ灌漑システムの事例-
    農経論叢  47  -58  2002  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 食品産業の技術構造と都市の規模に関する分析 −函館市と室蘭市を例として−
    齋藤久光, 近藤巧  フードシステムの構造変化に伴う新農業技術の普及に関する研究, 平成12年度科学研究費補助金基盤研究(C)2研究成果報告書(研究代表者：土井時久)  2001/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • An Impact Evaluation Study of a Drainage Project to Control Waterlogging and Salinity Problems in Sindh, Pakistan
    日本農業経済学会論文集  241  -243  2001  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • Cost and Productivity of Irrigation in Janakpur, Nepal
    Journal of Policy Studies  11  -23  2001  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 北海道における酪農の総合生産性と草地需要に関する分析
    農経論叢  45  -56  2001  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 近藤 巧, 志賀 永一, 森岡 裕幸  Japanese Journal of Farm Management  38-  (2)  55  -58  2000  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 水資源の効率的利用 －ネパールの小規模灌漑システムの事例－
    日本農業経済学会論文集  301  -303  2000  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • ネパール農村の貧困とその規定要因
    農経論叢  171  -183  2000  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 近藤 巧, 〓井 時久, 長南 史男  日本農業経済学会論文集  1998-  451  -453  1998  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 農家のコンピュータ利用と農業情報アクセスに関する研究 (Ⅲ) －有畜農家の経営内部特性
    宮城県農業短期大学学術報告  25  -33  1997  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 加藤 徹, 藤原 幸彦, 近藤 巧  水と土  (109)  3  -10  1997  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 土井 時久, 長南 史男, 近藤 巧  農村研究  (85)  1  -10  1997  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 土井 時久, 近藤 巧, 長南 史男  Geographical Studies  1997-  (71)  1  -11  1997  [Not refereed][Not invited]
     
    Nepal that does not produce chemical fertilizer imports it and receives it from industrialized countries as assistance for development of agriculture. Agricultural Input Cooperative (AIC) in Nepalese Government distributes fertilizer monopolistically. The prices of fertilizer are deter-mined by AIC. The authorized merchants of fertilizer have decisive power in the fertilizer market and they do not sell the fertilizer at the government decided prices. Farmers must buy the fertilizer at the black market.
    Our research at Sankhu village in Kathmandu basin shows that the irrigation system in the village is not managed efficiently. The lack of enough irrigation water in dry season makes it difficult to grow rice. More than ten years ago, the farmers in this village generally produced wheat in the dry season. After that they introduced potatoes instead of wheat. The production of potatoes using irrigated water increased as a cash crop.
    The HYV of rice also introduced in this area within ten years. The large portions of paddy field are owned by absentee landlords. Nearly one forth of produced rice must be payed as a rent to the landlords. For the farmers the production of potatoes is more attractive than rice production as a cash crop. Our case study shows that it is more important for farmers to produce potatoes than wheat in dry season.
  • Akteruzzaman M., Kondo Takumi, Osanami Fumio [a.l.]  Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University  67-  (1)  15  -41  1997  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • The Profitability of Shallow Tube Well Scheme in Lao People's Democratic Republic
    The Nokei Ronso  179  -191  1997  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • ネパールの農業発展と小規模灌漑システム
    農経論叢  125  -137  1997  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 北海道北部のうるち米・もち米選択－リスク回避行動のモデル分析－
    農経論叢  27  -34  1997  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 農家のコンピュータ利用と農業情報アクセスに関する研究 (Ⅱ) －農業経営内部の特性と農業情報に関するロジット分析－
    宮城県農業短期大学学術報告  23  -29  1996  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • International Assistance and Fertilizer Market in Nepal
    The Nokei Ronso  193  -201  1996  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 東北地方における「担い手」農家の経営規模拡大への意識
    農業土木学会誌  35  -39  1996  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 佐藤 文宏, 近藤 巧, 浅井 陟  宮城県農業短期大学学術報告  (43)  41  -50  1995  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 大区画水田創出のための再圃場整備の課題
    農業土木学会誌  937  -942  1995  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 農協経営の規模と範囲の経済性
    協同組合奨励研究報告  20  -34  1993  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 稲作生産構造の変化に関する計量経済学的研究
    宮城県農業短期大学紀要  1  -133  1993  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 価格支持政策・作付制限政策・技術進歩が稲作農業所得に及ぼす影響
    農業経済研究  79  -91  1992  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 稲作の機械化技術と大規模借地農成立可能性に関する計量分析
    農業経済研究  1  -9  1991  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • リンゴ生産における経済効率の計測
    宮城県農業短期大学学術報告  31  -38  1987  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 核所得者の農業所得造出機構と就業選択
    宮城県農業短期大学学術報告  29  -36  1986  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • 稲作兼業農家の形成過程と地域間較差－稲作所得造出関数からのアプローチ－
    農経論叢  29  -53  1986  [Not refereed][Not invited]

Awards & Honors

  • 1999 日本農業経済学会奨励賞
  • 1993 日本農業経済学会学会誌賞

Research Grants & Projects

  • 科学技術振興機構：国際的な科学技術共同研究などの推進 SATREPS
    Date (from‐to) : 2021 -2026 
    Author : 近藤 巧
     
    本研究は、ザンビア共和国において、近年急速な拡大を見せているコメの需要に対応し、稲新品種の育成と普及手法を開発することにより、コメの増産とザンビア農家の農業所得の向上に寄与することを目的とする。具体的には、以下の研究テーマを設定し、葯(やく)培養技術によって短期間で新系統を育成するとともにシチズンサイエンスに依拠した選抜を活用し、ニーズに対応した稲を創出する。 (1)系統の評価、優良品種の選抜にシチズンサイエンスを適用する。この適用においては、多様な農民の自発的参加を促すとともに、これに付随する社会的・経済的な課題の解決を目指す。(2)新品種育成期間を短縮するために、葯培養による倍加半数体※1を利用する。インディカ品種で葯培養を行うとアルビノ(白色体)※2が多発するためその発生のメカニズムを解明する。さらに、(3)新品種が地域の条件に適応するためのコアとなる稲遺伝資源の探索・保存と効率的選抜・利用方法を定着させることにより育種基盤を確保し、持続的な稲品種開発の社会実装を目指す。 ※1花粉のゲノムを倍加した植物体。倍加半数体は、一足飛びに遺伝的に固定した品種を育成できる。 ※2アルビノ個体は葉緑素を持たないため光合成能力がなく枯死する。
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業
    Date (from‐to) : 2022/04 -2025/03 
    Author : 山本 康貴, 近藤 巧, 近藤 功庸, 増田 清敬, 合崎 英男, 赤堀 弘和
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業
    Date (from‐to) : 2021/04 -2024/03 
    Author : 近藤 巧, 松田 浩敬, 貴島 祐治
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業
    Date (from‐to) : 2020/04 -2023/03 
    Author : Pandit Ram, 齋藤 陽子, 近藤 巧
     
    最初の論文では、ネパールの農業形態、移民パターン、COVID-19が農業部門全体に与える影響について批判的に検討しました。 その上で、ネパールの農業セクターの成長を再構築し、活性化させるための主要な道筋と優先すべき事項を示した。生産、サプライチェーン、フードシステム全体を回復させるため、生産規模に応じた対策の必要性を示した。特に、まず、パンデミックの影響を受けた農家世帯に優先的に介入し、彼らの生産力と競争力を支援する必要がある。次に、農業インフラの整備や制度（ただし近年新たに設立された連邦制下の地方政府の強化を含む）的な革新など、長期的な戦略も必要であることを示した。
    ふたつめの論文では、社会経済的・制度的要因と持続可能な土地管理が、零細農家の土壌肥沃度に与える影響を検討した。本研究では、ネパールのマホッタリ地区で2002年と2018年に収集したデータを使用した。2018年には、2002年に収集した土壌調査データを補完するため、184の零細農家を対象とした家計調査も実施した。計量経済学的分析に基づき、調査対象農場では、土壌有機物（SOM）が平均約0.2％、リン（P）が97kg/ha、カリウム（K）が4kg/ha、土壌pHが0.5上昇したことが分かった。さらに，改良普及指導と政府支援（苗木の無償提供）は土壌肥沃度の変化にプラスの影響を与えたが，協同組合への加入は土壌肥沃度の変化にマイナスの影響を示した。休耕地利用は土壌肥沃度を改善したが，家畜を使った慣行的な農法は必ずしも改善を示さなかった。アグロフォレストリーの導入は、PとKの変化に正の影響を与え、SOMの変化に負の影響を与えた。本研究は、零細農家における土壌肥沃度の改善には、制度的特性と持続可能な土地管理手法の導入が重要であることを示した。
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 2018/04 -2023/03 
    Author : 近藤 巧
     
    これまで、農業インフラサービスとしてインドネシアの灌漑を取り上げ、レランとスワクロラという灌漑施設の維持管理制度の違いについて明らかにした。今年度は灌漑の効果を定量的に明らかにした。灌漑施設や維持管理に対する投資の経済効果が大きいほど、農民による灌漑施設を維持管理するインセンティブが高まると考えられる。すなわち、農民は灌漑システムへの投資効果を引き出し、自身の農業所得の向上を目的に、よりよい維持管理制度を構築に向けて動き出す。灌漑が農業生産に及ぼす影響を定量的に分析しておくことは、農民の集合行為や維持管理のルールや制度を分析する上での大前提となる。本研究では、インドネシア稲作のセンサスデータ(SPD2014)を利用し、灌漑の効果を明らかにした。2013年10月から次年度の1月までの稲作作季においてコブダグラス型フロンティア生産関数を計測した。被説明変数を稲収穫量とし、主たる説明変数を農地、労働、種子、肥料、農薬、資本、４輪トラクターダミー、耕運機ダミー、畜力ダミー、経営主の年齢、性別、教育水準、品種ダミー、地域ダミーとした。灌漑利用について、バリとカリマンタンは対照的な導入率を示した。バリでは、この地域固有の水利組織であるスバックが棚田を管理しており、ほとんどの水田で灌漑が普及していた。カリマンタンはもともと陸稲の割合が高い地域であったが、2016年以降、水田面積が増加傾向にあり、灌漑の整備水準は低い。稲作の主要地域であるジャワにおいては、他の地域に比べて単収が高いものの、灌漑の普及は半分にとどまっていた。これは、フロンティア生産関数の計測対象を雨季に絞っていることが影響している可能性がある。フロンティア生産関数の計測結果から、灌漑は収量増加に寄与していることが明らかになった。
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 2018/04 -2021/03 
    Author : Kanayama Toshihisa
     
    We organized the present condition and historical progress of agricultural technology development and dissemination systems in Japan and overseas, conducted comparative institutional analysis, and attempted to build a future agricultural technology development and dissemination model in Japan. In the historical process and characteristics of the agricultural technology development and dissemination system, in Denmark farmers play a leading role, and in the United States state universities play a central role. Compared the Danish, American and Japanese system, we examined the direction of institutional reform in Japan. We also analyzed the employment-related effects of food exports because the development and dissemination of agricultural technology leads to the strengthening of export competitiveness.
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 2017/04 -2021/03 
    Author : 柳村 俊介, 澁谷 美紀, 安延 久美, 近藤 巧, 角田 毅, 小内 純子, 松村 一善, 中村 勝則, 淡路 和則, 東山 寛, 小松 知未
     
    3年目の2019年度は、前年度に引き続き国内調査と海外調査を行った。国内調査は北海道、東北、近畿、山陰、海外調査はタイ、ドイツ、ブラジルで行った。このうち北海道、東北、タイ、ブラジルについては、担当する研究分担者に加え、研究代表者を含む複数のメンバーが参加し、調査地の詳しい情報を共有しながら調査研究に関わる意見交換を行った。韓国も複数のメンバーで調査に向かったが、新型コロナ感染症の影響により、1日で調査を切り上げ、急遽帰国した。そのため韓国の江原道で予定していた調査研究を実施できなかった。ブラジルを訪問するのは初めてだが、治安悪化による農村社会の解体、灌漑施設や出荷施設など、多くの国では農業者が共有したり協同組合が建設する施設を個別農場が保有している実態が観察され、比較参照事例として重要な意味をもつと感じられた。 2019年度はメンバーを集めた研究打ち合わせ会議を開催しなかったが、2019年3月に実施した国際セミナーの各報告を原稿化し、今後予定している研究成果のとりまとめと公表の準備としてとりまとめた。 北海道での調査研究の成果を含めて『北海道農村社会のゆくえ―農事組合型農村社会の変容と近未来像―』（柳村俊介・小内純子編、農林統計出版）を2019年11月に刊行した。北海道の農村社会問題を包括的に扱った図書であり、本研究にたずさわるメンバー以外の研究者を含むが、本研究を進めるうえで意味のあるステップとなった。 韓国調査を予定通り実施することができなかったので、予定していた研究費の支出ができず、一部を翌年度に繰り越した。しかし、2020年度も韓国調査を実施できる状況にはならなかったので、繰り越し分は旅費以外で支出した。
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 2014/04 -2018/03 
    Author : KONDO Takumi
     
    We investigated the provision and the maintenance of common property resources, where the supply of goods and services tends to constitute a "tragedy of the commons" situation. We selected a water users’ association in Indonesia, in Central Java Province, as case studies. In recent years, new organization of irrigation management systems have been spreading rapidly in this area. Under this new organization, the irrigation association chief is elected based in the size of contribution competitively. Those who contribute the maximum investment to a village's infrastructure, can become the irrigation association chief. The irrigation association chief has incentives to supply irrigation services in order to acquire irrigation fees as income. We estimate the internal rate of return for chief’s investment. We found that the internal rate of return was 41%, higher than the average interest rate of 36% in the village financial market, revealing that it is economically rational behavior.
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 2014/04 -2018/03 
    Author : Yamamoto Yasutaka, IZKARA PALACIOS Simon-Pedro, SONG Juchang, HIGASHIYAMA Kan, KOBAYASHI Kuniyuki, ITO Hiroyuki, AKAHORI Hirokazu, NITTA Atomu
     
    The liberalization of agricultural trade impacts not only on the production and economic aspects of agriculture in both exporting and importing countries, but also impacts on the natural and social environment in both exporting and importing countries. In this study, we contribute to the debate on comprehensively analyzing the impact of the agricultural trade liberalization on natural and social environments. We develop and apply qualitative and quantitative methods for evaluating the impacts resulting from agricultural trade liberalization on natural and social environments both on the macro and micro level in order to contribute designing the enhancement of agricultural trade negotiation power.
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 2011/04 -2015/03 
    Author : KONDO Takumi
     
    This paper is about irrigation development, and its management-performance influence on agricultural production. The focus is on systems in Nepal and Indonesia, incorporating Ostrom’s design principles and game theory. Better-managed irrigation systems all but satisfy Ostrom’s principle criterion. Even with the design principle not satisfied, one irrigation system in Nepal was maintained - albeit incompletely - albeit incompletely - through the efforts of voluntary downstream farmers. We analyze this situation by applying chicken game theory, and find that upstream farmers are free-riding on downstream farmers. As the cost of maintenance of the system increases due to rising wages and the dilapidated state of the waterway, downstream farmers are unable to maintain the system without the cooperation of upstream farmers. We conclude by showing that irrigation systems may deteriorate depending on the strategy of upstream farmers.
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業
    Date (from‐to) : 2005 -2007 
    Author : 近藤 巧, 長南 史男
     
    農業関連の試験研究支出は、大きく公的支出と民間支出に大別される。1961年から1990年にかけて、国公立の農業試験研究費は、年率4.2%の増加率であったが、1990年から2003年には2.8%へ低下した。これに照応し、総合生産性指数(TFP)の伸び率も年率1.7%であったのが、1990年から2000年にかけて年率1.3%に低下した。特に2000年以降はTFPが低下しており、今後この傾向が続くのか否かが注目される。このように公的農業試験研究費の伸び率の低下がTFPの伸び率の低下の一因となっていることが示唆された。そこで計量経済学的モデルによってこのことを確認した。具体的には、TFPと公的農業試験研究費との関係をコイクラグモデル、合理的ラグモデル、多項式ラグモデルに基づいて推計した。その結果、農業試験研究支出はTFPに有意な影響を与えていたこと、多項式ラグモデルによれば、6期目のラグが総合生産性に有意な影響を及ぼしていたこと、1990年以後TFPの成長率は低下したもののRD効果には有意な変化が認められなかったこと、などが明らかになった。また、民間部門における研究開発のインセンティブを高めるための公共政策、特許、研究報奨金制度、契約制度などについて経済学的観点から考察を加えた。モデル分析においては、技術革新の価値が異なろうとも一律の特許期間を設けることの制度上の問題点や技術開発の静学的な効率性のみならず、動学的な効率性を考慮することの重要性を指摘した。農作物の品種改良における技術革新は累積的であるので、動学的視点から効率性を分析することはきわめて重要といえる。
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 2005 -2007 
    Author : KONDO Takumi, OSANAMI Fumio
     
    Investment in irrigation infrastructure is indispensable for growing cash crops, as well as "green revolution" in Southern Asian countries. The purpose of the study is clarifying the supply mechanism of local public goods such as irrigation canals. The farm surveys were carried out in Nepal, Bangladesh, and Lao PDR. Two typical farmer managed irrigation systems in Nepal show clearly the conditions of irrigation institution formation, which may promote farmer's communal maintenance work. Salinadi Irrigation System in Katmandu Basin has no water user's association and water distribution rule. Farmers grow profitable summer potato at irrigated land in dry season. Summer potato yield per hectare did not differ among upper and downstream farms in this system. Farmer's incentives to make the allocation of water distribution are very weak in such case. It also implies that communal maintenance work for irrigation canals is not necessary for the farmers in upper stream. On the other hand, Bishi Naubise irrigation water user's association has a strict water allocation rule, which the main intake water gates are locked with the key by the association in order to prevent unauthorized use of water. The main cropping pattern of water users in upper stream was paddy-potato-potato, which brought much more profit than paddy-fallow-potato. Under the scarce irrigation water, the water distribution rules and communal work for maintenance of facilities are carried out very well and the key helped to succeed in establishing mutual-trust relationship of association's members. The rule enables about 80% of farmers to use secure moderate quantity of irrigation water and about 60% of farmers to use water at appropriate time. We may conclude that the difference of the economic motivation of the famers produces diversification of irrigation institution and make difference of agricultural productivity according to the availability of scarce irrigation water.
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 2002 -2004 
    Author : TAKUMI Kondo, FUMIO Osanami, EIICHI Shiga, JINJIRO Chino, JUN Harada
     
    The purpose of this research is to analyze the agricultural research system and technology diffusion among the developed countries. First, this paper focuses on the changes in agricultural research expenditures in several developed countries. There was a decrease in agriculture production in comparison with other sectors and the tight financial conditions that leads to the research fund shortage. But on the other hand, private fund has increased dramatically. However, the fund for prefecture and government sectors accounted for a relatively large share compared to the private sectors in Japan. The research fund granted to national institutions increased until the late 1970s. After that, it stagnated but increased after the 1990s due to the increase in agricultural R&D investments in biotechnology, environmental quality, and food safety. The need for basic and pioneering research also makes the research expenditures in national institutions increase. The allocation mechanism of research fund is gradually changing. The government allocated the fund to the project competitively rather than a formula basis. Second, prefectural agricultural R&D fund has decreased compared to that of national government after 1965. The amount of funds granted to local agricultural R&D institutes has remained at the same level, and its share in the total funds is decreasing. In 2000, public funds constituted only 30% of the total money used for agricultural R&D in Japan. Because it is potentially important to consider spillover effects when we re-design an agricultural research system, we analyzed spillover effects. One was spillovers related to rice and wheat crop breeding. The other one was spatial and geographical spillover in the Tohoku area. There exists great spillover effects in the case of the diffusion of rice varieties which were developed at prefectural agricultural experiment station such as "Akita komachi". This variety has been spread across several prefectures, showing great spillover effects. We also constructed an agricultural technology knowledge index (ATI) and a total factor productivity index (TFP) in each prefecture in Tohoku district and analyzed the statistical significance between ATI and TFP. As a result we could confirm the existence of spatial and geographical spillover effects.
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 2002 -2004 
    Author : SHIGA Eiichi, KONDOH Takumi, YU Bingqiang, HARADA Jun, MATSUMURA Ichizen
     
    This paper shows explication of conditions and factors on adaptation of crop rotation system for sustainable land use system. We choose three areas in Hokkaido. Tokachi area is core area on this paper, we compared with Abashiri area because they are mainly large-scale farmer like Tokachi and their farming system is crop rotation. On the contrary Rishiri area is mainly small-scale farmer and introduced of vegetables. The paper eonoantrates on the analysis on how the large-scale farms of the region with constantly reducing income had organized themselves into a sustainable land use system. Best cropping ratio are 25% of each (4 crops). Selections of crops are provided of some factors, they are price, labor force per hours and labor works like work system. Labor works are mainly based on machinery system. These areas are commonly used machinery or Machinery system ; they are usually aimed for labor saving or without employment. In this situation, some farmer plans green Manure in fallow field. Green Manure is increase fertility of soil. Planted farmer are mainly 2 pattered, they are plant every few years cases and every years cases. Every few years' case is doing farm work adjustment when they expansion of their field, and every year's case is mainly large-scale farmers, they can keep constant farmprofits or fat income. Factors on adaptation of crop rotation system are necessary not only market price, but also machinery system and profit. Machinery system is based on family labor without hired labor force. Profit is including of adaptation of sustainable land use system, they are used of new machine and green Manure. And farm size is also important, which is the economic infrastructure.
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 2002 -2004 
    Author : OSANAMI Fumio, KONDO Takumi, KUROKAWA Isao, DOI Tokihisa, FUJITA Koichi, KONO Hiroichi
     
    The aim of this research is to evaluate the importance of traditional Farming Technology in Asian countries from the point of ecological economics. The field survey was conducted to find the characteristics of cropping intensification in Kathmandu Basin in Nepal, Tank Irrigation system in Sri Lanka, water logging and salinity area in Sindu state in Pakistan, Gher farming system in Bangladesh, and ‘small' electric pump irrigation systems in flood area along the Mekon River and slash and barn farming in Laos. The analysis of time series satellite digital image and GPS map of the research field makes clear the ecological change of case study area and help to generalize the results. Total Factor Productivity (TFP) is estimated to find the effects of productivity change on ecological sustainability. TFP of traditional farming system is much lower than that of modern intensive farming system. Considering the uncertain weather condition and risky situation of irrigation water availability in the large irrigation system, farmers keep the traditional extensive cropping pattern and utilize the natural grazing resources at a distance of several days walk. Complimentary characteristic of ecological farming is still important for economic sustainability of farms. Although TFP increase faster in modern farming system, it sometimes causes environmental diseconomy without additional public and private investment. Usually small farms can not afford to invest more. The role of farmer's organization to control the environmental diseconomy in intensive agricultural area should be emphasized in transition process from traditional farming system to modern farming system.
  • 生産調整下における稲品種改良の経済分析
    Date (from‐to) : 2004
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業
    Date (from‐to) : 2002 -2003 
    Author : 近藤 巧
     
    GIS(地理情報システム)が、農業経営管理や自然資源の管理にいかに応用されているか、その応用方法、将来いかなる可能性を秘めているかに関して分析した。GISの応用分野として、(1)個別農家の農地利用分析、特に輪作の経済分析、(2)人工衛星データを活用した農作物の栽培管理、(3)土地被覆図の作成、(4)地域における農地管理、などさまざまな応用分野があげられる。特に、衛生データを活用したGISは、広範な応用可能性をもつことが明らかになった。北海道のM町の畑作農家を事例とした輪作体系の分析では、数十年に及ぶ作付図をGISで、オーバーレイ解析することによって、地片レベルで輪作パターンを明らかにできた。事例農家の分析結果によれば、ビート→馬鈴薯→スイート・コーン→麦なる4作目から、ビート→馬鈴薯→麦の3作物輪作パターンが主流になってきていることが、明らかになった。衛星データの普及は、イネの植生指数から食味を左右する地域全体のコメの蛋白質含有量を一瞬にして推計することを容易にし、北海道N町では良質米の生産に貢献ていた。蛋白マップ作成に対する農家の評価は高く、施肥設計に大きな影響を及ぼしていた。さらに、衛星データの活用は途上国では大きな威力を発揮する。例えば、パキスタンにおける過剰湛水や塩害問題の広がりを広域的に明らかにすることができた。近年、高解像度の衛星データが比較的容易に入手できるようになりつつあり、農業経済学の分野でもこうしたデータを駆使した実証分析が普及するものと考えられる。
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 1999 -2001 
    Author : OSANAMI Fumio, YAMAMOTO Yasutaka, DEMURA Katsuhiko, KONDO Takumi, SAWADA Yutaka, SAKASHETA Akihiko
     
    At present, the world-wide argument of the private ownership of the water rights or the communal ownership is made over the efficiency use of the scarce water resources. Irrigation system in Japan has been formed through the historical process, and the custom water rights were considered as the right unified with the agricultural land. It is classified as Riparian water right. Japan is evaluated as one of the countries which attained the most effective sustainable use of water resources. The tragedy of the commons is not applicable to the Japanese agriculture and the rural area. However, due to the change in the economic environment the use of irrigation water has gradually been changed to utilize the scarce water resource. As for the drinking and other daily use of water, the "regional use of water" should be necessary for the increasing demand of water in the non-agriculture sector including the non-beneficiary use which aims to maintain the recovery of the natural environment. The institutional capital was defined as the stock of various institutions and the social organization which manages the irrigation system and the other related social capital) that is, the hardware of the water supply system. The way to use the "regional water" in the rural area was investigated in Tbhoku region and Hokkaido. There are some places where it is efficiently managed by the cooperative work between the irrigation district and the local government. The cost share system between irrigation water and "regional water" is also found. A theoretical examination was added related to the efficient water use and the importance of stewardship in rural area.
  • バングラデシュにおけるゲール農業と貧困削減
    Date (from‐to) : 2001
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 1998 -2000 
    Author : OSANAMI Fumio, FUJITA Koichi, KUROKAWA Isao, KONDO Takumi, DOI Tokihisa, CHINO Jinjiro
     
    The purpose of this study was to make clear the economic factors that determine the irrigation efficiency in South Asia. There is no management organization in Sali Nadi irrigation system in Katmandu basin, Nepal. Farmers whose land is located in tail area of the canal are not guaranteed to use irrigation water in dry season. Gross margin in head and middle is 2.5 times higher than in tail of canal. There is inefficiency of Pareto Optimal. There is no water users organization among the farmers who are benefiting from deep tube-well (DTW) irrigation system in Janakapur area. Due to lack of co-operation the water user has to do every thing by him self to convey the irrigation water to his plots. Therefore the shallow tube-well (STW) irrigation system has been introduced to use water more efficiently. Water market is well developed in Bangladesh. The water price has decreased by 35%, so that STW might be under break-even point. Due to reduction of water price, the cost share of farmland in favor of landlord is increased. In Pakistan the problem of water logging and salinity is the result of development of irrigation system without any provision of drainage facility. The investment in drainage projects for controlling this problem has shown the possibility of increase in productivity and cultivability of land. To become more effective, the farmers need more irrigation water and co-operative activities to maintain the irrigation canals. Green revolution was very successful in Sri Lanka, due to irrigation investment since 1960's. New irrigation development and the rehabilitation projects cost has become too expensive. One of the main reasons is high wage rate. We concluded that new water user's rule based on Pareto optimal of water resource allocation is necessary for irrigation management system.
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 1997 -1999 
    Author : KUROKAWA Isao, IIZAWA.RIICHIRO, KONDO Takunri, OSANAMI Fumio, HASHIMOTO Yuuichi, SHIGA Eiichi
     
    There exists many Farms and Agricultural Cooperatives which have been practiced or introduced partly organic farming for a long time. The purpose of this study is to investigate the typical farms among those and evaluate them from the point of farm managerial economics . The evaluation from the point of pesticide and fungicide control, energy input-output analysis and environmental externality was conducted cooperated with the specialist. In case of dairy farming, Low-output dairy farming which utilize grazing grass land is most sustainable system. The farm survey shows that rice farming has more possibility to improve the sustainability by developing the substitution farm labor to farm machinery in weeding and pesticide, and by lowering the price of 'organic' input which substitute for agricultural chemical. In case of Upland-farming, whose farm size is larger, precision farming method helped to manage farm land, especially in the area where the traditional cropping rotation system affected by introduction of more intensive crops such as vegetables. Information technology such as crop disease forecasting system is very effective to reduce use of agricultural chemicals GIS has proved to be a very effective to monitor the effects of the farmer's activity on environment and to accumulate the information of sustainable farming system. The effectiveness of regulation for the organic farm products standard and other economic policy means such as tax and subsidy to promote sustainable agriculture are also discussed. It is still discussing matter how much the sustainable farming system affect on the food supply, because it depend rather on the market situation. Not-utilized farm resource such as paddy straw, forestry land and new information technology are worth to consider as "new" resources to increase food production possibility.
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業
    Date (from‐to) : 1997 -1998 
    Author : 近藤 巧
     
    木研究では、農業機械の開発に焦点を据え民間の技術開発と公的試験研究機関の技術開発の特質について分析を行った。現在のわが国の農機具メーカーでは稲作関連農機の売り上げが大部分を占めていた。しかし昨今、稲作を取り巻く状況は減反政策の強化や市場の成熟から大きな成長が見込めなくなった。景気低迷は農家の農外収入を激減させ、このことが農機具需要の低迷に拍車をかけている。そこで、各農機具メーカーは稲作偏重からの脱却を目指し野菜の栽培体系に対応した農機具の開発に力を注いでいる。「低価格」「高機能化」「野菜作対応」をキーワードに開発を進めている。さらに、定年帰農が増加していることからギアのシフトチェシジが不要な機械やエアコンつき機械、高齢化と環境問題から機械の始動やメンテナンスが楽な排ガスを出さない電動農機の開発に従事している。これまで農業のプロを前提に新製品を開発してきたが、定年帰農や新規参入者を対象に誰でも簡単に操作可能で農作業ができる機械の開発を目指している。野菜作は手作業が多く、将来確実に農機具に対する需要が伸びる領域と予測し特に収穫機の開発に力を入れている。民間のメーカーは需要動向に対応し、しかも開発コスト、リスクの小さい機械の開発に乗り出している。本研究で調査事例農家は、農家の立場から農機改造を続けていた。特に乗用除草機は無農薬栽培を目指す農家グループでは不可欠となっていた。これらの農家グループは深層追肥機の製作も手がけていた。一方、農業試験研究機関は正確な自動運転を可能にする無人トラクターなどの開発に着手している。これらの技術はGPSや光ファイバージャイロなどを用いた高度な情報処理システムを必要とする。これまで長年の経験と勘に頼ってきた農業を最先端の精密制御技術でもって代替させていた。また、精密農法(PF:プレシジョンファーミング)向けの次世代農機具の開発やそのための基礎的研究としてセンサーの研究に乗り出している。PFのための技術は機械メーカーだけで開発できる技術ではなく栽培方法といったソフト技術も重要である。より一層の省力化・低コスト化や環境保全型技術が求められる将来に向け研究開発を行っている。公的研究機関はこのような、開発に長期間を有する応用的・基礎的な領域にかかわって技術開発を行っていた。
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 1996 -1998 
    Author : DEMURA Katsuhiko, NAGAKI Masakazu, KONDO Takumi, IIZAWA Riichiro
     
    (1) Purpose and Method : To evaluate the rice(Kirara 397) produced in Hokkaido. We employ two criteria in order to evaluate the Kirara 397's quality : subjective criterion, that is, evaluation by all rice wholesalers and major retailers in Hokkaido, and objective one, yield per 10 a, rice grade (first), weather factors and cost. We employ another standards of commodity characteristic of wholesalers : rice's quality, constant quality, volume of rice lots and services of Agricultural co-operative. The aggregated index obtained from wholesalers and/or retailer's subjective evaluations are applied by the method of AHP ( Analytic Hierarcy Process). (2) Main Results : There are five evaluation indexes we get : 1)production districts by weighted average AHP of wholesalers, 2) production districts by weighted average AHP of retailers, 3) production districts by mixed weighted average AHP of wholesalers and retailers, 4)production districts by objective factors and 5) production districts by production costs. These indexes are fit for actual rice production districts in Hokkaido.
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 1995 -1997 
    Author : DOI Tokihisa, ABE Junichii, KONDO Takumi, SHIGA Eiichi, OSANAMI Fumiko, KUROKAWA Isao
     
    Due to the increase of imports of upland crops, the food self-sufficiency rate of upland crops is decreasing rapidly and the farmers need a new policy for research and development to increase agricultural productivity. The new intensive upland-farming management is emerging in Hokkaido, where the share of upland crops production accounts about half of the total upland crops production in Japan. The acreage of vegetables has increased rapidly and it has caused the change of the traditional cropping rotation of wheat, potato, sugar beet and pulses. The private research and development activity is increasing especially in the vegetables and flower production, although the public is also playing the important role in agricultural research and development. In case of provided by private flower nurseries company, the cost share of flower nurseries accounts almost half of the total production cost. The transaction process of these new seeds and nurseries between farmers and private companies was analyzed theoretically. F1 onion varieties contributed in decreasing the seasonal shortage of domestic supply and in reducing imports in onion market. Vegetable itself is more labor intensive crop, although vegetable production is increasing in the area where the land resources are scarce. It is inevitable to adopt the mechanization to substitute the labor shortage. The case study of R&D in the mechanization of vegetable production was done in the Tokachi Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives. The study result shows that the demand for farm machinery is increasing very rapidly. Environmental concern also became very important in agricultural production. New information system to control the use of pesticide is developing in upland-crops production. The optimal system to increase the efficiency of the use of agricultural chemicals and to improve environmental situation is discussed theoretically. The role of intra-farm management system of controlling the use of fertilizer, and the irrigation system for upland-crops were also investigated and evaluated.
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 1995 -1997 
    Author : DOI Tokihisa, CHINO Jinjiro, SASAKI Ichio, KONDO Takumi, OSANAMI Fumio, KUROKAWA Isao
     
    In this project, we intended a comparative study of the different effect of irrigation on agricultural production with and without foreign aid. In the first year of the project, we studied natural gravity irrigation in Sankhu village, Kathmandu basin. For the easy accessibility to the market, the diffusion of irrigation system made it possible the potato production in the dry season. The farmers in Sankhu became attractive to introduce potato as cash crop. As a case study in the second year, we selected Janakpur in Terai, in the most important rice production area in Nepal. More than twenty years ago, Japan supported to install deep tube-wells in this area. Today, there are many shallow tube-wells and deep tube-wells. Because of high cost of diesel and poor managemant efficiency, deep tube-well are not so highly used by farmer's group. On the contrary, small scale shallow tube wells are used by each farmer mainly for wheat production. For the diffusion of irrigation in the dry season, foreign aids may be preferable to small scale technology such as shallow tube-wells rather than large scale tube wells which are difficult to manage.
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 1995 -1996 
    Author : OSANAMI Fumio, XIU Shinketsu, KONDO Takumi
     
    Although Japanese agriculture is highly mechanized, the cost of farm machinery is much higher in Japan than in other developed countries, largely owing to the lower utilization of machine-capacity under conditions of small-scale farming on small and widely-scattered plots. It is hoped that the farm contractor will present a possible alternative to over-investment in costly farm machinery. This paper introduces the effects of imperfect information on farm contracts. The extensive form game model was used to analyze this introduction of imperfect or asymmetrical information, and to discuss the conditions for ideal type of farm contractor. We proceed from the assumption that farmers do not perceive the quality of a farm contractor's services, and that they lack the objective criterion to judge the quality of services in advance. Typically, farmers receive only information about the contractor's fee. In terms of the game theoretical analysis, the preceding situation is common knowledge among playrs. The extensive-form game interpretation of farmer/contractor contracts revealed that the most plausible solution to the theoretical model was the combination of low charge and low-quality service. In fact, the combination of high charge and high-quality service is even more profitable for both parties, but does not represent a realistic solution due to a state of imperfect information, and the so-called prisoner's dilemma to which this ignorance gives rise.
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業
    Date (from‐to) : 1995 -1995 
    Author : 近藤 巧
     
    ここ数年、輸入される生鮮野菜は量・品目とも拡大、調達先も多様化していた。タマネギ、カボチャ、アスパラガス、ブロッコリー、シイタケ、サトイモ、レンコン、ゴボウ、ニンニクなどその品目をあげればきりがない。輸入国は、米国、中国、ベトナム、ニュージーランド、オーストラリアなどである。輸入元は商社、大型小売店、外食産業業者、惣菜店、加工業者などである。こうした、輸入が行われる背景には、人件費が安いうえさらに円高によって価格が安いこと、加工業者などにとっては原料調達が容易でかつ価格変動が小さいことなどがあげられる。タマネギなどの場合には、輸送手段として空調を取り付けた乾燥コンテナを導入したこと、アスパラ、ブロッコリーの場合には鮮度を保つ氷温輸送技術の開発があげられる。また、国内事情として担い手の高齢化とそれにともなう生産力の低下がある。これまで、生鮮野菜は国内生産が干ばつや冷夏などによる不作時、端境期にスポット的取引によって補完的に輸入されるケースが多かった。しかし近年では、日本の種子を現地に持ち込んで技術指導する開発輸入によって通年的に輸入される傾向にある。ただし、これは品目によって異なり、アスパラ、ブロッコリーなどは国産と品質面で十分に対抗できることから輸入時期が周年化している。開発輸入はエビやブロイラーと同様に産地の使い捨てを招きやすく、中長期的視点をもたないと現地とのトラブルを引き起こしかねない。
  • 南アジアにおける灌漑システムの効果と維持管理に関する研究
    Date (from‐to) : 1995
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 1993 -1994 
    Author : HIROMASA Yukio, KONDO Takumi
     
    To forme large scale farm, Farmers need to consensus for combining each farmland. 1.The results of economic theoretical analysing for combining farmlands are as follows.(1)The farmland market have transaction cost, imcompleted information and externality.(2)The famland transactions have Arrow's imposible paradox and Sen's Liberal paradox.(3)To construct the social wealfare function of rural community, we need to have Walras' auctioner agent.(4)To dissolve a liberal paradox, it important to form sympathy and commitent ammong farmaers. 2.The results of analysing questionnaires to farmers are as follows.(1)The farm which is conscious of large scaling are almost fulltime farms.(2)The younger farm maneger have stronger conscious of large scaling.(3)They prefer self-ended farm management to cooperation.(4)The most important for comnination of farmlands are to clarify the future vision of this rural area.

Educational Activities

Teaching Experience

  • Advanced Agricultural and Rural Development
    開講年度 : 2021
    課程区分 : 修士課程
    開講学部 : 農学院
    キーワード : 計量経済学，質問調査
  • Inter-Graduate School Classes(Educational Program):PARE
    開講年度 : 2021
    課程区分 : 修士課程
    開講学部 : 大学院共通科目
    キーワード : populations, human activities, environments, resources, food, land, rivers, coasts, atmosphere, soil, water, groundwater, geo-environment, water cycle, element cycles, ecosystems, poverty, sustainability, climate change, erosion, chemical substances, pollution, risk management, green technology
  • Seminar on Agricultural Economics I
    開講年度 : 2021
    課程区分 : 学士課程
    開講学部 : 農学部
    キーワード : 農業経済学、開発経済学、農業技術移転、開発途上国、貧困問題、国際協力
  • Seminar on Agricultural Economics II
    開講年度 : 2021
    課程区分 : 学士課程
    開講学部 : 農学部
    キーワード : 農業経済学、開発経済学、農業技術移転、開発途上国、貧困問題、国際協力
  • Seminar on Agricultural Economics III
    開講年度 : 2021
    課程区分 : 学士課程
    開講学部 : 農学部
    キーワード : 農業経済学、開発経済学、農業技術移転、開発途上国、貧困問題、国際協力
  • Agricultural and Rural Development Economics
    開講年度 : 2021
    課程区分 : 学士課程
    開講学部 : 農学部
    キーワード : 農業開発、農業発展、経済開発援助、社会的共通資本、社会資本、スラム、都市と農村の経済学、経済成長理論、食料問題、環境問題と途上国
  • Agricultural Economics
    開講年度 : 2021
    課程区分 : 学士課程
    開講学部 : 農学部
    キーワード : 農業経済学、農業環境政策学、農業経営学、開発経済学、協同組合学、食料農業市場学、地域連携経済学、農資源経済学

Copyright © MEDIA FUSION Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved.