フランスの行政の「伝統」と革新
村上裕一
季刊 行政管理研究 182 35 - 48 2023年06月25日
[査読無し][招待有り] Brainard Guy Peters proposes a new framework of ‘administrative tradition', a historically based set of values, structures, and relationships with other institutions, that define the nature of appropriate public administration within society. Among the significant Anglo-Saxon, Napoleonic, Germanic, and Scandinavian models, France has an 'administrative tradition' of the state as a solid and autonomous organism, uniformity through préfet and cumul des mandats, politicization of bureaucracy and bureaucratization of politics, codified legalism, managerialism, grands corps and pantouflage, an autonomous state in relation to society, and emphasis on inspection and personal fault in bureaucracy. In addition to the introduction of performance measure evaluation in the administration, this study offers recent cases of local agreements on regional railway operations, decentralization with the creation of métropoles and the parallel delay in municipality mergers, a nationwide demonstration against fuel tax hikes, pension reforms, and the neoliberal reforms of universities, the political decision to abolish the École nationale d'administration, a symbol of French elitism, and the political shift toward a greater emphasis on the environment after the local elections in 2020. We should continue to watch whether they end up just being temporary, or an innovation that endures.