Researcher Profile and Settings

Affiliation

• Faculty of Public Policy　Center for Public Policy Studies

Job Title

• Associate Professor

Degree

• Ph.D. (Foreign Affairs)（University of Virginia）

URL

http://lex.juris.hokudai.ac.jp/~skohama
http://www.juris.hokudai.ac.jp/~skohama

ORCID ID

•  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5174-7313

J-Global ID

• 201301033651810791

Research Areas

• Humanities & social sciences / International relations / Conflict

Academic & Professional Experience

• 2012/04 - Today Hokkaido University Public Policy School Associate Professor
• 2010/09 - 2012/03 Hokkaido University Department of Law Associate Professor

Education

• 2008/09 - 2014/12  University of Virginia  Department of Politics  Ph.D.（Foreign Affairs）
• 2006/04 - 2008/03  University of Tokyo  Graduate School of Law and Politics  M.A.
• 2002/04 - 2006/03  University of Tokyo  Faculty of Law  BA

Association Memberships

• American Political Science Association   JAPANESE ASSOCIATION FOR AMERICAN STUDIES   JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS   

Research Activities

Published Papers

• Resistance to the six elements of political apologies: Who opposes which elements?

  Yohsuke Ohtsubo, Kazunori Inamasu, Shoko Kohama, Nobuhiro Mifune, Atsushi Tago

  Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 1078-1919 2020/03/05 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Bombing and Mining in War: Evidence from Cambodia

  Shoko Kohama, Kazuto Ohtsuki, Yasutaka Tominaga

  Journal of Global Security Studies 5 (2) 319 - 338 2057-3170 2019/11/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  This study explores the political-economic determinants of military strategy during civil war to explain the intensity of suffering that certain conflict zones and their inhabitants suffer due to aerial bombing and landmines. Adversaries seeking post-war rents consider distinct consequences of weapons use in the target society: bombing causes instantaneous destruction, whereas landmines cause persistent but fading negative externalities on human activities, such as labor. Thus, it is expected that economic rents with different characteristics are associated with the use of different types of weapons because the benefits derived from these rents after the conflict vary. By focusing on the nature of economic rents available in conflict zones, this study demonstrates that aerial bombing is more likely when the targeted territory relies economically on renewable resources and industries such as agriculture, whereas landmines are more likely to be used in territories endowed with perishable resources such as gemstones. An empirical analysis utilizing newly compiled geo-coded data on the locations of US airstrikes and landmine contamination during the Cambodian Civil War finds strong positive associations between agricultural productivity and the number of airstrikes, and between the proximity to large gem deposits and landmine contamination, holding major tactical variables constant. The results suggest that societies' economic structures have a sizable effect on the manner in which adversaries fight a war and, therefore, affect how people suffer from it.
• Territorial acquisition, commitment, and recurrent war

  Shoko Kohama

  International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 19 (2) 269 - 295 1470-482X 2019/05/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Social dominance orientation as an obstacle to intergroup apology

  Nobuhiro Mifune, Kazunori Inamasu, Shoko Kohama, Yohsuke Ohtsubo, Atsushi Tago

  PLOS ONE Public Library of Science ({PLoS}) 14 (1) e0211379  1932-6203 2019/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• To Denounce, or Not To Denounce: Survey Experiments on Diplomatic Quarrels

  Shoko Kohama, Kazunori Inamasu, Atsushi Tago

  Political Communication 34 (2) 243 - 260 1091-7675 2017/04/03 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Despite widespread concern over heated diplomatic debates and growing interest in public diplomacy, it is still incompletely understood what type of message is more effective for gaining support from foreign public, or the international society, in situations where disputing countries compete in diplomatic campaigns. This study, through multiple survey experiments, uncovers the effect of being silent, issuing positive justification, and negative accusation, in interaction with the opponent’s strategy. We demonstrate that negative verbal attacks “work” and undermine the target’s popularity as they do in electoral campaigns. Unlike domestic electoral campaigns, however, negative diplomacy has little “backlash” and persuades people to support the attacker. Consequently, mutual verbal fights make neither party more popular than the other. Nevertheless, this does not discourage disputants from waging verbal fights due to the structure similar to the one-shot prisoner’s dilemma. We also find that positive messages are highly context-dependent—that is, their effects greatly depend on the opponent’s strategy and value proximity between the messenger and the receiver.
• Information Sharing in Early Stage International Disputes: How China and Japan Communicate

  Shoko Kohama, Atsushi Tago, Kazunori Inamasu

  Suzuki M. and Okada A., eds. Games of Conflict and Cooperation in Asia Springer Japan 57 - 82 1866-6507 2017 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Efficacy of Unilateral Defense in International Crises: A Mechanism of Tying-Hand Signaling

  Shoko KOHAMA

  International Relations 181 74 - 88 2015/09 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Unsettled designs for peace and order in the Middle East: U.S. policies toward the Arab-Israel conflict, 1963-70

  小浜 祥子

  The journal of the Association of Political and Social Sciences 國家學會事務所 121 (9) 939 - 999 0023-2793 2008/10 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Dealing with precarious democracy: arms sales to Israel in the Johnson years, 1963-1966

  小浜 祥子

  Pacific and American studies 東京大学大学院総合文化研究科附属アメリカ太平洋地域研究センター,Center for Pacific and American Studies of The University of Tokyo,東京大学大学院 7 (0) 141 - 158 1346-2989 2007/03 [Refereed][Not invited]
  

Books etc

• America in the Post-Obama Era (in Japanese)

  Takakazu Yamagishi, Masaru Nishikawa (ContributorCh.8 "Foreign Policy")
  Daigaku Kyoiku Shuppan 2016 (ISBN: 9784864293983)

MISC

• Stephen Biddle, Military Power: Explaining Victory and Defeat in Modern Battle (Princeton UP, 2006)

  Shoko KOHAMA  The Journal of the Association of Political and Social Sciences  122-  (9-10)  241  -244  2009  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  

Research Grants & Projects

• International Collaborative Research on Political Information Transmission by Using Survey Experiment Methods

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint International Research (B))

  Date (from‐to) : 2018/10 -2024/03 

  Author : 多湖 淳, 松村 尚子, 小浜 祥子

   

  本研究は「サーベイ実験による政治情報伝達現象の国際協働研究」という大きなテーマ設定の下で、①国際組織の授権による対世論説得効果の分析、②見えない危機における政府声明の対世論情報効果の分析という二つの研究を行い、社会科学引用インデックス（Social Science Citation Index: SSCI）で評判の高い雑誌よりから複数の論文を刊行しようとするものである。 ①と②について、既に日本人との共著でSSCI論文を有するPIの多湖淳が統括をし、北海道大学の小濵祥子、神戸大学の松村尚子がそれぞれテーマを分担して、米国のDuke大学のGrieco教授、中国の香港大学のQuek助教授との協働を進める。 ①国際組織の授権による対世論説得効果の分析については松村とGrieco、②見えない危機における政府声明の対世論情報効果の分析については小濵とQuekの組が協働を主導し、多湖が両者をさらにネットワーク化して相互の刺激し合いを促進し、政治情報伝達現象における国際比較実験研究の意義をまとめる研究を進める。 ２０１８年度においては研究体制の確立のため、日本の３研究者での打ち合わせのほか、２０１８年１月にQuek助教授と東京での面談を実現したほか、２０１９年春にGrieco教授の東京訪問について調整をした。また、共同研究のコアである実験の設計のほか、国際学会でのパネル公募への応募を開始し始めた。
• Interdisciplinary Empirical Studies on Group Apology

  文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(挑戦的研究(開拓))

  Date (from‐to) : 2018 -2022 

  Author : Atsushi Tago
• The Decline and Renovation of International Institutions: Political Economic Analysis

  文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(A))

  Date (from‐to) : 2018 -2022 

  Author : Motoshi Suzuki
• Power of Words in the Early Escalation Stage of International Conflict

  文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(A))

  Date (from‐to) : 2017 -2022 

  Author : Atsushi Tago
• The Logic of Destruction and Contamination

  文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(C)：特設分野・紛争研究)

  Date (from‐to) : 2016 -2018 

  Author : Shoko Kohama
• Postwar Peace and Resource Management with Foreign Aids

  文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(若手研究(B))

  Date (from‐to) : 2015 -2017 

  Author : Shoko Kohama
• グローバル・ガバナンスの変容と国家政策の政治経済分析

  文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(A))

  Date (from‐to) : 2014 -2017 

  Author : Motoshi Suzuki
• Peace and Violence after Conflict

  文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(若手研究(B))

  Date (from‐to) : 2012 -2012 

  Author : Shoko Kohama

Educational Activities

Teaching Experience