Researcher Profile and Settings

Alias Name

Hokkaido University

Affiliation

• Graduate School of Humanities and Human Sciences　Division of Human Sciences　Department of Psychology

Job Title

• Associate Professor

URL

https://ogawalab.notion.site

J-Global ID

• 201201058884367710

Research Interests

• 運動学習   社会的認知   認知心理学   認知神経科学   fMRI   MEG   身体像   運動制御   

Research Areas

• Humanities & social sciences / Experimental psychology
• Life sciences / Neuroscience - general
• Humanities & social sciences / Cognitive sciences

Educational Organization

•  Bachelor's degree program　School of Humanities and Human Sciences
•  Master's degree program　Graduate School of Humanities and Human Sciences
•  Doctoral (PhD) degree program　Graduate School of Humanities and Human Sciences

Academic & Professional Experience

• 2013 - Today 北海道大学大学院 文学研究科心理システム科学講座（2019年より文学研究院心理学講座） 准教授
• 2010 - Today Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International
• 2011 - 2013 日本学術振興会 特別研究員 (PD)
• 2007 - 2010 科学技術振興機構ERATO浅田プロジェクト 研究員
• 2006 - 2007 日本学術振興会 特別研究員 (DC2)

Association Memberships

• THE JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION   日本神経科学会   Society for neuroscience   JAPANESE NEURAL NETWORK SOCIETY   NEUROPSYCHOLOGY ASSOCIATION OF JAPAN   THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY   日本認知科学会   北海道心理学会   

Research Activities

Published Papers

• Role of the left inferior frontal gyrus in transforming format types of action descriptions between stimuli and representations

  Hiroshi Shibata, Kenji Ogawa

  Journal of Neurolinguistics 71 101191 - 101191 0911-6044 2024/08 [Refereed]
  
• Disrupted interoceptive awareness by auditory distractor: Difficulty inferring the internal bodily states?

  Yusuke Haruki, Kenji Ogawa

  Neuroscience Research 0168-0102 2023/11 [Refereed]
  
• Revisiting the relationship between illusory hand ownership induced by visuotactile synchrony and cardiac interoceptive accuracy.

  Toyoki Yamagata, Kaito Ichikawa, Shogo Mizutori, Yusuke Haruki, Kenji Ogawa

  Scientific reports 13 (1) 17132 - 17132 2023/10/10 [Refereed]
   

  Multisensory integration plays an important role in the experience of the bodily self. Recently, the relationship between exteroception and interoception has been actively debated. The first evidence was a report that the susceptibility of the sense of ownership over a fake hand (i.e., illusory hand ownership: IHO) in the typical rubber hand illusion is negatively modulated by the accuracy of the heartbeat perception (i.e., cardiac interoceptive accuracy: CIA). If reliable, this would suggest an antagonism between the exteroceptive and interoceptive cues underlying the bodily self. However, some inconsistent data have been reported, raising questions about the robustness of the initial evidence. To investigate this robustness, we estimated the extent of the modulatory effect of CIA on IHO susceptibility by applying Bayesian hierarchical modeling to two independent datasets. Overall, our results did not support that IHO susceptibility is modulated by CIA. The present estimates with high uncertainty cannot exclude the hypothesis that the relationship between IHO susceptibility and CIA is so weak as to be negligible. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to reach a conclusion about the extent of the modulatory effect. These findings highlight the lack of robustness of key evidence supporting the "antagonism hypothesis".
• Neural substrates of top-down processing during perceptual duration-based timing and beat-based timing.

  Mitsuki Niida, Yusuke Haruki, Fumihito Imai, Kenji Ogawa

  Experimental brain research 241 (8) 2133 - 2143 2023/08 [Refereed]
   

  Temporal context is a crucial factor in timing. Previous studies have revealed that the timing of regular stimuli, such as isochronous beats or rhythmic sequences (termed beat-based timing), activated the basal ganglia, whereas the timing of single intervals or irregular stimuli (termed duration-based timing) activated the cerebellum. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment to determine whether top-down processing of perceptual duration-based and beat-based timings affected brain activation patterns. Our participants listened to auditory sequences containing both single intervals and isochronous beats and judged either the duration of the intervals or the tempo of the beats. Whole-brain analysis revealed that both duration judgments and tempo judgments activated similar areas, including the basal ganglia and cerebellum, with no significant difference in the activated regions between the two conditions. In addition, an analysis of the regions of interest revealed no significant differences between the activation levels measured for the two tasks in the basal ganglia as well as the cerebellum. These results suggested that a set of common brain areas were involved in top-down processing of both duration judgments and tempo judgments. Our findings indicate that perceptual duration-based timing and beat-based timing are driven by stimulus regularity irrespective of top-down processing.
• Heterogeneity of social cognition between visual perspective-taking and theory of mind in the temporo-parietal junction.

  Kenji Ogawa, Yuiko Matsuyama

  Neuroscience letters 807 137267 - 137267 2023/06/11 [Refereed]
   

  Visual perspective taking (VPT), particularly level 2 VPT (VPT2), which allows an individual to understand that the same object can be seen differently by others, is related to the theory of mind (ToM), because both functions require a decoupled representation from oneself. Although previous neuroimaging studies have shown that VPT2 and ToM activate the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), it is unclear whether common neural substrates are involved in both functions. To clarify this point, we directly compared the TPJ activation patterns of individual participants performing VPT2 and ToM tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging and within-subjects design. A whole-brain analysis revealed that VPT2 and ToM activated overlapping areas in the posterior part of the TPJ. In addition, we found that both the peak coordinates and activated regions for ToM were located significantly more anteriorly and dorsally within the bilateral TPJ than those measured during the VPT2 task. We further confirmed that these activated areas were spatially distinct from the nearby extrastriate body area (EBA), visual motion area (MT+), and the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) using independent localizer scans. Our findings revealed that VPT2 and ToM have gradient representations, indicating the functional heterogeneity of social cognition within the TPJ.
• Are people less susceptible to the illusory sense of ownership over a fake hand if they can accurately perceive heartbeats?

  Toyoki Yamagata, Kaito Ichikawa, Shogo Mizutori, Yusuke Haruki, Kenji Ogawa

  2023/02/27
• Supramodal representation of the sense of body ownership in the human parieto-premotor and extrastriate cortices

  Yusuke Sonobe, Toyoki Yamagata, Huixiang Yang, Yusuke Haruki, Kenji Ogawa

  eneuro ENEURO.0332 - 22.2023 2023/01/19 [Refereed]
   

  The sense of body ownership, defined as the sensation that one’s body belongs to oneself, is a fundamental component of bodily self-consciousness. Several studies have shown the importance of multisensory integration for the emergence of the sense of body ownership, together with the involvement of the parieto-premotor and extrastriate cortices in bodily awareness. However, whether the sense of body ownership elicited by different sources of signal, especially visuotactile and visuomotor inputs, is represented by common neural patterns remains to be elucidated. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the existence of neural correlates of the sense of body ownership independent of the sensory modalities. Participants received tactile stimulation or executed finger movements while given synchronous and asynchronous visual feedback of their hand. We used multi-voxel patterns analysis (MVPA) to decode the synchronous and asynchronous conditions with cross-classification between two modalities: the classifier was first trained in the visuotactile sessions and then tested in the visuomotor sessions and vice versa. Regions of interest-based and searchlight analyses revealed significant above-chance cross-classification accuracies in the bilateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS), the bilateral ventral premotor cortex (PMv), and the left extrastriate body area (EBA). Moreover, we observed a significant positive correlation between the cross-classification accuracy in the left PMv and the difference in subjective ratings of the sense of body ownership between the synchronous and asynchronous conditions. Our findings revealed the neural representations of the sense of body ownership in the IPS, PMv, and EBA that is invariant to the sensory modalities. Significance Statement Previous studies have shown neural correlates of the sense of body ownership in parieto-premotor and extrastriate cortices. However, whether the sense of body ownership induced by different sensory inputs is represented in common neural patterns remains unelucidated. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA), we investigated neural representations of the sense of body ownership invariant to modalities. Decoding neural patterns for visuotactile and visuomotor modalities revealed successful cross-classification accuracies in intraparietal sulcus (IPS), ventral premotor cortex (PMv), and extrastriate body area (EBA). Furthermore, cross-classification accuracy in PMv was positively correlated with subjective ratings of the sense of body ownership. These findings demonstrate that supramodal representations in parieto-premotor and extrastriate cortices underlie the sense of body ownership.
• Distinct neural representations of hand movement direction between motor imagery and execution in the presupplementary motor area.

  Yuxiang Yang, Huixiang Yang, Fumihito Imai, Kenji Ogawa

  Neuroscience research 2023/01/11 [Refereed]
   

  Motor simulation theory proposes a functional equivalence between motor execution (ME) and its simulation, suggesting that motor imagery (MI) is the self-intentioned simulation of one's actions. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with multivoxel pattern analysis to test whether the direction of hand movement is represented with a similar neural code between ME and MI. In our study, participants used their right hand to move an on-screen cursor in the left-right direction with a joystick or imagined the same movement without execution. The results indicated that the left-right direction as well as their modality (ME or MI) could be decoded significantly above the chance level in the presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and primary visual cortex (V1). Next, we used activation patterns of ME as inputs to the decoder to predict hand move directions in MI sessions and found a significantly higher-than-chance accuracy only in V1, not in pre-SMA. Moreover, the representational similarity analysis showed similar activation patterns for the same directions between ME and MI in V1 but not in pre-SMA. This study's finding indicates distinct spatial activation patterns for movement directions between ME and MI in pre-SMA.
• Cardiac and Gastric Interoceptive Awareness Have Distinct Neural Substrates

  Yusuke Haruki, Kenji Ogawa

  eneuro 10 (1) ENEURO.0157 - 22.2023 2023/01 [Refereed]
   

  Abstract Interoceptive awareness, an awareness of the internal body state, guides adaptive behavior by providing ongoing information on body signals, such as heart rate and energy status. However, it is still unclear how interoceptive awareness of different body organs are represented in the human brain. Hence, we directly compared the neural activations accompanying attention to cardiac (related to heartbeat) and gastric (related to stomach) sensations, which generate cardiac and gastric interoceptive awareness, in the same population (healthy humans,N = 31). Participants were asked to direct their attention toward heart and stomach sensations and become aware of them in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. The results indicated that the neural activations underlying gastric attention encompassed larger brain regions, including the occipitotemporal visual cortices, bilateral primary motor cortices, primary somatosensory cortex, left orbitofrontal cortex, and hippocampal regions. Cardiac attention, however, selectively activated the right anterior insula extending to the frontal operculum compared with gastric attention. Moreover, our detailed analyses focusing on the insula, the most relevant region for interoceptive awareness, revealed that the left dorsal middle insula encoded cardiac and gastric attention via different activation patterns, but the posterior insula did not. Our results demonstrate that cardiac and gastric attention evoke different brain activation patterns; in particular, the selective activation may reflect differences in the functional roles of cardiac and gastric interoceptive awareness.
• Decoding of Motor Imagery Involving Whole-body Coordination.

  Huixiang Yang, Kenji Ogawa

  Neuroscience 501 131 - 142 2022/08/08 [Refereed]
   

  The present study investigated whether different types of motor imageries can be classified based on the location of the activation peaks or the multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and compared the difference between visual motor imagery (VI) and kinesthetic motor imagery (KI). During fMRI scanning sessions, 25 participants imagined four movements included in the Motor Imagery Questionnaire-Revised (MIQ-R): knee lift, jump, arm movement, and waist bend. These four imagined movements were then classified based on the peak location or the patterns of fMRI signal values. We divided the participants into two groups based on whether they found it easier to generate VI (VI group, n = 10) or KI (KI group, n = 15). Our results show that the imagined movements can be classified using both the location of the activation peak and the spatial activation patterns within the sensorimotor cortex, and MVPA performs better than the activation peak classification. Furthermore, our result reveals that the KI group achieved a higher MVPA decoding accuracy within the left primary somatosensory cortex than the VI group, suggesting that the modality of motor imagery differently affects the classification performance in distinct brain regions.
• Neuroimaging Examination of Driving Mode Switching Corresponding to Changes in the Driving Environment.

  Ryu Ohata, Kenji Ogawa, Hiroshi Imamizu

  Frontiers in human neuroscience 16 788729 - 788729 2022 [Refereed]
   

  Car driving is supported by perceptual, cognitive, and motor skills trained through continuous daily practice. One of the skills that characterize experienced drivers is to detect changes in the driving environment and then flexibly switch their driving modes in response to the changes. Previous functional neuroimaging studies on motor control investigated the mechanisms underlying behaviors adaptive to changes in control properties or parameters of experimental devices such as a computer mouse or a joystick. The switching of multiple internal models mainly engages adaptive behaviors and underlies the interplay between the cerebellum and frontoparietal network (FPN) regions as the neural process. However, it remains unclear whether the neural mechanisms identified in previous motor control studies also underlie practical driving behaviors. In the current study, we measure functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activities while participants control a realistic driving simulator inside the MRI scanner. Here, the accelerator sensitivity of a virtual car is abruptly changed, requiring participants to respond to this change flexibly to maintain stable driving. We first compare brain activities before and after the sensitivity change. As a result, sensorimotor areas, including the left cerebellum, increase their activities after the sensitivity change. Moreover, after the change, activity significantly increases in the inferior parietal lobe (IPL) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), parts of the FPN regions. By contrast, the posterior cingulate cortex, a part of the default mode network, deactivates after the sensitivity change. Our results suggest that the neural bases found in previous experimental studies can serve as the foundation of adaptive driving behaviors. At the same time, this study also highlights the unique contribution of non-motor regions to addressing the high cognitive demands of driving.
• Role of anatomical insular subdivisions in interoception: interoceptive attention and accuracy have dissociable substrates.

  Yusuke Haruki, Kenji Ogawa

  The European journal of neuroscience 2021/02/23 [Refereed]
   

  Prior neuroimaging studies have supported the idea that the human insular cortex plays an important role in processing and representing internal bodily states, also termed "interoception." According to recent theoretical studies, interoception includes several aspects such as attention and accuracy. However, there is no consensus on the laterality and location of the insula to support each aspect of interoception. Thus, we aimed to identify the anatomical insular subdivisions involved in interoceptive attention and accuracy; we examined 28 healthy volunteers who completed the behavioral heartbeat counting task and interoceptive attention paradigm using functional magnetic resonance imaging. First, interoceptive attention induced significant activation in the bilateral frontal operculum, precentral gyrus, middle insula, middle cingulate cortex, and supplementary motor area. Then, we compared the activation in anatomically predefined insular subdivisions during interoceptive attention. The highest activation of the middle short gyrus was noted within the insular cortex, followed by the anterior short gyrus and posterior short gyrus, while no significant hemispheric differences were observed. Finally, the interoceptive accuracy index, measured using the heartbeat counting task, strongly correlated with the activity of the right dorsal anterior insula/frontal operculum. These findings suggest that interoceptive attention is associated with the bilateral dorsal mid-anterior insula, which supports the processing and representation of bodily signals. In contrast, the more dorsal anterior portion of the right insula plays a key role in obtaining accurate interoception.
• Effects of neurofeedback on the activities of motor-related areas by using motor execution and imagery.

  Huixiang Yang, Zhengfei Hu, Fumihito Imai, Yuxiang Yang, Kenji Ogawa

  Neuroscience letters 746 135653 - 135653 2021/01/20 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Previous studies have reported that real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neurofeedback using motor imagery can modulate the activity of several motor-related areas. However, the differences in these modulatory effects on distinct motor-related target regions using the same experimental protocol remain unelucidated. This study aimed to compare neurofeedback effects on the primary motor area (M1) and the ventral premotor cortex (PMv). Of the included participants, 15 received blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals from their left M1, and the other 15 received signals from their left PMv. Both groups were instructed to try to increase the neurofeedback score (NF-Score), which reflected the averaged activation level of the target region, by executing or imagining a right-hand clenching movement. The result revealed that during imagery condition, the left M1 was deactivated in the PMv-group but not in the M1-group, whereas the left PMv was activated in the PMv-group but not in the M1-group. Our finding indicates that neurofeedback from distinct motor-related regions has different effects on brain activity regulation.
• Sense of Agency Beyond Sensorimotor Process: Decoding Self-Other Action Attribution in the Human Brain.

  Ryu Ohata, Tomohisa Asai, Hiroshi Kadota, Hiroaki Shigemasu, Kenji Ogawa, Hiroshi Imamizu

  Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 30 (7) 4076 - 4091 2020/06/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  The sense of agency is defined as the subjective experience that "I" am the one who is causing the action. Theoretical studies postulate that this subjective experience is developed through multistep processes extending from the sensorimotor to the cognitive level. However, it remains unclear how the brain processes such different levels of information and constitutes the neural substrates for the sense of agency. To answer this question, we combined two strategies: an experimental paradigm, in which self-agency gradually evolves according to sensorimotor experience, and a multivoxel pattern analysis. The combined strategies revealed that the sensorimotor, posterior parietal, anterior insula, and higher visual cortices contained information on self-other attribution during movement. In addition, we investigated whether the found regions showed a preference for self-other attribution or for sensorimotor information. As a result, the right supramarginal gyrus, a portion of the inferior parietal lobe (IPL), was found to be the most sensitive to self-other attribution among the found regions, while the bilateral precentral gyri and left IPL dominantly reflected sensorimotor information. Our results demonstrate that multiple brain regions are involved in the development of the sense of agency and that these show specific preferences for different levels of information.
• Incongruence of grammatical subjects activates brain regions involved in perspective taking in a sentence-sentence verification task

  Toshiki Iwabuchi, Masato Ohba, Kenji Ogawa, Toshio Inui

  Journal of Neurolinguistics 55 100893  2020/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Long-term training-dependent representation of individual finger movements in the primary motor cortex.

  Ogawa K, Mitsui K, Imai F, Nishida S

  NeuroImage 202 116051  1053-8119 2019/07 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Common Neural System for Sentence and Picture Comprehension Across Languages: A Chinese-Japanese Bilingual Study.

  Hu Z, Yang H, Yang Y, Nishida S, Madden-Lombardi C, Ventre-Dominey J, Dominey PF, Ogawa K

  Frontiers in human neuroscience 13 380  2019 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Dorsal premotor cortex is related to recognition of verbal and visual descriptions of actions in the first-person perspective.

  Shibata H, Ogawa K

  Neuroscience letters 687 71 - 76 0304-3940 2018/09 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Temporal recalibration of motor and visual potentials in lag adaptation in voluntary movement

  Chang Cai, Kenji Ogawa, Takanori Kochiyama, Hirokazu Tanaka, Hiroshi Imamizu

  NeuroImage 172 654 - 662 1095-9572 2018/05/15 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Adaptively recalibrating motor-sensory asynchrony is critical for animals to perceive self-produced action consequences. It is controversial whether motor- or sensory-related neural circuits recalibrate this asynchrony. By combining magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional MRI (fMRI), we investigate the temporal changes in brain activities caused by repeated exposure to a 150-ms delay inserted between a button-press action and a subsequent flash. We found that readiness potentials significantly shift later in the motor system, especially in parietal regions (average: 219.9 ms), while visually evoked potentials significantly shift earlier in occipital regions (average: 49.7 ms) in the delay condition compared to the no-delay condition. Moreover, the shift in readiness potentials, but not in visually evoked potentials, was significantly correlated with the psychophysical measure of motor-sensory adaptation. These results suggest that although both motor and sensory processes contribute to the recalibration, the motor process plays the major role, given the magnitudes of shift and the correlation with the psychophysical measure.
• Narrative Constructions for the Organization of Self Experience: Proof of Concept via Embodied Robotics

  Anne-Laure Mealier, Gregoire Pointeau, Solene Mirliaz, Kenji Ogawa, Mark Finlayson, Peter F. Dominey

  FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY 8 1331  1664-1078 2017/08 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  It has been proposed that starting from meaning that the child derives directly from shared experience with others, adult narrative enriches this meaning and its structure, providing causal links between unseen intentional states and actions. This would require a means for representing meaning from experiencea situation modeland a mechanism that allows information to be extracted from sentences and mapped onto the situation model that has been derived from experience, thus enriching that representation. We present a hypothesis and theory concerning how the language processing infrastructure for grammatical constructions can naturally be extended to narrative constructions to provide a mechanism for using language to enrich meaning derived from physical experience. Toward this aim, the grammatical construction models are augmented with additional structures for representing relations between events across sentences. Simulation results demonstrate proof of concept for how the narrative construction model supports multiple successive levels of meaning creation which allows the system to learn about the intentionality of mental states, and argument substitution which allows extensions to metaphorical language and analogical problem solving. Cross-linguistic validity of the system is demonstrated in Japanese. The narrative construction model is then integrated into the cognitive system of a humanoid robot that provides the memory systems and world-interaction required for representing meaning in a situation model. In this context proof of concept is demonstrated for how the system enriches meaning in the situation model that has been directly derived from experience. In terms of links to empirical data, the model predicts strong usage based effects: that is, that the narrative constructions used by children will be highly correlated with those that they experience. It also relies on the notion of narrative or discourse function words. Both of these are validated in the experimental literature.
• Do eidetikers have higher visuo-spatial memory abilities?

  Ritsuko Nabata, Kenji Ogawa

  Shinrigaku Kenkyu 88 (3) 260 - 266 0021-5236 2017 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Eidetic imagery is a kind of mental visual imagery that is externally localized and literally "seen" by the eidetiker. Previous studies have not clarified whether eidetikers have enhanced visuo-spatial memory abilities. This study compared visuo-spatial short-term memory capacities between eidetikers and non-eidetikers who were matched in terms of age, gender, and visual imagery ability. We measured the memory capacity of nine eidetikers and 18 non-eidetikers in two memory tasks (Visual Pattern Test and Corsi Block Test) that differed in the mode of presentation of visual stimuli (simultaneous and sequential, respectively). Eidetikers performed better than noneidetikers on simultaneous tasks but performed similarly to non-eidetikers on sequential tasks. This study suggests that eidetikers are better at retaining stimuli presented simultaneously.
• Hand-independent representation of tool-use pantomimes in the left anterior intraparietal cortex

  Kenji Ogawa, Fumihito Imai

  EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 234 (12) 3677 - 3687 0014-4819 2016/12 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Previous neuropsychological studies of ideomotor apraxia (IMA) indicated impairments in pantomime actions for tool use for both right and left hands following lesions of parieto-premotor cortices in the left hemisphere. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA), we tested the hypothesis that the left parieto-premotor cortices are involved in the storage or retrieval of hand-independent representation of tool-use actions. In the fMRI scanner, one of three kinds of tools was displayed in pictures or letters, and the participants made pantomimes of the use of these tools using the right hand for the picture stimuli or with the left hand for the letters. We then used MVPA to classify which kind of tool the subjects were pantomiming. Whole-brain searchlight analysis revealed successful decoding using the activities largely in the contralateral primary sensorimotor region, ipsilateral cerebellum, and bilateral early visual area, which may reflect differences in low-level sensorimotor components for three types of pantomimes. Furthermore, a successful cross-classification between the right and left hands was possible using the activities of the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) near the junction of the anterior intraparietal sulcus. Our finding indicates that the left anterior intraparietal cortex plays an important role in the production of tool-use pantomimes in a hand-independent manner, and independent of stimuli modality.
• Single-trial prediction of reaction time variability from MEG brain activity

  Ryu Ohata, Kenji Ogawa, Hiroshi Imamizu

  SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 6 27416  2045-2322 2016/06 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Neural activity prior to movement onset contains essential information for predictive assistance for humans using brain-machine-interfaces (BMIs). Even though previous studies successfully predicted different goals for upcoming movements, it is unclear whether non-invasive recording signals contain the information to predict trial-by-trial behavioral variability under the same movement. In this paper, we examined the predictability of subsequent short or long reaction times (RTs) from magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals in a delayed-reach task. The difference in RTs was classified significantly above chance from 550 ms before the go-signal onset using the cortical currents in the premotor cortex. Significantly above-chance classification was performed in the lateral prefrontal and the right inferior parietal cortices at the late stage of the delay period. Thus, inter-trial variability in RTs is predictable information. Our study provides a proof-of-concept of the future development of non-invasive BMIs to prevent delayed movements.
• Spontaneous Facial Mimicry Is Enhanced by the Goal of Inferring Emotional States: Evidence for Moderation of "Automatic" Mimicry by Higher Cognitive Processes

  Aiko Murata, Hisamichi Saito, Joanna Schug, Kenji Ogawa, Tatsuya Kameda

  PLOS ONE 11 (4) e0153128  1932-6203 2016/04 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  A number of studies have shown that individuals often spontaneously mimic the facial expressions of others, a tendency known as facial mimicry. This tendency has generally been considered a reflex-like "automatic" response, but several recent studies have shown that the degree of mimicry may be moderated by contextual information. However, the cognitive and motivational factors underlying the contextual moderation of facial mimicry require further empirical investigation. In this study, we present evidence that the degree to which participants spontaneously mimic a target's facial expressions depends on whether participants are motivated to infer the target's emotional state. In the first study we show that facial mimicry, assessed by facial electromyography, occurs more frequently when participants are specifically instructed to infer a target's emotional state than when given no instruction. In the second study, we replicate this effect using the Facial Action Coding System to show that participants are more likely to mimic facial expressions of emotion when they are asked to infer the target's emotional state, rather than make inferences about a physical trait unrelated to emotion. These results provide convergent evidence that the explicit goal of understanding a target's emotional state affects the degree of facial mimicry shown by the perceiver, suggesting moderation of reflex-like motor activities by higher cognitive processes.
• Neural Substrates Related to Motor Memory with Multiple Timescales in Sensorimotor Adaptation

  Sungshin Kim, Kenji Ogawa, Jinchi Lv, Nicolas Schweighofer, Hiroshi Imamizu

  PLoS Biology 13 (12) e1002312  1545-7885 2015/12/08 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Recent computational and behavioral studies suggest that motor adaptation results from the update of multiple memories with different timescales. Here, we designed a model-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment in which subjects adapted to two opposing visuomotor rotations. A computational model of motor adaptation with multiple memories was fitted to the behavioral data to generate time-varying regressors of brain activity. We identified regional specificity to timescales: in particular, the activity in the inferior parietal region and in the anterior-medial cerebellum was associated with memories for intermediate and long timescales, respectively. A sparse singular value decomposition analysis of variability in specificities to timescales over the brain identified four components, two fast, one middle, and one slow, each associated with different brain networks. Finally, a multivariate decoding analysis showed that activity patterns in the anterior-medial cerebellum progressively represented the two rotations. Our results support the existence of brain regions associated with multiple timescales in adaptation and a role of the cerebellum in storing multiple internal models.
• Role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in recognizing hand actions performed in social contexts: a functional MRI study

  Hiroshi Shibata, Toshio Inui, Kenji Ogawa

  NEUROREPORT 24 (14) 803 - 807 0959-4965 2013/10 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  We investigated the role of the prefrontal areas in recognizing hand actions performed in social contexts. We used video clips depicting the interaction between two individuals: one person (requester) requested the other person to pass one of two objects. The other person (responder) then passed the object that was congruent to the request in the congruent condition or incongruent in the incongruent condition. Both requester and responder appeared on screen in the two-person condition and only the responder appeared in the one-person condition. Participants were required to observe the clips and to judge whether the responder's actions were congruent or incongruent. Functional MRI showed the incongruency effect in the prefrontal cortex. In particular, the brain areas including the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showed the interaction effect; the magnitude of activation in the incongruent condition was significantly higher than that in the congruent condition, but this difference was found only in the two-person condition. These results suggest that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex play an important role in the detection of incongruency between the requester's request and the responder's action depending on social contexts. (C) 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
• Human Sensorimotor Cortex Represents Conflicting Visuomotor Mappings

  Kenji Ogawa, Hiroshi Imamizu

  JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE 33 (15) 6412 - 6422 0270-6474 2013/04 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Behavioral studies have shown that humans can adapt to conflicting sensorimotor mappings that cause interference after intensive training. While previous research works indicate the involvement of distinct brain regions for different types of motor learning (e.g., kinematics vs dynamics), the neural mechanisms underlying joint adaptation to conflicting mappings within the same type of perturbation (e.g., different angles of visuomotor rotation) remain unclear. To reveal the neural substrates that represent multiple sensorimotor mappings, we examined whether different mappings could be classified with multivoxel activity patterns of functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Participants simultaneously adapted to opposite rotational perturbations (+90 degrees and -90 degrees) during visuomotor tracking. To dissociate differences in movement kinematics with rotation types, we used two distinct patterns of target motion and tested generalization of the classifier between different combinations of rotation and motion types. Results showed that the rotation types were classified significantly above chance using activities in the primary sensorimotor cortex and the supplementary motor area, despite no significant difference in averaged signal amplitudes within the region. In contrast, low-level sensorimotor components, including tracking error and movement speed, were best classified using activities of the early visual cortex. Our results reveal that the sensorimotor cortex represents different visuomotor mappings, which permits joint learning and switching between conflicting sensorimotor skills.
• A functional MRI study of a picture-sentence verification task: evidence of attention shift to the grammatical subject

  Toshiki Iwabuchi, Toshio Inui, Masato Ohba, Kenji Ogawa

  NEUROREPORT 24 (6) 298 - 302 0959-4965 2013/04 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Mapping the meaning of a sentence onto visual entities is a fundamental process of daily language use, but it is unclear how attention in the visual context influences sentence comprehension. Aiming to examine this problem, we conducted a picture-sentence matching experiment with scanning using functional MRI. In the experiment, a moving picture describing an event with two colored objects was presented on a screen. A visual cue was flashed at the position of an object's appearance just before the event presentation, and participants were instructed to pay attention to the visually cued object in the picture. They were then required to read a simple Japanese sentence and to verify whether it correctly described the previous event. To examine the effects of visual cueing, we defined two conditions on the basis of the relationship between the visually cued object in an event and the grammatical subject of the subsequent sentence. When comparing the conditions in which the visually cued object was incongruent with the grammatical subject to the congruent conditions, participants showed a lower hit rate, and the right frontal eye field, which is known to be the region related to attention shift, was more activated. These findings suggest that the attention was initially allocated to an object encoded as the grammatical subject in the process of linking the content of a sentence with a visual event. Therefore, the attention was shifted from the cued object to the other object under the conditions discussed above. NeuroReport 24:298-302 (C) 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
• Reference Frame of Human Medial Intraparietal Cortex in Visually Guided Movements

  Kenji Ogawa, Toshio Inui

  JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE 24 (1) 171 - 182 0898-929X 2012/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Visually guided reaching involves the transformation of a spatial position of a target into a body-centered reference frame. Although involvement of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) has been proposed in this visuomotor transformation, it is unclear whether human PPC uses visual or body-centered coordinates in visually guided movements. We used a delayed visually guided reaching task, together with an fMRI multivoxel pattern analysis, to reveal the reference frame used in the human PPC. In experiments, a target was first presented either to the left or to the right of a fixation point. After a delay period, subjects moved a cursor to the position where the target had previously been displayed using either a normal or a left-right reversed mouse. The activation patterns of normal sessions were first used to train the classifier to predict movement directions. The activity patterns of the reversed sessions were then used as inputs to the decoder to test whether predicted directions correspond to actual movement directions in either visual or body-centered coordinates. When the target was presented before actual movement, the predicted direction in the medial intraparietal cortex was congruent with the actual movement in the body-centered coordinates, although the averaged signal intensities were not significantly different between two movement directions. Our results indicate that the human medial intraparietal cortex uses body-centered coordinates to encode target position or movement directions, which are crucial for visually guided movements.
• Multiple neural representations of object-directed action in an imitative context

  Kenji Ogawa, Toshio Inui

  EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 216 (1) 61 - 69 0014-4819 2012/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Object-directed action consists of aspects that range from low-level kinematic patterns to high-level action goals. Although previous studies have suggested that the human mirror neuron system (MNS) is involved in understanding or imitating an observed action, it is unclear precisely which levels of action representation are reflected in MNS activity. In this study, we used an imitation-matching task, which is previously used in behavioral experiments for infants, and fMRI to reveal the neural basis for imitation of multiple representations of observed actions. In our experiment, two video footages showing a pen being grasped and placed into one of two cups were sequentially presented. The participants judged whether an actor's action in the first movie was correctly imitated by an imitator in the second movie, regarding the following four aspects: action goal, a means of manipulation, an effector used, and movement trajectory. Although identical sets of stimuli were presented, different brain regions were activated, depending on the matching judgments made by subjects between the two actions. The current study indicates that distinct brain regions are involved in recognition of multiple aspects of transitive actions, which is largely consistent with a visuomotor circuit of action production by the observer.
• Understanding interpersonal action coordination: an fMRI study

  Hiroshi Shibata, Toshio Inui, Kenji Ogawa

  EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 211 (3-4) 569 - 579 0014-4819 2011/06 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Coordination of actions according to the request of another person is frequently observed in daily life. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the neural mechanisms related to the processing of this type of interpersonal action coordination by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In the first experiment, participants viewed movie clips depicting two people (1st and 3rd person) involved in a joint-action situation: one person (passive agent) holding two objects asked the other person to take one object; the other person (active agent) then performing a congruent or incongruent action with regard to the request. fMRI results showed that the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and right cerebellum were more activated during the observation of incongruent actions than that of congruent actions. Greater activation in the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were also found in the same contrast after small volume correction (SVC). In the second experiment, in which only the active person appeared in the movie clip (single-action situation), no significant activation in the right IFG and right cerebellum was found, although greater activation in the right pSTS and the mPFC was found during the observation of the incongruent action than that of the congruent action after SVC. Our study suggests that the right IFG, which is assumed to be a part of the mirror neuron system, is involved in understanding interpersonal action congruency.
• Neural representation of observed actions in the parietal and premotor cortex

  Kenji Ogawa, Toshio Inui

  NEUROIMAGE 56 (2) 728 - 735 1053-8119 2011/05 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  We investigated the neural representation of observed actions in the human parietal and premotor cortex, which comprise the action observation network or the mirror neuron system for action recognition. Participants observed object-directed hand actions, in which action as well as other properties were independently manipulated: action (grasp or touch), object (cup or bottle), perspective (1st or 3rd person), hand (right or left), and image size (large or small). We then used multi-voxel pattern analysis to determine whether each feature could be correctly decoded from regional activities. The early visual area showed significant above-chance classification accuracy, particularly high in perspective, hand, and size, consistent with pixel-wise dissimilarity of stimuli. In contrast, the highest decoding accuracy for action was observed in the anterior intraparietal sulcus (alPS) and the ventral premotor cortex (PMv). Moreover, the decoder for action could be correctly generalized for images with high dissimilarity in the parietal and premotor region, but not in the visual area. Our study indicates that the parietal and premotor regions encode observed actions independent of retinal variations, which may subserve our capacity for invariant action recognition of others. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
• An fMRI Investigation of the Mental Perspective Shift in Language Comprehension

  Toshiki Iwabuchi, Masato Ohba, Toshio Inui, Kenji Ogawa

  ADVANCES IN COGNITIVE NEURODYNAMICS (II) 351 - 355 2011 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  It has been hypothesized that the subject, at the onset of a sentence, usually determines the perspective of the reader in sentence comprehension. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural basis underlying the mental perspective shift in sentence comprehension. Participants observed an event consisting of two objects, immediately after their perspective was guided to one particular object by a spatial cue. The participants then judged whether the displayed sentence correctly described the previous event. If the subject of the sentence did not match the reader's predetermined perspective, then a mental perspective shift should occur. We found that the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (d1PFC) showed greater activation under the invalid-cue conditions requiring the mental perspective shift. The right d1PFC might therefore subserve the mental perspective shift in sentence comprehension.
• The role of the posterior parietal cortex in drawing by copying

  Kenji Ogawa, Toshio Inui

  NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA 47 (4) 1013 - 1022 0028-3932 2009/03 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Impaired ability to draw visually presented figures by copying represents one major manifestation of constructional apraxia (CA). Previous clinical studies have indicated that CA is caused by lesions in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), but the functional roles of the PPC remain unclear. A spared ability to trace with an impaired ability to copy indicates that deficits lie not in low-level visuomotor processing, but rather in a coordinate transformation involving production of an egocentric representation of model trajectory in the drawing space, which is spatially separated from the model space. To test the hypothesis that the PPC plays a role in coordinate transformation, we compared brain activities for drawing by copying and tracing using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Healthy participants traced over the visually presented model or copied the model on a separate space. To avoid potential confounders of differences in behavioral performances as well as eye movements, a memory-guided condition was introduced, resulting in four drawing conditions; tracing over or copying a model at different locations (tracing and copying), with or without an on-screen model (visual and memory guidance). As hypothesized, the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) bilaterally in the PPC showed significantly greater activations in copying than in tracing, under both visual and memory guidance, with a distinct activation pattern involving the premotor and mesial motor regions. This study indicates a role of the PPC in coordinate transformation for drawing by copying, which may be important for the copying deficit observed in CA. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Syntactic processing of complex sentences in left lateral premotor cortex

  Kenji Ogawa, Toshio Inui, Masato Ohba

  NEUROREPORT 19 (8) 811 - 815 0959-4965 2008/05 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  We used functional MRI to investigate roles of left lateral premotor cortex in syntactic processing of complex sentences. Participants read left-branching (LB), center-embedded (CE), and active-conjoined (AC) sentences to determine noun-verb relationships. The main clause of CE sentences was interrupted by a relative clause, requiring noun-phrases to be maintained in the syntactic buffer until integration with verbs into sentences, whereas noun-phrases were sequentially assigned to verbs in LB/AC. Findings revealed selectively increased activation in the left premotor cortex for CE with no significant difference between LB and AC, indicating that left premotor activity is not related to general syntactic complexity, but is specific to processing of CE structure, requiring greater load in the syntactic buffer or integration cost.
• Lateralization of the posterior parietal cortex for internal monitoring of self-versus externally generated movements

  Kenji Ogawa, Toshio Inui

  JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE 19 (11) 1827 - 1835 0898-929X 2007/11 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Internal monitoring or state estimation of movements is essential for human motor control to compensate for inherent delays and noise in sensorimotor loops. Two types of internal estimation of movements exist: self-generated movements, and externally generated movements. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate differences in brain activity for internal monitoring of self- versus externally generated movements during visual occlusion. Participants tracked a sinusoidally moving target with a mouse cursor. On some trials, vision of either target (externally generated) or cursor (self-generated) movement was transiently occluded, during which subjects continued tracking by estimating current position of either the invisible target or cursor on screen. Analysis revealed that both occlusion conditions were associated with increased activity in the presupplementary motor area and decreased activity in the right lateral occipital cortex compared to a control condition with no occlusion. Moreover, the right and left posterior parietal cortex (PPC) showed greater activation during occlusion of target and cursor movements, respectively. This study suggests lateralization of the PPC for internal monitoring of internally versus externally generated movements, fully consistent with previously reported clinical findings.
• Neural basis of syntactic processing of simple sentences in Japanese

  Kenji Ogawa, Masato Ohba, Toshio Inui

  NEUROREPORT 18 (14) 1437 - 1441 0959-4965 2007/09 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  This study used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural basis underlying the sequential involvement of syntactic processing in the course of sentence comprehension. In experiments, a noun, case particle, and verb were presented one by one, constituting simple sentences in Japanese. Participants judged whether the sentence was syntactically correct (syntactic judgment) or whether the particle and verb had the same vowel (phonological judgment). During particle presentation, greater activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus was observed during syntactic judgment than during phonological judgment. Presentation of verbs subsequently activated the left dorsal prefrontal cortex and medial superior frontal areas in the same comparison. Our findings indicate that these regions are sequentially recruited in the syntactic processing of simple sentences in Japanese.
• Neural correlates of state estimation in visually guided movements: An event-related fMRI study

  Kenji Ogawa, Toshio Inui, Takeshi Sugio

  CORTEX 43 (3) 289 - 300 0010-9452 2007/04 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  State estimation of self-movement, based on both motor commands and sensory feedback, has been suggested as essential to human movement control to compensate for inherent feedback delays in sensorimotor loops. The present study investigated the neural basis for state estimation of human movement using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants traced visually presented curves with a computer mouse, and an artificial delay was introduced to visual feedback. Motor performance and brain activities during movements were measured. Experiment 1 investigated brain activations that were significantly correlated with visual feedback delay and motor error by parametrically manipulating visual feedback delay. Activation of the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) was positively correlated with motor error, whereas activation of the right temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) was observed only in the group with a smaller increase in motor error with increased visual feedback delay. Experiment 2 involved parametric analysis of motor performance while controlling mouse movement speed during the task. Activity in the right TPJ showed a significant positive correlation with motor performance under the delayed visual feedback condition. In addition, activity of the PPC was greater when motor error was presented visually. These results suggest that the PPC plays a significant role in evaluating visuomotor prediction error, while the TPJ is involved in state estimation of self-movement during visually guided movements.
• Role of left inferior frontal gyrus in the processing of particles in Japanese

  Toshio Inui, Kenji Ogawa, Masato Ohba

  NEUROREPORT 18 (5) 431 - 434 0959-4965 2007/03 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Particles are a crucial component of sentences in Japanese. They mainly follow nouns, and indicate their thematic role in the sentence, such as agent or patient. This study used functional MRI to investigate the neural basis of the processing of particles. We compared brain activity when participants were required to judge whether a presented character was a particle or whether the character as spoken ended with a specific vowel sound. Differential brain activity during particle judgment was found only in the left inferior frontal gyrus. We further confirmed that this activity was not a feature of categorical judgments in general. Our results indicate that the left inferior frontal gyrus is involved in the processing of thematic role indicated by Japanese particles.
• Separating brain regions involved in internally guided and visual feedback control of moving effectors: An event-related fMRI study

  Kenji Ogawa, Toshio Inui, Takeshi Sugio

  NEUROIMAGE 32 (4) 1760 - 1770 1053-8119 2006/10 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Online visual information of moving effectors plays important roles in visually guided movements. The present study used event-related functional resonance imaging to temporally separate neural activity associated with internally guided and visual feedback control of moving effectors. Using a cursor controlled by a computer mouse, participants traced curved lines on a screen. During this movement, vision of the moving cursor was occluded after tracing had begun and then was restored after variable intervals. The results showed that when visual feedback was unavailable, bilateral activation was significantly greater in the basal ganglia, thalamus, premotor cortex and mesial motor areas, peaking at the presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA). In contrast, when visual feedback was available, significantly greater activation was observed bilaterally in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and cerebellum and in the middle and inferior frontal gyri and occipito-temporal cortex in the right hemisphere. Pre-SMA activity was significantly negatively correlated with tracing error when visual feedback was unavailable. In contrast, right PPC activation showed a significant positive correlation with tracing error after visual feedback became available. These findings suggest that the pre-SMA is involved in internally guided movements in the absence of visual feedback, and that the PPC is related to visual feedback control by evaluating online visuomotor error. The current study clarifies the different functional roles of fronto-parietal and cerebellum circuits subserving visually guided movements regarding visual feedback control of effectors. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
• Neural correlates of semantic effects on grasping familiar objects

  T Sugio, K Ogawa, T Inui

  NEUROREPORT 14 (18) 2297 - 2301 0959-4965 2003/12 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  This study used event-related fMRI to explore the neural basis of semantic involvement when performing a visually guided grasping movement. Three types of object images were presented in random order: familiar objects with handles (FH+) familiar objects without handles (FH-) and geometrical objects with a handle-like part (GH+). Subjects were then instructed to configure an appropriate hand shape for grasping the object. Common activations were found for all event types when contrasted with baseline. Activation of the anterior part of the rostral cingulate motor area was detected for only the FH + condition and these results imply that the appropriate selection of multiple motor schemata took place in this region. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins.

Books etc

• 有斐閣現代心理学辞典

  子安, 増生, 丹野, 義彦, 箱田, 裕司 
  有斐閣 2021/02 (ISBN: 9784641002661) 996p, 図版 [18] p
• 時を編む人間 (北大文学研究科ライブラリ)

  田山忠行, 田山忠行 (Contributor第二章 学習する脳と時間)
  北海道大学出版会 2015/08 (ISBN: 4832933949) 274

  
• 認知心理学ハンドブック

  小川健二 (Contributor認知神経科学)
  有斐閣 2013/12
• 感覚・知覚・認識の基礎

  乾敏郎, 小川健二 (Contributor身体のイメージ)
  オーム社 2012
• 高次脳機能障害Q&A基礎編

  小川健二 (Contributor)
  新興医学出版社 2011
• よくわかる認知科学

  小川健二 (Contributor)
  ミネルヴァ書房 2010

Conference Activities & Talks

• 視覚イメージ鮮明性質問紙におけるイメージ生成方法の違いに関する一検討  [Not invited]

  今井史, 小川健二

  日本イメージ心理学会  2023/12
• Transcranial direct current stimulation improves the awake reactivation in the primary motor cortex

  Yang Y, Haruki Y, Niida M, Yamagata T, Ogawa K

  第7回ヒト脳イメージング研究会  2023/09
• 内受容感覚の性差：身体感覚・情動の未分化が女性の心拍知覚メタ認知の低下を予測する

  晴木祐助, 金子景, 小川 健二

  日本認知科学会第39回大会  2023/09
• Interoceptive attention modulates cognitive feeling in visual perception

  Haruki Y, Suzuki K, Ogawa K

  International Symposium on Predictive Brain and Cognitive Feelings  2023/07
• Decoding of neural representations involved in subjective bodily awareness  [Invited]

  Kenji Ogawa

  International Symposium on Predictive Brain and Cognitive Feelings  2023/07
• Neural substrates of top-down processing during perceptual duration-based and beat-based timing

  Niida M, Haruki Y, Imai F, Ogawa K

  29th annual meeting of The Organization for Human Brain Mapping  2023/06
• 運動や身体意識に関わる神経表象, 東京大学心理学研究室セミナー  [Invited]

  小川健二

  東京大学心理学研究室セミナー  2023/05
• 手に対する所有感の神経基盤を再考する：因果構造の整理と先行研究データの二次分析

  山縣豊樹, 水鳥翔伍, 小川健二

  日本生理心理学会第41回大会  2023/05
• 言語・非言語刺激から言語・非言語表象を生成する脳内基盤

  柴田寛, 小川健二

  電子情報通信学会ヒューマン情報処理研究会 (HIP)  2023/05
• 内受容感覚への注意とその知覚正確性に関わる神経基盤

  晴木祐助, 鈴木啓介, 小川健二

  日本発達神経科学会第11回大会  2022/11
• 運動の実技とイメージに共通した一次運動野の神経表象-表象類似性分析を用いた検討-

  今井史, 篠崎淳, 齊藤秀和, 長濱宏史, 櫻井佑樹, 長峯隆, 小川健二

  日本イメージ心理学会第23回大会  2022/11
• Visual motion imageryの鮮明性に球技経験が及ぼす効果の検討

  今井史, 小川健二

  北海道心理学会・東北心理学会 第13回合同大会  2022/11
• 持続時間ベース及びビートベースの知覚的タイミングにおけるトップダウン処理の神経基盤

  新井田光希, 晴木祐助, 今井史, 小川健二

  北海道心理学会・東北心理学会 第13回合同大会  2022/11
• 内受容感覚の感覚信号精度が視知覚の主観的確信度を変容させる

  晴木祐助, 鈴木啓介, 小川健二

  日本認知心理学会第20回大会  2022/10
• ヒトの運動や身体意識に関わる神経表象の解読  [Invited]

  小川健二

  第20回北海道大学脳科学研究教育センターシンポジウム  2022/10
• 胃と心臓の内受容感覚に関わる個人差とその脳内ネットワークの差異: fMRI研究

  晴木祐助, 鈴木啓介, 小川健二

  日本認知科学会第39回大会  2022/09
• Neural dynamics during experiencing different types of interoception

  Haruki Y, Suzuki K, Ogawa K

  The 25th edition of the ASSC meeting  2022/07
• 遅延聴覚フィードバック順応のカルマンフィルターモデル

  朝倉暢彦, 笹岡貴史, 小川健二, 乾敏郎

  電子情報通信学会ニューロコンピューティング研究会  2022/03
• 脳の中に「自他の重ね合わせ」は存在するか：哲学と認知神経科学の学際的アプローチ  [Not invited]

  本間祥吾, 山縣豊樹, 小川健二, 田口茂, 竹澤正哲

  日本人間行動進化学会第14回大会  2021/12
• Viscerotopy in the anterior insula? Multivoxel pattern analysis study for explicit interoception

  晴木祐助, 小川健二

  第5回ヒト脳イメージング研究会  2021/09
• ラバーハンド錯覚の主観的強度における個人差を定量化する試み - 階層的順序プロビット回帰モデルの適用による錯覚誘導「無反応者」の推定

  山縣豊樹, 水鳥翔伍, 市川加伊斗, 小川健二

  日本行動計量学会第49回大会  2021/08
• 「自他の重ね合わせ」は脳に表現されているか：現象学と脳機能イメージングによる学際的検討

  本間祥吾, 山縣豊樹, 小川健二, 田口茂, 竹澤正哲

  日本社会心理学62回大会  2021/08
• Plasticity of the premotor cortex for fMRI neurofeedback using motor execution  [Not invited]

  Yang Y, Yang H, Imai F, Ogawa K

  27th annual meeting of The Organization for Human Brain Mapping  2021/06
• 時間の長さ及びテンポの速さ判断時の脳活動  [Not invited]

  新井田光希, 晴木祐助, 今井史, 小川健二

  日本心理学会若手の会 異分野間恊働懇話会  2021/03
• 共感性と視点取得に関わる神経基盤と発達過程  [Invited]

  小川健二

  第10回社会神経科学研究会  2020/11
• 心的時間測定法、運動イメージの質問紙法 および時間感覚能力の関係性に関する検討

  楊惠翔, 今井史, 小川健二

  日本イメージ心理学会第21回大会  2020/11
• 運動実行と筋感覚運動イメージに共通した一次運動野の神経表象

  今井史, 篠崎淳, 齊藤秀和, 長濱宏史, 櫻井佑樹, 長峯隆, 小川健二

  日本イメージ心理学会第21回大会  2020/11
• 心-身-脳の関係を探る:内受容感覚の神経基盤にかかわる基礎的検討

  晴木祐助, 小川健二

  北海道大学第6回部局横断シンポジウム  2020/10
• 外的な聴覚刺激から内的な聴覚表象への変換に関わる脳内基盤：fMRI研究

  柴田寛, 小川健二

  日本心理学会第83会大会  2020/09

MISC

• MEGを用いたブレイン・マシン・インターフェースの基礎研究

  今水寛, 小川健二, 大畑龍  日本生体磁気学会誌  27-  (1)  12  -13  2014/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• The Brain Basis of Cognitive Processing Involving Mental Imagery : Neural Substrates of Self-and External Movement Imagery

  小川 健二  イメージ心理学研究  11-  (1)  25  -28  2013
• Separate neural substrates for two distinct rotational transformations in visuomotor learning

  小川健二, 今水寛  電子情報通信学会技術研究報告  112-  (232(MBE2012 36-44))  11  -16  2012/10/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Behavioral studies showed that humans can adapt to conflicting sensorimotor mappings that causes interference after intensive training. While previous researches indicate involvement of distinct brain regions for different types of motor learning (e.g. kinematics vs. dynamics), the neural mechanisms underlying joint adaptation to conflicting mappings within the same type of perturbation (e.g. different angles of visuomotor rotation) remain unclear. To reveal neural substrates that represent multiple sensorimotor mappings, we examined if different mappings can be classified with multi-voxel activity patterns of functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Participants simultaneously adapted to opposite rotational perturbations (+90 and -90 degrees) during visuomotor tracking. To dissociate differences in movement kinematics with rotation-types, we employed two distinct patterns of target motion and tested generalization of the classifier between different combinations of rotation- and motion-types. Results showed that the rotation-types were classified significantly above chance using activities in the primary sensorimotor cortex and the supplementary motor area as well as the anterior part of cerebellum, despite no significant differences in averaged signal amplitudes within the region. Our results reveal that the sensorimotor and cerebellar cortices represent different visuomotor mappings, which permits joint learning and switching between conflicting sensorimotor skills.
• Neural mechanisms underlying the processing of hierarchical structure in complex sentence comprehension : An fMRI study

  IWABUCHI Toshiki, INUI Toshio, OGAWA Kenji  Technical report of IEICE. Thought and language  111-  (428)  1  -6  2012/01/28  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Understanding complex sentences that have hierarchical embedded structures requires switching hierarchical clauses appropriately. We performed an experiment using functional magnetic resonance imaging in order to investigate how the brain processes such hierarchical structures and analyzed the data with dynamic causal modeling. The results showed that the left inferior frontal gyrus and the left posterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex interact in complex sentence comprehension. This indicates that the brain network that is composed of these regions is involved in the processing of hierarch...
• Cortical mechanisms underlying the processing of Japanese hierarchically embedded sentence structure

  Iwabuchi, T, Inui, T, Ogawa, K  The Fourth Annual Neurobiology of Language Conference  2012  [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• 複文の構造処理に関する神経ネットワークの検討：fMRI研究

  岩渕俊樹, 乾敏郎, 小川健二  日本認知心理学会第10回大会  2012  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Understanding of hand actions performed in social contexts: An fMRI study

  SHIBATA Hiroshi, INUI Toshio, OGAWA Kenji  IEICE technical report. Neurocomputing  110-  (388)  69  -74  2011/01/17  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  It is assumed that the mirror neuron system (MNS) plays a fundamental role in understanding actions of other individuals, because it represents observed actions in the observer's brain. Recent studies have shown that the MNS areas (e.g., inferior frontal gyms [IFG]) are related to high-level action understanding such as understanding of goals and intentions. In the current study, we investigated whether the activity in the MNS areas is modulated by the differences in the context of the observed interactions between other individuals. We used movie clips depicting the interaction between two...
• Neural representation of object-centered coordinates in humans : an fMRI study

  OGAWA Kenji, INUI Toshio  IEICE technical report. Neurocomputing  110-  (388)  75  -80  2011/01/17  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Several types of reference frames exist in the human brain. Previous neuropsychological case studies of hemi-neglect, in which the patient often neglects the right side of visually presented objects, have indicated the existence of neural representation of object-based coordinates in humans. The parieto-premotor regions, especially those of the right hemisphere, have consistently been reported as responsible for hemi-neglect. However, whether these areas represent visually presented stimuli in an object-centered reference frame remains unclear. We aimed to reveal neural representation of ob...
• Understanding of hand actions performed in social contexts: An fMRI study

  SHIBATA Hiroshi, INUI Toshio, OGAWA Kenji  IEICE technical report. Nonlinear problems  110-  (387)  69  -74  2011/01/17  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  It is assumed that the mirror neuron system (MNS) plays a fundamental role in understanding actions of other individuals, because it represents observed actions in the observer's brain. Recent studies have shown that the MNS areas (e.g., inferior frontal gyms [IFG]) are related to high-level action understanding such as understanding of goals and intentions. In the current study, we investigated whether the activity in the MNS areas is modulated by the differences in the context of the observed interactions between other individuals. We used movie clips depicting the interaction between two...
• Neural representation of object-centered coordinates in humans : an fMRI study

  OGAWA Kenji, INUI Toshio  IEICE technical report. Nonlinear problems  110-  (387)  75  -80  2011/01/17  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Several types of reference frames exist in the human brain. Previous neuropsychological case studies of hemi-neglect, in which the patient often neglects the right side of visually presented objects, have indicated the existence of neural representation of object-based coordinates in humans. The parieto-premotor regions, especially those of the right hemisphere, have consistently been reported as responsible for hemi-neglect. However, whether these areas represent visually presented stimuli in an object-centered reference frame remains unclear. We aimed to reveal neural representation of ob...
• Role of the inferior frontal gyrus in understanding hand actions performed in social contexts

  Hiroshi Shibata, Toshio Inui, Kenji Ogawa  NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH  71-  E386  -E386  2011  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ヒト物体中心座標の神経基盤の検証

  小川 健二, 乾 敏郎  日本認知心理学会第9回大会  2011  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 複文理解における階層処理に関わる脳領域の検討：fMRI研究

  岩渕 俊樹, 乾 敏郎, 小川 健二  日本認知心理学会第9回大会  2011  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Neural Representation of Space for Sound-Source Localization: An fMRI Study

  Takafumi Sato, Toshio Inui, Hiroshi Shibata, Kenji Ogawa  ADVANCES IN COGNITIVE NEURODYNAMICS (II)  357  -360  2011  [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Auditory perception is important in human spatial recognition as well as in visual perception. This is especially true for the space behind the body, where visual cues are not available. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate brain areas involved in processing of sound coming from different directions, including this back space. We positioned speakers at seven locations in the MRI scanner, and the subjects performed a sound localization task. Greater activation in the right superior parietal lobule (Broadmann area [BA] 7) and inferior parietal lobule (BA40) were observed when the sound was delivered from the right space compared with the left, indicating the involvement of these regions for sound localization of the right space. Activation in the right precentral gyrus (BA6) was also seen in the interaction of right/left and front/back, indicating the role of this region for sound processing of the right-front and left-back space.
• Decoding Action Selectivity of Observed Images Using fMRI Pattern Analysis

  Kenji Ogawa, Toshio Inui  ADVANCES IN COGNITIVE NEURODYNAMICS (II)  129  -133  2011  [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Previous research indicates that mirror neuron system (MNS), comprising posterior parietal (PPC) and ventral premotor (PMv) cortices, has a role in action understanding. However, action selectivity within these regions has not been elucidated. We investigated whether the MNS contains information about observed actions. Participants observed object-directed hand actions. We independently manipulated five dimensions of observed images: action (grasp/touch), object (cup/bottle), perspective (egocentric/allocentric), hand (right/left), and image size (large/small), and investigated whether this information could be decoded from multi-voxel pattern activity. The early visual area showed significant above-chance classification accuracy consistent with dissimilarity of input images. In contrast, significant decoding accuracy was observed for action, object, and mirror-image of hand in the PPC and for action and object in the PMv. Our study indicates that the MNS processes observed actions in a hierarchical manner, where the PPC represents action together with hand, and the PMv encodes more abstracted representations of transitive action.
• The shift of attention entailed in a shift of grammatical subject : An fMRI study

  IWABUCHI Toshiki, OHBA Masato, INUI Toshio, OGAWA Kenji  IEICE technical report. Natural language understanding and models of communication  110-  (245)  7  -12  2010/10/16  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  In speech or sentence comprehension, a grammatical subject is considered to correspond with the referent, which initially captures attention in a visual scene. In the present study, the visual attention of a participant was guided to a particular referent in a visual scene, and a sentence whose subject was different from the referent was subsequently presented. This allowed investigation of the brain regions involved in the shift of grammatical subject. Two experiments using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) showed activation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) un...
• The shift of attention entailed in a shift of grammatical subject : An fMRI study

  IWABUCHI Toshiki, OHBA Masato, INUI Toshio, OGAWA Kenji  Technical report of IEICE. Thought and language  110-  (244)  7  -12  2010/10/16  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  In speech or sentence comprehension, a grammatical subject is considered to correspond with the referent, which initially captures attention in a visual scene. In the present study, the visual attention of a participant was guided to a particular referent in a visual scene, and a sentence whose subject was different from the referent was subsequently presented. This allowed investigation of the brain regions involved in the shift of grammatical subject. Two experiments using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) showed activation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) un...
• Brain mechanisms of visuomotor transformation based on deficits in tracing and copying

  Kenji Ogawa, Chiyoko Nagai, Toshio Inui  JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH  52-  (2)  91  -106  2010/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The neural mechanisms underlying visuomotor transformation are examined based on deficits in tracing and copying, as well as functional neuroimaging studies. The developmental process of copying and tracing, as well as lesion studies with adults showing disability in drawing, are reviewed, then two experiments are introduced. In Experiment 1, a behavioral analysis of copying and tracing by individuals with Williams Syndrome (WS) was presented. In Experiment 2, the brain activity involved in copying and tracing was measured in normal adults using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Based on these findings, we propose a model of visuomotor transformation to explain the neural basis of tracing and copying, as well as to provide a possible neural mechanism underlying the copying deficits and closing-in phenomenon observed in WS.
• 文理解における心的イメージと視点変換：fMRI実験による検討

  岩渕 俊樹, 大庭 真人, 乾 敏郎, 小川 健二  日本認知心理学会第8回大会  2010  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 視覚運動変換における内側頭頂間溝の座標系の解明

  小川 健二, 乾 敏郎  日本認知心理学会第8回大会  2010  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Reference frame of the medial intraparietal sulcus in visually guided movements

  Kenji Ogawa, Toshio Inui  NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH  68-  E93  -E93  2010  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Neural basis of human cognitive development: from 9 to 24 months of age

  乾 敏郎, 永井 知代子, 小川 健二  心理学評論  53-  (2)  169  -195  2010  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 聴覚音源定位による脳内空間表現の検討：ｆＭＲＩ研究

  佐藤貴文, 乾敏郎, 柴田寛, 柴田寛, 小川健二  生体・生理工学シンポジウム論文集  24th-  61  -64  2009/09/24  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ｆＭＲＩによる文理解における内的視点変換の検討

  岩渕俊樹, 大庭真人, 乾敏郎, 乾敏郎, 小川健二  生体・生理工学シンポジウム論文集  24th-  81  -84  2009/09/24  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Neural representation of observed action in parieto-premotor cortex : an fMRI study with multi-voxel pattern analysis

  OGAWA Kenji, INUI Toshio  IEICE technical report. Nonlinear problems  109-  (124)  55  -60  2009/07/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Previous research indicates that posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and ventral premotor area (PMv) has a role in understanding of other's action. However, action selectivity that is critical for action understanding within these regions has not been elucidated. We investigated whether the parieto-premotor cortex contains information about observed actions using multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) over fMRI data. Participants observed object-directed hand actions. We independently manipulated multiple dimensions of observed images: action (grasp/touch), object (cup/bottle), perspective (egocen...
• Neural representation of observed action in parieto-premotor cortex : an fMRI study with multi-voxel pattern analysis

  OGAWA Kenji, INUI Toshio  IEICE technical report. Neurocomputing  109-  (125)  55  -60  2009/07/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Previous research indicates that posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and ventral premotor area (PMv) has a role in understanding of other's action. However, action selectivity that is critical for action understanding within these regions has not been elucidated. We investigated whether the parieto-premotor cortex contains information about observed actions using multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) over fMRI data. Participants observed object-directed hand actions. We independently manipulated multiple dimensions of observed images: action (grasp/touch), object (cup/bottle), perspective (egocen...
• 要求に反する手の動作の観察に関与する脳活動の検討：fMRI研究

  柴田 寛, 小川 健二, 乾 敏郎  日本認知心理学会第７回大会  2-  2009  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 後部頭頂皮質における観察した行為の神経表象

  小川 健二, 乾 敏郎  日本認知心理学会第７回大会  2009  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Neural basis of human cognitive development: over the first 8 months of life

  乾 敏郎, 小川 健二  心理学評論  52-  (4)  576  -608  2009  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 階層的な動作表象の認識に関わる神経基盤の検討

  小川健二, 乾敏郎, 乾敏郎  日本ロボット学会学術講演会予稿集(CD-ROM)  26th-  ROMBUNNO.1J1-02  2008/09/09  [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Processing of syntactic movement in sentence comprehension and production : an fMRI study

  OTSUKI Ryo, OGAWA Kenji, INUI Toshio  IEICE technical report. Neurocomputing  107-  (413)  61  -66  2008/01/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Switching the order of noun phrases in Japanese sentence does not change the meaning of the sentence. This is because language has two levels of representation. One is phonological structure for communicating with people. The other is semantic structure for comprehending the meaning of the language. Syntactic movement between these two structures enables humans to comprehend and product the various forms of language. We investigated brain regions related to syntactic movement in Japanese with fMRI. Results showed that the left inferior frontal gyrus(BA44/45) was significantly activated with...
• 自己視点と身体イメージに関するfMRI研究

  田中 茂樹, 乾 敏郎, 小川 健二, 中村 太戯留  第32回日本神経心理学会総会  2008  [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• なぞりと模写の神経機構 (1) fMRI研究

  小川 健二, 乾 敏郎  日本認知心理学会第6回大会  2008  [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• 自己視点の移動をともなうイメージ課題を用いた身体化と脱身体化の検討

  田中 茂樹, 乾 敏郎, 小川 健二, 中村 太戯留  日本認知心理学会第6回大会  2008  [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• なぞりと模写の神経機構 (2) ネットワークモデル

  乾 敏郎, 小川 健二  日本認知心理学会第6回大会  2008  [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• なぞりと模写の脳内メカニズム：closing-inへの示唆

  小川 健二, 乾 敏郎  日本赤ちゃん学会第8回学術集会  2008  [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Neural basis of hierarchical action representations for imitation: an fMRI study

  Ogawa, K, Inui, T  Society for Neuroscience, 38th Annual Meeting  2008  [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Neural Substrates for Inference of Other's Mind based on Perspective Taking and Information Suppression

  YOKOI Takashi, TAKEMURA Naohiro, OGAWA Kenji, INUI Tosio  IEICE technical report. Neurocomputing  107-  (263)  45  -50  2007/10/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Humans have an ability to infer other's mind called Theory of Mind (ToM), which is generally tested by a false belief task. Although many researches have reported activities of medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), posterior superior temporal sulcus/temporal parietal junction (pSTS/TPJ), and temporal pole (TP) when performing the false belief task, it has been problematic that different stimulus were used in each condition. Thus, activities of 3 regions may reflect cognitive function other than ToM. We retested activities of 3 regions with same stimulus between conditions in Experiment 1. Then, ...
• Properties of verbal self-monitoring under delayed auditory feedback

  Taguchi, A, Sasaoka, T, Ogawa, K, Inui, T  The 1st Asada synergistic intelligence symposium  2007  [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• 自己運動と外部運動の内的モニタリングに関わる神経基盤の違い：fMRI 研究

  小川 健二, 乾 敏郎  脳と心のメカニズム第8回夏のワークショップ  2007  [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• 言語獲得と運用の脳内基盤メカニズムの解明 (2) 構文の複雑さに依存した処理過程の検討

  大槻 亮, 乾 敏郎, 小川 健二, 大庭 真人  科研費特定領域研究第2領域 夏の領域会議  2007  [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• 共創知能機構

  乾 敏郎, 永井 知代子, 小川 健二  第25回日本ロボット学会学術講演会  2007  [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Neural correlates underlying internal monitoring of self-versus externally generated movements

  Ogawa, K, Inui, T  The 1st Asada synergistic intelligence symposium  2007  [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• 自己および他者視点からの推論機構の検討：fMRI研究

  横井 隆, 竹村 尚大, 小川 健二, 乾 敏郎  日本認知心理学会第5回大会  2007  [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• 基本語順文とかき混ぜ文の比較による格処理の神経基盤の検討

  大槻 亮, 森藤 大地, 小川 健二, 乾 敏郎  日本認知心理学会第5回大会  2007  [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• 動作模倣における動的な視覚運動マッチングに関わる神経基盤

  小川 健二, 乾 敏郎  日本認知心理学会第5回大会  2007  [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• 単文を用いた統語処理過程の検討:fMRI研究

  乾 敏郎, 小川 健二, 大庭 真人  日本認知心理学会第5回大会  2007  [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Neural correlates of dynamic visuomotor matching for meaningless gesture imitation

  Ogawa, K, Inui, T  The Society for Neuroscience, 37th annual meeting  2007  [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Lateralization of posterior parietal cortex for internal movement estimation of self vs. others : an fMRI study

  OGAWA Kenji, INUI Toshio  IEICE technical report. Neurocomputing  106-  (101)  13  -18  2006/06/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Internal estimation of movements is an essential component in human motor control. Movement estimation comprise two types: movement of self and movement of others. Here we investigated the neural correlates of movement estimation of the self versus others with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants tracked a target, which was moving sinusoidally on the screen, with a cursor controlled by a computer mouse. This task included a trial in which either the target (other) or the cursor (self) motion was visually occluded. The fMRI results revealed the activation in the pre-SMA...
• Neural correlates of movement prediction and effect of visual feedback in visually-guided movements : an fMRI study

  OGAWA Kenji, INUI Toshio, SUGIO Takeshi  IEICE technical report. Neurocomputing  104-  (586)  67  -72  2005/01/18  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  This study investigated the neural correlates of movement prediction and the effect of visual feedback in visually-guided movements with event-related fMRI. Participants traced visually-presented curves using a computer mouse. At movement onset, movement of mouse cursor was visually occluded, and after cessation of occlusion visual feedback was presented. fMRI results showed that the activations in basal ganglia, ventral premotor area (PMv) and presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA) were significantlly greater when visual feedback was occluded, and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and temporo...
• 視覚誘導運動における運動予測と視覚フィードバックの影響

  小川 健二, 乾 敏郎, 杉尾 武志  認知心大会論文  2005-  (0)  10  -10  2005  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Brain activation dependant on object structure at the posterior parietal cortex

  SUGIO Takeshi, OGAWA Kenji, INUI Toshio  IEICE technical report. Neurocomputing  104-  (139)  13  -18  2004/06/17  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Although the reach-to-grasp movement is a fundamental movement in all types of human behaviors, it is still not clear what visual properties of familiar objects are necessary for visuo-motor transformation. The present study investigated brain regions involved in the motor imagery involved in the reach-to-grasp movement using four types of familiar objects with different structural properties, and identified regions sensitive to each object. As a result, the activations of neural circuits in the posterior parietal cortex involved in the reach-to-grasp movement changed with respect to the ob...
• Neural correlates of movement prediction in visually-guided movements : an fMRI study

  OGAWA Kenji, INUI Toshio, SUGIO Takeshi  IEICE technical report. Neurocomputing  104-  (139)  19  -24  2004/06/17  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Human movement control has been suggested to use predictive control of self-movement, based on both motor commands and sensory feedback. This study investigated the neural basis for predictive control of human movements. Participants were instructed to trace visually presented curves, and an artificial delay was introduced to visual feedback. Brain activities during movement were measured using fMRI. Analysis of motor errors and brain activity revealed significant positive correlations between activity at the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and motor performance under delayed visual feedback...
• 自己運動の予測制御に関する神経回路の同定

  小川 健二, 乾 敏郎, 杉尾 武志, 田中 茂樹  認知心大会論文  2004-  (0)  33  -33  2004  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 幼児における構音の発達過程:—その1：幼児の言い誤りの定量的分析—

  乾 敏郎, 大庭 真人, 小川 健二, 天野 成昭, 近藤 公久  日本認知心理学会発表論文集  2004-  (0)  20  -20  2004  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Multiple action representations of familiar objects with handles: An fMRI study

  T Sugio, K Ogawa, T Inui  PERCEPTION  32-  61  -62  2003  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 視覚遅延フィードバックにおける運動制御とその神経基盤：fMRI研究

  小川 健二, 乾 敏郎, 杉尾 武志, 田中 茂樹  認知心大会論文  2003-  (0)  94  -94  2003  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 日常物体の把持運動に対する意味的影響の脳内基盤

  杉尾 武志, 小川 健二, 乾 敏郎  認知心大会論文  2003-  (0)  96  -96  2003  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  

Awards & Honors

• 2023/09 日本神経回路学会 優秀研究賞
  
• 2023/07 優秀発表賞, 日本認知心理学会
  
• 2017/02 計測自動制御学会システムインテグレーション部門講演会 優秀講演賞
  
• 2016/10 北海道心理学会 奨励賞
  
• 2014/03 国際電気通信基礎技術研究所 研究開発奨励賞
  
• 2010/05 日本認知心理学会 優秀発表賞
  

Research Grants & Projects

• 知覚像はどこまで自由に操れるのか：知覚像制御の心的過程と脳内基盤の解明

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業

  Date (from‐to) : 2023/04 -2027/03 

  Author : 高橋 康介, 小川 健二, 北川 智利, 金子 沙永
• 脳状態可視化に基づく内受容注意モニタリングシステム開発とマインドフルネスへの応用

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 挑戦的研究(萌芽)

  Date (from‐to) : 2022/06 -2025/03 

  Author : 小川 健二

   

  本研究は、被験者自身の内受容注意に関わる脳活動を可視化して本人にフィードバックすることで、効果的な脳のセルフコントロール・システムを提案する。身体内部からの情報を伝える感覚(内受容感覚)は、特に感情・情動やメンタルヘルス等との関連が示されている。マインドフルネスでは、現在の自分の身体内部感覚（呼吸や心拍）に注意(内受容注意)を向ける (body scan)ことで、外的なストレスへの 効果的な対処を図っており、心理臨床現場でもその効果が実証されている。しかし運動訓練等とは異なり、内受容注意の程度、すなわち自身の脳活動変化を観察することはできないため、どのような方略を取れば効果的であるのかが明確でないという問題点がある。そこで本研究はリアルタイムfMRIを使い、内受容注意時の自身の脳活動を可視化し本人にフィードバックすることで、自身の脳状態を把握した効果的な脳のセルフコントロール・システムの開発と応用を目指す。本提案では脳の島皮質に着目する。島皮質は大脳皮質が島のように内側に折り畳まれている箇所であり、視床から内臓感覚などの身体内部に関する感覚(内受容感覚)を前頭葉へと中継する場所である。またfMRIを使った研究からも、内受容注意により、島皮質の活動が増加する点が明らかになっている。実験では、被験者にMRI装置に横たわった状態で内受容注意課題を行ってもらう。具体的には、軽く目を空けた状態で自分の現在の身体感覚(呼吸や心拍など)に注意を向ける。その際の島皮質の活動をfMRIで計測し、その結果を本人に対してリアルタイムで棒グラフや数値等で分かりやすく視覚呈示でフィードバックする。
• 経頭蓋電気刺激による安静時脳活動の操作と運動学習能力の制御

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B)

  Date (from‐to) : 2021/04 -2024/03 

  Author : 小川 健二
• 身体イメージを基礎とする社会的認知過程の自由エネルギー原理による統一的理解

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A)

  Date (from‐to) : 2019/04 -2023/03 

  Author : 乾 敏郎, 小川 健二, 笹岡 貴史, 朝倉 暢彦

   

  身体の線画の心的回転課題における反応時間の個人差と、内受容感覚の感度を測定する心拍弁別課題の関係を調べた。その結果、内受容感覚の感度が高い人ほど、正立した線画において、正面像と背面像との間の反応時間の差が小さく、VBM解析から左頭頂間溝の体積が大きいことが分かった。つぎに自己身体イメージに対する評価と内受容感覚の関係について調べた。その結果、内受容感覚への気づきの多次元的アセスメントの第1主成分得点と否定的な身体イメージおよび内受容感覚の感度の間に弱い正の相関が見られ、肯定的なイメージの間に弱い負の相関が見られた。また不快さ、快適さなどの身体感覚に関する気づき得点、身体感覚への注意を保ちコントロールする能力、身体感覚に注意を向けることで苦痛を調整する能力などと内受容感覚の感度の間に弱い正の相関が見られた。 次に視点取得機能の脳内ネットワークモデルを構築した。モデルでは下前頭回のミラーニューロンによって他者の対象中心表現と姿勢が決定されTPJと頭頂前庭皮質に伝えられ、内的な移動のシミュレーションが実行される。今後は内受容感覚との統合モデルを検討する。次にTPJの中で視覚的視点取得と心の理論のTPJにおける活動ピーク位置に違いが見られるのかについて同一被験者で検討した。TPJにおけるピーク位置を個人毎に比較した結果、左右半球ともに心の理論は視覚的視点取得に比べて、有意に前方かつ背側に位置していた。ところでⅠ型視覚視点取得が3才9ヶ月でも可能なのは、床面が水平である場合、視覚野を通じ遠近情報をなくして、あたかも上から見た立体図が得られる仕組みが自動的に働いているためではないかと考えられる。この仮説が立証されるかを実験で検証した。その結果、この仮説が支持された。
• A new framework for perceptual and cognitive processing through active multisensory integration

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

  Date (from‐to) : 2019/06 -2022/03 

  Author : INUI Toshio

   

  We clarified various characteristics of the integration process of interoceptive, exteroceptive and proprioceptive sensations through behavioral experiments, questionnaire surveys, brain activity measurements (using fMRI), and physiological measurements, such as electromyography and electrocardiography. The new free energy principle (FEP) framework successfully explained the integration mechanism of multisensory information. The same framework explained the individual differences and properties of certain disease systems.
• Effects of thinking training using graphical representations on spatial intelligence and its objective evaluation

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

  Date (from‐to) : 2019/04 -2022/03 

  Author : Sugio Takeshi

   

  The present study sought to determine what visual attributes are associated with global reading, whether it is possible to determine from objective measures such as eye movements that global reading is taking place, and the neural basis of semantic processing for graphical representations. The results revealed that global reading dominated when the multiple visual attributes that make up the graphical representation evoke common emotions among each other. Next, it was shown that differences in the extent of attention to visual stimuli can be quantified by an index derived from eye movement patterns. Finally, fMRI experiments revealed that semantic processing for graphical representations occurs in the left inferior parietal lobule.
• Investigation of neural correlates connecting prediction error with sense of agency

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

  Date (from‐to) : 2018/04 -2021/03 

  Author : Imamizu Hiroshi

   

  When humans usually move their bodies, they get a sense of agency (the subjective awareness that one is excusing and controlling one’s actions). Many studies have suggested that sensory prediction error affects a sense of agency during movements. However, little is known about how prediction error is processed to yield a sense of agency. Our research project probed this process with a psychological experiment, a mathematical model, and intervention of brain activity. We revealed that the accumulation of prediction error is critical for the judgment of a sense of agency. Our mathematical model based on Bayesian inference can account for this process. Furthermore, we found a possibility that an increase in the right parietal lobe activity leads to an increase in discriminability in the sense of agency.
• 多感覚の表象に基づく言語の理解と表出に関わる脳機能モデルの構築

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C)

  Date (from‐to) : 2018/04 -2021/03 

  Author : 柴田 寛, 小川 健二

   

  感覚刺激（動物の写真と鳴き声）および言語刺激（文字と音声）を用いて、これらを内的に生成する過程を解明するためのふたつのfMRI実験を実施した。視覚刺激（写真と文字）を使用した実験では、4つの実験条件（①写真刺激から写真表象を生成、②写真刺激を変換して文字表象を生成、③文字刺激から文字表象を生成、④文字刺激を変換して写真表象を生成）に⑤統制条件を加えた実験課題を設定した。結果、4つの実験条件に共通して、左右後頭葉/側頭葉後部、左頭頂葉、左下前頭回/中前頭回において有意な活動上昇がみられた（統制条件との比較）。「変換なし条件（①③）」では「変換あり条件（②④）」に比べて、左右後頭葉/側頭葉後部、左右上側頭回前部/ローランド溝弁蓋、右縁上回での有意な活動上昇がみられた。聴覚刺激（鳴き声と音声）を使用した実験では、4つの実験条件（①鳴き声刺激から鳴き声表象を生成、②鳴き声刺激を変換して音声表象を生成、③音声刺激から音声表象を生成、④音声刺激を変換して鳴き声表象を生成）に⑤統制条件を加えた実験課題を設定した。結果、4つの実験条件に共通して、後頭葉、左右側頭葉上部（側頭極含む）、左上頭頂小葉/角回を含む領域に有意な活動上昇がみられた（統制条件との比較）。視覚関連領野の活動がみられたことから、聴覚刺激の入力から、聴覚表象だけでなく視覚表象も内的に生成していた可能性を示唆する。「変換あり条件（②④）」では「変換なし条件（①③）」に比べて、左上頭頂小葉、左中心前回/中前頭回、帯状回中部/補足運動野での有意な活動上昇がみられた。これらの領域は提示された聴覚刺激を内的に変換して別の聴覚表象を生成する過程に関与していると考えられる。ふたつの実験結果から、類似の課題であっても感覚の種類によって活動パターンが大きく異なることが示された。
• Development of self- from bodily self to the representation of self-other distinction

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

  Date (from‐to) : 2017/04 -2021/03 

  Author : 明和 政子, 乾 敏郎, 小川 健二

   

  ヒト特有の社会的知性の根幹は，「他者について直接知覚した状態とその背後にある心的状態を自己のそれと分離表象する能力（自他分離表象）」にある．私たちは，身体と環境との相互作用経験が自他表象の分離を創発，発達させ，それを基盤としてヒト特有の社会的認知システムが構築されると予測するが，自他分離表象が起こる動的プロセスについてはいまだ科学的理解は進んでいない．本研究は，ヒト乳幼児と成人を対象とした実証研究を行い，成人の認知モデルを軸に，自他分離表象がどのように創発，発達していくのかを，観測―モデル化－シミュレーション実験により解釈し，自他分離表象の創発モデルを構築することを目的としている． 当該年度は，「自己―他者視点の相互変換時の脳内ネットワーク解明」に関する課題を遂行した．児童期の子どもを対象とした視点取得課題を考案し，fMRIを用いてその脳構造・機能的変化の計測を行った．また，implicit（知覚・無意識的）－explicit （認知・意識的）な誤信念理解および他者の心的状態に対する共感についての発達プロセスを明らかにするfMRI実験にも着手した．データの収集は当初予定をはるかに上回るスピ―ドで遂行することができ，本年度中に完了した． その一部成果については，研究代表者が主催した日本発達神経科学学会第８回学術集会，およびBar=Ilan University, University of Portsmouth，CIFER-IRCN国際セミナー等での招待講演で発表してきた．現在，国際学術誌投稿に向けた準備を進めているところである．
• Inverse investment effect of attention

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

  Date (from‐to) : 2017/04 -2020/03 

  Author : Kawahara Jun-ichiro

   

  The present study examined whether top-down cognitive control could modulate three sub-component of attention (i.e., orienting, interference control, and arousal). We implemented an attention-network test while requiring participants to invest their all might or half cognitive effort. Behavioral performance successfully reflected participants' intention in that orienting was delayed when participants invested only a half of their effort. However,region of interest analyses on the fMRI data revealed no activation at the predicted sights related to the spatial disengagement of attention. An alternative project that explored active suppression of a specific visual feature progressed successfully. We also extended a new line of research regarding the contrast of meta-cognition of visual search and concealment. The latter study identified five strategies including salience of target feature, temporal remoteness, approachability, recency, and randomness.
• Influence of resting state brain activity and neurofeedback on motor learning

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A)

  Date (from‐to) : 2017/04 -2020/03 

  Author : Ogawa Kenji

   

  This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the resting-state brain activity and motor learning using fMRI. The visuomotor tracking was used in the MRI scanner as a motor learning task. We first trained the classifier to discriminate between motor learning trials versus control trials using the activation patterns within the primary sensorimotor cortex, then applied the trained classifier to the resting-state activity before/after the motor learning sessions. The result showed a significant increase in the number of volumes classified as the task in the post-learning rest-period compared with those for the pre-learning period. Our finding revealed the reactivation of task-related patterns in the primary sensorimotor cortex for visuomotor learning. In addition, we provided the similarity of activities with the motor learning period as a neurofeedback score and found an increase in similarity during the neurofeedback period.
• Eidetic memory in children: A developmental cognitive neuroscience study

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)

  Date (from‐to) : 2017/06 -2019/03 

  Author : Moriguchi Yusuke, Ogawa Kenji, Yamaguchi Masanori

   

  Eidetic imagery refers to "seeing” an object that is no longer objectively present. The present study examined the developmental changes of population who experience of eidetic imagery during childhood and its biological basis. Results revealed that a) we created an evaluation method to non-verbally identify whether a person experiences eidetic imagery, b) neural basis of eidetic imagery using fMRI, and c) age-related decline of children who experience eidetic imagery.
• Neural mechanisms inducing plasticity on body representations

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

  Date (from‐to) : 2014/07 -2019/03 

  Author : Imamizu Hiroshi, KATO Motoichiro, SHIBUYA Satoshi, OGAWA Kenji, ASAI Tomohisa, OKIMURA Tsukasa, YAMASHITA Yuichi, SHIGEMASU Hiroaki, KADOTA Hiroshi, YAMASHITA Masahiro, CAI Chang, OHATA Ryu, MOCHIZUKI Kei, YOSHIDA Masatoshi, IMAIZUMI Syu

   

  When humans normally move their bodies, they get sense of agency (the subjective awareness that one is excusing and controlling one’s own actions) and sense of body ownership (the awareness that one is the owner of an action or movement). Senses of agency and body ownership constitute bodily self-awareness. Our research project found that neural substrates for bodily self-awareness mainly exist in neural networks connecting the inferior parietal lobe and the inferior frontal gyrus in the right cerebral hemisphere. This finding was obtained by our behavioral experiments, measurements of brain activity, and non-invasive brain stimulation in normal human subjects as well as our analysis of neural networks in schizophrenic patients with altered bodily self-awareness. We also revealed neural mechanisms of sensory suppression, which is the basis of bodily self-awareness, by recoding activity of individual neurons in monkeys.
• Investigation of finger movement abilities based on individual cortical sensorimotor map and manipulation with neurofeedback.

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research

  Date (from‐to) : 2016/04 -2018/03 

  Author : Ogawa Kenji

   

  This study aimed to investigate the relationship between individual finger movement abilities and their cortical sensorimotor map. In our experiment, participants performed individual finger-tapping of four digits (index, middle, ring, and little fingers), which was visually cued by a single Japanese character. Synchronized with the timing of this visual cue, the subjects made repeated tapping movements with the same finger 12 times, once for every second. Our results showed that the individual piano experience affects the multi-voxel pattern activities in the primary sensorimotor cortex. Furthermore, the neurofeedback was used to increase the activities in the primary sensorimotor cortex to enhance the motor learning.
• Brain information processing shared in eidetic image and synesthesia

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

  Date (from‐to) : 2015/04 -2018/03 

  Author : Matsuoka Kazuo, KAWACHI Youshke, SON Yoruwan, OGAWA Kenji, PRIMA OKY,DICKY, IMABUCHI Takashi, MORIKAWA Mihoko

   

  The present research concerning eidetics and synesthesia yielded the following new findings. (1) The identification tests of eidetikers and synesthetes among Japanese collage students showed that the ratio of synesthetes within eidetikers was approximately 50%, synesthetes with eidetics were mostly localizer type, and eidetikers and synesthetes showed higher scores of imagination related questionnaires (VVIQ, OSlQ, CEQ). (2) Neuroimaging data (VBM and resting state fMRI) suggested that eidetikers had a specific brain structure and a functional connectivity network. In fNIRS studies, eidetikers showed stronger activation of occipital early visual areas during visualizing tasks. (3) In addition, eidetikers shows a perceptual peculiarity in imaging: that is 'eidetic smooth pursuit eye movement' occurring without real moving stimulus or a specific response to the task visualizing imaginary digit sequences. Based on these findings, a model of the related neurocognitive bases was proposed.
• The role of executive function in the flexible reading of the diagrams

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

  Date (from‐to) : 2015/04 -2018/03 

  Author : Sugio Takeshi

   

  Reading a diagram in a flexible manner requires the utilization of the conventional knowledge about the diagram for deriving its meaning. In the present study, we investigated how both visual attention and cognitive control are involved in the perception and the cognition of the diagrams at both a global and a local level. In addition, we explored the neural mechanisms of global reading of the diagrams by using fMRI. As a result, we found that the category-specific knowledge of the diagrams indeed influenced both the global and the local processing of the diagrams. Moreover, the brain activation showed that inhibitory control was involved in the global processing of the diagrams. These results suggest that the role of conventional knowledge in the flexible reading of the diagrams, and it is necessary to consider how to apply such principle to a diagram design.
• Investigation of neural mechanisms for sense of agency by using neurofeedback

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research

  Date (from‐to) : 2014/04 -2016/03 

  Author : OGAWA Kenji

   

  This study aimed to investigate the neural mechanisms of sensorimotor control and associated changes in sense of agency by using neurofeedback. First, a setup of real-time processing as well as feedback presentation system of fMRI was made to a newly introduced MRI machine within our research center. Using this real-time system, fMRI neurofeedback experiments were conducted, in which the participants regulated their brain activation patterns guided by with their neurofeedback score. This study showed that the participants could regulate their brain activity of the sensorimotor cortex involved in motor learning and sense of agency.
• ヒト身体像を構成する神経表象の解明とミラーニューロンシステム仮説の検証

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 特別研究員奨励費

  Date (from‐to) : 2011 -2013 

  Author : 小川 健二

   

  ヒトは,自らの身体状態のイメージ(身体像)を脳内で動的に推定しており,さらに自己の身体像は他者認知の基盤ともなっていると考えられる(ミラーニューロンシステム仮説).また身体像は,日々変化する環境,あるいは身体や道具の特性に適応する必要があり,このためには運動指令や環境変化を予測可能な脳内の内部モデルの学習が不可欠である.そこで本研究は,このような身体像の基盤となる内部モデルの神経表象を明らかにするため,ヒトが2種類の感覚運動変換に適応した後の脳活動を機能的磁気共鳴画像法(functional MRI)で計測し,それぞれの変換条件を表象する脳部位の特定を試みた. 先行研究から,ヒトは複数の運動スキルを同時並行的に学習可能な点が示されているが,これは個々のスキルに対応した複数の内部モデルが脳内に獲得されているものと考えられる.実験ではジョイスティックを使った視覚トラッキングを用い,実験参加者は2種類の相反する回転変換(+90度または-90度)に同時適応した.そして,運動中のfMRI活動に対してマルチボクセルパターン分析(MVPA)を用い,変換条件が識別可能か検討した.また回転変換条件と,低次の運動キネマティクスとの違いを明示的に区別するため,2種類のターゲット軌跡パターンを設け,異なる変換条件と軌跡パターンの組合せに対する識別器の汎化精度を調べた.結果から,感覚運動野,補足運動野,および小脳前部の活動パターンを使って回転変換の識別が可能であった.本研究から,感覚運動関連野および小脳で異なる感覚運動マッピングが表象されていることが明らかとなった.
• ヒト身体像を構成する神経表象の解明とミラーニューロンシステム仮説の検証

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 研究活動スタート支援

  Date (from‐to) : 2010 -2011 

  Author : 小川 健二

   

  ヒトは,運動にともなって時々刻々と変化する自らの身体状態(あるいは身体像)を,脳内で内的に推定していると考えられる.このような内的な身体表象は,自己の運動指令や多種の感覚フィードバック情報を統合することにより,脳内で動的かつ統一的に保持や更新がなされる必要がある.本研究では,このようなヒト脳内の身体像を明らかにするため,ヒトの非侵襲脳機能計測法である脳磁図(MEG),および機能的核磁気共鳴画像法(fMRI)を使って,ヒトが運動を行っている際の脳活動を解析した.MEGとfMRIを組み合わせることで,時空間的に詳細な分析が可能である.本年度では,まず単純な手の運動を使って実験を行った.具体的に被験者には,スクリーン上に提示されたターゲットに対して,腕を使ったポインティング運動を行ってもらった.そして,その際の脳活動を計測し,運動実行時および運動前の準備段階での活動から,運動の方向を予測することを試みた.また,視覚座標系(スクリーンのターゲット位置)と運動座標系(手の運動方向)とを実験的に分離するため,被験者の腕を90度回転させた状態で同様の運動を行ってもらい,脳活動から予測された運動方向に対する影響を検討した.予備的結果から,脳部位に応じて異なる座標系(視覚と運動)の関与を明らかにすることができた.今後,これらの座標系がどのように動的に統合されて身体像が形成され,自己の運動制御,さらには他者の動作認知へと利用されているのかを検討する予定である.
• ヒトの運動制御における動的な身体の状態推定機構の解明

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 特別研究員奨励費

  Date (from‐to) : 2006 -2007 

  Author : 小川 健二

   

  本研究は,ヒトの巧みで正確な運動制御を実現する脳内の状態推定機構の解明を行った.ヒトが脳で生成した運動指令を末梢の効果器(身体)へと伝える遠心性経路,また効果器あるいは外界の状態を感覚情報として中枢へと伝える求心性経路には,遅延やノイズといった生体固有の制約があるため,それを補償する予測的制御が必要である.さらには実際の運動によって得られる感覚フィードバック情報を利用して,内的予測を適切に修正する必要がある.このような内的予測と感覚フィードバック情報とを動的に統合して身体の状態予測制御を実現する脳内メカニズムについて,本研究は機能的核磁気共鳴画像法(fMRI)を用いて検討した.実験では,視覚呈示された曲線のトレーシング運動((1)),またはターゲットのトラッキング運動((2))を行い,視覚フィードバックに遮断と呈示という操作を加え,その際の実験協力者の行動データ,および脳活動を分析した.主な研究成果は下記の2点である. (1)視覚フィードバック呈示後の視空間的な運動誤差と右頭頂間溝の活動に正の相関が見られ,この部位がオンラインの視覚フィードバックに基づく誤差評価に関連する点が明らかとなった.さらに視覚フィードバック遮断中の運動パフォーマンスと前補足運動野の活動に正の相関が見られ,この部位が視覚情報が得られない際の内的な視覚運動イメージ化に関わる点が示唆された. (2)自己運動と外部運動に共通して視覚遮断中に前補足運動野の活動が見られ,この部位が遮断対象の動作主に関わらない視覚運動イメージ化に関連することが示唆された.また自己運動,および外部運動の視覚フィードバック遮断中には,それぞれ左下頭頂小葉と右上/下頭頂小葉の活動が見られた.この結果から,視覚遮断に対する内的推定過程において,自己運動と外部運動とでは頭頂葉の側性が存在する点を明らかにした.

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