Researcher Profile and Settings

Affiliation

• Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere　Forest Research Station　Tomakomai Experimental Forest

Job Title

• Professor

URL

http://kaken.nii.ac.jp/d/r/80545624.ja.html

J-Global ID

• 201301030913405860

Research Interests

• 動物ー植物相互作用   野外操作実験   生物多様性   群集生態学   気候変動   フェノロジー   モニタリング   

Research Areas

• Life sciences / Forest science
• Life sciences / Ecology and environmental science

Academic & Professional Experience

• 2020/10 - Today Hokkaido University
• 2013/04 - 2020/09 北海道大学北方生物圏フイールド科学センター 森林圏ステーション 准教授
• 2009/04 - 2013/03 北海道大学北方生物圏フイールド科学センター 森林圏ステーション 助教
• 2007/04 - 2009/03 日本学術振興会 北海道大学 苫小牧研究林 特別研究員(PD)
• 2005/04 - 2007/03 自然環境研究センター 嘱託職員

Education

• 2000/04 - 2004/03  京都大学大学院
• 1998/04 - 2000/03  北海道大学大学院
• 1994/04 - 1998/03  帯広畜産学部

Association Memberships

• Basic and Applied Ecology   JAPANESE SOCIETY OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY   THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN   

Research Activities

Published Papers

• Referenced conditions for EcoPlate experiments to measure the multifunctionality of forest soil microbial communities in Wakayama Experimental Forest

  Terada Chisato, Nakamura Masahiro, Zhu Shiyao, Iguchi Hikaru, Takaki Atsushi, Matsui Kazuaki, Shibata Hideaki

  Japanese Journal of Forest Environment 森林立地学会 64 (2) 83 - 90 0388-8673 2022/12/25 

  炭素は微生物の増殖に関わる重要な元素であるため，炭素基質の利用に関わる機能（機能の多様性と多機能性）の違いは土壌微生物群集を特徴づける指標となる。土壌微生物群集の機能の多様性と多機能性を評価するために，群集レベルでの炭素基質利用機能の生理的プロファイリング法（CLPP：Community level physiological profiles）が用いられている。森林の土壌微生物群集の機能を測定するCLPP手法の一つとして，BIOLOG^TM社が開発したエコプレートがある。本研究では，森林土壌を扱ったエコプレート実験を始めようと考えている様々な立場の方々（高校教員，大学生，一般市民，研究者）に，参考となる測定条件の情報を提供することを目的とした。参考となる土壌深度，希釈倍率，風乾期間，吸光度の測定期間を解明するために，和歌山県の典型的な照葉樹二次林の褐色森林土を使って異なる測定条件でエコプレート実験を行った。その結果，本調査地においては表層から10 cm程度の土壌層から土壌を採集して，風乾はせずに（やむを得ない場合，測定まで4 ℃程度の冷蔵庫で保管），抽出液は50倍，100倍，200倍の希釈倍率の間で，吸光度の測定は10～14日間かけて実施することが，土壌微生物群集の機能の多様性と多機能性を正確に評価できる妥当な条件であることを示した。
• Preface: “Idea Paper” for sharing diverse research ideas

  Takeshi Miki, Masahiro Nakamura, Hiroko Kurokawa, Kazuaki Matsui

  Ecological Research 37 (4) 450 - 454 0912-3814 2022/07
• Evaluating the soil microbe community-level physiological profile using EcoPlate and soil properties at 33 forest sites across Japan

  Masahiro Nakamura, Chisato Terada, Kinya Ito, Kazuaki Matsui, Shigeru Niwa, Masae Ishihara, Tanaka Kenta, Tetsuro Yoshikawa, Taku Kadoya, Tsutom Hiura, Hiroyuki Muraoka, Ken Ishida, Naoki Agetsuma, Ryosuke Nakamura, Hitoshi Sakio, Masahiro Takagi, Akira S. Mori, Megumi K. Kimura, Hiroko Kurokawa, Tsutomu Enoki, Tatsuyuki Seino, Atsushi Takashima, Hajime Kobayashi, Kazuho Matsumoto, Koichi Takahashi, Ryunosuke Tateno, Tomohiro Yoshida, Tatsuro Nakaji, Masayuki Maki, Kazutaka Kobayashi, Karibu Fukuzawa, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Kazuhide Ohta, Keito Kobayashi, Motohiro Hasegawa, Satoshi N. Suzuki, Michinori Sakimoto, Yoichiro Kitagawa, Akiko Sakai, Hirofumi Kondo, Tomoaki Ichie, Koji Kageyama, Ayaka Hieno, Shogo Kato, Tatsuya Otani, Yasuhiro Utsumi, Tomonori Kume, Kosuke Homma, Koju Kishimoto, Kazuhiko Masaka, Kenta Watanabe, Motomu Toda, Dai Nagamatsu, Yuko Miyazaki, Tamon Yamashita, Naoko Tokuchi

  Ecological Research 37 (3) 432 - 445 0912-3814 2022 

  We present the largest freely available EcoPlate dataset for Japan, comprising data collected from a network of 33 natural forest sites (77 plots) in regions of East Asia ranging from cool temperate to subtropical. EcoPlate is a 96-well microplate that contains three repeated sets of 31 response wells with different sole carbon substrates. The utilization of each carbon substrate by the microbial community is quantified by the color density of the well during incubation. EcoPlate can provide a multifunctional index of a soil microbial community. Soil properties (water content, carbon [C] and nitrogen [N] contents, the C/N ratio, and pH) that are essential for interpreting the EcoPlate results were also measured. The network is part of the Forest and Grassland Survey of the Monitoring Sites 1000 Project established by the Ministry of the Environment. Using a standardized protocol, soil was sampled between September and December 2020. A preliminary principal component analysis was performed on the temporal integration of color density using 31 substrates. For the temporal integration, we calculated the cumulative amount of color development by integrating the color density development curve. PC1 contributed 55.6% and is thought to represent the magnitude of the overall absorbance of all substrates. The model of environmental factors including elevation and the model of soil properties, including water content and pH, were selected as the best-fit models for variation in PC1. EcoPlate data enable the meta-analysis of comparative studies among forest types and testing community ecology and ecosystem function hypotheses at broad spatial scales. The complete data set for this abstract published in the Data Paper section of the journal is available in electronic format in MetaCat in JaLTER at http://db.cger.nies.go.jp/JaLTER/metacat/metacat/ERDP-2022-01.1/jalter-en.
• Response of Background Herbivory in Mature Birch Trees to Global Warming

  Masahiro Nakamura, Moeko Minoshima, Chisato Terada, Kentaro Takagi, Kobayashi Makoto, Hideaki Shibata, Tsutom Hiura

  Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 4 2021/09/22 

  Given the time scale based on the duration of exposure to global warming, natural climate-gradient studies and experimental manipulations have detected long-term (decades to centuries) and short-term (years to decades) ecological responses to global warming. Combination of these two complementary approaches within a single study may enable prediction of the likely responses of ecological processes to global warming. To understand how global warming affects plant–herbivore interactions within a canopy of Erman’s birch, we combined an elevational gradient study and a warming experiment involving mature birch trees in which the soil and tree branches were warmed separately. In the elevational gradient study, herbivory by chewing insects and plant growth increased as elevation decreased, and the concentrations of condensed tannins and total phenolics in the leaves decreased. In the warming experiment, soil warming alone increased herbivory, and the addition of branch warming amplified the effect on herbivory. Soil warming alone decreased the tannin concentration, and the addition of branch warming led to a further reduction. The variation in herbivory was best explained by the tannin content of leaves. Our experimental results demonstrate that the decreased tannin content of leaves due to a combination of soil and branch warming was an important driver of increased herbivory in the canopy of the mature birch trees. The similar tendencies in the short- and long-term responses imply that global warming is likely to increase background herbivory in mature birch trees by decreasing the tannin content of leaves in the canopy.
• Assessing insect herbivory on broadleaf canopy trees at 19 natural forest sites across Japan

  Hino Takafumi, Yuri Kanno, Shin Abe, Tetsuto Abe, Tsutomu Enoki, Toshihide Hirao, Tsutom Hiura, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Hideyuki Ida, Ken Ishida, Masayuki Maki, Takashi Masaki, Shoji Naoe, Mahoko Noguchi, Tatsuya Otani, Takanori Sato, Michinori Sakimoto, Hitoshi Sakio, Masahiro Takagi, Atsushi Takashima, Naoko Tokuchi, Shunsuke Utsumi, Amane Hidaka, Masahiro Nakamura

  Ecological Research 36 (3) 562 - 572 0912-3814 2021/05 

  We present the largest freely available herbivory dataset for Japan representing data collected from a network of 19 natural forest sites across the country. Sampled network sites were part of the Monitoring Sites 1000 Project organized by the Ministry of the Environment. Sites were located across a range of climate zones, from subarctic to subtropical, and broadleaf trees (both evergreen and deciduous) were targeted at each site. Litterfall traps were used to assess leaf damage caused by leaf-chewing insects in 2014 and 2015. Using a standardized protocol, we assessed herbivory on 117,918 leaves of 39 dominant tree species. Preliminary analyses suggest that insect herbivory increases with increasing latitude for deciduous broadleaf species. In particular, oak (Quercus crispula) and beech (Fagus crenata) were subject to increased insect herbivory with increasing latitude. In contrast, insect herbivory decreased with increasing latitude in evergreen broadleaf species. The latitudinal gradient of herbivory differed according to leaf type (i.e., evergreen or deciduous). This dataset offers excellent opportunities for meta-analysis and comparative studies of herbivory among various forest types. The complete dataset for this abstract published in the Data Paper section of the journal is available in electronic format in MetaCat in JaLTER at .
• Effects of Large-Scale Nitrogen Fertilization on Insect–Plant Interactions in the Canopy of Tall Alder Trees with N2-Fixing Traits in a Cool Temperate Forest

  Jin Lee, Masahiro Nakamura, Tsutom Hiura

  Forests 12 (2) 210 - 210 2021/02/10
• Long‐term observation of fish community in streams inside and outside road construction of Teshio River system, northern Hokkaido, Japan

  Yoshiyuki Umatani, Atsushi Okuda, Eishi Fujito, Toshiya Yoshida, Fuyuki Satoh, Koji Maekawa, Masahiro Nakamura

  Ecological Research 35 (6) 986 - 993 0912-3814 2020/11 

  Nakagawa experimental forest of Hokkaido University is located in the middle Teshio River and some tributaries flow through the forest. The construction of Otoineppu bypass route started in 2007. This bypass route will pass through the forest. In order to evaluate the impacts of the road construction on stream ecosystem, a long-term monitoring of fish community and stream environmental characteristics have been conducted including before, during and after the road construction. The survey has been implemented on five streams in Teshio River (three streams inside the bypass construction zone and two streams outside the zone). Here, we report the data of species, body size and weight of fish sampled using an electrofishing unit and the data of stream environmental characteristics such as water temperature, water surface area, pH and EC. The three-pass removal method for fish sampling and measurement of stream environmental characteristics was conducted three times a year (mainly June, August and October) from 1999 to 2018. A total of 57,203 individuals were observed, belonging to 11 species in seven families. After bypass road construction started (2007), the number of fishes gradually increased at both bypass road construction and control sites. Occasionally, the number of fishes at the bypass construction site tended to be lower than at the control site, but there was not always noticeable difference between them. The complete data set for this abstract published in the Data Paper section of the journal is available in electronic format in MetaCat in JaLTER at .
• Ontogenetic consistency in oak defence syndromes

  Xoaquín Moreira, Luis Abdala‐Roberts, Andrea Galmán, Andrew W. Bartlow, Jorge C. Berny‐Mier y Teran, Elisa Carrari, Felisa Covelo, María de la Fuente, Scott Ferrenberg, Nikolaos M. Fyllas, Yasutomo Hoshika, Steven R. Lee, Robert J. Marquis, Masahiro Nakamura, Colleen S. Nell, Mario B. Pesendorfer, Michael A. Steele, Carla Vázquez‐González, Shuang Zhang, Sergio Rasmann

  Journal of Ecology 108 (5) 1822 - 1834 0022-0477 2020/09
• Toward more data publication of long‐term ecological observations

  Nagai Shin, Hideaki Shibata, Takeshi Osawa, Takehisa Yamakita, Masahiro Nakamura, Tanaka Kenta

  Ecological Research 35 (5) 700 - 707 0912-3814 2020/09 

  © 2020 The Authors. Ecological Research published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of The Ecological Society of Japan Data papers, such as those published by Ecological Research, encourage the retrieval and archiving of valuable unpublished, undigitized ecological observational data. However, scientists remain hesitant to submit their data to such forums. In this perspective paper, we describe lessons learned from the Long-Term Ecological Research, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and marine biological databases and discuss how data sharing and publication are both powerful and important for ecological research. Our aim is to encourage readers to submit their unpublished, undigitized ecological observational data then the data may be archived, published and used by other researchers to advance knowledge in the field of ecology. Coupling data sharing and syntheses with the development of innovative informatics would allow ecology to enter the realm of big science and provide seeds for a new and robust agenda of future ecological studies.
• Promoting the sharing of ideas via “Idea Papers”

  Takeshi Miki, Masahiro Nakamura, Kazuaki Matsui, Hazime Mizoguchi, Emi Tamaki

  Ecological Research 35 (4) 575 - 578 0912-3814 2020/07
• Estimation of six leaf traits of East Asian forest tree species by leaf spectroscopy and partial least square regression

  Nakaji Tatsuro, Oguma Hiroyuki, Nakamura Masahiro, Kachina Panida, Asanok Lamthai, Marod Dokrak, Aiba Masahiro, Kurokawa Hiroko, Kosugi Yoshiko, Kassim Abdul Rahman, Hiura Tsutom

  REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 233 0034-4257 2019/11 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  To elucidate the potential of hyperspectral remote sensing for estimating the functional leaf traits in East Asian forests, we investigated the utility of leaf spectroscopy and partial least square regression (PLSR) models for 141 tree species distributed widely across cool temperate to tropical climate zones in the Pacific region. In 14 forests in Japan, Thailand, and Malaysia, leaf samples at various developmental stages (young, mature, and senescent) were collected from two plant functional types (deciduous and evergreen species). The target leaf traits were leaf mass per unit area and concentrations of nitrogen (N), carbon (C), total phenol, cellulose, and lignin. The leaf reflectance at visible-short wave infrared spectral reflectance from 400 nm to 2395 nm was measured at 3-10-nm intervals (351 bands) using a spectral radiometer. First, we compared the performance of the PLSR models in terms of dry mass (DM)-based concentration and leaf area (LA)-based concentration. Then, we investigated the applicability of the models based on the different plant functional types and leaf developmental stages of the training dataset. Finally, we evaluated the minimum number of spectral bands needed for stable performance of the PLSR model by changing the used bands in accordance with the variable importance of projection (VIP) and equal interval resampling.The coefficient of determination (R-2) was higher and the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) tended to be lower for all chemical trait concentrations expressed based on LA than for those based on DM, except for the case of leaf N. Plant functional type in the training data affected the applicability of the estimation model strongly. The estimation error increased when the functional type in the training dataset differed from that of the target tree species. In the PLSR model calibrated using datasets of evergreen tree species, the NRMSEs of the six traits were 8.0-12.6% for evergreen tree species but 10.4-21.1% for deciduous tree species. A similar trend was observed in the model calibrated for deciduous tree species. The model calibrated using both functional types showed intermediate accuracy for both types of tree species (NRMSE = 5.3-13.5%). The developmental stage of training data also affected the model performance, and the model calibrated using all of the stages showed better estimation accuracies for young and senescent leaves than the model calibrated from the data of mature leaves alone.The equal interval resampling provided better estimation accuracy than the case using the threshold of the VIP value although the model performance tended to be diminished with the reduction of input waveband in both methods. Using at least 104 bands with equal interval removal at a 20-nm interval confers similar performance of the PLSR model compared to the model with full wavebands. This study is the first to describe the potential of leaf spectroscopy for trait estimation of East Asian forest tree species, and our findings suggest that training datasets of typical functional types and varied developmental stages are important for estimation of leaf traits through the several biomes distributed widely in East Asia.
• Harmonized data on early stage litter decomposition using tea material across Japan

  Suzuki Satoshi N, Ataka Mioko, Djukic Ika, Enoki Tsutomu, Fukuzawa Karibu, Hirota Mitsuru, Hishi Takuo, Hiura Tsutom, Hoshizaki Kazuhiko, Ida Hideyuki, Iguchi Akira, Iimura Yasuo, Ise Takeshi, Kenta Tanaka, Kina Yoshifumi, Kobayashi Hajime, Kominami Yuji, Kurokawa Hiroko, Makoto Kobayashi, Matsushita Michinari, Miyata Rie, Muraoka Hiroyuki, Nakaji Tatsuro, Nakamura Masahiro, Niwa Shigeru, Noh Nam J, Sato Takanori, Seino Tatsuyuki, Shibata Hideaki, Suzuki Ryo O, Takahashi Koichi, Tsunoda Tomonori, Ustumi Tasuhiro, Watanabe Kenta

  ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 34 (5) 575 - 576 0912-3814 2019/09 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Litter and soil organic matter decomposition represents one of the major drivers of carbon and nutrient cycling in a given ecosystem; however, it also contributes to a significant production of relevant greenhouse gasses. The Japanese archipelago spans several biomes (boreal-temperate-subtropical) and covers a large range of elevations and ecosystem types. Hence, the comprehension of this fundamental biogeochemical process in diverse ecosystems is crucial to maintain their ecosystem services. In this article, we have provided data on plant leaf decomposition from 33 research sites across Japan. At each site, standard litter material with different decomposition rates, rooibos tea and green tea were incubated for 90days between 2012 and 2016 and the remaining mass was recorded. In total, 1904 bags were used. In addition, supplementary measurements of environmental variables essential for the interpretation of the collected data, such as soil and vegetation, were recorded. Plot-level averages of the remaining mass rates of bag contents after incubation ranged 0.17-0.51 for green tea and 0.54-0.82 for rooibos tea. Continued monitoring will also provide important insights into the temporal dynamics of litter decomposition.
• Photosynthetically distinct responses of an early-successional tree, Betula ermanii, following a defoliating disturbance: Observational results of a manipulated typhoon-mimic experiment.

  Toda M, Fukuzawa K, Nakamura M, Miyata R, Wang X, Doi K, Tabata A, Shibata H, Yoshida T, Hara T

  Trees: structure and function 32 (6) 1789 - 1799 0931-1890 2018/09 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Key messageThe recovery of leaf photosynthetic rate of an early successional tree, Betula ermanii, to its pre-disturbance state following a defoliating disturbance was brought about by its fast leaf morphological response (LMA, leaf mass per area) but not physiological one (leaf N) as a resilience mechanism.AbstractClimate extremes possibly impair terrestrial vegetation and alter carbon cycles. Meanwhile, large uncertainty remains for evaluating the climatic impact on the vegetational function and structure and ecosystem CO2 exchange. We manipulated a defoliating disturbance experimentally in early September 2011 to simulate an extreme typhoon that actually hit a cool-temperate forest in Japan and ripped away a tremendous amount of foliage of early-successional B. ermanii trees in early September 2004, which corresponded to a decrease in plant area index (PAI) by 1.7m(2)m(-2) from 3.3m(2)m(-2) of the maximum PAI during the plant growth period. Over the 4-year observations in 2011-2016, we measured leaf-level photosynthesis following the manipulated disturbance. The highest maximum photosynthetic rate of leaves (A(max)) occurred in 2014 among the observational period, which was the third year after the disturbance, and the subsequent A(max) returned to the pre-disturbance state. We examined what biotic factors regulated A(max) following the disturbance and found that the increase in the morphological attribute of leaf mass per area (LMA) enhanced A(max) with a significant positive slope between LMA and A(max) (R-2=0.14 and p<0.1). Meanwhile, A(max) was hardly affected by the physiological attribute of leaf nitrogen (N) as indicated by a nonsignificant slope of the leaf N-A(max) relationship (R-2=0.04 and p=0.281) throughout the observational period. This study would be a first challenge of a stand-scale defoliation experiment and provides a possible ecological inference regarding the functional and structural responses of early-successional trees following such disturbances.
• Establishment of an ecological research network involving Taiwan and Japan: developing a better understanding of ecological phenomena unique to East Asia

  Masahiro Nakamura, Chih-hao Hsieh, Takeshi Miki, Michio Kondoh

  ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 32 (6) 779 - 781 0912-3814 2017/11 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Filling the gaps in ecological studies of socioecological systems

  I-Ching Chen, Chih-hao Hsieh, Michio Kondoh, Hsing-Juh Lin, Takeshi Miki, Masahiro Nakamura, Takayuki Ohgushi, Jotaro Urabe, Takehito Yoshida

  ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 32 (6) 873 - 885 0912-3814 2017/11 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Our human-dominant world can be viewed as being built up in two parts, social and ecological systems, each consisting of multi-level organizations that interact in a complex manner. However, there are knowledge gaps among those interactions. In this paper, we focus on studies filling two types of gaps in the socioecological system, some of which are case studies in the East Asia region and others are discussed in a more general context. First, we address the gaps between different levels of organizations in ecological systems, namely, (1) the importance of plant trait plasticity in bridging evolution and ecology, (2) linking primary producer diversity and the dynamics of blue carbon in coastal ecosystems in the Asia-Pacific region, and (3) research direction of climate change biology to fill the gaps across evolution, community, and ecosystem. Also included is (4) the gap between ecological monitoring programs and theories, which also addresses the potential of citizen science. Second, we illustrate the gaps between ecological and social systems through ongoing development of an ecosystem management framework, i.e., ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction. Finally, we summarize the benefits of filling the gaps for ecologists and society.
• Does large-scale N fertilization have time-delayed effects on insects community structure by changing oak quantity and quality?

  Jin Lee, Masahiro Nakamura, Tsutom Hiura

  ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTERACTIONS 11 (4) 515 - 523 1872-8855 2017/08 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  The increased atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) may indirectly affect herbivorous insects by deposition-induced changes in host quantity and quality. To avoid the "lamp effect" that can occur in small-scale N fertilizations, large-scale N fertilization (ca. 9 ha, 100 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)) experiments were performed in a deciduous, broad-leaved, cool temperate forest. The initial responses of mature oak canopy trees (Quercus crispula) and their herbivorous insects to N fertilization were evaluated by measuring the growth and leaf qualities of the trees. The feeding guilds and community structures of the herbivorous insects at control and fertilized sites before (2012) and after (2013-2014) N fertilization were then determined. In 2014, N fertilization enhanced plant growth. In 2013 but not 2014, N fertilization increased N content and decreased the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio in leaves. Despite these changes in plant traits in 2013, N fertilization had no effect on either feeding guilds (chewing herbivory, galler density, and miner density) or community structures (species richness, diversity index, and relative abundance) of herbivorous insects in the same year. However, in 2014, the diversity index decreased significantly, whereas species richness and abundance were unchanged. This suggests that species-specific responses to changes in leaf qualities following N fertilization, in the form of altered insect fecundity, impact the diversity index of herbivorous insects, albeit with a 1-year lag time. Thus, our large-scale N fertilization experiment show the time-delayed bottom-up effects of N fertilization on insect community structure.
• Ozone alters the feeding behavior of the leaf beetle Agelastica coerulea (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) into leaves of Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica)

  Evgenios Agathokleous, Tetsuichi Sakikawa, Shahenda A. Abu Elela, Tomoki Mochizuki, Masahiro Nakamura, Makoto Watanabe, Kimitaka Kawamura, Takayoshi Koike

  ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH 24 (21) 17577 - 17583 0944-1344 2017/07 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  High mixing ratios of ground-level O-3 threaten trophic interactions. In the present study, we conducted laboratory assays, where insect larvae and adults were not directly exposed to O-3, to test the feeding behavior and attraction of the coleopteran leaf beetle Agelastica coerulea to early and late leaves of Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica) treated with ambient or elevated O-3 levels. We found that overwintered adults were not deterred from grazing elevated O-3-treated leaves, but rather preferred them than ambient O-3-treated ones. We also found that the feeding behavior of 2nd instar larvae fed on early or late leaves was not influenced by the O-3 treatment of the leaves when larvae could choose leaves. These observations of the adults and larvae feeding preferences contradict prior observations in the field conditions where the insects avoided leaves in O-3-enriched atmosphere. Since adults preferred elevated O-3-exposed leaves in the present laboratory assays, it is worthy of further investigations whether adults change their grazing preference so as to ensure the leaf palatability as a feeding source for their larvae. Hence, new direction towards detailed ovipositional behavior surveys under field conditions is encouraged.
• Leaf flushing and shedding, bud and flower production, and stem elongation in tall birch trees subjected to increases in aboveground temperature

  Masahiro Nakamura, Kobayashi Makoto, Motonobu Tanaka, Taiki Inoue, Yowhan Son, Tsutom Hiura

  TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 30 (5) 1535 - 1541 0931-1890 2016/10 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Tall birch trees allocate extra resource due to aboveground temperature elevation to bud and male flower production rather than to plant growth. Saplings increased only plant growth under warming. Size-dependent response should be considered. We experimentally heated canopy organs of tall birch trees (Betula ermanii Cham.; 18-20 m high) growing at a high latitude to determine how leaf phenology, plant growth, and bud and male flower production might shift in response to increases in aboveground temperature during global climate change. We warmed the canopies with infrared heat lamps fixed to steel pipe scaffolds built around the trees. The temperature of the warmed canopies increased by approximately 1 A degrees C. Warming extended the length of the growing season of canopy leaves (by accelerating leaf flush and delaying leaf fall), and significantly increased the numbers of buds and male flowers per shoot. Bud production and shoot length were positively correlated in both warmed and control branches. However, warming did not increase canopy shoot lengths. The intercept value of the positive regression slope between bud production and shoot length for warmed branches was higher than that for control branches. Thus, canopy warming had a direct positive effect on the bud production but had no indirect effect via increases in shoot length. Our experiment showed that tall birch trees allocated extra resources made available by increased aboveground temperature to bud and male flower production rather than to plant growth.
• Leaf phenology and insect grazing of Japanese white birch saplings grown under free-air ozone exposure

  Tetsuichi Sakikawa, Cong Shi, Masahiro Nakamura, Makoto Watanabe, Monta Oikawa, Fuyuki Satoh, Takayoshi Koike

  JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY 72 (2) 80 - 84 0021-8588 2016/06 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Ground-level ozone (O-3) increases yearly and negatively affects the growth of birches via leaf dynamics. Leaf area is directly related to plant production and is usually reduced by elevated O-3 (eO(3)) and insect herbivores. The objective of this study was to explore factors affecting change in leaf number of white birch saplings and insects grazing under eO(3). In order to accomplish this objective, we observed seasonal changes in leaf phenology and determined foliar defense chemicals in saplings grown under ambient air and free-air O-3 enrichment (60 nmol mol(-1) for daytime). The leaf phenology showed the total number of emerged leaves was about 10 per shoot in the control and eO(3) plots. However, the number of attached leaves per shoot at ambient air decreased after mid-July, probably due to grazing by larvae of the leaf beetle. In addition, the concentration of condensed tannin in early leaves was higher in the eO(3) plot than that in the control plot. Such leaves with decreased nutritional value under eO(3) may prevent feeding of leaf beetles. These findings lead to the plausible understanding of an indirect effect of eO(3) on leaf phenology via foliar defense of white birch against insect herbivores.
• Responses of Soil, Heterotrophic, and Autotrophic Respiration to Experimental Open-Field Soil Warming in a Cool-Temperate Deciduous Forest

  Nam-Jin Noh, Masatoshi Kuribayashi, Taku M. Saitoh, Tatsuro Nakaji, Masahiro Nakamura, Tsutom Hiura, Hiroyuki Muraoka

  ECOSYSTEMS 19 (3) 504 - 520 1432-9840 2016/04 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  How global warming will affect soil respiration (R (S)) and its source components is poorly understood despite its importance for accurate prediction of global carbon (C) cycles. We examined the responses of R (S), heterotrophic respiration (R (H)), autotrophic respiration (R (A)), nitrogen (N) availability, and fine-root biomass to increased temperature in an open-field soil warming experiment. The experiment was conducted in a cool-temperate deciduous forest ecosystem in northern Japan. As this forest is subjected to strong temporal variation in temperature, on scales ranging from daily to seasonal, we also investigated the temporal variation in the effects of soil warming on R (S), R (H), and R (A). Soil temperature was continuously elevated by about 4.0A degrees C from 2007 to 2014 using heating wires buried in the soil, and we measured soil respiratory processes in all four seasons from 2012 to 2014. Soil warming increased annual R (S) by 32-45%, but the magnitude of the increase was different between the components: R (H) and R (A) were also stimulated, and increased by 39-41 and 17-18%, respectively. Soil N availability during the growing season and fine-root biomass were not remarkably affected by the warming treatment. We found that the warming effects varied seasonally. R (H) increased significantly throughout the year, but the warming effect showed remarkable seasonal differences, with the maximum stimulation in the spring. This suggests that warmer spring temperature will produce a greater increase in CO2 release than warmer summer temperatures. In addition, we found that soil warming reduced the temperature sensitivity (Q (10)) of R (S). Although the Q (10) of both R (H) and R (A) tended to be reduced, the decrease in the Q (10) of R (S) was caused mainly by a decrease in the response of R (A) to warming. These long-term results indicate that a balance between the rapid and large response of soil microbes and the acclimation of plant roots both play important roles in determining the response of R (S) to soil warming, and must be carefully considered to predict the responses of soil C dynamics under future temperature conditions.
• Preliminary survey on insect grazing in white birch stands under free-air O3 fumigation.

  Vanderstock A, Agathokleous E, Inoue, W, Eguchi A, Nakamura M, Satoh F, Kanie S, Koike T

  Boreal Forest Research 64 27 - 29 2016 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Spatially distinct responses within willow to bark stripping by deer: effects on insect herbivory

  Motonobu Tanaka, Masahiro Nakamura

  SCIENCE OF NATURE 102 (9-10) 46  0028-1042 2015/10 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Within individual plants, cervid herbivory may cause positive or negative plant-mediated effects on insect herbivores, depending on where it occurs. Using a combination of field observations and artificial bark-stripping experiments in Hokkaido, Japan, we examined the plant-mediated effects of bark stripping by sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) on insect herbivory in two spatially distinct parts of willow (Salix udensis) trees: resprouting leaves below bark-stripping wounds and canopy leaves above. Natural and artificial bark stripping stimulated resprouting from trunks below wounds. Resprouting leaves on bark-stripped trees had lower total phenolics, condensed tannin, and C/N ratios than did canopy leaves on control trees. Herbivory rates were higher in resprouting leaves on bark-stripped trees than in canopy leaves on controls. Conversely, above-wound canopy leaves on bark-stripped trees had higher total phenolics than did those on controls, while herbivory rates were lower in the canopy leaves of bark-stripped trees than in those on controls. These results demonstrate that plant-mediated effects of bark stripping diverge between plant tissues below and above wounds in individual willow trees. We submit that focusing on multiple plant parts can elucidate plant-mediated effects at the whole-plant scale.
• Different initial responses of the canopy herbivory rate in mature oak trees to experimental soil and branch warming in a soil-freezing area

  Masahiro Nakamura, Tatsuro Nakaji, Onno Muller, Tsutom Hiura

  OIKOS 124 (8) 1071 - 1077 0030-1299 2015/08 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Plants and insects comprise more than 50% of known species on earth, and their interactions are of major importance in most natural ecosystems. To understand the mechanisms by which global warming affects plant-insect interactions in the canopy of mature cool-temperate forests with a freeze-thaw cycle, we examined changes in the herbivory rate and leaf traits in oak Quercus crispula. From 2007 to 2009, we experimentally increased the temperature of the surrounding soil and canopy branches of mature oak trees by approximately 5 degrees C using electric heating cables. Soil warming decreased the rate of herbivory in the canopy, whereas branch warming had no effect. The magnitude of the effect of soil warming on canopy herbivory varied. For the first year, the decrease was 32%, but this doubled (63%) in the third year. Branch warming did not affect canopy leaf traits; however, soil warming decreased the leaf nutritional quality by decreasing N and increasing the carbon: nitrogen (CN) ratio for three years. Additionally, soil warming increased total phenolics in the third year. Stepwise multiple regression models showed that among the leaf traits that were changed by soil warming, N explained the variation in herbivory for the first and second years, whereas total phenolics explained it for the third year. Our experimental results demonstrate that soil warming drives the rate of herbivory in the canopy of mature oak trees, and the magnitude of the soil warming effect was gradually enhanced during the initial three years. This suggests the importance of belowground temperature elevation in predicting the effect of global warming on plant-insect interactions in a forest canopy.
• Recommendation of long-term ecological research : How to perform hypothesis test approach in the fields

  Nakamura Masahiro

  Japanese Journal of Ecology 日本生態学会暫定事務局 65 (1) 3 - 11 0021-5007 2015 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  What is the value of long-term ecological research (LTER) for young academic (or professional) ecologists? In this review, we suggest that combining long-term and large-scale monitoring, which are primary components of LTER, with field experiments allows for effective hypothesis testing in the field. The procedure is as follows: first, long-term and large-scale studies detect new spatial and temporal patterns in ecological processes. Consequently, new hypotheses can be formulated. Finally, field experiments can test these hypotheses by isolating and manipulating the driving factors. This process is very useful because it provides a means of first searching for, and ultimately elucidating the mechanisms underlying, a new subject. To this end, it is also important to connect with other researchers across multiple disciplines. Freeing oneself from private management may also pave the way to new research topics of interest to young ecologists.
• 台風撹乱が北方森林生態系の植生状態、炭素動態へ及ぼす影響— 北海道北部（道北）森林で行われた台風模倣実験からえた知見—

  戸田求, 福澤加里部, 中村誠宏, 田中幹展, 吉田俊也, 柴田英昭, 王新, 石田祐宣, 宮田理恵

  低温科学 73 21 - 29 2015 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Spatial variation in leaf traits and herbivore community within the beech canopy between two different latitudes

  Masahiro Nakamura, Naoki Inari, Tsutom Hiura

  ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTERACTIONS 8 (6) 571 - 579 1872-8855 2014/12 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  To understand how the herbivore community on beech canopies varies between two different latitudes, we assessed leaf traits and herbivory by three major feeding types (chewing, mining, and galling) at different positions in the canopy using a scaffolding system along a 1,400-km latitudinal gradient between Kuromatsunai (north) and Shiiba (south) in Japan. The chemical and morphological traits of the canopy foliage differed significantly between latitudes and between canopy parts. The leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf nitrogen, and carbon/nitrogen (CN) ratio were higher at south latitude than at north latitude. The upper canopy had a greater LMA, leaf nitrogen, and CN ratio than the lower canopy at both latitudes. On the other hand, herbivory by the three major feeding types differed significantly between latitudes and between canopy parts. The miner and galler densities were higher at south latitude than at north latitude, while the chewing herbivory was lower, showing different latitudinal patterns among feeding types. Among these feeding types, only chewing herbivory was higher in the lower canopy than in the upper canopy at both latitudes. The stepwise regression models showed that LMA and CN ratio explained spatial variation in chewing herbivory. Our study demonstrates that the latitudinal and spatial variations in leaf traits can play an important role in determining the latitudinal and spatial variations in the herbivore community on beech canopies via different responses of each feeding type.
• Different mechanisms explain feeding type-specific patterns of latitudinal variation in herbivore damage among diverse feeding types of herbivorous insects

  Tsutom Hiura, Masahiro Nakamura

  BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY 14 (6) 480 - 488 1439-1791 2013/09 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  To determine whether latitudinal variation in herbivore impact exists, we examined three major herbivorous insect feeding types (chewers, gallers, and miners) on/in leaves of Japanese beech. Herbivores were collected with litter traps deployed in forests across a latitudinal gradient of 10 degrees. Leaf litter analyses demonstrated that chewing herbivory increased with increasing latitude of collection site. However, the densities of miners and gallers decreased with latitude. To test whether latitudinal variation in herbivore damage occurs in the absence of geographically differentiated environmental cueing (e. g., physical stresses or herbivore damage), we measured both genetically determined constitutive leaf traits and herbivore damage in a common-garden experiment. In this experiment, miner density decreased with latitude, but chewing herbivory did not vary latitudinally. Galler density was higher on trees from native provenances than on trees from unrelated provenances likely because of local adaptations. Leaf mass per unit area (LMA), tannin, and phenolics all decreased with latitude of provenance. The latitudinal variation in one constitutive leaf trait (LMA) best explained latitudinal variation in chewing herbivory. Thus, different mechanisms account for feeding type-specific patterns of latitudinal variation in herbivore damage among different herbivore feeding types.
• Experimental warming studies on tree species and forest ecosystems: a literature review

  Haegeun Chung, Hiroyuki Muraoka, Masahiro Nakamura, Saerom Han, Onno Muller, Yowhan Son

  JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 126 (4) 447 - 460 0918-9440 2013/07 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Temperature affects a cascade of ecological processes and functions of forests. With future higher global temperatures being inevitable it is critical to understand and predict how forest ecosystems and tree species will respond. This paper reviews experimental warming studies in boreal and temperate forests or tree species beyond the direct effects of higher temperature on plant ecophysiology by scaling up to forest level responses and considering the indirect effects of higher temperature. In direct response to higher temperature (1) leaves emerged earlier and senesced later, resulting in a longer growing season (2) the abundance of herbivorous insects increased and their performance was enhanced and (3) soil nitrogen mineralization and leaf litter decomposition were accelerated. Besides these generalizations across species, plant ecophysiological traits were highly species-specific. Moreover, we showed that the effect of temperature on photosynthesis is strongly dependent on the position of the leaf or plant within the forest (canopy or understory) and the time of the year. Indirect effects of higher temperature included among others higher carbon storage in trees due to increased soil nitrogen availability and changes in insect performance due to alterations in plant ecophysiological traits. Unfortunately only a few studies extrapolated results to forest ecosystem level and considered the indirect effects of higher temperature. Thus more intensive, long-term studies are needed to further confirm the emerging trends shown in this review. Experimental warming studies provide us with a useful tool to examine the cascade of ecological processes in forest ecosystems that will change with future higher temperature.
• Soil warming decreases inorganic and dissolved organic nitrogen pools by preventing the soil from freezing in a cool temperate forest

  Miki U. Ueda, Onno Muller, Masahiro Nakamura, Tatsuro Nakaji, Tsutom Hiura

  SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY 61 105 - 108 0038-0717 2013/06 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  We report on the seasonal responses of soil nitrogen (N) pools to soil warming in a cool temperate forest where mild freeze-thaw cycles occur during winter. Artificial soil warming of 2-5 degrees C was implemented to prevent freezing, making it possible to evaluate the effects of soil freezing on soil characteristics. At control sites, the dissolved organic N and NH4-N pools were largest in winter. Soil warming decreased these solute pools to 17-25% of control levels during winter, but not in other seasons. These results confirm that soil freezing is the driving force of N dynamics during winter, and is easily lost by a few degrees of warming at this study site. The substantial reduction of solute N pools may reduce N availability in the cool temperate forest. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Nation-wide litter fall data from 21 forests of the Monitoring Sites 1000 Project in Japan

  Satoshi N. Suzuki, Masae I. Ishihara, Masahiro Nakamura, Shin Abe, Tsutom Hiura, Kosuke Homma, Motoki Higa, Daisuke Hoshino, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Hideyuki Ida, Ken Ishida, Motohiro Kawanishi, Kazutaka Kobayashi, Koichiro Kuraji, Shigeo Kuramoto, Takashi Masaki, Kaoru Niiyama, Mahoko Noguchi, Haruto Nomiya, Satoshi Saito, Takeshi Sakai, Michinori Sakimoto, Hitoshi Sakio, Tamotsu Sato, Hirofumi Shibano, Mitsue Shibata, Maki Suzuki, Atsushi Takashima, Hiroshi Tanaka, Masahiro Takagi, Naoaki Tashiro, Naoko Tokuchi, Toshiya Yoshida, Yumiko Yoshida

  ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 27 (6) 989 - 990 0912-3814 2012/11 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Seasonal variation of isoprene basal emission in mature Quercus crispula trees under experimental warming of roots and branches

  Sou N. Matsunaga, Onno Muller, Satoru Chatani, Masahiro Nakamura, Tatsuro Nakaji, Tsutom Hiura

  GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 46 (2) 163 - 167 0016-7002 2012 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Isoprene is a reactive volatile organic compound (VOC), the annual global biogenic emissions of which are the largest of the non-methane VOC. Since isoprene emissions are partly temperature-driven, understanding the relationship between isoprene emission and climate must be improved. Isoprene emission was measured in Quercus crispula, the second-most dominant isoprene-emitting tree species in Japan. Four mature Q. crispula trees were exposed to artificial warming of their roots and branches at approximately 5 degrees C warmer than ambient temperatures. Four un-warmed control trees were also measured and compared for their emissions over the course of five months. Basal emission rates of isoprene (defined as a normalized emission rate under standard light and temperature conditions) was calculated and compared between warmed and control branches. The basal emission rates varied from 0.17 to 38.5 nmol m(-2) s(-1) (average; 10.4 nmol m(-2) s(-1)) over the seasons. However, the basal emission rate did not significantly differ between warmed and control leaves.
• Forest stand structure, composition, and dynamics in 34 sites over Japan

  Masae I. Ishihara, Satoshi N. Suzuki, Masahiro Nakamura, Tsutomu Enoki, Akio Fujiwara, Tsutom Hiura, Kosuke Homma, Daisuke Hoshino, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Hideyuki Ida, Ken Ishida, Akira Itoh, Takayuki Kaneko, Kaname Kubota, Koichiro Kuraji, Shigeo Kuramoto, Akifumi Makita, Takashi Masaki, Kanji Namikawa, Kaoru Niiyama, Mahoko Noguchi, Haruto Nomiya, Tatsuhiro Ohkubo, Satoshi Saito, Takeshi Sakai, Michinori Sakimoto, Hitoshi Sakio, Hirofumi Shibano, Hisashi Sugita, Mitsuo Suzuki, Atsushi Takashima, Nobuyuki Tanaka, Naoaki Tashiro, Naoko Tokuchi, Toshiya Yoshida, Yumiko Yoshida

  ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 26 (6) 1007 - 1008 0912-3814 2011/11 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  This data paper reports tree census data collected in a network of 34 forest sites in Japan. This is the largest forest data set freely available in Japan to date. The network is a part of the Monitoring Sites 1000 Project launched by the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. It covers subarctic to subtropical climate zones and the four major forest types in Japan. Forty-two permanent plots, usually 1 ha in size, were established in old-growth or secondary natural forests. Censuses of woody species a parts per thousand yen15 cm girth at breast height were conducted every year or once during 2004 to 2009. The data provide species abundance, survivorship and stem girth growth of 52,534 individuals of 334 tree and liana species. The censuses adopted common census protocol, which provide good opportunities for meta-analyses and comparative studies among forests. The data have been used for ecological studies as well as for the biodiversity reports published by the Ministry of the Environment.
• Herbivory in canopy gaps created by a typhoon varies by understory plant leaf phenology

  Hino Takafumi, Satoru Kawase, Masahiro Nakamura, Tsutom Hiura

  ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY 35 (5) 576 - 585 0307-6946 2010/10 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  1. Availabilities of light and soil nitrogen for understory plants vary by extent of canopy gap formation through typhoon disturbance. We predicted that variation in resource availability and herbivore abundance in canopy gaps would affect herbivory through variation in leaf traits among plant species. We studied six understory species that expand their leaves before or after canopy closure in deciduous forests. We measured the availabilities of light, soil nitrogen, soil water content, and herbivore abundance in 20 canopy gaps (28.3-607.6 m(2)) formed by a typhoon and in four undisturbed stands. We also measured leaf traits and herbivory on understory plants. 2. The availabilities of light and soil nitrogen increased with increasing gap size. However, soil water content did not. The abundance of herbivorous insects (such as Lepidoptera and Orthoptera) increased with increasing gap size. 3. Concentrations of condensed tannins, total phenolics, and nitrogen in leaves and the leaf mass per area increased in late leaf expansion species with increasing gap size, whereas none of the leaf traits varied by gap size in early leaf expansion species. 4. Herbivory increased on early leaf expansion species with increasing gap size, but decreased on late leaf expansion species. In these late leaf expansion species, total phenolics and C : N ratio had negative relationships with herbivory. 5. These results suggested that after typhoon disturbance, increased herbivory on early leaf expansion species can be explained by increased herbivore abundance, whereas decreased herbivory on late leaf expansion species can be explained by variation in leaf traits.
• Differential effects of host plant hybridization on herbivore community structure and grazing pressure on forest canopies

  Masahiro Nakamura, Miho Asanuma, Tsutom Hiura

  OIKOS 119 (9) 1445 - 1452 0030-1299 2010/09 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Interspecific hybridization in plants is known to have ecological effects on associated organisms. We examined the differences in insect herbivore community structure and grazing pressure on tree canopy leaves among natural hybrids and their parental oak species. We measured leaf traits, herbivore community structure, and grazing pressure on leaves of two oak species, Quercus crispula and Q. dentata, and their hybrids. The concentration of nitrogen in canopy leaves was greater in hybrids and in Q. dentata than in Q. crispula. The concentration of total phenolics was lower in hybrids than in Q. crispula. The concentration of condensed tannin was greater in hybrids than in Q. crispula. Relative herbivore abundance and species richness were greater on oak hybrids than on either parental species; herbivore species diversity and composition on hybrids were close to those on Q. crispula. Herbivore grazing pressure was lower on hybrids and Q. dentata than on Q. crispula. There was a negative correlation between herbivore grazing pressure and leaf nitrogen, suggesting that interspecific variation among oak taxa in herbivore pressure may be explained by leaf nitrogen; variation in herbivore community structure among oak taxa is likely to be controlled by polygenic leaf traits. Differing responses of ( 1) herbivore community structure and ( 2) herbivore grazing pressure to host plant hybridization may play important roles in regulating herbivore biodiversity in cool-temperate forest canopies.
• Experimental branch warming alters tall tree leaf phenology and acorn production

  Masahiro Nakamura, Onno Muller, Shiori Tayanagi, Tatsuro Nakaji, Tsutom Hiura

  AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY 150 (7-8) 1026 - 1029 0168-1923 2010/07 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  An increasing number of field experiments have been initiated worldwide to study simulated effects of global warming. To experimentally determine how tall, mature trees respond to warming, we developed a new technique that heated canopy-level branches with electric heating cables. Using a canopy crane, we attached electric cables to top canopy branches of tall, mature Quercus crispula Blume (18-20 m in height) trees; shoot temperature was elevated 5 degrees C above ambient. Branch warming extended the length of the growing season of canopy leaves by later leaf fall. Moreover, branch warming increased acorn production. Application of this technique should lead to a better understanding of how tall, mature trees respond to global warming. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
• Community consequences of herbivore-induced bottom-up trophic cascades: the importance of resource heterogeneity

  Shunsuke Utsumi, Masahiro Nakamura, Takayuki Ohgushi

  JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY 78 (5) 953 - 963 0021-8790 2009/09 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  P> Herbivory often changes resource quality for herbivorous insects through induced plant responses depending on the intensity of damage. We hypothesized that the willow's response following herbivory affects the entire arthropod community structure on the tree due to changes in plant quality. To examine this hypothesis, we investigated arthropod communities on three willow species, Salix gilgiana, Salix eriocarpa and Salix serissaefolia. In our common garden, cuttings were established in 2003 and experimental treatments were applied in 2005. Damage by a boring caterpillar of a swift moth (Endoclita excrescens) and artificial cutting of 25% stems were applied as partial herbivory within individual trees, and 100% cutting of stems was applied to represent severe herbivory to whole individual trees. These treatments stimulated lateral shoot production depending on damage intensity, resulting in full compensation for biomass loss. Positive relationships were detected between within-tree variation in foliar nitrogen content and overall abundance/species richness of herbivores. Moth boring and 25% cutting increased herbivore abundance and species richness relative to controls. However, we found no significant differences in herbivore abundance and species richness between 100% cut and control trees. Community composition of herbivore species was significantly different between the following three groups: (i) bored and 25% cut; (ii) 100% cut; and (iii) control trees. Changes in community structure of herbivores were likely due to changes in plant quality depending on the intensity of damage. Although total predator abundance and species richness were not significantly different among treatments, community composition of predator species was significantly different among treatments. These results indicate that herbivore-induced willow responses can largely determine the entire arthropod community structure of multitrophic levels due to changes in plant quality. We suggest that heterogeneous resource conditions induced by herbivory within and among plant individuals increase the species diversity of arthropods.
• Do spatial variation in leaf traits and herbivory within a canopy respond to selective cutting and fertilization?

  Masahiro Nakamura, Tetsuji Hina, Eri Nabeshima, Tsutom Hiura

  CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE 38 (6) 1603 - 1610 0045-5067 2008/06 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Within a canopy, spatial variation in leaf traits may be determined by light and nutrient availabilities. Such environmentally caused changes in leaf traits may be an important cause of changes in leaf palatability to herbivores. We conducted a factorial experiment with fertilization and selective cutting in a northern Japanese forest dominated by oak (Quercus crispula Blume). Fertilization increased the nitrogen content of upper canopy leaves. Leaf mass per area (LMA) was greater in the upper canopy than in the lower canopy. Selective cutting and all interactions had significant effects oil LMA. Total phenolics mid condensed tannin in leaves were also greater in the upper canopy than in the lower canopy. The interaction of selective cutting X position in the canopy (upper or lower) had a significant effect oil total phenolics: a similar trend was seen for condensed tannin. Herbivory was greater in the lower canopy than ill file upper canopy. Also. fertilization increased herbivory, whereas selective Cutting decreased it. These results imply that human activities, such IS logging and nitrogen deposition, may strongly influence spatial variation in herbivory through changes in leaf traits.
• Field ecology manipulations in the study of global warming : activities and recommendations for future work

  Nakamura Masahiro, Okuda Atsushi, Hiura Tsutomu

  Japanese journal of conservation ecology 日本生態学会 13 (1) 111 - 120 1342-4327 2008/05/30 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The majority of investigations into increased CO_2 levels are limited to studies of the photosynthesis and respiration of leaves in forest ecosystems. However, temperature increases are predicted to be greater at higher latitudes and will affect virtually all chemical and biological processes. Therefore, ecosystem responses to global warming will be complex and vary temporally and spatially, due to direct and indirect effects. Field manipulations to examine the effects of global wanning have been conducted to determine the response of entire terrestrial ecosystems to an environmental variab...
• Willow regrowth after galling increases bud production through increased shoot survival

  Masahiro Nakamura, Takayuki Ohgushi

  ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 36 (3) 618 - 622 0046-225X 2007/06 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Insect, herbivory can negatively or positively affect plant performance. We examined how a stem gall midge Rabdophaga rigidae affects the survival, growth, and bud production of current year shoots of the willow Salix eriocarpa. In mid-May, the gall midge initiates stem galls on the apical regions of shoots. The following spring, galled shoots had thicker basal diameters and more lateral shoots than ungalled shoots. Although galled shoots were on average 1.6 times longer than ungalled shoots, there were no significant differences in shoot length or in the numbers of reproductive, vegetative, and dormant buds per shoot. However, the subsequent survival of galled shoots was significantly higher than that of ungalled shoots, probably because of the thicker basal diameter. This increased shoot survival resulted in approximately two times greater reproductive, vegetative, and dormant bud production on galled shoots compared with ungalled shoots in the following spring. These results suggest that the willow regrowth induced by galling can lead to an increase in bud production through increased shoot survival.
• モニタリングサイト1000(森林調査) (<連載2>野外研究サイトから(8))

  石原 正恵, 豊田 鮎, 中村 誠宏

  日本生態学会誌 一般社団法人 日本生態学会 57 (3) 438 - 442 0021-5007 2007 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Trunk cutting initiates bottom-up cascades in a tri-trophic system: sprouting increases biodiversity of herbivorous and predaceous arthropods on willows

  Masahiro Nakamura, Hideki Kagata, Takayuki Ohgushi

  OIKOS 113 (2) 259 - 268 0030-1299 2006/05 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  We examined the effects of trunk cutting on the regrowth responses of two dominant willow species, Salix eriocarpa and S. gilgiana, and the subsequent effects on the community structure (abundance and species richness) of herbivorous and predaceous arthropods. We studied ten randomly selected pairs of cut and uncut (control) trees of each willow species. Field observations showed that when the trunks were cut, shoots sprouted from the base and developed rapidly. These shoots continued to grow until July, producing lateral shoots and leaves, whereas current-year shoots on uncut trees essentially stopped growing by April. In July, the upper leaves of cut trees were less tough and had a greater water and nitrogen content than leaves of uncut trees. Leaf consumption and abundance and species richness of both herbivorous and predaceous arthropods were significantly greater on cut trees than on uncut trees in both willow species. Overall, trunk cutting resulted in at least a two-fold increase in both relative abundance and species richness within the arthropod community on the willow species. We concluded that the severe physical damage caused by trunk cutting greatly increased the biodiversity of herbivorous and predaceous arthropods through bottom-up cascading effects.
• Indirect effects of disturbance on insect communities through changes in plant traits

  Nakamura Masahiro, Nozawa Akiyoshi

  Japanese Journal of Ecology 日本生態学会 55 (3) 425 - 430 0021-5007 2005/12/25 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  撹乱は、直接効果だけでなく相互作用の連鎖によって生じる間接効果でも生物の密度・行動・生存率・分布などに大きな影響を与える可能性がある。その一つは、撹乱後に生き残った植物の表現型の変化によって生じる間接効果である。特に、パイオニア植物では撹乱後に幹から萌芽枝を伸ばす補償生長が起こる場合が多く、補償生長によって間接効果が引き起こされることが知られている。そこで、本稿では撹乱後の植物の変化として補償生長に注目し、撹乱が植物上の昆虫群集へ与える間接効果の研究について解説(紹介)を行った。撹乱による間接効果に関して、これまでに次の3つの成果がある。(1)植食性昆虫の密度にプラスの間接効果を与えること、(2)上位の栄養段階にある捕食性節足動物の密度に影響が及ぶこと(ボトムアップカスケード)、(3)植食性昆虫や捕食性節足動物の種数に影響を与えることである。しかし、これまでの研究では、撹乱後1-2年の短期的な調査に基づくものがほとんどで、「その間接効果の影響力が続く期間」については明確にされてこなかった。今後、撹乱による間接効果の重要性を正しく評価するためには、長期調査を行うことが必要であろう。
• Positive indirect effects mediated by changes of plant traits between members of insect communities.

  Nakamura Masahiro

  Japanese Journal of Ecology 日本生態学会 55 (2) 307 - 312 0021-5007 2005/08/31 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  昆虫による被食が植物の質的・量的な変化を引き起こし、他の昆虫に影響を与えるというプロセスを通って、昆虫間に間接効果が生じることが明らかになってきた。これまでのこの植物を介した間接効果の研究では、植物の変化として誘導防御反応に注目していたために、マイナスの間接効果を検出した報告が非常に多い。しかし、植物の変化として被食による構造の変化と補償生長に注目した場合、プラスの間接効果が生じる可能性がある。そこで本総説では、植物上に構造物を作る昆虫としてエゾノカワヤナギSalix miyabeanaに葉巻を作る鱗翅目幼虫と、植物に補償生長を起こさせる昆虫としてジャヤナギS. eriocarpaにゴール(虫こぶ)を形成するヤナギタマバエRabdophaga rididaeに注目することで、プラスの間接効果を検出した研究を紹介した。さらに、ヤナギの特徴である補償生長に焦点を絞って「プラスの間接効果がどの様な条件で生じ、どのような影響を昆虫群集の多様度に与えるのか?」についても考察した。攪乱環境に適応した植物上の昆虫群集では、補償生長を介したプラスの間接効果が普遍的に生じている可能性が高いことを指摘し、攪乱頻度と間接効果が昆虫群集の多様度へ与える影響についての予測をたてた。
• Flood initiates bottom-up cascades in a tri-trophic system: host plant regrowth increases densities of a leaf beetle and its predators

  M Nakamura, S Utsumi, T Miki, T Ohgushi

  JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY 74 (4) 683 - 691 0021-8790 2005/07 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  1. Following the passing of a typhoon over central Japan in late August 2001, a large-scale flood occurred owing to the heavy precipitation. Willow trees on the banks of the Yasu River were badly damaged. In the following year, we examined the effects of the flood on the regrowth response of a willow, Salix eriocarpa (Franch), and its subsequent effects on the densities of a leaf beetle, Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting), and its predators. 2. We used 10 randomly selected pairs of heavily and lightly damaged trees. Field observations showed that the number of sprouting shoots was significantly greater on heavily damaged trees than on lightly damaged trees. The sprouts continued to grow until August, producing lateral shoots and leaves. 3. The numbers of leaf beetles at all developmental stages (egg, larva, pupa and adult) significantly increased on heavily damaged trees as compared to numbers on lightly damaged trees. Adults of the leaf beetle aggregated predominantly on sprouting shoots throughout the growing season. 4. As a result of the increase in the number of leaf beetles, leaf herbivory on heavily damaged trees was significantly greater than on lightly damaged trees. 5. Two arthropod predators, the larvae of the ladybird Aiolocaria hexaspilota (Hope) and the web-building spider Agelena opulenta (L. Koch), also increased significantly on heavily damaged trees. These findings indicate that the flood caused by the typhoon initiated bottom-up cascading effects from the willow to arthropod predators through herbivorous insects by increased foliage sprouting.
• Bottom-up cascade in a tri-trophic system: different impacts of host-plant regeneration on performance of a willow leaf beetle and its natural enemy

  H Kagata, M Nakamura, T Ohgushi

  ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY 30 (1) 58 - 62 0307-6946 2005/02 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  1. Plant quality can directly and indirectly affect the third trophic level. However, little attention has been paid to how changes in plant quality affect the performance of predators through trophic levels, and which herbivores or predators are affected more strongly by host-plant quality. The present study examined the effects of artificial cutting of willows on the performance of a willow leaf beetle (Plagiodera versicolora Laicharting) and its predatory ladybird beetle (Aiolocaria hexaspilota Hope). 2. Laboratory experiments showed that performance (survival rate, developmental time, and adult mass) of the willow leaf beetle was higher when fed with leaves of cut willows than when fed with leaves of uncut willows. Performance (developmental time and adult mass) of the predatory ladybird was also improved when it was fed on the leaf beetle larvae that had been fed on leaves of cut willows, compared with those that had been fed on leaves of uncut willows. This indicates that a bottom-up cascade occurs in the tri-trophic system. 3. In a comparison of improved performance parameters between the leaf beetle and the ladybird, regenerated willows shortened the developmental time of the willow leaf beetle more than that of the ladybird. This indicates that the impacts of willow cutting on insect performance differ between the second and third trophic levels.
• Plant phenology-mediated indirect effects: The gall midge opens the phenological window wider for a leaf beetle

  Y Miyamoto, M Nakamura

  ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE 7 (4) 315 - 322 1343-8786 2004/12 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  We examined whether larvae of the gall midge Rabdophaga rigidae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) can modify the seasonal dynamics of the density of a leaf beetle, Plagiodera versicolora (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), by modifying the leaf flushing phenology of its host willow species, Salix serissaefolia and Salix eriocarpa (Salicaceae). To test this, we conducted field observations and a laboratory experiment. The field observations demonstrated that the leaf flushing phenology of the willows and the seasonal dynamics of the beetle density differed between shoots with stem galls and shoots without them. On galled shoots of both willow species, secondary shoot growth and secondary leaf production were promoted; consequently, leaf production showed a bimodal pattern and leaf production periods were 1 to 2 months longer than on non-galled shoots. The adult beetle density on galled shoots was thus enhanced late in the season, and was found to change seasonally, synchronizing with the production of new leaves on the host willow species. From the results of our laboratory experiment, we attributed this synchrony between adult beetle density and willow leaf flush to beetles' preference to eat new leaves rather than old. Indeed, beetles consumed five times more of the young leaves when they were fed both young and old leaves. These results indicate that stem galls indirectly enhance the adult beetle density by enhancing food quality and quantity late in the beetle-feeding season. We therefore conclude that midge galls widen the phenological window for leaf beetles by extending the willows' leaf flush periods.
• Species composition and life histories of shelter-building caterpillars on Salix miyabeana

  M Nakamura, T Ohgushi

  ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE 7 (2) 99 - 104 1343-8786 2004/06 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  We studied the species composition and life history patterns of shelter-building microlepidoptera on the willow Salix miyabeana in Hokkaido, northern Japan. We identified 23 microlepidopteran species across seven families that constructed leaf shelters. Species in Tortricidae and Pyralidae comprised approximately 90% of the total number of sampled shelter-building microlepidoptera that reached adult eclosion in the laboratory. Seasonal changes in the density of leaf shelters showed two peaks: early June and mid-August. In June, caterpillars of Gypsonoma bifasciata, Gypsonoma ephoropa, Acleris issikii and Saliciphage acbaris were the principal shelter builders, while in August shelters were constructed primarily by caterpillars of Nephopterix adelphella, A. issikii and S. acbaris. Approximately 90% of leaf shelters were constructed on the top portions of shoots, suggesting that most shelter-building caterpillars prefer to build leaf shelters here.
• Gall initiation enhances the availability of food resources for herbivorous insects

  M Nakamura, Y Miyamoto, T Ohgushi

  FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY 17 (6) 851 - 857 0269-8463 2003/12 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  1. Insect herbivory may have not only negative but also positive plant-mediated effects on other insect herbivores. We investigated plant-mediated effects of the stem gall midge Rabdophaga rigidae on other insect herbivores through regrowth response of the willow Salix eriocarpa. 2. Gall initiation on current-year shoots stimulated the development of lateral shoots, followed by a secondary leaf flush. Lateral shoots and upper leaves on galled shoots were less tough and had a higher water and nitrogen content. 3. Colonization rates by the aphid Aphis farinosa were significantly higher on galled shoots than on ungalled shoots, because this aphid frequently colonized lateral shoots. 4. Adults of two leaf beetles, Plagiodera versicolora and Smaragdina semiaurantiaca, were more abundant on galled than on ungalled shoots; they preferentially fed on young leaves produced during the secondary leaf flush. 5. Gall initiation positively affected aphids and leaf beetles by enhancing the availability of food resources as a result of the regrowth responses of S. eriocarpa. This indicates that the regrowth responses of plants to insect herbivory provide an important mechanism responsible for positive effects on other insect herbivores.
• Positive and negative effects of leaf shelters on herbivorous insects: linking multiple herbivore species on a willow

  M Nakamura, T Ohgushi

  OECOLOGIA 136 (3) 445 - 449 0029-8549 2003/08 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  We experimentally examined the effects on other herbivorous insects of leaf shelters constructed by lepidopteran larvae on a willow, Salix miyabeana. Several insect species occupied the vacant leaf shelters. Our experiment using artificial leaf shelters showed that the number of aphids increased with the number of artificial leaf shelters on a shoot, as did the numbers of three ant species (Camponotus japonicus, Lasius hayashi, and Myrmica jessensis) that entered leaf shelters to collect aphid honeydew. To determine the ant-mediated effect of leaf shelters on herbivorous insects that do not use leaf shelters, we transferred newly hatched larvae of a common leaf beetle, Plagiodera versicolora, to the leaves of shoots with and without artificial leaf shelters. One day after the transfer, larval survival rate was significantly lower on shoots with shelters than on those without shelters, and shoots with shelters had significantly more ants than did shoots without shelters. Our field experiments demonstrated clearly that shelter-making lepidopteran larvae increased the abundance of both aphids and ants and decreased the survival rate of leaf beetle larvae, probably because the larvae were removed by ants that were attracted to the leaf shelters by the aphid colonies.

Books etc

• 森林保護学の基礎 (農学基礎シリーズ)

  小池孝良, 中村誠宏, 宮本敏澄 
  農山漁村文化協会 2021/04 (ISBN: 454012210X) 192
• 動物−植物相互作用調査法.

  内海俊介, 中村誠宏 (Joint work)
  共立出版 2017
• 北海道の気象と農業

  中路達郎, 中村誠宏 (Contributor森林生態系への温暖化の影響)
  北海道新聞社 2012
• Ecology and Evolution of Galling Arthropods and Their Associates.

  H. Roininen, T. Ohgushi, A. Zinovjev, R. Virtanen, V. Vikberg, K. Matushita, M. Nakamura, P.W. Price, T.O. Veteli (ContributorLatitudinal and altitudinal patterns in species richness and mortality factors of the galling sawflies on Salix species in Japan.)
  Springer 2006

Conference Activities & Talks

• 冷温帯林の高木において温暖化が植物と昆虫の相互作用に与える影響  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏

  第129回日本森林学会（高知）  2018/03
• Idea paper/Open Ideaの提案：前例と形式  [Not invited]

  三木健, 中村誠宏

  第65回日本生態学会（札幌）  2018/03
• Idea paper/Open Ideaの提案：メリットとデメリット  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏, 三木健

  第65回日本生態学会（札幌）  2018/03
• Prediction of global warming effects on canopy herbivory in tall birch trees on a decadal time scale.  [Not invited]

  Masahiro Nakamura

  Hokkaido-Umera Seminar, Sweden, Umea  2018/02
• 森林生態リモートセンシング研究のための大規模森林調査プロットの整備  [Not invited]

  中路達郎, 秋津朋子, 吉田俊也, 日浦勉, 中村誠宏, 柴田英昭, 奈佐原顕郎

  第128回日本森林学会（鹿児島）  2017/03
• Effects of nitrogen fertilization on the plant traits of an alder species (Aluns hirusta) for herbivorous insects in a cool-temperate forest  [Not invited]

  Jin Lee, Masahiro Nakamura, Tsutom Hiura

  第64回日本生態学会（東京）  2017/03
• 長期の土壌温暖化実験がミズナラの上の植物の昆虫の相互作用に与える影響  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏, 中路達郎, 日浦勉

  第64回日本生態学会（東京）  2017/03
• Response of insect-plant interactions to global warming on the correct time scale.  [Not invited]

  Masahiro Nakamura, Moeki Minoshima, Hideaki Shibata, Kentaro Takagi, Tsutom Hiura

  5th Japan-Taiwan Ecology Workshop, Kyoto, Japan  2016/11
• Prediction of response of insect-plant interactions to global warming on the correct time scale by using intergrating altitudinal gradient study with warming experiment.  [Not invited]

  Masahiro Nakamura, Moeki Minoshima, Hideaki Shibata, Kentaro Takagi, Tsutom Hiura

  7th International Canopy Conference, England, London  2016/08
• Effects of birch genetipic diversity on ecosystem functions and insect community structure.  [Not invited]

  Shan Bing Qin, Nakamura Masahiro

  第63回日本生態学会（仙台）  2016/03
• The effects of N fertilization on plant-herbivory interaction across tree diversity gradients.  [Not invited]

  Lee Jin, Nakamura Masahiro, Hiura Tsutom

  第63回日本生態学会（仙台）  2016/03
• 表土ブロック移植による道路法面緑化の新技法について  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏, 福原英之, 千葉学, 今野秀一, 荒木大輔, 孫田敏, 伊藤徳彦

  第63回日本生態学会（仙台）  2016/03
• Potential of near-surface remote sensing for ecological study of forest canopy.  [Not invited]

  Nakaji Taturo, Nakamura Masahiro, Oguma Hiroyuki, Hiura Tsutom

  International workshop on forest canopies: Frontiers of ecosystem services, China, Yunnan  2015/10
• Long-term soil warming experiment of mature oak trees in northern Japan.  [Not invited]

  Nakamura Masahiro, Nakaji Taturo, Hiura Tsutom

  International workshop on forest canopies: Frontiers of ecosystem services, China, Yunnan  2015/10
• Deer bark stripping alters spatially distribution of insect herbivory within a willow tree.  [Not invited]

  Nakamura Masahiro, Tanaka Motonobu

  5th International Wildlife Management Congress, Sapporo, Japan  2015/07
• The influence of N fertilization on the interaction between plants and herbivore insects.  [Not invited]

  Lee J, Nakamura M, Hiura T

  第62回日本生態学会（鹿児島）  2015/03
• Leaf phenology and insect grazing of Japanese white birch saplings grown under free-air ozone exposure.  [Not invited]

  Sakikawa,T, M. Nakamura, K. Takagi, F. Satoh, T. Koike

  2nd Joint symposium between Nankai University and Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan  2015/02
• 開放系オゾン付加施設で生育したシラカンバ若齢木の葉への食害.  [Not invited]

  崎川哲一, 中村誠宏, 渡辺誠, 佐藤冬樹, 小池孝良

  第63回北方森林学会、札幌  2014/11
• Effects of long-term soil warming on fine root dynamics in mature oak stand in northern Japan.  [Not invited]

  Fukuzawa K, Nakaji T, Nakamura M, Oguma H, Hiura T

  6th International symposium on physiological processes in roots of woody plants, Nagoya, Japan  2014/11
• From soil to canopy warming in temperature forests in Hokkaido, Japan: It’s all ecology.  [Not invited]

  Muller O, Nakamura M, Nakaji T, Hiura T

  99th ESA Annual Meeting, USA, Sacrament  2014/08
• Open-field warming experiments on soil carbon fluxes and pools in cool-temperature deciduous forests in Japan.  [Not invited]

  Noh N, Kuribayashi M, Saitoh TM, Nakamura M, Nakaji T, Hiura T, Muraoka H

  BIOGEOMON2014, Germany, Bayreuth  2014/07
• Long-term ecological research in Japanese forests: Monitoring, experiment and data management.  [Not invited]

  Nakamura M, Niwa S, Hidaka A, Maita E

  The 6th EAFES, Haikou, China  2014/04
• シカの樹皮剥ぎがヤナギ上の植食性昆虫群集に与える植物を介した間接効果  [Not invited]

  田中幹展, 中村誠宏

  第60回日本生態学会大会 静岡  2013/03
• 温度変化がダケカンバの樹冠葉の食害に与える影響—標高勾配によるパターンと温暖化操作実験を用いた検証—  [Not invited]

  蓑島萌子, 齊藤隆, 日浦勉, 柴田英昭, 中村誠宏

  第60回日本生態学会 静岡  2013/03
• Global warming effect on plant-insect interactions in northern forests.  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏

  第60回日本生態学会 静岡  2013/03
• Multiple indirect effects of deer bark stripping on herbivore community.  [Not invited]

  M.Tanaka, M. Nakamura

  Third Japan-Taiwan Ecological Workshop (Global COE program) (Sapporo, Japan)  2012/11
• Simulated warming experiments in ecology  [Not invited]

  Masahiro Nakamura

  3rd Japan-Taiwan Ecological Workshop (Sapporo, Japan)  2012/11
• Global warming effect on plant and insect interactions in forests.  [Not invited]

  Masahiro Nakamura

  Fifth Joint Northern Environmental Research Symposium 2012 (Oulu, Finland)  2012/09
• Simulated warming effects on plant-insect interactions in a cold temperature region.  [Not invited]

  M. Nakamura, T. Nakaji, T. Hiura, O Muller

  5th EAFES International Congress (Otsu, Japan)  2012/03
• The variety of indirect effects of deer bark stripping.  [Not invited]

  M.Tanaka, M. Nakamura

  5th EAFES（East Asian Federation of Ecological Societies） (Otsu, Japan)  2012/03
• Does warm temperature drive inter-annual variation of seed production in Quercus crispula?  [Not invited]

  Y. Miyazaki, M. Nakamura

  第59回日本生態学会 滋賀  2012/03
• 洪水撹乱による光環境の変化に対するヤナギの成長戦略  [Not invited]

  田中幹展, 中村誠宏

  123回日本森林学会大会 宇都宮  2012/03
• Simulated warming effects on plant-insect interactions in a cold temperate region.  [Not invited]

  Masahiro Nakamura

  Sustainability Weeks 2011 Finland Days  (Hokkaido, Japan)  2011/10
• Plant-mediated indirect effects on insect communities.  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏

  第58回日本生態学会 札幌  2011/03
• 温暖化を仮想したミズナラのイソプレン放出  [Not invited]

  松永壮, O. Muller, 中村誠宏, 中路達郎, 日浦勉

  第16回大気化学検討会 東京  2010/11
• Experimental warming in a forest ecosystem and its effect on herbivory.  [Not invited]

  Masahiro Nakamura

  The 4th EAFES International Congress in conjunction with the 8th ILTER-EAP Regional Conference  (Sangju, Korea)  2010/09
• Estimate of leaf chemical defensive materials by hyperspectral reflectance in experimentally warmed oak trees.  [Not invited]

  T. Nakaji, S. Tayanagi, O. Muller, M. Nakamura, H. Oguma, T. Hiura

  UK-JAPAN WORKSHOP on Forests and Climate Change (Tokyo, Japan)  2010/08
• Change in leaf traits by experimental warming of adult oak trees.  [Not invited]

  O. Muller, M. Nakamura, K. Hikosaka, T. Hiura

  第57回日本生態学会 東京  2010/03
• Soil and branch warming affect leaf traits in the canopy of tall mature oak tree.  [Not invited]

  O. Muller, M. Nakamura, K. Hikosaka, T Hiura

  5th International Canopy Conference  (Bangalore, India)  2009/10
• ブナ葉を利用する植食性昆虫の緯度勾配  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏

  日本植物学会75回大会 山形  2009/09
• ブナを利用する植食性昆虫群集の地理的変異  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏, 稲荷尚記, 日浦勉

  第56回日本生態学会 盛岡  2009/03
• Latutuinal difference in insect-plant interactions on beech canopies.  [Not invited]

  M. Nakamura, N. Inari, T. Hiura

  The 8th IUFRO International Beech Symposium organized by IUFRO working party 1.01.07 (Hokkaido, Japan)  2008/09
• 林冠木個体への強い食害に対する植物と昆虫群集の時間遅れの応答  [Not invited]

  小暮慎一郎, 中村誠宏, 日浦勉, 戸田正憲

  第55回日本生態学会 福岡  2008/03
• ミズナラ樹木地下部の温暖化が林冠部の昆虫群集に与える影響  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏, 日浦勉

  第55回日本生態学会 福岡  2008/03
• ブナの葉を摂食するギルド毎の被食量の緯度勾配  [Not invited]

  日浦勉, 中村誠宏

  第54回日本生態学会 愛媛  2007/03
• 地球温暖化が北方森林生態系に与える影響：電熱線を用いた野外操作実験  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏, 日浦勉

  第54回日本生態学会 愛媛  2007/03
• 林冠木個体全体への強い食害に対する植物形質と昆虫群集の応答  [Not invited]

  小暮慎一郎, 中村誠宏, 日浦勉, 戸田正憲

  第54回日本生態学会 愛媛  2007/03
• ヤナギの補償生長が節足動物の共存を促進する  [Not invited]

  内海俊介, 中村誠宏, 大串隆之

  第54回日本生態学会 愛媛  2007/03
• Tomakomai Experimental Forest (TOEF).  [Not invited]

  T. Hiura, M. Murakami, M. Nakamura

  The 6th Conference of East Asia and Pacific Regional Network of International Long-Term Ecological Research (Kyoto, Japan)  2006/03
• Ministry of the environment’s “Monitoring-sites 1000” program: study of forest ecosystems.  [Not invited]

  M. Nakamura, A. Toyota, S. Nagayama

  The 6th Conference of East Asia and Pacific Regional Netw-Term Ecological Research (Kyoto, Japan)  2006/03
• 伐採後に生じるボトムアップ・カスケード：ヤナギの補償生長が植食性・捕食性節足動物の多様性を促進する  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏, 加賀田秀樹, 大串隆之

  第53回日本生態学会 新潟  2006/03
• モニタリングサイト1000 森林分野の現状と課題  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏

  第6回PlotNet会議 東京  2006/01
• Latitudinal and altitudinal patterns in species richness and mortality factors of the galling sawflies on willows in Japan.  [Not invited]

  H. Roininen, T. Ohgushi, A. Zinovjev, R. Virtanen, V. Vikberg, K. Matsushita, M. Nakamura, T. Veteli

  The 4th International Symposium of Gall Forming Insects and Symposium of the IUFRO Working Group 7.03.02 Gall-Forming Insects (Kyoto, Japan)  2005/09
• Gall-initiation stimulates willow regrowth and indirectly benefits other insect herbivores.  [Not invited]

  Masahiro Nakamura

  The 4th International Symposium of Gall Forming Insects and Symposium of the IUFRO Working Group 7.03.02 Gall-Forming Insects (Kyoto, Japan)  2005/09
• Evolution of branch propagation under heavily disturbed environments.  [Not invited]

  T. Miki, M. Nakamura, Y. Kobayashi

  ESA-INTECOL Joint Meeting (90th Annual Meeting of ESA) (Quebec, Canada)  2005/08
• 洪水攪乱によって生じるボトムアップカスケード：ヤナギの再生長がハムシとその捕食者を増加させる  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏, 内海俊介, 三木健, 大串隆之

  第52回日本生態学会 大阪  2005/03
• 鱗翅目幼虫がハマキを作ることで他の植食性昆虫に与える影響—エコシステム・エンジニアから間接効果を考えるー  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏

  日本昆虫学会第64回大会 札幌  2004/09
• 昆虫群集における植物の形質変化を介して生じるプラスの間接効果  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏

  第51回日本生態学会 釧路  2004/08
• ゴール形成によって生じるプラスの間接効果：質の高い食物資源の供給  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏

  ゴール形成によって生じるプラスの間接効果：質の高い食物資源の供給  2004/03
• 洪水による攪乱がヤナギの成長とその上の節足動物に与える影響：ヤナギの補償成長により促進されるボトムアップカスケード効果  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏, 内海俊介, 大串隆之

  日本生態学会 近畿地区大会 京都  2003/12
• Flooding facilitates bottom-up cascades through three triophic levels: sprouting increase herbivores and their predators.  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏, 内海俊介, 大串隆之

  第21回個体群シンポジウム 筑波  2003/10
• 昆虫種間に生じるプラスの間接効果—「食」と「住」の提供—  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏, 大串隆之

  京都大学生態学研究センター公募研究会「生物間相互作用網の多様性促進機能」 滋賀  2002/11
• タマバエがヤナギの補償的成長を介して植食性昆虫に与えるプラスの間接効果  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏, 大串隆之

  第49回日本生態学会 仙台  2002/03
• タマバエが植物を介してヤナギの上の昆虫群集に与える影響  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏, 大串隆之

  第20回個体群生態学会シンポジウム 山形  2001/10
• 植物を介して昆虫種間に生じるプラスの間接効果—「食」と「住」の提供—  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏, 大串隆之

  京都大学生態学研究センター公募研究会「生態系ネットワークの構造：間接効果を組み込む」 滋賀  2001/09
• ジャヤナギの上での植食性昆虫間の間接的相互作用—ハムシ成虫とアブラムシを繋げるものは何か？—  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏, 大串隆之

  第48回日本生態学会 熊本  2001/03
• ハマキによって創り出される植食性昆虫間の間接的相互作用  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏, 大串隆之

  日本生態学会 北海道地区大会 苫小牧  2000/02
• ヤナギの上でのハマキを介した間接的相互作用：鱗翅目幼虫、アブラムシ、アリ、ヤナギルリハムシを通したドミノ効果  [Not invited]

  中村誠宏, 大串隆之

  第19回個体群生態学会シンポジウム 滋賀  1999/10

MISC

• Evaluation of ecological restoration using a simplified construction method of topsoil block transplantation for slope revegetation

  中村 誠宏, 寺田 千里, 湯浅 浩喜, 古田 雄一, 高橋 裕樹, 藤原 拓也, 佐藤 厚子, 孫田 敏, 伊藤 徳彦  保全生態学研究 = Japanese journal of conservation ecology  24-  (2)  231  -242  2019/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 森林生態リモートセンシング研究のための大規模森林調査プロットの整備

  中路達郎, 秋津朋子, 吉田俊也, 日浦勉, 中村誠宏, 柴田英昭, 奈佐原顕郎  日本森林学会大会学術講演集  128th-  242  2017/03/26  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 長期の土壌温暖化実験がミズナラ上の植物と昆虫の相互作用に与える影響

  中村誠宏, 中路達郎, 日浦勉  日本生態学会大会講演要旨(Web)  64th-  ROMBUNNO.M01‐05 (WEB ONLY)  2017  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 異なるO3濃度及び土壌条件下で生育した落葉広葉樹稚樹の虫害．

  井上航, Vanderstock A, 崎川哲一, 中村誠宏, 齊藤秀之, 渋谷正人, 小池孝良  北方森林研究  64-  41  -43  2016  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 開放形オゾン暴露施設で生育したシラカンバ葉に対するハンノキハムシの食害応答．

  崎川哲一, 中村誠宏, 渡辺誠, 小池孝良  北方森林研究  64-  35  -36  2016  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 開放系オゾン付加施設で生育したシラカンバ若齢木の葉への食害.

  崎川哲一, 中村誠宏, 渡辺誠, 佐藤冬樹, 小池孝良  北方森林研究  63-  39  -40  2015  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 音威子府バイパスにおける森林復元緑化の試み．

  小葉松将史, 掛田浩司, 中村誠宏  開発局技術研究会  2014  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 気温変化がダケカンバの樹冠葉の食害度に与える影響―標高勾配によるパターンと温暖化操作実験を用いた検証―

  簑島萌子, 齊藤隆, 日浦勉, 柴田英昭, 中村誠宏  日本生態学会大会講演要旨集  60th-  289  2013/03/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 表土ブロック移植の簡易工法開発実験とモニタリング指標の検討．

  酒向孝裕, 中村誠宏ほか  野生動物と交通  2013  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Distribution survey of aquatic invasive species in the Nakagawa Experimental Forest and adjacent areas

  田森郁子, 中村誠宏ほか  北方森林保全技術  30-  (30)  29  -33  2012  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 照査法試験の現状と今後の展開．

  奥田篤志, 中村誠宏  北方森林保全技術  30-  13  -18  2012  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 北海道の冷温帯林における地温上昇が細根動態に及ぼす影響

  福澤加里部, 中路達郎, 中村誠宏, 小熊宏之, 日浦勉  日本森林学会大会学術講演集(CD-ROM)  122nd-  ROMBUNNO.J31  2011/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 温暖化処理に伴うミズナラ林冠木の被食量の変化とハイパースペクトル画像による葉の防御物質の評価

  日浦勉, 中路達郎, 田柳詩織, 中村誠宏, MULLER Onno, 小熊宏之  日本生態学会大会講演要旨集  58th-  456  2011/03/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Report on restoration situation of forest roads damaged by heavy rains of July and August 2010 in Nakagawa Experimental Forest

  田中美咲, 中村誠宏  北方森林保全技術  29-  (29)  14  -21  2011  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Hypothesis testing : recommended approach for long-term monitoring studies : Case studies of oak acorn production and deer population

  中村誠宏, 岸田治  北方森林保全技術  29-  (29)  30  -35  2011  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ブナを利用する植食性昆虫群集の地理的変異

  中村誠宏, 稲荷尚記, 日浦勉  日本生態学会大会講演要旨集  56th-  258  2009/03/17  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ミズナラ樹木地下部の温暖化が林冠部の昆虫群集に与える影響

  中村誠宏, 日浦勉  日本生態学会大会講演要旨集  55th-  218  2008/03/14  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 林冠木個体への強い食害に対する植物と昆虫群集の時間遅れの応答

  小暮慎一郎, 中村誠宏, 日浦勉, 戸田正憲  日本生態学会大会講演要旨集  55th-  435  2008/03/14  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• モニタリングサイト1000（森林調査）の現状と課題.

  石原正恵, 豊田鮎, 中村誠宏  長期生態系モニタリングの現状と課題ー温暖化影響と生態系応答ー  73  -74  2008  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 地下部の温暖化が林冠部の植食性昆虫群集に与える影響．

  中村誠宏, 日浦勉  長期生態系モニタリングの現状と課題ー温暖化影響と生態系応答ー  99  -100  2008  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Latitudinal different impacts of different feeding types of herbivore insects on beech canopies.

  M. Nakamura, N. Inari, T. Hiura  Proceedings of The 8th IUFRO International Beech Symposium  211  -213  2008  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 林冠木個体全体への強い食害に対する植物形質と昆虫群集の応答

  小暮慎一郎, 中村誠宏, 日浦勉, 戸田正憲  日本生態学会大会講演要旨集  54th-  165  2007/03/19  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ブナの葉を摂食するギルド毎の被食量の緯度勾配

  日浦勉, 中村誠宏  日本生態学会大会講演要旨集  54th-  380  2007/03/19  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 地球温暖化が北方森林生態系に与える影響:電熱線を用いた野外操作実験

  中村誠宏, 日浦勉  日本生態学会大会講演要旨集  54th-  165  2007/03/19  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  

Awards & Honors

• 2013/03 日本生態学会 宮地賞
   

  受賞者: 中村誠宏

Research Grants & Projects

• 気候変動に伴う温暖化と台風巨大化の複合効果が暖帯林の群集と生態系機能へ与える影響

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費補助金、基盤研究(C)

  Date (from‐to) : 2018/04 -2021/03 

  Author : 中村誠宏
• オゾン増加環境での落葉樹の植物起源揮発性有機化合物と食葉性昆虫の動態解明

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費補助金、挑戦的萌芽研究

  Date (from‐to) : 2016/04 -2018/03 

  Author : 小池孝良
• 気候変動と樹木種内の遺伝的多様性が深林の生態的プロセスに与える複合効果

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費補助金、基盤研究(C)

  Date (from‐to) : 2014/04 -2017/03 

  Author : 中村誠宏
• 炭素フラックス観測サイトへの窒素散布実験による物質循環と生物多様性変化の解明

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費補助金、基盤研究(B)

  Date (from‐to) : 2013/04 -2016/03 

  Author : 日浦勉
• 大規模操作実験と地理的環境勾配を用いた冷温帯林生態系機能の地理分化の解明

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費補助金、基盤研究(A)

  Date (from‐to) : 2009 -2011 

  Author : 日浦勉
• 地球温暖化に対する冷温帯森林生態系の生物多様性の応答

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費補助金、研究活動スタート支援

  Date (from‐to) : 2009 -2010 

  Author : 中村誠宏

Educational Activities

Teaching Experience

Social Contribution

Social Contribution

Social Contribution

• 生き物の生態について

  Date (from-to) : 2018/07/09

  Role : Lecturer

  Sponser, Organizer, Publisher  : 古座川町高池小学校
• 温暖化がもたらす森の昆虫のゆくえ

  Date (from-to) : 2015/11/17

  Role : Lecturer

  Sponser, Organizer, Publisher  : UHB大学
• 森の昆虫と地球温暖化

  Date (from-to) : 2014/04/23

  Role : Lecturer

  Sponser, Organizer, Publisher  : 第19回時計台サロン
• 森林と温暖化の関係

  Date (from-to) : 2012/09/22

  Role : Lecturer

  Sponser, Organizer, Publisher  : 音威子府バイパス事業工事業者協議会研修会