Researcher Profile and Settings

Master

Affiliation (Master)

• Research Faculty of Agriculture　Fundamental AgriScience Research　Bioscience and Chemistry

Affiliation (Master)

• Research Faculty of Agriculture　Fundamental AgriScience Research　Bioscience and Chemistry

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Profile and Settings

Affiliation

• Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Agriculture Research Faculty of Agriculture, Director

Degree

• Master of Agriculture（Hokkaido University）
• Doctor of Agriculture（Hokkaido University）

Profile and Settings

• Name (Japanese)

  Shinano

• Name (Kana)

  Takuro

• Name

  200901054157389468

Alternate Names

https://plantnutritionhu.wixsite.com/index

Affiliation

• Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Agriculture Research Faculty of Agriculture, Director

Achievement

Research Interests

• Mitigation of radioactive materials transfer   Radioactive Cs   根圏   必須元素   メタボローム   メタゲノム   イオノーム   土壌微生物   ICP-MS   根分泌物   一酸化二窒素   GC-MS   UPLC-MS   植物栄養学   光合成能   初期光合成産物   網羅的無機分析   イオノミクス   有害元素   土壌RNA   高等植物   一次代謝産物   有害金属   植物系統樹   イネ科   LC-MS   病害土壌   植物生理   根圏微生物   作物栄養   Plant Nutrition   

Research Areas

• Environmental science/Agricultural science / Landscape science
• Environmental science/Agricultural science / Environmental agriculture
• Environmental science/Agricultural science / Agricultural environmental and information engineering
• Life sciences / Plant nutrition, soil science

Research Experience

• 2019/04 - Today Hokkaido University Research Faculty of Agriculture Professor
• 2013/04 - 2019/03 NARO TARC, Agricultural Radiation Research Center Director
• 2008/04 - 2013/03 National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
• 2003/12 - 2008/03 -北海道大学創成科学共同研究機構 流動研究部門 准教授
• 2002/04 - 2008/03 -北海道大学大学院農学研究科助教授
• 2002/06 - 2002/08 ドイツ マーティン・ルター大学研究員
• 1990/12 - 2002/03 Hokkaido University Faculty of Agriculture
• 2001/11 - 2002/01 ブラジル サンパウロ大学研究員

Education

•        - 1988  Hokkaido University
•        - 1988  Hokkaido University  Graduate School, Division of Agriculture
•        - 1986  Hokkaido University  Faculty of Agriculture
•        - 1986  Hokkaido University  Faculty of Agriculture

Committee Memberships

• 2022/09 - Today   International Union of Soil Science   Division 4.2 vice chair
• 2002 -2003   Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition   General Affairs of Hokkaido Branch   Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
• 2002   Hokkaido Dojyo Hiryo Konwakai   Committee   Hokkaido Dojyo Hiryo Konwakai
• 2001   The Society of Tropical Agriculture   Editorial Committee   The Society of Tropical Agriculture

Awards

• 2022/09 日本土壌肥料学会 若手口頭発表優秀賞
   土壌‐作物系への岩石散布に伴う風化促進による炭素隔離および作物生育の Co-benefit の検証 

  受賞者: 東和喜・中尾淳・信濃卓郎・万福裕造・久保堅司・丸山隼人・佐藤孝・矢内純太
• 2022/09 日本土壌肥料学会 若手ポスター発表優秀賞
   ミナトカモジグサ菌根共生系にお けるリン獲得の菌種特徴的分子機構 

  受賞者: 永山航平・菅井徹人・ 佐藤匠・神山拓也・ 市橋泰範・渡部敏裕・ 信濃卓郎・丸山隼人
• 2019/03 日本作物学会 Distinguished paper award
   Effect of soil exchangeable potassium content on cesium absorption and partitioning in buckwheat grown in a radioactive cesium-contaminated field. 

  受賞者: Kubo, K;Fujimura, S;Kobayashi, H;Ota, T;Shinano, T
• 2018/05 日本土壌肥料学会 学会賞
   

  受賞者: 信濃 卓郎
• 2016/10 NARO Special Prize II
   

  受賞者: 加藤 直人, 信濃 卓郎, 太田 健, 久保 堅司, 内田 智子, 松波 寿弥, 江口 哲也, 島田 信二, 小林 浩幸, 関口 哲生, 栂村 恭子, 山田 大吾, 渋谷 岳 , 木方 展治, 山口 紀子, 原田 久富美, 渡邊 好昭, 伊藤 純雄, 木村 武
• 2013/09 日本土壌肥料学会 優秀ポスター賞
   ダイズ根系が根圏土壌へ分泌した有機物の可視化と定量解析 

  受賞者: 尹 永根, 鈴井 伸郎, 河地 有木, 石井 里美,小柳 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 藤巻 秀
• 2013/06 日本土壌微生物学会 最優秀ポスター賞
   ジャガイモ根関連細菌の培養解析 

  受賞者: 染谷 信孝, 海野 佑介, 信濃 卓郎, 津田 昌吾, 池田 成志, 関口 博之
• 2008/05 日本土壌肥料学会 ポスター賞
   アブラナ科植物に対する堆肥施用効果の代謝産物および遺伝子発現プロファイリング 

  受賞者: 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎, 岡 紀邦, 和崎 淳, 中村 卓司, 大崎 満, 建部 雅子
• 2000 土壤肥料学会奨励賞
  
• 2000 The Progress Award, Japanese Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
  

Published Papers

• Examination of the reliability of X‐ray powder diffraction analysis to determine mineral composition of soils

  Kohei Kurokawa, Kazuki Azuma, Atsushi Nakao, Atsuhito Suzuki, Shokichi Wakabayashi, Shigeto Fujimura, Takuro Shinano, Junta Yanai

  Soil Science Society of America Journal 0361-5995 2024/09/12 

  Abstract X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) is an effective technique for identifying and quantifying mineral types in soil. However, few studies have compared quantitative values based on XRPD with those from conventional wet chemical methods (WCMs). Here, we determined the primary mineral content in artificial mineral mixtures and 79 agricultural soils from across Japan using WCMs and two XRPD‐based quantitative methods: the mineral intensity factor (MIF) and the full‐pattern summation (FPS) methods performed with the powdR package for R. For artificial mixtures, the accuracy of mineral content determination (i.e., micas, quartz, K‐feldspar, and plagioclase) followed the order: WCMs > FPS > MIF. For Japanese agricultural soils, the contents of each mineral were highly similar between WCMs and FPS, based on mean absolute differences and correlation coefficients. Alternatively, MIF displayed lower similarities with WCMs, likely due to preferred orientation and peak shift or overlap issues. Using the FPS method, the mica and amorphous phase contents were positively and significantly correlated with nonexchangeable K content and cation exchange capacity, respectively. Additionally, the plagioclase content was negatively and significantly correlated with clay content. Thus, the powdR‐based FPS method is recommended for determining the mineral composition of soils, as it allows for a clearer and more quantitative demonstration of the relationship between individual minerals and soil properties.
• Effects of cattle manure compost application on crop growth and soil-to-crop transfer of cesium in a physically radionuclide-decontaminated field

  Masataka Suzuki, Katashi Kubo, Mayumi Hachinohe, Takashi Sato, Hirofumi Tsukada, Noriko Yamaguchi, Toshihiro Watanabe, Hayato Maruyama, Takuro Shinano

  Science of The Total Environment 167939  2023/11 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Influence of fluorine content of potassium trioctahedral micas on plant availability of interlayer potassium and effectiveness to reduce radiocesium uptake by paddy rice

  Tetsuya Eguchi, Hisaya Matsunami, Shigeto Fujimura, Takuro Shinano

  Applied Clay Science 243 107049 - 107049 0169-1317 2023/10 [Refereed]
  
• 1 定植栽培による緑肥作物すき込み後の作付の早期化の可能性（北海道支部講演会）

  内林 大志, 平田 聡之, 信濃 卓郎

  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 69 213 - 213 0288-5840 2023/09/04
• 1. “Oimics”דsoil science and plant nutrition”: A new horizon

  Nishida Sho, Shinano Takuro

  Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 94 (3) 208 - 209 0029-0610 2023/06/05
• Potassium applications reduced cesium uptake and altered strontium translocation in soybean plants

  Muhamad Syaifudin, Masataka Suzuki, Hayato Maruyama, Katashi Kubo, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano

  Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 2023/03/04 [Refereed]
  
• Reduction of Radiocesium in Internal- and Surface-Contaminated Komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis) during Washing and Processing

  Mayumi Hachinohe, Hideshi Fujiwara, Takuro Shinano, Hayato Maruyama, Katashi Kubo, Takashi Saito

  Journal of Food Protection 86 (3) 100060 - 100060 0362-028X 2023/03 [Refereed]
  
• Potassium buffering characteristics and detection of soils with challenges in evaluating radiocesium uptake risk of crops by exchangeable potassium

  Tetsuya Eguchi, Daigo Yamada, Takashi Hirayama, Kazuhiro Kohata, Noboru Kanno, Naoto Nihei, Shoichiro Hamamoto, Katashi Kubo, Takashi Saito, Takuro Shinano

  ARCHIVES OF AGRONOMY AND SOIL SCIENCE 0365-0340 2023/02 [Refereed]
   

  In surrounding areas influenced by the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, the radiocesium uptake by crops was evaluated based on soil exchangeable K. As risk evaluation does not function effectively in several fields, K buffering was characterized using quantity/intensity (Q/I) relationship analysis to evaluate the availability of exchangeable K. The results of the analysis clearly explain the difficulty in the risk evaluation: i) difficulty in increasing exchangeable K, owing to retention as non-exchangeable K by vermiculite; ii) difficulty in retaining exchangeable K due to low K buffering capacity, reflecting the lack of K-selective clay minerals; and iii) difficulty in increasing soil solution K intensity due to high K buffering capacity, reflecting the abundance of K-selective clay minerals. Among the parameters calculated from the Q/I relationship analysis, beta values, corresponding to the retention rate of loaded K to the soil, for total K (beta t), exchangeable K (beta e), and non-exchangeable K (beta n) would be useful as simple indicators of soils with a predicament in the risk evaluation of radiocesium uptake by crops through exchangeable K. These soils showed distinctively low beta t values (0.18 or lower), high beta e value (0.37 or higher), or high beta n/beta t ratio (0.53 or higher).
• Different nitrogen acquirement and utilization strategies might determine the ecological competition between ferns and angiosperms

  Chengming Zhang, Chaoqun Zhang, Takayuki Azuma, Hayato Maruyama, Takuro Shinano, Toshihiro Watanabe

  Annals of Botany 0305-7364 2023/01/20 [Refereed]
   

  Abstract Background and Aims The abundance or decline of fern populations in response to environmental change has been found to be largely dependent on specific physiological properties that distinguish ferns from angiosperms. Many studies have focused on water use efficiency and stomatal behaviours, but the effects of nutrition acquirement and utilization strategies on niche competition between ferns and flowering plants are rarely reported. Methods We collected 34 ferns and 42 angiosperms from the Botanic Garden of Hokkaido University for nitrogen (N), sulphur (S), NO3− and SO42− analysis. We then used a hydroponic system to compare the different N and S utilization strategies between ferns and angiosperms under N deficiency conditions. Key Results Ferns had a significantly higher NO3−-N concentration and NO3−-N/N ratio than angiosperms, although the total N concentration in ferns was remarkably lower than that in the angiosperms. Meanwhile, a positive correlation between N and S was found, indicating that nutrient concentration is involved in assimilation. Pteris cretica, a fern species subjected to further study, maintained a slow growth rate and lower N requirement in response to low N stress, while both the biomass and N concentration in wheat (Triticum aestivum) responded quickly to N deficiency conditions. Conclusions The different nutritional strategies employed by ferns and angiosperms depended mainly on the effects of phylogenetic and evolutionary diversity. Ferns tend to adopt an opportunistic strategy of limiting growth rate to reduce N demand and store more pooled nitrate, whereas angiosperms probably utilize N nutrition to ensure as much development as possible under low N stress. Identifying the effects of mineral nutrition on the evolutionary results of ecological competition between plant species remains a challenge.
• Detection of metabolites in rhizosphere of soybean under different status of soil potassium

  Firdausi Nur Azizah, Benito Heru Purwanto, Akira Oikawa, Takuro Shinano, Weiguo Cheng, Keitaro Tawaraya

  Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 69 (2) 69 - 77 0038-0768 2023/01/19 [Refereed]
   

  Nutrient status of plant affects root exudates of plant. Little is known about effect of potassium status on root exudation. Objective of this study was to identify metabolites in rhizosphere soil of soybean under different potassium conditions. Two soybean cultivars (Satonohohoemi (SAT) and Tachinagaha (TAC)) were grown in soil culture under low (K0, without potassium fertilizer) and normal (K2, 0.42 g K kg(-1)) soil potassium status. Soil solutions were collected at 15 and 25 DAS. Metabolites in soil solution were detected by CE-TOF MS. Low potassium tolerance was higher in SAT than TAC. Shoot and root K concentration in SAT was lower in K0 than that in K2. Forty-seven metabolites were detected in rhizosphere soil solution of SAT, TAC and without plant. Low K condition increased 6 and 3 metabolites concentration in soil solution without plant and 2 and 4 metabolites concentration with SAT and 2 and 1 metabolites concentration with TAC, at 15 and 25 DAS, respectively. Low K condition decreased 1 and 1 metabolites concentration in soil solution without plant and 6 and 6 metabolites concentration with SAT and 0 and 2 metabolites concentration with TAC, at 15 and 25 DAS, respectively. Increased and decreased metabolites were different between SAT and TAC. These results suggest that K status affect metabolites in root exudate and rhizosphere microbes of soybean and there is cultivar difference in these metabolites.
• Radioactive Cs transfer to vegetables after the FDNPP accident

  Takuro Shinano, Satoshi Asaeda, Saeko Yashiro, Takashi Saito, Hayato Maruyama, Tomoaki Nemoto, Mayumi Hachinohe

  Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 2023/01/02
• The ratio of plant 137Cs to exchangeable 137Cs in soil is a crucial factor in explaining the variation in 137Cs transferability from soil to plant.

  Masataka Suzuki, Tetsuya Eguchi, Kazuki Azuma, Atsushi Nakao, Katashi Kubo, Shigeto Fujimura, Muhamad Syaifudin, Hayato Maruyama, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano

  The Science of the total environment 857 (Pt 1) 159208 - 159208 2022/10/05 [Refereed]
   

  To mitigate radioactive cesium from soil to plant, increasing and maintaining the exchangeable potassium (ExK) level during growth is widely accepted after Tokyo Electric Company's Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Plant accident in Japan. This is because the antagonistic relationship between soil solution K and 134Cs + 137Cs (RCs) concentrations changes the transfer factor (TF: designated as the ratio of radioactivity of plant organ to soil) of RCs. As the relationship between ExK and TF depends on the soil types, crop species, and other environmental factors, the required amount of ExK should be set to a safe side. Eleven years after the accident, as the activity of 134Cs was almost negligible, 137Cs became the main RCs in most of the agricultural fields in Fukushima Prefecture. We propose a new indicator, the concentration ratio of plant 137Cs to soil exchangeable 137Cs (Ex137Cs), instead of TF, which showed a better correlation with ExK even among soils with different properties (or mineralogy).
• P4-3-9 アルミニウム集積植物メラストーマにおけるFRD3タイプMATE のアルミニウム輸送への関与（4-3 植物の有害元素 2022年度東京大会）

  坂口 文香, 丸山 隼人, 佐々木 孝行, 西田 翔, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕

  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 68 59 - 59 0288-5840 2022/09/05
• 4-4-4 パプリカ果実における部位別の元素動態と尻腐れ果発症との関係（4-4 植物の代謝成分と農作物の品質 2022年度東京大会）

  荒川 竜太, 鳥山 星呂, アクリッシュ 穂波, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 丸山 隼人

  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 68 62 - 62 0288-5840 2022/09/05
• Growth and nitrogen use characteristics of black locust, an invasive alien species, grown under different light and CO₂ conditions

  Satoshi Kitaoka, Saki Fujita, Yoko Watanabe, DongSu Choi, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Fuyuki Satoh, Takayoshi Koike

  Eurasian Journal of Forests Research 22 28 - 32 2022/04 [Refereed][Invited]
  
• Relationship between soil phosphorus dynamics and low-phosphorus responses at specific root locations of white lupine

  Ayane Kan, Hayato Maruyama, Nao Aoyama, Jun Wasaki, Yoshiko Tateishi, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano

  Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 0038-0768 2022 [Refereed]
   

  Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for crop production; however, availability tends to be low due to slow diffusion and high fixation in soils. To cope with phosphate deficiency, white lupines (Lupinus albus L.) form unique root structures called cluster roots. The objective of this study was to elucidate detailed spatial differences of the mechanisms under low-P condition in the root system using rhizoboxes. We cultivated plants in rhizoboxes with P-deficient soil for 33 days. We then harvested roots and the adjacent soil from 128 compartments by dividing 2 × 2 cm squares in the rhizoboxes. We investigated relative expression levels of several genes that encode proteins assumed to be involved in P solubilization or translocation. Additionally, we analyzed fractionated P, soluble metal cations (Fe, Al, and Mn), and enzyme activities in the soil of each compartment. We observed a significant positive correlation between one of the MATE (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion/detoxification) genes, LaMATE6, and soluble metal cations, suggesting the secretion of citric acid into the rhizosphere via MATE proteins increased soluble metal cation concentrations. Furthermore, we demonstrated that roots in the same developmental stages were likely to have different influences on the mobilization of fractionated P in the rhizosphere soil. Our findings highlight the importance of investigating the relationship between soil chemical properties and root functions at a high spatial resolution to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of P mobilization by plants.
• Ionomic Profiling of Rice Genotypes and Identification of Varieties with Elemental Covariation Effects

  Zhang Chengming, Nobuhiro Tanaka, Maria Stefanie Dwiyanti, Matthew Shenton, Hayato Maruyama, Takuro Shinano, Chu Qingnan, Xie Jun, Toshihiro Watanabe

  Rice Science 29 (1) 76 - 88 1672-6308 2022/01 [Refereed]
   

  Ionomic profiles are primarily influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Identifying ionomic responses to varietal effects is necessary to understand the ionomic variations among species or subspecies and to potentially understand genetic effects on ionomic profiles. We cultivated 120 rice (Oryza sativa) varieties to seedling stage in identical hydroponic conditions and determined the concentrations of 26 elements (including 3 anions) in the shoots and roots of rice. Although the subspecies effects were limited by the genus Oryza pre-framework and its elemental chemical properties, we found significant differences in ionomic variations in most elements among the aus, indica and japonica subspecies. Principal component analysis of the correlations indicated that variations in the root-to-shoot ionomic transport mechanisms were the main causes of ionomic differences among the subspecies. Furthermore, the correlations were primarily associated with the screening of varieties for elemental covariation effects that can facilitate breeding biofortified rice varieties with safe concentrations of otherwise toxic elements. The japonica subspecies exhibited the strongest elemental correlations and elemental covariation effects, therefore, they showed greater advantages for biofortification than the indica and aus subspecies, whereas indica and aus subspecies were likely safer in metal(loid) polluted soils. We also found that geographical and historical distribution significantly defined the ionomic profiles. Overall, the results of this study provided a reference for further association studies to improve the nutritional status and minimize toxicity risks in rice production.
• Nitrogen deficiency-induced molybdenum accumulation in wheat

  Toshihiro Watanabe, Ryoskuke Okada, Soyoka Tokunaga, Hayato Maruyama, Masaru Urayama, Takuro Shinano

  JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION 45 (9) 1413 - 1424 0190-4167 2021/12 [Refereed]
   

  In the present study, we conducted experiments using wheat to elucidate whether the increased accumulation of molybdenum in leaves under nitrogen deficiency is due to the plant's own metabolic response, and further to estimate the role of molybdenum in the nitrogen deficiency response. Even under different growth conditions such as soil culture, hydroponic culture, and aseptic culture, the nitrogen deficiency always increased the molybdenum accumulation in leaves of wheat. Because molybdenum supply to the soil enhanced the growth of wheat under nitrogen deficiency but did not increase plant nitrogen concentration, the increased molybdenum uptake might be involved in the adaptive mechanisms to nitrogen deficiency by increasing nitrogen use efficiency. Wheat under nitrogen deficiency accumulated more molybdenum in lower leaves. Moreover, the nitrogen concentration of wheat grown under nitrogen deficiency increased in the lower leaves and decreased in the upper leaves with the application of molybdenum. These results suggest that molybdenum might affect nitrogen translocation from older to younger leaves.
• Physiological Role of Aerobic Fermentation Constitutively Expressed in an Aluminum-Tolerant Cell Line of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum).

  Yoshiyuki Tsuchiya, Takuji Nakamura, Yohei Izumi, Keiki Okazaki, Takuro Shinano, Yasutaka Kubo, Maki Katsuhara, Takayuki Sasaki, Yoko Yamamoto

  Plant & cell physiology 62 (9) 1460 - 1477 2021/11/17 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Aluminum (Al)-tolerant tobacco cell line ALT301 hardly exhibits Al-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, compared with wild-type line SL. Molecular mechanism leading to this phenotype was investigated comparatively with SL. Under normal growth condition, metabolome data suggested the activation of glycolysis and lactate fermentation but the repression of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in ALT301, namely aerobic fermentation, which seemed to be transcriptionally controlled partly by higher expression of genes encoding lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. Microarray and gene ontology analyses revealed the upregulation of the gene encoding RELATED TO APETALA2.3 (RAP2.3)-like protein, one of the group VII ethylene response factors (ERFVIIs), in ALT301. ERFVII transcription factors are known to be key regulators for hypoxia response which promotes substrate-level ATP production by glycolysis and fermentation. ERFVIIs are degraded under normoxia by the N-end rule pathway of proteolysis depending on both oxygen and nitric oxide (NO), and NO is produced mainly by nitrate reductase (NR) in plants. In ALT301, levels of the NR gene expression (NIA2), NR activity, and NO production were all lower, compared with SL. Consistently, the known effects of NO on respiratory pathways were also repressed in ALT301. Under Al-treatment condition, NO level increased in both lines, but was lower in ALT301. These results suggest that the upregulation of the RAP2.3-like gene and the downregulation of the NIA2 gene and resultant NO depletion in ALT301 coordinately enhance aerobic fermentation, which seems to be related to a higher capacity to prevent ROS production in mitochondria under Al stress.
• Erratum To: Physiological Role of Aerobic Fermentation Constitutively Expressed in an Aluminum-Tolerant Cell Line of Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum).

  Yoshiyuki Tsuchiya, Takuji Nakamura, Yohei Izumi, Keiki Okazaki, Takuro Shinano, Yasutaka Kubo, Maki Katsuhara, Takayuki Sasaki, Yoko Yamamoto

  Plant & cell physiology 62 (6) 1058 - 1058 2021/10/11
• Possible solubilization of various mineral elements in the rhizosphere of Lupinus albus L.

  Atsuhide Takao, Jun Wasaki, Hisae Fujimoto, Hayato Maruyama, Takuro Shinano, Toshihiro Watanabe

  Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 1 - 8 0038-0768 2021/10/07 [Refereed]
  
• Application of Finnish phlogopite to reduce radiocesium uptake by paddy rice.

  Tetsuya Eguchi, Tetsuya Ishikawa, Shigeto Fujimura, Takeshi Ota, Shokichi Wakabayashi, Hisaya Matsunami, Takuro Shinano

  Journal of environmental radioactivity 237 106687 - 106687 2021/10 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Field and pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of coarse Finnish phlogopite application to reduce radiocesium uptake by paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.). The application of phlogopite was expected to reduce radiocesium uptake by crops through K supply and radiocesium retention. Three fields were set in Fukushima Prefecture, and coarse (mean particle size of 450 μm) phlogopite from Siilinjärvi (Finland) was applied at a rate of 5 t ha-1. Paddy rice was cultivated for 2-4 successive years. In all fields, the average 137Cs transfer factor (TF) of brown rice harvested from plots with added phlogopite was significantly lower than that of brown rice from plots without added phlogopite over the 2-4-year experiments. TF was decreased by up to 80% following phlogopite application, without an adverse effect on yield. Exchangeable K and soil solution K were higher in the soils with added phlogopite, suggesting K released from phlogopite reduced 137Cs uptake by paddy rice. Moreover, in a pot cultivation experiment, even when 55% of the total K was removed from phlogopite prior to application, the TF in pots with phlogopite application was less than half of that in pots without added phlogopite. The results from the field study and the pot cultivation experiment suggested that the application of Finnish phlogopite is effective to reduce the TF of brown rice. Exchangeable K and tetraphenylborate-extractable-K (TPB-K) at rooting stage, and soil solution K at tillering and heading stages showed significant negative correlation with TF. TPB-K was significantly positively correlated with soil solution K at tillering stage and heading stage, whereas exchangeable K at rooting stage did not exhibit significant correlation with soil solution K at heading stage. The results suggest that TPB-K is more reliable than exchangeable K, which could facilitate as a basis of K fertilizer recommendation for radiocesium-contaminated fields.
• 4-1-4 シロバナルーピン根域における土壌中リン動態に与える影響の局所的評価（4-1 植物の多量栄養素 2021年度北海道大会）

  菅 あやね, 丸山 隼人, 和崎 淳, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎

  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 67 45 - 45 0288-5840 2021/09/03
• 8-1-11 異なる圃場におけるダイズへの放射性セシウムの移行比較（8-1 環境保全 2021年度北海道大会）

  鈴木 政崇, 藤本 久恵, 浅枝 諭史, 丸山 隼人, 久保 堅司, 藤村 恵人, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎

  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 67 126 - 126 0288-5840 2021/09/03
• 8-1-10 シロバナルーピンの放射性セシウム吸収特性と根圏土壌中元素動態の関係（8-1 環境保全 2021年度北海道大会）

  浅枝 諭史, 丸山 隼人, 藤本 久恵, 久保 堅司, 藤村 恵人, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎

  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 67 126 - 126 0288-5840 2021/09/03
• P4-1-19 トマト尻腐れ発症率の品種間差と果実への無機元素蓄積の関係（4-1 植物の多量栄養素 2021年度北海道大会）

  長谷川 公紀, 渡邊 涼太郎, 丸山 隼人, 金山 喜則, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕

  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 67 58 - 58 0288-5840 2021/09/03
• 4-1-5 異なる土壌における白花ルーピンの根分泌物分布特性の可視化（4-1 植物の多量栄養素 2021年度北海道大会）

  尹 永根, 鈴井 伸郎, 三好 悠太, 海野 佑介, 丸山 隼人, 和崎 淳, 菅 あやね, 圓尾 明子, 渡部 敏裕, 橋本 洋平, 内田 翔子, 信濃 卓郎, 河地 有木

  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 67 45 - 45 0288-5840 2021/09/03
• Ionomic differences between tomato introgression line IL8-3 and its parent cultivar M82 with different trends to the incidence of blossom-end rot

  Toshihiro Watanabe, Ryota Tomizaki, Ryotaro Watanabe, Hayato Maruyama, Takuro Shinano, Masaru Urayama, Yoshinori Kanayama

  SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE 287 0304-4238 2021/09 [Refereed]
   

  Fruit blossom-end rot (BER) is a serious physiological disorder that can cause significant yield losses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Although many studies have suggested that calcium (Ca) deficiency in tomato fruits is a major factor for BER, its onset mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Ionomics is a high-throughput elemental profiling of living organisms that can be applied to understand how differences in plant's physiological status involving inorganic elements. In this study, we examined ionomic differences between the tomato cultivar M82 and its introgression line IL8-3, which contains a short chromosome segment from its wild relative Solanum pennellii on chromosome 8 of M82, and has a low incidence of fruit BER. Among the essential elements, Ca showed marked different behavior between the two lines. IL8-3 showed preferential Ca partitioning to fruits compared with M82. The slow growth rate and high Ca concentration observed in IL8-3 fruit during the early growth stages may also be responsible for the low BER incidence in this line. Although Ca ions bind to cell wall pectin and membrane phospholipids, and contribute to cell structure stability, these components showed no significant differences between fruits of the two lines. The fruit ionome differed considerably between M82 and IL8-3, and was not affected by available Ca status in the field. The M82 fruit had higher concentrations of many elements such as magnesium, potassium, boron, and sulfur than did IL8-3, and this trend was also observed in rotten fruit. This suggests that the influence of the leaf (source), rather than the fruit (sink), could be involved in the onset mechanism of BER.
• Comparative dynamics of potassium and radiocesium in soybean with different potassium application levels.

  Hisaya Matsunami, Tomoko Uchida, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Takeshi Ota, Takuro Shinano

  Journal of environmental radioactivity 233 106609 - 106609 2021/07 [Refereed]
   

  We conducted a field experiment in soybean with different levels of K application to elucidate the comparative dynamics of 137Cs and K. The inventory of K in the shoots increased substantially from the fifth trifoliate stage to the full seed stage, and as the absorption of K increased, so too did the absorption of 137Cs. Overall, the effect of K application was much greater in terms of 137Cs dynamics than K dynamics or biomass production. K application reduced not only the accumulation of 137Cs in the shoots, but also the distribution of 137Cs to the grains. However, the decrease of 137Cs distribution to the grain had a much smaller effect on 137Cs accumulation in the grains than 137Cs absorption. A positive correlation was also observed between the exchangeable 137Cs/K ratio in the soil and the 137Cs/K ratio in the shoots for each growth stage, and the 137Cs/K ratios in the shoots at the full seed and full maturity stage were much higher than those at the fifth trifoliate and full bloom stage under the same exchangeable 137Cs/K ratio in the soil. These findings suggest a decrease in the discrimination of 137Cs from K during absorption after the full bloom stage. As a result of this and the increase in soil-exchangeable 137Cs/K with growth, radiocesium was more transferable to the shoots after the full bloom stage. Overall, these results suggest that lowering the soil-exchangeable radiocesium/potassium ratio after the full bloom stage by increasing K availability could efficiently reduce the transfer of radiocesium to the grains.
• Review: Agricultural Countermeasure against Radiocesium Contaminated Field

  Takuro Shinano

  Journal of Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences 4 (2) 228 - 231 2021/04 [Refereed][Invited]
  
• Comparative study of radioactive cesium transfer from soil to peanut and soybean

  Katashi Kubo, Hayato Maruyama, Hisae Fujimoto, Masataka Suzuki, Ayane Kan, Yusuke Unno, Takuro Shinano

  Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 67 (6) 707 - 715 0038-0768 2021 [Refereed]
   

  Low transfer of radioactive cesium (radiocesium) from soil to grains of agricultural crops is desirable to ensure food safety for humans and animals. Although the transfer of radiocesium from soil to grains is higher in upland crops such as soybean (Glycine max L.) than in paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.), little information related to the specific difference in radiocesium accumulation among leguminous crops is available, or for the relation between soil conditions and radiocesium accumulation in leguminous crops. This study compared the pattern of radiocesium transfer from soil to grains between peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and soybean to elucidate the diversity of radiocesium accumulation in leguminous crops growing with different potassium levels in soil. Pot and field experiments with radiocesium-contaminated soil showed that the radiocesium concentration in grains was lower in peanut than in soybean plants. For peanut, radiocesium absorption was mainly from roots instead of gynophores and fruits formed in the soil. Radiocesium absorption and translocation from roots to shoots were lower in peanut than in soybean plants. Among shoot parts, radiocesium transfers from stems to leaves, shells, and grains were lower in peanut than in soybean plants. Potassium application to the soil decreased the radiocesium transfer from soil to grains in both crops. The radiocesium accumulation was lower in peanut than in soybean under both potassium applied and non-applied conditions. These results underscored the variation in radiocesium transfer from soil to grains in leguminous crops, and demonstrated that peanut plants had lower potential of radiocesium accumulation than soybean plants.
• P4-4-3 温度処理にともなう元素吸収・分配がパプリカの尻腐れ果発症に与える影響（4-4 植物の代謝成分と農作物の品質 2021年度北海道大会）

  鳥山 星呂, 荒川 竜太, 村島 和基, 丸山 隼人, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕

  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 67 78 - 78 0288-5840 2021
• 4-4-2 異なる窒素条件下におけるパプリカ果実の元素組成と尻腐れ果発症との関係（4-4 植物の代謝成分と農作物の品質 2021年度北海道大会）

  荒川 竜太, 村島 和基, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 丸山 隼人

  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 67 76 - 76 0288-5840 2021
• 4-4-3 異なる窒素条件下におけるパプリカ果実の機能性成分解析（4-4 植物の代謝成分と農作物の品質 2021年度北海道大会）

  村島 和基, 荒川 竜太, 丸山 隼人, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎

  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 67 76 - 76 0288-5840 2021
• Soil and vegetation sampling during the early stage of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident and the implication for the emergency preparedness for agricultural systems.

  Yuichi Onda, Lieve Sweeck, Takuro Shinano, Gerd Dercon, A Lee Zhi Yi, H Kato

  Journal of environmental radioactivity 223-224 106373 - 106373 2020/11 [Refereed]
   

  After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, immediate soil and vegetation sampling were conducted according to the action plan of nuclear emergency monitoring; however, analysing the monitoring dataset was difficult because the sampling protocols were not standardised. In this study, the sampling protocols applied just after the FDNPP accident were reviewed, and the monitoring data were analysed. The detailed protocols and results can provide a sound basis for guidelines of soil and vegetation sampling for nuclear emergency monitoring. The activity concentrations of 137Cs and 131I in weed samples measured immediately after the FDNPP accident were related to the air dose rate at 1 m. Consequently, vegetation sampling is recommended when the additional dose rate (above background) is higher than 0.1 μSv/h. To enhance the efficiency of a protective response in the case of a nuclear accident, predetermined sampling points for soil and vegetation sampling should be considered in the preparedness plan for nuclear emergencies. Furthermore, sampling and analytical measurement capacities (time, people, cost) during the early phase after nuclear emergencies need to be considered in the preparedness and action plan, and sampling and measurement exercises are highly recommended.
• Metabolomic analysis of night-released soybean root exudates under high- and low-K conditions

  Tantriani, Takuro Shinano, Weiguo Cheng, Kazuki Saito, Akira Oikawa, Benito Heru Purwanto, Keitaro Tawaraya

  PLANT AND SOIL 456 (1-2) 259 - 276 0032-079X 2020/11 [Refereed]
   

  Aims Root exudates of soybean grown under low-, normal-, and high-K(+)conditions were evaluated using metabolomics. Methods Two soybean cultivars, 'Satonohohoemi' (low-K-tolerant) and 'Tachinagaha' (low-K sensitive), were hydroponically grown with 6 (K6), 60 (K60), and 120 (K120) mg K L(-1)for 7 and 14 days after transplanting (DAT). Root exudates were collected, and metabolites were evaluated using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results Rroot K concentration was lower in K6 and higher in K120 compared to K60. Number of metabolites detected in 'Satonohohoemi' and 'Tachinagaha' was 43 and 39, respectively. Score plot of the principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear grouping of the root exudate metabolites based one three K concentrations and two sampling times, with the first PCA accounting for 65.7% and 71.5% of the variance for the 'Satonohohoemi' and 'Tachinagaha', respectively. High-K conditions enhanced release of root exudate metabolites to rhizosphere in both soybean cultivars from 18% to 42%. However, low-K conditions resulted in a 1.2-fold increase and a 2.5-fold decrease in the release of root exudate metabolites in 'Tachinagaha' and 'Satonohohoemi', respectively, at 7 and 14 DAT. Conclusions These results reveal that soybean roots exude many metabolites in response to high- and low-K conditions. The number of increased metabolites was higher after long-term (14 DAT) compared to that of the short-term (7 DAT) of exposure of high- and low-K conditions. Soybean cultivars differ in the capacity to release metabolites by altering the exudation of specific metabolites for a better adaptation to the high- and low-K conditions.
• Dynamics of radionuclide activity concentrations in weed leaves, crops and of air dose rate after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident.

  Sergey Fesenko, Takuro Shinano, Yuichi Onda, Gerd Dercon

  Journal of environmental radioactivity 222 106347 - 106347 0265-931X 2020/10 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  © 2020 Elsevier Ltd Data on reduction of radioactivity in plants are highly important for making decision on emergency response and remediation of contaminated areas. Dynamics of the 131I and 137Cs concentrations in the weed leaves sampled in the areas affected by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in Japan was assessed for the period March–December 2011. The effective half-lives for 131I and 137Cs of 3.8–4.2 days and 7.1–13.3 days in the weed leaves were calculated for the first two months after the deposition. The approach for assessment of the aggregated transfer factors based on the ambient dose equivalent rate was suggested and validated. The geometric means of the soil to the weed leaves aggregated transfer factors were estimated for June–December 2011. Soil to crop 137Cs- concentration ratios (buckwheat, brown rice and soybean) were estimated for 2011–2016. Soil to crop concentration ratios were found to decrease in the order of soybean > buckwheat > brown rice. The effective half-lives for 137Cs in these crops were estimated to be between 1 and 2.5 years for the period 2011 2016, and longer than 5–7 years after 2016. It was found that these data comply with the Chernobyl related data obtained for similar conditions and complement of international documents on radionuclide transfer in agricultural environment such as the IAEA TRS 472.
• Relationships between air dose rates and radionuclide concentrations in agricultural plants observed in areas affected by the Fukushima Dai-ichi accident.

  Takuro Shinano, Mayumi Hachinohe, Sergey Fesenko

  Journal of environmental radioactivity 222 106359 - 106359 0265-931X 2020/10 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  © 2020 Elsevier Ltd Most of environmental monitoring programs include measurements of the air dose rates and the radionuclides activity concentration in plants. Both these parameters depend on deposition density of radionuclides. Therefore, measurements of one parameter can (with some supplementary information) be used as an indicator for the other parameter. After the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, the Emergency Operation Centre (EOC) operated by the Environmental Radioactivity Monitoring centre of Fukushima and Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) of Japan carried out large sampling programme over different distances from the NPP. The sampling programme was focused on the usage of the weed leaves as a proxy for the prediction of radionuclide transfer to some cultivated plants. The MAFF monitoring programme in 2011–2016 was addressed mainly to agricultural crops. In both cases, the air dose rates were measured at the sites of the sampling. The paper addresses the assessments of relationship between radionuclide activities concentrations in plants and ambient dose rates. The time—dependent relationships were quantified based on weed, buckwheat, brown rice and soybean data obtained in 2011–2016. The recommendations on optimizing emergency sampling programmes based on use of the data of ambient dose rates are also presented.
• Large-scale agricultural soil and food sampling and radioactivity analysis during nuclear emergencies in Japan: Development of technical and organisational procedures for soil and food sampling after the accident.

  Mayumi Hachinohe, Takuro Shinano

  Journal of environmental radioactivity 220-221 106265 - 106265 2020/09/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Most available measurement methods and protocols for radioactive materials are focused on the use of high-precision sampling and analysis and do not consider the practicality of these techniques in the case of large-scale emergencies involving high numbers of samples and measurements. The experience gained after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident has demonstrated a need for optimization of sampling and measurement programmes in the case of nuclear emergency that affects food and agriculture. Under these conditions, resources for implementation of monitoring and allocations for sampling and measurements might be limited, and urgent information is needed for effective emergency response. This paper supplies a historical overview of sampling and analytical techniques for assessment of radionuclides in the agricultural environments and foodstuffs and is intended for use in research, policy and decision-making in nuclear emergency preparedness and response, particularly with respect to large scale accidents.
• Sampling, analysis and modelling technologies for large-scale nuclear emergencies affecting food and agriculture.

  Gerd Dercon, Carl Blackburn, Yuichi Onda, Takuro Shinano, Lieve Sweeck, Amelia Lee Zhi Yi, Sergey Fesenko

  Journal of environmental radioactivity 218 106174 - 106174 0265-931X 2020/07 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Large-scale sampling and radioactivity analysis of agricultural soil and food during nuclear emergencies in Japan: Variations over time in foodstuffs inspection and sampling.

  Mayumi Hachinohe, Takuro Shinano

  Journal of environmental radioactivity 218 106262 - 106262 0265-931X 2020/07 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  © 2020 Elsevier Ltd The measurement of radioactivity in food and agricultural ecosystems is an essential task for keeping the population safe after a nuclear emergency. Prior to the Tokyo Electric Power Company's Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in 2011, the probability of such an accident, combining complex effects of natural and technical factors, was not reflected in detail in national emergency preparedness guidelines. The lack of such guidelines resulted in a limited efficiency response to the Fukushima accident in agriculture. This outcome showed a need for the preparation of such guidelines as a part of emergency preparedness for nuclear and radiological emergences. This paper provides information and generic, non-country-specific guidance on approaches to sampling food. The paper is intended for scientists, policy makers and decision makers involved in nuclear emergency preparedness and responses, particularly on large scales and at different stages of nuclear emergency based on lessons learned from the FDNPP accident.
• Visualising spatio-temporal distributions of assimilated carbon translocation and release in root systems of leguminous plants.

  Yong-Gen Yin, Nobuo Suzui, Keisuke Kurita, Yuta Miyoshi, Yusuke Unno, Shu Fujimaki, Takuji Nakamura, Takuro Shinano, Naoki Kawachi

  Scientific reports 10 (1) 8446 - 8446 2045-2322 2020/06/11 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  © 2020, The Author(s). The release of rhizodeposits differs depending on the root position and is closely related to the assimilated carbon (C) supply. Therefore, quantifying the C partitioning over a short period may provide crucial information for clarifying root–soil carbon metabolism. A non-invasive method for visualising the translocation of recently assimilated C into the root system inside the rhizobox was established using 11CO2 labelling and the positron-emitting tracer imaging system. The spatial distribution of recent 11C-photoassimilates translocated and released in the root system and soil were visualised for white lupin (Lupinus albus) and soybean (Glycine max). The inputs of the recently assimilated C in the entire root that were released into the soil were approximately 0.3%–2.9% for white lupin within 90 min and 0.9%–2.3% for soybean within 65 min, with no significant differences between the two plant species; however, the recently assimilated C of lupin was released at high concentrations in specific areas (hotspots), whereas that of soybean was released uniformly in the soil. Our method enabled the quantification of the spatial C allocations in roots and soil, which may help to elucidate the relationship between C metabolism and nutrient cycling at specific locations of the root–soil system in response to environmental conditions over relatively short periods.
• Reduction in the Radiocesium in Meats of the Sika Deer and Wild Boar by Cooking.

  Mayumi Hachinohe, Ryusuke Fujimoto, Takuro Shinano, Eiichi Kotake-Nara, Shioka Hamamatsu, Shinichi Kawamoto

  Journal of food protection 83 (3) 467 - 475 0362-028X 2020/03/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Copyright © International Association for Food Protection. The behavior of radiocesium in wild animal meats upon cooking was investigated. The ratio of the concentration change (processing factor, Pf), remaining ratio (food processing retention factor, Fr), and removal ratio of radiocesium in the meats by grilling, boiling, and steaming were determined. Differences in cooking methods, rather than differences in meat parts or animal species, clearly influenced the Pf, Fr, and removal ratios. The mean Fr values were 0.9 (range, 0.7 to 1.0) for grilling, 0.6 (range, 0.4 to 0.7) for boiling, and 0.5 (range, 0.4 to 0.7) for steaming. The removal effect of grilling (11%) was lower than that of boiling (41%) or steaming (47%). The mean value of Pf was 1.2 (range, 1.1 to 1.6) for grilling, 0.8 (range, 0.6 to 0.9) for boiling, and 0.8 (range, 0.7 to 1.0) for steaming. The radiocesium concentration in the meats increased only upon grilling, but not by boiling or steaming. This difference is due to the lower removal effect of grilling than that of boiling and steaming. Therefore, boiling and steaming were more effective than grilling for removing radiocesium and reducing its concentration in wild animal meats. Furthermore, the ratio of water content fluctuations due to boiling was negatively correlated with Pf and Fr. It was evident that greater reductions in water content resulted in lower concentrations and improved radiocesium removal in the meats. These results suggest that some of the radiocesium naturally present in the meats is soluble in water and that the radiocesium dissolved in water can be removed from the meat with the release of water from the tissue.
• Comparisons of effective half-lives of radiocesium in Japanese tea plants after two nuclear accidents, Chernobyl and Fukushima.

  Keiko Tagami, Shigeo Uchida, Takuro Shinano, Gerhard Pröhl

  Journal of environmental radioactivity 213 106109 - 106109 0265-931X 2020/03 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  The time-dependence of 137Cs in new shoots of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) following a137Cs-deposition was analyzed and quantified in terms of effective half-lives. The underlying monitoring studies were performed after the accidents in the Chernobyl and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants for tea plants growing in Japan. The major transfer route for atmospherically deposited radiocaesium to the first new shoots sampled after the accidents were different: for the Fukushima accident, it was mainly translocation of radiocaesium deposited onto old leaves and twigs to the new growth, while direct deposition on the new leaves was the major source after the Chernobyl accident. The effective half-lives in new tea leaves representing the fast and slow components of the decline did not significantly differ between these accidents. Geometric means (ranges) of fast and slow effective half-lives of 137Cs after the Chernobyl accident were 66 d (25-125 d) and 902 d (342-15900 d), respectively, and those after the Fukushima accident were 50 d (26-105 d) and 416 d (222-1540 d), respectively. From these results, 137Cs declines in new tea leaves were similar although contamination conditions were different for these two accidents.
• Variations in radioactive cesium accumulation in wheat germplasm from fields affected by the 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant accident.

  Katashi Kubo, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Miyuki Nitta, Shotaro Takenaka, Shuhei Nasuda, Shigeto Fujimura, Kyoko Takagi, Osamu Nagata, Takeshi Ota, Takuro Shinano

  Scientific reports 10 (1) 3744 - 3744 2020/02/28 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Decreasing the transfer of radioactive cesium (RCs) from soil to crops has been important since the deposition of RCs in agricultural soil owing to the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident of 2011. We investigated the genotypic variation in RCs accumulation in 234 and 198 hexaploid wheat (Triticum spp.) varieties in an affected field in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The effects of soil exchangeable potassium (ExK) content to RCs accumulation in wheat varieties were also evaluated. A test field showed fourfold differences in soil ExK contents based on location, and the wheat varieties grown in areas with lower soil ExK contents tended to have higher grain RCs concentrations. RCs concentrations of shoots, when corrected by the soil ExK content, were positively significantly correlated between years, and RCs concentrations of shoots were significantly correlated with the grain RCs concentration corrected by the soil ExK content. These results indicated that there were genotypic variations in RCs accumulation. The grain to shoot ratio of RCs also showed significant genotypic variation. Wheat varieties with low RCs accumulations were identified. They could contribute to the research and breeding of low RCs accumulating wheat and to agricultural production in the area affected by RCs deposition.
• Factors controlling dissolved 137Cs concentrations in east Japanese Rivers.

  Hideki Tsuji, Yumiko Ishii, Moono Shin, Keisuke Taniguchi, Hirotsugu Arai, Momo Kurihara, Tetsuo Yasutaka, Takayuki Kuramoto, Takahiro Nakanishi, Sangyoon Lee, Takuro Shinano, Yuichi Onda, Seiji Hayashi

  The Science of the total environment 697 134093 - 134093 0048-9697 2019/12/20 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  To investigate the main factors that control the dissolved radiocesium concentration in river water in the area affected by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident, the correlations between the dissolved 137Cs concentrations at 66 sites normalized to the average 137Cs inventories for the watersheds with the land use, soil components, topography, and water quality factors were assessed. We found that the topographic wetness index is significantly and positively correlated with the normalized dissolved 137Cs concentration. Similar positive correlations have been found for European rivers because wetland areas with boggy organic soils that weakly retain 137Cs are mainly found on plains. However, for small Japanese river watersheds, the building area ratio in the watershed strongly affected the dissolved 137Cs concentration. One reason for this would be because the high concentrations of solutes, such as K+ and dissolved organic carbon, discharged in urban areas would inhibit 137Cs absorption to soil particles. A multiple regression equation was constructed to predict the normalized dissolved 137Cs concentration with the topography, land use, soil component, and water quality data as explanatory variables. The best model had the building land use as the primary predictor. When comparing two multiple regression models in which the explanatory variables were limited to (1) the land use and soil composition and (2) the water quality, the water quality model underestimated the high normalized dissolve 137Cs concentration in urban areas. This poor reproducibility indicates that the dissolved 137Cs concentration value in urban areas cannot be solely explained by the solid-liquid distribution of 137Cs owing to the influence of the water quality, but some specific 137Cs sources in urban areas would control the dissolved 137Cs concentration.
• The extractability of potassium and radiocaesium in soils developed from granite and sedimentary rock in Fukushima, Japan

  Ogasawara, S, Nakao, A, Eguchi, T, Ota, T, Matsunami, H, Yanai, J, Shinano, T

  Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 323 (1) 633 - 640 0236-5731 2019/11/30 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  © 2019, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary. Potassium (K) and radiocaesium (RCs) were chemically extracted from soils derived from granite (G soils) and sedimentary rock (S soils) in Fukushima, Japan. The extractants employed were 1 M HNO3, concentrated HNO3, and HF + HClO4. As S soils contain a lower amount of trioctahedral 2:1 phyllosilicates than G soils, the RCs/K ratio was higher in S soils than in G soils with 1 M HNO3 extraction, indicating that the potential risk of soil-to-plant transfer of RCs is higher in S soils than in G soils. In conclusion, information about surface geology is important in predicting the spatial pattern of soil characteristics related to transferability of RCs.
• Repeatability and reproducibility of measurements of low dissolved radiocesium concentrations in freshwater using different pre-concentration methods

  Momo Kurihara, Tetsuo Yasutaka, Tatsuo Aono, Nobuo Ashikawa, Hiroyuki Ebina, Takeshi Iijima, Kei Ishimaru, Ramon Kanai, Zin'ichi Karube, Yae Konnai, Tomijiro Kubota, Yuji Maehara, Takeshi Maeyama, Yusuke Okizawa, Hiroaki Ota, Shigeyoshi Otosaka, Aya Sakaguchi, Hisaya Tagomori, Keisuke Taniguchi, Masatoshi Tomita, Hirofumi Tsukada, Seiji Hayashi, Sangyoon Lee, Susumu Miyazu, Moono Shin, Takahiro Nakanishi, Tatsuhiro Nishikiori, Yuichi Onda, Takuro Shinano, Hideki Tsuji

  JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY 322 (2) 477 - 485 0236-5731 2019/11 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  We assessed the repeatability and reproducibility of methods for determining low dissolved radiocesium concentrations in freshwater in Fukushima. Twenty-one laboratories pre-concentrated three of 10 L samples by five different pre-concentration methods (Prussian-blue-impregnated filter cartridges, coprecipitation with ammonium phosphomolybdate, evaporation, solid-phase extraction disks, and ion-exchange resin columns), and activity of radiocesium was measured. The z-scores for all of the Cs-137 results were within +/- 2, indicating that the methods were a good degree of precision. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) indicating the reproducibility among different laboratories were larger than the RSDs indicating the repeatability in each separate laboratory.
• Changes fo amounts of elements involved in atmospheric pollution in rooftop turfs over the years.

  黒沼尊紀, 久保堅司, 信濃卓郎, 石原竜彰, 孔大徳, 東島一成, 安藤匡哉, 渡辺均

  日本緑化工学会誌 45 (1) 33 - 38 0916-7439 2019/10 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Rapid Quantification of Radioactive Strontium-90 in Fresh Foods via Online Solid-Phase Extraction-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Dynamic Reaction Cell-Mass Spectrometry and Its Comparative Evaluation with Conventional Radiometry.

  Makoto Furukawa, Kyoko Takagi, Hisaya Matsunami, Yuko Komatsuzaki, Tomohiko Kawakami, Takuro Shinano, Yoshitaka Takagai

  ACS omega 4 (6) 11276 - 11284 2019/06/30 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  This paper describes a rapid quantification method for radioactive strontium (90Sr) in fresh foods (perishable foods) and has been comparatively evaluated with the common classical radiometric quantification method. Inductively coupled plasma-dynamic reaction cell-mass spectrometry with online solid-phase extraction (cascade-ICP-MS) rapidly determines 90Sr in a pure water-based sample. Despite its advantages, its application to fresh foods (perishable foods) has not yet been reported; however, the analytical potential of this method for fresh foods must be evaluated. In this study, 90Sr was determined in 12 fresh foods via improved cascade-ICP-MS (Icas-ICP-MS). Addition and recovery tests were demonstrated using real samples of grape, apple, peach, Japanese pear, rice, buckwheat, soybean, spinach, shiitake mushroom, grass, sea squirt, and flounder. With a decomposed solution of Japanese pear, the measurement value coincided with the amount of spiked 90Sr. The reproducibility of the measurements was represented by relative standard deviations of 14.2 and 5.0% for spiked amounts of 20 and 200 Bq/kg, respectively (n = 10), and the recovery rates were 93.7 ± 7.1%. In this case, the limit of detection (LOD) was 2.2 Bq/kg (=0.43 pg/kg). These results were compared with the data obtained using a common classical radiometric quantification method (nitrate precipitation-low background gas flow counter (LBC) method) in the same samples. Both the methods showed equivalent performances with regard to reproducibility, precision, and LODs but different analysis times. Icas-ICP-MS required ∼22 min for analysis, whereas the nitrate precipitation-LBC method required 20 days, confirming that Icas-ICP-MS is the suitable method for analyzing 90Sr in fresh foods.
• Rapid Quantification of Radioactive Strontium-90 in Fresh Foods via Online Solid-Phase Extraction-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Dynamic Reaction Cell-Mass Spectrometry and Its Comparative Evaluation with Conventional Radiometry

  Makoto Furukawa, Kyoko Takagi, Hisaya Matsunami, Yuko Komatsuzaki, Tomohiko Kawakami, Takuro Shinano, Yoshitaka Takagai

  ACS OMEGA 4 (6) 11276 - 11284 2470-1343 2019/06 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  This paper describes a rapid quantification method for radioactive strontium (Sr-90) in fresh foods (perishable foods) and has been comparatively evaluated with the common classical radiometric quantification method. Inductively coupled plasma-dynamic reaction cell-mass spectrometry with online solid-phase extraction (cascade-ICP-MS) rapidly determines Sr-90 in a pure water-based sample. Despite its advantages, its application to fresh foods (perishable foods) has not yet been reported; however, the analytical potential of this method for fresh foods must be evaluated. In this study, Sr-90 was determined in 12 fresh foods via improved cascade-ICP-MS (Icas-ICP-MS). Addition and recovery tests were demonstrated using real samples of grape, apple, peach, Japanese pear, rice, buckwheat, soybean, spinach, shiitake mushroom, grass, sea squirt, and flounder. With a decomposed solution of Japanese pear, the measurement value coincided with the amount of spiked Sr-90. The reproducibility of the measurements was represented by relative standard deviations of 14.2 and 5.0% for spiked amounts of 20 and 200 Bq/kg, respectively (n = 10), and the recovery rates were 93.7 +/- 7.1%. In this case, the limit of detection (LOD) was 2.2 Bq/kg (=0.43 pg/kg). These results were compared with the data obtained using a common classical radiometric quantification method (nitrate precipitation-low background gas flow counter (LBC) method) in the same samples. Both the methods showed equivalent performances with regard to reproducibility, precision, and LODs but different analysis times. Icas-ICP-MS required similar to 22 min for analysis, whereas the nitrate precipitation-LBC method required 20 days, confirming that Icas-ICP-MS is the suitable method for analyzing Sr-90 in fresh foods.
• Phytoavailability of 137Cs and stable Cs in soils from different parent materials in Fukushima, Japan.

  Sho Ogasawara, Tetsuya Eguchi, Atsushi Nakao, Shigeto Fujimura, Yoshihiko Takahashi, Hisaya Matsunami, Hirofumi Tsukada, Junta Yanai, Takuro Shinano

  Journal of environmental radioactivity 198 117 - 125 0265-931X 2019/03 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Weathered micaceous minerals (micas) are able to release potassium ion (K+) and fix caesium-137 (137Cs), both of which reduce soil-to-plant transfer of 137Cs. Among micas, trioctahedral micas such as biotite is expected to have a stronger ability to supply nonexchangeable K+ and a higher amount of Cs fixation sites than dioctahedral micas such as illite. Although biotite is predominant in granitic soils (G soils), illite is mainly dominant in sedimentary rock soils (S soils). Therefore, we hypothesized that G soils have a lower 137Cs transfer risk than S soils because of this difference in mineralogy. The objective of the present study was to determine the transfer factor (TF) of 137Cs and stable Cs (SCs) and to elucidate the determinant factors of TFs for G and S soils in Fukushima, Japan. Pot experiments were carried out with rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Hokuriku 193) in G and S soils to determine the TF of 137Cs (TF-137Cs) and stable Cs (TF-SCs) under K-deficient conditions. TF-137Cs and TF-SCs were highly correlated, and both were significantly lower for G soils than for S soils. Higher TF values were shown for soils with lower amounts of exchangeable and nonexchangeable K or with higher percentages of exchangeable 137Cs (ex137Cs). The percentage of ex137Cs was negatively correlated with the amount of Cs fixation sites, represented by the radiocaesium interception potential. Thus, we concluded that smaller TF values for G soils were caused by a stronger ability to supply nonexchangeable K+ and a higher amount of Cs fixation sites. These findings will contribute to the establishment of soil screening techniques based on 137Cs transfer risk in Fukushima prefecture.
• A Reduced Phosphorus Application Rate Using a Mycorrhizal Plant as the Preceding Crop Maintains Soybean Seeds' Nutritional Quality.

  Zhimin Sha, Toshihiro Watanabe, Qingnan Chu, Norikuni Oka, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 67 (1) 32 - 42 0021-8561 2019/01/09 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  We tested whether introducing an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-host plant with a reduced P application rate could maintain soybean seeds' nutrient quality. The dynamic variation of 14 nutrients was analyzed in source and sink organs during the seed-filling stage. The AMF-host and non-AMF-host plants, sunflower and mustard, were grown as preceding crops (PCs). Soybeans, the succeeding crops, were planted with three different phosphorus levels, namely, 0, 50, and 150 kg P2O5 ha-1. The results showed that the AMF-host PC with a reduced P application rate maintained the seed's yield and nutrients quality. During the seed-filling stage, the AMF-host PC with a reduced P application rate increased the uptake of most nutrients compared to the non-AMF-host PC, and improved the remobilization efficiency of all nutrients except Mn, Fe, and Se, compared to the optimal P application rate. These results could help improve the utilization efficiency of P fertilizers and protect soybeans' nutritional value.
• A statistical model for estimating the radiocesium transfer factor from soil to brown rice using the soil exchangeable potassium content.

  Kohji Yamamura, Shigeto Fujimura, Takeshi Ota, Tetsuya Ishikawa, Takashi Saito, Yoshimitsu Arai, Takuro Shinano

  Journal of environmental radioactivity 195 114 - 125 0265-931X 2018/12 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  To reduce radiocesium uptake by rice, large amounts of potassium fertilizer have been applied to paddy fields contaminated by radiocesium released from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant owned by the Tokyo Electric Power Company. The Fukushima Prefectural Government recommended maintenance of the soil exchangeable K content up to 200 mg K kg-1 before conventional fertilization in rice production. We constructed an equation to predict the transfer factor from soil to brown rice using the soil exchangeable K content. This equation was then used to calculate the appropriate soil exchangeable K content, which ensures a low risk (5%) of brown rice exceeding the standard limit (100 Bq kg-1 for grains) established in 2012. The equations were constructed using field data obtained by an investigation (measurement of the 137Cs concentrations in soil and brown rice and measurement of the soil exchangeable K content at harvest) that was performed from 2012 to 2015 in 321 paddy fields distributed all over Fukushima Prefecture. We found that the stochastic fluctuation of the transfer factor approximately follows a lognormal distribution under the given environmental conditions. Four factors are considered in predicting the logarithmic quantity of the transfer factor: (1) the linear influence of the logarithm of the exchangeable K content in soil, (2) the non-linear influence of the logarithm of the exchangeable K content in soil, (3) three districts in the Fukushima Prefecture and (4) the year. The linear model of the logarithm of exchangeable K content in soil was adopted by the RD criterion, which indicates the absolute goodness of models for prediction. The predictive ability of the model increased by 29% after including the logarithm of the exchangeable K content in soil (factor 1), while the predictive ability further increased by 10% after including spatial and temporal information (factors 3 and 4). The validity of the exchangeable K content recommended by the Fukushima Prefectural Government was re-examined using the proposed equations, which indicated that the conventional recommendation was appropriate at 2012 but is not fully appropriate under the current situation in which the radiocesium concentration in soil has decreased.
• Towards the partial resumption of agriculture with buckwheat cultivation in fields physically decontaminated of radioactive cesium after the nuclear power plant accident in 2011: A case study in Yamakiya District, Fukushima.

  Kubo, T, Kobayashi, H, Fujimoto, R, Ota, T, Shinano, T

  Plant Production Science 2018/11 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• P and N deficiency change the relative abundance and function of rhizosphere microorganisms during cluster root development of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.).

  SHINANO TakuroWasaki, J, Sakaguchi, J, Yamamura, T, Ito, S, Shinano, T, Osaki, M, Kandeler, E. P

  Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 64 (6) 686 - 696 0038-0768 2018/11 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  We studied microbe-plant interactions of white lupin, a cluster root-forming plant, under low P and N conditions to examine increased nutrient acquisition by plants either by a shift to a more specialized microbial community or changes in microbial enzyme production. White lupin plants were grown in rhizoboxes filled with either P- or N-deficient soil; fertilized soil was used as control. After cultivation of plants in a glasshouse for 41 d, plant growth (shoot and roots) and P and N accumulation in shoots were measured. Microbial functions were analyzed by P- and N-cycling enzymes. The microbial community structure was estimated by fingerprinting (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and sequencing techniques. P deficiency induced the released citrate and acid phosphomonoesterases from cluster roots and stimulated the production of microbe-derived alkaline phosphomonoesterase in the rhizosphere. P deficiency decreased microbial diversity in the cluster root rhizosphere. Increased relative abundance of Burkholderiales in the rhizosphere of P deficient plants might be responsible for the degradation of different organic P fractions such as phytates. N deficiency induced an increase of the number of nodules and P concentration in shoot as well as roots of white lupin. We clarified that high release of citrate from cluster roots might be the preferred mechanisms to meet the P demand of nodulated plants under N deficiency. In addition, the high abundance of Rhizobiales and Rhodospirillales in the rhizosphere of cluster roots showed that the importance of N-fixing microorganisms under N deficiency. The contribution of rhizosphere microorganisms due to similar activities of N-cycling enzymes under the two different N treatments is less important for N nutrition of plants. Further understanding of the regulation of cluster roots under N-deficiency will provide new information on the interactions between P and N nutrition.
• Dynamic changes in the Cs distribution throughout rice plants during the ripening period, and effects of the soil-K level

  Junko Ishikawa, Shigeto Fujimura, Motohiko Kondo, Mari Murai-Hatano, Akitoshi Goto, Takuro Shinano

  Plant and Soil 429 (1-2) 1 - 16 1573-5036 2018/06/16 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Background and aims: Radiocesium uptake and accumulation in crops has been studied in Japan since the March 2011 nuclear power plant accident. However, few studies have reported how cesium (Cs) is distributed in aboveground parts and how it accumulates in edible parts. Here, we report the dynamics of Cs in aboveground parts of rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants throughout the cultivation period, and the effects of the amount of potassium (K) fertilizer applied to the soil. Methods: We conducted two years of pot experiments with several soil-K levels and examined the K and Cs concentrations in each plant part throughout the cultivation period. Results: During ripening, Cs accumulated most in the panicle neck. The ratio of the Cs concentration in brown rice to that in the straw was negatively correlated with the soil-K level, indicating that the proportion of Cs accumulated in the brown rice to that in the whole-aboveground parts increased at low soil K. During ripening, transport of Cs from belowground parts and translocation from leaf blades both seemed to increase at low soil K. Conclusion: The Cs distribution in plant parts appears to be regulated dynamically during ripening by the soil-K level.
• セシウム低吸収水稲の Cs/K 吸収特性と現地試験結果（4-3 植物の有害元素，2017年度仙台大会）

  頼, 泰樹, 信濃, 卓郎, 永澤, 信洋, 我彦, 廣悦, 中村, 進一, 服部, 浩之, 横山, 咲, 佐藤, 奈美子, 古川, 純, 能美, 多希子, 伊藤, 那香, 森田, 祥司, 藤村, 恵人, 後藤, 明俊

  Abst. AMS. JSSSPN 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 63 (0) 75 - 75 0288-5840 2018/05 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Potassium behavior and clay mineral composition in the soil with low effectiveness of potassium application

  Katashi Kubo, Takashi Hirayama, Shigeto Fujimura, Tetsuya Eguchi, Naoto Nihei, Shoichiro Hamamoto, Megumi Takeuchi, Takashi Saito, Takeshi Ota, Takuro Shinano

  Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 64 (2) 265 - 271 1747-0765 2018/03/04 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Increasing exchangeable potassium (ExK) content in soil to an appropriate level is important to mitigate the transfer of radioactive cesium to crops. We focused on a buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) field with a low ExK content, despite the application of K, in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan (Field A), following the Tokyo Electric Power Company Fukushima Dai-ichi (No. 1) Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011. We examined the relationship between K concentration and clay mineral composition in the soil of Field A and compared the findings with another field in Fukushima Prefecture (Field B) to clarify whether K applied to the soil was leached or remaining fixed. Pot experiments showed that K concentration in water seepage from pots following irrigation was significantly lower in pots from Field A than in those from Field B. Soil ExK content after soybean cultivation was lower in soils of Field A than those of Field B. These results indicate that K applied to Field A was fixed in the soil. Analysis of clay mineral composition confirmed the distinctive vermiculitic nature of Field A soils. This clay mineralogy would be associated with the higher K fixation ability of Field A than Field B soils. This study demonstrated that K fixation in vermiculite was a factor preventing the increase in ExK content from K application to Field A.
• Behavior of radio cesium by combustion of weeds assuming field burning.

  Yoshino, N, Horii, S, Murakami, T, Matsunami, H, Manpuku, Y, Shinano, T

  Journal of the Society for Remediation of Radioactive Contamination in the Environment 6 (2) 91 - 99 2187-8382 2018 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Changes in distribution of Cs in each part of rice plants in ripening period under different soil-K level.

  Junko Ishikawa, Shigeto Fujimura, Motohiko Kondo, Mari Murai-Hatano, Akitoshi Goto, Takuro Shinano

  Plant Soil 429 503 - 518 2018 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Cesium Uptake by Rice Roots Largely Depends Upon a Single Gene, HAK1, Which Encodes a Potassium Transporter.

  Hiroki Rai, Saki Yokoyama, Namiko Satoh-Nagasawa, Jun Furukawa, Takiko Nomi, Yasuka Ito, Shigeto Fujimura, Hidekazu Takahashi, Ryuichiro Suzuki, ELMannai Yousra, Akitoshi Goto, Shinichi Fuji, Shin-Ichi Nakamura, Takuro Shinano, Nobuhiro Nagasawa, Hiroetsu Wabiko, Hiroyuki Hattori

  Plant & cell physiology 58 (11) 2041 - 2041 0032-0781 2017/11/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Cesium Uptake by Rice Roots Largely Depends Upon a Single Gene, HAK1, Which Encodes a Potassium Transporter.

  Hiroki Rai, Saki Yokoyama, Namiko Satoh-Nagasawa, Jun Furukawa, Takiko Nomi, Yasuka Ito, Shigeto Fujimura, Hidekazu Takahashi, Ryuichiro Suzuki, ELMannai Yousra, Akitoshi Goto, Shinichi Fuji, Shin-Ichi Nakamura, Takuro Shinano, Nobuhiro Nagasawa, Hiroetsu Wabiko, Hiroyuki Hattori

  Plant & cell physiology 58 (9) 1486 - 1493 0032-0781 2017/09/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Incidents at the Fukushima and Chernobyl nuclear power stations have resulted in widespread environmental contamination by radioactive nuclides. Among them, 137cesium has a 30 year half-life, and its persistence in soil raises serious food security issues. It is therefore important to prevent plants, especially crop plants, from absorbing radiocesium. In Arabidopsis thaliana, cesium ions are transported into root cells by several different potassium transporters such as high-affinity K+ transporter 5 (AtHAK5). Therefore, the cesium uptake pathway is thought to be highly redundant, making it difficult to develop plants with low cesium uptake. Here, we isolated rice mutants with low cesium uptake and reveal that the Oryza sativa potassium transporter OsHAK1, which is expressed on the surfaces of roots, is the main route of cesium influx into rice plants, especially in low potassium conditions. During hydroponic cultivation with low to normal potassium concentrations (0-206 µM: the normal potassium level in soil), cesium influx in OsHAK1-knockout lines was no greater than one-eighth that in the wild type. In field experiments, knockout lines of O. sativa HAK1 (OsHAK1) showed dramatically reduced cesium concentrations in grains and shoots, but their potassium uptake was not greatly affected and their grain yields were similar to that of the wild type. Our results demonstrate that, in rice roots, potassium transport systems other than OsHAK1 make little or no contribution to cesium uptake. These results show that low cesium uptake rice lines can be developed for cultivation in radiocesium-contaminated areas.
• LjMOT1, a high-affinity molybdate transporter from Lotus japonicus, is essential for molybdate uptake, but not for the delivery to nodules.

  Guilan Duan, Tsuneo Hakoyama, Takehiro Kamiya, Hiroki Miwa, Fabien Lombardo, Shusei Sato, Satoshi Tabata, Zheng Chen, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Toru Fujiwara

  The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 90 (6) 1108 - 1119 0960-7412 2017/06 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential nutrient for plants, and is required for nitrogenase activity of legumes. However, the pathways of Mo uptake from soils and then delivery to the nodules have not been characterized in legumes. In this study, we characterized a high-affinity Mo transporter (LjMOT1) from Lotus japonicus. Mo concentrations in an ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized line (ljmot1) decreased by 70-95% compared with wild-type (WT). By comparing the DNA sequences of four AtMOT1 homologs between mutant and WT lines, one point mutation was found in LjMOT1, which altered Trp292 to a stop codon; no mutation was found in the other homologous genes. The phenotype of Mo concentrations in F2 progeny from ljmot1 and WT crosses were associated with genotypes of LjMOT1. Introduction of endogenous LjMOT1 to ljmot1 restored Mo accumulation to approximately 60-70% of the WT. Yeast expressing LjMOT1 exhibited high Mo uptake activity, and the Km was 182 nm. LjMOT1 was expressed mainly in roots, and its expression was not affected by Mo supply or rhizobium inoculation. Although Mo accumulation in the nodules of ljmot1 was significantly lower than that of WT, it was still high enough for normal nodulation and nitrogenase activity, even for cotyledons-removed ljmot1 plants grown under low Mo conditions, in this case the plant growth was significantly inhibited by Mo deficiency. Our results suggest that LjMOT1 is an essential Mo transporter in L. japonicus for Mo uptake from the soil and growth, but is not for Mo delivery to the nodules.
• Plants prioritize phytochelatin synthesis during cadmium exposure even under reduced sulfate uptake caused by the disruption of SULTR1;2.

  Chisato Yamaguchi, Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu, Takuro Shinano, Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita

  Plant signaling & behavior 12 (5) e1325053  1559-2316 2017/05/04 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Glutathione and phytochelatins are sulfur containing compounds playing an important role in cadmium (Cd) detoxification. We examined the Cd-induced changes in the percentage of sulfur containing compounds to total sulfur in wild-type and sulfate transporter 1;2 knockout mutant, sel1-10. Cd treatment increased the proportion of sulfate and thiols in the total sulfur content. Among the thiols analyzed, the proportion of cysteine and glutathione were decreased by the Cd treatment and that of the phytochelatins were increased. Although the total sulfur content in sel1-10 was decreased compared with that in wild-type, the percentages of individual thiol in the total thiol content were similarly maintained between sel1-10 and wild-type, suggesting that plants tightly controlled the balance of each thiol under Cd treatment.
• Comparison of Concentration Methods for Low-level Radiocesium in Fresh Water

  Tetsuo Yasutaka, Moono Shin, Yuichi Onda, Takuro Shinano, Seiji Hayashi, Hirofumi Tsukada, Tatsuo Aono, Kazuki Iijima, Sadao Eguchi, Koichi Ohno, Yukihiro Yoshida, Hiroshi Kamihigashi, Kiyoshi Kitamura, Tomijiro Kubota, Norio Nogawa, Natsuki Yoshikawa, Hiroaki Yamaguchi, Keisuke Sueki, Hideki Tsuji, Susumu Miyazu, Yukiko Okada, Momo Kurihara, Sandor Tarjan, Hisaya Matsunami, Shigeo Uchida

  BUNSEKI KAGAKU 66 (4) 299 - 307 0525-1931 2017/04 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  A large amount of radiocesium was released from the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant of Tokyo Electric Power Company. The determination of dissolved and particulate radiocesium concentrations in water is important, which can be used as basic information for understanding the long-term radiocesium dynamics in the environment and the transfer of radiocesium to crops. Conventional quantitative methods include the evaporative concentration to the dryness method and the AMP method. These methods need to concentrate about 20-200 L of water due to the low concentration of the dissolved radiocesium. After the accident, several new methods, such as the Prussian blue filter cartridge method and the solid-phase disk method, have been developed and put to practical use. In this study, we carried out an accuracy evaluation test to assess five methods (i.e., the evaporative concentration to dryness method, the AMP method, the Prussian blue filter cartridge method, the solid-phase disk method, and the ion-change resin method) using 3 types of water samples containing 0.01-1.0 Bq L-1 of dissolved radiocesium. Our results showed that the z-scores of over 80 % of the measured data were within +/- 2 and their CVs in the range of 8-13 %, indicating good reproducibility of these methods.
• Effect of soil exchangeable potassium content on cesium absorption and partitioning in buckwheat grown in a radioactive cesium-contaminated field

  Katashi Kubo, Shigeto Fujimura, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Takeshi Ota, Takuro Shinano

  PLANT PRODUCTION SCIENCE 20 (4) 396 - 405 1343-943X 2017 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  The effect of soil exchangeable (plant-available) potassium (ExK) content on cesium (Cs) absorption and translocation in buckwheat was evaluated in a field contaminated with radioactive Cs (Cs-134 and Cs-137, RCs) in 2013. The RCs concentration in buckwheat was significantly positively correlated with the naturally occurring stable Cs (Cs-133, SCs) concentration, and was lower at higher soil ExK content. The RCs and SCs were actively absorbed by buckwheat until the flowering stage. The soil ExK content was significantly negatively correlated with soil exchangeable RCs and SCs (ExRCs and ExSCs) concentrations. Greater RCs and SCs absorption by buckwheat in soils with low ExK contents was mainly due to higher soil ExRCs and ExSCs concentrations. Reproductive organs showed the largest differences in SCs concentration between low-ExK and high-ExK plots. The root-shoot and shoot-reproductive organs translocations of SCs markedly decreased with increasing soil ExK content. In the root-shoot and shoot-reproductive organs translocations, the discrimination of SCs and K decreased with decreasing soil ExK content. Our main findings were as follows: (1) because RCs are mainly taken up at the earlier growth stage, potassium should be applied as a basal fertilizer to decrease the RCs concentration in buckwheat; (2) lower soil ExK content led to higher soil ExRCs concentrations, resulting in greater RCs absorption by buckwheat; (3) the high Cs absorption and translocation and weaker discrimination between Cs and K in low ExK content soil may be due to the expression of K transporter(s) with weak discrimination between Cs and K.
• Effects of Cadmium Treatment on the Uptake and Translocation of Sulfate in Arabidopsis thaliana.

  Chisato Yamaguchi, Yuki Takimoto, Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu, Akiko Hokura, Takuro Shinano, Toshiki Nakamura, Akiko Suyama, Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita

  Plant & cell physiology 57 (11) 2353 - 2366 0032-0781 2016/11 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic and non-essential element for plants, whereas phytochelatins and glutathione are low-molecular-weight sulfur compounds that function as chelators and play important roles in detoxification. Cadmium exposure is known to induce the expression of sulfur-assimilating enzymes and sulfate uptake by roots. However, the molecular mechanism underlying Cd-induced changes remains largely unknown. Accordingly, we analyzed the effects of Cd treatment on the uptake and translocation of sulfate and accumulation of thiols in Arabidopsis thaliana Both wild type (WT) and null mutant (sel1-10 and sel1-18) plants of the sulfate transporter SULTR1;2 exhibited growth inhibition when treated with CdCl2 However, the mutant plants exhibited a lower growth rate and lower Cd accumulation. Cadmium treatment also upregulated the transcription of SULTR1;2 and sulfate uptake activity in WT plants, but not in mutant plants. In addition, the sulfate, phytochelatin and total sulfur contents were preferentially accumulated in the shoots of both WT and mutant plants treated with CdCl2, and sulfur K-edge XANES spectra suggested that sulfate was the main compound responsible for the increased sulfur content in the shoots of CdCl2-treated plants. Our results demonstrate that Cd-induced sulfate uptake depends on SULTR1;2 activity, and that CdCl2 treatment greatly shifts the distribution of sulfate to shoots, increases the sulfate concentration of xylem sap and upregulates the expression of SULTRs involved in root-to-shoot sulfate transport. Therefore, we conclude that root-to-shoot sulfate transport is stimulated by Cd and suggest that the uptake and translocation of sulfate in CdCl2-treated plants are enhanced by demand-driven regulatory networks.
• The dynamic state of the ionome in roots, nodules, and shoots of soybean under different nitrogen status and at different growth stages

  Qingnan Chu, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Takuji Nakamura, Norikuni Oka, Mitsuru Osaki, Zhimin Sha

  JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE 179 (4) 488 - 498 1436-8730 2016/08 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  The relative distribution of 22 mineral elements in the roots, nodules and shoots of the soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Tsurumusume) at R1 (beginning of the flowering stage) and R7 (beginning of the mature stage) was investigated in response to ammonium and manure N treatment. Plants receiving only atmospheric nitrogen served as the negative control. The addition of ammonium sulfate to the soil caused soil acidification, induced Al and Mn toxicities, and significantly reduced the biomass production in roots and nodules. Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn concentrations were significantly higher in shoots, and those of Mo and Co higher in nodules. The addition of manure to the soil significantly enhanced the levels of Sr, Ba, Cr, and Cd in shoots, whereas the concentration of Cs was decreased at R7. Moreover, when the soybean developed from R1 to R7, the levels of essential elements in nodules decreased, whereas those of nonessential elements increased, irrespective of the nitrogen source. Furthermore, the variation in the concentrations of many elements was not consistent for nodules and roots when soybean developed from R1 to R7. The variation of Mn, Zn, B, and Al concentrations was independent of N treatments. However, Ca, Fe, Cu, Mo, and Se levels were affected strongly by N treatments. This study is the first to document the dynamic variation of the soybean ionome in nodules, roots, and shoots from vegetative to reproductive stage of soybean.
• The dynamic state of the ionome in roots, nodules, and shoots of soybean under different nitrogen status and at different growth stages

  Qingnan Chu, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Takuji Nakamura, Norikuni Oka, Mitsuru Osaki, Zhimin Sha

  JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE 179 (4) 488 - 498 1436-8730 2016/08 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  The relative distribution of 22 mineral elements in the roots, nodules and shoots of the soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Tsurumusume) at R1 (beginning of the flowering stage) and R7 (beginning of the mature stage) was investigated in response to ammonium and manure N treatment. Plants receiving only atmospheric nitrogen served as the negative control. The addition of ammonium sulfate to the soil caused soil acidification, induced Al and Mn toxicities, and significantly reduced the biomass production in roots and nodules. Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn concentrations were significantly higher in shoots, and those of Mo and Co higher in nodules. The addition of manure to the soil significantly enhanced the levels of Sr, Ba, Cr, and Cd in shoots, whereas the concentration of Cs was decreased at R7. Moreover, when the soybean developed from R1 to R7, the levels of essential elements in nodules decreased, whereas those of nonessential elements increased, irrespective of the nitrogen source. Furthermore, the variation in the concentrations of many elements was not consistent for nodules and roots when soybean developed from R1 to R7. The variation of Mn, Zn, B, and Al concentrations was independent of N treatments. However, Ca, Fe, Cu, Mo, and Se levels were affected strongly by N treatments. This study is the first to document the dynamic variation of the soybean ionome in nodules, roots, and shoots from vegetative to reproductive stage of soybean.
• Mitigation of radioactive contamination from farmland environment and agricultural products.

  Shinano T

  Modern Environmental Science and Engineering 2 (7) 454 - 461 2016/07 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• The outline of Cs removal technology by dry process and the report of entrusted business of verification survey of technology that removes Cs from contaminated wastes to civil work materials at temporary plant in the warabidaira region in Imitate village.

  Honma, K, Takano, H, Kobayashgi, W, Sasaki, T, Takahashgi, Y, Shinano, T, Hatta, T, Manpuku, Y, Usui, J

  Journal of Society for Remediation of Radioactive Contamination in Environment 4 (2) 165 - 172 2187-8382 2016/06 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Distribution of minerals in young and mature leaves of different leaf vegetable crops cultivated in a field.

  Watanabe, T, Maejima, E, Urayama, M, Owadano, M, Yamauchi, A, Okada, R, Shinano, T, Osaki, M

  Open Journal of Plant Science 1 (1) 5 - 9 2016/05 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Metabolomics approach in soybean

  Takuji Nakamura, Keiki Okazaki, Noureddine Benkeblia, Jun Wasaki, Toshihiro Watanabe, Hideyuki Matsuura, Hirofumi Uchimiya, Setsuko Komatsu, Takuro Shinano

  Genetics, Genomics, and Breeding of Soybean 313 - 330 2016/04/19 

  Profiling plant metabolites is able to serve a new technology for understanding metabolic pathway and it may also help picking up the difference beneath plant phenotypes. CE-MS is one of the suitable tools to analyze a large number of plant metabolites, while GC-MS is also a very powerful especially when focusing on primary metabolites, and LC-MS(/MS) is suitable for the detection of secondary metabolites. Several applications of metabolomics approach by using these analytical tools with fractionation of cellular organelles and extraction procedures are demonstrated in this chapter.
• Varietal differences in the absorption and partitioning of cadmium in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

  Katashi Kubo, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Masaya Fujita, Takeshi Ota, Yasuhiro Minamiyama, Yoshiaki Watanabe, Takashi Nakajima, Takuro Shinano

  ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 124 79 - 88 0098-8472 2016/04 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Low cadmium (Cd) transfer from the soil to edible parts of crop plants is important to minimize toxicity to humans and animals. We previously showed that Cd accumulation in grains differs substantially among varieties of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, we investigated the factors responsible for these differences by comparing the absorption and partitioning of Cd among wheat varieties with distinct grain Cd concentrations. Three varieties with low grain Cd concentrations (low-Cd/G varieties) and one standard variety were cultivated in a field (under natural conditions) and in pots with Cd application at four growth stages (emergence, jointing, flowering, and grain-filling). The Cd concentration and content in the whole plant and grains were determined at the seedling, flowering, grain-filling, and maturity stages in the field experiment. Cd concentration, content, and partitioning in different plant segments were determined at the maturity stage in the pot experiment. In the field experiment, there were significant differences in Cd partitioning to grains between low-Cd/G varieties and the standard variety. Cd application at different growth stages in the pot experiment indicated the remobilization of Cd from shoots to grains and direct transport of Cd from roots to grains. In the pot experiment, lower Cd absorption was detected in low-Cd/G varieties than in the standard variety and the low-Cd/G varieties exhibited differences in Cd sequestration among plant parts, including the root, leaf, lower stem, first internode, rachis, and/or glume. These results suggest that several factors related to Cd absorption and translocation, such as root traits and xylem and phloem transport, affect the accumulation of Cd in grains in common wheat. Understanding and elucidating the contribution of each of these factors might facilitate the development of common wheat varieties with minimal grain Cd accumulation. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
• Evaluation of the cause of unexplained radiocaesium contamination of brown rice in Fukushima in 2013 using autoradiography and gamma-ray spectrometry.

  Hisaya Matsunami, Toshifumi Murakami, Hideshi Fujiwara, Takuro Shinano

  Scientific reports 6 20386 - 20386 2016/02/04 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  The Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011, caused the release of radioactive materials from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), contaminating eastern Japan, particularly in part of Fukushima Prefecture. In 2012 and 2014, the radiocaesium concentration in brown rice did not exceed regulatory levels in Minamisoma City, Fukushima. However, in 2013, some radiocaesium concentrations in brown rice exceeded regulatory levels. In this work, autoradiograms showed that high radioactivity was present as contaminated spots on the panicles of rice and in brown rice in 2013. We evaluate the contribution of direct contamination to the radiocaesium concentration in brown rice and discuss the origin of radiocaesium contamination in brown rice using the (134)Cs/(137)Cs radioactivity ratio. Here, we show that the main cause of the unexplained radiocaesium contamination of brown rice in Minamisoma City in 2013 is the adherence of radioactive materials to the rice panicles, and these radioactive materials are associated with reactor units 2 or 3 of FDNPP.
• Evaluation of the cause of unexplained radiocaesium contamination of brown rice in Fukushima in 2013 using autoradiography and gamma-ray spectrometry

  Hisaya Matsunami, Toshifumi Murakami, Hideshi Fujiwara, Takuro Shinano

  SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 6 2045-2322 2016/02 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  The Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011, caused the release of radioactive materials from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), contaminating eastern Japan, particularly in part of Fukushima Prefecture. In 2012 and 2014, the radiocaesium concentration in brown rice did not exceed regulatory levels in Minamisoma City, Fukushima. However, in 2013, some radiocaesium concentrations in brown rice exceeded regulatory levels. In this work, autoradiograms showed that high radioactivity was present as contaminated spots on the panicles of rice and in brown rice in 2013. We evaluate the contribution of direct contamination to the radiocaesium concentration in brown rice and discuss the origin of radiocaesium contamination in brown rice using the Cs-134/Cs-137 radioactivity ratio. Here, we show that the main cause of the unexplained radiocaesium contamination of brown rice in Minamisoma City in 2013 is the adherence of radioactive materials to the rice panicles, and these radioactive materials are associated with reactor units 2 or 3 of FDNPP.
• GC-MS based metabolite profiling for flavor characterization of Brassica crops grown with different fertilizer application

  Tomohiko Fukuda, Keiki Okazaki, Ayano Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Norikuni Oka

  METABOLOMICS 12 (2) 1573-3882 2016/02 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  In order to supply pleasant foods in ordinal dietary, improving crop quality by applying effective growth conditions is a desirable but challenging approach. In this study, to determine the sensory quality of mizuna (Brassica rapa L. var. Nipposinica), one of a Brassica leafy crops grown with different fertilizer application, GC-MS based hydrophilic metabolites and volatiles as well as sensory attributes were measured. Clusters of applied fertilizer condition were significantly divided between with or without manure amendments within all the variances including sensory and metabolite data. Projection to latent structures regression analyzes revealed that L-glutamine, L-asparagine, and other amino acids negatively correlated with bitterness, whereas raffinose, maltose, and malic acid positively correlated with bitterness. Furthermore glucosinolate breakdown products, particularly allyl isothiocyanate revealed a strong positive correlation with Brassica specific wasabi-like sharpness. Based on the comprehensive view of both metabolite and sensory profiling, the perspective for improvement in sensory quality is discussed.
• GC-MS based metabolite profiling for flavor characterization of Brassica crops grown with different fertilizer application

  Tomohiko Fukuda, Keiki Okazaki, Ayano Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Norikuni Oka

  METABOLOMICS 12 (2) 1 - 9 1573-3882 2016/02 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  In order to supply pleasant foods in ordinal dietary, improving crop quality by applying effective growth conditions is a desirable but challenging approach. In this study, to determine the sensory quality of mizuna (Brassica rapa L. var. Nipposinica), one of a Brassica leafy crops grown with different fertilizer application, GC-MS based hydrophilic metabolites and volatiles as well as sensory attributes were measured. Clusters of applied fertilizer condition were significantly divided between with or without manure amendments within all the variances including sensory and metabolite data. Projection to latent structures regression analyzes revealed that L-glutamine, L-asparagine, and other amino acids negatively correlated with bitterness, whereas raffinose, maltose, and malic acid positively correlated with bitterness. Furthermore glucosinolate breakdown products, particularly allyl isothiocyanate revealed a strong positive correlation with Brassica specific wasabi-like sharpness. Based on the comprehensive view of both metabolite and sensory profiling, the perspective for improvement in sensory quality is discussed.
• Varietal difference in radiocesium uptake and transfer from radiocesium deposited soils in the genus Amaranthus (vol 60, pg 809, 2014)

  Takuro Shinano, Toshihiro Watanabe, Qingnan Chu

  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 62 (5-6) 569 - 569 0038-0768 2016 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• The Ionomic Study of Vegetable Crops.

  Toshihiro Watanabe, Eriko Maejima, Tomoko Yoshimura, Masaru Urayama, Aiko Yamauchi, Masako Owadano, Ryosuke Okada, Mitsuru Osaki, Yoshinori Kanayama, Takuro Shinano

  PloS one 11 (8) e0160273  1932-6203 2016 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Soil contains various essential and nonessential elements, all of which can be absorbed by plants. Plant ionomics is the study of the accumulation of these elements (the ionome) in plants. The ionomic profile of a plant is affected by various factors, including species, variety, organ, and environment. In this study, we cultivated various vegetable crop species and cultivars under the same field conditions and analyzed the level of accumulation of each element in the edible and nonedible parts using ionomic techniques. The concentration of each element in the edible parts differed between species, which could be partly explained by differences in the types of edible organs (root, leaf, seed, and fruit). For example, the calcium concentration was lower in seeds and fruit than in other organs because of the higher dependency of calcium accumulation on xylem transfer. The concentration of several essential microelements and nonessential elements in the edible parts also varied greatly between cultivars of the same species, knowledge of which will help in the breeding of vegetables that are biofortified or contain lower concentrations of toxic elements. Comparison of the ionomes of the fruit and leaves of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and eggplant (S. melongena) indicated that cadmium and boron had higher levels of accumulation in eggplant fruit, likely because of their effective transport in the phloem. We also found that homologous elements that have been reported to share the same uptake/transport system often showed significant correlation only in a few families and that the slopes of these relationships differed between families. Therefore, these differences in the characteristics of mineral accumulation are likely to affect the ionomic profiles of different families.
• Decreasing radioactive cesium in lodged buckwheat grain after harvest

  Katashi Kubo, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Kazutoshi Nemoto, Takashi Hirayama, Hisaya Matsunami, Yasuhiro Ichihashi, Takeshi Ota, Shoji Keitoku, Takuro Shinano

  PLANT PRODUCTION SCIENCE 19 (1) 91 - 95 1343-943X 2016 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  This study assessed soil contamination with high radioactive cesium (R-Cs) concentration in buckwheat grains by lodging, and assessed the possibility of R-Cs reduction in grain through post-harvest preparation. Analysis of buckwheat grain produced in farmers' fields and reports from farmers indicated that grain from fields that had lodging showed higher R-Cs than grain from fields with no lodging. A field experiment demonstrated that R-Cs in grain after threshing and winnowing (TW) was about six times higher in lodged plants than in nonlodged plants. In lodged plants, R-Cs in grain was decreased to about one-fourth by polishing, and was decreased to about one-seventh by ultrasonic cleaning, compared with R-Cs in grain after TW. These results demonstrate that R-Cs of buckwheat grain of lodged plants can be decreased by removing soil from the grain surface by polishing and winnowing.
• Application of ionomics to plant and soil in fields under long-term fertilizer trials

  Toshihiro Watanabe, Masaru Urayama, Takuro Shinano, Ryosuke Okada, Mitsuru Osaki

  SPRINGERPLUS 4 2193-1801 2015/12 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Ionomics is the study of elemental accumulation in living organisms using high-throughput elemental profiling. In the present study, we examined the ionomic responses to nutrient deficiency in maize grown in the field in long-term fertilizer trials. Furthermore, the available elements in the field soils were analyzed to investigate their changes under long-term fertilizer treatment and the ionomic relationships between plant and soil. Maize was cultivated in a field with the following five long-term fertilizer treatments: complete fertilization, fertilization without nitrogen, without phosphorus, without potassium, and no fertilization. Concentrations of 22 elements in leaves at an early flowering stage and in soils after harvest were determined. The fertilizer treatments changed the availabilities of many elements in soils. For example, available cesium was decreased by 39 % and increased by 126 % by fertilizations without nitrogen and potassium, respectively. Effects of treatments on the ionome in leaves were evaluated using the translocation ratio (the concentration in leaves relative to the available concentration in soils) for each element. Nitrogen deficiency specifically increased the uptake ability of molybdenum, which might induce the enhancement of nitrogen assimilation and/or endophytic nitrogen fixation in plant. Potassium deficiency drastically enhanced the uptake ability of various cationic elements. These elements might act as alternatives to K in osmoregulation and counterion of organic/inorganic anions. Two major groups of elements were detected by multivariate analyses of plant ionome. Elements in the same group may be linked more or less in uptake and/or translocation systems. No significant correlation between plant and soil was found in concentrations of many elements, even though various soil extraction methods were applied, implying that the interactions between the target and other elements in soil must be considered when analyzing mineral dynamics between plant and soil.
• Influence of the nonexchangeable potassium of mica on radiocesium uptake by paddy rice.

  Tetsuya Eguchi, Takeshi Ohta, Tetsuya Ishikawa, Hisaya Matsunami, Yoshihiko Takahashi, Katashi Kubo, Noriko Yamaguchi, Nobuharu Kihou, Takuro Shinano

  Journal of environmental radioactivity 147 33 - 42 0265-931X 2015/09 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  A pot cultivation experiment was conducted to elucidate the influence of the nonexchangeable potassium (K) of mica on radiocesium ((137)Cs) uptake by paddy rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Koshihikari), and to evaluate the potential of mica application as a countermeasure to reduce radiocesium transfer from soil to paddy rice. The increase in the exchangeable K concentrations of soils, measured before planting, due to mica (muscovite, biotite, and phlogopite) application was negligible. However, in trioctahedral mica (biotite and phlogopite)-treated soil, the release of nonexchangeable K from the mica interlayer maintained the soil-solution K at a higher level during the growing season in comparison to the control, and consequently decreased the (137)Cs transfer factor for brown rice (TF). The sodium tetraphenylboron (TPB)-extractable K concentration of the soils, measured before planting, was strongly negatively correlated with the TF, whereas the exchangeable K concentration of the soils, also measured before planting, was not correlated with the TF. Therefore, we conclude that TPB-extractable K is more reliable than exchangeable K as a basis of fertilizer recommendations for radiocesium-contaminated paddy fields. Phlogopite-treated soils exhibited higher TPB-extractable K concentrations and lower TF values than biotite-treated soils. We thus conclude that phlogopite application is an effective countermeasure to reduce radiocesium uptake in paddy rice.
• Interactions between Cs, Sr, and other nutrients and trace element accumulation in Amaranthus shoot in response to variety effect.

  Qingnan Chu, Toshihiro Watanabe, Zhimin Sha, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 63 (8) 2355 - 63 2015/03/04 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Aiming at clarifying the interactions between Cs, Sr, and other mineral elements in the genus Amaranthus, this study adopted 33 different varieties of Amaranthus and investigated the concentrations of 23 mineral elements in shoots grown in the fields of Iino in Fukushima prefecture. Significant varietal effects were detected for all elements except Se, and degree of interspecies variation was highly element dependent. Among 23 elements, amaranths were less sensitive to the accumulation of Cs and Sr than most other mineral elements to the species level. There are six elements showing significant correlation with Cs, positive correlations between As, Rb, Al, Fe, Ni, and Cs, and negative correlation between Ba and Cs. Significant correlations between Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, B, Ba, Cd, and Sr were detected, and all of the coefficients were positive. Cs and Sr did not present significant correlation, but they were both significantly correlated with Ba. By principal component analysis (PCA), the first and second principal components (PC1 and PC2) accounted for 23.2 and 20.3% of the total variance and associated with Cs and Sr, respectively. Both of the two species took up more Cs by promoting the influx of elements positively correlated with Cs into shoot, but at the same time, Amaranthus hypochondriacus (L.) Mapes 847 decreased the K and Ba uptake and Amaranthus powellii (S. Wats) subsp. Powellii inhibited the accumulation of Rb, Sr, and significantly correlated elements of Sr in shoot. This study is the first to pave the way for comprehension on ionome in amaranth shoot at the variety level. The results of this research provide the ionomic basis for implementing countermeasures in the field against the translocation of Cs (and potentially Sr) toward crops and food.
• Interactions between Cs, Sr, and Other Nutrients and Trace Element Accumulation in Amaranthus Shoot in Response to Variety Effect

  Qingnan Chu, Toshihiro Watanabe, Zhimin Sha, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano

  JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 63 (8) 2355 - 2363 0021-8561 2015/03 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Aiming at clarifying the interactions between Cs, Sr, and other mineral elements in the genus Amaranthus, this study adopted 33 different varieties of Amaranthus and investigated the concentrations of 23 mineral elements in shoots grown in the fields of Iino in Fukushima prefecture. Significant varietal effects were detected for all elements except Se, and degree of interspecies variation was highly element dependent. Among 23 elements, amaranths were less sensitive to the accumulation of Cs and Sr than most other mineral elements to the species level. There are six elements showing significant correlation with Cs, positive correlations between As, Rb, Al, Fe, Ni, and Cs, and negative correlation between Ba and Cs. Significant correlations between Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, B, Ba, Cd, and Sr were detected, and all of the coefficients were positive. Cs and Sr did not present significant correlation, but they were both significantly correlated with Ba. By principal component analysis (PCA), the first and second principal components (PC1 and PC2) accounted for 23.2 and 20.3% of the total variance and associated with Cs and Sr, respectively. Both of the two species took up more Cs by promoting the influx of elements positively correlated with Cs into shoot, but at the same time, Amaranthus hypochondriacus (L.) Mapes 847 decreased the K and Ba uptake and Amaranthus powellii (S. Wats) subsp. Powellii inhibited the accumulation of Rb, Sr, and significantly correlated elements of Sr in shoot. This study is the first to pave the way for comprehension on ionome in amaranth shoot at the variety level. The results of this research provide the ionomic basis for implementing countermeasures in the field against the translocation of Cs (and potentially Sr) toward crops and food.
• Analyses and countermeasures for decreasing radioactive cesium in buckwheat in areas affected by the nuclear accident in 2011

  Katashi Kubo, Kazutoshi Nemoto, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Yasushi Kuriyama, Hirohide Harada, Hisaya Matsunami, Tetsuya Eguchi, Nobuharu Kihou, Takeshi Ota, Shoji Keitoku, Takeshi Kimura, Takuro Shinano

  FIELD CROPS RESEARCH 170 40 - 46 0378-4290 2015/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Tokyo Electric Power Company's Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant released radioactive cesium (Cs) into the environment after the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011. After radioactive Cs fell onto agricultural fields, radioactive nuclide levels in some buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Wench) grain subsequently exceeded new standard limits for radioactive materials, including that for radioactive Cs (100 Bq kg(-1)) established by the Japanese government in 2012. A survey of soils and buckwheat grain from 68 farmers' fields in 2012 revealed that soil exchangeable potassium (K) concentration was significantly and negatively correlated with radioactive Cs concentration in the grain. The effect of K application on the reduction of radioactive Cs concentration in the grain was confirmed by pot and field experiments conducted respectively in 2012 and 2013. This effect might result from the similarity of ion forms of K and Cs and/or the lower exchangeable Cs concentrations at higher exchangeable K concentrations in soil. Based on these results, farmers were recommended to establish a soil exchangeable K concentration of 250 mg kg(-1) (300 mg kg(-1) in K2O) before applying basal fertilizer. After this recommendation, the soil K concentrations of farmers' fields increased, causing an overall decrease in radioactive Cs concentrations of buckwheat grain produced in 2013. Consequently, no grain sample from this year exceeded the standard limits for radioactive Cs level across the affected area in Japan. These efforts contributed greatly to the rehabilitation and reconstruction of agriculture in the area contaminated with radioactive Cs. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
• Bacterial community shifts associated with high abundance of Rhizobium spp. in potato roots under macronutrient-deficient conditions

  Yusuke Unno, Takuro Shinano, Kiwamu Minamisawa, Seishi Ikeda

  SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY 80 232 - 236 0038-0717 2015/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  We evaluated the impacts of a macronutrient deficiency on the community structure of root-associated bacteria in potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivation. Potato plants were cultivated in a long-term experimental field under a nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium deficiency, and roots were sampled at the early flowering stage. Amplicon libraries of 16S rRNA gene were constructed for root-associated bacteria, and bacterial diversity was analyzed by Means of pyrosequencing. Statistical analyses showed significantly lower species evenness in the nutrient-deficient plots compared with the value in a plot with standard fertilization. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the abundance of Rhizobium spp. increased dramatically in all plots under a macronutrient deficiency. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
• ゲル化法を用いた懸濁物質を含む農業関連水試料中の放射性セシウムの定量

  松波寿弥, 申文浩, 高橋義彦, 北島枝織, 土屋貴史, 信濃卓郎

  Radioisotoopes 64 681 - 686 2015 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Application of ionomics to plant and soil in fields under long-term fertilizer trials.

  Toshihiro Watanabe, Masaru Urayama, Takuro Shinano, Ryosuke Okada, Mitsuru Osaki

  SpringerPlus 4 781 - 781 2015 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Ionomics is the study of elemental accumulation in living organisms using high-throughput elemental profiling. In the present study, we examined the ionomic responses to nutrient deficiency in maize grown in the field in long-term fertilizer trials. Furthermore, the available elements in the field soils were analyzed to investigate their changes under long-term fertilizer treatment and the ionomic relationships between plant and soil. Maize was cultivated in a field with the following five long-term fertilizer treatments: complete fertilization, fertilization without nitrogen, without phosphorus, without potassium, and no fertilization. Concentrations of 22 elements in leaves at an early flowering stage and in soils after harvest were determined. The fertilizer treatments changed the availabilities of many elements in soils. For example, available cesium was decreased by 39 % and increased by 126 % by fertilizations without nitrogen and potassium, respectively. Effects of treatments on the ionome in leaves were evaluated using the translocation ratio (the concentration in leaves relative to the available concentration in soils) for each element. Nitrogen deficiency specifically increased the uptake ability of molybdenum, which might induce the enhancement of nitrogen assimilation and/or endophytic nitrogen fixation in plant. Potassium deficiency drastically enhanced the uptake ability of various cationic elements. These elements might act as alternatives to K in osmoregulation and counterion of organic/inorganic anions. Two major groups of elements were detected by multivariate analyses of plant ionome. Elements in the same group may be linked more or less in uptake and/or translocation systems. No significant correlation between plant and soil was found in concentrations of many elements, even though various soil extraction methods were applied, implying that the interactions between the target and other elements in soil must be considered when analyzing mineral dynamics between plant and soil.
• 農産物への放射性セシウムの移行抑制対策

  Shinano T

  JATAFF 3 (9) 24 - 29 2015 [Not refereed][Invited]
  
• The Pane Discussion: How science communicators can contribute to regeneration of Fukushima.

  Hayaoka E, Kubota N, Shinano T, Honda N

  科学技術コミュニケーション 北海道大学高等教育推進機構 高等教育研究部 科学技術コミュニケーション教育研究部門（CoSTEP） 17 (17) 99 - 112 1881-8390 2015 [Refereed][Invited]
  
• 農業再建への研究者としての取り組み

  Shinano T

  Japanese Journal of Science Communication 17 (17) 85 - 91 1881-8390 2015 [Refereed][Invited]
  
• Baceterial community shifts associated with high abundance of Rhizobium sp. in potato roots under deficient conditions of macro fertilizer elements

  Unno Y, Shinano T, Minamisawa K, Ikeda S

  Soil Biology and Biochemistry 80 232 - 236 2015 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Varietal difference in radiocesium uptake and transfer from radiocesium deposited soils in the genus Amaranthus

  Takuro Shinano, Toshihiro Watanabe, Qingnan Chu, Mitsuru Osaki, Daisuke Kobayashi, Toshiyasu Okouchi, Hisaya Matsunami, Osamu Nagata, Keiki Okazaki, Takuji Nakamura

  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 60 (6) 809 - 817 0038-0768 2014/11 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Within Amaranthaceae, 33 different varieties, including local varieties from Japan, were grown in 2012 in a field in the town of Iino in the Fukushima prefecture, which is located approximately 51km north of Tokyo Electric Power Company, Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP). The contamination level of the soil was 2770 +/- 140Bq kg(-1) dry weight ((134)Cesium (Cs)+Cs-137, average +/- SE), and the field was also cultivated in 2011. There was a significant varietal difference in the dry weight production, radiocesium accumulation and transfer factor (TF) of radiocesium from the soil to the plant. The ratio of the lowest TF to the highest TF was approximately 3. Because the ratio of Cs-137 to Cs-133 was significantly positive, radiocesium seems to be absorbed in a manner similar to that of Cs-133. It is suggested that the varietal difference in the behavior of radiocesium uptake mainly depends on its genetic background rather than on environmental factors.
• Metabolite profiling of soybean root exudates under phosphorus deficiency

  Keitaro Tawaraya, Ryota Horie, Takuro Shinano, Tadao Wagatsuma, Kazuki Saito, Akira Oikawa

  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 60 (5) 679 - 694 0038-0768 2014/09 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Root exudates are derived from plant metabolites and their composition is affected by the plant nutritional status. The purpose of this study was to examine soybean root exudates under phosphorus (P) deficiency using a metabolite profiling technique. Glycine max L. (cv. Suzuyutaka) was grown in a culture solution at P concentrations of 0 (P0) and 8 (P8) mg P L-1 for 1, 5, 10 and 15days after transplanting. Shoot extract, root extract and root exudates were collected and their metabolites were determined by capillary electrophoresis/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOF MS). The shoot P concentration and dry weight of soybean plants grown at P0 were lower than those at P8. One hundred and eight, 116 and 79 metabolites were identified in the shoot extract, root extract and root exudates, respectively. The concentrations of several metabolites including amino acids and organic acids in root exudates were higher at P0 than at P8, irrespective of the P concentration in the shoot or root extract. These findings suggest that soybean roots actively release metabolites in response to P deficiency.
• Arsenic alters uptake and distribution of sulphur in Pteris vittata.

  Toshihiro Watanabe, Ran Kouho, Tomo Katayose, Nobuyuki Kitajima, Naoya Sakamoto, Noriko Yamaguchi, Takuro Shinano, Hisayoshi Yurimoto, Mitsuru Osaki

  Plant, cell & environment 37 (1) 45 - 53 0140-7791 2014/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Low-molecular-weight thiol (LMWT) synthesis has been reported to be directly induced by arsenic (As) in Pteris vittata, an As hyperaccumulator. Sulphur (S) is a critical component of LMWTs. Here, the effect of As treatment on the uptake and distribution of S in P. vittata was investigated. In P. vittata grown under low S conditions, the presence of As in the growth medium enhanced the uptake of SO4(2-), which was used for LMWT synthesis in fronds. In contrast, As application did not affect SO4(2-) uptake in Nephrolepis exaltata, an As non-hyperaccumulator. Moreover, the isotope microscope system revealed that S absorbed with As accumulated locally in a vacuole-like organelle in epidermal cells, whereas S absorbed alone was distributed uniformly. These results suggest that S is involved in As transport and/or accumulation in P. vittata. X-ray absorption near-edge structure analysis revealed that the major As species in the fronds and roots of P. vittata were inorganic As(III) and As(V), respectively, and that As-LMWT complexes occurred as a minor species. Consequently, in case of As accumulation in P. vittata, S possibly acts as a temporary ligand for As in the form of LMWTs in intercellular and/or intracellular transport (e.g. vacuolar sequestration).
• Verification of radiocesium decontamination from farmlands by plants in Fukushima.

  Daisuke Kobayashi, Toshiyasu Okouchi, Mutsumi Yamagami, Takuro Shinano

  Journal of plant research 1 127 (1) 51 - 6 0918-9440 2014 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  The purpose of this study was to verify radiocesium decontamination from Fukushima farmland by plants and to screen plants useful for phytoremediation. Thirteen species from three families (Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae) of crops were grown in shallow and deeply cultivated fields (0-8 and 0-15 cm plowing, respectively). To change plowing depth was expected to make different contacting zone between root system and radiocesium in soil. The radioactivity values of the plants due to the radiocesium ¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs were 22-179 and 29-225 Bq kg dry weight⁻¹, respectively. The ¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs transfer factors for plants grown in the shallow field ranged from 0.021 to 0.12 and fro 0.019 to 0.13, respectively, with the geometric means of 0.051 and 0.057, respectively. The ¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs transfer factors for plants grown in the deep field ranged from 0.019 to 0.13 and from 0.022 to 0.13, respectively, with the geometric means of 0.045 and 0.063, respectively. Although a reducing ratio was calculated to evaluate the decrease in radiocesium from contaminated soil during cultivation (i.e., phytoremediation ability), no plant species resulted in a remarkable decrease in radiocesium in soil among the tested crops. These results should be followed up for several years and further analyses are required to evaluate whether the phytoremediation technique is applicable to radioactively contaminated farmlands.
• Effect of phosphorus levels on the protein profiles of secreted protein and root surface protein of rice.

  Takuro Shinano, Tomoko Yoshimura, Toshihiro Watanabe, Yusuke Unno, Mitsuru Osaki, Yohei Nanjo, Setsuko Komatsu

  Journal of proteome research 11 12 (11) 4748 - 56 1535-3893 2013/11/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Plant roots are complicated organs that absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Roots also play an essential role in protecting plants from attack by soil pathogens and develop a beneficial role with some soil microorganisms. Plant-derived rhizosphere proteins (e.g., root secretory proteins and root surface binding proteins) are considered to play important roles in developing mutual relationships in the rhizosphere. In the rhizosphere, where plant roots meet the surrounding environment, it has been suggested that root secretory protein and root surface binding protein are important factors. Furthermore, it is not known how the physiological status of the plant affects the profile of these proteins. In this study, rice plants were grown aseptically, with or without phosphorus nutrition, and proteins were obtained from root bathing solution (designated as root secretory proteins) and obtained using 0.2 M CaCl2 solution (designated as root surface binding proteins). The total number of identified proteins in the root bathing solution was 458, and the number of root surface binding proteins was 256. More than half of the proteins were observed in both fractions. Most of the proteins were categorized as either having signal peptides or no membrane transport helix sites. The functional categorization suggested that most of the proteins seemed to have secretory pathways and were involved in defense/disease-related functions. These characteristics seem to be unique to rhizosphere proteins, and the latter might be part of the plants strategy to defeat pathogens in the soil. The low phosphorus treatment significantly increased the number of pathogenesis-related proteins in the root secretory proteins, whereas the change was small in the case of the root surface binding proteins. The results suggested that the roots are actively and selectively secreting protein into the rhizosphere.
• Aroma characteristic and volatile profiling of carrot varieties and quantitative role of terpenoid compounds for carrot sensory attributes.

  Tomohiko Fukuda, Keiki Okazaki, Takuro Shinano

  Journal of food science 11 78 (11) S1800-6 - 6 0022-1147 2013/11 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  The aroma characteristics and volatile profiles of 14 carrot varieties were investigated by sensory evaluations and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry volatile analyses. The sensory map obtained by principal components analysis showed that the sensory attributes comprised 3 categories: sour/green, overall carrot/harsh/ink-like, and fruity/fresh/sweet. The Kuroda type is characterized by lower intensities of overall carrot/harsh/ink-like and fruity/fresh/sweet notes. Furthermore, volatile profiling indicated that this type did not have significantly higher amounts of volatiles. Partial least squares regression analysis determined the quantitative contributions to ink-like, harsh, and fruity carrot aromas; monoterpenes had significant positive correlations with these attributes, while bisabolene isomers had negative correlations. The aroma attribute intensity and contents of volatiles and nutritional compounds are relatively low in the Kuroda type than in other carrot types. This type may be useful for reducing carrot harshness during the development of new carrots with good eating qualities.
• Mitigation of peroxidative stress for barley exposed to cadmium in the presence of water-extractable organic matter from compost-like materials.

  Naoya Tachibana, Kenya Nagasawa, Binhui Wang, Kazuki Nishiya, Masami Fukushima, Hikari Kanno, Takuro Shinano, Keiki Okazaki

  Chemosphere 4 93 (4) 695 - 700 0045-6535 2013/10 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  The effects of water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from compost-like materials on peroxidative stress were investigated for hydroponic culture of barley exposed to Cd. In the presence of WEOM, lipoxygenase activity and malondialdehyde, indices of peroxidative stress in barley, were significantly reduced, compared to those with Cd alone (5 μM) for a 30-d culture (p<0.05). In addition, Cd uptake in the presence of WEOM samples was significantly lower than that in their absence (p<0.05). These results indicate that the addition of WEOM can be effective in mitigating the peroxidative stress in barley exposed to Cd. Of the total Cd in the solution, 7-8% was complexed with WEOM, indicating that the complexation of Cd with WEOM is a minor factor in reducing Cd-induced stress in barley. The WEOM sample was purified by cation-exchange column and ultrafiltration to remove the nutrient minerals, such as Ca, Mg and Fe. When the purified WEOM was employed for hydroponic culture in the presence of Cd, significant decreases in peroxidative stress and Cd uptake were observed (p<0.05). These results show that the organic components in WEOM contribute to the mitigation of peroxidative stress in barley exposed to Cd.
• Metabolite Profiling of Mizuna (Brassica rapa L. var. Nipponsinica) To Evaluate the Effects of Organic Matter Amendments

  Ayano Watanabe, Keiki Okazaki, Toshihiro Watanabe, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano

  JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 61 (5) 1009 - 1016 0021-8561 2013/02 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Organic matter amendment is an essential agricultural protocol to improve soil function and carbon sequestration. However, the effect of organic matter amendments on crop quality has not been well-defined. This study applied gas chromatography mass spectrometry to investigate the metabolite profiling of mizuna (Brassica rapa L. var. Nipponsinica) with different organic matter amendments with respect to quality and quantity. Principal component analysis showed that 33.4, 15.6, and 6.6% of the total variance was attributable to the plant N concentration, fast-release organic fertilizer (fish cake), chicken droppings), and rapeseed cake), and manure application (fresh and dried), respectively. The peak areas of 18 and 15 compounds were significantly altered under organic fertilizer and manure amendment, respectively, compared with pure chemical fertilizer amendment. The compounds altered with manure amendment were similar to those reported in previous studies using other species. This study is the first to show dear metabolic alterations in plants through the amendment of fast-release organic fertilizer. Mizuna is a unique plant species that responds to both organic fertilizer and manure. These observations are useful to clarify the effect of organic matter amendment and quality control in farming systems using organic matter.
• Metagenomic analysis of the rhizosphere soil microbiome with respect to phytic acid utilization

  Yusuke Unno, Takuro Shinano

  Microbes and Environments 28 (1) 120 - 127 1342-6311 2013 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  While phytic acid is a major form of organic phosphate in many soils, plant utilization of phytic acid is normally limited however, culture trials of Lotus japonicus using experimental field soil that had been managed without phosphate fertilizer for over 90 years showed significant usage of phytic acid applied to soil for growth and flowering and differences in the degree of growth, even in the same culture pot. To understand the key metabolic processes involved in soil phytic acid utilization, we analyzed rhizosphere soil microbial communities using molecular ecological approaches. Although molecular fingerprint analysis revealed changes in the rhizosphere soil microbial communities from bulk soil microbial community, no clear relationship between the microbiome composition and flowering status that might be related to phytic acid utilization of L. japonicus could be determined. However, metagenomic analysis revealed changes in the relative abundance of the classes Bacteroidetes, Betaproteobacteria, Chlorobi, Dehalococcoidetes and Methanobacteria, which include strains that potentially promote plant growth and phytic acid utilization, and some gene clusters relating to phytic acid utilization, such as alkaline phosphatase and citrate synthase, with the phytic acid utilization status of the plant. This study highlights phylogenetic and metabolic features of the microbial community of the L. japonicus rhizosphere and provides a basic understanding of how rhizosphere microbial communities affect the phytic acid status in soil.
• METABOLITE PROFILING OF SHOOT EXTRACTS, ROOT EXTRACTS, AND ROOT EXUDATES OF RICE PLANT UNDER PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY

  Keitaro Tawaraya, Ryota Horie, Akiko Saito, Takuro Shinano, Tadao Wagatsuma, Kazuki Saito, Akira Oikawa

  JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION 36 (7) 1138 - 1159 0190-4167 2013/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  We applied a metabolite profiling technique to investigate root exudates under phosphorus (P) deficiency. Oryza sativa was grown in culture solution containing three P levels (0, 1, and 8mg P L-1). Shoot extracts, root extracts, and root exudates were obtained from 18 and 23-day-old plants and their metabolites were determined by capillary electrophoresis/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Eighty, 90, and 65 metabolites were identified in shoot extracts, root extracts, and root exudates, respectively. Sixty-three to eighty-four percent of the metabolites were exuded to the rhizosphere. More than 33% of the metabolites in the root exudates showed higher concentration at low P than at high P. On the other hand, only 14% of the metabolites in the root extracts showed lower concentration at low P than at high P. These results suggest that rice roots actively release many metabolites in response to P deficiency.
• Ionome of Soybean Seed Affected by Previous Cropping with Mycorrhizal Plant and Manure Application

  Zhimin Sha, Norikuni Oka, Toshihiro Watanabe, Biatna Dulbert Tampubolon, Keiki Okazaki, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano

  JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 60 (38) 9543 - 9552 0021-8561 2012/09 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Two field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of previous cultivation of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) host plant and manure application on the concentration of 19 mineral elements in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Tsurumusume) seeds. Each experiment ran for two years (experiment 1 took place in 2007-2008, and experiment 2 took place in 2008-2009) with a split plot design. Soybeans were cultivated after growing either an AM host plant (maize, Zea mays L. cv. New dental) or a non-AM host plant (buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. cv. Kitawase-soba) in the first year in the main plots, with manure application (0 and 20 t/ha) during the soybean season in split plots from both main plots. On the basis of the two experiments, manure application significantly increased the available potassium (K) and decreased the available iron (Fe) and cesium (Cs) in the soil. However, higher concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and barium (Ba) and lower concentrations of Cs in the seed were induced by the application of manure. Cd levels in the seed were decreased by prior cultivation with the AM host plant. The present study showed that the identity of the prior crop and manure application changed the mineral contents of the soybean seed and suggests a connection between environmental factors and food safety.
• Mitigation of peroxidative stress for a barley exposed to cadmium in the presence of water-extractable organic matter from compost-like materials.

  Naoya Tachibana, Kenya Nagasawa, Masami Fukushima, Hikari Kanno, Takuro Shinano, Keiki Okazaki

  In: “Functions of Natural Organic Matter in Changing Environment” Proceeding Papers of The 16th Meeting of the International Humic Substances Society 347 - 349 2012 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• A rapid and simple PCR method for identifying isolates of the genus Azospirillum within populations of rhizosphere bacteria

  A. Shime-Hattori, S. Kobayashi, S. Ikeda, R. Asano, H. Shime, T. Shinano

  JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 111 (4) 915 - 924 1364-5072 2011/10 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Aims: To develop a rapid and simple genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for detecting and identifying isolates of the genus Azospirillum which is well-recognized as plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium. Methods and Results: Nine pairs of PCR primers were designed based on the Azospirillum 16S rRNA, ipdC, nifA and nifH genes to assess their genus specificity by testing against 12 Azospirillum (from seven species) and 15 non-Azospirillum reference strains, as compared with the fAZO/rAZO pair reported by Baudoin et al. (J Appl Microbiol, 108, 2010, 25). Among the primer pairs assessed, the Az16S-A pair designed on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed the highest genus specificity: it successfully yielded a single amplicon of the expected size in all the 12 Azospirillum strains and for a close relative, Rhodocista centenaria. The PCR with the Az16S-A primers generated a detectable amount of the amplicon from >= 10(3) CPU ml(-1) of Azospirillum cell suspensions even in the presence of contaminants and accurately discriminated Azospirillum and non-Azospirillum species in both 35 Azospirillum-like and 70 unknown isolates from plant roots and rhizosphere soils. Conclusions: We developed a rapid and simple PCR method for detecting and identifying Azospirillum isolates within populations of rhizosphere bacteria. Significance and Impact of the Study: The method developed would serve as a useful tool for isolating a variety of indigenous Azospirillum bacteria from agricultural samples.
• The Genotype of the Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Gene (CCaMK) Determines Bacterial Community Diversity in Rice Roots under Paddy and Upland Field Conditions

  Seishi Ikeda, Takashi Okubo, Naoya Takeda, Mari Banba, Kazuhiro Sasaki, Haruko Imaizumi-Anraku, Shinsuke Fujihara, Yoshinari Ohwaki, Kenshiro Ohshima, Yoshimichi Fukuta, Shima Eda, Hisayuki Mitsui, Masahira Hattori, Tadashi Sato, Takuro Shinano, Kiwamu Minamisawa

  APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 77 (13) 4399 - 4405 0099-2240 2011/07 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  The effects of the Oryza sativa calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase OsCCaMK genotype (dominant homozygous [D], heterozygous [H], recessive homozygous [R]) on rice root-associated bacteria, including endophytes and epiphytes, were examined by using a Tos17 rice mutant line under paddy and upland field conditions. Roots were sampled at the flowering stage and were subjected to clone library analyses. The relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria was noticeably decreased in R plants under both paddy and upland conditions (0.8% and 3.0%, respectively) relative to those in D plants (10.3% and 17.4%, respectively). Population shifts of the Sphingomonadales and Rhizobiales were mainly responsible for this low abundance in R plants. The abundance of Anaerolineae (Chloroflexi) and Clostridia (Firmicutes) was increased in R plants under paddy conditions. The abundance of a subpopulation of Actinobacteria (Saccharothrix spp. and unclassified Actinosynnemataceae) was increased in R plants under upland conditions. Principal coordinate analysis revealed unidirectional community shifts in relation to OsCCaMK gene dosage under both conditions. In addition, shoot length, tiller number, and plant weight decreased as the OsCCaMK gene dosage decreased under upland conditions. These results suggest significant impacts of OsCCaMK on both the diversity of root-associated bacteria and rice plant growth under both paddy and upland field conditions.
• Autoregulation of Nodulation Interferes with Impacts of Nitrogen Fertilization Levels on the Leaf-Associated Bacterial Community in Soybeans

  Seishi Ikeda, Mizue Anda, Shoko Inaba, Shima Eda, Shusei Sato, Kazuhiro Sasaki, Satoshi Tabata, Hisayuki Mitsui, Tadashi Sato, Takuro Shinano, Kiwamu Minamisawa

  APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 77 (6) 1973 - 1980 0099-2240 2011/03 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  The diversities leaf-associated bacteria on nonnodulated (Nod(-)), wild-type nodulated (Nod(+)), and hypernodulated (Nod(+) (+)) soybeans were evaluated by clone library analyses of the 16S rRNA gene. To analyze the impact of nitrogen fertilization on the bacterial leaf community, soybeans were treated with standard nitrogen (SN) (15 kg N ha(-1)) or heavy nitrogen (HN) (615 kg N ha(-1)) fertilization. Under SN fertilization, the relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria was significantly higher in Nod(-) and Nod(+) (+) soybeans (82% to 96%) than in Nod(+) soybeans (54%). The community structure of leaf-associated bacteria in Nod(+) soybeans was almost unaffected by the levels of nitrogen fertilization. However, differences were visible in Nod(-) and Nod(+) (+) soybeans. HN fertilization drastically decreased the relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria in Nod(-) and Nod(+) (+) soybeans (46% to 76%) and, conversely, increased those of Gammaproteobacteria and Firmicutes in these mutant soybeans. In the Alphaproteobacteria, cluster analyses identified two operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (Aurantimonas sp. and Methylobacterium sp.) that were especially sensitive to nodulation phenotypes under SN fertilization and to nitrogen fertilization levels. Arbuscular mycorrhizal infection was not observed on the root tissues examined, presumably due to the rotation of paddy and upland fields. These results suggest that a subpopulation of leaf-associated bacteria in wild-type Nod(+) soybeans is controlled in similar ways through the systemic regulation of autoregulation of nodulation, which interferes with the impacts of N levels on the bacterial community of soybean leaves.
• Proteomic analysis of secreted proteins from aseptically grown rice

  T. Shinano, S. Komatsu, T. Yoshimura, S. Tokutake, F. -J. Kong, T. Watanabe, J. Wasaki, M. Osaki

  PHYTOCHEMISTRY 72 (4-5) 312 - 320 0031-9422 2011/03 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Plants are known to secrete a variety of compounds into the rhizosphere. These compounds are thought to play important roles in the regulation of soil chemical properties and soil microorganisms. To determine the composition of proteins secreted from rice roots, aseptic hydro culture was performed, and the collected proteins were analyzed. Over 100 proteins were identified; most were identified using the rice database (RAP-DB), and about 60% of the identified proteins were suspected to have a signal peptide. Functional categorization suggested that most were secondary metabolism-and defense-related proteins. Pathogenesis-and stress-related proteins were the major proteins found in the bathing solution under aseptic conditions. Thus, we propose that rice plants constitutively secrete a large variety of proteins to protect their roots against abiotic and/or biotic stresses in the environment. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Changes in saccharide, amino acid and S-methylmethionine content during malting of barley grown with different nitrogen and sulfur status

  Masahito Nanamori, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Makoto Kihara, Kazumitsu Kawahara, Shinji Yamada, Mitsuru Osaki

  JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 91 (1) 85 - 93 0022-5142 2011/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  BACKGROUND: Changes in saccharide, amino acid and S-methylmethionine (SMM) concentrations and enzyme activities during the malting of barley grown with different nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) supplementation were investigated in order to clarify their relationship with N and S fertiliser levels. RESULTS: Concentrations of N and S in barley grain were significantly increased by the addition of N to the culture soil. Application of N decreased the starch concentration in grain. On the other hand, higher N fertilisation increased the beta-glucan concentration in grain and malt, thus decreasing the accessibility of beta-glucanase to its substrates. Proteolytic enzyme activity was significantly higher in the absence (-N treatment) than in the presence (+N treatment) of N fertiliser, making the concentration of the majority of amino acids in malt slightly higher in the -N treatment. SMM was synthesised in grain after imbibition, and application of N increased the SMM content in malt. CONCLUSION: Although SMM can be controlled to a certain extent during kilning, a balanced supply of N and S during cultivation can also be helpful for the production of malt with lower SMM concentration. Adequate soil management is desirable to maintain the balance between good agronomic performance and high malt quality. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
• Influence of arsenic stress on synthesis and localization of low-molecular-weight thiols in Pteris vittata

  Yuki Sakai, Toshihiro Watanabe, Jun Wasaki, Takeshi Senoura, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki

  ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 158 (12) 3663 - 3669 0269-7491 2010/12 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  The roles of low-molecular-weight thiols (LMWTs), such as glutathione and phytochelatins, in arsenic (As) tolerance and hyperaccumulation in Pteris vittata an As-hyperaccumulator fern remain to be better understood. This study aimed to thoroughly characterize LMWT synthesis in P. vittata to understand the roles played by LMWTs in As tolerance and hyperaccumulation. LMWT synthesis in P. vittata was induced directly by As, and not by As-mediated oxidative stress. Expression of PvECS2. one of the putative genes of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma ECS), increases in P. vittata shoots at 48 h after the onset of As exposure, almost corresponding to the increase in the concentrations of gamma-glutamylcysteine and glutathione. Furthermore, localization of As showed similar trends to those of LMWTs in fronds at both whole-frond and cellular levels. This study thus indicates the specific contribution of LMWTs to As tolerance in P. vittata. gamma ECS may be responsible for the As-induced enhancement of LMWT synthesis. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Analysis of Diversity of Diazotrophic Bacteria Associated with the Rhizosphere of a Tropical Arbor, Melastoma malabathricum L.

  Atsuya Sato, Toshihiro Watanabe, Yusuke Unno, Erry Purnomo, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano

  MICROBES AND ENVIRONMENTS 24 (2) 81 - 87 1342-6311 2009 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  The diversity of diazotrophic bacteria in the rhizosphere of Melastoma malabathricum L. was investigated by cloning-sequencing of the nifH gene directly amplified from DNA extracted from soil. Samples were obtained from the rhizosphere and bulk soil of M. malabathricum growing in three different soil types (acid sulfate, peat and sandy clay soils) located very close to each other in south Kalimantan, Indonesia. Six clone libraries were constructed, generated from bulk and rhizosphere soil samples, and 300 nifH clones were produced, then assembled into 29 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on percent identity values. Our results suggested that nifH gene diversity is mainly dependent on soil properties, and did not differ remarkably between the rhizosphere and bulk soil of M. malabathricum except in acid sulfate soil. In acid sulfate soil, as the Shannon diversity index was lower in rhizosphere than in bulk soil, it is suggested that particular bacterial species might accumulate in the rhizosphere.
• Rapid characterization of plant mutants with an altered ion-profile: a case study using Lotus japonicus

  Zheng Chen, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Keiki Okazaki, Mitsuru Osaki

  NEW PHYTOLOGIST 181 (4) 795 - 801 0028-646X 2009 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Legumes are second only to cereals in their importance to humans, and study of their functional genomics of nutrition and other trace elements is crucial for agricultural production and food fortification. We describe here an ionomic screening experiment carried out to investigate the accumulation of 15 elements in shoots of mutants of Lotus japonicus, a good genetic tool for legume study. Approximately 2000 mutagenized M2 plants were cultivated in a novel low-cost high-throughput system and their elemental profiles were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). After triple-checking the element concentrations in M2 or M3 plant shoots, 31 mutants with altered elemental profiles were identified. Surprisingly, the number of genes regulating essential elements was similar to the number regulating nonessential elements. Magnesium (Mg) and nickel (Ni) were correlated in a number of mutants. Further investigation suggested that phosphorus (P) and cobalt (Co) might be involved in the ion homeostasis network of Mg and Ni. The results suggested that the pathways for element uptake or translocation were highly linked through the ion transport-related genes. Ionomics proved to be a powerful functional genomics tool for determining genes related to ion homeostasis in this study. New Phytologist (2009) 181: 795-801doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02730.x.
• Sequencing and Analysis of Approximately 40 000 Soybean cDNA Clones from a Full-Length-Enriched cDNA Library

  Taishi Umezawa, Tetsuya Sakurai, Yasushi Totoki, Atsushi Toyoda, Motoaki Seki, Atsushi Ishiwata, Kenji Akiyama, Atsushi Kurotani, Takuhiro Yoshida, Keiichi Mochida, Mie Kasuga, Daisuke Todaka, Kyonoshin Maruyama, Kazuo Nakashima, Akiko Enju, Saho Mizukado, Selina Ahmed, Kyoko Yoshiwara, Kyuya Harada, Yasutaka Tsubokura, Masaki Hayashi, Shusei Sato, Toyoaki Anai, Masao Ishimoto, Hideyuki Funatsuki, Masayoshi Teraishi, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano, Ryo Akashi, Yoshiyuki Sakaki, Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, Kazuo Shinozaki

  DNA RESEARCH 15 (6) 333 - 346 1340-2838 2008/12 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  A large collection of full-length cDNAs is essential for the correct annotation of genomic sequences and for the functional analysis of genes and their products. We obtained a total of 39 936 soybean cDNA clones (GMFL01 and GMFL02 clone sets) in a full-length-enriched cDNA library which was constructed from soybean plants that were grown under various developmental and environmental conditions. Sequencing from 5' and 3' ends of the clones generated 68 661 expressed sequence tags (ESTs). The EST sequences were clustered into 22 674 scaffolds involving 2580 full-length sequences. In addition, we sequenced 4712 full-length cDNAs. After removing overlaps, we obtained 6570 new full-length sequences of soybean cDNAs so far. Our data indicated that 87.7% of the soybean cDNA clones contain complete coding sequences in addition to 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions. All of the obtained data confirmed that our collection of soybean full-length cDNAs covers a wide variety of genes. Comparative analysis between the derived sequences from soybean and Arabidopsis, rice or other legumes data revealed that some specific genes were involved in our collection and a large art of them could be annotated to unknown functions. A large set of soybean full-length cDNA clones reported in this study will serve as a useful resource for gene discovery from soybean and will also aid a precise annotation of the soybean genome.
• Differences in the metabolite profiles of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaf in different concentrations of nitrate in the culture solution

  Keiki Okazaki, Norikuni Oka, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki, Masako Takebe

  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 49 (2) 170 - 177 0032-0781 2008/02 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  The nitrogen (N) status of a plant determines the composition of its major components (amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates and organic acids) and, directly or indirectly, affects the quality of agricultural products in terms of their calorific value and taste. Although these effects are guided by changes in metabolic pathways, no overall metabolic analysis has previously been conducted to demonstrate such effects. Here, metabolite profiling using gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to evaluate the effect of N levels on spinach tissue, comparing two cultivars that differed in their ability to use N. Wide variation in N content was observed without any distinct inhibition of growth in either cultivar. Principal component analysis (PCA) and self-organizing mapping (SOM) were undertaken to describe changes in the metabolites of mature spinach leaves. In PCA, the first component accounted for 44.5% of the total variance, the scores of which was positively correlated with the plants N content, and a close relationship between metabolite profiles and N status was observed. Both PCA and SOM revealed that metabolites could be broadly divided into two types, correlating either positively or negatively with plant N content. The simple and co-coordinated metabolic stream, containing both general and spinach-specific aspects of plant N content, will be useful in future research on such topics as the detection of environmental effects on spinach through comprehensive metabolic profiling.
• Advances in developing screening methods and improving aluminum resistance in common bean and Brachiaria

  Idupulapati Rao, Peter Wenzl, Adriana Arango, John Miles, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki, Tadao Wagatsuma, Germ?n Manrique, Stephen Beebe, Joe Tohme, Manabu Ishitani, Andr?s Rangel, Walter Horst

  Current Agricultural Science and Technology 14 (4) 1 - 7 2008 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Metabolite profiling and assessment of metabolome compartmentation of soybean leaves using non-aqueous fractionation and GC-MS analysis

  Noureddine Benkeblia, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki

  Metabolomics 3 (3) 297 - 305 1573-3882 2007/09 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  In the present study, non-aqueous fractionation (NAQF) and GC-MS were used to obtain a spatially resolved view of metabolism in mature leaves of soybean (Glycine max Merr.). NAQF of lyophilized soybean leaves was performed using CCl4-n-heptane and ultracentrifugation that yielded a gradient comprised of six fractions. Chlorophyll content, and marker enzyme activities, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and α-mannosidase, were utilized as stroma, cytosol and vacuole markers, respectively. GC-MS analyses of each fraction resulted in the identification of around 100 different metabolites. The distribution of these identified compounds showed a decreasing order from the vacuole to cytosol to chloroplast stroma. In other words, a greater number of identified compounds were found in the vacuole when compared to the cytosol or stroma. Levels of sugars, organic acids and fatty acids showed greater relative abundances in the vacuole with 50, 55, and 50% of the respective pools. A greater relative abundance of amino acids was observed in the cytosol where 45% of the total of amino acids content was recorded. The relatively large pool of sugars and phenolic acids in the vacuole compartment implies high levels of starch metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The low amino acids pool, on the other hand, suggests low nitrogen accumulation in the leaves of soybean. Hierarchical cluster analysis on the most abundant metabolites revealed three clusters containing 10, 20, and 2 of the 32 selected metabolites. The data were discussed in term of NAQF and GC-MS analysis of soybean mature leaves, and also in term of distribution and compartmentation of metabolites at subcellular levels. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007.
• Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on the nutrient uptake characteristics of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi)

  Takuro Shinano, Takuya Yamamoto, Keitaro Tawaraya, Masaru Tadokoro, Takayoshi Koike, Mitsuru Osaki

  TREE PHYSIOLOGY 27 (1) 97 - 104 0829-318X 2007/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  We evaluated the response of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi Sieb. & Zucc.) to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) (689 +/- 75 ppm in 2002 and 697 +/- 90 ppm in 2003) over 2 years in a field experiment with open-top charnbers. Root activity was assessed as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake rates estimated from Successive measurements of absorbed amounts. Dry matter production of whole plants was unaffected by elevated [CO2] in the first year of treatment, but increased significantly in response to elevated [CO2] in the second year. In contrast, elevated [CO2] increased the root to shoot ratio and fine root dry mass in the first year, but not in the second year. Elevated [CO2] had no effect on tissue N, P and K concentrations. Uptake rates of N, P and K correlated with whole-plant relative growth rates, but were unaffected by growth [CO2], as was ectomycorrhizal colonization, a factor assumed to be important for nutrient uptake in trees. We conclude that improved growth of Larix kaempferi in response to elevated [CO2] is accompanied by increased root biomass, but not by increased root activity.
• GC-MS associated global analysis of root exudates of aceptically grown rice plant

  Katsumasa Suzuki, Shunji Tokutake, Mizue Anda, Keiki Okazaki, Masako Takebe, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki

  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 48 S68 - S68 0032-0781 2007 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• GC-MS metabolite profiling under different inorganic nitrogen sources of spinach (Spinacea orelacea L.).

  Keiki Okazaki, Norikuni Oka, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki, Masako Takebe

  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 48 S258 - S258 0032-0781 2007 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Analysis of RNAi lines of novel gene OsPII, which is induced in rice plants grown under low p conditions

  Tonto Nishiyama, Sang Ja Choi, Takuro Shinano, Hiroyuki Koyama, Susumu Ito, Jun Wasaki, Mitsuru Osaki

  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 48 S30 - S30 0032-0781 2007 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• The ability of p-acquisition by tobacco introduced secretory acid phosphatase gene of white lupin

  Hayato Maruyama, Miho Tanaka, Takuya Yamamura, Takuro Shinano, Susumu Ito, Jun Wasaki, Mitsufu Osaki

  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 48 S30 - S30 0032-0781 2007 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Plant growth promotion abilities and microscale bacterial dynamics in the rhizosphere of Lupin analysed by phytate utilization ability

  Y Unno, K Okubo, J Wasaki, T Shinano, M Osaki

  ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 7 (3) 396 - 404 1462-2912 2005/03 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  In the rhizosphere, phosphorus (P) levels are low because of P uptake into the roots. Rhizobacteria live on carbon (C) exuded from roots, and may contribute to plant nutrition by liberating P from organic compounds such as phytates. We isolated over 300 phytate (Na-inositol hexa-phosphate; Na-IHP)-utilizing bacterial strains from the rhizosheath and the rhizoplane of Lupinus albus (L.). Almost all of the isolates were classified as Burkholderia based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Rhizosheath isolates cultured with Na-IHP as the only source of C and P showed lower P uptake at the same extracellular phytase activity than rhizoplane strains, suggesting that bacteria from the rhizosheath utilized phytate as a C source. Many isolates also utilized insoluble phytate (Al-IHP and/or Fe-IHP). In co-culture with Lotus japonicus seedlings, some isolates promoted plant growth significantly.
• Production of maize in the karst mountain area of South-West China

  T. Shinano, Z. Taigen, T. Yamamura, Y. Meng, W. Lu, H. Tan

  TROPICAL AGRICULTURE 81 (4) 204 - 210 0041-3216 2004/10 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  A village was selected in a basin within the karst mountain area in south-western China, with the aim of increasing the productivity of maize and highlighting the problem(s) of the farming system. The rock of the Karst Mountains surrounding the village is composed of dolomite, and thus, the soil contains a large amount of Ca and Mg and a relatively small amount of K. The cropping land was separated into flat and sloping areas and slopes up to 25 degrees were utilized for the production of maize, because of population pressure. In the sloping areas, the available P content was very poor compared with the flat area where a large amount of available P was observed from the top layer to a depth of 70 cm. Although the soil was poor in P and (or) K, farmers only applied manure and N in the form of ammonium carbonate [(NH4)(2)CO3]. The amount of N applied by the farmers as manure was normally 100-200 kg N ha(-1) and (NH4)(2)CO3 was applied at the rate of 60.5 kg N ha(-1) twice during the growing season (150 days). This caused about 50-70% of the applied N to be left in the field. An increase in productivity and N use efficiency was achieved by using a chemical K fertilizer in the flat areas. It is proposed that there is a need to reduce the amount of manure and (NH4)(2)CO3 used in this area and that the proper application of K in flat areas and P and K in sloping areas could improve the productivity of maize and N use efficiency of applied manure.
• Production of lupin acid phosphatase in transgenic rice for use as a phytate-hydrolyzing enzyme in animal feed

  A Hamada, K Yamaguchi, M Harada, S Nikumaru, J Wasaki, T Shinano, H Matsui, M Osaki, H Honda

  BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 68 (7) 1611 - 1616 0916-8451 2004/07 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  The acid phosphatase gene from lupin was expressed in transgenic rice plants under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter or rice chlorophyll a/b binding protein (Cab) promoter. Transgenic rice leaves exhibited up to an 18-fold increase in phytate-hydrolyzing activity. Based on the phytate-hydrolyzing activity at pH 5.5, more than 85% this activity was retained after heat-treatment at 80degreesC for 15min, and the heterologous enzyme in leaf sections and leaf extracts was relatively stable during storage. A distinct increase in released phosphate was observed when the heterologous enzyme was mixed with the feed extract. These results suggest that the heterologous enzyme in rice plants may maintain its desired characteristics as a phytate-hydrolyzing enzyme when added to animal feed.
• Starch properties of the sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) in different soils

  K. Nozaki, T. Nuyim, T. Shinano, S. Hamada, H. Ito, H. Matsui, M. Osaki

  Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 59 (3) 85 - 92 0921-9668 2004/07 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  We investigated the relationships between starch concentrations and activities of starch synthetic enzymes in sago palms (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) under acid sulfate and mineral soil conditions. Plants grown naturally that had reached their maturated stage were sampled. We found that the growth in acid sulfate soil is lower than that in mineral soil and that starch granules were larger and there was more amylase activity in acid sulfate soil than in mineral soil. Lower amylase activity in mineral soil could eliminate the degradation of starch, making the smaller granules suitable for storing large amounts of starch in a limited space inside cells.
• Low phosphorus tolerance mechanisms: Phosphorus recycling and photosynthate partitioning in the tropical forage grass, Brachiaria hybrid cultivar mulato compared with rice

  M Nanamori, T Shinano, J Wasaki, T Yamamura, IM Rao, M Osaki

  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 45 (4) 460 - 469 0032-0781 2004 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  The Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato is well adapted to low-fertility acid soils deficient in phosphorus (P). To study the grassy forage's mechanisms for tolerating low P supply, we compared it with rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Kitaake). We tested by using nutrient solution cultures, and quantified the effects of P deficiency on the enzymatic activities of phosphohydrolases and on carbon metabolism in P-deficient leaves. While P deficiency markedly induced activity of phosphohydrolases in both crops, the ratio of inorganic phosphorus to total P in leaves was greater in Brachiaria hybrid. Phosphorus deficiency in leaves also markedly influenced the partitioning of carbon in both crops. In the Brachiaria hybrid, compared with rice, the smaller proportion of (14)C partitioned into sugars and the larger proportion into amino acids and organic acids in leaves coincided with decreased levels of sucrose and starch. Hence, in P-deficient leaves of the Brachiaria hybrid, triose-P was metabolized into amino acids or organic acids. Results thus indicate that the Brachiaria hybrid, compared with rice, tolerates low P supply to leaves by enhancing sugar catabolism and by inducing the activity of several phosphohydrolases. This apparently causes rapid P turnover and enables the Brachiaria hybrid to use P more efficiently.
• Micro-spatial distribution of bacteria in the rhizosphere

  Y Unno, T Shinano, J Wasaki, M Osaki

  BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES AND MIGRATION 157 - 160 2004 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Long-term experimental fields (having either no nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium fertilizer or with complete application of N, P, and K fertilizers since 1914) were used for the investigation of bacterial habitat distribution in the rhizosphere. From the rhizosphere of Lupinus albus L., we screened rhizobacteria by their utilization ability of phytate as sole carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) source. Though almost all of the isolates were identified as Burkholderia genus, there was a wide variation in their phosphate utilization. By comparing isolates from rhizosphere soil and isolates from the rhizoplane, those isolates from the latter exhibit higher inorganic phosphate uptake ability when compared at the same extracellular phytase level. We propose that phytate-utilizing bacteria may adapt and segregate from their habitat along a spatial gradient of C and P availability in the rhizosphere. That is, rhizobacteria, which live very close to the rhizoplane, utilize phytate mainly as a P source rather than as a C source, because a large amount of C is provided from roots, whereas this may not be true for P. On the other hand, rhizosphere bacteria that live in a remote area from roots utilize phytate as a C source rather than as a P source, because the lack of available C may restrict the growth of bacteria.
• Nutritional characteristics of the leaves of native plants growing in adverse soils of humid tropical lowlands

  M Osaki, T Watanabe, T Ishizawa, C Nilnond, T Nuyim, T Shinano, M Urayama, SJ Tuah

  PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION 58 (2) 93 - 115 0921-9668 2003 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Acid sulfate, peat, sandy podzolic, and saline soils are widely distributed in the lowlands of Thailand and Malaysia. The nutrient concentrations in the leaves of plants grown in these type of soils were studied with the aim of developing a nutritional strategy for adapting to such problem soils. In sago and oil palms that were well-adapted to peat soil, the N, P, and K concentrations were the same in the mature leaves, while the Ca, Mg, Na, and Fe concentrations were higher in the mature leaves of the oil palm than of the sago palm. Melastoma malabathricum and Melaleuca cajuputi plants that were well-adapted to low pH soils, peat, and acid sulfate soils were also studied. It was observed that a high amount of Al accumulated in the M. marabathricum leaves, while Al did not accumulate in M. cajuputi leaves. M. cajuputi plants accumulated large amounts of Na in their leaves or stems regardless of the exchangeable Na concentration in the soil, while M. malabathricum that was growing in saline-affected soils excluded Na. Positive relationships between macronutrients were recognized between P and N, between K and N, and between P and K. Al showed antagonistic relationships with P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Na. Na also showed antagonistic relationships with P, K, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Al. Fe showed weak antagonistic relationships with Zn, Mn, Cu, and Al.
• Analyses of rice genes respond on low phosphorus condition using microarrays

  J Wasaki, R Yonetani, S Kuroda, T Shinano, J Yazaki, F Fujii, K Shinbo, K Yamamoto, K Sakata, T Sasaki, N Kishimoto, S Kikuchi, M Osaki

  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 43 S238 - S238 0032-0781 2002 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Influence of carbon-nitrogen balance on productivity of C-3 plants and effect of high expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in transgenic rice

  M Osaki, T Shinano

  REDESIGNING RICE PHOTOSYNTHESIS TO INCREASE YIELD 7 177 - 192 2000 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  A root-shoot interaction model is proposed to explain the high productivity of high-yielding varieties of several crops, based on high-yielding trials. In the high-yielding varieties, nitrogen is always actively absorbed during the vigorous sink organ-filling stage (maturation or the ripening stage of growth), Thus, photosynthetic rate (dry matter increase) and root activity (nutrient absorption) remained constant during maturation in high-yielding varieties because a high photosynthetic rate maintains a high root activity by supplying a sufficient amount of photosynthate to the roots, a phenomenon referred to as root-shoot interaction for high productivity. On the other hand, in the varieties with standard yield, hereafter referred to as standard or old or low-yielding varieties, the photosynthetic rate decreased, followed by a decrease in root activity because of the reduced carbohydrate supply; nitrogen incorporated into leaves and stems before maturation was retranslocated during maturation. Two carbon-nitrogen (C-N) interaction models are developed. One is DMt = DM0 exp (CNI x N-t) for cereals and the other is DMt = DM0 + CNI ' x N-t for legumes, where DMt is the dry weight of a plant at a given time, N-t is the amount of N accumulated in the plant at a given time, DM, is the initial dry weight, and CNI and CNI ' are the C-N indices. Moreover, the productivity per unit amount of N accumulated in legumes is quite low compared with that in cereals during the vegetative growth stage. This is caused by the low growth efficiencies [accumulated dry matter/(accumulated dry matter + respiration)] of whole plants regardless of nitrogen concentration, indicating that the concept of growth and maintenance respiration is not valid. The fate of photosynthesized (CO2)-C-14 was quite different between rice and soybean. In soybean, a large amount of photosynthesized (CO2)-C-14 is respired in the light compared with that in the dark, but in rice the amount of C-14 retained in the leaves is similar regardless of light conditions. This high respiratory loss of current photosynthate in soybean in the light can be explained partly by the high rate of photorespiration in the leaves. A large portion of photosynthetically fixed (CO2)-C-14 in soybean in the light was distributed into organic acids, amino acids, and protein compared with that in rice, where metabolism of newly fixed carbon is mainly regulated by the activity of sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) and especially phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC). Thus, it is assumed that the carbon-nitrogen balance of the whole plant is regulated by (1) whether current photosynthate distributes into the tricarboxylic acid cycle or sucrose metabolism in the light, which is regulated by PEPC or SPS, respectively, and (2) whether photorespiratory activity is high or not. This information will help to improve crop productivity through regulation of carbon-nitrogen metabolism. The distribution of (CO2)-C-14 to chemical compounds was studied in transgenic rice plants that showed high expression of the maize PEPC gene. The C/N ratio decreased in transgenic plants compared with controls because of high C-14 distribution to organic acids. As the transgenic plant could exude much organic acid from the roots, this plant showed aluminum tolerance for high aluminum in solution.
• Structure of a cDNA for an acid phosphatase from phosphate-deficient lupin (Lupinus albus L.) roots

  J Wasaki, M Omura, M Osaki, H Ito, H Matsui, T Shinano, T Tadano

  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 45 (2) 439 - 449 0038-0768 1999/06 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  We have isolated a cDNA clone, named LASAP1, for an acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2; APase) from a cDNA library constructed from mRNA in phosphate-deficient lupin (Lupinus albus L. cv. Kievskij) roots. LASAP1 was 2,187 bp in length including a single open reading frame of 1,914 nucleotides that encodes 638 amino acid residues containing a putative signal sequence of 31 amino acids. The polypeptide encoded by LASAP1 was highly hydrophilic, while the putative signal peptide was highly hydrophobic. It was predicted that the peptide had a high affinity to the plasma membrane. The deduced amino acid sequence shared a high homology with that of purple APases from germinated seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris and those secreted from Arabidopsis thaliana. Seven amino acids composing the active center of the Phaseolus vulgaris purple APase were conserved in all the homologous APases. Northern blot analysis revealed that the corresponding mRNA accumulated in both shoots and roots under phosphate deficient conditions, and that the amount of transcript in the roots was much larger than that in the shoots. These results suggest that APase encoded by LASAP1 cDNA is expressed predominantly in the roots.
• Difference in system of current photosynthesized carbon distribution to carbon and nitrogen compounds between rice and soybean

  T Nakamura, M Osaki, T Shinano, T Tadano

  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 43 (4) 777 - 788 0038-0768 1997/12 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  (CO2)-C-14 was assimilated during 10 min in leaf of rice and soybean under 21 kPa O-2 (21% O-2 treatment) and 2 kPa O-2 (2% O-2 treatment) at the vegetative growth stage and flowering stage. The C-14 distribution ratio to respired CO2 and crude chemical components (sugars, polysaccharides, amino acids, organic acids, and proteins) was determined. In this paper, since emphasis was placed on the C-14 distribution mechanism to carbon compounds and nitrogen compounds, the terms carbon metabolism pool (C-pool) composed of sugars and polysaccharides, and nitrogen metabolism pool (N-pool) composed of organic acids, amino acids and proteins were used. The results obtained were as follows. C-14 distribution ratio to N-pool at 0 min after C-14 assimilation was higher in soybean than in rice regardless of the treatments and stages, and that at 30 min after C-14 assimilation under light condition markedly decreased both in rice and soybean. Therefore, especially in soybean, a large amount of photosynthesized C-14 was once distributed to the N-pool, then C-14 compounds in the N-pool were reconstructed into the C-pool. During this reconstruction process, C-14 compounds in the N-pool were actively respired. C-14 distribution to N-pool at 0 min after C-14 assimilation changed slightly or did not change by the N treatment. C-14 distribution to N-pool in the -N treatment of soybean (13-29 mg N g(-1) content in leaves) was higher than that in the +N treatment of rice (31-48 mg N g(-1) content in leaves). Photosynthesized carbon distribution to N-pool in rice decreased with growth, while it remained constant in soybean. Accordingly, in soybean, photosynthesized carbon was predominantly distributed to the N-pool through photorespiration and/or Calvin cycle (supplying triose-P), which was less affected by nitrogen nutrient and aging. Thus, the mechanism of photosynthesized carbon distribution to carbon and nitrogen compounds was basically regulated by inherited characters of each plant more than by the nitrogen status of leaves. By the 2% 0, treatment, C-14 distribution to N-pool decreased in both crops regardless of N treatment, indicating that photorespiration plays an important role in the supply of the preliminarily photosynthesized carbon compounds to N-pool. In the 2% O-2 treatment, C-14 distribution to N-pool was higher in soybean than in rice, indicating that triose-P transported from chloroplast was preferentially distributed to N-pool in the case of soybean.
• PRODUCTIVITY OF HIGH-YIELDING CROPS .5. ROOT-GROWTH AND SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE OF NITROGEN

  M OSAKI, T SHINANO, M MATSUMOTO, J USHIKI, MM SHINANO, M URAYAMA, T TADANO

  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 41 (4) 635 - 647 0038-0768 1995/12 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  ''Standard yield variety'' and ''high-yielding variety'' of rice, winter wheat, maize, soybean, potato, beet, and sunflower were grown, and the relationship between root growth and absorption of nitrogen was studied. To estimate the role of root in nitrogen absorption, nitrogen absorption rate (Delta N, g N m(-2) d(-1)) was parameterized into root dry weight (RW, g m(-2)) and specific absorption rate of nitrogen per root dry weight (SAR(N), Delta N RW(-1)). 1) Since during the vegetative growth stage, the correlation between Delta N and crop growth rate (CGR) was high, Delta N was under the control of shoot demand for nitrogen, while during the early maturing stage, Delta N was well correlated with SAR(N) except for sunflower. Thus, Delta N at the vegetative growth stage was regulated by shoot growth (CGR), which was related to RW sometimes. Thereafter, Delta N was regulated by SAR(N) with the progression of growth 2) Based on the cluster analysis of SAR(N) or RW for Delta N, and correlation between Delta N and SAR(N) or RW, crops were classified into three groups: group (I), soybean, potato, and beet; group (II), rice, winter wheat, and maize; and group (III), sunflower. During the early maturating stage, Delta N of group (I) was regulated by mainly SAR(N), Delta N of group (II) was regulated by both SAR(N) and RW, and Delta N of group (III) was regulated mainly by RW. 3) SAR(N) remained high during the early maturation stage in the ''high-yielding variety'' of crops.
• N-15-ALLOCATION OF (NH4)-N-15-N AND (NO3)-N-15-N TO NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS AT THE VEGETATIVE GROWTH STAGE OF POTATO PLANTS

  M OSAKI, J SHIRAI, T SHINANO, T TADANO

  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 41 (4) 699 - 708 0038-0768 1995/12 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Effect of NH4+ and NO3- on N-15-allocation to organs and nitrogenous compounds in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) was examined in hydroponic culture using an automatic pH control system, and the results obtained were as follows. 1) Growth of upper leaves was stimulated by NH4+ because (NH4)-N-15-N was preferentially distributed into upper leaves compared to (NO3)-N-15-N which was mainly distributed to lower leaves. 2) At the vegetative growth stage, (NH4)-N-15-N and (NO3)-N-15-N distribution among organs was almost similar except for roots, whereas at the tuber swelling stage, (NH4)-N-15-N was distributed to stems and roots, and (NO3)-N-15-N was distributed to leaves. 3) N-15 amino acid metabolism was affected by NH4+ or NO3-, for example, in leaves grown in (NH4)-N-15-N, the contents of aspartic acid and asparagine (Asx) increased with growth, while those of glutamic acid and glutamine (Glx) decreased with growth. In leaves grown in (NO3)-N-15-N, the Asx content remained constant, but the Glx content increased with growth. In tubers, (NH4)-N-15-N was distributed to Asx at first, but (NO3)-N-15-N was distributed to Glx. Thus, the metabolism and translocation pattern of Asx and Glx were quite different depending on the nitrogen forms.
• EFFECTS OF AMMONIUM AND NITRATE ASSIMILATION ON THE GROWTH AND TUBER SWELLING OF POTATO PLANTS

  M OSAKI, J SHIRAI, T SHINANO, T TADANO

  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 41 (4) 709 - 719 0038-0768 1995/12 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Effect of NH4-N and NO3-N on plant growth and tuber smelling of potato plant (Solanum tuberosum L.) was examined, and the results obtained were as follows. 1) NH4-N stimulated tuber swelling, while NO3-N stimulated the branching of stolons and stems, and shoot growth. 2) In plants grown with NH4-N, a large amount of (NH4)-N-15-N was mainly partitioned into tubers and stems, whereas in plants grown with NO3-N, (NO3)-N-15-N was mainly partitioned into leaves, especially into the insoluble fraction. 3) Aspartic acid plus asparagine (Asx) in tubers predominated among amino acids and amides when the plants were grown with NH4-N. Also (NH4)-N-15-N was incorporated into Asx in tubers, while, (NO3)-N-15-N was presumably transported to tubers in the form of Asx, which subsequently was actively metabolized into other amino acids in tubers. Thus, as the nitrogen form of NH4+ appeared to stimulate the Asx metabolism, Asx was transported to tubers, and mainly stored in tubers. On the other hand, the nitrogen form of NO3- was mainly transported into leaves, and NO3-N promoted vegetative growth.
• COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY AMONG FIELD CROPS RELATED TO NITROGEN NUTRITION AND APPLICATION

  T SHINANO, M OSAKI, T TADANO

  PLANT NUTRITION - FROM GENETIC ENGINEERING TO FIELD PRACTICE 45 227 - 230 1993 [Refereed][Not invited]
  

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• Effect of nitrogen nutrient conditions on elemental composition and functional constituents in paprika pericarps.

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• Analysis of varietal differences in grain productivity and seed mineral content of oats

  Ishii Rei, Maruyama Hayato, Watanabe Toshihiro, Shinano Takuro, Kubo Katashi  Abstracts of Meeting of the CSSJ  254-  12  -12  2022/09/18
• What is the tastiness and safety that comes from soil?

  Goto Itsuo, Yanagihara Tetsuji, Okazaki Keiki, Manpuku Yuzo, Hachinohe Mayumi, Koyama Ryota, Toma Yo, Shinano Takuro  Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  93-  (2)  83  -88  2022/04/05
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  Tsukada Hirofumi, Takata Yusuke, Maejima Yuji, Kohyama Kazunori, Saito Takashi, Yamaguchi Noriko, Nakao Atsushi, Fujimura Shigeto, Nihei Naoto, Furukawa Jun, Shinano Takuro  Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  93-  (1)  46  -61  2022/02/05
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• 8-1-13 福島県内の農地における放射性物質に関する研究（第55 報）低カリウム条件下における各種野菜中Cs-137 移行リスク評価（8-1 環境保全 2021年度北海道大会）

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  池田 未来, 中尾 淳, 藤村 恵人, 信濃 卓郎, 矢内 純太  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  67-  90  -90  2021/09/03
• 4-1-1 ミナトカモジグサの生育および養分状態に応じたリン獲得の分子制御機構（4-1 植物の多量栄養素 2021年度北海道大会）

  永山 航平, 菅井 徹人, 佐藤 匠, 熊石 紀恵, 市橋 泰範, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 丸山 隼人  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  67-  44  -44  2021/09/03
• 4-1-3 コムギコアコレクションを用いた可塑的土壌リン獲得形質の品種間差（4-1 植物の多量栄養素 2021年度北海道大会）

  青山 奈央, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 丸山 隼人  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  67-  44  -44  2021/09/03
• シロバナルーピン根域における土壌中リン動態に与える影響の局所的評価

  菅あやね, 丸山隼人, 和崎淳, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  67-  2021
• ミナトカモジグサの生育および養分状態に応じたリン獲得の分子制御機構

  永山航平, 菅井徹人, 菅井徹人, 佐藤匠, 熊石紀恵, 市橋泰範, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎, 丸山隼人  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  67-  2021
• トマト尻腐れ発症率の品種間差と果実への無機元素蓄積の関係

  長谷川公紀, 渡邊涼太郎, 丸山隼人, 金山喜則, 信濃卓郎, 渡部敏裕  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  67-  2021
• コムギコアコレクションを用いた可塑的土壌リン獲得形質の品種間差

  青山奈央, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎, 丸山隼人  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  67-  2021
• 異なる土壌における白花ルーピンの根分泌物分布特性の可視化

  尹永根, 鈴井伸郎, 三好悠太, 海野佑介, 丸山隼人, 和崎淳, 菅あやね, 圓尾明子, 渡部敏裕, 橋本洋平, 内田翔子, 信濃卓郎, 河地有木  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  67-  2021
• 異なる圃場におけるダイズへの放射性セシウムの移行比較

  鈴木政崇, 藤本久恵, 浅枝諭史, 浅枝諭史, 丸山隼人, 久保堅司, 藤村恵人, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  67-  2021
• 異なる窒素条件下におけるパプリカ果実の元素組成と尻腐れ果発症との関係

  荒川竜太, 村島和基, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎, 丸山隼人  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  67-  2021
• 温度処理にともなう元素吸収・分配がパプリカの尻腐れ果発症に与える影響

  鳥山星呂, 荒川竜太, 村島和基, 丸山隼人, 信濃卓郎, 渡部敏裕  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  67-  2021
• 福島県内の農地における放射性物質に関する研究(第55報)低カリウム条件下における各種野菜中Cs-137移行リスク評価

  根本知明, 齋藤隆, 浅枝諭史, 信濃卓郎, 丸山隼人  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  67-  2021
• シロバナルーピンの放射性セシウム吸収特性と根圏土壌中元素動態の関係

  浅枝諭史, 浅枝諭史, 丸山隼人, 藤本久恵, 久保堅司, 藤村恵人, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  67-  2021
• コマツナの放射性セシウム吸収に及ぼす土壌化学性およびカリウム施肥の影響

  丸山隼人, 根本知明, 浅枝諭史, 齋藤隆, 八代沙絵子, 八戸真弓, 久保堅司, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  67-  2021
• 異なる窒素条件下におけるパプリカ果実の機能性成分解析

  村島和基, 荒川竜太, 丸山隼人, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  67-  2021
• 東京電力福島第一原発事故由来の放射性物質により汚染された農地の復興

  信濃 卓郎  グリーンテクノ情報  16-  (3)  2  -5  2020/12
• 残差解析の活用によるコムギ遺伝資源の放射性セシウム蓄積性の推定

  久保堅司, 小林浩幸, 新田みゆき, 竹中祥太朗, 那須田周平, 藤村恵人, 高木恭子, 永田修, 太田健, 信濃卓郎  農研機構東北農業研究センター成果情報(Web)  2020-  2020
• 残差解析の活用によるコムギ遺伝資源の放射性セシウム蓄積性の推定

  久保堅司, 小林浩幸, 新田みゆき, 竹中祥太朗, 那須田周平, 藤村恵人, 高木恭子, 永田修, 太田健, 信濃卓郎  東北農業研究成果情報(Web)  2020-  2020
• Long-term Environmental Dynamics of Radioceaesium and Future Prediction in Agriculture and Fisheries-From the Viewpoint of Agriculture and Fisheries-

  信濃卓郎, 和田敏裕  RADIOISOTOPES (Web)  69-  (1)  2020
• Analysis of nitrogen isotope ratio and nitrogen content associated with the growth of ginseng

  岡崎圭毅, 久保堅司, 秋葉秀一郎, 小林大輔, 三潴忠道, 信濃卓郎, 常田岳志, 常田岳志, 中島泰弘, 中島泰弘, 田中福代, 大脇良成  園芸学研究 別冊  19-  (1)  2020
• コムギコアコレクションを用いた根圏リンの形態別評価とリン獲得形質との関係

  青山奈央, 森田洸介, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎, 丸山隼人  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  66-  2020
• アルミニウム集積植物Melastoma marabathricumにおけるMATE遺伝子の機能解析

  坂口文香, 吉井健祐, 丸山隼人, 佐々木孝行, 西田翔, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 渡部敏裕  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  66-  2020
• ナトリウムによるテンサイの生育促進と光環境の関係

  小濱諒太, 合田健登, 合田健登, 丸山隼人, 菅井徹人, 信濃卓郎, 渡部敏裕  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  66-  2020
• 火山性強酸性土壌に生育するツクシテンツキのイオノミクス解析

  藤原久貴, 丸山隼人, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 渡部敏裕  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  66-  2020
• 畑作物を継続栽培している圃場における土壌の交換性カリ含量と放射性セシウムの移行性の推移

  久保堅司, 藤村恵人, YI Amelia Lee Zhi, YI Amelia Lee Zhi, 永田修, 太田健, 太田健, 信濃卓郎, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  66-  2020
• 白花ルーピンのK欠乏下における根圏土壌中K及びCsの形態変化

  藤本久恵, 高雄惇英, 丸山隼人, 俵谷圭太郎, 信濃卓郎, 渡部敏裕  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  66-  2020
• 土壌窒素バランスに対する小麦の葉位別イオノーム解析と光合成機能の関連

  菅井徹人, 丸山隼人, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  66-  2020
• 圃場内における交換性カリ含量のばらつきの補正によるコムギの放射性セシウム蓄積性の品種間差異の解析

  久保堅司, 小林浩幸, 小林浩幸, 新田みゆき, 竹中祥太朗, 竹中祥太朗, 那須田周平, 藤村恵人, 高木恭子, 永田修, 太田健, 太田健, 信濃卓郎, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  66-  2020
• ナトリウムによるテンサイの生育促進機構に関する研究

  小濱諒太, 合田健登, 合田健登, 丸山隼人, 菅井徹人, 信濃卓郎, 渡部敏裕  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  66-  2020
• ハーブの養分欠乏ストレスと機能性成分とのかかわり

  伊東和輝, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎, 丸山隼人  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  66-  2020
• 土壌リン・窒素制限下におけるダイズの生育とリン獲得経路の経時的評価

  浅尾真結子, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎, 丸山隼人  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  66-  2020
• Long-term Environmental Dynamics of Radioceaesium and Future Prediction in Agriculture and Fisheries—From the Viewpoint of Agriculture and Fisheries—

  Shinano Takuro, Wada Toshihiro  RADIOISOTOPES  69-  (1)  31  -42  2020  

  Eight years have passed since the radioactive caesium contamination of farmland, inland waters, and coastal waters mainly in Fukushima Prefecture, which originates from the TEPCO's Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident. We summarized the past activities and the current situation, and countermeasures to be considered in the future. From agricultural viewpoint, long-term appropriate management of soil potassium is required as a countermeasure to control transfer of radioactive caesium from soil to plant. From fisheries viewpoint, mid-to long-term support and intervention for restoration and revitalization of marine and freshwater fisheries will be necessary because both fisheries have more or less suffered from various problems derived from radioactive caesium contamination of fishery products.

• Evaluations of productivity and risk on radioactive cesium from soil to soybean in a field after decontamination

  Kubo Katashi, Saito Takashi, Sanbonsuge Takeshi, Fujimoto Ryusuke, Shinano Takuro, Nagata Osamu  Abstracts of Meeting of the CSSJ  249-  145  -145  2020
• Risk assessment for radiocesium concentration in brown rice cultivated in paddy field

  Fujimura Shigeto, Ishikawa Junko, Niitsuma Kazutoshi, Wakabayashi Shokichi, Shinano Takuro  Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  91-  (4)  237  -244  2020
• 8-1-2 圃場内における交換性カリ含量のばらつきの補正によるコムギの放射性セシウム蓄積性の品種間差異の解析（8-1 環境保全 2020年度岡山大会）

  久保 堅司, 信濃 卓郎, 小林 浩幸, 新田 みゆき, 竹中 祥太朗, 那須田 周平, 藤村 恵人, 髙木 恭子, 永田 修, 太田 健  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  66-  120  -120  2020
• 12 畑作物を継続栽培している圃場における土壌の交換性カリ含量と放射性セシウムの移行性の推移（東北支部講演会，2019年度各支部会）

  久保 堅司, 藤村 恵人, Lee Zhi Yi Amelia, 永田 修, 太田 健, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  66-  208  -208  2020
• 14 土壌窒素バランスに対する小麦の葉位別イオノーム解析と光合成機能の関連（北海道支部講演会，2019年度各支部会）

  菅井 徹人, 丸山 隼人, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  66-  197  -197  2020
• 13 白花ルーピンのK 欠乏下における根圏土壌中K 及びCs の形態変化（北海道支部講演会，2019年度各支部会）

  藤本 久恵, 高雄 惇英, 丸山 隼人, 俵谷 圭太郎, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  66-  197  -197  2020
• 17 ハーブの養分欠乏ストレスと機能性成分とのかかわり（北海道支部講演会，2019年度各支部会）

  伊東 和輝, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 丸山 隼人  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  66-  198  -198  2020
• 18 ナトリウムによるテンサイの生育促進機構に関する研究（北海道支部講演会，2019年度各支部会）

  小濱 諒太, 合田 健登, 丸山 隼人, 菅井 徹人, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  66-  198  -198  2020
• 4-1-24 コムギコアコレクションを用いた根圏リンの形態別評価とリン獲得形質との関係（4-1 植物の多量栄養素 2020年度岡山大会）

  青山 奈央, 森田 洸介, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 丸山 隼人  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  66-  44  -44  2020
• 4-3-22 ナトリウムによるテンサイの生育促進と光環境の関係（4-3 植物の有害元素 2020年度岡山大会）

  小濱 諒太, 合田 健登, 丸山 隼人, 菅井 徹人, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  66-  68  -68  2020
• 4-3-14 火山性強酸性土壌に生育するツクシテンツキのイオノミクス解析（4-3 植物の有害元素 2020年度岡山大会）

  藤原 久貴, 丸山 隼人, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  66-  65  -65  2020
• 4-3-10 アルミニウム集積植物 Melastoma marabathricum におけるMATE 遺伝子の機能解析（4-3 植物の有害元素 2020年度岡山大会）

  坂口 文香, 吉井 健祐, 丸山 隼人, 佐々木 孝行, 西田 翔, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  66-  64  -64  2020
• ICP-MSによる⁹⁰Sr迅速測定法の農業分野への適用 カスケード型ICP-MS法の農作物への適用性の検証

  松波寿弥, 高木恭子, 信濃卓郎, 古川真  農林水産省関係放射能調査研究年報  2017-  2019
• ICP-MSによる⁹⁰Sr迅速測定法の農業分野への適用 装置メソッドの改良

  古川真, 信濃卓郎, 松波寿弥, 高木恭子  農林水産省関係放射能調査研究年報  2017-  2019
• カリ無施用連年栽培による玄米放射性セシウム濃度の上昇

  藤村恵人, 太田健, 信濃卓郎  日本作物学会講演会要旨集  247th-  2019
• 放射性セシウムの玄米への移行を水田土壌の交換性カリ含量から推定

  藤村恵人, 山村光司, 太田健, 石川哲也, 齋藤隆, 荒井義光, 信濃卓郎  東北農業研究センター研究成果ダイジェスト(Web)  2018-  2019
• 除染農地においてそばで営農再開するためのカリおよび窒素肥料の増施

  久保堅司, 小林浩幸, 藤本竜輔, 太田健, 信濃卓郎  東北農業研究センター研究成果ダイジェスト(Web)  2018-  2019
• 東日本における河川水中の溶存態¹³⁷Cs濃度の形成要因

  辻英樹, 石井弓美子, 林誠二, 申文浩, 谷口圭輔, 新井宏受, 栗原モモ, 保高徹生, 倉元隆之, 中西貴宏, 李相潤, 信濃卓郎, 恩田裕一  日本陸水学会大会講演要旨集  84th-  2019
• Distributions of ¹³⁷Cs and K in paddy fields among the mountainous area of Fukushima Pref. implementing countermeasures for inhibition of uptake ¹³⁷Cs by rice plants

  松岡宏明, 片桐優亮, 鈴木芳成, 江口定夫, 井倉将人, 山田大吾, 永田修, 吉川省子, 信濃卓郎  KEK Proceedings (Web)  (2019-2)  2019
• C-11ライブイメージングにより示された光合成産物の根からの分泌に対する根圏土壌の生化学的応答

  海野佑介, 尹永根, 鈴井伸郎, 石井里美, 栗田圭輔, 栗田圭輔, 三好悠太, 三好悠太, 河地有木, 信濃卓郎  根の研究  28-  (4)  2019
• 白花ルーピンのカリウム欠乏下における不可給態カリウム及びセシウムの可給化機構

  藤本久恵, 高雄惇英, 丸山隼人, 俵谷圭太郎, 信濃卓郎, 渡部敏裕  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  65-  2019
• 養分欠乏がダイズ種子に与える影響の品種間比較

  浅尾真結子, 丸山隼人, 信濃卓郎, 渡部敏裕  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  65-  2019
• 日本のコムギコアコレクションにおける土壌中難利用性リン可給化能の品種間比較

  青山奈央, 森田洸介, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎, 丸山隼人  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  65-  2019
• 福島県内の農地における放射性物質に関する研究(第46報)-中山間地域における除染後水田での均平対策後の牛ふん堆肥による地力回復効果-

  松岡宏明, 齋藤正明, 鈴木芳成, 荒井義光, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  65-  2019
• 除染後圃場での堆肥施用がダイズ生育と放射性セシウムの移行に及ぼす影響

  久保堅司, 木田義信, 平山孝, 山田大吾, 永田修, 太田健, 太田健, 信濃卓郎, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web)  65-  2019
• オンライン固相抽出ICP-MSを用いた生鮮食品中の放射性ストロンチウム90分析法の開発

  古川真, 古川真, 古川真, 高木恭子, 松波寿弥, 小松崎優子, 川上智彦, 信濃卓郎, 信濃卓郎, 高貝慶隆  日本分析化学会年会講演要旨集(Web)  68th-  2019
• イネのカリウム輸送体HKT2;1の欠損がセシウム吸収・輸送へ与える影響

  菅野里美, 菅野里美, 藤村恵人, 信濃卓郎, 古川純, LEONHARDT Nathalie  アイソトープ・放射線研究発表会要旨集  56th-  2019
• 野生動物肉の放射性Csの低減効果は調理方法によって異なる

  八戸真弓, 藤本竜輔, 信濃卓郎, 濱松潮香  農研機構食品研究部門成果情報(Web)  2019-  2019
• P4-1-16 養分欠乏がダイズ種子に与える影響の品種間比較（4-1 植物の多量栄養素，2019年静岡大会）

  浅尾 真結子, 丸山 隼人, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  65-  (0)  53  -53  2019  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P4-1-7 日本のコムギコアコレクションにおける土壌中難利用性リン可給化能の品種間比較（4-1 植物の多量栄養素，2019年静岡大会）

  青山 奈央, 森田 洸介, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 丸山 隼人  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  65-  (0)  50  -50  2019  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P4-1-9 白花ルーピンのカリウム欠乏下における不可給態カリウム及びセシウムの可給化機構（4-1 植物の多量栄養素，2019年静岡大会）

  藤本 久恵, 高雄 惇英, 丸山 隼人, 俵谷 圭太郎, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  65-  (0)  50  -50  2019  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Relationship between soil physical property and growth of ginseng and the improvement of soil physical property by the amendment application

  Kubo Katashi, Okazaki Keiki, Nagata Osamu, Shinano Takuro, Eguchi Tetsuya, Akiba Shuichiro, Kobayashi Daisuke, Mitsuma Tadamichi, Watanabe Hitoshi, Hoshi Kaori, Noda Masahiro, Igarashi Yuji  Abstracts of Meeting of the CSSJ  248-  (0)  88  -88  2019  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• カリウムで放射性物質移行抑制 農地ごとに適切な濃度管理を

  信濃 卓郎  グリーンパワー  2018/12  [Not refereed][Invited]
  
• 作物生産向上のための根圏環境制御に関する植物栄養学的研究

  信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学雑誌  89-  (5)  353  -356  2018/10  [Refereed][Invited]
  
• 基肥時のカリ増施によりそばの放射性セシウム吸収・子実への分配は抑制される

  久保堅司, 藤村恵人, 小林浩幸, 太田健, 信濃卓郎  農村工学研究部門成果情報  2017-  53‐54  2018/06/30  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 作物生産向上のための根圏環境制御に関する植物栄養学的研究

  信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  64-  2018
• 水稲の登熟期におけるセシウムの体内分配動態とカリ施肥の影響

  石川淳子, 藤村恵人, 近藤始彦, 羽田野麻理, 後藤明俊, 信濃卓郎  農研機構次世代作物開発研究センター成果情報(Web)  2018-  2018
• 環境中の放射性物質動態の農業への影響

  信濃卓郎  アイソトープ・放射線研究発表会要旨集  55th-  2018
• 根圏ライブイメージングにより示された光合成産物の動態に対する土壌微生物群集の応答

  海野佑介, 尹永根, 鈴井伸郎, 石井里美, 栗田圭輔, 三好悠太, 三好悠太, 河地有木, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  64-  2018
• 福島県内の農地における放射性物質に関する研究(第43報)-除染後水田での生育ムラ対策と牛ふん堆肥による地力回復効果-

  松岡宏明, 斎藤正明, 鈴木芳成, 荒井義光, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  64-  2018
• 土壌中の交換性放射性セシウム濃度の経時的変化と非交換性カリ含量との関係

  久保堅司, 太田健, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  64-  2018
• 大豆体内における放射性セシウムとカリウムの動態

  本島彩香, 本島彩香, 松波寿弥, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  64-  2018
• 原発事故影響地域での営農促進に向けた玄米の放射性セシウム濃度評価手法の検討

  藤村恵人, 石川淳子, 新妻和敏, 太田健, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  64-  2018
• 基肥時のカリ増施によりそばの放射性セシウム吸収・子実への分配は抑制される

  久保堅司, 藤村恵人, 小林浩幸, 太田健, 信濃卓郎  東北農業研究センター研究成果ダイジェスト(Web)  2017-  2018
• 東電福島第一原発事故による避難指示解除区域における今後の課題

  藤村恵人, 久保堅司, 太田健, 信濃卓郎  日本作物学会講演会要旨集  246th-  2018
• Sustained soil exchangeable potassium content by the application of mica and its effect to decrease radioactive cesium in buckwheat

  Kubo Katashi, Kobayashi Hiroyuki, Takagi Kyoko, Matsunami Hisaya, Eguchi Tetsuya, Ota Takeshi, Shinano Takuro  Abstracts of Meeting of the CSSJ  245-  (0)  2018  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• シロイヌナズナ低リン耐性の自然系統間比較解析

  古川雄也, 古谷あゆ美, 丸山隼人, 丸山隼人, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳  日本植物生理学会年会(Web)  59th-  ROMBUNNO.P.276  2018  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• カドミウム処理がシロイヌナズナの硫黄動態に及ぼす影響

  山口千仁, 瀧本裕希, 大津直子, 保倉明子, 信濃卓郎, 中村俊貴, 陶山明子, 丸山明子  九州農業試験研究機関協議会研究発表会発表要旨集(Web)  64-  (0)  296  -296  2018  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ¹¹CO₂とポジトロンイメージング技術による根分泌物の分布及び分泌活性の評価とその根圏細群集構造に与える影響

  海野佑介, YIN Yong‐Gen, 鈴井伸郎, 石井里美, 栗田圭輔, 河地有木, 信濃卓郎  植物微生物研究会研究交流会講演要旨集  27th-  39 (JA),40 (EN)  2017/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 根圏土壌における根の分泌物及び分泌活性のポジトロンイメージング技術による可視化

  尹永根, 鈴井伸郎, 石井里美, 栗田圭輔, 海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, 河地有木  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  63-  (0)  33  -33  2017/09/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 植物根から供給される光合成産物量の違いが根圏微生物群集構造に与える影響の評価

  海野佑介, 尹永根, 鈴井伸郎, 石井里美, 栗田圭輔, 河地有木, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  63-  (0)  36  -36  2017/09/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Change and issues of agricultural environment, products and economies after 5 years from the FDNPS accident

  塚田 祥文, 信濃 卓郎, 佐藤 守, 江口 定夫, 山口 紀子, 金子 真司, 小山 良太  日本土壌肥料学雑誌 = Japanese journal of soil science and plant nutrition  88-  (4)  352  -360  2017/08
• Comparison of Concentration Methods for Low-level Radiocesium in Fresh Water

  Tetsuo Yasutaka, Moono Shin, Yuichi Onda, Takuro Shinano, Seiji Hayashi, Hirofumi Tsukada, Tatsuo Aono, Kazuki Iijima, Sadao Eguchi, Koichi Ohno, Yukihiro Yoshida, Hiroshi Kamihigashi, Kiyoshi Kitamura, Tomijiro Kubota, Norio Nogawa, Natsuki Yoshikawa, Hiroaki Yamaguchi, Keisuke Sueki, Hideki Tsuji, Susumu Miyazu, Yukiko Okada, Momo Kurihara, Sandor Tarjan, Hisaya Matsunami, Shigeo Uchida  BUNSEKI KAGAKU  66-  (4)  299  -307  2017/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  A large amount of radiocesium was released from the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant of Tokyo Electric Power Company. The determination of dissolved and particulate radiocesium concentrations in water is important, which can be used as basic information for understanding the long-term radiocesium dynamics in the environment and the transfer of radiocesium to crops. Conventional quantitative methods include the evaporative concentration to the dryness method and the AMP method. These methods need to concentrate about 20-200 L of water due to the low concentration of the dissolved radiocesium. After the accident, several new methods, such as the Prussian blue filter cartridge method and the solid-phase disk method, have been developed and put to practical use. In this study, we carried out an accuracy evaluation test to assess five methods (i.e., the evaporative concentration to dryness method, the AMP method, the Prussian blue filter cartridge method, the solid-phase disk method, and the ion-change resin method) using 3 types of water samples containing 0.01-1.0 Bq L-1 of dissolved radiocesium. Our results showed that the z-scores of over 80 % of the measured data were within +/- 2 and their CVs in the range of 8-13 %, indicating good reproducibility of these methods.
• 農地等の放射性物質の除去・低減技術の開発―水稲における放射性物質移行低減対策技術の開発―第1編 水稲における放射性セシウム移行要因の解明および移行低減対策技術の開発 第1章 土地利用型作物における放射性セシウムの移行係数の解析と吸収抑制技術の開発 1 水稲における放射性セシウムの移行要因の解析と吸収抑制技術の開発

  太田健, 石川哲也, 藤村恵人, 江口哲也, 松波寿弥, 信濃卓郎  農林水産省農林水産技術会議事務局研究成果  (564)  9‐14  2017/03/31  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 汚染土壌の熱処理生成物の農業資材としての再利用

  藤村恵人, 本間健一, 信濃卓郎  日本作物学会講演会要旨集  243rd-  79  2017/03/29  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 緩効性窒素肥料の深層施肥による大豆の放射性セシウム吸収抑制の検討

  本島彩香, 原田直樹, 太田健, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  63-  2017
• 金雲母資材施用による水稲への放射性セシウム移行低減作用の持続性

  江口哲也, 太田健, 石川哲也, 藤村恵人, 松波寿弥, 若林正吉, 小笠原翔, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  63-  2017
• 物理的除染後圃場における放射性セシウムの土壌中の動態と畑作物への移行に影響する要因の解析

  久保堅司, 平山孝, 太田健, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  63-  2017
• 福島県内の農地における放射性物質に関する研究(第39報)-除染後農地における水稲生育ムラの要因解明-

  齋藤正明, 松岡宏明, 荒井義光, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  63-  2017
• カリ施用量による玄米への放射性セシウム分配率の変化

  藤村恵人, 石川淳子, 太田健, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  63-  2017
• RIイメージング技術による光合成産物の根への転流及び根圏への放出の可視化

  尹永根, 鈴井伸郎, 石井里美, 栗田圭輔, 信濃卓郎, 河地有木  日本生物環境工学会大会講演要旨  2017-  2017
• 粘土鉱物組成が放射性セシウム汚染土壌へのカリ施用の有効性におよぼす影響

  江口哲也, 若林正吉, 山田大吾, 平山孝, 濱本昌一郎, 二瓶直登, 久保堅司, 太田健, 信濃卓郎  農業農村工学会大会講演会講演要旨集(CD-ROM)  2017-  2017
• 土壌の物理性がオタネニンジンの生育に及ぼす影響

  久保堅司, 江口哲也, 小林大輔, 秋葉秀一郎, 三潴忠道, 渡辺均, 岡崎圭毅, 松波寿弥, 清水琢, 星佳織, 永山宏一, 信濃卓郎  根の研究  26-  (4)  2017
• セシウム低吸収水稲のCs/K吸収特性と現地試験結果

  頼泰樹, 横山咲, 佐藤奈美子, 古川純, 能美多希子, 伊藤那香, 森田祥司, 藤村恵人, 後藤明俊, 信濃卓郎, 永澤信洋, 我彦廣悦, 中村進一, 服部浩之  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  63-  2017
• Effect of soil exchangeable potassium content to the translocation of radioactive cesium and its varietal difference in wheat

  Kubo Katashi, Nihei Naoto, Takagi Kyoko, Takahashi Yoshihiko, Saito Tomoko, Watanabe Yukari, Yoshda Yurie, Mimori Michie, Matsunami Hisaya, Minamiyama Yasuhiro, Kobayashi Hiroyuki, Ota Takeshi, Shinano Takuro  Abstracts of Meeting of the CSSJ  244-  (0)  2017  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ダイズ根が根圏土壌へ分泌した有機物の可視化と定量解析(3)水耕培地への分泌物のリアルタイムイメージング

  尹永根, 鈴井伸郎, 石井里美, 栗田圭輔, 信濃卓郎, 河地有木  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  62-  111  -111  2016/09/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 5年間における放射能対策の概要と成果―農地の復興をめざして―

  信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  62-  221  -221  2016/09/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 低リン条件で生育の異なるシロイヌナズナ自然系統の根部トランスクリプトーム解析

  古谷あゆ美, 丸山隼人, 丸山隼人, 佐々木孝行, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  62-  56  -56  2016/09/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 有機物に収着した放射性セシウムの牧草への移行性に対する土壌微生物の影響

  海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, 武田晃  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  62-  40  -40  2016/09/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 水田において土壌交換性カリ含量を維持するためのカリ施用法について

  藤村恵人, 太田健, 信濃卓郎, 齋藤隆, 佐久間祐樹, 服部実, 西田瑞彦, 石川淳子  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  62-  148  2016/09/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 交換性カリ含量が高まらない土壌の特性とカリの動態

  久保堅司, 平山孝, 竹内恵, 藤村恵人, 江口哲也, 二瓶直登, 濱本昌一郎, 齋藤隆, 太田健, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  62-  148  -148  2016/09/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 福島県内の農地における放射性物質に関する研究(第34報)―除染後農地土壌の放射性セシウム濃度および土壌化学性とその改良方法―

  齋藤正明, 荒井義光, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  62-  156  -156  2016/09/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• フッ素含量が金雲母・黒雲母の層間カリ可給性におよぼす影響

  江口哲也, 太田健, 石川哲也, 石川哲也, 藤村恵人, 松波寿弥, 高橋義彦, 後藤明俊, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  62-  18  -18  2016/09/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• The Outline of Cs Removal Technology by Dry Process and the Report of Entrusted Business of Verification Survey of the Technology that Removes Cs from Contaminated Wastes to Civil Work Materials at Temporary Plant in the Warabidaira Region in litate Villa

  本間健一, 高野博幸, 小林航, 佐々木忠志, 高橋祐司, 信濃卓郎, 八田珠郎, 万福裕造, 碓井次郎  環境放射能除染学会誌  4-  (2)  165‐172  2016/06/29  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 環境水中の溶存態放射性セシウム分析における前処理方法の検討―蒸発濃縮法,固相ディスク抽出法,PBカートリッジ法―

  SHIN Moono, 保高徹生, 松波寿弥, 高橋義彦, 信濃卓郎  アイソトープ・放射線研究発表会要旨集  53rd-  33  2016/06/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• The Outline of Cs Removal Technology by Dry Process and the Report of Entrusted Business of Verification Survey of the Technology that Removes Cs from Contaminated Wastes to Civil Work Materials at Temporary Plant in the Warabidaira Region in litate Villa

  本間 健一, 高野 博幸, 小林 航, 佐々木 忠志, 高橋 祐司, 信濃 卓郎, 八田 珠郎, 万福 裕造, 碓井 次郎  環境放射能除染学会誌 = Journal of the Society for Remediation of Radioactive Contamination in the Environment  4-  (2)  165  -172  2016/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 農地等の放射性物質の除去・低減技術の開発―大豆,そば等における放射性物質移行低減対策技術の開発及び植物における放射性セシウム吸収メカニズムの解明―第2編 そば等における放射性セシウム移行要因の解明および移行低減対策技術の開発 第3章 高吸収植物による生物学的除染技術の開発とセシウム吸収メカニズムの解明 1 放射性元素の高・低吸収植物種・品種・系統の探索とメカニズム解明

  信濃卓郎, 信濃卓郎  農林水産省農林水産技術会議事務局研究成果  (552)  59‐65  2016/03/31  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 農地等の放射性物質の除去・低減技術の開発―大豆,そば等における放射性物質移行低減対策技術の開発及び植物における放射性セシウム吸収メカニズムの解明―第2編 そば等における放射性セシウム移行要因の解明および移行低減対策技術の開発 第3章 高吸収植物による生物学的除染技術の開発とセシウム吸収メカニズムの解明 3 根系による放射性セシウム吸収メカニズムの解明

  村上敏文, 信濃卓郎, 信濃卓郎, 内田智子, 鈴木雅博  農林水産省農林水産技術会議事務局研究成果  (552)  71‐77  2016/03/31  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 放射性セシウムの物理的除染を行った福島県伊達郡川俣町山木屋地区におけるそばによる営農再開の試み

  久保堅司, 小林浩幸, 村上源吉, 八戸真弓, 高橋義彦, 濱松潮香, 太田健, 信濃卓郎  日本作物学会講演会要旨集  241st-  104  2016/03/28  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 土壌から玄そばへの放射性セシウムの移行性の年次変化と移行に及ぼす要因の解析を基にしたカリによる吸収抑制対策の緩和に関する考察

  久保堅司, 平山孝, 栗山泰, 小林浩幸, 太田健, 信濃卓郎  日本作物学会講演会要旨集  241st-  103  2016/03/28  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 塩化カリ多量施用によるポット栽培水稲の生育抑制

  藤村恵人, 鈴木安和, 石川淳子, 石川哲也, 太田健, 信濃卓郎  日本作物学会講演会要旨集  241st-  101  2016/03/28  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 倒伏による玄そばへの放射性セシウムの混入と収穫後の調製による低減対策

  久保堅司, 小林浩幸, 根本和俊, 平山孝, 松波寿弥, 市橋康弘, 市橋康弘, 太田健, 慶徳庄司, 信濃卓郎  東北農業研究センター研究成果ダイジェスト(Web)  2015-  2016
• フィンランドSiilinjaervi産金雲母施用は玄米への放射性セシウム移行を低減する

  江口哲也, 太田健, 石川哲也, 松波寿弥, 久保堅司, 信濃卓郎  東北農業研究センター研究成果ダイジェスト(Web)  2015-  2016
• Comparison in translocation of radioactive cesium between wheat and buckwheat investigated in a field affected by radioactive cesium dispersal in Fukushima, Japan

  Kubo Katashi, Takahashi Yoshihiko, Ota Takeshi, Shinano Takuro, Kobayashi Hiroyuki, Takeuchi Megumi, Hirayama Takashi, Fujimura Shigeto, Ishikawa Tetsuya, Hachinohe Mayumi, Hamamatsu Shioka, Matsunami Hisaya  Abstracts of Meeting of the CSSJ  242-  (0)  83  -83  2016  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Analyses on the factors related to radioactive cesium translocation in soybean seedlings

  Kubo Katashi, Konno Toru, Sato Mutsuto, Ota Takeshi, Shinano Takuro, Hirayama Takashi, Keitoku Shoji, Kihou Nobuharu, Hachinohe Mayumi, Hamamatsu Shioka, Eguchi Tetsuya, Matsunami Hisaya, Takahashi Yoshihiko  Abstracts of Meeting of the CSSJ  243-  (0)  167  -167  2016  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Inhibitory effect of large amount of potassium chloride application on rice growth in pot experiment

  Fujimura Shigeto, Suzuki Yasukazu, Ishikawa Junko, Ishikawa Tetsuya, Ota Takeshi, Shinano Takuro  Abstracts of Meeting of the CSSJ  241-  (0)  2016  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Partial re-launching of agriculture with buckwheat cultivation in the fields conducted a physical decontamination of radioactive cesium in Yamakiya-district, Kawamata-town, Fukushima-prefecture

  Kubo Katashi, Kobayashi Hiroyuki, Murakami Genkichi, Hachinohe Mayumi, Takahashi Yoshihiko, Hamamatsu Shioka, Ota Takeshi, Shinano Takuro  Abstracts of Meeting of the CSSJ  241-  (0)  2016  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Discussion on the possibility in contraction of potassium application rate for the reduction of radioactive cesium (RCs) in buckwheat based on the analyses on annual changes of soil-to-buckwheat RCs transfer and factors affecting to RCs transfer

  Kubo Katashi, Hirayama Takashi, Kuriyama Yasushi, Kobayashi Hiroyuki, Ota Takeshi, Shinano Takuro  Abstracts of Meeting of the CSSJ  241-  (0)  2016  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Analysis of factors causing high radiocesium concentrations in brown rice grown in Minamisoma city

  Takashi Saito, Kazuhira Takahashi, Toshifumi Murakami, Takuro Shinano  Radiological Issues for Fukushima's Revitalized Future  189  -198  2016/01/01  [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Despite a concentration of exchangeable K of > 208 mg kg−1 dry weight in soil, the brown rice grown in Minamisoma City in 2013 had a higher concentration of radiocesium than the new Japanese standard (100 Bq kg−1) for food. To analyze the factors affecting the radiocesium concentration in brown rice, we carried out pot tests using paddy soil and irrigation water collected in Minamisoma City. Rice seedlings were planted in 5-L pots containing Minamisoma soil, in which the exchangeable K was 125 mg kg−1 dry weight, and were irrigated with tap water or irrigation water collected in Minamisoma City. There was no difference in the Cs-137 concentration in brown rice between the two types of irrigation. Then we grew rice in the Minamisoma soil and two soils collected in Nakadori, Fukushima Prefecture. Cs-137 uptake in the Minamisoma soil was intermediate between the uptake rates in the Nakadori soils, showing that the Minamisoma soil was not special in radiocesium uptake. Finally, we grew rice in soil without radiocesium near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2014. Although the maximum value of Cs-137 in brown rice was 18 Bq kg−1, below the standard, radiocesium was attached to the surface of the foliage.
• 北陸193号とコシヒカリの放射性セシウム吸収の比較

  藤村恵人, 石川哲也, 松波寿弥, 高橋義彦, 太田健, 信濃卓郎  日本作物学会東北支部会報  (58)  37  -38  2015/12/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Difference in ^<137>Cs Accumulation between Hokuriku 193 and Koshihikari

  FUJIMURA Shigeto, ISHIKAWA Tetsuya, MATSUNAMI Hisaya, TAKAHASHI Yoshihiko, OTA Takeshi, SHINANO Takuro  Tohoku Journal of Crop Science  (58)  37  -38  2015/12/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• フィンランド産金雲母施用による水稲への放射性セシウム移行低減

  江口哲也, 太田健, 石川哲也, 藤村恵人, 松波寿弥, 高橋義彦, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  61-  165  2015/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ダイズ根が根圏土壌へ分泌した有機物の可視化と定量解析(2)―異なる培地条件における分泌物の分布の比較―

  尹永根, 鈴井伸郎, 河地有木, 石井里美, 栗田圭輔, 中村卓司, 信濃卓郎, 藤巻秀  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  61-  (61)  119  -119  2015/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 土壌に蓄積する有機態リンの主要な形態である難溶性フィチン酸塩の放射性セシウムイオン吸着特性

  海野佑介, 高雄惇英, 江口哲也, 武田晃, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  61-  160  2015/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 水稲北陸193号における¹³⁷Cs集積量の推移

  藤村恵人, 石川哲也, 太田健, 江口哲也, 松波寿弥, 高橋義彦, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  61-  152  2015/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P8-1-1 フィンランド産金雲母施用による水稲への放射性セシウム移行低減(ポスター,8-1 環境保全,2015年度京都大会)

  江口 哲也, 太田 健, 石川 哲也, 藤村 恵人, 松波 寿弥, 高橋 義彦, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (61)  165  -165  2015/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 8-1-25 土壌に蓄積する有機態リンの主要な形態である難溶性フィチン酸塩の放射性セシウムイオン吸着特性(8-1 環境保全,2015年度京都大会)

  海野 佑介, 高雄 惇英, 江口 哲也, 武田 晃, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  61-  (61)  2015/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 8-1-1 水稲北陸193号における^<137>Cs集積量の推移(8-1 環境保全,2015年度京都大会)

  藤村 恵人, 石川 哲也, 太田 健, 江口 哲也, 松波 寿弥, 高橋 義彦, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (61)  152  -152  2015/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-2-17 ダイズ根が根圏土壌へ分泌した有機物の可視化と定量解析(2) : 異なる培地条件における分泌物の分布の比較(6-2 畑地土壌肥沃度,2015年度京都大会)

  尹 永根, 鈴井 伸郎, 河地 有木, 石井 里美, 栗田 圭輔, 中村 卓司, 信濃 卓郎, 藤巻 秀  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (61)  119  -119  2015/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 農業現場における放射性セシウムと粘土の関係

  信濃卓郎, 江口哲也, 太田健  粘土科学討論会講演要旨集  59th-  124  -125  2015/09/02  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 東京電力福島第一原発事故による農林地および農産物の放射能汚染の現状と対策 農産物への放射性セシウムの移行抑制対策

  信濃卓郎  JATAFFジャーナル  3-  (9)  24  -29  2015/09/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Countermeasure to mitigate radioactive cesium uptake from farmland to crops

  信濃 卓郎  JATAFFジャーナル = JATAFF journal : 農林水産技術  3-  (9)  24  -29  2015/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• そばにおけるカリウムとセシウムの動態と土壌の交換性カリ含量との関係

  久保堅司, 江口哲也, 松波寿弥, 藤村恵人, 小林浩幸, 小林浩幸, 太田健, 信濃卓郎  日本作物学会講演会要旨集  240th-  128  2015/08/29  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• そばにおける土壌の交換性カリ含量と放射性セシウムの吸収との関係

  藤村恵人, 久保堅司, 江口哲也, 松波寿弥, 小林浩幸, 小林浩幸, 太田健, 信濃卓郎  日本作物学会講演会要旨集  240th-  127  2015/08/29  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• The Panel Discussion : How Science Communicators Can Contribute to Regeneration of Fukushima

  早岡 英介, 久保田 直, 信濃 卓郎, 本田 紀生  科学技術コミュニケーション  (17)  99  -112  2015/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Effort for Reconstruction of Agriculture as a Researcher

  信濃 卓郎  科学技術コミュニケーション  (17)  85  -91  2015/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ポジトロンイメージング(PETIS)によるダイズ根圏分泌物の定量的解析

  YIN Yong‐Gen, 鈴井伸郎, 河地有木, 石井里美, 中村卓司, 信濃卓郎, 藤巻秀  アイソトープ・放射線研究発表会要旨集  52nd-  90  2015/06/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• そばへの放射性セシウムの移行を低減するための解析および対策

  久保堅司, 根本和俊, 小林浩幸, 栗山泰, 原田浩秀, 松波寿弥, 江口哲也, 木方展治, 太田健, 慶徳庄司, 木村武, 信濃卓郎  日本作物学会講演会要旨集  239th-  (0)  170  -170  2015/03/27  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Determination of Radiocaesium in Agriculture-related Water Samples Containing Suspended Solids Using Gelling Method

  松波寿弥, 申文浩, 高橋義彦, 北島枝織, 土屋貴史, 信濃卓郎  Radioisotopes  64-  (11)  681-686 (J-STAGE)  2015  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 農業用水中の溶存態放射性セシウムの分析における前処理方法の検討

  SHIN Moono, 保高徹生, 松波寿弥, 高橋義彦, 久保田富次郎, 信濃卓郎  農業農村工学会大会講演会講演要旨集(CD-ROM)  2015-  ROMBUNNO.5-37  2015  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• カドミウム処理による植物体内の硫黄分配の変化

  山口千仁, 陶山明子, 瀧本裕希, 大津直子, 信濃卓郎, 保倉明子, 丸山明子, 丸山明子  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  61-  (0)  55  -55  2015  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Effect of exchangeable potassium content on radiocesium accumulation in buckwheat

  Fujimura Shigeto, Kubo Katashi, Eguchi Tetsuya, Matsunami Hisaya, Kobayashi Hiroyuki, Ota Takeshi, Shinano Takuro  Abstracts of Meeting of the CSSJ  240-  (0)  127  -127  2015  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Effects of Soil Exchangeable Potassium Content to the Fate of Potassium and Cesium in Buckwheat

  Kubo Katashi, Eguchi Tetsuya, Matsunami Hisaya, Fujimura Shigeto, Kobayashi Hiroyuki, Ota Takeshi, Shinano Takuro  Abstracts of Meeting of the CSSJ  240-  (0)  128  -128  2015  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Analyses and countermeasure for decreasing radioactive cesium in buckwheat

  Kubo Katashi, Nemoto Kazutoshi, Kobayashi Hiroyuki, Kuriyama Yasushi, Harada Hirohide, Matsunami Hisaya, Eguchi Tetsuya, Kihou Nobuharu, Ota Takeshi, Keitoku Shoji, Kimura Takeshi, Shinano Takuro  Abstracts of Meeting of the CSSJ  239-  (0)  170  -170  2015  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 4-1-24 カドミウム処理による植物体内の硫黄分配の変化(4-1 植物の多量栄養素,2015年度京都大会)

  山口 千仁, 陶山 明子, 瀧本 裕希, 大津 直子, 信濃 卓郎, 保倉 明子, 丸山 明子  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  61-  (0)  55  -55  2015  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ダイズのRj遺伝子型が共生細菌群集に与える影響の評価

  海野佑介, 城惣吉, 信濃卓郎, 南澤究, 佐伯雄一, 池田成志  日本土壌微生物学会講演要旨集  2014-  112  2014/10/16  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ウレアホルム型緩効性肥料の植物共生細菌群集への影響評価

  池田成志, 浅野賢治, 高橋直和, 森清文, 富濱毅, 海野佑介, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌微生物学会講演要旨集  2014-  113  -113  2014/10/16  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• O29-06 ウレアホルム型緩効性肥料の植物共生細菌群集への影響評価(口頭発表)

  池田 成志, 浅野 賢治, 高橋 直和, 森 清文, 富濱 毅, 海野 佑介, 信濃 卓郎  日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集  2014-  113  -113  2014/10/16  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• O29-05 ダイズのRj遺伝子型が共生細菌群集に与える影響の評価(口頭発表)

  海野 佑介, 城 惣吉, 信濃 卓郎, 南澤 究, 佐伯 雄一, 池田 成志  日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集  2014-  112  -112  2014/10/16  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 短節間カボチャ「TC2A」の水田転換畑での栽培に適した窒素施肥

  杉戸智子, 辻博之, 村上則幸, 杉山慶太, 嘉見大助, 建部雅子, 信濃卓郎  北農  81-  (4)  325  -329  2014/10/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• An assessment of impacts of an urea-formaldehyde fertilizer on plant-associated bacteria(The Joint Meeting of Japanese Environmental Microbiology-related Associations 2014)

  池田 成志, 浅野 賢治, 浅野 賢治, 森 清文, 富濱 毅, 海野 佑介, 信濃 卓郎  土と微生物  68-  (2)  109  -109  2014/10/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Optimization of rate and times of nitrogen fertilizer application for the short-internode squash cultivar Cucurbita maxima 'TC2A' grown in drained paddy fields

  杉戸 智子, 辻 博之, 村上 則幸, 杉山 慶太, 嘉見 大助, 建部 雅子, 信濃 卓郎  北農  81-  (4)  325  -329  2014/10  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  短節間カボチャ「TC2A」の水田転換畑での栽培において，窒素筋肥量が8kg/10aまでは窒素施肥量が多くなるほど果実収量が高くなり，果実品質が向上する傾向を示した。また，基肥4kg/10aと追肥4kg/10aの2回に分施することで日焼け・腐敗果率が低くなった。以上より，短節間カボチャ「TC2A」栽培では，窒素8kg/10aを基肥4kg/10aと追肥4kg/10aの2回に分施することが適していると判断した。
• 維管束系で発現する硫酸イオントランスポーターSULTR2;1の機能

  中村俊貴, 信濃卓郎, 丸山明子  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  60-  303  2014/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 雲母層間の非交換性カリが水稲への放射性セシウム移行におよぼす影響

  江口哲也, 太田健, 石川哲也, 松波寿弥, 山口紀子, 木方展治, 久保堅志, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  60-  (60)  158  -158  2014/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 異なる施肥条件での長期連用による土壌の物理化学性の変化に起因した土壌中Cs動態及び植物体へのCs移行量変化の解析

  高雄惇英, 海野佑介, 渡部敏裕, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  60-  (60)  161  -161  2014/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 殺菌剤処理がアーバスキュラー菌根菌感染に及ぼす影響

  大友量, 岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  60-  242  2014/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ジャガイモ根圏では主要な施肥成分の制限によりRhizobium属細菌が寡占化する

  海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, 南澤究, 池田成志  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  60-  34  2014/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 圃場条件下でのダイズ根粒菌の多様性に対するRj遺伝子型の影響評価

  池田成志, 海野佑介, 城惣吉, 信濃卓郎, 南澤究, 佐伯雄一  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  60-  34  2014/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• フィチン酸添加土壌からのダイズのリン吸収に及ぼすC・N添加と菌根菌密度の影響

  岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  60-  242  2014/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 硫黄栄養条件に応じたSULTR2:1転写産物量の変化が植物体内の硫酸イオン分配に果たす役割

  中村俊貴, 陶山明子, 信濃卓郎, 丸山明子  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  60-  55  2014/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 20 維管束系で発現する硫酸イオントランスポーターSULTR2;1の機能(九州支部講演会(その1),2013年度各支部会)

  中村 俊貴, 信濃 卓郎, 丸山 明子  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  60-  (60)  303  -303  2014/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 2 フィチン酸添加土壌からのダイズのリン吸収に及ぼすC・N添加と菌根菌密度の影響(北海道支部講演会,2013年度各支部会)

  岡 紀邦, 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  60-  (60)  242  -242  2014/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 1 殺菌剤処理がアーバスキュラー菌根菌感染に及ぼす影響(北海道支部講演会,2013年度各支部会)

  大友 量, 岡 紀邦, 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  60-  (60)  242  -242  2014/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P8-1-17 雲母層間の非交換性カリが水稲への放射性セシウム移行におよぼす影響(ポスター,8-1 環境保全,2014年度東京大会)

  江口 哲也, 太田 健, 石川 哲也, 松波 寿弥, 山口 紀子, 木方 展治, 久保 堅志, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (60)  158  -158  2014/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• S3-1-17 ジャガイモ根圏では主要な施肥成分の制限によりRhizobium属細菌が寡占化する(ミニシンポジウム S3-1,3-1 土壌生物の生態と機能,2014年度東京大会)

  海野 佑介, 信濃 卓郎, 南澤 究, 池田 成志  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (60)  34  -34  2014/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 4-2-6 Ionome analysis of different organs in soybean at different growth stages in response to different nitrogen sources

  Chu Qingnan, Sha Zhimin  Abstracts of the meeting, the Society of the Science of Soil and Manure  (60)  62  -62  2014/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P8-1-26 異なる施肥条件での長期連用による土壌の物理化学性の変化に起因した土壌中Cs動態及び植物体へのCs移行量変化の解析(ポスター,8-1 環境保全,2014年度東京大会)

  高雄 惇英, 海野 佑介, 渡部 敏裕, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (60)  161  -161  2014/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ポジトロンイメージング(PETIS)によるダイズ根系周辺への分泌物の可視化と定量解析

  YIN Yong‐Gen, 鈴井伸郎, 河地有木, 石井里美, 小柳淳, 中村卓司, 信濃卓郎, 藤巻秀  アイソトープ・放射線研究発表会要旨集  51st-  16  2014/06/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 秋そばへの蒸散抑制剤の散布がセシウムの移行に及ぼす影響の予備的検討

  久保堅司, 小林浩幸, 松波寿弥, 太田健, 信濃卓郎  根の研究  23-  (2)  58  2014/06/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 東京電力福島第一原子力発電所事故に伴う農地における放射性物質汚染対策

  信濃卓郎  環境工学連合講演会講演論文集  27th-  61  -64  2014/05/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ダイズ栽培における前作効果を用いたリン酸減肥の現地実証試験(2013年度大会一般講演要旨)

  大友 量, 杉戸 智子, 小島 知子, 岡 紀邦, 信濃 卓郎  土と微生物  68-  (1)  46  -46  2014/04/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ジャガイモ根関連細菌の培養解析(2013年度大会一般講演要旨)

  染谷 信孝, 海野 佑介, 信濃 卓郎, 津田 昌吾, 池田 成志, 関口 博之  土と微生物  68-  (1)  38  -38  2014/04/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 国産バイオマス燃料用テンサイ及びバレイショの育成と低コスト多収生産技術の開発 第1章 テンサイ及びバレイショの省力・低コスト栽培技術の開発 3 耕作放棄地等における資源作物の持続的生産に向けた土壌管理技術の開発

  小林創平, 高橋宙之, 信濃卓郎, 建部雅子  農林水産省農林水産技術会議事務局研究成果  (498)  36  -41  2014/03/31  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 作物の生産性向上に関わる成分解析 1.代謝産物解析の利用

  岡崎圭毅, 中村卓司, 岡紀邦, 大友量, 杉戸智子, 信濃卓郎  日本作物学会講演会要旨・資料集  237th-  364  -365  2014/03/29  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 作物の生産性向上に関わる成分解析 2.大豆生産性と子実元素との関係

  中村卓司, 林怜史, 村上則幸, 辻博之, 小松邦彦, 岡崎圭毅, SHA Z, QINGNAN C, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎  日本作物学会講演会要旨・資料集  237th-  366  -367  2014/03/29  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Optimization of Rate and Times of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application for the Short-internode Squash Cultivar Cucurbita maxima 'TC2A' Grown in Drained Paddy Fields

  SUGITO TOMOKO, TSUJI HIROYUKI, MURAKAMI NORIYUKI, SUGIYAMA KEITA, KAMI DAISUKE, TAKEBE MASAKO, SHINANO TAKURO  農作業研究  49-  (1)  21  -29  2014/03/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  We investigated the effects of nitrogen fertilization rate and the timing of fertilization on the growth, fruit yield and fruit quality of the short-internode squash cultivar <i>Cucurbita maxima </i>Duchesne 'TC2A' based on experiments performed in an Andosol upland field converted from a paddy rice field in Hokkaido, Japan. Rice (<i>Oryza satuva </i>L.) was planted in the previous year and cattle manure composted with wheat straw at a rate of 1 t/10a was applied before 'TC2A' seedlings were transplanted in the experimental field. The treatment factor included in this experiment was the amount of nitrogen fertilization : 0, 4, 8 and 12 kg N/10a. Increasing the nitrogen application rate resulted in increases in both fruit yield and quality, but a rate of 12 kg N/10a failed to provide any further improvement over a rate of 8 kg N/10a. Basal fertilization plus topdressing, as compared with basal fertilization alone, enhanced foliage persistence and alleviated the decrease in quality caused by sunburn on the fruit surface and subsequent rotting. These results suggest that 4 kg N/10a basal fertilization plus 4 kg N/10a topdressing would be effective for 'TC2A' cultivation in upland fields converted from paddy fields in Hokkaido.
• De novo RNA‐seqとCE‐TOF/MSによる代謝産物プロファイリングに基づくシロバナルーピンの低リン耐性機構の解析

  丸山隼人, 津村暁彦, 海野佑介, 及川彰, 俵谷圭太郎, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  55th-  323  2014/03/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 施肥条件の異なるミズナにおける官能評価と香気成分の関連性解析

  福田朋彦, 岡崎圭毅, 渡邊彩乃, 信濃卓郎, 岡紀邦  日本農芸化学会大会講演要旨集(Web)  2014-  3B04P04 (WEB ONLY)  2014/03/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ニンジンの香気特性の品種間差異とそれを形成する重要香気成分の特定

  岡崎圭毅, 福田朋彦, 信濃卓郎, 岡紀邦  農研機構北海道農業研究センター成果情報(Web)  2014-  2014
• 飼料用とうもろこし連作畑におけるリン酸施肥対応

  八木哲生, 松本武彦, 三枝俊哉, 林拓, 大友量, 小林創平, 岡紀邦, 信濃卓郎  北海道農業成果情報 （指導参考）  2014  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Plant minerals and metabolites analysis for the improvement of plant productivity

  Okazaki Keiki, Nakamura Takuji, Oka Norikuni, Ohtomo Ryo, Sugito Tomoko, Shinano Takuro  Abstracts of Meeting of the CSSJ  237-  (0)  2014  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Plant minerals and metabolites analysis for the improvement of plant productivity

  Nakamura Takuji, Hayashi Satoshi, Murakami Noriyuki, Tsuji Noriyuki, Komatsu Kunihiko, Okazaki Keiki, Sha Zimin, Qingnan Chu, Watanabe Toshihiro, Shinano Takuro  Abstracts of Meeting of the CSSJ  237-  (0)  2014  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 4-1-25 硫黄栄養条件に応じたSULTR2:1転写産物量の変化が植物体内の硫酸イオン分配に果たす役割(4-1 植物の多量栄養素,2014年度東京大会)

  中村 俊貴, 陶山 明子, 信濃 卓郎, 丸山 明子  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  60-  (0)  55  -55  2014  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 農業懇話会 除塩･除染の課題と研究の推進状況(2)

  後藤 逸男, 信濃 卓郎  農業 = Journal of the Agricultural Society of Japan  (1581)  19  -36  2014/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 除塩・除染の課題と研究の推進状況(II)

  後藤逸男, 信濃卓郎  農業  (1581)  19  -33  2014/01/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• コムギ品種におけるカドミウムおよび必須栄養元素の根から地上部への移行性の解析

  久保堅司, 小林浩幸, 太田健, 村上敏文, 石川哲也, 江口哲也, 藤田雅也, 渡邊好昭, 信濃卓郎  根の研究  22-  (4)  159  2013/12/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 農業懇話会 除塩・除染の課題と研究の推進状況(1)

  後藤 逸男, 信濃 卓郎  農業 = Journal of the Agricultural Society of Japan  (1579)  6  -19  2013/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 除塩・除染の課題と研究の推進状況(I)

  後藤逸男, 信濃卓郎  農業  (1579)  6  -19  2013/12/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• コムギ品種におけるカリウムとセシウムの蓄積性の解析

  久保堅司, 小林浩幸, 太田健, 村上敏文, 石川哲也, 江口哲也, 藤田雅也, 渡邊好昭, 中島隆, 信濃卓郎  育種学研究  15-  193  2013/10/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Aroma Characteristic and Volatile Profiling of Carrot Varieties and Quantitative Role of Terpenoid Compounds for Carrot Sensory Attributes

  78-  (10-12)  S1800-S1806  2013/10  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Estimating Phosphorus Availability in Andosols Using Soil Biomass Phosphorus as an Indicator

  Tomoko Sugito, Takuro Shinano  JARQ-JAPAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH QUARTERLY  47-  (4)  347  -351  2013/10  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Andosols are widely distributed in upland fields in Japan and are characterized by a high phosphorus (P) retention capacity. Consequently, the efficiency of P fertilizers is low in Andosols, requiring a high rate of P fertilizer application. However, P resources are becoming depleted globally, and excess P accumulated in soil inhibits trace element uptake by plants, pollutes the environment, and triggers outbreaks of soil-borne diseases. Available P in upland fields in Japan is usually estimated using the Truog method, but the results do not correlate with plant P uptake in Andosols. Soil organic P is also not usually evaluated as available, but remains an important P source for plants. The P in microbes (biomass P) is particularly important, because P from dead microbes is released directly into the soil or easily decomposed. We found a significant correlation between biomass P and P uptake by kidney beans. Therefore, biomass P may serve as a reliable indicator of P availability in Andosols.
• 34 施肥条件の異なるミズナにおける官能評価と香気成分の関連性解析(北海道支部講演会,2012年度各支部会)

  福田 朋彦, 岡崎 圭毅, 渡邊 彩乃, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  59-  (59)  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 20 リン酸減肥がバレイショの収量・品質に及ぼす影響(北海道支部講演会,2012年度各支部会)

  杉戸 智子, 君和田 健二, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (59)  244  -244  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 4 融雪期の亜酸化窒素放出に関わる土壌細菌の探索(北海道支部講演会,2012年度各支部会)

  関口 萌子, 海野 佑介, 岩田 幸良, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (59)  239  -239  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 8-1-36 多段式ハイブリッド伏流式人工湿地システムによる養豚廃液の処理効果(8-1 環境保全,2013年度名古屋大会)

  加藤 邦彦, 井上 京, 家次 秀浩, 北川 勝治, 菅原 保英, 岡崎 圭毅, 中村 卓司, 信濃 卓郎, 原田 純, 櫻木 宏明, 青木 和彦  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (59)  161  -161  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P7-1-14 コメ由来バイオエタノール蒸留廃液中の窒素無機化特性とホウレンソウへの施用効果(ポスター,シンポジオン,7-1 肥料および施肥法,2013年度名古屋大会)

  山脇 賢治, 杉戸 智子, 大友 量, 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎, 岡 紀邦  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  59-  (59)  141  -141  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P7-1-8 アーバスキュラー菌根菌活用による春コムギ、バレイショ栽培でのリン酸減肥の可能性(ポスター,シンポジオン,7-1 肥料および施肥法,2013年度名古屋大会)

  杉戸 智子, 大友 量, 信濃 卓郎, 岡 紀邦  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  59-  (59)  139  -139  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P6-2-3 ダイズ根系が根圏土壌へ分泌した有機物の可視化と定量解析(ポスター,シンポジオン,6-2 畑地土壌肥沃度,2013年度名古屋大会)

  尹 永根, 鈴井 伸郎, 河地 有木, 石井 里美, 小〓 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 藤巻 秀  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (59)  117  -117  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P4-4-2 水ストレス条件下における堆肥施用がダイズの代謝プロファイルに与える影響(4-4 植物の代謝成分と農作物の品質)

  岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎, 中村 卓司, 岡 紀邦  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  59-  (59)  90  -90  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P2-2-2 土壌溶液中の代謝物質を同定するための土壌溶液抽出法の検討(ポスター,2-2 土壌分析法,2013年度名古屋大会)

  中村 卓司, 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (59)  30  -30  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 1-1-5 -2℃で培養した土壌のN_2O濃度と土壌水分量の推移(1-1 物質循環・動態,2013年度名古屋大会)

  岩田 幸良, 海野 佑介, 信濃 卓郎, 清水 真理子, 矢崎 友嗣, 柳井 洋介, 波多野 隆介  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (59)  2  -2  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P4-4-3 野菜のイオノーム解析(4-4 植物の代謝成分と農作物の品質)

  渡部 敏裕, 吉村 誠子, 前島 恵理子, 山内 愛子, 大和田野 昌子, 岡田 遼介, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 浦山 勝  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (59)  90  -90  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 31 非燃蒸型殺線虫剤がアーバスキュラー菌根菌感染率に及ぼす影響(北海道支部講演会,2012年度各支部会)

  岡 紀邦, 岡崎 圭毅, 齋藤 修平, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  59-  (59)  248  -248  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 35 窒素欠乏下における作物のモリブデン集積特性(北海道支部講演会,2012年度各支部会)

  岡田 遼介, 渡部 敏裕, 浦山 勝, 海野 佑介, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  59-  (59)  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Impacts of previous cropping with mycorrhizal plant and manure application on the ionome of soybean seed

  Sha Zhimin, Oka Norikuni, Watanabe Toshihiro, Okazaki Keiki, Osaki Mitsuru, Shinano Takuro  Abstracts of the meeting, the Society of the Science of Soil and Manure  59-  (59)  248  -248  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 水ストレス条件下における堆肥施用がダイズの代謝プロファイルに与える影響

  岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 中村卓司, 岡紀邦  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  59-  90  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 多段式ハイブリッド伏流式人工湿地システムによる養豚廃液の処理効果

  加藤邦彦, 井上京, 家次秀浩, 北川勝治, 菅原保英, 岡崎圭毅, 中村卓司, 信濃卓郎, 原田純, 櫻木宏明, 青木和彦  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  59-  (59)  161  -161  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 土壌溶液中の代謝物質を同定するための土壌溶液抽出法の検討

  中村卓司, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  59-  (59)  30  -30  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• アーバスキュラー菌根菌活用による春コムギ,バレイショ栽培でのリン酸減肥の可能性

  杉戸智子, 大友量, 信濃卓郎, 岡紀邦  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  59-  139  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• コメ由来バイオエタノール蒸留廃液中の窒素無機化特性とホウレンソウへの施用効果

  山脇賢治, 杉戸智子, 大友量, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 岡紀邦  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  59-  141  -141  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 融雪期の亜酸化窒素放出に関わる土壌細菌の探索

  関口萌子, 海野佑介, 岩田幸良, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  59-  239  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 野菜のイオノーム解析

  渡部敏裕, 吉村誠子, 前島恵理子, 山内愛子, 大和田野昌子, 岡田遼介, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 浦山勝  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  59-  (59)  90  -90  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• -2°Cで培養した土壌のN₂O濃度と土壌水分量の推移

  岩田幸良, 海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, 清水真理子, 矢崎友嗣, 柳井洋介, 波多野隆介  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  59-  2  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 非燻蒸型殺線虫剤がアーバスキュラー菌根菌感染率に及ぼす影響

  岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 齋藤修平, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  59-  248  -248  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ダイズ根系が根圏土壌へ分泌した有機物の可視化と定量解析

  尹永根, 鈴井伸郎, 河地有木, 石井里美, 小柳淳, 信濃卓郎, 藤巻秀  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  59-  (59)  117  -117  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 施肥条件の異なるミズナにおける官能評価と香気成分の関連性解析

  福田朋彦, 岡崎圭毅, 渡邊彩乃, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  59-  249  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 窒素欠乏下における作物のモリブデン集積特性

  岡田遼介, 渡部敏裕, 浦山勝, 海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  59-  249  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• リン酸減肥がバレイショの収量・品質に及ぼす影響

  杉戸智子, 君和田健二, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  59-  (59)  244  -244  2013/09/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ダイズ栽培における前作効果を用いたリン酸減肥の現地実証試験

  大友量, 杉戸智子, 小島知子, 岡紀邦, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌微生物学会講演要旨集  2013-  56  2013/06/19  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ジャガイモ根関連細菌の培養解析

  染谷信孝, 海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, 津田昌吾, 池田成志, 関口博之  日本土壌微生物学会講演要旨集  2013-  31  2013/06/19  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Functional Analysis of Rhizosphere Microbiome(The Information of Comparative Genome Sequence Reveals Biological Diversity and Phenotypic Expression)

  Shinano Takuro  Journal of Japanese Society of Grassland Science  59-  (1)  70  -73  2013/04/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  世界の主要な食糧輸出国はそのほとんどが先進国であり，低価格で多くの国々の食糧需要をまかなって来た。その一方で，多くの後発発展途上国は実質的に食糧輸入国になっており，国家の基軸たる食糧供給が先進国を中心とした少数の国家における農業政策に強く依存している(FAO2010)。世界全体で見たときには安価な食糧の供給は，それが安定的に供給され，かつ，購入する国家の経済状態が安定していれば，少なくとも短期的には飢餓人口を減らすことが可能と考えられており，実際にFAOは2002年の報告では，その後の予測として世界各国の飢餓人口がその絶対数，人口比率のいずれにおいても低下傾向を続けるとしていた(FAO2002)。しかしながら，2008年のリーマンショックに端を発した経済不安は食糧問題にも暗い影を及ぼし，その予測通りにはならなかったことが報告されている(FAO2010)農業分野においては各種資材(肥料原料など)の枯渇の危惧とその不安に乗じた生産調整，供給抑制による価格高騰は記憶に新しい。その後価格高騰は沈静化したものの，以前の価格に比べると高水準のままである。
• ―ゲノム情報が明らかにする生物の多様性と形質発現―植物根圏微生物の機能解析手法開発

  信濃卓郎  日本草地学会誌  59-  (1)  70  -73  2013/04/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  世界の主要な食糧輸出国はそのほとんどが先進国であり，低価格で多くの国々の食糧需要をまかなって来た。その一方で，多くの後発発展途上国は実質的に食糧輸入国になっており，国家の基軸たる食糧供給が先進国を中心とした少数の国家における農業政策に強く依存している(FAO2010)。世界全体で見たときには安価な食糧の供給は，それが安定的に供給され，かつ，購入する国家の経済状態が安定していれば，少なくとも短期的には飢餓人口を減らすことが可能と考えられており，実際にFAOは2002年の報告では，その後の予測として世界各国の飢餓人口がその絶対数，人口比率のいずれにおいても低下傾向を続けるとしていた(FAO2002)。しかしながら，2008年のリーマンショックに端を発した経済不安は食糧問題にも暗い影を及ぼし，その予測通りにはならなかったことが報告されている(FAO2010)農業分野においては各種資材(肥料原料など)の枯渇の危惧とその不安に乗じた生産調整，供給抑制による価格高騰は記憶に新しい。その後価格高騰は沈静化したものの，以前の価格に比べると高水準のままである。
• nit変異株を用いた各地土壌のホウレンソウ萎凋病発病リスク評価の可能性

  関口博之, 竹原利明, 富岡啓介, 野見山孝司, 大崎秀樹, 宮川久義, 信濃卓郎  日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集  2013-  142  2013/03/21  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Metagenomic Analysis of the Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community

  Yusuke Unno, Takuro Shinano  Molecular Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere  2-  1099  -1103  2013/03/18  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  A metagenomic approach to detect and analyze rhizosphere microbial communities was carried out on Lupinus albus (L.) roots, which possessed proteoid roots. To reduce the contamination of the soil metagenome sequence with plant gene sequences, water fractionation was found to be better than air fractionation. Bioinformatics approaches were also used to remove these genes derived from the plant genome. Comparison among the different developmental stages of proteoid root rhizosphere soil metagenomes revealed the phylogenetical and also functional diversity among them. Integration of genome databases of soil microorganism, which supports not only phylogenetical data but also functional annotation, is needed to understand the soil metabolic process. Our results show potential and validity of this approach. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
• Effect of P level on the profile of rice root secreting proteins

  54th-  177  2013/03/14  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ハイブリッド型伏流式人工湿地ろ過システムによる養豚尿液の処理効果

  加藤邦彦, 井上京, 櫻木宏明, WU Da, 原田純, 富山貢, 家次秀浩, 北川勝治, 菅原保英, 岡崎圭毅, 中村卓司, 信濃卓郎  日本水環境学会年会講演集  47th-  309  2013/03/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Metabolite Profiling of Mizuna (Brassica rapa L. var. Nipponsinica) To Evaluate the Effects of Organic Matter Amendments

  Ayano Watanabe, Keiki Okazaki, Toshihiro Watanabe, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano  JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY  61-  (5)  1009  -1016  2013/02  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Organic matter amendment is an essential agricultural protocol to improve soil function and carbon sequestration. However, the effect of organic matter amendments on crop quality has not been well-defined. This study applied gas chromatography mass spectrometry to investigate the metabolite profiling of mizuna (Brassica rapa L. var. Nipponsinica) with different organic matter amendments with respect to quality and quantity. Principal component analysis showed that 33.4, 15.6, and 6.6% of the total variance was attributable to the plant N concentration, fast-release organic fertilizer (fish cake), chicken droppings), and rapeseed cake), and manure application (fresh and dried), respectively. The peak areas of 18 and 15 compounds were significantly altered under organic fertilizer and manure amendment, respectively, compared with pure chemical fertilizer amendment. The compounds altered with manure amendment were similar to those reported in previous studies using other species. This study is the first to show dear metabolic alterations in plants through the amendment of fast-release organic fertilizer. Mizuna is a unique plant species that responds to both organic fertilizer and manure. These observations are useful to clarify the effect of organic matter amendment and quality control in farming systems using organic matter.
• eDNA等を用いた土壌生物相の解析手法の開発 第6章 メタゲノム解析に基づく土壌微生物相解析手法の開発

  信濃卓郎, 海野佑介  農林水産省農林水産技術会議事務局研究成果  (494)  56  -61  2013/01/31  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Potential of basic researches in plant nutrition for better agroproduction

  KOYAMA Hiroyuki, KOBAYASHI Yuriko, TAKAHASHI Michiko, SHINANO Takuro, OHKAMA-OHTSU Naoko, MARUYAMA-NAKASHITA Akiko, MIWA Kyoko, KOBAYASHI Masaru, WATANABE Toshihiro, UENO Daisei, NAKAMURA Shin-ichi  Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  84-  (2)  136  -141  2013  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Metagenomic Analysis of the Rhizosphere Soil Microbiome with Respect to Phytic Acid Utilization

  28-  (1)  120-127 (J-STAGE)  2013  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Identification of important volatiles in fresh and processing carrot varieties: Using kuroda and flakee types

  Tomohiko Fukuda, Hiroki Tanaka, Hidetoshi Ihori, Keiki Okazaki, Takuro Shinano, Yasunori Fukumori  Food Science and Technology Research  19-  (3)  497  -504  2013  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Carrots, like most other vegetables, are classified into fresh or processing varieties in the food industry. To describe differences in volatile profiles and identify important volatiles among the carrot varieties of each type, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the composition of individual volatiles in 12 carrot varieties, including 7 Kuroda (fresh) and 5 Flakee (processing) types. Fifty-four volatiles were identified and quantified. β-Myrcene, terpinolene, sabinene and 1,3,8-p-menthatriene were detected as odor-active volatiles by GC-olfactometry. PCA distinguished Kuroda from Flakee by PC1. β-Myrcene and sabinene also had high PCA loading values, and were shown to play an important role in the characteristics of Flakee. On the other hand, thymol methyl ether and caryophyllenes, especially caryophyllene oxide, were representative volatiles in Kuroda. Thus, these volatiles might be useful as novel molecular markers in the development of new, high-quality carrots.
• METABOLITE PROFILING OF SHOOT EXTRACTS, ROOT EXTRACTS, AND ROOT EXUDATES OF RICE PLANT UNDER PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY

  Keitaro Tawaraya, Ryota Horie, Akiko Saito, Takuro Shinano, Tadao Wagatsuma, Kazuki Saito, Akira Oikawa  JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION  36-  (7)  1138  -1159  2013/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  We applied a metabolite profiling technique to investigate root exudates under phosphorus (P) deficiency. Oryza sativa was grown in culture solution containing three P levels (0, 1, and 8mg P L-1). Shoot extracts, root extracts, and root exudates were obtained from 18 and 23-day-old plants and their metabolites were determined by capillary electrophoresis/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Eighty, 90, and 65 metabolites were identified in shoot extracts, root extracts, and root exudates, respectively. Sixty-three to eighty-four percent of the metabolites were exuded to the rhizosphere. More than 33% of the metabolites in the root exudates showed higher concentration at low P than at high P. On the other hand, only 14% of the metabolites in the root extracts showed lower concentration at low P than at high P. These results suggest that rice roots actively release many metabolites in response to P deficiency.
• Potential of basic researches in plant nutrition for better agroproduction

  KOYAMA Hiroyuki, KOBAYASHI Yuriko, TAKAHASHI Michiko, SHINANO Takuro, OHKAMA-OHTSU Naoko, MARUYAMA-NAKASHITA Akiko, MIWA Kyoko, KOBAYASHI Masaru, WATANABE Toshihiro, UENO Daisei, NAKAMURA Shin-ichi  Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  84-  (2)  136  -141  2013  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 環境RNAからrRNAを除去するテーラーメイド型手法の開発

  増田曜子, 伊藤英臣, 白鳥豊, 海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, 下村有美, 早津雅仁, 大島健志朗, 服部正平, 磯部一夫, 大塚重人, 妹尾啓史  日本ゲノム微生物学会年会要旨集  7th-  71  2013  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Potential of basic researches in plant nutrition for better agroproduction

  KOYAMA Hiroyuki, KOBAYASHI Yuriko, TAKAHASHI Michiko, SHINANO Takuro, OHKAMA-OHTSU Naoko, MARUYAMA-NAKASHITA Akiko, MIWA Kyoko, KOBAYASHI Masaru, WATANABE Toshihiro, UENO Daisei, NAKAMURA Shin-ichi  Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  84-  (2)  136  -141  2013  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Researches on phosphorus nutrition against the forthcoming depletion of phosphate resources : 5. Phosphorus utilization efficiency in the plant

  SHINANO Takuro  Journal of the science of soil and manure, Japan  83-  (6)  703  -708  2012/12/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 植物と土壌の接点―根圏―をめぐる研究

  信濃卓郎  農薬環境科学研究  (20)  1  -9  2012/10/18  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• イネに接種した微生物資材の動態 : 特異的PCRとRFLPによる接種菌の追跡(2012年度土壌微生物学会講演要旨)

  大友 量, 志馬 景子, 伊沢 剛, 小林 創平, 信濃 卓郎, 篠崎 聡  土と微生物  66-  (2)  77  -77  2012/10/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• S02-3 Evaluation of microbial community structure and function in the field soil by using a comprehensive analysis methods of soil DNA and RNA(Session 2 Metagenomic approach to studying soil environmental change,Symposium session)

  Unno Yusuke, Shinano Takuro  日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集  (28)  2012/09/19  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 35 堆肥施用がミズナの代謝プロファイルに与える影響の解析(北海道支部講演会,2011年度各支部会)

  渡邊 彩乃, 岡崎 圭毅, 福田 朋彦, 岡 紀邦, 斎藤 修平, 渡部 敏裕, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  58-  (58)  249  -249  2012/09/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 34 トウモロコシの有機質肥料効率利用メカニズムの解明(北海道支部講演会,2011年度各支部会)

  太平 佳菜, 海野 佑介, 齋藤 修平, 寳示戸 雅之, 濃沼 圭一, 西田 瑞彦, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  58-  (58)  249  -249  2012/09/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 30 岩見沢と京極のダイズ畑におけるアーバスキュラー菌根菌感染実態調査(北海道支部講演会,2011年度各支部会)

  岡 紀邦, 岡崎 圭毅, 齋藤 修平, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  58-  (58)  247  -247  2012/09/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 28 根系構造の異なる飼料用トウモロコシ2品種間における窒素吸収パターンの比較(北海道支部講演会,2011年度各支部会)

  齋藤 修平, 岡 紀邦, 杉戸 智子, 岡崎 圭毅, 辻 博之, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  58-  (58)  247  -247  2012/09/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 21 亜臨界水処理によって生成された有機質資材が葉菜類の無機成分吸収に与える影響(北海道支部講演会,2011年度各支部会)

  石綿 雅浩, 齋藤 修平, 岡崎 圭毅, 君和田 健二, 杉戸 智子, 岡 紀邦, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  58-  (58)  244  -244  2012/09/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P19-18 アーバスキュラー菌根菌利用によるダイズ栽培でのリン酸減肥 : 後作緑肥(ヒマワリとシロガラシ)の栽培とすき込みの影響(19.肥料および施肥法,2012年度鳥取大会)

  岡 紀邦, 杉戸 智子, 大友 量, 岡崎 圭毅, 齋藤 修平, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  58-  (58)  141  -141  2012/09/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 12-4 代謝物プロファイリングによる有機物施用の影響評価 : ミズナで観測された有機質肥料に対する特異的な応答(12.植物の代謝成分・農作物の品質,2012年度鳥取大会)

  渡邊 彩乃, 岡崎 圭毅, 渡部 敏裕, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  58-  (58)  89  -89  2012/09/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11-8 アルミニウム応答におけるエネルギー代謝の関わり : アルミニウム耐性の異なるタバコ培養細胞株の比較解析(11.植物の有害元素,2012年度鳥取大会)

  山本 洋子, 泉 洋平, 信濃 卓郎, 中村 卓司, 岡崎 圭毅, 佐々木 孝行  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  58-  (58)  75  -75  2012/09/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• S6-8 土壌凍結融解が亜酸化窒素放出に関わる土壌微生物群集に与える影響(S6.N_2O生成と消去に関わる微生物研究の最前線-遺伝子解析からN_2O発生抑制まで-,6.土壌生物,2012年度鳥取大会)

  関口 萌子, 海野 佑介, 岩田 幸良, 清水 真理子, 波多野 隆介, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  58-  (58)  38  -38  2012/09/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 1-11 凍結・融解履歴の有無による土壌中の一酸化二窒素濃度の推移の違い(1.物質循環・動態,2012年度鳥取大会)

  岩田 幸良, 海野 佑介, 関口 萌子, 清水 真理子, 矢崎 友嗣, 柳井 洋介, 波多野 隆介, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  58-  (58)  4  -4  2012/09/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 堆肥施用がミズナの代謝プロファイルに与える影響の解析

  渡邊彩乃, 岡崎圭毅, 福田朋彦, 岡紀邦, 斎藤修平, 渡部敏裕, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  58-  249  -249  2012/09/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 凍結・融解履歴の有無による土壌中の一酸化二窒素濃度の推移の違い

  岩田幸良, 海野佑介, 関口萌子, 清水真理子, 矢崎友嗣, 柳井洋介, 波多野隆介, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  58-  (58)  4  -4  2012/09/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 土壌凍結融解が亜酸化窒素放出に関わる土壌微生物群集に与える影響

  関口萌子, 海野佑介, 岩田幸良, 清水真理子, 波多野隆介, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  58-  (58)  38  -38  2012/09/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 代謝物プロファイリングによる有機物施用の影響評価~ミズナで観測された有機質肥料に対する特異的な応答~

  渡邊彩乃, 岡崎圭毅, 渡部敏裕, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  58-  (58)  89  -89  2012/09/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 岩見沢と京極のダイズ畑におけるアーバスキュラー菌根菌感染実態調査

  岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 齋藤修平, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  58-  247  -247  2012/09/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 亜臨界水処理によって生成された有機質資材が葉菜類の無機成分吸収に与える影響

  石綿雅浩, 齋藤修平, 岡崎圭毅, 君和田健二, 杉戸智子, 岡紀邦, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  58-  (58)  244  -244  2012/09/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• アーバスキュラー菌根菌利用によるダイズ栽培でのリン酸減肥 後作緑肥(ヒマワリとシロガラシ)の栽培とすき込みの影響

  岡紀邦, 杉戸智子, 大友量, 岡崎圭毅, 齋藤修平, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  58-  (58)  141  -141  2012/09/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• トウモロコシの有機質肥料効率利用メカニズムの解明

  太平佳菜, 海野佑介, 齋藤修平, 寳示戸雅之, 濃沼圭一, 西田瑞彦, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  58-  (58)  249  -249  2012/09/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 根系構造の異なる飼料用トウモロコシ2品種間における窒素吸収パターンの比較

  齋藤修平, 岡紀邦, 杉戸智子, 岡崎圭毅, 辻博之, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  58-  (58)  247  -247  2012/09/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• アルミニウム応答におけるエネルギー代謝の関わり アルミニウム耐性の異なるタバコ培養細胞株の比較解析

  山本洋子, 泉洋平, 信濃卓郎, 中村卓司, 岡崎圭毅, 佐々木孝行  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  58-  (58)  75  -75  2012/09/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Ionome of Soybean Seed Affected by Previous Cropping with Mycorrhizal Plant and Manure Application

  Zhimin Sha, Norikuni Oka, Toshihiro Watanabe, Biatna Dulbert Tampubolon, Keiki Okazaki, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano  JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY  60-  (38)  9543  -9552  2012/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Two field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of previous cultivation of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) host plant and manure application on the concentration of 19 mineral elements in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Tsurumusume) seeds. Each experiment ran for two years (experiment 1 took place in 2007-2008, and experiment 2 took place in 2008-2009) with a split plot design. Soybeans were cultivated after growing either an AM host plant (maize, Zea mays L. cv. New dental) or a non-AM host plant (buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. cv. Kitawase-soba) in the first year in the main plots, with manure application (0 and 20 t/ha) during the soybean season in split plots from both main plots. On the basis of the two experiments, manure application significantly increased the available potassium (K) and decreased the available iron (Fe) and cesium (Cs) in the soil. However, higher concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and barium (Ba) and lower concentrations of Cs in the seed were induced by the application of manure. Cd levels in the seed were decreased by prior cultivation with the AM host plant. The present study showed that the identity of the prior crop and manure application changed the mineral contents of the soybean seed and suggests a connection between environmental factors and food safety.
• 植物根圏微生物の機能解析手法開発

  信濃卓郎  日本草地学会誌  58-  (25)  2012/08/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Recent trends and future development of academic field based on Soil Science : Part I Soil science as a fundamental tool for crop production

  SAIGUSA Masahiko, OHTA Takeshi, SHINANO Takuro, MINAMIZAWA Kiwamu, INAMURA Tatuya  Journal of the science of soil and manure, Japan  83-  (4)  483  -486  2012/08/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  地球環境や人間活動を支える土壌は,第1次生産者としての植物の生育を大きく左右するのみならず,その後の食物連鎖により,動物ひいては人間の生長,健康維持にも大きく影響する。「作物生産基盤としての土壌科学」について,1)作物生産におけるペドロジーの役割,2)土壌に根ざした作物栄養学の展開,3)作物生産に対する土壌微生物の貢献,4)作物学から土壌科学へ望むことの4課題に関し,それぞれペドロジー,作物栄養学,土壌微生物学,作物学の原点に遡って討議し,あらためてこの分野の学術の動向と今後の展開を考える。
• イネに接種した微生物資材の動態:―特異的PCRとRFLPによる接種菌の追跡―

  大友量, 志馬景子, 伊沢剛, 小林創平, 信濃卓郎, 篠崎聡  日本土壌微生物学会講演要旨集  2012-  10  2012/06/10  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• A unique paddy-rice disorder in Nagasaki-analysis of stress-related metabolites in rice leaves by means of metabolomics

  OKAZAKI Keiki, OKA Norikuni, SAWADA Hiroko, FUJIYAMA Masafumi, WATANABE Taiji, SHINANO Takurou, FUJIHARA Shinsuke  Journal of the science of soil and manure, Japan  83-  (3)  256  -265  2012/06/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  In a particular high-altitude area of Sasebo city, Nagasaki, a unique disorder in paddy rice has been observed since the 1960s. This disorder is called suitou hakare shou in Japanese, and we refer to it here as rice hakare symptom. Despite decades of research on rice hakare symptom, the particular environmental factors and mechanisms causing rice leaf damage are unknown. We therefore conducted a metabalomic analysis with the aim of clarifying the environmental stresses inducing this disorder. We collected healthy and damaged uppermost leaves from rice plants at different developmental stages and analyzed the various stress-related metabolites by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We found that glucose and fructose, early metabolites in photosynthesis, tended to be greater in rice leaves collected from paddy fields displaying signs of damage from rice hakare symptom, especially in late August. Furthermore, non-targeted metabolic profiles derived from mass spectral data led us to select γ-amino-butyric acid, trehalose, sorbitol, and serotonin as stress-related metabolites. Sorbitol and serotonin, minor components in healthy leaves, were accumulated specifically in damaged leaves at any growth stage, and further increased with development of the leaf lesion. These results indicate the significance of sorbitol and serotonin in rice leaves as biomarkers of rice hakare symptom. Both compounds are generally known to accumulate in response to drought stress or desiccation of plant tissue, suggesting the possibility that changes in leaf-water relations are an important part of the mechanism that causes rice hakare symptom.
• メタボローム解析によるカボチャ貯蔵性向上を目指したバイオマーカー探索

  岡崎圭毅, 嘉見大助, 室崇人, 信濃卓郎, 杉山慶太  園芸学研究 別冊  11-  (1)  392  2012/03/28  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Ionomic study of soybean seed affected by previous cropping with mycorrhizal plant, manure and phosphorus applications

  53rd-  309  2012/03/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• リン欠乏及びアルミニウム障害時におけるシロイヌナズナ野生株およびリンゴ酸分泌変異株の根浸出物の解析

  丸山隼人, 佐々木孝行, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  53rd-  371  2012/03/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ミヤコグサAtMOT1相同遺伝子の機能解析

  箱山雅生, DUAN Guilan, 神谷岳洋, FABIEN Lombardo, 横田圭祐, 三輪大樹, 佐藤修正, 田畑哲之, ZHENG Chen, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎, 林誠, 藤原徹  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  53rd-  374  2012/03/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• カドミウム暴露によりオオムギが受ける過酸化物ストレスに及ぼす腐植物質の影響

  長澤賢弥, 立花直也, 福嶋正巳, 菅野ひかり, 信濃卓郎, 岡崎圭毅  化学系学協会北海道支部冬季研究発表会講演要旨集  2012-  104  2012/01/31  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Phosphorus starvation changes the metabolic flow in rice

  SHINANO T.  Frontiers in Agriculture Proteome Research, Contribution of Proteomics Technology in Agricultural Sciences  77  -81  2012
• 土壌中のフィチン酸リン利用に関わる根圏微生物の役割解明

  信濃卓郎, 海野祐介  農研機構北海道農業研究センター成果情報(Web)  2012-  2012
• イネ葉枯症に関連するバイオマーカーのメタボロミクスによる探索法

  岡崎圭毅, 岡紀邦, 澤田寛子, 藤山正史, 渡邊太治, 信濃卓郎, 藤原伸介  農研機構北海道農業研究センター成果情報(Web)  2012-  2012
• メタボロミクスによるコマツナ成分に対する資材施用効果の解析

  岡崎圭毅, 岡紀邦, 信濃卓郎  農研機構北海道農業研究センター成果情報(Web)  2012-  2012
• アゾスピリラム属細菌を簡単に識別できるPCＲプライマーAz16S-A

  小林創平, 志馬景子, 大友量, 池田成志, 浅野亮樹, 信濃卓郎  研究成果情報  2011-  2012  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Effect of exogenous phosphatase and phytase activities on organic phosphate mobilization in soils with different phosphate adsorption capacities

  Hayato Maruyama, Takuya Yamamura, Yohei Kaneko, Hirokazu Matsui, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki, Jun Wasaki  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  58-  (1)  41  -51  2012  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  This study evaluated the effects of exogenous LASAP2 for acid phosphatase (APase) and LASAP3 for phytase of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) on phosphorus (P) accumulation from organic P in soils. The potential for LASAP2-overexpressing tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) to increase organic P in soil was examined in our previous study. However, LASAP2 has low specificity for phytate, the predominant form of unavailable P in the brown lowland soil. For the present study, we isolated the full length of LASAP3 cDNA and introduced it into tobacco plants using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic tobacco plants were grown in two different soils (Andosols and Regosols; high and low P-adsorption capacity, respectively) supplemented with either inorganic phosphate (+Pi) or phytate (Po) as the sole P source, or control conditions that lacked phosphorus (No P). Dry matter production and P content of the transgenic line was higher than that of wild type in all treatments. The ratio of P accumulation increase by exogenous enzymes was found to be dependent on the P treatment and soil type. In all lines, the increase in +Po was less than that in +Pi, but higher than in No P. The P uptake ability of plants in Regosols was higher than in Andosols for all treatments, suggesting that the P utilization efficiency of both Pi and Po is dependent on the solubility. In no soil type or P treatment was a significant difference found between LASAP2- and LASAP3-overexpressing lines. These results demonstrate that introducing an APase and phytase gene such as LASAP2 and LASAP3 into tobacco by genetic transformation is a promising strategy for improving P mobilization in soil, although the bottleneck for mobilization of phytate-P is not the specificity of the enzyme but its solubility in soils.
• DIFFERENCES IN ACQUISITION OF ORGANIC NITROGEN IN SOILS BETWEEN BOK CHOY AND TOMATO

  Toshihiro Watanabe, Takumi Enomoto, Michihiko Sakurai, Miwa Okamoto, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki  JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION  35-  (10)  1468  -1476  2012  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Seedlings of bok choy and tomato were grown in soils with different nitrogen (N) sources [no N (-N), ammonium sulfate (AS), and cattle farmyard manure (CM)]. Comparison between soils treated with -N and CM indicated that the growth and N accumulation in bok choy were significantly enhanced by CM treatment, whereas no difference was found in tomato. In the rhizosphere soils, the highest protease activity was detected in CM treatment irrespective of species. Correlation analysis between rhizospheric protease activity and total N accumulation of plant treated with {N and CM showed a significant positive correlation only for bok choy. The determination of amino acid absorption rate in excised roots indicated that glycine was taken up at a significantly higher rate in bok choy than tomato. This study suggested that at least two possible factors affected the acquisition of organic N: rhizospheric protease activity and ability to absorb amino acids in roots.
• Metabolite profiling of Komatsuna (Brassica rapa L.) field-grown under different soil organic amendment and fertilization regimes

  Keiki Okazaki, Takuro Shinano, Norikuni Oka, Masako Takebe  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  58-  (6)  696  -706  2012  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Among agricultural soil fertility management options, the environmental benefits of organic amendments have recently drawn particular attention. However, little information exists about their effects on crop metabolites or quality. Field plots of Komatsuna (Brassica rapa L. var. perviridis) were planted in a fractional factorial design with the following treatments: soil amendments of cattle manure (0, 2 or 4?kg?m-2), wheat straw (0, 0.05 or 0.1?kg?m-2), fast release nitrogen (N) (0, 6 or 12?g?N?m-2 of ammonium sulfate), slow release N (0, 3 or 6?g?N?m-2 of coated ammonium nitrate), phosphorus (P) [0, 5 or 10?g phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5)?m-2 of lime superphosphate] and potassium (K) [0, 6 and 12?g potassium oxide (K2O)?m-2 as potassium sulfate]. Metabolite profiling was carried out using a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS), which yielded 62 and 67 metabolites in the leaves and the petioles, respectively. Metabolite peak areas were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). The first component accounted for 44.1% of the total variance and bore a close relationship to N. The third component accounted for 8.8% of the total variance and was used to distinguish between different levels of manure application. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) of treatment factor effects on individual metabolites showed that the three most significant factors, from highest to lowest, were N absorption, manure amendments and slow release N. The effects of the manure amendments were not fully explained by its attendant N, P or K inputs. This result raises the question as to what mechanisms may bring about the metabolic changes caused by the manure amendment. The current findings will serve to direct further studies on the relationship between crop quality and cultivation procedures and will lead to more efficient quality control methods.
• Plant Toxic Elements(Division 4: Plant Nutrition,Progress Review)

  Shinano T, Watanabe T  Journal of the science of soil and manure, Japan  82-  (6)  504  -510  2011/12/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 植物の有害元素

  信濃卓郎, 渡部敏裕  日本土壌肥料学雑誌  82-  (6)  504  -510  2011/12/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• SA-4 微生物全体から見たわずかな違いがもたらす植物生産性への意義(SA 微生物多様性研究の現状と可能性,シンポジウム)

  信濃 卓郎, 海野 祐介  日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集  (27)  38  -38  2011/10/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Ionomic response of Lotus japonicus to different root-zone temperatures

  QUADIR Quazi Forhad, WATANABE Toshihiro, CHEN Zheng, SHINANO Takuro, OSAKI Mitsuru  Abstracts of the meeting, the Society of the Science of Soil and Manure  57-  (57)  297  -297  2011/08/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-30 寒地向けトウモロコシにおいて低窒素ストレスが開花形質に及ぼす影響(9.植物の多量栄養素)

  齋藤 修平, 岡 紀邦, 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (57)  67  -67  2011/08/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11-32 タバコ培養細胞を用いたアルミニウムに応答した有機酸放出に伴う代謝変動の網羅的解析(11.植物の有害元素)

  山本 洋子, 信濃 卓郎, 中村 卓司, 岡崎 圭毅, 泉 洋平, 佐々木 孝行  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  57-  (57)  2011/08/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 12-17 堆肥および有機質肥料がコマツナの代謝プロファイルに与える影響の解析(12.植物の代謝成分と農作物の品質)

  岡崎 圭毅, 岡 紀邦, 齋藤 修平, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (57)  97  -97  2011/08/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 16-14 黒ボク土畑の土壌バイオマスリンとダイズ、スイートコーンのリン吸収量との関係(16.畑地土壌肥沃度)

  杉戸 智子, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (57)  120  -120  2011/08/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 16-19 アーバスキュラー菌根菌利用によるダイズ栽培でのリン酸減肥 : 牛ふん堆肥・鶏ふん堆肥・麦わら施用の影響(16.畑地土壌肥沃度)

  岡 紀邦, 岡崎 圭毅, 齋藤 修平, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (57)  122  -122  2011/08/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 22-7 植物のセシウムおよびストロンチウム集積特性の解析(22.環境保全)

  渡部 敏裕, 東 隆行, 岡田 遼介, 信濃 卓郎, 浦山 勝, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (57)  152  -152  2011/08/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• IX-3 土壌に根ざした作物栄養学の貢献 : 農業再考(IX 土壌科学を基盤とする学術の動向と展開Part 1作物の生産基盤として土壌科学,2011年度つくば大会講演要旨)

  信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (57)  240  -240  2011/08/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 12 飼料用トウモロコシにおいて異なる窒素施肥下における茎葉部消化性を反映したTDN収量変動の系統間差(北海道支部講演会,2010年度各支部会講演要旨)

  齋藤 修平, 岡 紀邦, 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (57)  289  -289  2011/08/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 32 分子生態学的手法によるテンサイ共生細菌の多様性解析(北海道支部講演会,2010年度各支部会講演要旨)

  池田 成志, 岡崎 和之, 黒田 洋輔, 田口 和憲, 高橋 宙之, 阿部 英幸, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (57)  296  -296  2011/08/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 34 トウモロコシにおけるストリゴラクトン類分泌プロファイルは共生・寄生生物の受容性と関係する(北海道支部講演会,2010年度各支部会講演要旨)

  石本 圭子, 米山 香織, 小林 創平, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 横田 孝雄, 米山 弘一, 江沢 辰広  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (57)  297  -297  2011/08/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 植物のセシウムおよびストロンチウム集積特性の解析

  渡部敏裕, 東隆行, 岡田遼介, 信濃卓郎, 浦山勝, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  57-  (57)  152  -152  2011/08/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 堆肥および有機質肥料がコマツナの代謝プロファイルに与える影響の解析

  岡崎圭毅, 岡紀邦, 齋藤修平, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  57-  (57)  97  -97  2011/08/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 黒ボク土畑の土壌バイオマスリンとダイズ,スイートコーンのリン吸収量との関係

  杉戸智子, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  57-  (57)  120  -120  2011/08/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• アーバスキュラー菌根菌利用によるダイズ栽培でのリン酸減肥 牛ふん堆肥・鶏ふん堆肥・麦わら施用の影響

  岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 齋藤修平, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  57-  (57)  122  -122  2011/08/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 飼料用トウモロコシにおいて異なる窒素施肥下における茎葉部消化性を反映したTDN収量変動の系統間差

  齋藤修平, 岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  57-  (57)  289  -289  2011/08/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 分子生態学的手法によるテンサイ共生細菌の多様性解析

  池田成志, 岡崎和之, 黒田洋輔, 田口和憲, 高橋宙之, 阿部英幸, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  57-  (57)  296  -296  2011/08/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• タバコ培養細胞を用いたアルミニウムに応答した有機酸放出に伴う代謝変動の網羅的解析

  山本洋子, 信濃卓郎, 中村卓司, 岡崎圭毅, 泉洋平, 佐々木孝行  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  57-  89  2011/08/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• トウモロコシにおけるストリゴラクトン類分泌プロファイルは共生・寄生生物の受容性と関係する

  石本圭子, 米山香織, 小林創平, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 横田孝雄, 米山弘一, 江沢辰広  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  57-  (57)  297  -297  2011/08/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 寒地向けトウモロコシにおいて低窒素ストレスが開花形質に及ぼす影響

  齋藤修平, 岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  57-  (57)  67  -67  2011/08/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 土壌に根ざした作物栄養学の貢献―農業再考―

  信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  57-  (57)  240  -240  2011/08/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• The Genotype of the Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Gene (CCaMK) Determines Bacterial Community Diversity in Rice Roots under Paddy and Upland Field Conditions

  Seishi Ikeda, Takashi Okubo, Naoya Takeda, Mari Banba, Kazuhiro Sasaki, Haruko Imaizumi-Anraku, Shinsuke Fujihara, Yoshinari Ohwaki, Kenshiro Ohshima, Yoshimichi Fukuta, Shima Eda, Hisayuki Mitsui, Masahira Hattori, Tadashi Sato, Takuro Shinano, Kiwamu Minamisawa  APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY  77-  (13)  4399  -4405  2011/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The effects of the Oryza sativa calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase OsCCaMK genotype (dominant homozygous [D], heterozygous [H], recessive homozygous [R]) on rice root-associated bacteria, including endophytes and epiphytes, were examined by using a Tos17 rice mutant line under paddy and upland field conditions. Roots were sampled at the flowering stage and were subjected to clone library analyses. The relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria was noticeably decreased in R plants under both paddy and upland conditions (0.8% and 3.0%, respectively) relative to those in D plants (10.3% and 17.4%, respectively). Population shifts of the Sphingomonadales and Rhizobiales were mainly responsible for this low abundance in R plants. The abundance of Anaerolineae (Chloroflexi) and Clostridia (Firmicutes) was increased in R plants under paddy conditions. The abundance of a subpopulation of Actinobacteria (Saccharothrix spp. and unclassified Actinosynnemataceae) was increased in R plants under upland conditions. Principal coordinate analysis revealed unidirectional community shifts in relation to OsCCaMK gene dosage under both conditions. In addition, shoot length, tiller number, and plant weight decreased as the OsCCaMK gene dosage decreased under upland conditions. These results suggest significant impacts of OsCCaMK on both the diversity of root-associated bacteria and rice plant growth under both paddy and upland field conditions.
• Use of science cafe as an information dispatch of NARCH

  信濃 卓郎  Japanese journal of science communication  (9)  73  -81  2011/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Ionomic response of Lotus japonicus to different root-zone temperatures

  Quazi Forhad Quadir, Toshihiro Watanabe, Zheng Chen, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  57-  (2)  221  -232  2011/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The effects of root-zone temperature (RZT) on the ion uptake, distribution and interactions of 21 (11 essential and 10 non-essential) elements using Lotus japonicus were studied. After acclimation in hydroponics at ambient (25 degrees C) RZT for three weeks, seedlings were exposed to sub-optimal (15 degrees C and 20 degrees C) and ambient RZTs. After one week, plants were harvested and then growth and mineral elements were analyzed. The highest shoot and root biomass was at 25 degrees C and lowest at 15 degrees C RZT. In shoots, the highest concentrations of all elements, except for nickel (Ni), were at 25 degrees C RZT. At lower RZTs, the reductions in concentrations were more evident especially for trace elements and heavy metals. Except for magnesium (Mg), the highest root concentrations were at 15 degrees C RZT for all essential elements. Unlike other non-essential elements, the highest cadmium (Cd) and cobalt (Co) concentrations in roots were at 25 degrees C RZT. The shoot/root ratios of almost all elements were affected by sub-optimal RZTs. Only manganese (Mn) and Co showed increased shoot/root ratio at sub-optimal RZTs; and this ratio decreased for other elements. Nickel in shoots and Mn, Co and Cd in roots tended to be negatively correlated with most other elements (either, essential or non-essential) in each respective organ. The present study showed that RZT significantly changed the ion profile of L. japonicus and suggests possible connection between global warming and phyto-accumulation of heavy metals, especially in temperate regions, since most metals tended to accumulate in shoots at higher RZT.
• 寒地向きサイレージ用トウモロコシ新旧品種における推定TDN収量と各種形質との相関解析:寒温年・暖温年2か年間の解析

  齋藤修平, 濃沼圭一, 伊東栄作, 小松敏憲, 岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎  日本草地学会誌  57-  204  2011/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• LjMOT1 is a major molybdate transporter of Lotus for taking up molybdate from soil

  52nd-  342  2011/03/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 土壌中難利用性リン利用能のシロイヌナズナ自然系統間比較解析

  古谷あゆ美, 丸山隼人, 小島創一, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  52nd-  355  2011/03/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 市販セルラーゼ剤を用いたピーマンハウス栽培におけるトウガラシマイルドモットルウイルス防除の試み

  岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 齋藤修平, 信濃卓郎  日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集  2011-  199  2011/03/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• リン欠乏及びアルミニウム障害時におけるシロイヌナズナ根浸出物の解析

  丸山隼人, 佐々木孝行, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  52nd-  355  2011/03/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Autoregulation of Nodulation Interferes with Impacts of Nitrogen Fertilization Levels on the Leaf-Associated Bacterial Community in Soybeans

  Seishi Ikeda, Mizue Anda, Shoko Inaba, Shima Eda, Shusei Sato, Kazuhiro Sasaki, Satoshi Tabata, Hisayuki Mitsui, Tadashi Sato, Takuro Shinano, Kiwamu Minamisawa  APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY  77-  (6)  1973  -1980  2011/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The diversities leaf-associated bacteria on nonnodulated (Nod(-)), wild-type nodulated (Nod(+)), and hypernodulated (Nod(+) (+)) soybeans were evaluated by clone library analyses of the 16S rRNA gene. To analyze the impact of nitrogen fertilization on the bacterial leaf community, soybeans were treated with standard nitrogen (SN) (15 kg N ha(-1)) or heavy nitrogen (HN) (615 kg N ha(-1)) fertilization. Under SN fertilization, the relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria was significantly higher in Nod(-) and Nod(+) (+) soybeans (82% to 96%) than in Nod(+) soybeans (54%). The community structure of leaf-associated bacteria in Nod(+) soybeans was almost unaffected by the levels of nitrogen fertilization. However, differences were visible in Nod(-) and Nod(+) (+) soybeans. HN fertilization drastically decreased the relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria in Nod(-) and Nod(+) (+) soybeans (46% to 76%) and, conversely, increased those of Gammaproteobacteria and Firmicutes in these mutant soybeans. In the Alphaproteobacteria, cluster analyses identified two operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (Aurantimonas sp. and Methylobacterium sp.) that were especially sensitive to nodulation phenotypes under SN fertilization and to nitrogen fertilization levels. Arbuscular mycorrhizal infection was not observed on the root tissues examined, presumably due to the rotation of paddy and upland fields. These results suggest that a subpopulation of leaf-associated bacteria in wild-type Nod(+) soybeans is controlled in similar ways through the systemic regulation of autoregulation of nodulation, which interferes with the impacts of N levels on the bacterial community of soybean leaves.
• Pesticide and chemicals playing important roles in clean agriculture

  Hashidoko Yasuyuki, Shinano Takuro  J. Pestic. Sci.  36-  (1)  106  -107  2011  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Pesticide and chemicals playing important roles in clean agriculture

  Yasuyuki Hashidoko, Takuro Shinano  JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE  36-  (1)  106  -107  2011  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 31 伏流式人工湿地システムによる超高濃度排水の再生と循環(北海道支部講演会,2010年度各支部会講演要旨)

  加藤 邦彦, 宮地 直道, 岡崎 圭毅, 中山 尊登, 眞岡 哲夫, 信濃 卓郎, 井上 京, 家次 秀浩, 横田 岳史, 木場 稔信, 佐々木 仁, 後藤 友美, プラディープ シャルマ, 北川 勝治  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  57-  (0)  296  -296  2011  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 飽和土壌中の一酸化二窒素濃度の低温領域での温度依存性と凍結・融解の効果

  岩田幸良, 海野佑介, 清水真理子, 柳井洋介, 関口萌子, 矢崎友嗣, 波多野隆介, 信濃卓郎  土壌物理学会大会講演要旨集(CD-ROM)  53rd-  ROMBUNNO.P05  2011  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 伏流式人工湿地システムによる超高濃度排水の再生と循環

  加藤邦彦, 井上京, 家次秀浩, 横田岳史, 木場稔信, 佐々木仁, 後藤友美, シャルマ プラディープ, 北川勝治, 宮地直道, 岡崎圭毅, 中山尊登, 眞岡哲夫, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  57-  (0)  296  -296  2011  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 1A-8 Molecular diversity of bacterial community in the phyllosphere of sugar beet(Oral Session)

  IKEDA SEISHI, OKAZAKI KAZUYUKI, TAKAHASHI HIROYUKI, KURODA YOSUKE, TAGUCHI KAZUNORI, ABE HIDEYUKI, SHINANO TAKURO  日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集  (26)  64  -64  2010/11/23  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Molecular diversity of bacterial community in the phyllosphere of sugar beet

  26th-  64  2010/11/23  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 植物根圏微生物メタゲノム解析に向けて

  信濃卓郎, 海野佑介  土と微生物  64-  (2)  70  -71  2010/10/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  安定的な農業生産を持続するためには,資源の有効利用技術の確立が必須である。特にリン酸肥料に関しては資源であるリン鉱石の枯渇が問題となっており(Steen, 1998),我々は土壌中に残存しているリン化合物の効率的な循環利用方策の確立を目指している。特にフィチン酸に着目した研究を進めており,根圏において植物根と土壌微生物によりフィチン酸が効率的に分解される機作を明らかにするために,メタゲノム解析手法の導入に取り組んでいる。土壌微生物は極めて多様かつ多量であり,多くの土壌微生物が難培養性であることから,その全体としての機能を評価するためにメタゲノム解析は有効な手法になると考えている。遺伝子配列よって推定される機能の変動パターンが土壌の物質動態とどのように結びつくのかを明らかにすることを試みている。
• Microbial effects on soil phytate utilization by leguminous plants

  20th-  82  2010/09/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 1-17 黒ボク土に立地するカラマツ林の養分制限 : in-growth bag法による養分制限の決定(1.物質循環・動態,2010年度北海道大会)

  中原 治, 石倉 究, 花田 健太郎, 竹内 史子, 高橋 正通, 永田 修, 杉戸 智子, 信濃 卓郎, 渋谷 正人, 波多野 隆介  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  56-  6  -6  2010/09/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-1 リン欠乏条件下におけるダイズの根の浸出物の代謝産物プロファイリング(9.植物の多量栄養素,2010年度北海道大会)

  堀江 亮太, 信濃 卓郎, 我妻 忠雄, 程 為国, 斉藤 和季, 及川 彰, 俵谷 圭太郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (56)  54  -54  2010/09/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 1-17 黒ボク土に立地するカラマツ林の養分制限 : in-growth bag法による養分制限の決定(1.物質循環・動態,2010年度北海道大会)

  中原 治, 石倉 究, 花田 健太郎, 竹内 史子, 高橋 正通, 永田 修, 杉戸 智子, 信濃 卓郎, 渋谷 正人, 波多野 隆介  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  56-  (56)  6  -6  2010/09/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 8-24 長期連用圃場土壌に栽培したミヤコグサ根圏微生物叢解析 : 複数の植物,土壌を対象とした比較根圏メタゲノム解析に向けて(8.共生,2010年度北海道大会)

  海野 佑介, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (56)  51  -51  2010/09/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11-21 アルミニウムが糖代謝におよぼす影響 : タバコ細胞における代謝変動の網羅的解析(11.植物の有害元素,2010年度北海道大会)

  山本 洋子, 信濃 卓郎, 中村 卓司, 岡崎 圭毅, 泉 洋平, 佐々木 孝行  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  56-  (56)  81  -81  2010/09/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 12-4 網羅的代謝成分解析による有機農産物の特性解明 : 2.糖・有機酸・アミノ酸プロファイルと各種栽培条件における窒素吸収量の関係(12.植物の代謝成分と農産物の品質,2010年度北海道大会)

  岡崎 圭毅, 杉川 陽一, 中辻 敏朗, 田中 福代, 岡 紀邦, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (56)  91  -91  2010/09/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P16-7 有機質肥料適応型トウモロコシ品種・系統の選抜(ポスター紹介,16.畑地土壌肥よく度,2010年度北海道大会)

  太平 佳菜, 海野 佑介, 岡崎 圭毅, 岡 紀邦, 小林 創平, 濃沼 圭一, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (56)  122  -122  2010/09/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 19-21 アーバスキュラー菌根菌利用によるダイズ栽培でのリン酸減肥 : 有機物施用の影響(19.肥料および施肥法,2010年度北海道大会)

  岡 紀邦, 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (56)  136  -136  2010/09/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6 耕起法及び施肥・麦わら施用が秋まき小麦の生育量および収量に及ぼす影響(北海道支部講演会,2009年度各支部会)

  杉戸 智子, 永田 修, 小林 創平, 矢崎 友嗣, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (56)  239  -239  2010/09/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11 アーバスキュラー菌根菌宿主作物の前作効果に及ぼす堆肥施用の影響(北海道支部講演会,2009年度各支部会)

  岡 紀邦, 岡崎 圭毅, 建部 雅子, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (56)  241  -241  2010/09/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 19 異なる貧栄養土壌における三種の植物の生育調査(北海道支部講演会,2009年度各支部会)

  坂本 健治, 海野 佑介, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (56)  244  -244  2010/09/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 22 ヒ素ストレスに対する植物の代謝応答解析(北海道支部講演会,2009年度各支部会)

  中村 考志, 渡部 敏裕, 岡崎 圭毅, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (56)  245  -245  2010/09/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 黒ボク土に立地するカラマツ林の養分制限 in‐growth bag法による養分制限の決定

  中原治, 石倉究, 花田健太郎, 竹内史子, 高橋正通, 永田修, 杉戸智子, 信濃卓郎, 渋谷正人, 波多野隆介  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  56-  6  -6  2010/09/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 耕起法及び施肥・麦わら施用が秋まき小麦の生育量および収量に及ぼす影響

  杉戸智子, 永田修, 小林創平, 矢崎友嗣, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  56-  239  2010/09/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 有機質肥料適応型トウモロコシ品種・系統の選抜

  太平佳菜, 海野佑介, 岡崎圭毅, 岡紀邦, 小林創平, 濃沼圭一, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  56-  (56)  122  -122  2010/09/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 長期連用圃場土壌に栽培したミヤコグサ根圏微生物叢解析―複数の植物,土壌を対象とした比較根圏メタゲノム解析に向けて―

  海野佑介, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  56-  51  2010/09/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 網羅的代謝成分解析による有機濃産物の特性解明 2.糖・有機酸・アミノ酸プロファイルと各種栽培条件における窒素吸収量の関係

  岡崎圭毅, 杉川陽一, 中辻敏朗, 田中福代, 岡紀邦, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  56-  (56)  91  -91  2010/09/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 異なる貧栄養土壌における三種の植物の生育調査

  坂本健治, 海野佑介, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  56-  (56)  244  -244  2010/09/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• リン欠乏条件下におけるダイズの根の浸出物の代謝産物プロファイリング

  堀江亮太, 信濃卓郎, 我妻忠雄, 程為国, 斉藤和季, 及川彰, 俵谷圭太郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  56-  (56)  54  -54  2010/09/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• アルミニウムが糖代謝におよぼす影響 タバコ細胞における代謝変動の網羅的解析

  山本洋子, 信濃卓郎, 中村卓司, 岡崎圭毅, 泉洋平, 佐々木孝行  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  56-  81  -81  2010/09/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• アーバスキュラー菌根菌利用によるダイズ栽培でのリン酸減肥 有機物施用の影響

  岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  56-  136  2010/09/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• アーバスキュラー菌根菌宿主作物の前作効果に及ぼす堆肥施用の影響

  岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 建部雅子, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  56-  241  2010/09/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ヒ素ストレスに対する植物の代謝応答解析

  中村考志, 渡部敏裕, 岡崎圭毅, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  56-  (56)  245  -245  2010/09/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Metabolite profiling of Raphanus sativus L. to evaluate the effects of manure amendment

  Keiki Okazaki, Takuro Shinano, Norikuni Oka, Masako Takebe  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  56-  (4)  591  -600  2010/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Organic soil amendments attract considerable attention, given their potential to promote nutrient recycling and contribute to reducing CO(2) emissions. To evaluate their effects on quality characteristics of agricultural products, we comprehensively analyzed the metabolite compositions of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) leaves and roots using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A field experiment arranged in a split-plot design investigated the effect of three levels of composted dairy manure amendments (0, 2 and 4 kg m-2; main plot) factorially combined with three levels of inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilization (0, 6 and 12 g N m-2 as ammonium sulfate; subplots) on radish metabolites. For both leaf and root metabolites, a principal component analysis was applied to all 124 metabolite peaks revealed by the GC/MS analysis. The first principal component accounted for 46.3% of the total variance and indicated a close relationship between metabolite profiles and inorganic-N (N(inorg)) application rates, whereas the second principal component, accounting for 14.6% of the total variance, pointed to a close relationship between the metabolite profiles and the manure application rates. Leaf metabolites were more sensitive to inorganic-N and manure rates than root metabolites. Amino acids in roots and leaves showed a close relationship with N(inorg) application rates, whereas the response to the level of manure was not clear. Organic acids in leaves were closely related to both N(inorg) and manure levels. With increased amounts of applied manure, the concentrations of malic acid, myo-inositol-phosphate and sucrose decreased, whereas the concentrations of shikimic acid, arabinose and L-methionine increased. The observation that radish metabolites clearly differed under different application rates of both N(inorg) and manure will prove useful in improving and distinguishing the quality of agricultural products grown using organic fertilizers.
• Impact of plant genotype and nitrogen level on rice growth response to inoculation with Azospirillum sp. strain B510 under paddy field conditions

  Kazuhiro Sasaki, Seishi Ikeda, Shima Eda, Hisayuki Mitsui, Eiko Hanzawa, Chiharu Kisara, Yuri Kazama, Atsuhiko Kushida, Takuro Shinano, Kiwamu Minamisawa, Tadashi Sato  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  56-  (4)  636  -644  2010/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Twenty rice cultivars, including three genetically-distinct groups (japonica, indica-1, and indica-2), were evaluated for their response to inoculation with Azospirillum sp. strain B510 in paddy fields with standard nitrogen (SN) and low nitrogen (LN) fertilization. In the SN field, the tiller numbers in most indica-2 cultivars, 37 days after transplanting (DAT), were significantly increased by the B510 inoculation, whereas those in 4 japonica cultivars were significantly decreased. A similar growth response was observed in the LN field, although the impacts of the B510 inoculation were more varied than in the SN field. At 58 DAT, the tiller numbers in most cultivars were lower or unaffected by the B510 inoculation under both SN and LN conditions, except that the tiller number of the Nipponbare cultivar, which is classified as japonica, was significantly higher in the LN field only. These results suggest that the effects of inoculation with Azospirillum sp. strain B510 on the growth of rice plants, especially on tiller numbers at the early growth stage, vary depending on the rice genotype, as well as nitrogen level. Therefore, the plant genotypes, growth stages, and fertilization managements must be considered when a plant-associated bacterium is evaluated for beneficial effects under field conditions.
• Metabolite profiling of Raphanus sativus L. to evaluate the effects of manure amendment

  Keiki Okazaki, Takuro Shinano, Norikuni Oka, Masako Takebe  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  56-  (4)  591  -600  2010/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Organic soil amendments attract considerable attention, given their potential to promote nutrient recycling and contribute to reducing CO(2) emissions. To evaluate their effects on quality characteristics of agricultural products, we comprehensively analyzed the metabolite compositions of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) leaves and roots using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A field experiment arranged in a split-plot design investigated the effect of three levels of composted dairy manure amendments (0, 2 and 4 kg m-2; main plot) factorially combined with three levels of inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilization (0, 6 and 12 g N m-2 as ammonium sulfate; subplots) on radish metabolites. For both leaf and root metabolites, a principal component analysis was applied to all 124 metabolite peaks revealed by the GC/MS analysis. The first principal component accounted for 46.3% of the total variance and indicated a close relationship between metabolite profiles and inorganic-N (N(inorg)) application rates, whereas the second principal component, accounting for 14.6% of the total variance, pointed to a close relationship between the metabolite profiles and the manure application rates. Leaf metabolites were more sensitive to inorganic-N and manure rates than root metabolites. Amino acids in roots and leaves showed a close relationship with N(inorg) application rates, whereas the response to the level of manure was not clear. Organic acids in leaves were closely related to both N(inorg) and manure levels. With increased amounts of applied manure, the concentrations of malic acid, myo-inositol-phosphate and sucrose decreased, whereas the concentrations of shikimic acid, arabinose and L-methionine increased. The observation that radish metabolites clearly differed under different application rates of both N(inorg) and manure will prove useful in improving and distinguishing the quality of agricultural products grown using organic fertilizers.
• Tolerance of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Echinochloa Weeds to Growth Suppression by Rice Straw Added to Paddy Soil in Relation to Iron Toxicity

  Takuhito Nozoe, Takuro Shinano, Masaaki Tachibana, Akira Uchino  PLANT PRODUCTION SCIENCE  13-  (3)  314  -318  2010/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The effects of addition of rice straw to submerged soil on the emergence and growth of rice (Oryza saliva L.) and two paddy weeds (Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing. and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. van crus-galli) were investigated. Rice straw suppressed both the emergence and growth of transplanted plants depending on the amount of rice straw added (0%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% (w/w)) in the order of E. crus-galli > E. oryzicola > rice. The severe suppression of emergence and growth of E. crus-galli in the presence of 0.9% rice straw in hydroponic culture was thought to be due to high Fe content of the shoots. Since the difference in tolerance for the toxicity of rice straw is an important factor, the addition of organic materials into soil may help to suppress Echinochloa weeds selectively.
• トウモロコシにおけるアーバスキュラー菌根菌感染率の品種・系統間差

  小林創平, 安起弘, 村木正則, 唐澤敏彦, 江澤辰広, 濃沼圭一, 信濃卓郎  研究成果情報 北海道農業  2009-  206  -207  2010/06/30  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 土壌リン酸肥沃度と前作物からみたダイズ栽培でのリン酸減肥可能性

  岡紀邦, 唐澤敏彦, 建部雅子, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎  研究成果情報 北海道農業  2009-  204  -205  2010/06/30  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 北海道十勝地方における不耕作地の分布と土壌化学性

  小林創平, 高橋宙之, 仁平恒夫, 信濃卓郎  研究成果情報 北海道農業  2009-  86  -87  2010/06/30  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Soil microbial biomass phosphorus as an indicator of phosphorus availability in a Gleyic Andosol

  Tomoko Sugito, Koji Yoshida, Masako Takebe, Takuro Shinano, Koki Toyota  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  56-  (3)  390  -398  2010/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The relationship between plant phosphorus (P) uptake and soil microbial biomass phosphorus (biomass P) or available phosphorus (Truog P) was estimated in a Gleyic Andosol in Sapporo, Hokkaido, in a 4-year field trial (2004-2007). Every year, the soil was treated in duplicate (each plot 36 m2) or triplicate (each plot 24 m2) with chemical fertilizer, cow manure compost or sewage sludge compost, and then kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were planted. Pooled data of the shoot content of P at harvest over the 4 years was significantly correlated with biomass P determined 1 month after the application of fertilizer (P < 0.01). A multivariate analysis revealed that the grain yield was significantly positively correlated with the shoot content of P (P < 0.01) and significantly negatively correlated with the shoot content of calcium (P < 0.05), but not correlated with the shoot content of either nitrogen or potassium. These results suggest that P is the most limiting element to affect the productivity of kidney bean plants in this trial and that biomass P is an important P source that explains the differences in P availability among soil amendments. Biomass P is a better indicator of P availability for kidney beans grown in Gleyic Andosols compared with Truog P, which is widely used in Japan.
• 植物根圏微生物のメタゲノム解析に向けて

  信濃卓郎, 海野佑介  日本土壌微生物学会講演要旨集  2010-  4  2010/05/21  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Responses of mineral stress in higher plants

  Makino Amane, YAMAYA Tomoyuki, KAMATA Atsushi, OCHIAI Kumiko, KOYAMA Hiroyuki, MA Jian Feng, WATANABE Toshihiro  Journal of the science of soil and manure, Japan  81-  (2)  181  -189  2010/04/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  第4部門でのシンポジウム企画の目的を述べる前に、当該部門における部会再編の経過を説明する。第4部門では、かねてより、植物栄養学研究の進展と成果を共有したいと言う要望が多く、現在の部会編成が必ずしもその要望に答えるものではない、という意見があった。一方、一つの部会「植物の無機栄養」が極端に肥大化してしまい、一部門の年会発表総数が部門総発表数の60％を超える事態も生じていた。そんな中、2007年の東京大会では、そのような会員の要望に応えて第4部門の一会場開催も試みた。この試み概ね高い評価を受け、継続の要望も多かったが、諸般の事情により2008年の名古屋大会では継続されなかった。また、今年度の京都大会においては、会場の都合上、第4部門一会場開催は不可能となった。
• 植物のミネラルストレス応答

  牧野周, 山谷知行, 鎌田淳, 落合久美子, 小山博之, 信濃卓郎, MA Jian Feng, 渡部敏裕  日本土壌肥料学雑誌  81-  (2)  181  -189  2010/04/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  第4部門でのシンポジウム企画の目的を述べる前に、当該部門における部会再編の経過を説明する。第4部門では、かねてより、植物栄養学研究の進展と成果を共有したいと言う要望が多く、現在の部会編成が必ずしもその要望に答えるものではない、という意見があった。一方、一つの部会「植物の無機栄養」が極端に肥大化してしまい、一部門の年会発表総数が部門総発表数の60％を超える事態も生じていた。そんな中、2007年の東京大会では、そのような会員の要望に応えて第4部門の一会場開催も試みた。この試み概ね高い評価を受け、継続の要望も多かったが、諸般の事情により2008年の名古屋大会では継続されなかった。また、今年度の京都大会においては、会場の都合上、第4部門一会場開催は不可能となった。
• Promotion of root growth by the application of inosine

  Dai Tokuhisa, Takuro Shinano, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuya Yamamura, Mitsuru Osaki  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  56-  (2)  272  -280  2010/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The aim of the present study was to verify the effect of inosine on plant growth. Rice (Oryza sativa L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedlings were grown in a hydroponic system with different added concentrations of inosine (0, 7.2, 72 and 373 mu mol L-1) in a greenhouse. The application of inosine improved the growth of all plant parts, particularly roots, except for soybean. The optimum inosine concentration for plant growth was 72 mu mol L-1. Furthermore, in rice, tomato and sunflower, treatment with inosine increased root length. To confirm the effect of inosine, an aseptic experiment was carried out using rice plants in a hydroponic system and using tomato in a rhizobox system with sterile soil. The positive effect of inosine was also confirmed under aseptic conditions in rice and tomato, indicating that inosine directly enhances plant growth without microbial decomposition.
• Promotion of root growth by the application of inosine

  Dai Tokuhisa, Takuro Shinano, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuya Yamamura, Mitsuru Osaki  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  56-  (2)  272  -280  2010/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The aim of the present study was to verify the effect of inosine on plant growth. Rice (Oryza sativa L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedlings were grown in a hydroponic system with different added concentrations of inosine (0, 7.2, 72 and 373 mu mol L-1) in a greenhouse. The application of inosine improved the growth of all plant parts, particularly roots, except for soybean. The optimum inosine concentration for plant growth was 72 mu mol L-1. Furthermore, in rice, tomato and sunflower, treatment with inosine increased root length. To confirm the effect of inosine, an aseptic experiment was carried out using rice plants in a hydroponic system and using tomato in a rhizobox system with sterile soil. The positive effect of inosine was also confirmed under aseptic conditions in rice and tomato, indicating that inosine directly enhances plant growth without microbial decomposition.
• メタボローム解析手法による選抜マーカーの探索

  岡崎圭毅, 室崇人, 岡紀邦, 信濃卓郎  園芸学研究 別冊  9-  (1)  338  2010/03/21  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• イネからの根分泌タンパク質のプロテオーム解析

  信濃卓郎, 吉村誠子, KONG Fan‐Jiang, 徳竹俊二, 小松節子, 渡部敏裕, 大崎満, 和崎淳  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  51st-  349  2010/03/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 生物機能を活用した環境負荷低減技術の開発 第6編 生物機能活用による肥料削減技術の開発 第1章 微生物の利用による肥料の削減技術の開発 2 VA菌根菌利用によるリン酸肥料等の削減技術の開発(1)寒地畑輪作における土着VA菌根菌の増殖・利用法とリン酸減肥技術の開発

  岡紀邦, 唐澤敏彦, 岡崎圭毅, 建部雅子, 信濃卓郎  農林水産省農林水産技術会議事務局研究成果  (479)  495  -497  2010/02/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 代謝プロファイリングによる窒素施肥および有機物施用効果の評価

  岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 岡紀邦, 建部雅子  農研機構北海道農業研究センター成果情報(Web)  2010-  2010
• イネの根の分泌タンパク質データベース

  信濃卓郎, 岡紀邦, 小松節子  農研機構北海道農業研究センター成果情報(Web)  2010-  2010
• イノシンの施用は水耕栽培において作物の根の発育を促進する

  信濃卓郎  農研機構北海道農業研究センター成果情報(Web)  2010-  2010
• 黒ボク土の土壌バイオマスリンはインゲンマメのリン吸収量の指標の一つとなる

  杉戸智子, 信濃卓郎, 吉田光二, 建部雅子, 豊田剛己  農研機構北海道農業研究センター成果情報(Web)  2010-  2010
• 植物根圏微生物のメタゲノム解析に向けて

  信濃卓郎, 海野佑介  土と微生物  64-  70  -71  2010  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Differences in growth suppression of rice, Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing. and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. var. crus-galli by addition of straw to paddy Soil.

  Nozoe, T, Shinano, T, Tachibana, T, Uchino, A  Plant Production Science  13-  (3)  314  -318  2010  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Toward the metagenome analysis on rhizosphere microbiome

  Shinano Takuro, Unno Yusuke  Soil Microorganisms  64-  (2)  70  -71  2010  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  安定的な農業生産を持続するためには,資源の有効利用技術の確立が必須である。特にリン酸肥料に関しては資源であるリン鉱石の枯渇が問題となっており(Steen, 1998),我々は土壌中に残存しているリン化合物の効率的な循環利用方策の確立を目指している。特にフィチン酸に着目した研究を進めており,根圏において植物根と土壌微生物によりフィチン酸が効率的に分解される機作を明らかにするために,メタゲノム解析手法の導入に取り組んでいる。土壌微生物は極めて多様かつ多量であり,多くの土壌微生物が難培養性であることから,その全体としての機能を評価するためにメタゲノム解析は有効な手法になると考えている。遺伝子配列よって推定される機能の変動パターンが土壌の物質動態とどのように結びつくのかを明らかにすることを試みている。
• P-27 植物根圏を対象としたメタゲノム解析に向けた土壌微生物DNA獲得法の検討(ポスター発表)

  坂本 健治, 海野 佑介, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎  日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集  (25)  64  -64  2009/11/21  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 無菌条件下におけるイノシン施与が根の生長に与える影響

  TOKUHISADAI, YAMAMURA Takuya, SHINANO Takuro, WATANABE Toshihiro, YOKOI Daisuke, OOSAKI Mitsuru  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  55-  (55)  246  -246  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Characterization of a Lotus japonicus mutant showing strong reduction in Molybdenum accumulation

  Lombardo Fabien, Miwa Hiroki, Sato Shusei, Tabata Satoshi, Chen Zheng, Watanabe Toshihiro, Shinano Takuro, Fujiwara Toru  Abstracts of the meeting, the Society of the Science of Soil and Manure  55-  (55)  88  -88  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-18 リン欠乏条件下におけるイネの根の浸出物のメタボローム解析(9.植物の多量栄養素,2009年度京都大会)

  堀江 亮太, 齋藤 綾希子, 信濃 卓郎, 我妻 忠雄, 斉藤 和季, 及川 彰, 俵谷 圭太郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (55)  70  -70  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• II-5 網羅的元素分析による非必須元素吸収解析手法の開発(II 植物のミネラルストレス応答,シンポジウム,2009年度京都大会)

  信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (55)  217  -217  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-12 メタゲノム解析手法を用いた根圏微生物群集によるフィチン酸態リン可給化機構の解析(6.土壌生物,2009年度京都大会)

  海野 佑介, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (55)  41  -41  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 8-17 アーバスキュラー菌根菌利用によるリン酸減肥の可能性 : 圃場間の比較(8.共生,2009年度京都大会)

  岡 紀邦, 岡崎 圭毅, 建部 雅子, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (55)  60  -60  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-14 窒素、リン酸、カリウム、イオウ欠乏ミヤコグサにおける遺伝子発現変動の網羅的解析(9.植物の多量栄養素,2009年度京都大会)

  和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 小山 博之  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (55)  69  -69  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-16 シロバナルーピン由来酸性ホスファターゼ及びフィターゼ過剰発現タバコにおける土壌中有機態リンの利用(9.植物の多量栄養素,2009年度京都大会)

  丸山 隼人, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 和崎 淳, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (55)  70  -70  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P11-14 モエジマシダのヒ素耐性メカニズム : チオール化合物の寄与(ポスター紹介,11.植物の有害元素,2009年度京都大会)

  酒井 有希, 渡部 敏裕, 中村 孝志, 石川 覚, 平舘 俊太郎, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (55)  102  -102  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 12-7 長崎県水稲葉枯れ症の発症要因の解明 : 代謝産物プロファイリングを利用したバイオマーカー探索(12.植物の代謝成分と農作物の品質,2009年度京都大会)

  岡崎 圭毅, 藤原 伸介, 藤山 正史, 岡 紀邦, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (55)  105  -105  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P12-3 短節間カボチャTC-2Aの水田転換畑栽培での最適窒素施肥量の提示と汁液診断法の検討(ポスター紹介,12.植物の代謝成分と農作物の品質,2009年度京都大会)

  杉戸 智子, 杉山 慶太, 村上 則幸, 辻 博之, 建部 雅子, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (55)  107  -107  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P12-6 GC/MSを用いた用途の異なるダイズ品種の種子の代謝産物プロファイリング(ポスター紹介,12.植物の代謝成分と農作物の品質,2009年度京都大会)

  中村 卓司, 岡崎 圭毅, 山本 亮, 平賀 勧, 島村 聡, 信濃 卓郎, 羽鹿 牧太, 小松 節子  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  55-  (55)  108  -108  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P20-1 イネ科植物における有機質資材からの窒素獲得(ポスター紹介,20.土壌改良資材,2009年度京都大会)

  横手 美彌, 櫻井 道彦, 榎本 匠, 信濃 卓郎, 関 一人, 岸野 正典, 佐藤 真由美, 大崎 満, 渡部 敏裕  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (55)  162  -162  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11 無菌条件下におけるイノシン施与が根の生長に与える影響(北海道支部講演会,2008年度各支部会)

  トクヒサ ダイ, 山村 卓也, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕, 横井 大輔, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (55)  246  -246  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 12 リン酸アルミニウム可溶化能を有する細菌の単離および性状解析(北海道支部講演会,2008年度各支部会)

  海野 佑介, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (55)  246  -246  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• モエジマシダのヒ素耐性メカニズム チオール化合物の寄与

  酒井有希, 渡部敏裕, 中村孝志, 石川覚, 平舘俊太郎, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  55-  (55)  102  -102  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 短節間カボチャTC‐2Aの水田転換畑栽培での最適窒素施肥量の提示と汁液診断法の検討

  杉戸智子, 杉山慶太, 村上則幸, 辻博之, 建部雅子, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  55-  (55)  107  -107  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• メタゲノム解析手法を用いた根圏微生物群集によるフィチン酸態リン可給化機構の解析

  海野佑介, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  55-  (55)  41  -41  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• リン酸アルミニウム可溶化能を有する細菌の単離および性状解析

  海野佑介, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  55-  246  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• リン欠乏条件下におけるイネの根の浸出物のメタボローム解析

  堀江亮太, 齋藤綾希子, 信濃卓郎, 我妻忠雄, 斉藤和季, 及川彰, 俵谷圭太郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  55-  (55)  70  -70  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 網羅的元素分析による非必須元素吸収解析手法の開発

  信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  55-  (55)  217  -217  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 長崎県水稲葉枯れ症の発症要因の解明 代謝産物プロファイリングを利用したバイオマーカー探索

  岡崎圭毅, 藤原伸介, 藤山正史, 岡紀邦, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  55-  (55)  105  -105  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• イネ科植物における有機質資材からの窒素獲得

  横手美彌, 櫻井道彦, 榎本匠, 信濃卓郎, 関一人, 岸野正典, 佐藤真由美, 大崎満, 渡部敏裕  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  55-  (55)  162  -162  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• アーバスキュラー菌根菌利用によるリン酸減肥の可能性 圃場間の比較

  岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 建部雅子, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  55-  (55)  60  -60  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 窒素,リン酸,カリウム,イオウ欠乏ミヤコグサにおける遺伝子発現変動の網羅的解析

  和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 小山博之  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  55-  69  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• シロバナルーピン由来酸性ホスファターゼ及びフィターゼ過剰発現タバコにおける土壌中有様態リンの利用

  丸山隼人, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  55-  (55)  70  -70  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• GC/MSを用いた用途の異なるダイズ品種の種子の代謝産物プロファイリング

  中村卓司, 岡崎圭毅, 山本亮, 平賀勧, 島村聡, 信濃卓郎, 羽鹿牧太, 小松節子  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  55-  108  -108  2009/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 市販セルラーゼ剤によるトウガラシマイルドモットルウイルスの感染抑制

  岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 建部雅子, 信濃卓郎  日本植物病理学会報  75-  (3)  249  2009/08/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry associated global analysis of rice root exudates under aseptical conditions

  Katsumasa Suzuki, Keiki Okazaki, Keitaro Tawaraya, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  55-  (4)  505  -513  2009/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Components of rice root exudates were surveyed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the effect of phosphate (P) starvation was investigated. Rice seedlings were aseptically grown in controlled environments under P-supplied (+P) or P-deficient (-P) conditions. Root exudates were collected from the culture solution 4 and 8 days after treatment (D4 and D8, respectively), which contain the first and second 4-day intervals. The collected solution was lyophilized and then eluted with methanol. In the present study, primary metabolites, such as sugars, amino acids, organic acids and fatty acids, were mainly targeted. After derivatization with methoxyamine hydrochloride and N-methyl-N-trifluoroacetamide, the samples were analyzed by GC-MS. Sugars and various amino acids (such as aspartic acid and l-isoleucine) were mainly detected and the components changed with the growth stage rather than the P content in the culture solution. The relative amount of sugars (such as glucose and fructose) and amino acids (such as aspartic acid and l-isoleucine) decreased in the D8 samples. Of the 78 detected compounds, orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis (O-PLS-DA) showed that four compounds were related to the P content of the nutrient solution and 58 were related to the sampling date (days after treatment). The results suggest that the physiological change during seedling development was unexpectedly large and that the response to the environment was rather small.
• Metabolite profiling of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves by altering the ratio of NH(4)(+)/NO(3)(-) in the culture solution

  Keiki Okazaki, Norikuni Oka, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki, Masako Takebe  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  55-  (4)  496  -504  2009/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  To observe the effect of different forms of N, we have applied metabolic profiling using gas chromatography mass spectrometry to evaluate the metabolite composition of spinach. The aim of the present study was to find an appropriate indicator of overall metabolic response to N source. The effect of the NH4+/NO3- ratio on spinach tissue was investigated, comparing two cultivars that differed in their ability to use N. There was wide variation in NH4+/NO3- absorption without any distinct growth inhibition in either cultivar. Statistical analysis revealed that the metabolites could be broadly divided into two types, correlating either positively or negatively with NH4+ uptake in the culture solution. Principal component analysis (PCA) was an effective tool that extracted the indexes of the effect of the ratio of N forms as PCA scores. Close relationships between metabolite profiles and NH4+ uptake were observed, indicating that metabolic profiling is able to distinguish the invisible metabolic change in mature leaves of spinach and may provide a new tool for the investigation of quality features or rhizosphere nutritional condition.
• Metabolite profiling of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves by altering the ratio of NH(4)(+)/NO(3)(-) in the culture solution

  Keiki Okazaki, Norikuni Oka, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki, Masako Takebe  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  55-  (4)  496  -504  2009/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  To observe the effect of different forms of N, we have applied metabolic profiling using gas chromatography mass spectrometry to evaluate the metabolite composition of spinach. The aim of the present study was to find an appropriate indicator of overall metabolic response to N source. The effect of the NH4+/NO3- ratio on spinach tissue was investigated, comparing two cultivars that differed in their ability to use N. There was wide variation in NH4+/NO3- absorption without any distinct growth inhibition in either cultivar. Statistical analysis revealed that the metabolites could be broadly divided into two types, correlating either positively or negatively with NH4+ uptake in the culture solution. Principal component analysis (PCA) was an effective tool that extracted the indexes of the effect of the ratio of N forms as PCA scores. Close relationships between metabolite profiles and NH4+ uptake were observed, indicating that metabolic profiling is able to distinguish the invisible metabolic change in mature leaves of spinach and may provide a new tool for the investigation of quality features or rhizosphere nutritional condition.
• Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry associated global analysis of rice root exudates under aseptical conditions

  Katsumasa Suzuki, Keiki Okazaki, Keitaro Tawaraya, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  55-  (4)  505  -513  2009/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Components of rice root exudates were surveyed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the effect of phosphate (P) starvation was investigated. Rice seedlings were aseptically grown in controlled environments under P-supplied (+P) or P-deficient (-P) conditions. Root exudates were collected from the culture solution 4 and 8 days after treatment (D4 and D8, respectively), which contain the first and second 4-day intervals. The collected solution was lyophilized and then eluted with methanol. In the present study, primary metabolites, such as sugars, amino acids, organic acids and fatty acids, were mainly targeted. After derivatization with methoxyamine hydrochloride and N-methyl-N-trifluoroacetamide, the samples were analyzed by GC-MS. Sugars and various amino acids (such as aspartic acid and l-isoleucine) were mainly detected and the components changed with the growth stage rather than the P content in the culture solution. The relative amount of sugars (such as glucose and fructose) and amino acids (such as aspartic acid and l-isoleucine) decreased in the D8 samples. Of the 78 detected compounds, orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis (O-PLS-DA) showed that four compounds were related to the P content of the nutrient solution and 58 were related to the sampling date (days after treatment). The results suggest that the physiological change during seedling development was unexpectedly large and that the response to the environment was rather small.
• イオノーム解析を用いた栄養吸収変異体の獲得方法

  信濃卓郎, 岡崎圭毅, ZHENG Chen, 渡部敏裕  研究成果情報 北海道農業  2008-  212  -213  2009/06/30  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 代謝産物プロファイリングによる新規品質評価手法

  岡崎圭毅, 建部雅子, 信濃卓郎, 岡紀邦  研究成果情報 北海道農業  2008-  210  -211  2009/06/30  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 海外情報 テラゲノム-国際土壌メタゲノムコンソーシアムの立ち上げに参加して

  信濃 卓郎  グリーンテクノ情報  5-  (1)  27  -29  2009/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Metastedに参加して(こんなことが,いま)

  信濃 卓郎  土と微生物  63-  (1)  48  -49  2009/04/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• A mutant of Lotus japonicus shows strong reduction in Molybdenum accumulation.

  50th-  318  2009/03/16  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Overexpression of the LASAP2 gene for secretory acid phosphatase in white lupin improves the phosphorus uptake and growth of tobacco plants

  Jun Wasaki, Hayato Maruyama, Miho Tanaka, Takuya Yamamura, Hiraki Dateki, Takuro Shinano, Susumu Ito, Mitsuru Osaki  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  55-  (1)  107  -113  2009/02  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Secretion of acid phosphatase (APase) from the roots to take up phosphorus (P) is a well-known strategy of plants under P-deficient conditions. White lupin, which shows vigorous growth in low-P soils, is noted for its ability to secrete APase under P-deficient conditions. The APase secreted by white lupin roots is stable in soil solution and shows low substrate specificity, suggesting that genetic modification of plants using the APase gene LASAP2 might improve their ability to use organic P. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of LASAP2 transgenic plants to increase organic P utilization. Dry matter production and P accumulation were higher in LASAP2 transgenic tobacco plants grown in gel media containing soluble phytate as the sole P source than in wild-type tobacco plants. Phosphorus uptake by the transgenic plants also increased in soil culture conditions. LASAP2 was apparently more effective in the liberation of organic P, including phytate, in the soil than the native tobacco APase. Thus, the enzymatic stability of LASAP2 in the soil appears to be an important factor for P acquisition.
• Element interconnections in Lotus japonicus: A systematic study of the effects of element additions on different natural variants

  Zheng Chen, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Tatsuhiro Ezawa, Jun Wasaki, Kazuhiko Kimura, Mitsuru Osaki, Yong-Guan Zhu  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  55-  (1)  91  -101  2009/02  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Lotus japonicus was used to study the distribution and interconnections of 15 elements in plant tissues, including essential and non-essential elements: boron (B), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), strontium (Sr), molybdenum (Mo), cadmium (Cd) and cesium (Cs). Large amounts of B and Ca accumulated in plant leaves, while Fe, Na, Ni, As and Cd tended to mainly occur in the roots, and Mo was the only element to accumulate in the stems. The elemental compositions within plants were severely disturbed by treatment with toxic elements. Competition between element pairs in the same group (e.g. K and Cs; Ca and Sr) was not found. Iron, Cu and Zn accumulation were induced by Cd and Ni addition. When natural variants grew in a nutrition solution with subtoxic levels of As, Cd, Cs, Ni, Mo and Sr, intriguing relationships between the elements (such as Fe, As and K; Mg and Ni; Mn and Ca) were revealed using principal-component analysis. This study on the plant ionome offers detailed information of element interactions and indicates that chemically different elements might be closely linked in uptake or translocation systems.
• Overexpression of the LASAP2 gene for secretory acid phosphatase in white lupin improves the phosphorus uptake and growth of tobacco plants

  Jun Wasaki, Hayato Maruyama, Miho Tanaka, Takuya Yamamura, Hiraki Dateki, Takuro Shinano, Susumu Ito, Mitsuru Osaki  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  55-  (1)  107  -113  2009/02  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Secretion of acid phosphatase (APase) from the roots to take up phosphorus (P) is a well-known strategy of plants under P-deficient conditions. White lupin, which shows vigorous growth in low-P soils, is noted for its ability to secrete APase under P-deficient conditions. The APase secreted by white lupin roots is stable in soil solution and shows low substrate specificity, suggesting that genetic modification of plants using the APase gene LASAP2 might improve their ability to use organic P. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of LASAP2 transgenic plants to increase organic P utilization. Dry matter production and P accumulation were higher in LASAP2 transgenic tobacco plants grown in gel media containing soluble phytate as the sole P source than in wild-type tobacco plants. Phosphorus uptake by the transgenic plants also increased in soil culture conditions. LASAP2 was apparently more effective in the liberation of organic P, including phytate, in the soil than the native tobacco APase. Thus, the enzymatic stability of LASAP2 in the soil appears to be an important factor for P acquisition.
• Mechanisms of Aluminum Tolerance in Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Transgenic Rice

  Hasna Hena Begum, Mitsuru Osaki, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano  JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION  32-  (1)  84  -96  2009  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Transgenic rice, in which C4-phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is overexpressed, was grown in hydroponic culture to evaluate its tolerance for high aluminum (Al) content in relation to organic acid synthesis and exudation into the rhizosphere. With regard to root growth in short-term experiments, PEPC-transgenic rice was more tolerant of Al than the wild type. At increased Al levels in the root medium, root tips of the transgenic rice accumulated less Al than those of the wild type. Aluminum-induced oxalate exudation from roots occurred at increased rates in the transgenic line. Overexpression of C4-PEPC drastically increased PEPC activity in leaves of the transgenic rice, causing higher organic acid concentrations in leaves and roots. The increased organic acid concentrations seemed to cause higher exudation rates of oxalate from roots, leading to a detoxification of Al in the root apoplast and rhizosphere.
• Analysis of Diversity of Diazotrophic Bacteria Associated with the Rhizosphere of a Tropical Arbor, Melastoma malabathricum L.

  Atsuya Sato, Toshihiro Watanabe, Yusuke Unno, Erry Purnomo, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano  MICROBES AND ENVIRONMENTS  24-  (2)  81  -87  2009  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The diversity of diazotrophic bacteria in the rhizosphere of Melastoma malabathricum L. was investigated by cloning-sequencing of the nifH gene directly amplified from DNA extracted from soil. Samples were obtained from the rhizosphere and bulk soil of M. malabathricum growing in three different soil types (acid sulfate, peat and sandy clay soils) located very close to each other in south Kalimantan, Indonesia. Six clone libraries were constructed, generated from bulk and rhizosphere soil samples, and 300 nifH clones were produced, then assembled into 29 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on percent identity values. Our results suggested that nifH gene diversity is mainly dependent on soil properties, and did not differ remarkably between the rhizosphere and bulk soil of M. malabathricum except in acid sulfate soil. In acid sulfate soil, as the Shannon diversity index was lower in rhizosphere than in bulk soil, it is suggested that particular bacterial species might accumulate in the rhizosphere.
• Rapid characterization of plant mutants with an altered ion-profile: a case study using Lotus japonicus

  Zheng Chen, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Keiki Okazaki, Mitsuru Osaki  NEW PHYTOLOGIST  181-  (4)  795  -801  2009  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Legumes are second only to cereals in their importance to humans, and study of their functional genomics of nutrition and other trace elements is crucial for agricultural production and food fortification. We describe here an ionomic screening experiment carried out to investigate the accumulation of 15 elements in shoots of mutants of Lotus japonicus, a good genetic tool for legume study. Approximately 2000 mutagenized M2 plants were cultivated in a novel low-cost high-throughput system and their elemental profiles were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). After triple-checking the element concentrations in M2 or M3 plant shoots, 31 mutants with altered elemental profiles were identified. Surprisingly, the number of genes regulating essential elements was similar to the number regulating nonessential elements. Magnesium (Mg) and nickel (Ni) were correlated in a number of mutants. Further investigation suggested that phosphorus (P) and cobalt (Co) might be involved in the ion homeostasis network of Mg and Ni. The results suggested that the pathways for element uptake or translocation were highly linked through the ion transport-related genes. Ionomics proved to be a powerful functional genomics tool for determining genes related to ion homeostasis in this study. New Phytologist (2009) 181: 795-801doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02730.x.
• Interacting effects of high temperature and drought stresses in wheat genotypes under semiarid tropics- an appraisal

  KAUR Vikender, BEHL Rishi Kumar, SHINANO Takuro, OSAKI Mitsuru  Tropics  17-  (3)  225  -234  2009  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Mechanisms of Aluminum Tolerance in Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Transgenic Rice

  Hasna Hena Begum, Mitsuru Osaki, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano  JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION  32-  (1)  84  -96  2009  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Transgenic rice, in which C4-phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is overexpressed, was grown in hydroponic culture to evaluate its tolerance for high aluminum (Al) content in relation to organic acid synthesis and exudation into the rhizosphere. With regard to root growth in short-term experiments, PEPC-transgenic rice was more tolerant of Al than the wild type. At increased Al levels in the root medium, root tips of the transgenic rice accumulated less Al than those of the wild type. Aluminum-induced oxalate exudation from roots occurred at increased rates in the transgenic line. Overexpression of C4-PEPC drastically increased PEPC activity in leaves of the transgenic rice, causing higher organic acid concentrations in leaves and roots. The increased organic acid concentrations seemed to cause higher exudation rates of oxalate from roots, leading to a detoxification of Al in the root apoplast and rhizosphere.
• Analysis of Diversity of Diazotrophic Bacteria Associated with the Rhizosphere of a Tropical Arbor, Melastoma malabathricum L.

  Atsuya Sato, Toshihiro Watanabe, Yusuke Unno, Erry Purnomo, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano  MICROBES AND ENVIRONMENTS  24-  (2)  81  -87  2009  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The diversity of diazotrophic bacteria in the rhizosphere of Melastoma malabathricum L. was investigated by cloning-sequencing of the nifH gene directly amplified from DNA extracted from soil. Samples were obtained from the rhizosphere and bulk soil of M. malabathricum growing in three different soil types (acid sulfate, peat and sandy clay soils) located very close to each other in south Kalimantan, Indonesia. Six clone libraries were constructed, generated from bulk and rhizosphere soil samples, and 300 nifH clones were produced, then assembled into 29 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on percent identity values. Our results suggested that nifH gene diversity is mainly dependent on soil properties, and did not differ remarkably between the rhizosphere and bulk soil of M. malabathricum except in acid sulfate soil. In acid sulfate soil, as the Shannon diversity index was lower in rhizosphere than in bulk soil, it is suggested that particular bacterial species might accumulate in the rhizosphere.
• Mechanisms of Aluminum Tolerance in Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Transgenic Rice

  Hasna Hena Begum, Mitsuru Osaki, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano  JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION  32-  (1)  84  -96  2009  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Transgenic rice, in which C4-phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is overexpressed, was grown in hydroponic culture to evaluate its tolerance for high aluminum (Al) content in relation to organic acid synthesis and exudation into the rhizosphere. With regard to root growth in short-term experiments, PEPC-transgenic rice was more tolerant of Al than the wild type. At increased Al levels in the root medium, root tips of the transgenic rice accumulated less Al than those of the wild type. Aluminum-induced oxalate exudation from roots occurred at increased rates in the transgenic line. Overexpression of C4-PEPC drastically increased PEPC activity in leaves of the transgenic rice, causing higher organic acid concentrations in leaves and roots. The increased organic acid concentrations seemed to cause higher exudation rates of oxalate from roots, leading to a detoxification of Al in the root apoplast and rhizosphere.
• 植物根圏を対象としたメタゲノム解析に向けた土壌微生物DNA獲得法の検討

  坂本健治, 海野佑介, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎  日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集  25th-  (25)  YOSHI64  -64  2009  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• リン欠乏ダイズ根における代謝変化のトランスクリプトーム解析

  和崎淳, 信濃卓郎  日本分子生物学会年会講演要旨集  32nd-  (Vol.1)  47  2009  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Sequencing and Analysis of Approximately 40 000 Soybean cDNA Clones from a Full-Length-Enriched cDNA Library

  Taishi Umezawa, Tetsuya Sakurai, Yasushi Totoki, Atsushi Toyoda, Motoaki Seki, Atsushi Ishiwata, Kenji Akiyama, Atsushi Kurotani, Takuhiro Yoshida, Keiichi Mochida, Mie Kasuga, Daisuke Todaka, Kyonoshin Maruyama, Kazuo Nakashima, Akiko Enju, Saho Mizukado, Selina Ahmed, Kyoko Yoshiwara, Kyuya Harada, Yasutaka Tsubokura, Masaki Hayashi, Shusei Sato, Toyoaki Anai, Masao Ishimoto, Hideyuki Funatsuki, Masayoshi Teraishi, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano, Ryo Akashi, Yoshiyuki Sakaki, Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, Kazuo Shinozaki  DNA RESEARCH  15-  (6)  333  -346  2008/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  A large collection of full-length cDNAs is essential for the correct annotation of genomic sequences and for the functional analysis of genes and their products. We obtained a total of 39 936 soybean cDNA clones (GMFL01 and GMFL02 clone sets) in a full-length-enriched cDNA library which was constructed from soybean plants that were grown under various developmental and environmental conditions. Sequencing from 5' and 3' ends of the clones generated 68 661 expressed sequence tags (ESTs). The EST sequences were clustered into 22 674 scaffolds involving 2580 full-length sequences. In addition, we sequenced 4712 full-length cDNAs. After removing overlaps, we obtained 6570 new full-length sequences of soybean cDNAs so far. Our data indicated that 87.7% of the soybean cDNA clones contain complete coding sequences in addition to 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions. All of the obtained data confirmed that our collection of soybean full-length cDNAs covers a wide variety of genes. Comparative analysis between the derived sequences from soybean and Arabidopsis, rice or other legumes data revealed that some specific genes were involved in our collection and a large art of them could be annotated to unknown functions. A large set of soybean full-length cDNA clones reported in this study will serve as a useful resource for gene discovery from soybean and will also aid a precise annotation of the soybean genome.
• Sequencing and Analysis of Approximately 40 000 Soybean cDNA Clones from a Full-Length-Enriched cDNA Library

  Taishi Umezawa, Tetsuya Sakurai, Yasushi Totoki, Atsushi Toyoda, Motoaki Seki, Atsushi Ishiwata, Kenji Akiyama, Atsushi Kurotani, Takuhiro Yoshida, Keiichi Mochida, Mie Kasuga, Daisuke Todaka, Kyonoshin Maruyama, Kazuo Nakashima, Akiko Enju, Saho Mizukado, Selina Ahmed, Kyoko Yoshiwara, Kyuya Harada, Yasutaka Tsubokura, Masaki Hayashi, Shusei Sato, Toyoaki Anai, Masao Ishimoto, Hideyuki Funatsuki, Masayoshi Teraishi, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano, Ryo Akashi, Yoshiyuki Sakaki, Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, Kazuo Shinozaki  DNA RESEARCH  15-  (6)  333  -346  2008/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  A large collection of full-length cDNAs is essential for the correct annotation of genomic sequences and for the functional analysis of genes and their products. We obtained a total of 39 936 soybean cDNA clones (GMFL01 and GMFL02 clone sets) in a full-length-enriched cDNA library which was constructed from soybean plants that were grown under various developmental and environmental conditions. Sequencing from 5' and 3' ends of the clones generated 68 661 expressed sequence tags (ESTs). The EST sequences were clustered into 22 674 scaffolds involving 2580 full-length sequences. In addition, we sequenced 4712 full-length cDNAs. After removing overlaps, we obtained 6570 new full-length sequences of soybean cDNAs so far. Our data indicated that 87.7% of the soybean cDNA clones contain complete coding sequences in addition to 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions. All of the obtained data confirmed that our collection of soybean full-length cDNAs covers a wide variety of genes. Comparative analysis between the derived sequences from soybean and Arabidopsis, rice or other legumes data revealed that some specific genes were involved in our collection and a large art of them could be annotated to unknown functions. A large set of soybean full-length cDNA clones reported in this study will serve as a useful resource for gene discovery from soybean and will also aid a precise annotation of the soybean genome.
• 01-012 Analysis of diazotroph diversity associated with the rhizosphere of Melastoma malabathricum L.(Soil ecosystem)

  Sato Atsuya, Shinano Takuro, Watanabe Toshihiro, Purnomo Erry, Osaki Mitsuru  日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集  (24)  64  -64  2008/11/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 12-231 Analysis of gene clusters related to organic phosphorus degradation on rhizosphere microbes(Soil ecosystem)

  Unno Yusuke, Shinano Takuro  日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集  (24)  174  -174  2008/11/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 植物根圏微生物を対象とした有機態リン分解関連遺伝子群の解析

  海野佑介, 信濃卓郎  日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集  24th-  174  2008/11/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 熱帯性植物Melastoma malabathricum L.根圏における窒素固定細菌の群集構造解析

  佐藤敦哉, 信濃卓郎, 渡部敏裕, PURNOMO Erry, 大崎満  日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集  24th-  (24)  64  -64  2008/11/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• イノシンの施用が各種作物の生育におよぼす影響

  TOKUHISA Dai, YAMAMURA Takuya, SHINANO Takuro, OSAKI Mitsuru  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  54-  (54)  244  -244  2008/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-43 リン欠乏下におけるイネの根浸出物の代謝産物プロファイリング(9.植物の無機栄養,2008年度愛知大会)

  俵谷 圭太郎, 斎藤 綾希子, 堀江 亮太, 信濃 卓郎, 我妻 忠雄, 斉藤 和季, 及川 彰  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (54)  84  -84  2008/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 8-13 フィチン酸資化性細菌によるクラスター根の形成誘導 : ホワイトルーピンの土壌フィチン酸利用プロセスの解明に向けて(8.共生,2008年度愛知大会)

  海野 佑介, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (54)  61  -61  2008/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-27 モエジマシダのヒ素無毒化機構におけるチオールペプチドの役割について(9.植物の無機栄養,2008年度愛知大会)

  酒井 有希, 渡部 敏裕, 和崎 淳, 瀬野浦 武志, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (54)  78  -78  2008/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-45 シロバナルーピン由来酸性ホスファターゼアイソザイムの発現とプロモーター領域の解析(9.植物の無機栄養,2008年度愛知大会)

  丸山 隼人, 田中 美穂, 和崎 淳, 瀬野浦 武志, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 伊藤 進, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (54)  84  -84  2008/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P9-29 局所リン濃度に応答して発現が変動する遺伝子の解析(ポスター紹介,9.植物の無機栄養,2008年度愛知大会)

  和崎 淳, 西山 友, 信濃 卓郎, 伊藤 進, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (54)  94  -94  2008/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11-10 根圏プロテアーゼに着目した、植物の有機態窒素利用の検討(11.植物の栄養生態,2008年度愛知大会)

  榎本 匠, 渡部 敏裕, 岡本 美輪, 櫻井 道彦, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (54)  106  -106  2008/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P12-2 短節間カボチャTC2Aの水田転換畑栽培における最適窒素施肥量の検討(ポスター紹介,12.農産物の品質・成分,2008年度愛知大会)

  杉戸 智子, 杉山 慶太, 村上 則幸, 辻 博之, 信濃 卓郎, 建部 雅子  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (54)  109  -109  2008/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P12-7 アブラナ科植物に対する堆肥施用効果の代謝産物および遺伝子発現プロファイリング(ポスター紹介,12.農産物の品質・成分,2008年度愛知大会)

  岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎, 岡 紀邦, 和崎 淳, 中村 卓司, 大崎 満, 建部 雅子  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  54-  (54)  111  -111  2008/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9 土壌リン形態変化の^<31>P NMRによる解析(北海道支部講演会,2007年度各支部会)

  岡島 祥一, 中嶋 彩起子, 海野 佑介, 信濃 卓郎, Turner Benjamin L, 平舘 俊太郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (54)  243  -243  2008/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 10 マイクロバブルによる根圏への酸素供給効果の圃場における検証(北海道支部講演会,2007年度各支部会)

  尾山 千夏, 山村 卓也, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (54)  244  -244  2008/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11 イノシンの施用が各種作物の生育におよぼす影響(北海道支部講演会,2007年度各支部会)

  Tokuhisa Dai, 山村 卓也, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (54)  244  -244  2008/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• フィチン酸資化性細菌によるクラスター根の形成誘導―ホワイトルーピンの土壌フィチン酸利用プロセスの解明に向けて―

  海野佑介, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  54-  61  2008/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• アブラナ科植物に対する堆肥施用効果の代謝産物および遺伝子発現プロファイリング

  岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 岡紀邦, 和崎淳, 中村卓司, 大崎満, 建部雅子  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  54-  111  2008/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• シロバナルーピン由来酸性ホスファターゼアイソザイムの発現とプロモーター領域の解析

  丸山隼人, 田中美穂, 和崎淳, 瀬野浦武志, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎, 伊藤進, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  54-  (54)  84  -84  2008/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 局所リン濃度に応答して発現が変動する遺伝子の解析

  和崎淳, 西山友, 信濃卓郎, 伊藤進, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  54-  (54)  94  -94  2008/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• マイクロバブルによる根圏への酸素供給効果の圃場における検証

  尾山千夏, 山村卓也, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  54-  (54)  244  -244  2008/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 根圏プロテアーゼに着目した,植物の有機態窒素利用の検討

  榎本匠, 渡部敏裕, 岡本美輪, 櫻井道彦, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  54-  (54)  106  -106  2008/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• リン欠乏下におけるイネの根浸出物の代謝産物プロファイリング

  俵谷圭太郎, 斎藤綾希子, 堀江亮太, 信濃卓郎, 我妻忠雄, 斉藤和季, 及川彰  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  54-  (54)  84  -84  2008/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• モエジマシダのヒ素無毒化機構におけるチオールペプチドの役割について

  酒井有希, 渡部敏裕, 和崎淳, 瀬野浦武志, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  54-  (54)  78  -78  2008/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 短節間カボチャTC2Aの水田転換畑栽培における最適窒素施肥量の検討

  杉戸智子, 杉山慶太, 村上則幸, 辻博之, 信濃卓郎, 建部雅子  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  54-  109  2008/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 土壌リン形態変化の³¹P NMRによる解析

  岡島祥一, 中嶋彩起子, 海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, TURNER Benjamin L, 平舘俊太郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  54-  243  2008/09/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 根圏域研究は新しい農業技術につながるか?

  信濃卓郎  グリーンテクノ情報  4-  (2)  42  -45  2008/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Effects of nitrogen application on malt modification and dimethyl sulfide precursor production in two Japanese barley cultivars

  Masahito Nanamori, Ryoichi Kanatani, Makoto Kihara, Kazumitsu Kawahara, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki  JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE  88-  (8)  1464  -1471  2008/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  BACKGROUND: Nitrogenous components have a great influence on both malt and beer qualities. Barley storage proteins are degraded during the germination process, in which amino acids and small peptides are released. Some of these compounds relate to dimethyl sulfide precursor production in the malting process. In this study, barley and malt qualities were investigated using two Japanese barley cultivars, Sukai Golden and Mikamo Golden, with several different nitrogen (N) treatments. RESULTS: Nitrogen top-dressing treatments efficiently increased N and sulfur (S) concentrations in grains. A difference in malt modification was induced by these treatments without any change in protease activity in malts. S-Methyl methionine (SMM) concentration in malt of Sukai Golden with low-N treatment was 1.8-2.1 times higher than that with higher-N treatments. Methionine concentration in malts was not significantly affected by N treatments of both cultivars, while grain S level was not consistent under any treatments. CONCLUSION: Results show that low-N treatment increases SMM concentration in malts despite major S-containing amino acids of malts being not highly affected by the difference in nutrient status of grains. Further investigations are necessary into aspects of both metabolic profiles in barley germination and SMM degradation in the kilning process. (c) 2008 Society of Chemical Industry.
• Effects of nitrogen application on malt modification and dimethyl sulfide precursor production in two Japanese barley cultivars

  Masahito Nanamori, Ryoichi Kanatani, Makoto Kihara, Kazumitsu Kawahara, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki  JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE  88-  (8)  1464  -1471  2008/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  BACKGROUND: Nitrogenous components have a great influence on both malt and beer qualities. Barley storage proteins are degraded during the germination process, in which amino acids and small peptides are released. Some of these compounds relate to dimethyl sulfide precursor production in the malting process. In this study, barley and malt qualities were investigated using two Japanese barley cultivars, Sukai Golden and Mikamo Golden, with several different nitrogen (N) treatments. RESULTS: Nitrogen top-dressing treatments efficiently increased N and sulfur (S) concentrations in grains. A difference in malt modification was induced by these treatments without any change in protease activity in malts. S-Methyl methionine (SMM) concentration in malt of Sukai Golden with low-N treatment was 1.8-2.1 times higher than that with higher-N treatments. Methionine concentration in malts was not significantly affected by N treatments of both cultivars, while grain S level was not consistent under any treatments. CONCLUSION: Results show that low-N treatment increases SMM concentration in malts despite major S-containing amino acids of malts being not highly affected by the difference in nutrient status of grains. Further investigations are necessary into aspects of both metabolic profiles in barley germination and SMM degradation in the kilning process. (c) 2008 Society of Chemical Industry.
• Interacting effects of high temperature and drought stresses in wheat genotypes under semiarid tropics- an appraisal

  KAUR Vikender, BEHL Rishi Kumar, SHINANO Takuro, OSAKI Mitsuru  Tropics  17-  (3)  225  -234  2008/05/30  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• イネ・ダイズの葉の光合成および代謝産物の比較

  中村卓司, 岡崎圭毅, 山本亮, 中山則和, 島村聡, 平賀勧, 信濃卓郎, 高橋秀行, 内宮博文, 小松節子  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  49th-  251  2008/03/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 3種のモデル植物における低リン適応機構の比較解析

  崔祥子, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 松浦英幸, 大崎満  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  49th-  109  2008/03/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• イネにおける低リン感知機構の解析

  西山友, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 伊藤進, 大崎満  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  49th-  109  2008/03/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• モエジマシダのヒ素無毒化機構におけるγグルタミルシステイン合成酵素の役割

  酒井有希, 渡部敏裕, 和崎淳, 瀬野浦武志, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  49th-  109  2008/03/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• リン欠乏条件下で形成されるクラスター根における酸性ホスファターゼの組織化学的局在性

  丸山隼人, 和崎淳, 小島創一, KANDELER Ellen, 伊藤進, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  49th-  331  2008/03/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ミヤコグサのフィチン酸利用における根圏微生物の影響

  中嶋彩起子, 岡島祥一, 海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  植物微生物研究会研究交流会講演要旨集  17th-  127  -128  2008/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 根圏細菌によるホワイトルーピンのクラスタールートの誘導

  海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  植物微生物研究会研究交流会講演要旨集  17th-  78  -79  2008/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Differences in the metabolite profiles of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaf in different concentrations of nitrate in the culture solution

  Keiki Okazaki, Norikuni Oka, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki, Masako Takebe  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY  49-  (2)  170  -177  2008/02  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The nitrogen (N) status of a plant determines the composition of its major components (amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates and organic acids) and, directly or indirectly, affects the quality of agricultural products in terms of their calorific value and taste. Although these effects are guided by changes in metabolic pathways, no overall metabolic analysis has previously been conducted to demonstrate such effects. Here, metabolite profiling using gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to evaluate the effect of N levels on spinach tissue, comparing two cultivars that differed in their ability to use N. Wide variation in N content was observed without any distinct inhibition of growth in either cultivar. Principal component analysis (PCA) and self-organizing mapping (SOM) were undertaken to describe changes in the metabolites of mature spinach leaves. In PCA, the first component accounted for 44.5% of the total variance, the scores of which was positively correlated with the plants N content, and a close relationship between metabolite profiles and N status was observed. Both PCA and SOM revealed that metabolites could be broadly divided into two types, correlating either positively or negatively with plant N content. The simple and co-coordinated metabolic stream, containing both general and spinach-specific aspects of plant N content, will be useful in future research on such topics as the detection of environmental effects on spinach through comprehensive metabolic profiling.
• Analysis of bacterial communities on alkaline phosphatase genes in soil supplied with organic matter

  Michihiko Sakurai, Jun Wasaki, Yuiko Tomizawa, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  54-  (1)  62  -71  2008/02  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  We studied the effects of the application of organic matter (OM) and chemical fertilizer (CF) on soil alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and ALP-harboring bacterial communities in the rhizosphere and bulk soil in an experimental lettuce field in Hokkaido, Japan. The ALP activity was higher in soils with OM than in soils with CF, and activity was higher in the rhizosphere for OM than in the bulk soil. Biomass P and available P in the soil were positively related to the ALP activity of the soil. As a result, the P concentration of lettuce was higher in OM soil than in CF soil. We analyzed the ALP-harboring bacterial communities using polymerase chain reaction based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) on the ALP genes. Numerous ALP genes were detected in the DGGE profile, regardless of sampling time, fertilizer treatment or sampled soil area, which indicated a large diversity in ALP-harboring bacteria in the soil. Several ALP gene fragments were closely related to the ALP genes of Mesorhizobium loti and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The community structures of the ALP-harboring bacteria were assessed using principal component analysis of the DGGE profiles. Fertilizer treatment and sampled soil area significantly affected the community structures of ALP-harboring bacteria. As the DGGE bands contributing to the principal component were different from sampling time, it is suggested that the major bacteria harboring the ALP gene shifted. Furthermore, there was, in part, a significant correlation between ALP activity and the community structure of the ALP-harboring bacteria. These results raise the possibility that different ALP-harboring bacteria release different amounts and/or activity of ALP, and that the structure of ALP-harboring bacterial communities may play a major role in determining overall soil ALP activity.
• Analysis of bacterial communities on alkaline phosphatase genes in soil supplied with organic matter

  Michihiko Sakurai, Jun Wasaki, Yuiko Tomizawa, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  54-  (1)  62  -71  2008/02  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  We studied the effects of the application of organic matter (OM) and chemical fertilizer (CF) on soil alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and ALP-harboring bacterial communities in the rhizosphere and bulk soil in an experimental lettuce field in Hokkaido, Japan. The ALP activity was higher in soils with OM than in soils with CF, and activity was higher in the rhizosphere for OM than in the bulk soil. Biomass P and available P in the soil were positively related to the ALP activity of the soil. As a result, the P concentration of lettuce was higher in OM soil than in CF soil. We analyzed the ALP-harboring bacterial communities using polymerase chain reaction based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) on the ALP genes. Numerous ALP genes were detected in the DGGE profile, regardless of sampling time, fertilizer treatment or sampled soil area, which indicated a large diversity in ALP-harboring bacteria in the soil. Several ALP gene fragments were closely related to the ALP genes of Mesorhizobium loti and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The community structures of the ALP-harboring bacteria were assessed using principal component analysis of the DGGE profiles. Fertilizer treatment and sampled soil area significantly affected the community structures of ALP-harboring bacteria. As the DGGE bands contributing to the principal component were different from sampling time, it is suggested that the major bacteria harboring the ALP gene shifted. Furthermore, there was, in part, a significant correlation between ALP activity and the community structure of the ALP-harboring bacteria. These results raise the possibility that different ALP-harboring bacteria release different amounts and/or activity of ALP, and that the structure of ALP-harboring bacterial communities may play a major role in determining overall soil ALP activity.
• Differences in the Metabolite Profiles of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Leaf in Different Concentrations of Nitrate in the Culture Solution

  49-  (2)  170  -177  2008/02  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-1 Ionomics study of Lotus japonicus reveals the element homeostasis network in plants

  Quadir Quazi Forhad  Abstracts of the Annual Meetings, Japanese Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  54-  (0)  70  -70  2008  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-1 Ionomics study of Lotus japonicus reveals the element homeostasis network in plants

  Quadir Quazi Forhad  Abstracts of the Annual Meetings, Japanese Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  54-  (0)  70  -70  2008  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• イネ根部における局所的リン酸飢餓応答のトランスクリプトーム解析

  和崎淳, 西山友, 信濃卓郎, 伊藤進, 大崎満  生化学  4P-1243  2008  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• GC‐MSメタボリックプロファイリングによる作物の品質評価に向けた取り組み

  岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 中村卓司, 岡紀邦, 建部雅子  生化学  4S7-5  2008  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 窒素栄養が代謝プロファイルに与える影響の解析(<特集>フードメタボロミクス)

  岡崎 圭毅, 建部 雅子, 中村 卓司, 信濃 卓郎  生物工学会誌 : seibutsu-kogaku kaishi  85-  (11)  482  -484  2007/11/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 窒素栄養が代謝プロファイルに与える影響の解析

  岡崎圭毅, 建部雅子, 中村卓司, 信濃卓郎  生物工学会誌  85-  (11)  482  -484  2007/11/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Analysis of bacterial communities in soil by PCR-DGGE targeting protease genes

  Michihiko Sakurai, Katsumasa Suzuki, Masayuki Onodera, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki  SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY  39-  (11)  2777  -2784  2007/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  We studied the effects of the application of organic (OM) and inorganic fertilizer (CF) on soil protease activity and proteolytic bacterial communities in rhizosphere and bulk soil on an experimental lettuce field in Hokkaido, Japan. The protease activity always was higher in soils of the OM than with the CF, treatment, and also higher in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil. We analyzed proteolytic bacterial communities by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the alkaline metalloprotease (apr) and neutral metalloprotease (npr) genes. Most apr forms detected were closely related to apr of Pseudomonas fluorescens, and all npr variants closely resembled the gene of Bacillus megaterium. These results were consistent with findings from tests using cultured bacterial communities, indicating a high specificity of our PCR-DGGE for amplifying apr and npr genes. The community compositions of proteolytic bacteria were assessed by principal component analysis of the DGGE profiles. There were significant differences in the effects of CF and OM on the community compositions of apr- and npr-expressing bacteria, and the communities of the two types of bacteria played different roles in rhizosphere and bulk soil. We found significant correlations between. the protease activity and the communities of the two types of bacteria. The results indicate that different proteolytic bacteria release different amounts or activities of protease, and that the composition of proteolytic bacterial communities may play a major role in determining overall soil protease activity. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Analysis of bacterial communities in soil by PCR-DGGE targeting protease genes

  Michihiko Sakurai, Katsumasa Suzuki, Masayuki Onodera, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki  SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY  39-  (11)  2777  -2784  2007/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  We studied the effects of the application of organic (OM) and inorganic fertilizer (CF) on soil protease activity and proteolytic bacterial communities in rhizosphere and bulk soil on an experimental lettuce field in Hokkaido, Japan. The protease activity always was higher in soils of the OM than with the CF, treatment, and also higher in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil. We analyzed proteolytic bacterial communities by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the alkaline metalloprotease (apr) and neutral metalloprotease (npr) genes. Most apr forms detected were closely related to apr of Pseudomonas fluorescens, and all npr variants closely resembled the gene of Bacillus megaterium. These results were consistent with findings from tests using cultured bacterial communities, indicating a high specificity of our PCR-DGGE for amplifying apr and npr genes. The community compositions of proteolytic bacteria were assessed by principal component analysis of the DGGE profiles. There were significant differences in the effects of CF and OM on the community compositions of apr- and npr-expressing bacteria, and the communities of the two types of bacteria played different roles in rhizosphere and bulk soil. We found significant correlations between. the protease activity and the communities of the two types of bacteria. The results indicate that different proteolytic bacteria release different amounts or activities of protease, and that the composition of proteolytic bacterial communities may play a major role in determining overall soil protease activity. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Analysis of bacterial communities in soil by PCR-DGGE targeting protease genes

  Michihiko Sakurai, Katsumasa Suzuki, Masayuki Onodera, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki  SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY  39-  (11)  2777  -2784  2007/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  We studied the effects of the application of organic (OM) and inorganic fertilizer (CF) on soil protease activity and proteolytic bacterial communities in rhizosphere and bulk soil on an experimental lettuce field in Hokkaido, Japan. The protease activity always was higher in soils of the OM than with the CF, treatment, and also higher in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil. We analyzed proteolytic bacterial communities by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the alkaline metalloprotease (apr) and neutral metalloprotease (npr) genes. Most apr forms detected were closely related to apr of Pseudomonas fluorescens, and all npr variants closely resembled the gene of Bacillus megaterium. These results were consistent with findings from tests using cultured bacterial communities, indicating a high specificity of our PCR-DGGE for amplifying apr and npr genes. The community compositions of proteolytic bacteria were assessed by principal component analysis of the DGGE profiles. There were significant differences in the effects of CF and OM on the community compositions of apr- and npr-expressing bacteria, and the communities of the two types of bacteria played different roles in rhizosphere and bulk soil. We found significant correlations between. the protease activity and the communities of the two types of bacteria. The results indicate that different proteolytic bacteria release different amounts or activities of protease, and that the composition of proteolytic bacterial communities may play a major role in determining overall soil protease activity. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
• S1-3 Comparative analysis on rhizosphere soil biomes using metagenomic approach.(Symposium I Environmental Genomics in Microbial Ecology)

  Unno Yusuke, Shinano Takuro, Osaki Mitsuru  日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集  (23)  173  -173  2007/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• メタゲノム的アプローチを用いた植物根圏土壌微生物叢の比較解析

  海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集  23rd-  173  2007/09/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Metabolite profiling and assessment of metabolome compartmentation of soybean leaves using non-aqueous fractionation and GGMS analysis

  Noureddine Benkeblia, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki  METABOLOMICS  3-  (3)  297  -305  2007/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  In the present study, non-aqueous fractionation (NAQF) and GC-MS were used to obtain a spatially resolved view of metabolism in mature leaves of soybean (Glycine max Merr.). NAQF of lyophilized soybean leaves was performed using CCl4-n-heptane and ultracentrifugation that yielded a gradient comprised of six fractions. Chlorophyll content, and marker enzyme activities, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and alpha-mannosidase, were utilized as stroma, cytosol and vacuole markers, respectively. GC-MS analyses of each fraction resulted in the identification of around 100 different metabolites. The distribution of these identified compounds showed a decreasing order from the vacuole to cytosol to chloroplast stroma. In other words, a greater number of identified compounds were found in the vacuole when compared to the cytosol or stroma. Levels of sugars, organic acids and fatty acids showed greater relative abundances in the vacuole with 50, 55, and 50% of the respective pools. A greater relative abundance of amino acids was observed in the cytosol where 45% of the total of amino acids content was recorded. The relatively large pool of sugars and phenolic acids in the vacuole compartment implies high levels of starch metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The low amino acids pool, on the other hand, suggests low nitrogen accumulation in the leaves of soybean. Hierarchical cluster analysis on the most abundant metabolites revealed three clusters containing 10, 20, and 2 of the 32 selected metabolites. The data were discussed in term of NAQF and GC-MS analysis of soybean mature leaves, and also in term of distribution and compartmentation of metabolites at subcellular levels.
• Metabolite profiling and assessment of metabolome compartmentation of soybean leaves using non-aqueous fractionation and GGMS analysis

  Noureddine Benkeblia, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki  METABOLOMICS  3-  (3)  297  -305  2007/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  In the present study, non-aqueous fractionation (NAQF) and GC-MS were used to obtain a spatially resolved view of metabolism in mature leaves of soybean (Glycine max Merr.). NAQF of lyophilized soybean leaves was performed using CCl4-n-heptane and ultracentrifugation that yielded a gradient comprised of six fractions. Chlorophyll content, and marker enzyme activities, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and alpha-mannosidase, were utilized as stroma, cytosol and vacuole markers, respectively. GC-MS analyses of each fraction resulted in the identification of around 100 different metabolites. The distribution of these identified compounds showed a decreasing order from the vacuole to cytosol to chloroplast stroma. In other words, a greater number of identified compounds were found in the vacuole when compared to the cytosol or stroma. Levels of sugars, organic acids and fatty acids showed greater relative abundances in the vacuole with 50, 55, and 50% of the respective pools. A greater relative abundance of amino acids was observed in the cytosol where 45% of the total of amino acids content was recorded. The relatively large pool of sugars and phenolic acids in the vacuole compartment implies high levels of starch metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The low amino acids pool, on the other hand, suggests low nitrogen accumulation in the leaves of soybean. Hierarchical cluster analysis on the most abundant metabolites revealed three clusters containing 10, 20, and 2 of the 32 selected metabolites. The data were discussed in term of NAQF and GC-MS analysis of soybean mature leaves, and also in term of distribution and compartmentation of metabolites at subcellular levels.
• Ion-profile variations of Lotus japonicus wild lines under 9 elements treatment in subtoxic levels

  Zheng Chen  Abstracts of the meeting, the Society of the Science of Soil and Manure  53-  (53)  87  -87  2007/08/22  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• S6-17 ホワイトルーピンが土壌微生物にあたえる根圏効果の解析に向けたメタゲノム的アプローチ(S6.現場から見た分子生態学的手法による土壌微生物研究,2007年度東京大会)

  海野 佑介, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 豊田 敦, 服部 正平, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (53)  41  -41  2007/08/22  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-29 リン欠乏条件下の3種モデル植物を用いた比較トランスクリプトーム解析(9.植物の無機栄養,2007年度東京大会)

  崔 祥子, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 伊藤 進, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (53)  72  -72  2007/08/22  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P9-33 Ion-profile variations of Lotus japonicus wild lines under 9 elements treatment in subtoxic levels

  Zheng Chen  Abstracts of the meeting, the Society of the Science of Soil and Manure  (53)  87  -87  2007/08/22  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P9-37 シロバナルーピン由来根分泌性酸性ホスファターゼ遺伝子導入による植物の有機態リンの獲得能の強化(9.植物の無機栄養,2007年度東京大会)

  和崎 淳, 丸山 隼人, 田中 美穂, 山村 卓也, 伊達木 啓, 信濃 卓郎, 伊藤 進, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (53)  88  -88  2007/08/22  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P10-15 有機態窒素吸収が植物の代謝産物におよぼす影響のGC-MS一斉分析による解析(10.植物の代謝,2007年度東京大会)

  岡本 美輪, 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 建部 雅子  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (53)  100  -100  2007/08/22  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 12-2 GC-MS一斉分析による堆肥および窒素の施用が作物成分組成に与える影響の解析(12.農産物の品質・成分,2007年度東京大会)

  岡崎 圭毅, 岡 紀邦, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 建部 雅子  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (53)  104  -104  2007/08/22  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 7 水耕イネ根分泌物のGC-MSによる網羅的解析手法の開発(北海道支部講演会,2006年度各支部会)

  鈴木 克昌, 徳竹 俊志, 岡崎 圭毅, 建部 雅子, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (53)  229  -229  2007/08/22  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 8 GC-MS一斉分析による水耕液の窒素濃度がホウレンソウ体内成分に与える影響の解析(北海道支部講演会,2006年度各支部会)

  岡崎 圭毅, 岡 紀邦, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 建部 雅子  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (53)  229  -229  2007/08/22  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9 有機物施用圃場におけるアルカリホスファターゼ活性とその生成細菌群集の解析(北海道支部講演会,2006年度各支部会)

  櫻井 道彦, 富沢 ゆい子, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (53)  229  -229  2007/08/22  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 有機物施用圃場におけるアルカリホスファターゼ活性とその生成細菌群集の解析

  櫻井道彦, 富沢ゆい子, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  53-  (53)  229  -229  2007/08/22  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• シロバナルーピン由来根分泌性酸性ホスファターゼ遺伝子導入による植物の有機態リンの獲得能の強化

  和崎淳, 丸山隼人, 田中美穂, 山村卓也, 伊達木啓, 信濃卓郎, 伊藤進, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  53-  (53)  88  -88  2007/08/22  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• リン欠乏条件下の3種モデル植物を用いた比較トランスクリプトーム解析

  崔祥子, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 伊藤進, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  53-  (53)  72  -72  2007/08/22  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 水耕イネ根分泌物のGC‐MSによる網羅的解析手法の開発

  鈴木克昌, 徳竹俊志, 岡崎圭毅, 建部雅子, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  53-  (53)  229  -229  2007/08/22  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• GC‐MS一斉分析による堆肥および窒素の施用が作物成分組成に与える影響の解析

  岡崎圭毅, 岡紀邦, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 建部雅子  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  53-  104  2007/08/22  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ホワイトルーピンが土壌微生物にあたえる根圏効果の解析に向けたメタゲノム的アプローチ

  海野佑介, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 豊田敦, 服部正平, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  53-  (53)  41  -41  2007/08/22  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• GC‐MS一斉分析による水耕液の窒素濃度がホウレンソウ体内成分に与える影響の解析

  岡崎圭毅, 岡紀邦, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 建部雅子  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  53-  (53)  229  -229  2007/08/22  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 有機態窒素吸収が植物の代謝産物におよぼす影響のGC‐MS一斉分析による解析

  岡本美輪, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 建部雅子  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  53-  (53)  100  -100  2007/08/22  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Metabolic alterations proposed by proteome in rice roots grown under low P and high Al concentration under low pH

  Takuya Fukuda, Akira Saito, Jun Wasaki, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki  PLANT SCIENCE  172-  (6)  1157  -1165  2007/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Growth inhibition caused by acid soils, especially due to P deficiency and Al stress, is a serious problem for crop production. To comprehend the adaptation mechanisms of rice plants to P deficiency and Al stress conditions, a proteomic analysis of rice roots in hydroponic cultivation was demonstrated. Four hundred and sixty-four detectable proteins spots were separated by 2D-PAGE. Fifty-six of 94 spots selected at random were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. In general, the proteomic alterations under P deficiency and Al stress conditions were similar trend, indicating that a common metabolic system is responsive to both P deficiency and Al stress. An increase in nucleotide monomer synthesis was indicated from the related proteomic alterations, which mediate the reversible reactions of the triose phosphate/pentose phosphate pool, and the oxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway under both stress conditions. Carbon flow to the TCA cycle and N assimilation were altered in proteomic level. The changes could be contributed to the complementation of TCA components from suppression of photosynthates partitioning from leaves, and partly contribute to organic acid secretion. Induction of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthetase is a significant and unique response to Al stress, suggesting that SAM is related to ethylene-mediated inhibition of root growth and/or the alteration of cell wall structures and polymers in roots. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Metabolic alterations proposed by proteome in rice roots grown under low P and high Al concentration under low pH

  Takuya Fukuda, Akira Saito, Jun Wasaki, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki  PLANT SCIENCE  172-  (6)  1157  -1165  2007/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Growth inhibition caused by acid soils, especially due to P deficiency and Al stress, is a serious problem for crop production. To comprehend the adaptation mechanisms of rice plants to P deficiency and Al stress conditions, a proteomic analysis of rice roots in hydroponic cultivation was demonstrated. Four hundred and sixty-four detectable proteins spots were separated by 2D-PAGE. Fifty-six of 94 spots selected at random were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. In general, the proteomic alterations under P deficiency and Al stress conditions were similar trend, indicating that a common metabolic system is responsive to both P deficiency and Al stress. An increase in nucleotide monomer synthesis was indicated from the related proteomic alterations, which mediate the reversible reactions of the triose phosphate/pentose phosphate pool, and the oxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway under both stress conditions. Carbon flow to the TCA cycle and N assimilation were altered in proteomic level. The changes could be contributed to the complementation of TCA components from suppression of photosynthates partitioning from leaves, and partly contribute to organic acid secretion. Induction of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthetase is a significant and unique response to Al stress, suggesting that SAM is related to ethylene-mediated inhibition of root growth and/or the alteration of cell wall structures and polymers in roots. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Metabolic alterations proposed by proteome in rice roots grown under low P and high Al concentration under low pH

  Takuya Fukuda, Akira Saito, Jun Wasaki, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki  PLANT SCIENCE  172-  (6)  1157  -1165  2007/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Growth inhibition caused by acid soils, especially due to P deficiency and Al stress, is a serious problem for crop production. To comprehend the adaptation mechanisms of rice plants to P deficiency and Al stress conditions, a proteomic analysis of rice roots in hydroponic cultivation was demonstrated. Four hundred and sixty-four detectable proteins spots were separated by 2D-PAGE. Fifty-six of 94 spots selected at random were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. In general, the proteomic alterations under P deficiency and Al stress conditions were similar trend, indicating that a common metabolic system is responsive to both P deficiency and Al stress. An increase in nucleotide monomer synthesis was indicated from the related proteomic alterations, which mediate the reversible reactions of the triose phosphate/pentose phosphate pool, and the oxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway under both stress conditions. Carbon flow to the TCA cycle and N assimilation were altered in proteomic level. The changes could be contributed to the complementation of TCA components from suppression of photosynthates partitioning from leaves, and partly contribute to organic acid secretion. Induction of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthetase is a significant and unique response to Al stress, suggesting that SAM is related to ethylene-mediated inhibition of root growth and/or the alteration of cell wall structures and polymers in roots. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Growth promotion of rice by inoculation of acid-tolerant, N2-fixing bacteria isolated from acid sulfate paddy soil in South Kalimantan, Indonesia

  16-  (3)  261  -274  2007/05/31  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• New approach for organic agriculture

  信濃 卓郎, 櫻井 道彦, 岡崎 圭毅  Materials integration  20-  (5)  49  -54  2007/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 知の創造から知の活用へ―北大創成科学共同研究機構 有機農業への新アプローチ

  信濃卓郎, 櫻井道彦, 岡崎圭毅, 鈴木克昌  Mater Integr  20-  (5)  49  -54  2007/04/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Wheat improvement under water deficit conditions in semi arid tropics and subtropics

  DHANDA Satyavir Singh, BEHL Rishi Kumar, SHINANO Takuro, OSAKI Mitsuru  Tropics  16-  (2)  181  -190  2007/03/31  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 無菌水耕イネ根分泌物のGC‐MSによる包括的解析

  鈴木克昌, 徳竹俊志, 按田瑞恵, 岡崎圭毅, 建部雅子, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  48th-  142  2007/03/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• シロバナルーピン由来の根分泌性酸性ホスファターゼ遺伝子導入タバコにおけるリン吸収能力

  丸山隼人, 田中美穂, 山村卓也, 信濃卓郎, 伊藤進, 和崎淳, 大崎満  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  48th-  102  2007/03/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 異なる窒素栄養条件で栽培した水耕ホウレンソウのGC‐MSプロファイル解析

  岡崎圭毅, 岡紀邦, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 建部雅子  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  48th-  336  2007/03/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• イネ・ダイズの種子における一次代謝産物の解析

  中村卓司, 岡崎圭毅, 山本亮, 島村聡, 平賀勧, 信濃卓郎, 小松節子  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  48th-  336  2007/03/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 低リン条件下イネで発現が誘導される機能未知遺伝子OsPI1のRNAi系統の解析

  西山友, 崔祥子, 信濃卓郎, 小山博之, 伊藤進, 和崎淳, 大崎満  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  48th-  102  2007/03/15  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ノトバイオート型水耕栽培法を用いたBurkholderia sp.Flap1による植物生育促進機構の解析

  海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, 櫻井望, 柴田大輔, 大崎満  植物微生物研究会研究交流会講演要旨集  16th-  (JA)43,(EN)44  2007/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• リン欠乏シロバナル‐ピンの根圏における微生物と機能の多様性

  和崎淳, 坂口淳哉, 山村卓也, 信濃卓郎, KANDELER Ellen, 大崎満  植物微生物研究会研究交流会講演要旨集  16th-  (JA)55,(EN)56  2007/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Screening of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms in rhizosphere and rhizoplane of adverse soil-adapting plants in Southern Thailand

  PENGNOO Ashara, HASHIDOKO Yasuyuki, ONTHONG Jumpen, GIMSANGUAN Sayjai, SAE-ONG Manoon, SHINANO Takuro, WATANABE Toshihiro, OSAKI Mitsuru  Tropics  16-  (1)  1  -7  2007/01/31  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Various adverse soils; peat, podzolic sandy, acid sulfate and salted-affected acid sulfate soils were widely distributed throughout Southern Thailand. These soils were infertile and strongly acidic. Phosphorus fertility of these soils was low due to the low content of available phosphorus (0.31-3.70 mg kg-1) especially in podzolic sandy soil. Acid sulfate soil and salt-affected acid sulfate soil contain relatively high level of exchangeable Al (13.3 and 9.87 cmolc kg-1, respectively). However, some native plants; Melaleuca cajuputi, Melastoma malabathricum, Scleria sumatrensis and Oryza sativa grow well in these adverse soils. Since the adverse soils distributed there are phosphorus-unavailable soils. Hence, base on an idea that phosphate-solubilizing microorganism is a key factor for plant growth, such functional rhizospherous microorganisms were screened using modified Pikovskaya,s media containing 5 mg l-1 P in different phosphate forms, Al-PO4, Fe-PO4 and Na-phytate, and adjusted pH 4.0. The number of microorganisms in the rhizosphere tended to be lower than in the rhizoplane. Twelve isolates showed remarkable growth performance on these solid media. Among these selected, 5 strains were obtained from acid sulfate soil, suggesting acid sulfate soil-adapting plant is a good source of the phosphate-solubilizing microorganism.
• Analysis of primary metabolite in a seed of a rice and soybean

  Nakamura Takuii, Okazaki Keiki, Yamamoto Ryou, Shimamura Satoshi, Hiraga Susumu, Shinano Takurou, Komatsu Setsuko  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY  48-  S258  2007  [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Growth promotion of rice by inoculation of acid-tolerant, N_2-fixing bacteria isolated from acid sulfate paddy soil in South Kalimantan, Indonesia

  SU Youbo, SHINANO Takuro, PURNOMO Erry, OSAKI Mitsuru  Tropics  16-  (3)  261  -274  2007  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Screening of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms in rhizosphere and rhizoplane of adverse soil-adapting plants in Southern Thailand

  PENGNOO Ashara, HASHIDOKO Yasuyuki, ONTHONG Jumpen, GIMSANGUAN Sayjai, SAE-ONG Manoon, SHINANO Takuro, WATANABE Toshihiro, OSAKI Mitsuru  Tropics  16-  (1)  1  -7  2007  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  20076
• Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on the nutrient uptake characteristics of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi)

  Takuro Shinano, Takuya Yamamoto, Keitaro Tawaraya, Masaru Tadokoro, Takayoshi Koike, Mitsuru Osaki  TREE PHYSIOLOGY  27-  (1)  97  -104  2007/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  We evaluated the response of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi Sieb. & Zucc.) to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) (689 +/- 75 ppm in 2002 and 697 +/- 90 ppm in 2003) over 2 years in a field experiment with open-top charnbers. Root activity was assessed as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake rates estimated from Successive measurements of absorbed amounts. Dry matter production of whole plants was unaffected by elevated [CO2] in the first year of treatment, but increased significantly in response to elevated [CO2] in the second year. In contrast, elevated [CO2] increased the root to shoot ratio and fine root dry mass in the first year, but not in the second year. Elevated [CO2] had no effect on tissue N, P and K concentrations. Uptake rates of N, P and K correlated with whole-plant relative growth rates, but were unaffected by growth [CO2], as was ectomycorrhizal colonization, a factor assumed to be important for nutrient uptake in trees. We conclude that improved growth of Larix kaempferi in response to elevated [CO2] is accompanied by increased root biomass, but not by increased root activity.
• Wheat improvement under water deficit conditions in semi arid tropics and subtropics

  DHANDA Satyavir Singh, BEHL Rishi Kumar, SHINANO Takuro, OSAKI Mitsuru  Tropics  16-  (2)  181  -190  2007  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 有機農業への新アプローチ

  信濃卓郎, 櫻井道彦, 岡崎圭毅, 鈴木克昌  Materials Integration  27-  (50)  49  -54  2007  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Growth promotion of rice by inoculation of acid-tolerant, N_2-fixing bacteria isolated from acid sulfate paddy soil in South Kalimantan, Indonesia

  SU Youbo, SHINANO Takuro, PURNOMO Erry, OSAKI Mitsuru  Tropics  16-  (3)  261  -274  2007  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Screening of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms in rhizosphere and rhizoplane of adverse soil-adapting plants in Southern Thailand

  PENGNOO Ashara, HASHIDOKO Yasuyuki, ONTHONG Jumpen, GIMSANGUAN Sayjai, SAE-ONG Manoon, SHINANO Takuro, WATANABE Toshihiro, OSAKI Mitsuru  Tropics  16-  (1)  1  -7  2007  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Various adverse soils; peat, podzolic sandy, acid sulfate and salted-affected acid sulfate soils were widely distributed throughout Southern Thailand. These soils were infertile and strongly acidic. Phosphorus fertility of these soils was low due to the low content of available phosphorus (0.31-3.70 mg kg-1) especially in podzolic sandy soil. Acid sulfate soil and salt-affected acid sulfate soil contain relatively high level of exchangeable Al (13.3 and 9.87 cmolc kg-1, respectively). However, some native plants; Melaleuca cajuputi, Melastoma malabathricum, Scleria sumatrensis and Oryza sativa grow well in these adverse soils. Since the adverse soils distributed there are phosphorus-unavailable soils. Hence, base on an idea that phosphate-solubilizing microorganism is a key factor for plant growth, such functional rhizospherous microorganisms were screened using modified Pikovskaya,s media containing 5 mg l-1 P in different phosphate forms, Al-PO4, Fe-PO4 and Na-phytate, and adjusted pH 4.0. The number of microorganisms in the rhizosphere tended to be lower than in the rhizoplane. Twelve isolates showed remarkable growth performance on these solid media. Among these selected, 5 strains were obtained from acid sulfate soil, suggesting acid sulfate soil-adapting plant is a good source of the phosphate-solubilizing microorganism.
• Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on the nutrient uptake characteristics of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi)

  Takuro Shinano, Takuya Yamamoto, Keitaro Tawaraya, Masaru Tadokoro, Takayoshi Koike, Mitsuru Osaki  TREE PHYSIOLOGY  27-  (1)  97  -104  2007/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  We evaluated the response of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi Sieb. & Zucc.) to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) (689 +/- 75 ppm in 2002 and 697 +/- 90 ppm in 2003) over 2 years in a field experiment with open-top charnbers. Root activity was assessed as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake rates estimated from Successive measurements of absorbed amounts. Dry matter production of whole plants was unaffected by elevated [CO2] in the first year of treatment, but increased significantly in response to elevated [CO2] in the second year. In contrast, elevated [CO2] increased the root to shoot ratio and fine root dry mass in the first year, but not in the second year. Elevated [CO2] had no effect on tissue N, P and K concentrations. Uptake rates of N, P and K correlated with whole-plant relative growth rates, but were unaffected by growth [CO2], as was ectomycorrhizal colonization, a factor assumed to be important for nutrient uptake in trees. We conclude that improved growth of Larix kaempferi in response to elevated [CO2] is accompanied by increased root biomass, but not by increased root activity.
• 植物のリン欠乏適応戦略の比較トランスクリプトーム解析

  和崎淳, CHOI Sang Ja, 信濃卓郎, 伊藤進, 大崎満  生化学  1P-1192  2007  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Developmental changes of plant affecting primary photosynthate distribution in rice leaves

  T. Shinano, K. Ando, K. Okazaki, M. Osaki  Photosynthetica  44-  (4)  591  -598  2006/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Developmental changes of plant in the regulation of photosynthate distribution of leaves were studied in hydroponically cultivated rice by the 14CO2 tracer technique and analysis of the activity of the regulatory enzymes, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), and pyruvate kinase (PK). The distribution of primary photosynthates into sugars, amino acids, organic acids, sugar phosphates, proteins, and polysaccharides was determined by column chromatography. The relative primary photosynthate distribution to the sugar phosphate fraction was significantly larger in the 5th leaf than in the 6th one. Correspondingly, the Vmax of PEPC was significantly higher in the 5th than in the 6th leaf, while no significant differences between leaves were detected in the other enzymes. As a consequence, the ratio of the Vmax of SPS and PEPC was lower in the 5th than in the 6th leaf. As the 5th leaf develops before panicle initiation in rice, it predominantly supports vegetative growth, while the 6th leaf develops after panicle initiation and thus contributes mainly to reproductive growth. We conclude that the physiological properties of each leaf are regulated developmentally. When the 6th leaf became fully expanded (corresponding to the panicle initiation stage of plant), the distribution pattern of 14C was transiently changed in the 5 th leaf, indicating that individual organs that are mainly involved in vegetative development are affected to some extent by the whole-plant-level physiological transformation that occurs at the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive stage. © 2006 Institute of Experimental Botany, ASCR.
• P6-8 根圏土壌のプロテアーゼ活性とその生成細菌群集に及ぼす有機物施用の影響(6. 土壌生物, 2006年度秋田大会講演要旨)

  櫻井 道彦, 鈴木 克昌, 小野寺 政行, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (52)  38  -38  2006/09/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-62 シロバナルーピン根圏における土壌微生物の役割(9. 植物の無機栄養, 2006年度秋田大会講演要旨)

  山村 卓也, 坂口 淳哉, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (52)  71  -71  2006/09/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-63 リン欠乏とリン再施与に応答するイネ遺伝子の網羅解析(9. 植物の無機栄養, 2006年度秋田大会講演要旨)

  和崎 淳, 齊藤 徹, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (52)  71  -71  2006/09/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P12-5 GC-MS一斉分析による水耕液中の窒素形態がホウレンソウ体内成分に与える影響の解析(12. 農産物の品質・成分, 2006年度秋田大会講演要旨)

  岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 唐澤 敏彦, 建部 雅子  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (52)  103  -103  2006/09/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 1 土壌微生物が白花ルーピンのクラスター根の形成に与える影響(北海道支部講演会, 2005年度各支部会講演要旨)

  鍵下 恵太, 山村 卓也, 信濃 卓郎, 山岸 真澄, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (52)  231  -231  2006/09/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 3 熱帯性植物の根圏に存在する窒素固定細菌の解析(北海道支部講演会, 2005年度各支部会講演要旨)

  西田 光紀, 佐藤 敦哉, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (52)  231  -231  2006/09/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 土壌微生物が白花ルーピンのクラスター根の形成に与える影響

  鍵下恵太, 山村卓也, 信濃卓郎, 山岸真澄, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  52-  (52)  231  -231  2006/09/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• シロバナルーピン根圏における土壌微生物の役割

  山村卓也, 坂口淳哉, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  52-  (52)  71  -71  2006/09/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• リン欠乏とリン再施与に応答するイネ遺伝子の網羅解析

  和崎淳, 齊藤徹, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  52-  (52)  71  -71  2006/09/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• GC‐MS一斉分析による水耕液中の窒素形態がホウレンソウ体内成分に与える影響の解析

  岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 唐澤敏彦, 建部雅子  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  52-  (52)  103  -103  2006/09/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 根圏土壌のプロテアーゼ活性とその生成細菌群集に及ぼす有機物施用の影響

  櫻井道彦, 鈴木克昌, 小野寺政行, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  52-  (52)  38  -38  2006/09/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 熱帯性植物の根圏に存在する窒素固定細菌の解析

  西田光紀, 佐藤敦哉, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  52-  (52)  231  -231  2006/09/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Effect of panicle removal on cytokinin level in the xylem and nitrogen uptake activity of rice

  Takuro Shinano, Motonari Osawa, Hiroshi Soejima, Mitsuru Osaki  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  52-  (3)  331  -340  2006/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  To evaluate the role of cytokinin in the source-sink relationship, panicles of rice were cut from the stem at the panicle emergence stage. Xylem sap exudates were collected using the stem cut method and the cytokinin concentration in the collected sap was determined by bioassay and further analysis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The rate of cytokinin translocation from roots to shoots decreased continuously after panicle initiation, whereas, when the panicle was removed, the rate increased by up to 1.5-fold, at which time no cytokinin was found in the plants with particles. Retardation of leaf senescence was not observed and nitrogen concentration in the leaves continued to decrease after panicle removal, irrespective of cytokinin (mainly dihydrozeatin riboside and trans-zeatin riboside) level. Thus, leaf autonomy is regulated by an endogenous program of nitrogen translocation from the leaf regardless of cytokinin level in the xylem.
• Transcriptomic analysis indicates putative metabolic changes caused by manipulation of phosphorus availability in rice leaves

  Jun Wasaki, Takuro Shinano, Kazuki Onishi, Ryoma Yonetani, Junshi Yazaki, Fumiko Fujii, Kanako Shimbo, Masahiro Ishikawa, Zempei Shimatani, Yuko Nagata, Akiko Hashimoto, Tomoya Ohta, Yuki Sato, Chikako Miyamoto, Sachiko Honda, Keiichi Kojima, Takuji Sasaki, Naoki Kishimoto, Shoshi Kikuchi, Mitsuru Osaki  JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY  57-  (9)  2049  -2059  2006/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Plants have developed several strategies for coping with phosphorus (P) deficiency. However, the details of the regulation of gene expression of adaptations to low P are still unclear. Using a cDNA microarray, transcriptomic analyses were carried out of the rice genes regulated by P deficiency and P re-supply to P-deficient plants. The OsPI1 gene, which was isolated as the most significant up-regulated gene under -P conditions, was also the most significant down-regulated gene following P re-supply. Many starch metabolism-related genes, as well as several genes for P-i-liberating enzymes, were up-regulated by -P treatment, suggesting a homeostatic contribution to the P-i concentration in leaf tissues. mRNAs for glucanases were also induced by P re-supply: these are suspected to play a role in loosening the cell wall compounds. Most of the genes up-regulated by -P treatment were down-regulated by P re-supply, suggesting that their responses were specific to -P conditions. Conversely, the number of genes up-regulated by P re-supply was also larger following P re-supply than in the -P condition. It is proposed that the genes up-regulated by P re-supply play an important role in P acquisition by P-deficient plants.
• Effect of panicle removal on cytokinin level in the xylem and nitrogen uptake activity of rice

  Takuro Shinano, Motonari Osawa, Hiroshi Soejima, Mitsuru Osaki  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  52-  (3)  331  -340  2006/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  To evaluate the role of cytokinin in the source-sink relationship, panicles of rice were cut from the stem at the panicle emergence stage. Xylem sap exudates were collected using the stem cut method and the cytokinin concentration in the collected sap was determined by bioassay and further analysis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The rate of cytokinin translocation from roots to shoots decreased continuously after panicle initiation, whereas, when the panicle was removed, the rate increased by up to 1.5-fold, at which time no cytokinin was found in the plants with particles. Retardation of leaf senescence was not observed and nitrogen concentration in the leaves continued to decrease after panicle removal, irrespective of cytokinin (mainly dihydrozeatin riboside and trans-zeatin riboside) level. Thus, leaf autonomy is regulated by an endogenous program of nitrogen translocation from the leaf regardless of cytokinin level in the xylem.
• Transcriptomic analysis indicates putative metabolic changes caused by manipulation of phosphorus availability in rice leaves

  Jun Wasaki, Takuro Shinano, Kazuki Onishi, Ryoma Yonetani, Junshi Yazaki, Fumiko Fujii, Kanako Shimbo, Masahiro Ishikawa, Zempei Shimatani, Yuko Nagata, Akiko Hashimoto, Tomoya Ohta, Yuki Sato, Chikako Miyamoto, Sachiko Honda, Keiichi Kojima, Takuji Sasaki, Naoki Kishimoto, Shoshi Kikuchi, Mitsuru Osaki  JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY  57-  (9)  2049  -2059  2006/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Plants have developed several strategies for coping with phosphorus (P) deficiency. However, the details of the regulation of gene expression of adaptations to low P are still unclear. Using a cDNA microarray, transcriptomic analyses were carried out of the rice genes regulated by P deficiency and P re-supply to P-deficient plants. The OsPI1 gene, which was isolated as the most significant up-regulated gene under -P conditions, was also the most significant down-regulated gene following P re-supply. Many starch metabolism-related genes, as well as several genes for P-i-liberating enzymes, were up-regulated by -P treatment, suggesting a homeostatic contribution to the P-i concentration in leaf tissues. mRNAs for glucanases were also induced by P re-supply: these are suspected to play a role in loosening the cell wall compounds. Most of the genes up-regulated by -P treatment were down-regulated by P re-supply, suggesting that their responses were specific to -P conditions. Conversely, the number of genes up-regulated by P re-supply was also larger following P re-supply than in the -P condition. It is proposed that the genes up-regulated by P re-supply play an important role in P acquisition by P-deficient plants.
• Transcriptomic analysis indicates putative metabolic changes caused by manipulation of phosphorus availability in rice leaves

  Jun Wasaki, Takuro Shinano, Kazuki Onishi, Ryoma Yonetani, Junshi Yazaki, Fumiko Fujii, Kanako Shimbo, Masahiro Ishikawa, Zempei Shimatani, Yuko Nagata, Akiko Hashimoto, Tomoya Ohta, Yuki Sato, Chikako Miyamoto, Sachiko Honda, Keiichi Kojima, Takuji Sasaki, Naoki Kishimoto, Shoshi Kikuchi, Mitsuru Osaki  JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY  57-  (9)  2049  -2059  2006/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Plants have developed several strategies for coping with phosphorus (P) deficiency. However, the details of the regulation of gene expression of adaptations to low P are still unclear. Using a cDNA microarray, transcriptomic analyses were carried out of the rice genes regulated by P deficiency and P re-supply to P-deficient plants. The OsPI1 gene, which was isolated as the most significant up-regulated gene under -P conditions, was also the most significant down-regulated gene following P re-supply. Many starch metabolism-related genes, as well as several genes for P-i-liberating enzymes, were up-regulated by -P treatment, suggesting a homeostatic contribution to the P-i concentration in leaf tissues. mRNAs for glucanases were also induced by P re-supply: these are suspected to play a role in loosening the cell wall compounds. Most of the genes up-regulated by -P treatment were down-regulated by P re-supply, suggesting that their responses were specific to -P conditions. Conversely, the number of genes up-regulated by P re-supply was also larger following P re-supply than in the -P condition. It is proposed that the genes up-regulated by P re-supply play an important role in P acquisition by P-deficient plants.
• Effect of panicle removal on cytokinin level in the xylem and nitrogen uptake activity of rice

  Takuro Shinano, Motonari Osawa, Hiroshi Soejima, Mitsuru Osaki  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  52-  (3)  331  -340  2006/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  To evaluate the role of cytokinin in the source-sink relationship, panicles of rice were cut from the stem at the panicle emergence stage. Xylem sap exudates were collected using the stem cut method and the cytokinin concentration in the collected sap was determined by bioassay and further analysis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The rate of cytokinin translocation from roots to shoots decreased continuously after panicle initiation, whereas, when the panicle was removed, the rate increased by up to 1.5-fold, at which time no cytokinin was found in the plants with particles. Retardation of leaf senescence was not observed and nitrogen concentration in the leaves continued to decrease after panicle removal, irrespective of cytokinin (mainly dihydrozeatin riboside and trans-zeatin riboside) level. Thus, leaf autonomy is regulated by an endogenous program of nitrogen translocation from the leaf regardless of cytokinin level in the xylem.
• Root-shoot interaction as a limiting factor of biomass productivity in new tropical rice lines

  (46)  106  -117  2006/03/10  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Harnessing wheat genotype x Azotobacter strain interactions for sustainable wheat production in semi arid tropics

  BEHL Rishi Kumar, NARULA Neeru, VASUDEVA Manjula, SATO Atsuya, SHINANO Takuro, OSAKI Mitsuru  Tropics  15-  (1)  121  -133  2006/03/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 貧栄養条件下で形成されるルーピンクラスター根の根圏土壌酵素活性

  坂口淳哉, 和崎淳, 山村卓也, 信濃卓郎, KANDELER Ellen, 大崎満  植物微生物研究会研究交流会講演要旨集  15th-  (JA)96,(EN)97  2006/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• プロテオーム手法を用いたイネの根分泌タンパク質の網羅的解析

  徳竹俊志, 齊藤徹, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳, 大崎満  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  47th-  102  2006/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• プロテオーム,トランスクリプトームに基づくパスウェイ解析によって明らかになったイネ根の低リン応答機構

  斎藤徹, 信濃卓郎, 徳竹俊志, 和崎淳, 大崎満  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  47th-  103  2006/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• シロバナルーピンが土壌微生物にあたえる根圏効果の解析に向けたメタゲノム的アプローチ

  海野佑介, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  植物微生物研究会研究交流会講演要旨集  15th-  (JA)98,(EN)99  2006/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 低リン条件下イネで発現が誘導される機能未知遺伝子OsPI1の発現様式の解析

  西山友, 崔祥子, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳, 大崎満  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  47th-  180  2006/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• リンまたは窒素欠乏条件で生育したシロバナルーピンにおいて形成されたクラスター根の機能

  和崎淳, 坂口淳哉, 山村卓也, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  47th-  180  2006/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Developmental changes of plant affecting primary photosynthate distribution in rice leaves

  T. Shinano, K. Ando, K. Okazaki, M. Osaki  PHOTOSYNTHETICA  44-  (4)  591  -598  2006  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Developmental changes of plant in the regulation of photosynthate distribution of leaves were studied in hydroponically cultivated rice by the (CO2)-C-14 tracer technique and analysis of the activity of the regulatory enzymes, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), and pyruvate kinase (PK). The distribution of primary photosynthates into sugars, amino acids, organic acids, sugar phosphates, proteins, and polysaccharides was determined by column chromatography. The relative primary photosynthate distribution to the sugar phosphate fraction was significantly larger in the 5(th) leaf than in the 6(th) one. Correspondingly, the V-max of PEPC was significantly higher in the 5(th) than in the 6(th) leaf, while no significant differences between leaves were detected in the other enzymes. As a consequence, the ratio of the Vmax of SPS and PEPC was lower in the 5(th) than in the 6(th) leaf. As the 5(th) leaf develops before panicle initiation in rice, it predominantly supports vegetative growth, while the 6(th) leaf develops after panicle initiation and thus contributes mainly to reproductive growth. We conclude that the physiological properties of each leaf are regulated developmentally. When the 6(th) leaf became fully expanded (corresponding to the panicle initiation stage of plant), the distribution pattern of C-14 was transiently changed in the 5(th) leaf, indicating that individual organs that are mainly involved in vegetative development are affected to some extent by the whole-plant-level physiological transformation that occurs at the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive stage.
• Harnessing wheat genotype x Azotobacter strain interactions for sustainable wheat production in semi arid tropics

  BEHL Rishi Kumar, NARULA Neeru, VASUDEVA Manjula, SATO Atsuya, SHINANO Takuro, OSAKI Mitsuru  Tropics  15-  (1)  121  -133  2006  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Role of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in the adaptation of a tropical forage grass to low-phosphorus acid soils

  HH Begum, M Osaki, M Nanamori, T Watanabe, T Shinano, IM Rao  JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION  29-  (1)  35  -57  2006/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  As Brachiaria hybrid cv. 'Mulato has adapted to acid soils with extremely low phosphorus (P) contents, its low-P-tolerance mechanisms were investigated and compared with those of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. 'Kitaake). Among the three plant species, the highest P-use efficiency (PUE) in low-P soil was recorded in the Brachiaria hybrid, which increased remarkably under P-deficiency and soil acidity, while P-deficiency had less effect on the PUE of wheat and rice. As exudation of organic acid anions from roots is considered to be one of the most important mechanisms of adaptation to low-P soil, the role of phospho enol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), which is closely related to organic acid metabolism and Pi recycling in C-3 plants, was studied. As expected, the PEPC activity of the Brachiaria hybrid (C-4 plant) leaves was 51- to 129-fold higher than that estimated for wheat and rice (both C-3 plants). PEPC activity in leaves and roots of the Brachiaria hybrid increased up to two-and three-fold, respectively, and decreased the malate-inhibition ratio in leaves in response to P-deficiency. However, PEPC activity and malate-inhibition ratio were less affected in wheat and rice under P-deficiency. The Brachiaria hybrid synthesized higher amounts of organic acids (e.g., oxalate and fumarate) in leaves, especially under P-deficiency. Results from these experiments indicate that PEPC activated in the Brachiaria hybrid under low-P and low-pH conditions may contribute to the plant's greater adaptation to tropical acid soils with P-low availability.
• Developmental regulation of photosynthate distribution in leaves of rice

  T Shinano, K Nakajima, J Wasaki, H Mori, T Zheng, M Osaki  PHOTOSYNTHETICA  44-  (1)  1  -10  2006  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  mRNA expression patterns of genes for metabolic key enzymes sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), pyruvate kinase, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, glutamine synthetase 1, and glutatmine synthetase 2 were investigated in leaves of rice plants grown at two nitrogen (N) supplies (N(0.5), N(3.0)). The relative gene expression patterns were similar in all leaves except for 9(th) leaf, in which mRNA levels were generally depressed. Though increased N supply prolonged the expression period of each mRNA, it did not affect the relative expression intensity of any mRNA in a given leaf. SPS V(max) SPS limiting and PEPC activities, and carbon flow were exartimed. The ratio between PEPC activity and SPS V(max) was higher in leaves developed at the vegetative growth stage (vegetative leaves: 5(th) and 7(th) leaves) than in leaves developed after the ear primordia formation stage (reproductive leaves: 9(th) and flag leaves). PEPC activity and SPS V(max) decreased with declining leaf N content. After using (14)CO(2) the (14)C photosynthate distribution in the amino acid fraction was higher in vegetative than in reproductive leaves when compared for the same leaf N status. Thus, at high PEPC/SPS activities ratio, more (14)C photosynthate was distributed to the amino acid pool, whereas at higher SPS activity more (14)C was channelled into the saccharide fraction. Thus, leaf ontooeny was an important factor controlling photosyntliate distribution to the N- or C-pool, respectively, regardless of the leaf N status.
• Harnessing wheat genotype x Azotobacter strain interactions for sustainable wheat production in semi arid tropics.

  Behl, R.K, Narula, N, Vasudeva, M, Sato, A, Shinano, T, Osaki, M  Tropics  15-  (1)  121  -133  2006  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Role of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in the adaptation of a tropical forage grass to low-phosphorus acid soils

  HH Begum, M Osaki, M Nanamori, T Watanabe, T Shinano, IM Rao  JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION  29-  (1)  35  -57  2006/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  As Brachiaria hybrid cv. 'Mulato has adapted to acid soils with extremely low phosphorus (P) contents, its low-P-tolerance mechanisms were investigated and compared with those of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. 'Kitaake). Among the three plant species, the highest P-use efficiency (PUE) in low-P soil was recorded in the Brachiaria hybrid, which increased remarkably under P-deficiency and soil acidity, while P-deficiency had less effect on the PUE of wheat and rice. As exudation of organic acid anions from roots is considered to be one of the most important mechanisms of adaptation to low-P soil, the role of phospho enol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), which is closely related to organic acid metabolism and Pi recycling in C-3 plants, was studied. As expected, the PEPC activity of the Brachiaria hybrid (C-4 plant) leaves was 51- to 129-fold higher than that estimated for wheat and rice (both C-3 plants). PEPC activity in leaves and roots of the Brachiaria hybrid increased up to two-and three-fold, respectively, and decreased the malate-inhibition ratio in leaves in response to P-deficiency. However, PEPC activity and malate-inhibition ratio were less affected in wheat and rice under P-deficiency. The Brachiaria hybrid synthesized higher amounts of organic acids (e.g., oxalate and fumarate) in leaves, especially under P-deficiency. Results from these experiments indicate that PEPC activated in the Brachiaria hybrid under low-P and low-pH conditions may contribute to the plant's greater adaptation to tropical acid soils with P-low availability.
• Developmental regulation of photosynthate distribution in leaves of rice

  T Shinano, K Nakajima, J Wasaki, H Mori, T Zheng, M Osaki  PHOTOSYNTHETICA  44-  (1)  1  -10  2006  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  mRNA expression patterns of genes for metabolic key enzymes sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), pyruvate kinase, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, glutamine synthetase 1, and glutatmine synthetase 2 were investigated in leaves of rice plants grown at two nitrogen (N) supplies (N(0.5), N(3.0)). The relative gene expression patterns were similar in all leaves except for 9(th) leaf, in which mRNA levels were generally depressed. Though increased N supply prolonged the expression period of each mRNA, it did not affect the relative expression intensity of any mRNA in a given leaf. SPS V(max) SPS limiting and PEPC activities, and carbon flow were exartimed. The ratio between PEPC activity and SPS V(max) was higher in leaves developed at the vegetative growth stage (vegetative leaves: 5(th) and 7(th) leaves) than in leaves developed after the ear primordia formation stage (reproductive leaves: 9(th) and flag leaves). PEPC activity and SPS V(max) decreased with declining leaf N content. After using (14)CO(2) the (14)C photosynthate distribution in the amino acid fraction was higher in vegetative than in reproductive leaves when compared for the same leaf N status. Thus, at high PEPC/SPS activities ratio, more (14)C photosynthate was distributed to the amino acid pool, whereas at higher SPS activity more (14)C was channelled into the saccharide fraction. Thus, leaf ontooeny was an important factor controlling photosyntliate distribution to the N- or C-pool, respectively, regardless of the leaf N status.
• Pathway analysis by proteome and transcriptome of rice root against low phosphorus condition

  A Saito, T Shinano, S Tokutake, J Wasaki, M Osaki  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY  47-  S26  -S26  2006  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Analysis of expression pattern of novel gene OsPII which is induced in rice plants grown under low P conditions

  T Nishiyama, S Sai, T Shinano, J Wasaki, M Osaki  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY  47-  S100  -S100  2006  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Function of cluster roots of white lupin grown under P or N deficient conditions

  J Wasaki, J Sakaguchi, T Yamamura, T Shinano, M Osaki  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY  47-  S100  -S100  2006  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Comprehensive analysis of secretory protein from rice root by proteomic methods

  S Tokutake, A Saito, T Shinano, J Wasaki, M Osaki  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY  47-  S26  -S26  2006  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Role of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in the adaptation of a tropical forage grass to low-phosphorus acid soils

  HH Begum, M Osaki, M Nanamori, T Watanabe, T Shinano, IM Rao  JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION  29-  (1)  35  -57  2006/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  As Brachiaria hybrid cv. 'Mulato has adapted to acid soils with extremely low phosphorus (P) contents, its low-P-tolerance mechanisms were investigated and compared with those of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. 'Kitaake). Among the three plant species, the highest P-use efficiency (PUE) in low-P soil was recorded in the Brachiaria hybrid, which increased remarkably under P-deficiency and soil acidity, while P-deficiency had less effect on the PUE of wheat and rice. As exudation of organic acid anions from roots is considered to be one of the most important mechanisms of adaptation to low-P soil, the role of phospho enol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), which is closely related to organic acid metabolism and Pi recycling in C-3 plants, was studied. As expected, the PEPC activity of the Brachiaria hybrid (C-4 plant) leaves was 51- to 129-fold higher than that estimated for wheat and rice (both C-3 plants). PEPC activity in leaves and roots of the Brachiaria hybrid increased up to two-and three-fold, respectively, and decreased the malate-inhibition ratio in leaves in response to P-deficiency. However, PEPC activity and malate-inhibition ratio were less affected in wheat and rice under P-deficiency. The Brachiaria hybrid synthesized higher amounts of organic acids (e.g., oxalate and fumarate) in leaves, especially under P-deficiency. Results from these experiments indicate that PEPC activated in the Brachiaria hybrid under low-P and low-pH conditions may contribute to the plant's greater adaptation to tropical acid soils with P-low availability.
• Endophyte function of rice plant growing in acid sulfate soil applying PCR based DGGE method

  2006-  11  2006  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 土壌微生物がシロバナルーピン根圏に及ぼす効果

  山村卓也, 坂口淳哉, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本農芸化学会北海道支部・日本土壌肥料学会北海道支部・日本生物工学会北日本支部・日本応用糖質科学会北海道支部・北海道農芸化学協会合同学術講演会講演要旨  2006-  10  2006  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• リン欠乏イネで強く発現する機能未知遺伝子の解析

  和崎淳, 西山友, さい祥子, 黒田幸浩, 米谷竜馬, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本分子生物学会年会講演要旨集  28th-  146  2005/11/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Root exudation, phosphorus acquisition, and microbial diversity in the rhizosphere of white lupine as affected by phosphorus supply and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration

  J Wasaki, A Rothe, A Kania, G Neumann, Romheld, V, T Shinano, M Osaki, E Kandeler  JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY  34-  (6)  2157  -2166  2005/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  White lupine (Lupinus albus L.) was used as a phosphorus (P)-efficient model plant to study the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations on (i) P acquisition, (ii) the related alterations in root development and rhizosphere chemistry, and (iii) the functional and structural diversity of rhizosphere microbial communities, on a P-deficient Calcareous subsoil with and without soluble P fertilization. In both +P (80 mg P kg(-1)) and -P treatments (no added P), elevated CO2 (800 mu mol mol(-1)) increased shoot biomass production by 20 to 35% and accelerated the development of cluster roots, which exhibit important functions in chemical mobilization of sparingly soluble soil P sources. Accordingly, cluster root formation was stimulated in plants without P application by 140 and 60% for ambient and elevated CO2 treatments, respectively. Intense accumulation of citrate and increased activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases, but also of chitinase, in the rhizosphere were mainly confined to later stages of cluster root development in -P treatments. Regardless of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, there was no significant effect on accumulation of citrate or on selected enzyme activities of C, N, and P cycles in the rhizosphere of individual root clusters. Discriminant analysis of selected enzyme activities revealed that mainly phosphatase and chitinase contributed to the experimental variance (81.3%) of the data. Phosphatase and chitinase activities in the rhizosphere might be dominated by the secretion from cluster roots rather than by microbial activity. Alterations in rhizosphere bacterial communities analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were related with the intense changes in root secretory activity observed during cluster root development but not with elevated CO2 concentrations.
• Root exudation, phosphorus acquisition, and microbial diversity in the rhizosphere of white lupine as affected by phosphorus supply and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration

  J Wasaki, A Rothe, A Kania, G Neumann, Romheld, V, T Shinano, M Osaki, E Kandeler  JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY  34-  (6)  2157  -2166  2005/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  White lupine (Lupinus albus L.) was used as a phosphorus (P)-efficient model plant to study the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations on (i) P acquisition, (ii) the related alterations in root development and rhizosphere chemistry, and (iii) the functional and structural diversity of rhizosphere microbial communities, on a P-deficient Calcareous subsoil with and without soluble P fertilization. In both +P (80 mg P kg(-1)) and -P treatments (no added P), elevated CO2 (800 mu mol mol(-1)) increased shoot biomass production by 20 to 35% and accelerated the development of cluster roots, which exhibit important functions in chemical mobilization of sparingly soluble soil P sources. Accordingly, cluster root formation was stimulated in plants without P application by 140 and 60% for ambient and elevated CO2 treatments, respectively. Intense accumulation of citrate and increased activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases, but also of chitinase, in the rhizosphere were mainly confined to later stages of cluster root development in -P treatments. Regardless of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, there was no significant effect on accumulation of citrate or on selected enzyme activities of C, N, and P cycles in the rhizosphere of individual root clusters. Discriminant analysis of selected enzyme activities revealed that mainly phosphatase and chitinase contributed to the experimental variance (81.3%) of the data. Phosphatase and chitinase activities in the rhizosphere might be dominated by the secretion from cluster roots rather than by microbial activity. Alterations in rhizosphere bacterial communities analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were related with the intense changes in root secretory activity observed during cluster root development but not with elevated CO2 concentrations.
• Difference in carbon distribution of initial photoassimilates between soybean and rice as revealed by 20 s pulse-300 s chase experiments

  K Okazaki, T Shinano, M Osaki  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  51-  (6)  835  -840  2005/10  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Short pulse-chase labeling experiments indicated that there was a considerable difference between soybean and rice in the distribution pattern of C-14 to major metabolites during a 300 s chase period. The distribution of C-14 to starch at the end of the chase period was largest in soybean but very small in rice. In rice, the distribution of C-14 to sucrose was the largest. Starch formation during the initial stages of photosynthesis implied the existence of a different mechanism of starch synthesis and utilization between soybean and rice. The relative intensity of the flow into starch increased by treatment with 2% O-2, suggesting that photorespiratory pathway may involve in the regulation of higher starch accumulation in soybean.
• Difference in Carbon Distribution of Initial Photoassimilates between Soybean and Rice as Revealed by 20 s Pulse-300 s Chase Experiments

  51-  (6)  835  -840  2005/10  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P6-6 フィチン酸資化性PGPRのスクリーニング(ポスター紹介,6.土壌生物,日本土壌肥料学会 2005年度大会講演要旨集)

  海野 佑介, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (51)  47  -47  2005/09/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-37 リン欠乏条件で生育するシロバナルーピン根圏におけるリン可給化能と微生物群集構造(9.植物の無機栄養,日本土壌肥料学会 2005年度大会講演要旨集)

  和崎 淳, 坂口 淳哉, 山村 卓也, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, Guenter Neumann, Volker Roemheld, Kandeler Ellen  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (51)  70  -70  2005/09/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P9-6 植物由来フィターゼ遺伝子の単離とフィチン態リン利用能について(ポスター紹介,9.植物の無機栄養,日本土壌肥料学会 2005年度大会講演要旨集)

  田中 美穂, 山村 卓也, 金子 洋平, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 松井 博和, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (51)  80  -80  2005/09/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• P10-5 イネ根の低リン応答機構に対するトランスクリプトームおよびプロテオーム解析(ポスター紹介,10.植物の代謝,日本土壌肥料学会 2005年度大会講演要旨集)

  齊藤 徹, 福田 琢哉, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (51)  91  -91  2005/09/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 2 植物根圏におけるnifH遺伝子の分布と発現 : PCR-DGGE法による解析(北海道支部講演会,日本土壌肥料学会 支部講演会講演要旨集 2005年度)

  鈴木 克昌, 佐藤 敦哉, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (51)  233  -233  2005/09/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11 海岸地帯に生育する熱帯イネにおけるNa施与効果のプロテオーム解析(北海道支部講演会,日本土壌肥料学会 支部講演会講演要旨集 2005年度)

  秋野 京子, 齊藤 徹, 福田 琢哉, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (51)  236  -236  2005/09/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 植物由来フィターゼ遺伝子の単離とフィチン態リン利用能について

  田中美穂, 山村卓也, 金子洋平, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 松井博和, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  51-  (51)  80  -80  2005/09/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• フィチン酸資化性PGPRのスクリーニング

  海野佑介, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  51-  47  2005/09/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 植物根圏におけるnifH遺伝子の分布と発現‐PCR‐DGGE法による解析‐

  鈴木克昌, 佐藤敦哉, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  51-  (51)  233  -233  2005/09/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• イネ根の低リン応答機構に対するトランスクリプトームおよびプロテオーム解析

  斉藤徹, 福田琢哉, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  51-  (51)  91  -91  2005/09/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 海岸地帯に生育する熱帯イネにおけるNa施与効果のプロテオーム解析

  秋野京子, 斉藤徹, 福田琢哉, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  51-  (51)  236  -236  2005/09/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• リン欠乏条件で生育するシロバナルーピン根圏におけるリン可給化能と微生物群集構造

  和崎淳, 坂口淳哉, 山村卓也, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, GUENTER Neumann, VOLKER Roemheld, ELLEN Kandeler  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  51-  (51)  70  -70  2005/09/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• The function of a maize-derived phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) in phosphorus-deficient transgenic rice

  HH Begum, M Osaki, T Shinano, H Miyatake, J Wasaki, T Yamamura, T Watanabe  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  51-  (4)  497  -506  2005/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L., a C-3 plant) lines carrying a complete phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) gene from maize (a C-4 plant) were tested for their performance in terms of organic acid synthesis and organic acid exudation into the rhizosphere under phosphorus (P)-deficient conditions. High PEPC activity increased the fraction of photosynthetically fixed carbon allocated to the organic acid pool, and P deficiency enhanced oxalate exudation from the roots of the transgenic plants. There was no evidence that the transformed PEPC was involved in internal P recycling in the plant. However, the root PEPC activity was positively correlated with the oxalate exudation and negatively correlated with the root P concentration, and a higher root PEPC activity led to a higher oxalate exudation. Thus, it is suggested that C-4-PEPC transgenic rice plants had acquired the ability to exude oxalate, which enhanced their capacity to adapt to low P soil conditions.
• The function of a maize-derived phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) in phosphorus-deficient transgenic rice

  HH Begum, M Osaki, T Shinano, H Miyatake, J Wasaki, T Yamamura, T Watanabe  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  51-  (4)  497  -506  2005/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L., a C-3 plant) lines carrying a complete phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) gene from maize (a C-4 plant) were tested for their performance in terms of organic acid synthesis and organic acid exudation into the rhizosphere under phosphorus (P)-deficient conditions. High PEPC activity increased the fraction of photosynthetically fixed carbon allocated to the organic acid pool, and P deficiency enhanced oxalate exudation from the roots of the transgenic plants. There was no evidence that the transformed PEPC was involved in internal P recycling in the plant. However, the root PEPC activity was positively correlated with the oxalate exudation and negatively correlated with the root P concentration, and a higher root PEPC activity led to a higher oxalate exudation. Thus, it is suggested that C-4-PEPC transgenic rice plants had acquired the ability to exude oxalate, which enhanced their capacity to adapt to low P soil conditions.
• The function of a maize-derived phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) in phosphorus-deficient transgenic rice

  HH Begum, M Osaki, T Shinano, H Miyatake, J Wasaki, T Yamamura, T Watanabe  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  51-  (4)  497  -506  2005/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L., a C-3 plant) lines carrying a complete phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) gene from maize (a C-4 plant) were tested for their performance in terms of organic acid synthesis and organic acid exudation into the rhizosphere under phosphorus (P)-deficient conditions. High PEPC activity increased the fraction of photosynthetically fixed carbon allocated to the organic acid pool, and P deficiency enhanced oxalate exudation from the roots of the transgenic plants. There was no evidence that the transformed PEPC was involved in internal P recycling in the plant. However, the root PEPC activity was positively correlated with the oxalate exudation and negatively correlated with the root P concentration, and a higher root PEPC activity led to a higher oxalate exudation. Thus, it is suggested that C-4-PEPC transgenic rice plants had acquired the ability to exude oxalate, which enhanced their capacity to adapt to low P soil conditions.
• Endogenous hormones and expression of senescence-related genes in different senescent types of maize

  P He, M Osaki, M Takebe, T Shinano, J Wasaki  JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY  56-  (414)  1117  -1128  2005/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Levels of cytokinins and abscisic acid (ABA) and the expression of senescence-related genes were investigated in two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars of different senescence type, cv. P3845 (stay-green) and cv. Hokkou 55 (earlier senescent), in a field study. The delay in leaf senescence in P3845 was correlated with increased levels of chlorophyll and nitrogen and a higher photon-saturated photosynthetic rate (P-sat). Compared with the earlier senescent Hokkou 55, P3845 showed enhanced contents of cytokinins (trans-zeatin riboside, t-ZR; dihydrozeatin riboside, DHZR; isopentenyladenosine, iPA) and reduced levels of ABA in its leaves. In roots, P3845 had increased levels of t-ZR, DHZR, and ABA, but decreased concentrations of iPA. It was concluded that a higher rate of cytokinin transport from roots to leaves contributes to the delay of senescence in P3845. By contrast, the translocation of ABA from roots to shoots may be blocked in the stay-green cultivar, which also results in retarded leaf senescence. P3845 ear leaves contained more malondialdehyde (MDA) and higher catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities than Hokkou 55. Since the accumulation of the mRNAs for Rubisco small subunit (rbcS), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), and SOD peaked after Chl content and P-sat had reached their maxima, it is speculated that when leaf senescence is initiated, Chl contents decrease first, followed by the degradation of the photosynthetic apparatus and of photosynthesis-related enzymes. See1 and See2 encode senescence-related cysteine proteases; their mRNAs were most abundant in yellowing leaves, suggesting that these proteins are involved in the process of senescence rather than its initiation. mRNAs of both genes were more abundant in Hokkou 55 than in P3845, which suggests a regulation of leaf senescence at the transcriptional level.
• Endogenous hormones and expression of senescence-related genes in different senescent types of maize

  P He, M Osaki, M Takebe, T Shinano, J Wasaki  JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY  56-  (414)  1117  -1128  2005/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Levels of cytokinins and abscisic acid (ABA) and the expression of senescence-related genes were investigated in two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars of different senescence type, cv. P3845 (stay-green) and cv. Hokkou 55 (earlier senescent), in a field study. The delay in leaf senescence in P3845 was correlated with increased levels of chlorophyll and nitrogen and a higher photon-saturated photosynthetic rate (P-sat). Compared with the earlier senescent Hokkou 55, P3845 showed enhanced contents of cytokinins (trans-zeatin riboside, t-ZR; dihydrozeatin riboside, DHZR; isopentenyladenosine, iPA) and reduced levels of ABA in its leaves. In roots, P3845 had increased levels of t-ZR, DHZR, and ABA, but decreased concentrations of iPA. It was concluded that a higher rate of cytokinin transport from roots to leaves contributes to the delay of senescence in P3845. By contrast, the translocation of ABA from roots to shoots may be blocked in the stay-green cultivar, which also results in retarded leaf senescence. P3845 ear leaves contained more malondialdehyde (MDA) and higher catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities than Hokkou 55. Since the accumulation of the mRNAs for Rubisco small subunit (rbcS), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), and SOD peaked after Chl content and P-sat had reached their maxima, it is speculated that when leaf senescence is initiated, Chl contents decrease first, followed by the degradation of the photosynthetic apparatus and of photosynthesis-related enzymes. See1 and See2 encode senescence-related cysteine proteases; their mRNAs were most abundant in yellowing leaves, suggesting that these proteins are involved in the process of senescence rather than its initiation. mRNAs of both genes were more abundant in Hokkou 55 than in P3845, which suggests a regulation of leaf senescence at the transcriptional level.
• Endogenous hormones and expression of senescence-related genes in different senescent types of maize

  P He, M Osaki, M Takebe, T Shinano, J Wasaki  JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY  56-  (414)  1117  -1128  2005/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Levels of cytokinins and abscisic acid (ABA) and the expression of senescence-related genes were investigated in two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars of different senescence type, cv. P3845 (stay-green) and cv. Hokkou 55 (earlier senescent), in a field study. The delay in leaf senescence in P3845 was correlated with increased levels of chlorophyll and nitrogen and a higher photon-saturated photosynthetic rate (P-sat). Compared with the earlier senescent Hokkou 55, P3845 showed enhanced contents of cytokinins (trans-zeatin riboside, t-ZR; dihydrozeatin riboside, DHZR; isopentenyladenosine, iPA) and reduced levels of ABA in its leaves. In roots, P3845 had increased levels of t-ZR, DHZR, and ABA, but decreased concentrations of iPA. It was concluded that a higher rate of cytokinin transport from roots to leaves contributes to the delay of senescence in P3845. By contrast, the translocation of ABA from roots to shoots may be blocked in the stay-green cultivar, which also results in retarded leaf senescence. P3845 ear leaves contained more malondialdehyde (MDA) and higher catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities than Hokkou 55. Since the accumulation of the mRNAs for Rubisco small subunit (rbcS), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), and SOD peaked after Chl content and P-sat had reached their maxima, it is speculated that when leaf senescence is initiated, Chl contents decrease first, followed by the degradation of the photosynthetic apparatus and of photosynthesis-related enzymes. See1 and See2 encode senescence-related cysteine proteases; their mRNAs were most abundant in yellowing leaves, suggesting that these proteins are involved in the process of senescence rather than its initiation. mRNAs of both genes were more abundant in Hokkou 55 than in P3845, which suggests a regulation of leaf senescence at the transcriptional level.
• (6)低リン適応応答に関与する遺伝子(2111)

  和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  農林水産省農林水産技術会議事務局研究成果  (430)  49  -51  2005/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Plant growth promotion abilities and microscale bacterial dynamics in the rhizosphere of Lupin analysed by phytate utilization ability

  Y Unno, K Okubo, J Wasaki, T Shinano, M Osaki  ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY  7-  (3)  396  -404  2005/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  In the rhizosphere, phosphorus (P) levels are low because of P uptake into the roots. Rhizobacteria live on carbon (C) exuded from roots, and may contribute to plant nutrition by liberating P from organic compounds such as phytates. We isolated over 300 phytate (Na-inositol hexa-phosphate; Na-IHP)-utilizing bacterial strains from the rhizosheath and the rhizoplane of Lupinus albus (L.). Almost all of the isolates were classified as Burkholderia based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Rhizosheath isolates cultured with Na-IHP as the only source of C and P showed lower P uptake at the same extracellular phytase activity than rhizoplane strains, suggesting that bacteria from the rhizosheath utilized phytate as a C source. Many isolates also utilized insoluble phytate (Al-IHP and/or Fe-IHP). In co-culture with Lotus japonicus seedlings, some isolates promoted plant growth significantly.
• 植物根圏におけるnifH遺伝子の分布と発現―PCR‐DGGE法による解析

  鈴木克昌, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳, 佐藤郭哉, 大崎満  植物微生物研究会研究交流会講演要旨集  14th-  (JA)128,(EN)129  2005/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• リン欠乏イネで強く発現が誘導される機能未知遺伝子OsPI1の解析

  和崎淳, 黒田幸浩, さい祥子, 小山博之, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  46th-  132  2005/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• プロテオーム手法による熱帯イネ品種(Siam Unus)の耐塩性機構の解析

  秋野京子, 斉藤徹, 福田琢哉, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳, 大崎満  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  46th-  330  2005/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Evaluation of phosphorus starvation inducible genes relating to efficient phosphorus utilization in rice

  T Shinano, M Nanamori, M Dohi, J Wasaki, M Osaki  PLANT AND SOIL  269-  (1-2)  81  -87  2005/02  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Plants develop strategies to recycle phosphorus so that all organs receive adequate amounts of phosphorus, especially new growing organs. To evaluate the metabolic adaptation of rice plants under phosphorus deficient conditions, we selected several genes related to phosphorus utilization efficiency in the cell. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, triose phosphate translocator, phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator (PPT), pyruvate kinase, NAD dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and NADP dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were selected because of their important roles in phosphorus utilization by the cell, and because they are part of the proposed bypass pathways by which the cells save phosphate. The most dramatic change was observed in the expression level of PPT (which transports phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) from the cytosol into the chloroplast); thus we believe that PEP may play an important role in maintaining carbon metabolism under phosphate deficient conditions.
• Evaluation of phosphorus starvation inducible genes relating to efficient phosphorus utilization in rice

  T Shinano, M Nanamori, M Dohi, J Wasaki, M Osaki  PLANT AND SOIL  269-  (1-2)  81  -87  2005/02  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Plants develop strategies to recycle phosphorus so that all organs receive adequate amounts of phosphorus, especially new growing organs. To evaluate the metabolic adaptation of rice plants under phosphorus deficient conditions, we selected several genes related to phosphorus utilization efficiency in the cell. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, triose phosphate translocator, phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator (PPT), pyruvate kinase, NAD dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and NADP dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were selected because of their important roles in phosphorus utilization by the cell, and because they are part of the proposed bypass pathways by which the cells save phosphate. The most dramatic change was observed in the expression level of PPT (which transports phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) from the cytosol into the chloroplast); thus we believe that PEP may play an important role in maintaining carbon metabolism under phosphate deficient conditions.
• Characterization of root systems with respect to morphological traits and nitrogen-absorbing ability in the new plant type of tropical rice lines

  H Samejima, M Kondo, O Ito, T Nozoe, T Shinano, M Osaki  JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION  28-  (5)  835  -850  2005  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The objective of this study was to characterize the root systems of the new plant type (NPT) of tropical rice (Oryza sative (L)) lines compared with the root system of IR72, one of the elite modern varieties. Two field experiments were conducted to observe plant growth under canopy conditions in the 1997 and 1998 wet seasons. In addition, a pot experiment was conducted in the 1998 dry season to observe plant growth under isolated conditions. The root systems of the NPT lines were characterized by roots heavier than those of IR72. The larger root dry weight (DW) is attributed partly to a genetically determined high root/shoot ratio because, irrespective of growth conditions, the ratio was larger in the NPT lines than in IR72. An increase in root DW was accompanied by an increase in the length of the whole root system, including fine roots. However, despite the differences between the NPT lines and IR72 in root DW and root length, there were no significant differences in the amount of nitrogen (N) absorbed throughout the growth period. Therefore, the specific absorption rate of N per root DW (SAR(N), mg N g(-1) root DW d(-1)) was lower in the NPT lines than in IR72. We concluded that, although the root systems of the NPT lines grew prolifically, they were not necessarily more efficient in terms of N absorption compared with the root system of IR72.
• Plant growth promotion abilities and micro-scale bacterial dynamics in the rhizosphere of Lupin.

  Environmental Microbiology,  7(3), 396-404.-  2005  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 「北海道大学 根圏研究グループ」

  根の研究(Root Research)  14(3). pp. 105-  2005  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Difference in carbon distribution of initial photoassimilates between soybean and rice was revealed by 20 s pulse – 300 s chase experiments.

  Okazaki, K, Shinano, T, Osaki, M  Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  51-  (6)  835  -840  2005  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Characterization of root systems with respect to morphological traits and nitrogen-absorbing ability in the new plant type of tropical rice lines

  H Samejima, M Kondo, O Ito, T Nozoe, T Shinano, M Osaki  JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION  28-  (5)  835  -850  2005  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The objective of this study was to characterize the root systems of the new plant type (NPT) of tropical rice (Oryza sative (L)) lines compared with the root system of IR72, one of the elite modern varieties. Two field experiments were conducted to observe plant growth under canopy conditions in the 1997 and 1998 wet seasons. In addition, a pot experiment was conducted in the 1998 dry season to observe plant growth under isolated conditions. The root systems of the NPT lines were characterized by roots heavier than those of IR72. The larger root dry weight (DW) is attributed partly to a genetically determined high root/shoot ratio because, irrespective of growth conditions, the ratio was larger in the NPT lines than in IR72. An increase in root DW was accompanied by an increase in the length of the whole root system, including fine roots. However, despite the differences between the NPT lines and IR72 in root DW and root length, there were no significant differences in the amount of nitrogen (N) absorbed throughout the growth period. Therefore, the specific absorption rate of N per root DW (SAR(N), mg N g(-1) root DW d(-1)) was lower in the NPT lines than in IR72. We concluded that, although the root systems of the NPT lines grew prolifically, they were not necessarily more efficient in terms of N absorption compared with the root system of IR72.
• Analysis of OsPI1 isolated as a novel gene from phosphate deficient rice

  J Wasaki, S Kuroda, S Sai, H Koyama, T Shinano, M Osaki  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY  46-  S57  -S57  2005  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Salt tolerance mechanism of tropical rice variety (Siam Unus) by proteome analysis

  K Akino, A Saito, T Fukuda, T Shinano, J Wasaki, M Osaki  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY  46-  S249  -S249  2005  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Characterization of root systems with respect to morphological traits and nitrogen-absorbing ability in the new plant type of tropical rice lines

  H Samejima, M Kondo, O Ito, T Nozoe, T Shinano, M Osaki  JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION  28-  (5)  835  -850  2005  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The objective of this study was to characterize the root systems of the new plant type (NPT) of tropical rice (Oryza sative (L)) lines compared with the root system of IR72, one of the elite modern varieties. Two field experiments were conducted to observe plant growth under canopy conditions in the 1997 and 1998 wet seasons. In addition, a pot experiment was conducted in the 1998 dry season to observe plant growth under isolated conditions. The root systems of the NPT lines were characterized by roots heavier than those of IR72. The larger root dry weight (DW) is attributed partly to a genetically determined high root/shoot ratio because, irrespective of growth conditions, the ratio was larger in the NPT lines than in IR72. An increase in root DW was accompanied by an increase in the length of the whole root system, including fine roots. However, despite the differences between the NPT lines and IR72 in root DW and root length, there were no significant differences in the amount of nitrogen (N) absorbed throughout the growth period. Therefore, the specific absorption rate of N per root DW (SAR(N), mg N g(-1) root DW d(-1)) was lower in the NPT lines than in IR72. We concluded that, although the root systems of the NPT lines grew prolifically, they were not necessarily more efficient in terms of N absorption compared with the root system of IR72.
• Response of determinate- and semi-determinate-types of common bean to elevated CO2 concentration in the atmosphere

  SD Kimura, T Shinano, H Nakashima, M Osaki  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  50-  (8)  1263  -1271  2004/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The growth of determinate-type and semi-determinate-type plants of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was studied at elevated (700 muL L-1) and ambient (350 muL L-1) CO2 concentrations in an open-top chamber. Successive changes in dry matter production and in the number of stems and branches were investigated. To evaluate the sink-source balance at different CO2 concentrations, (CO2)-C-13 was introduced to the leaves during the pod filling stage and the 13 C distribution profile was analyzed. In the elevated CO2 treatment, no significant differences in dry matter production were observed for the determinate-type plants, unlike in the semi-determinate-type ones, where the volume was 1.3 times bigger than those in the ambient CO2 treatment. This enhanced growth in the semi-determinate-type plants mainly involved the branches. Starch accumulation in leaves at elevated CO2 concentration was up to 200 and 300 mg glucose g DM-1 for determinate- and semi-determinate-types, respectively. Though the increased accumulation of starch under elevated CO, treatment was more pronounced in the semi-determinate-type plants, it appeared that photosyhthesis was not down-regulated. The net assimilation rate of the semi-determinate-type plants in the elevated CO2 treatment was generally higher than that in the ambient CO, treatment. The semi-determinate-type plants could take advantage of the elevated CO2 treatment for the distribution of photosynthates to branches, while in the determinate-type plants the growth of the branches could not be expanded, and consequently plant growth was not enhanced by elevated CO2 treatment.
• Allocation of C-14-carbon in two species of larch seedlings infected with ectomycorrhizal fungi

  LY Qu, T Shinano, AM Quoreshi, Y Tamai, M Osaki, T Koike  TREE PHYSIOLOGY  24-  (12)  1369  -1376  2004/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The flow of labeled carbon in ectomycorrhizal and non-ectomycorrhizal seedlings of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi Sarg.) and its F1 hybrid (Larix gmelinii Rupr. x L. kaempferi) was studied. Larch seedlings were grown in a greenhouse for 110 days with larch forest soil (FM) or Suillus grevillei (SM) inoculum, or in the absence of ectomycorrhizal fungi (NM). Shoots of colonized and NM seedlings were exposed to a pulse of (CO2)-C-14 for 1 h under natural light. Seedlings were harvested following 0, 6 and 24 h of exposure to (CO2)-C-14. At the final harvest, SM seedlings of Japanese larch and hybrid larch allocated 2.6 and 2.5% more C-14, respectively, to roots than NM seedlings. In contrast, FM seedlings of Japanese larch and hybrid larch allocated 6.5 and 18.0% more C-14, respectively, to the stem than NM seedlings. Of the total C-14 detected in needle, stem and root fractions, FM and SM seedlings allocated a greater proportion than NM seedlings, perhaps because FM and SM seedlings had significantly (P < 0.05) higher photosynthetic rates than NM seedlings. As a result, FM and SM seedlings had greater dry masses than NM seedlings. Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in FM and SM seedlings were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in NM seedlings, as was stomatal conductance.
• Response of determinate- and semi-determinate-types of common bean to elevated CO2 concentration in the atmosphere

  SD Kimura, T Shinano, H Nakashima, M Osaki  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  50-  (8)  1263  -1271  2004/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The growth of determinate-type and semi-determinate-type plants of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was studied at elevated (700 muL L-1) and ambient (350 muL L-1) CO2 concentrations in an open-top chamber. Successive changes in dry matter production and in the number of stems and branches were investigated. To evaluate the sink-source balance at different CO2 concentrations, (CO2)-C-13 was introduced to the leaves during the pod filling stage and the 13 C distribution profile was analyzed. In the elevated CO2 treatment, no significant differences in dry matter production were observed for the determinate-type plants, unlike in the semi-determinate-type ones, where the volume was 1.3 times bigger than those in the ambient CO2 treatment. This enhanced growth in the semi-determinate-type plants mainly involved the branches. Starch accumulation in leaves at elevated CO2 concentration was up to 200 and 300 mg glucose g DM-1 for determinate- and semi-determinate-types, respectively. Though the increased accumulation of starch under elevated CO, treatment was more pronounced in the semi-determinate-type plants, it appeared that photosyhthesis was not down-regulated. The net assimilation rate of the semi-determinate-type plants in the elevated CO2 treatment was generally higher than that in the ambient CO, treatment. The semi-determinate-type plants could take advantage of the elevated CO2 treatment for the distribution of photosynthates to branches, while in the determinate-type plants the growth of the branches could not be expanded, and consequently plant growth was not enhanced by elevated CO2 treatment.
• Allocation of C-14-carbon in two species of larch seedlings infected with ectomycorrhizal fungi

  LY Qu, T Shinano, AM Quoreshi, Y Tamai, M Osaki, T Koike  TREE PHYSIOLOGY  24-  (12)  1369  -1376  2004/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The flow of labeled carbon in ectomycorrhizal and non-ectomycorrhizal seedlings of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi Sarg.) and its F1 hybrid (Larix gmelinii Rupr. x L. kaempferi) was studied. Larch seedlings were grown in a greenhouse for 110 days with larch forest soil (FM) or Suillus grevillei (SM) inoculum, or in the absence of ectomycorrhizal fungi (NM). Shoots of colonized and NM seedlings were exposed to a pulse of (CO2)-C-14 for 1 h under natural light. Seedlings were harvested following 0, 6 and 24 h of exposure to (CO2)-C-14. At the final harvest, SM seedlings of Japanese larch and hybrid larch allocated 2.6 and 2.5% more C-14, respectively, to roots than NM seedlings. In contrast, FM seedlings of Japanese larch and hybrid larch allocated 6.5 and 18.0% more C-14, respectively, to the stem than NM seedlings. Of the total C-14 detected in needle, stem and root fractions, FM and SM seedlings allocated a greater proportion than NM seedlings, perhaps because FM and SM seedlings had significantly (P < 0.05) higher photosynthetic rates than NM seedlings. As a result, FM and SM seedlings had greater dry masses than NM seedlings. Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in FM and SM seedlings were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in NM seedlings, as was stomatal conductance.
• リン欠乏イネにリンを与えたときに発現量の変化する遺伝子の解析

  和崎淳, さい祥子, 大西一輝, 米谷竜馬, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本分子生物学会年会プログラム・講演要旨集  27th-  832  2004/11/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ナフタレン酢酸がカリウムおよび転流機構に及ぼす影響の調査(北海道支部講演会, 日本土壌肥料学会支部講演会講演要旨集2004年度)

  豊島 大智, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (50)  246  -246  2004/09/14  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 熱帯酸性土壌におけるイネの耐酸性メカニズムに関する研究(北海道支部講演会, 日本土壌肥料学会支部講演会講演要旨集2004年度)

  本間 さおり, Purnomo Erry, 橋床 泰之, 長谷川 利拡, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (50)  249  -249  2004/09/14  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 高CO_2条件がカラマツの生長および根活性におよぼす影響(北海道支部講演会, 日本土壌肥料学会支部講演会講演要旨集2004年度)

  山本 拓哉, 信濃 卓郎, 小池 孝良, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (50)  250  -250  2004/09/14  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 熱帯酸性土壌におけるイネの耐酸性メカニズムに関する研究

  本間さおり, PURNOMO E, 橋床泰之, 長谷川利拡, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  50-  (50)  249  -249  2004/09/14  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 高CO₂条件がカラマツの生長および根活性におよぼす影響

  山本拓哉, 信濃卓郎, 小池孝良, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  50-  (50)  250  -250  2004/09/14  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ナフタレン酢酸がカリウムおよび転流機構に及ぼす影響の調査

  豊島大智, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  50-  (50)  246  -246  2004/09/14  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Root-shoot interaction as a limiting factor of biomass productivity in new tropical rice lines

  H Samejima, M Kondo, O Ito, T Nozoe, T Shinano, H Samejima  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  50-  (4)  545  -554  2004/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The objective of the present study was to identify the limiting factors in biomass productivity of new tropical rice lines (panicle weight type) by analyzing the relationship between root and shoot activity. Five field experiments using three new lines, IR65598-112-2, IR65600-42-5-2, and IR68544-29-2-1-3-1-2, and one of the highest-yielding indica rice varieties (panicle number type), IR72, were conducted at the International Rice Research Institute from 1997 to 2002. Specific absorption rate of N (SAR(N), mg N g(-1) root dry weight d(-1)), specific stem sap exudation rate (sap exudation rate, g exudate g(-1) root dry weight 12 h(-1)) and specific root respiratory rate (root respiratory rate, mumol O-2 g(-1) root dry weight h-1) were determined as indices of root activity. Relative growth rate (RGR, mg g(-1) d(-1)) was used as an index of shoot activity. Compared with IR72, the new lines showed lower RGR and SAR(N) values during the early growth stages. In contrast, during the late growth stages, these activities were higher in the new lines than in IR72. The SAR(N), and sap exudation rate showed a linear correlation with RGR at successive growth stages, regardless of the genotypes and growth conditions. These findings indicated that active root-shoot interaction was maintained throughout the growth period in high-yielding tropical rice, including the new lines and IR72. Therefore, it was considered that SAR(N) and the sap exudation rate are useful indices of root activity regulating RGR in the new lines. However, the root respiratory rate could not be used for selection, because the relationship between RGR and the root respiratory rate changed with the growth conditions. Our findings support the hypothesis that root and shoot activities during maturation are important factors affecting the productivity of the new lines, which have not yet been able to attain the targeted yield.
• Root-shoot interaction as a limiting factor of biomass productivity in new tropical rice lines

  H Samejima, M Kondo, O Ito, T Nozoe, T Shinano, H Samejima  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  50-  (4)  545  -554  2004/08  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The objective of the present study was to identify the limiting factors in biomass productivity of new tropical rice lines (panicle weight type) by analyzing the relationship between root and shoot activity. Five field experiments using three new lines, IR65598-112-2, IR65600-42-5-2, and IR68544-29-2-1-3-1-2, and one of the highest-yielding indica rice varieties (panicle number type), IR72, were conducted at the International Rice Research Institute from 1997 to 2002. Specific absorption rate of N (SAR(N), mg N g(-1) root dry weight d(-1)), specific stem sap exudation rate (sap exudation rate, g exudate g(-1) root dry weight 12 h(-1)) and specific root respiratory rate (root respiratory rate, mumol O-2 g(-1) root dry weight h-1) were determined as indices of root activity. Relative growth rate (RGR, mg g(-1) d(-1)) was used as an index of shoot activity. Compared with IR72, the new lines showed lower RGR and SAR(N) values during the early growth stages. In contrast, during the late growth stages, these activities were higher in the new lines than in IR72. The SAR(N), and sap exudation rate showed a linear correlation with RGR at successive growth stages, regardless of the genotypes and growth conditions. These findings indicated that active root-shoot interaction was maintained throughout the growth period in high-yielding tropical rice, including the new lines and IR72. Therefore, it was considered that SAR(N) and the sap exudation rate are useful indices of root activity regulating RGR in the new lines. However, the root respiratory rate could not be used for selection, because the relationship between RGR and the root respiratory rate changed with the growth conditions. Our findings support the hypothesis that root and shoot activities during maturation are important factors affecting the productivity of the new lines, which have not yet been able to attain the targeted yield.
• Production of lupin acid phosphatase in transgenic rice for use as a phytate-hydrolyzing enzyme in animal feed

  A Hamada, K Yamaguchi, M Harada, S Nikumaru, J Wasaki, T Shinano, H Matsui, M Osaki, H Honda  BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY  68-  (7)  1611  -1616  2004/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The acid phosphatase gene from lupin was expressed in transgenic rice plants under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter or rice chlorophyll a/b binding protein (Cab) promoter. Transgenic rice leaves exhibited up to an 18-fold increase in phytate-hydrolyzing activity. Based on the phytate-hydrolyzing activity at pH 5.5, more than 85% this activity was retained after heat-treatment at 80degreesC for 15min, and the heterologous enzyme in leaf sections and leaf extracts was relatively stable during storage. A distinct increase in released phosphate was observed when the heterologous enzyme was mixed with the feed extract. These results suggest that the heterologous enzyme in rice plants may maintain its desired characteristics as a phytate-hydrolyzing enzyme when added to animal feed.
• Production of lupin acid phosphatase in transgenic rice for use as a phytate-hydrolyzing enzyme in animal feed

  A Hamada, K Yamaguchi, M Harada, S Nikumaru, J Wasaki, T Shinano, H Matsui, M Osaki, H Honda  BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY  68-  (7)  1611  -1616  2004/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The acid phosphatase gene from lupin was expressed in transgenic rice plants under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter or rice chlorophyll a/b binding protein (Cab) promoter. Transgenic rice leaves exhibited up to an 18-fold increase in phytate-hydrolyzing activity. Based on the phytate-hydrolyzing activity at pH 5.5, more than 85% this activity was retained after heat-treatment at 80degreesC for 15min, and the heterologous enzyme in leaf sections and leaf extracts was relatively stable during storage. A distinct increase in released phosphate was observed when the heterologous enzyme was mixed with the feed extract. These results suggest that the heterologous enzyme in rice plants may maintain its desired characteristics as a phytate-hydrolyzing enzyme when added to animal feed.
• 『光合成事典』, 日本光合成研究会 編, A5判, 430pp., 8,400円(税込), 学会出版センター, 東京, 2003年11月

  信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料學雜誌  75-  (3)  429  -429  2004/06/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 低リン欠乏時のイネにおけるリンの再生機構と炭素代謝の関係について

  信濃卓郎, 土肥真理子, 和崎淳, 大崎満  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  45th-  101  2004/03/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• リン欠乏イネにリンを与えた時に起きる遺伝子発現変化のマイクロアレイ解析

  和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大西一輝, 米谷竜馬, 矢崎潤史, 岸本直己, 菊池尚志, 大崎満  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  45th-  101  2004/03/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• イネ根の低リン・アルミニウムストレス応答に対するプロテオーム解析

  斉藤徹, 福田琢哉, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  45th-  221  2004/03/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Possibility of rhizosphere regulation using acid phosphatase and organic acid for recycling phosphorus in sewage sludge

  T Yamamura, H Dateki, J Wasaki, T Shinano, M Osaki  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  50-  (1)  77  -83  2004/02  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Root exudation of organic acids and acid phosphatase (APase) is important for the utilization of unavailable phosphorus (P) such as organic and sparingly soluble inorganic phosphate compounds in sewage sludge, which could become an important P source in the future, in view of the shortage of rock phosphate. Therefore, we studied a model of rhizosphere regulation, focused on the extraction of P from sewage sludge by applying APase and citric acid. By applying APase secreted from lupin roots and citric acid to sewage sludge, the amounts of organic and sparingly soluble inorganic phosphate compounds decreased and the amounts of soluble inorganic phosphates increased. These results indicate that APase and citric acid can release available inorganic phosphates from sewage sludge.
• Possibility of rhizosphere regulation using acid phosphatase and organic acid for recycling phosphorus in sewage sludge

  T Yamamura, H Dateki, J Wasaki, T Shinano, M Osaki  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  50-  (1)  77  -83  2004/02  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Root exudation of organic acids and acid phosphatase (APase) is important for the utilization of unavailable phosphorus (P) such as organic and sparingly soluble inorganic phosphate compounds in sewage sludge, which could become an important P source in the future, in view of the shortage of rock phosphate. Therefore, we studied a model of rhizosphere regulation, focused on the extraction of P from sewage sludge by applying APase and citric acid. By applying APase secreted from lupin roots and citric acid to sewage sludge, the amounts of organic and sparingly soluble inorganic phosphate compounds decreased and the amounts of soluble inorganic phosphates increased. These results indicate that APase and citric acid can release available inorganic phosphates from sewage sludge.
• Function of node unit in photosynthate distribution to root in higher plants

  M Osaki, T Shinano, M Yamada, S Yamada  PHOTOSYNTHETICA  42-  (1)  123  -131  2004  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Leaf-root interaction is a critical factor for plant growth during maturation and activity of roots is maintained by a sufficient supply of photosynthates. To explain photosynthate distribution among organs in field crops, the node unit hypothesis is proposed. One node unit consists of a leaf and an upper adventitous root, as well as the axillary organs and the lower adventitious, root, which is adjacent to one node. Using C-14 as tracer, the carbon distribution system has been clarified using spring wheat, soybean, tomato, and potato. The interrelationship among organs from the strongest to the weakest is in the following order: (1) within the node unit > (2) between the node unit in the same or adjacent phyllotaxy > (3) in the main root or apical organs, which are adjacent to the node unit. Within the node unit, C-14 assimilated in the leaf on the main stem tended to distribute to axillary organs in the same node unit. The C-14 assimilated in the leaf of axillary organs tended to distribute within the axillary organs, including adventitious roots in the axillary organ and then translocated to the leaf on the main leaf of the same node unit. In different organs of the node unit in the same or adjacent phyllotaxy, C-14 assimilated in the leaf on the main stem was also distributed to the organs (node unit) belonging to the same phyllotaxy in dicotyledons, while in monocotyledons, the effect of phyllotaxy on C-14 distribution was not clear. Among roots/apical organs and node unit, C-14 assimilated in the upper node unit was distributed to apical organs and C-14 assimilated in the lower node unit was distributed to roots. Thus the node unit hypothesis of photosynthate distribution among organs is very important for understanding the high productivity of field crops.
• Low phosphorus tolerance mechanisms: Phosphorus recycling and photosynthate partitioning in the tropical forage grass, Brachiaria hybrid cultivar mulato compared with rice

  M Nanamori, T Shinano, J Wasaki, T Yamamura, IM Rao, M Osaki  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY  45-  (4)  460  -469  2004  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato is well adapted to low-fertility acid soils deficient in phosphorus (P). To study the grassy forage's mechanisms for tolerating low P supply, we compared it with rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Kitaake). We tested by using nutrient solution cultures, and quantified the effects of P deficiency on the enzymatic activities of phosphohydrolases and on carbon metabolism in P-deficient leaves. While P deficiency markedly induced activity of phosphohydrolases in both crops, the ratio of inorganic phosphorus to total P in leaves was greater in Brachiaria hybrid. Phosphorus deficiency in leaves also markedly influenced the partitioning of carbon in both crops. In the Brachiaria hybrid, compared with rice, the smaller proportion of (14)C partitioned into sugars and the larger proportion into amino acids and organic acids in leaves coincided with decreased levels of sucrose and starch. Hence, in P-deficient leaves of the Brachiaria hybrid, triose-P was metabolized into amino acids or organic acids. Results thus indicate that the Brachiaria hybrid, compared with rice, tolerates low P supply to leaves by enhancing sugar catabolism and by inducing the activity of several phosphohydrolases. This apparently causes rapid P turnover and enables the Brachiaria hybrid to use P more efficiently.
• 書評：「光合成事典」

  日本土壌肥料学雑誌  75(3), pp. 429.-  2004  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Function of node unit in photosynthate distribution to root in higher plants

  M Osaki, T Shinano, M Yamada, S Yamada  PHOTOSYNTHETICA  42-  (1)  123  -131  2004  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Leaf-root interaction is a critical factor for plant growth during maturation and activity of roots is maintained by a sufficient supply of photosynthates. To explain photosynthate distribution among organs in field crops, the node unit hypothesis is proposed. One node unit consists of a leaf and an upper adventitous root, as well as the axillary organs and the lower adventitious, root, which is adjacent to one node. Using C-14 as tracer, the carbon distribution system has been clarified using spring wheat, soybean, tomato, and potato. The interrelationship among organs from the strongest to the weakest is in the following order: (1) within the node unit > (2) between the node unit in the same or adjacent phyllotaxy > (3) in the main root or apical organs, which are adjacent to the node unit. Within the node unit, C-14 assimilated in the leaf on the main stem tended to distribute to axillary organs in the same node unit. The C-14 assimilated in the leaf of axillary organs tended to distribute within the axillary organs, including adventitious roots in the axillary organ and then translocated to the leaf on the main leaf of the same node unit. In different organs of the node unit in the same or adjacent phyllotaxy, C-14 assimilated in the leaf on the main stem was also distributed to the organs (node unit) belonging to the same phyllotaxy in dicotyledons, while in monocotyledons, the effect of phyllotaxy on C-14 distribution was not clear. Among roots/apical organs and node unit, C-14 assimilated in the upper node unit was distributed to apical organs and C-14 assimilated in the lower node unit was distributed to roots. Thus the node unit hypothesis of photosynthate distribution among organs is very important for understanding the high productivity of field crops.
• Low phosphorus tolerance mechanisms: Phosphorus recycling and photosynthate partitioning in the tropical forage grass, Brachiaria hybrid cultivar mulato compared with rice

  M Nanamori, T Shinano, J Wasaki, T Yamamura, IM Rao, M Osaki  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY  45-  (4)  460  -469  2004  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato is well adapted to low-fertility acid soils deficient in phosphorus (P). To study the grassy forage's mechanisms for tolerating low P supply, we compared it with rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Kitaake). We tested by using nutrient solution cultures, and quantified the effects of P deficiency on the enzymatic activities of phosphohydrolases and on carbon metabolism in P-deficient leaves. While P deficiency markedly induced activity of phosphohydrolases in both crops, the ratio of inorganic phosphorus to total P in leaves was greater in Brachiaria hybrid. Phosphorus deficiency in leaves also markedly influenced the partitioning of carbon in both crops. In the Brachiaria hybrid, compared with rice, the smaller proportion of (14)C partitioned into sugars and the larger proportion into amino acids and organic acids in leaves coincided with decreased levels of sucrose and starch. Hence, in P-deficient leaves of the Brachiaria hybrid, triose-P was metabolized into amino acids or organic acids. Results thus indicate that the Brachiaria hybrid, compared with rice, tolerates low P supply to leaves by enhancing sugar catabolism and by inducing the activity of several phosphohydrolases. This apparently causes rapid P turnover and enables the Brachiaria hybrid to use P more efficiently.
• cDNA microarray analyses of rice genes regulated by phosphorus replenishment

  J Wasaki, T Shinano, K Onishi, R Yonetani, J Yazaki, N Kishimoto, S Kikuchi, M Osaki  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY  45-  S28  -S28  2004  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Recycling of phosphorus and carbon metabolism under phosphorus deficient conditions in rice

  T Shinano, M Dohi, J Wasaki, M Osaki  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY  45-  S28  -S28  2004  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Nitrogen Fixing Bacterial Communities Associated with Combretocarpus rotundatus and Xyris sp. in a Devastated Tropical Peatland Forest

  2004-  32  2004  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ルーピンとミヤコグサにおけるフィテート利用細菌と共同したフィテート利用戦略の解析

  海野佑介, 大久保研蔵, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  植物微生物研究会研究交流会講演要旨集  13th-  (JA)69,(EN)70  2003/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• シロバナルーピンの根圏における土壌微生物の機能および構造に及ぼすリン施与とCO₂濃度の影響

  和崎淳, ROTHE A, KANIA A, NEUMANN G, KANDELER E, ROEMHELD V, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  植物微生物研究会研究交流会講演要旨集  13th-  (JA)49,(EN)50  2003/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• イネにおいてリン栄養によって発現量の変化する遺伝子の解析

  和崎淳, 米谷竜馬, 大西一輝, 黒田幸浩, 土肥真理子, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本分子生物学会年会プログラム・講演要旨集  26th-  543  2003/11/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Transcriptomic analysis of metabolic changes by phosphorus stress in rice plant roots

  J Wasaki, R Yonetani, S Kuroda, T Shinano, J Yazaki, F Fujii, K Shimbo, K Yamamoto, K Sakata, T Sasaki, N Kishimoto, S Kikuchi, M Yamagishi, M Osaki  PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT  26-  (9)  1515  -1523  2003/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  As most soil phosphates exist as insoluble inorganic phosphate and organic phosphates, higher plants have developed several strategies for adaptation to low phosphorus (P). These include the secretion of acid phosphatase and organic acids, induction of the inorganic phosphate ( Pi) transporter and the substitution of some enzyme activities as alternative pathways to increase P utilization efficiency. It has been proposed that plants also have a 'pho regulon' system, as observed in yeast and Escherichia coli; however, the detail of the regulation system for gene expression on P status is still unclear in plants. To investigate the alteration of gene expression of rice roots grown under P-deficient conditions, a transcriptomic analysis was conducted using a cDNA microarray on rice. Based on the changes of gene expression under a - P treatment, the up-regulation of some genes due to P deficiency was confirmed. Some new important metabolic changes are suggested, namely: (1) acceleration of carbon supply for organic acid synthesis through glycolysis; (2) alteration of lipid metabolism; (3) rearrangement of compounds for cell wall; and (4) changes of gene expression related to the response for metallic elements such as Al, Fe and Zn.
• Transcriptomic analysis of metabolic changes by phosphorus stress in rice plant roots

  J Wasaki, R Yonetani, S Kuroda, T Shinano, J Yazaki, F Fujii, K Shimbo, K Yamamoto, K Sakata, T Sasaki, N Kishimoto, S Kikuchi, M Yamagishi, M Osaki  PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT  26-  (9)  1515  -1523  2003/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  As most soil phosphates exist as insoluble inorganic phosphate and organic phosphates, higher plants have developed several strategies for adaptation to low phosphorus (P). These include the secretion of acid phosphatase and organic acids, induction of the inorganic phosphate ( Pi) transporter and the substitution of some enzyme activities as alternative pathways to increase P utilization efficiency. It has been proposed that plants also have a 'pho regulon' system, as observed in yeast and Escherichia coli; however, the detail of the regulation system for gene expression on P status is still unclear in plants. To investigate the alteration of gene expression of rice roots grown under P-deficient conditions, a transcriptomic analysis was conducted using a cDNA microarray on rice. Based on the changes of gene expression under a - P treatment, the up-regulation of some genes due to P deficiency was confirmed. Some new important metabolic changes are suggested, namely: (1) acceleration of carbon supply for organic acid synthesis through glycolysis; (2) alteration of lipid metabolism; (3) rearrangement of compounds for cell wall; and (4) changes of gene expression related to the response for metallic elements such as Al, Fe and Zn.
• 11-8 Root activity and biomass productivity of new type of tropical rice plant

  Samejima Hiroaki, Kondo Motohiko, Ito Osamu, Nozoe Takuhito, Shinano Takuro, Osaki Mitsuru  Abstracts of the meeting, the Society of the Science of Soil and Manure  (49)  100  -100  2003/08/20
• 14 Mechanisms on leaf senescence balance related to grain formation in maize

  He Ping, Osaki Mitsuru, Shinano Takuro, Takebe Masako  Abstracts of the meeting, the Society of the Science of Soil and Manure  (49)  234  -234  2003/08/20
• 6-37 ルーピン根圏微生物叢の解析(6.土壌生物)

  鈴木 克昌, 海野 祐介, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (49)  48  -48  2003/08/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-38 不良環境条件下における植物微生物間相互作用(6.土壌生物)

  海野 祐介, 信濃 卓郎, 大久保 研蔵, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (49)  48  -48  2003/08/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-39 長期連用圃場から得られた根圏微生物の解析(6.土壌生物)

  信濃 卓郎, 鈴木 克昌, 海野 祐介, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (49)  48  -48  2003/08/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-63 イネ根でリン酸応答に関わるタンパク質の経時的な発現データベースの構築(9.植物の無機栄養)

  福田 琢哉, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 和崎 淳  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (49)  85  -85  2003/08/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-64 ルーピンクラスター根におけるAPase遺伝子の発現とリン獲得能(9.植物の無機栄養)

  山村 卓也, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (49)  86  -86  2003/08/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 10-10 イネにおける炭素・窒素代謝制御におよぼす短日処理の影響(10.植物の代謝)

  安藤 かおり, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (49)  93  -93  2003/08/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 10-11 ダイズとイネにおける初期光合成代謝機構の差異(10.植物の代謝)

  太田 浩義, 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (49)  93  -93  2003/08/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 12-8 ホウレンソウ中硝酸塩の養液土耕栽培による低減化(12.農産物の品質・成分)

  建部 雅子, 鍵下 恵太, 唐澤 敏彦, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (49)  106  -106  2003/08/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 1 イネとダイズにおける初期光合成代謝機構の差異(北海道支部講演会)

  岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (49)  231  -231  2003/08/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 2 イネとBrachiariaにおけるリン欠乏に対する炭素代謝の反応(北海道支部講演会)

  七森 理仁, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (49)  231  -231  2003/08/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 4 定量的リアルタイムPCRによる低リンストレス下における各種遺伝子の応答機構の解析(北海道支部講演会)

  黒田 幸浩, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (49)  231  -231  2003/08/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 5 低リンストレス下のイネの葉における炭素代謝および遺伝子発現の応答(北海道支部講演会)

  土肥 真理子, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (49)  232  -232  2003/08/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6.土壌生物 長期連用圃場から得られた根圏微生物の解析

  信濃卓郎, 鈴木克昌, 海野祐介, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  49-  48  2003/08/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 12. 農産物の品質・成分 ホウレンソウ中硝酸塩の養液土耕栽培による低減化

  建部雅子, 鍵下恵太, 唐沢敏彦, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  49-  106  2003/08/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 10. 植物の代謝 ダイズとイネにおける初期光合成代謝機構の差異

  太田浩義, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  49-  93  2003/08/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 10. 植物の代謝 イネにおける炭素・窒素代謝制御におよぼす短日処理の影響

  安藤かおり, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  49-  93  2003/08/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9. 植物の無機栄養 イネ根でリン酸応答に関わるタンパク質の経時的な発現データベースの構築

  福田琢哉, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  49-  85  2003/08/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6.土壌生物 ルーピン根圏微生物叢の解析

  鈴木克昌, 海野祐介, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  49-  48  2003/08/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9. 植物の無機栄養 ルーピンクラスター根におけるAPase遺伝子の発現とリン獲得能

  山村卓也, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  49-  86  2003/08/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6.土壌生物 不良環境条件下における植物微生物間相互作用

  海野祐介, 信濃卓郎, 大久保研蔵, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  49-  48  2003/08/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Breeding Wheat for Zinc Efficiency Improvement in Semi-arid Climate-A Review

  BEHL Rishi Kumar, OSAKI Mitsuru, WASAKI Jun, WATANABE Toshihiro, SHINANO Takuro  Tropics  12-  (4)  295  -312  2003/05/30  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Expression of the OsPI1 gene, cloned from rice roots using cDNA microarray, rapidly responds to phosphorus status

  J Wasaki, R Yonetani, T Shinano, M Kai, M Osaki  NEW PHYTOLOGIST  158-  (2)  239  -248  2003/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Plants have developed several methods of adapting to conditions of low phosphorus (P). However, details of the regulation of the gene expression system that responds to P status of plants is unknown. Here, a phosphorus limitation inducible novel gene was isolated and characterized to provide further information of plant adaptation to low P. Rice plants (Oryza sativa) were grown hydroponically with or without P. A novel gene was isolated by cDNA microarray analysis and designated as OsPI1 Oryza sativa Phosphate-limitation Inducible Gene 1). mRNA accumulation was examined by Northern blot and quantitative real time PCR. The OsPI1 gene was rapidly induced by phosphate starvation in both shoots and roots. When phosphate was supplied to phosphate-deficient plants, the OsPI1 transcripts rapidly disappeared. OsPI1 cDNA consisted of 375 bp and contained several small open reading frames (ORFs). The OsPI1 gene shows the same characteristics as the TPSI1 /Mt4 family (the phosphate starvation inducible novel gene family). It is suggested that OsPI1 acts as riboregulator, that is, it binds with other molecules under phosphate starvation and regulates their function.
• Expression of the OsPI1 gene, cloned from rice roots using cDNA microarray, rapidly responds to phosphorus status

  J Wasaki, R Yonetani, T Shinano, M Kai, M Osaki  NEW PHYTOLOGIST  158-  (2)  239  -248  2003/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Plants have developed several methods of adapting to conditions of low phosphorus (P). However, details of the regulation of the gene expression system that responds to P status of plants is unknown. Here, a phosphorus limitation inducible novel gene was isolated and characterized to provide further information of plant adaptation to low P. Rice plants (Oryza sativa) were grown hydroponically with or without P. A novel gene was isolated by cDNA microarray analysis and designated as OsPI1 Oryza sativa Phosphate-limitation Inducible Gene 1). mRNA accumulation was examined by Northern blot and quantitative real time PCR. The OsPI1 gene was rapidly induced by phosphate starvation in both shoots and roots. When phosphate was supplied to phosphate-deficient plants, the OsPI1 transcripts rapidly disappeared. OsPI1 cDNA consisted of 375 bp and contained several small open reading frames (ORFs). The OsPI1 gene shows the same characteristics as the TPSI1 /Mt4 family (the phosphate starvation inducible novel gene family). It is suggested that OsPI1 acts as riboregulator, that is, it binds with other molecules under phosphate starvation and regulates their function.
• Difference of the productivity between Gramineae and Leguminosae : From the viewpoint of respiration(Energy consumption in plants and animals)

  SHINANO Takuro  Japanese Journal of Ecology  53-  (1)  67  -70  2003/04/30  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 植物と動物におけるエネルギー消費 イネ科とマメ科の作物の生産性の違い 呼吸の観点から

  信濃卓郎  日本生態学会誌  53-  (1)  67  -70  2003/04/30  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 双子葉植物由来のフィターゼcDNAのクローニング

  金子洋平, 和崎淳, 中島款冬, 信濃卓郎, 伊藤浩之, 松井博和, 大崎満  日本農芸化学会大会講演要旨集  2003-  136  2003/03/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Comparison of whole system of carbon and nitrogen accumulation between two maize hybrids differing in leaf senescence

  P He, M Osaki, M Takebe, T Shinano  PHOTOSYNTHETICA  41-  (3)  399  -405  2003  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  A field experiment was conducted to investigate the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) balance in relation to grain formation and leaf senescence in two different senescent types of maize (Zea mays L.), one stay-green (cv. P3845) and one earlier senescent (cv. Hokkou 55). In comparison with Hokkou 55, P3845 had a higher N concentration (N-c) in the leaves and a higher specific N absorption rate by roots (SAR(N)), which indicated that a large amount of N was supplied to the leaves from the roots during maturation. This resulted in a higher photosynthetic rate, which supports saccharide distribution to roots. Thus, stay-green plants maintained a more balanced C and N metabolism between shoots and roots. Moreover, the coefficients of the relationship between the relative growth rate (RGR) and N-c, and between the photon-saturated photosynthetic rate (P-sat) and N-c were lower in P3845. The P-sat per unit N-c in leaves was lower in the stay-green cultivars, which indicated that high yield was attained by longer green area duration and not by a high P-sat per unit N-c in the leaf. Consequently, a high P-sat caused a high leaf senescence rate because C and N compounds will translocate actively from the leaves.
• Breeding Wheat for Zinc Efficiency Improvement in Semi-arid Climate-A Review

  BEHL Rishi Kumar, OSAKI Mitsuru, WASAKI Jun, WATANABE Toshihiro, SHINANO Takuro  Tropics  12(4), 295-312.-  (4)  295  -312  2003  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Mineral characteristics of the leaves of 166 plant species with different phylogeny in the temperate region

  M Osaki, S Yamada, T Ishizawa, T Watanabe, T Shinano, SJ Tuah, M Urayama  PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION  58-  (2)  139  -152  2003  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The P-N regression coefficient was moderate in Magnoliales, Coniferopsidae, Pteridophyta, and Asterids, but very high in Caryophyllids, and very low in Rosids. The K-N regression coefficient in trees remained constant regardless of evolution, and that in grasses was high except for Rosids compared with that in trees. The coefficient was very high in Caryophyllids and was very low in Rosids. The N-Ca and N-Mg relationship was not estimated at all, suggesting that the mechanism of Ca and Mg accumulation was completely different from that of N related accumulation. The Zn and Cu concentrations were related to the N concentration. The Al concentration in leaves was negatively correlated with the N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe concentrations, while the N, P, K, and Mn concentrations in leaves increased slightly with the increase of Al concentration in the high Al concentration. The Na concentration in leaves related negatively to the P, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn and Al concentration range. Thus, it was demonstrated that most of the minerals in leaves accumulate negatively Al and Na indicating that there are antagonistic mechanisms for mineral accumulation in leaves among Al or Na and other mineral elements.
• Mineral characteristics of the leaves of 166 plant species with different phylogeny in the temperate region

  M Osaki, S Yamada, T Ishizawa, T Watanabe, T Shinano, SJ Tuah, M Urayama  PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION  58-  (2)  139  -152  2003  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The P-N regression coefficient was moderate in Magnoliales, Coniferopsidae, Pteridophyta, and Asterids, but very high in Caryophyllids, and very low in Rosids. The K-N regression coefficient in trees remained constant regardless of evolution, and that in grasses was high except for Rosids compared with that in trees. The coefficient was very high in Caryophyllids and was very low in Rosids. The N-Ca and N-Mg relationship was not estimated at all, suggesting that the mechanism of Ca and Mg accumulation was completely different from that of N related accumulation. The Zn and Cu concentrations were related to the N concentration. The Al concentration in leaves was negatively correlated with the N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe concentrations, while the N, P, K, and Mn concentrations in leaves increased slightly with the increase of Al concentration in the high Al concentration. The Na concentration in leaves related negatively to the P, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn and Al concentration range. Thus, it was demonstrated that most of the minerals in leaves accumulate negatively Al and Na indicating that there are antagonistic mechanisms for mineral accumulation in leaves among Al or Na and other mineral elements.
• Nutritional characteristics of the leaves of native plants growing in adverse soils of humid tropical lowlands

  M Osaki, T Watanabe, T Ishizawa, C Nilnond, T Nuyim, T Shinano, M Urayama, SJ Tuah  PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION  58-  (2)  93  -115  2003  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Acid sulfate, peat, sandy podzolic, and saline soils are widely distributed in the lowlands of Thailand and Malaysia. The nutrient concentrations in the leaves of plants grown in these type of soils were studied with the aim of developing a nutritional strategy for adapting to such problem soils. In sago and oil palms that were well-adapted to peat soil, the N, P, and K concentrations were the same in the mature leaves, while the Ca, Mg, Na, and Fe concentrations were higher in the mature leaves of the oil palm than of the sago palm. Melastoma malabathricum and Melaleuca cajuputi plants that were well-adapted to low pH soils, peat, and acid sulfate soils were also studied. It was observed that a high amount of Al accumulated in the M. marabathricum leaves, while Al did not accumulate in M. cajuputi leaves. M. cajuputi plants accumulated large amounts of Na in their leaves or stems regardless of the exchangeable Na concentration in the soil, while M. malabathricum that was growing in saline-affected soils excluded Na. Positive relationships between macronutrients were recognized between P and N, between K and N, and between P and K. Al showed antagonistic relationships with P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Na. Na also showed antagonistic relationships with P, K, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Al. Fe showed weak antagonistic relationships with Zn, Mn, Cu, and Al.
• Secreted acid phosphatase is expressed in cluster roots of lupin in response to phosphorus deficiency

  J Wasaki, T Yamamura, T Shinano, M Osaki  PLANT AND SOIL  248-  (1-2)  129  -136  2003/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The roots of white lupin (Lupinus albus L. cv. Kievskij mutant) secrete acid phosphatase, S-APase, when they grow under conditions of low available phosphorus (P). S-APases hydrolyze organic phosphate compounds in the rhizosphere and supply inorganic phosphate to the plants. Low phosphorus availability also induces vigorous growth of cluster roots. In this study, the function of cluster roots was investigated with reference to S-APase secretion. White lupins were grown in hydroponic culture in a greenhouse under P-deficient and P-sufficient conditions. S-APase in the excised roots after treatment was detected by staining with 4-methylumbelliferone phosphate (MUP). Gene expression of S-APase in cluster and normal roots was also investigated. Activity was greatest in the roots of plants grown under conditions of P -deficiency, particularly in cluster roots. S-APase gene expression was induced by a decrease in internal P concentrations, and was especially high in cluster roots formed under conditions of P -deficiency. It was suggested that decrease of internal P concentration stimulated both of the S-APase expression and cluster root formation.
• イネ科とマメ科の作物の生産性の違いー呼吸の観点からー

  Japanese Journal of Ecology  53(1), 67-70-  2003  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Comparison of whole system of carbon and nitrogen accumulation between two maize hybrids differing in leaf senescence

  P He, M Osaki, M Takebe, T Shinano  PHOTOSYNTHETICA  41-  (3)  399  -405  2003  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  A field experiment was conducted to investigate the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) balance in relation to grain formation and leaf senescence in two different senescent types of maize (Zea mays L.), one stay-green (cv. P3845) and one earlier senescent (cv. Hokkou 55). In comparison with Hokkou 55, P3845 had a higher N concentration (N-c) in the leaves and a higher specific N absorption rate by roots (SAR(N)), which indicated that a large amount of N was supplied to the leaves from the roots during maturation. This resulted in a higher photosynthetic rate, which supports saccharide distribution to roots. Thus, stay-green plants maintained a more balanced C and N metabolism between shoots and roots. Moreover, the coefficients of the relationship between the relative growth rate (RGR) and N-c, and between the photon-saturated photosynthetic rate (P-sat) and N-c were lower in P3845. The P-sat per unit N-c in leaves was lower in the stay-green cultivars, which indicated that high yield was attained by longer green area duration and not by a high P-sat per unit N-c in the leaf. Consequently, a high P-sat caused a high leaf senescence rate because C and N compounds will translocate actively from the leaves.
• Breeding wheat for zinc efficiency improvement in semi-arid climate - A review.

  Tropics,  12(4), 295-312.-  2003  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Mineral characteristics of the leaves of 166 plant species with different phylogeny in the temperate region

  M Osaki, S Yamada, T Ishizawa, T Watanabe, T Shinano, SJ Tuah, M Urayama  PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION  58-  (2)  139  -152  2003  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The P-N regression coefficient was moderate in Magnoliales, Coniferopsidae, Pteridophyta, and Asterids, but very high in Caryophyllids, and very low in Rosids. The K-N regression coefficient in trees remained constant regardless of evolution, and that in grasses was high except for Rosids compared with that in trees. The coefficient was very high in Caryophyllids and was very low in Rosids. The N-Ca and N-Mg relationship was not estimated at all, suggesting that the mechanism of Ca and Mg accumulation was completely different from that of N related accumulation. The Zn and Cu concentrations were related to the N concentration. The Al concentration in leaves was negatively correlated with the N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe concentrations, while the N, P, K, and Mn concentrations in leaves increased slightly with the increase of Al concentration in the high Al concentration. The Na concentration in leaves related negatively to the P, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn and Al concentration range. Thus, it was demonstrated that most of the minerals in leaves accumulate negatively Al and Na indicating that there are antagonistic mechanisms for mineral accumulation in leaves among Al or Na and other mineral elements.
• Mineral characteristics of leaves of plants from different phylogeny grown in various soil types in the temperate region

  M Osaki, S Yamada, T Ishizawa, T Watanabe, T Shinano, M Urayama  PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION  58-  (2)  117  -137  2003  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The objective of this research was to analyze selected minerals in leaves of plants, belonging to 166 species growing in alluvial, low pH, brown forest and serpentine soils. Mineral characteristics of the soils involved were also determined. For the macronutrients, in trees grown in alluvial soil, N, P, Ca, and Mg concentrations of leaves were higher in recently evolved plants than in plants with a longer period of evolution; K concentration remained constant regardless of evolution. In grasses grown in alluvial soil, it was difficult to detect the general tendency of mineral concentration. N, P, and K concentrations in alluvial soil were closely related to those in low pH and serpentine soils. Ca concentration in alluvial soil was lower than that in low pH and serpentine soils. Mg concentration in alluvial soils was higher than that in low pH soils, while lower than that in serpentine soil. Therefore, N, P, and K accumulated according to the plant characteristics for these elements, while Ca and Mg accumulation was strongly affected by the soil properties. For the micronutrients, in trees, Fe and Mn remained constant regardless of evolution; Zn concentration was lower in recently-evolved plants than in plants with a longer period of evolution. In grasses, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations in Caryophyllids were high. Except for Caryophyllids, Fe and Cu concentrations remained constant, Mn concentration decreased with evolution, Zn concentration was higher in recently-evolved plants than in plants with a longer period of evolution.
• Nutritional characteristics of the leaves of native plants growing in adverse soils of humid tropical lowlands

  M Osaki, T Watanabe, T Ishizawa, C Nilnond, T Nuyim, T Shinano, M Urayama, SJ Tuah  PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION  58-  (2)  93  -115  2003  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Acid sulfate, peat, sandy podzolic, and saline soils are widely distributed in the lowlands of Thailand and Malaysia. The nutrient concentrations in the leaves of plants grown in these type of soils were studied with the aim of developing a nutritional strategy for adapting to such problem soils. In sago and oil palms that were well-adapted to peat soil, the N, P, and K concentrations were the same in the mature leaves, while the Ca, Mg, Na, and Fe concentrations were higher in the mature leaves of the oil palm than of the sago palm. Melastoma malabathricum and Melaleuca cajuputi plants that were well-adapted to low pH soils, peat, and acid sulfate soils were also studied. It was observed that a high amount of Al accumulated in the M. marabathricum leaves, while Al did not accumulate in M. cajuputi leaves. M. cajuputi plants accumulated large amounts of Na in their leaves or stems regardless of the exchangeable Na concentration in the soil, while M. malabathricum that was growing in saline-affected soils excluded Na. Positive relationships between macronutrients were recognized between P and N, between K and N, and between P and K. Al showed antagonistic relationships with P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Na. Na also showed antagonistic relationships with P, K, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Al. Fe showed weak antagonistic relationships with Zn, Mn, Cu, and Al.
• Secreted acid phosphatase is expressed in cluster roots of lupin in response to phosphorus deficiency

  J Wasaki, T Yamamura, T Shinano, M Osaki  PLANT AND SOIL  248-  (1-2)  129  -136  2003/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The roots of white lupin (Lupinus albus L. cv. Kievskij mutant) secrete acid phosphatase, S-APase, when they grow under conditions of low available phosphorus (P). S-APases hydrolyze organic phosphate compounds in the rhizosphere and supply inorganic phosphate to the plants. Low phosphorus availability also induces vigorous growth of cluster roots. In this study, the function of cluster roots was investigated with reference to S-APase secretion. White lupins were grown in hydroponic culture in a greenhouse under P-deficient and P-sufficient conditions. S-APase in the excised roots after treatment was detected by staining with 4-methylumbelliferone phosphate (MUP). Gene expression of S-APase in cluster and normal roots was also investigated. Activity was greatest in the roots of plants grown under conditions of P -deficiency, particularly in cluster roots. S-APase gene expression was induced by a decrease in internal P concentrations, and was especially high in cluster roots formed under conditions of P -deficiency. It was suggested that decrease of internal P concentration stimulated both of the S-APase expression and cluster root formation.
• Recycling of phosphorus on the aspect of carbon metabolism in phosphorus deficient rice

  T Shinano, M Nanamori, M Dohi, J Wasaki, M Osaki  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY  44-  S199  -S199  2003  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Gene expression under low phosphorus adaptation mechanism of rice

  S Kuroda, M Dohi, R Yonetani, K Onishi, J Wasaki, T Shinano, M Osaki  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY  44-  S199  -S199  2003  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Effect of low phosphorus stress on acid phosphatase expression of lupin

  J Wasaki, K Nakajima, T Shinano, M Osaki  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY  44-  S199  -S199  2003  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• イネ根でリン酸応答に関わるタンパク質の経時的な発現データベースの構築

  福田琢哉, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳  日本農芸化学会北海道支部・日本土壌肥料学会北海道支部・日本生物工学会北日本支部・日本応用糖質科学会北海道支部・北海道農芸化学協会合同学術講演会講演要旨  2003-  12  2003  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 低リン条件下でのルーピンクラスター根からの酸性フォスファターゼ分泌能の解析

  山村卓也, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本農芸化学会北海道支部・日本土壌肥料学会北海道支部・日本生物工学会北日本支部・日本応用糖質科学会北海道支部・北海道農芸化学協会合同学術講演会講演要旨  2003-  12  2003  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 熱帯イネnew plant type系統の根の特徴と乾物生産性

  鮫島啓彰, 近藤始彦, 伊藤治, 野副卓人, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本農芸化学会北海道支部・日本土壌肥料学会北海道支部・日本生物工学会北日本支部・日本応用糖質科学会北海道支部・北海道農芸化学協会合同学術講演会講演要旨  2003-  13  2003  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Cloning and characterization of four phosphate transporter cDNAs in tobacco

  M Kai, K Takazumi, H Adachi, J Wasaki, T Shinano, M Osaki  PLANT SCIENCE  163-  (4)  837  -846  2002/10  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Four distinct cDNAs (NtPT1, NtPT2, NtPT3. and NtPT4) encoding phosphate transporters were isolated from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). They show high degrees of similarity to known high-affinity phosphate transporters in higher plants. Northern blot analysis using probes specific to NtPT1 and NtPT2 and to NtPT3 and NtPT4 indicated that large quantities of these four transcripts accumulated under phosphate-deficient conditions. The transcripts of NtPT1/2 were detected in immature leaves. mature leaves, old leaves, stems, and roots, while those of NtPT3/4 were detected only in old leaves and roots. When tobacco was grown under phosphate-deficient conditions. the transcripts of NtPT1/2 and NtPT3/4 were systemically enhanced after reduction of the total phosphate concentration in each organ. On the other hand. when phosphate was supplied to phosphate-deficient plants, the transcripts of NtPT1/2 and NtPT3/4 decreased systemically before an increase in total phosphate concentration. These results suggest that high-affinity phosphate transporter genes are controlled at the level of transcription by two regulatory systems: one responds to the internal phosphate status and;the other to the external phosphate status. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Cloning and characterization of four phosphate transporter cDNAs in tobacco

  M Kai, K Takazumi, H Adachi, J Wasaki, T Shinano, M Osaki  PLANT SCIENCE  163-  (4)  837  -846  2002/10  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Four distinct cDNAs (NtPT1, NtPT2, NtPT3. and NtPT4) encoding phosphate transporters were isolated from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). They show high degrees of similarity to known high-affinity phosphate transporters in higher plants. Northern blot analysis using probes specific to NtPT1 and NtPT2 and to NtPT3 and NtPT4 indicated that large quantities of these four transcripts accumulated under phosphate-deficient conditions. The transcripts of NtPT1/2 were detected in immature leaves. mature leaves, old leaves, stems, and roots, while those of NtPT3/4 were detected only in old leaves and roots. When tobacco was grown under phosphate-deficient conditions. the transcripts of NtPT1/2 and NtPT3/4 were systemically enhanced after reduction of the total phosphate concentration in each organ. On the other hand. when phosphate was supplied to phosphate-deficient plants, the transcripts of NtPT1/2 and NtPT3/4 decreased systemically before an increase in total phosphate concentration. These results suggest that high-affinity phosphate transporter genes are controlled at the level of transcription by two regulatory systems: one responds to the internal phosphate status and;the other to the external phosphate status. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Nitrogen budgets and environmental capacity in farm systems in a large-scale karst region, southern China

  R Hatano, T Shinano, TG Zheng, M Okubo, ZW Li  NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS  63-  (2-3)  139  -149  2002/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Field surplus nitrogen (N) and farm disposal N are major sources of water pollution in farming systems. These sources are estimated from N budgets in field and whole farms, which are associated with the production and consumption of food. This study was conducted to evaluate these two pollution sources in the steep mountainous karst region of Quibainong, Guangxi Province, southern China. The region is, characterized as an area of upland farms, due to the shallow soils and rapid water drainage through cracks in the limestone. Although field surplus N in 1960 was only 4.1 kg N ha(-1), current field surplus N ranged from 10.1 to 463 kg N ha(-1), with values above 50 kg N ha(-1) in farms along roads and less than 40 kg N ha(-1) in the farms away from roads. The results obtained in near-road farms were similar to those in a previous study of N budgets in China. There was a significant positive correlation between the field surplus N and N application rate, including when the previous data were incorporated. The proportion of manure to total N application decreased with increase of N application. Chemical fertilizer was applied in greater quantity in economically rich farms. Therefore, the increase of field surplus N in Quibainong may be caused by economic improvement. Although livestock and human excreta were stocked in manure barns, unused excreta N increased with the increase of N excreted. The unused excreta N also increased with the decrease of feed self-sufficiency, but was not related to N application rate. These facts indicate that livestock husbandry in Quibainong is related to economic status of farms, but independently of crop production. The N application rate of more than 160 kg N ha(-1) increased field surplus N to an extent greater than crop uptake N, and a N application rate of more than 185 kg N ha(-1) increased the potential nitrate-N concentration to more than 10 mg L-1. Therefore, 160-185 kg N ha(-1) is suggested to be the environmental capacity to sustain optimal N cycling in Quibainong. The average value of excreta N produced on near-road farms in Quibainong was 171 kg N ha(-1). If excreta N was used evenly for crop cultivation without chemical fertilizer in whole fields, the optimal N cycling would be maintained. The survey conducted here using a questionnaire was effective in evaluating all kind of N flows in the farming systems.
• Nitrogen budgets and environmental capacity in farm systems in a large-scale karst region, southern China

  R Hatano, T Shinano, TG Zheng, M Okubo, ZW Li  NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS  63-  (2-3)  139  -149  2002/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Field surplus nitrogen (N) and farm disposal N are major sources of water pollution in farming systems. These sources are estimated from N budgets in field and whole farms, which are associated with the production and consumption of food. This study was conducted to evaluate these two pollution sources in the steep mountainous karst region of Quibainong, Guangxi Province, southern China. The region is, characterized as an area of upland farms, due to the shallow soils and rapid water drainage through cracks in the limestone. Although field surplus N in 1960 was only 4.1 kg N ha(-1), current field surplus N ranged from 10.1 to 463 kg N ha(-1), with values above 50 kg N ha(-1) in farms along roads and less than 40 kg N ha(-1) in the farms away from roads. The results obtained in near-road farms were similar to those in a previous study of N budgets in China. There was a significant positive correlation between the field surplus N and N application rate, including when the previous data were incorporated. The proportion of manure to total N application decreased with increase of N application. Chemical fertilizer was applied in greater quantity in economically rich farms. Therefore, the increase of field surplus N in Quibainong may be caused by economic improvement. Although livestock and human excreta were stocked in manure barns, unused excreta N increased with the increase of N excreted. The unused excreta N also increased with the decrease of feed self-sufficiency, but was not related to N application rate. These facts indicate that livestock husbandry in Quibainong is related to economic status of farms, but independently of crop production. The N application rate of more than 160 kg N ha(-1) increased field surplus N to an extent greater than crop uptake N, and a N application rate of more than 185 kg N ha(-1) increased the potential nitrate-N concentration to more than 10 mg L-1. Therefore, 160-185 kg N ha(-1) is suggested to be the environmental capacity to sustain optimal N cycling in Quibainong. The average value of excreta N produced on near-road farms in Quibainong was 171 kg N ha(-1). If excreta N was used evenly for crop cultivation without chemical fertilizer in whole fields, the optimal N cycling would be maintained. The survey conducted here using a questionnaire was effective in evaluating all kind of N flows in the farming systems.
• 11-2 Carbon and nitrogen balance in maize hybrids with different senescence appearance

  He Ping, Osaki Mitsuru, Takebe Masako, Shinano Takuro  Abstracts of the meeting, the Society of the Science of Soil and Manure  (48)  75  -75  2002/03/25
• 11-19 Relationships between stem sap exudation and other root characteristics in new plant type of tropical rice

  Samejima Hiroaki, Kondo Motohiko, Ito Osamu, Nozoe Takuhito, Shinano Takuro, Osaki Mitsuru  Abstracts of the meeting, the Society of the Science of Soil and Manure  (48)  81  -81  2002/03/25
• 9-19 イネ(Oryza sativa L.)の酸性ホスファターゼについて : その2 カルスから分泌される酸性ホスファターゼの構造的特徴(9.植物の無機栄養)

  福田 琢哉, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 和崎 淳  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (48)  52  -52  2002/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-20 低リン条件下でのルーピンクラスター根よりの酸性フォスファターゼ分泌機能(9.植物の無機栄養)

  山村 卓也, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (48)  52  -52  2002/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-21 リン欠乏イネ根で特異的に発現する新規遺伝子のマイクロアレイによる単離(9.植物の無機栄養)

  和崎 淳, 米谷 竜馬, 信濃 卓郎, 矢崎 潤史, 藤井 文子, 真保 佳納子, 山本 公子, 坂田 克巳, 佐々木 卓治, 岸本 直己, 菊池 尚志, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (48)  52  -52  2002/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-23 Performances of PEPC transgenic rice plants under phosphorus deficient conditions

  BEGUM Hasna Hena  Abstracts of the meeting, the Society of the Science of Soil and Manure  (48)  53  -53  2002/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-28 リン栄養が植物体内のリン形態に及ぼす影響(9.植物の無機栄養)

  七森 理仁, 山村 卓也, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (48)  55  -55  2002/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 23-4 シベリア永久凍土地帯におけるカラマツ林および草地の根圏窒素固定細菌の存在について(23.地域環境)

  信濃 卓郎, 森下 智陽, 橋床 泰之, 波多野 隆介  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (48)  139  -139  2002/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 14 ヨシにおける酸性フォスファターゼ遺伝子の解析(北海道支部講演会)

  齋木 里文, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (48)  196  -196  2002/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 植物の無機栄養 低リン条件下でのルーピンクラスター根よりの酸性フォスファターゼ分泌機能

  山村卓也, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  48-  (48)  52  -52  2002/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 植物の無機栄養 イネ(Oryza sativa L.)の酸性ホスファターゼについて その2 カルスから分泌される酸性ホスファターゼの構造的特徴

  福田琢哉, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  48-  (48)  52  -52  2002/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Performances of PEPC transgenic rice plants under phosphorus deficient conditions.

  BEGUM H H, OSAKI MITSURU, NANAMORI TADAHITO, WAZAKI ATSUSHI, SHINANO TAKURO  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  48-  (48)  53  -53  2002/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 地域環境 シベリア永久凍土地帯におけるカラマツ林および草地の根圏窒素固定細菌の存在について

  信濃卓郎, 森下智陽, 橋床泰之, 波多野隆介  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  48-  (48)  139  -139  2002/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 植物の無機栄養 リン栄養が植物体内のリン形態に及ぼす影響

  七森理仁, 山村卓也, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  48-  (48)  55  -55  2002/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 植物の無機栄養 リン欠乏イネ根で特異的に発現する新規遺伝子のマイクロアレイによる単離

  和崎淳, 米谷竜馬, 信濃卓郎, 矢崎潤史, 藤井文子, 真保佳納子, 山本公子, 菊池尚志, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  48-  (48)  52  -52  2002/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• イネ科の作物とマメ科の作物の生産性の違い 呼吸の観点から

  信濃卓郎  日本生態学会大会講演要旨集  49th-  112  2002/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ルーピンのクラスター根における酸性フォスファターゼ遺伝子の発現能

  山村卓也, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  42nd-  159  2002/03/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• マイクロアレイにより単離されたリン欠乏イネの根で特異的に誘導される新規遺伝子OsPI1の機能解析

  信濃卓郎, 米谷竜馬, 和崎淳, 大崎満  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  42nd-  272  2002/03/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• イネの低リン環境に応答する遺伝子のマイクロアレイによる解析

  和崎淳, 米谷竜馬, 黒田幸浩, 信濃卓郎, 矢崎潤史, 藤井文子, 岸本直己, 菊池尚志, 大崎満  日本植物生理学会年会要旨集  42nd-  272  2002/03/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Changes of photosynthetic characteristics in relation to leaf senescence in two maize hybrids with different senescent appearance

  P He, M Osaki, M Takebe, T Shinano  PHOTOSYNTHETICA  40-  (4)  547  -552  2002  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  A field experiment was conducted to investigate the changes in chlorophyll (Chl) and nitrogen (N) contents, ribulose1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCO) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) contents and PEPC activity, and the photon-saturated net photosynthetic rate (P-Nsat), and their relationships with leaf senescence in two maize hybrids with different senescent appearance. One stay-green (cv. P3845) and one earlier senescent (cv. Hokkou 55) hybrid were used in this study, and we found that Chl and N contents and the P-Nsat in individual leaves of P3845 were greater than those in corresponding leaves of Hokkou 55 at the successive growth stages. In addition, larger contents of RuBPCO and PEPC, and a greater activity of PEPC were observed in P3845. Due to the lower rates of decrease of Chl, RuBPCO, and PEPC amounts per unit of N, and the lower net C translocation rate per unit of N in the stay-green hybrid, leaf senescence was delayed in comparison to the earlier senescent hybrid.
• Effect of potassium nutrition on current photosynthesized carbon distribution to carbon and nitrogen compounds among rice, soybean, and sunflower

  S Yamada, M Osaki, T Shinano, M Yamada, M Ito, AT Permana  JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION  25-  (9)  1957  -1973  2002  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Type I crops (wheat and soybean), in which the potassium concentration (Kc) decreases when the nitrogen concentration (Nc) decreases, and type II crop (sunflower), in which Kc remains constant when Nc decreases, were grown in K-sufficient and K-deficient soils in pots. The CO2 exchange rate (Pnet; photosynthetic rate, PR; photorespiratory rate, and DR; dark respiratory rate), the distribution of photosynthesized C-14 to organs, and the chemical compounds and free amino acids in fully expanded leaves were investigated. The. results obtained can be summarized as follows. 1) Potassium (K) deficiency affected type II crop by causing a decrease in Pnet and an increase in PR and DR, while in type I crops, K deficiency affected the CO2 exchange rate less markedly. 2) Potassium (K) deficiency affected type II crop by causing the C-14 distribution ratio to TCA/amino acids to decrease at 0 hours after C-14 assimilation, and the C-14 distribution ratio to serine to increase at 0.5 hours after C-14 assimilation. In type I crops, the C-14 distribution ratio among chemical compounds and free amino acids were less affected by K deficiency 3) When (CO2)-C-14 was assimilated for 10min, the C-14 distribution ratio to organs was less affected by K deficiency in type I crops than in type II crop. In type II crop, the C-14 distribution ratio to the stem was reduced by K deficiency, an effect that was caused by a low C-14 translocation from the assimilated leaf blade. When C-14-sucrose and C-14-serine were introduced directly into the phloem, the translocation rate was not reduced by K deficiency in type II crop. When (CO2)-C-14 was assimilated into the leaf at a different leaf position, C-14 distribution was not affected in type I crops. In type II crop, however, when (CO2)-C-14 was assimilated into the lower leaf, C-14 distribution to the roots increased under K deficiency as compared to the control. 4) In type II crop when C-14-sucrose was introduced directly to the phloem, C-14 compounds were translocated quickly to the lower organs, especially the roots. When C-14-serine was introduced, a major part of the C-14 compounds remained in the assimilated leaf blade. Consequently, in type II crop, it can be assumed that current photosynthate distribution to TCA/amino acids and the distribution of carbon in serine to other amino acids are restricted by K deficiency at first, then, the photosynthetic rate and the translocation of photosynthates from the leaf blade are restricted by K deficiency.
• Changes of photosynthetic characteristics in relation to leaf senescence in two maize hybrids with different senescent appearance

  P He, M Osaki, M Takebe, T Shinano  PHOTOSYNTHETICA  40-  (4)  547  -552  2002  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  A field experiment was conducted to investigate the changes in chlorophyll (Chl) and nitrogen (N) contents, ribulose1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCO) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) contents and PEPC activity, and the photon-saturated net photosynthetic rate (P-Nsat), and their relationships with leaf senescence in two maize hybrids with different senescent appearance. One stay-green (cv. P3845) and one earlier senescent (cv. Hokkou 55) hybrid were used in this study, and we found that Chl and N contents and the P-Nsat in individual leaves of P3845 were greater than those in corresponding leaves of Hokkou 55 at the successive growth stages. In addition, larger contents of RuBPCO and PEPC, and a greater activity of PEPC were observed in P3845. Due to the lower rates of decrease of Chl, RuBPCO, and PEPC amounts per unit of N, and the lower net C translocation rate per unit of N in the stay-green hybrid, leaf senescence was delayed in comparison to the earlier senescent hybrid.
• Effect of potassium nutrition on current photosynthesized carbon distribution to carbon and nitrogen compounds among rice, soybean, and sunflower

  S Yamada, M Osaki, T Shinano, M Yamada, M Ito, AT Permana  JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION  25-  (9)  1957  -1973  2002  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Type I crops (wheat and soybean), in which the potassium concentration (Kc) decreases when the nitrogen concentration (Nc) decreases, and type II crop (sunflower), in which Kc remains constant when Nc decreases, were grown in K-sufficient and K-deficient soils in pots. The CO2 exchange rate (Pnet; photosynthetic rate, PR; photorespiratory rate, and DR; dark respiratory rate), the distribution of photosynthesized C-14 to organs, and the chemical compounds and free amino acids in fully expanded leaves were investigated. The. results obtained can be summarized as follows. 1) Potassium (K) deficiency affected type II crop by causing a decrease in Pnet and an increase in PR and DR, while in type I crops, K deficiency affected the CO2 exchange rate less markedly. 2) Potassium (K) deficiency affected type II crop by causing the C-14 distribution ratio to TCA/amino acids to decrease at 0 hours after C-14 assimilation, and the C-14 distribution ratio to serine to increase at 0.5 hours after C-14 assimilation. In type I crops, the C-14 distribution ratio among chemical compounds and free amino acids were less affected by K deficiency 3) When (CO2)-C-14 was assimilated for 10min, the C-14 distribution ratio to organs was less affected by K deficiency in type I crops than in type II crop. In type II crop, the C-14 distribution ratio to the stem was reduced by K deficiency, an effect that was caused by a low C-14 translocation from the assimilated leaf blade. When C-14-sucrose and C-14-serine were introduced directly into the phloem, the translocation rate was not reduced by K deficiency in type II crop. When (CO2)-C-14 was assimilated into the leaf at a different leaf position, C-14 distribution was not affected in type I crops. In type II crop, however, when (CO2)-C-14 was assimilated into the lower leaf, C-14 distribution to the roots increased under K deficiency as compared to the control. 4) In type II crop when C-14-sucrose was introduced directly to the phloem, C-14 compounds were translocated quickly to the lower organs, especially the roots. When C-14-serine was introduced, a major part of the C-14 compounds remained in the assimilated leaf blade. Consequently, in type II crop, it can be assumed that current photosynthate distribution to TCA/amino acids and the distribution of carbon in serine to other amino acids are restricted by K deficiency at first, then, the photosynthetic rate and the translocation of photosynthates from the leaf blade are restricted by K deficiency.
• Functional analysis of phosphorus deficient rice root specific gene OsPI1, obtained by microarray method

  T Shinano, R Yonetani, J Wasaki, M Osaki  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY  43-  S238  -S238  2002  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Expression of acid phosphatase gene in cluster roots of white lupin

  T Yamamura, J Wasaki, T Shinano, M Osaki  PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY  43-  S112  -S112  2002  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Response of common bean cultivars having different growth types to C0_2 enrichment

  SHIZUNO Ai, KIMURA Sonoko, TAJIMA Ryosuke, SHINANO Takuro, YOSHIDA Koichi, NAKASHIMA Hiroshi, OSAKI Mituru  日本育種学会・日本作物学会北海道談話会会報  (42)  109  -110  2001/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Effect of CO_2 enrichment on accumulation and translocation of photosynthate in common bean

  KIMURA Sonoko, TAJIMA Ryosuke, SHINANO Takuro, YOSHIDA Koichi, NAKASHIMA Hiroshi, OSAKI Mituru  日本育種学会・日本作物学会北海道談話会会報  (42)  111  -112  2001/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Characteristics of phosphoenolpyruvate phosphatase purified from Allium cepa

  T Shinano, R Yonetani, N Ushihara, H Adachi, J Wasaki, H Matsui, M Osaki  PLANT SCIENCE  161-  (5)  861  -869  2001/10  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  A phosphatase has been purified 1767-fold, to a final specific activity of 53.0 (mu mol pyruvate produced per min per mg protein), from the bulb of.4 Ilium cepa L. The enzyme has high specificity for a phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) substrate. The molecular mass of the enzyme is approximately 240 kDa, as determined by gel column chromatography. Although 52 and 42 kDa polypeptides were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SIDS-PAGE), their N-terminal amino acid sequences were the same. We deduce, therefore, that the enzyme consists of four polypeptide subunits of 52 kDa. The purified enzyme hydrolyzes a wide variety of phosphate esters. and the lowest K. was obtained with PEP (0.44 mM). The enzyme consumed 1 mol of PEP, with the release of 1 mol of phosphate and 1 mol of pyruvate, with no ATP formation during the enzymatic reaction in the presence of ADP and Mg2+. Therefore, the enzyme is thought to be a PEP phosphatase. A cDNA that encodes PEP phosphatase, the deduced amino acid sequence of which resembles that of the plant acid phosphatases, was also isolated from onion bulb RNA. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Characteristics of phosphoenolpyruvate phosphatase purified from Allium cepa

  T Shinano, R Yonetani, N Ushihara, H Adachi, J Wasaki, H Matsui, M Osaki  PLANT SCIENCE  161-  (5)  861  -869  2001/10  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  A phosphatase has been purified 1767-fold, to a final specific activity of 53.0 (mu mol pyruvate produced per min per mg protein), from the bulb of.4 Ilium cepa L. The enzyme has high specificity for a phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) substrate. The molecular mass of the enzyme is approximately 240 kDa, as determined by gel column chromatography. Although 52 and 42 kDa polypeptides were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SIDS-PAGE), their N-terminal amino acid sequences were the same. We deduce, therefore, that the enzyme consists of four polypeptide subunits of 52 kDa. The purified enzyme hydrolyzes a wide variety of phosphate esters. and the lowest K. was obtained with PEP (0.44 mM). The enzyme consumed 1 mol of PEP, with the release of 1 mol of phosphate and 1 mol of pyruvate, with no ATP formation during the enzymatic reaction in the presence of ADP and Mg2+. Therefore, the enzyme is thought to be a PEP phosphatase. A cDNA that encodes PEP phosphatase, the deduced amino acid sequence of which resembles that of the plant acid phosphatases, was also isolated from onion bulb RNA. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Differences in nitrogen economy of temperate trees

  T Shinano, M Osaki, M Kato  TREE PHYSIOLOGY  21-  (9)  617  -624  2001/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Twenty-four temperate tree species were classified into three groups based on cluster analysis of relative growth rate, nitrogen concentration, nitrogen-production efficiency, nitrogen-distribution ratio and nitrogen-use efficiency as follows: Group I (Asteridae and Rosidae), Group II (Dilleniidae and Hamamelidae) and Group III (Coniferopsidae). Relative growth rate (RGR) was high in Group II, moderate in Group I and low in Group III. The regression coefficient for the relationship between RGR and leaf nitrogen concentration was higher in Group II than in Group I, and no relationship was observed in Group III. Parameter analysis of RGR indicated that RGR per unit leaf nitrogen was important for all three groups, but that the allocation of nitrogen to leaves was particularly important in Groups I and II. The ratio of dark respiratory rate (R) to net photosynthetic rate (A) was higher in Group I than in Group II. Neither A nor R was measured in the Group III species. A linear relationship was observed between leaf nitrogen concentration and A in Group II, but this relationship was not evident in Group I.
• Differences in nitrogen economy of temperate trees

  T Shinano, M Osaki, M Kato  TREE PHYSIOLOGY  21-  (9)  617  -624  2001/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Twenty-four temperate tree species were classified into three groups based on cluster analysis of relative growth rate, nitrogen concentration, nitrogen-production efficiency, nitrogen-distribution ratio and nitrogen-use efficiency as follows: Group I (Asteridae and Rosidae), Group II (Dilleniidae and Hamamelidae) and Group III (Coniferopsidae). Relative growth rate (RGR) was high in Group II, moderate in Group I and low in Group III. The regression coefficient for the relationship between RGR and leaf nitrogen concentration was higher in Group II than in Group I, and no relationship was observed in Group III. Parameter analysis of RGR indicated that RGR per unit leaf nitrogen was important for all three groups, but that the allocation of nitrogen to leaves was particularly important in Groups I and II. The ratio of dark respiratory rate (R) to net photosynthetic rate (A) was higher in Group I than in Group II. Neither A nor R was measured in the Group III species. A linear relationship was observed between leaf nitrogen concentration and A in Group II, but this relationship was not evident in Group I.
• Effects of Elevated CO2 Concentration on Growth of Common : Bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L. )with Relation to Starch and Nitrogen Accumulation in Leaves

  木村 園子, 田島 亮介, 由田 宏一, 中嶋 博, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  北海道大学農学部農場研究報告  32-  (32)  7  -13  2001/03/29  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-52 Difference of the mineral characteristics in maize and amaranthus of C_4 plants

  PERMANA Asep Tata, SHINANO Takuro, OSAKI Mitsuru  Abstracts of the meeting, the Society of the Science of Soil and Manure  (47)  86  -86  2001/03/25
• 9-17 下水汚泥中に含まれるリンの有効利用法に関する研究(9.植物の無機栄養)

  山村 卓也, 伊達木 啓, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 山口 淳一, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  47-  (47)  2001/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-18 ルーピンにおける酸性フォスファターゼ活性プロファイルのリン欠乏による変化(9.植物の無機栄養)

  和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (47)  69  -69  2001/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-19 分泌性酸性フォスファターゼのタバコへの導入と発現能の解析(9.植物の無機栄養)

  伊達木 啓, 和崎 淳, 山村 卓也, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (47)  70  -70  2001/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-25 cDNAマイクロアレイ法によるイネの低リン応答機構の解析(9.植物の無機栄養)

  米谷 竜馬, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (47)  73  -73  2001/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-50 植物のカリウム吸収促進効果作用を持つ物質の単離・同定(9.植物の無機栄養)

  富田 将史, 信濃 卓郎, 橋床 泰之, 田原 哲士, 吉原 照彦, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (47)  85  -85  2001/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11-3 サイトウの窒素、糖、デンプン集積におよぼす高二酸化炭素濃度処理の影響(11.植物の栄養生態)

  木村 園子, 田島 亮介, 田所 優, 信濃 卓郎, 由田 宏一, 中嶋 博, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (47)  106  -106  2001/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ルーピンにおける酸性ホスファターゼ活性プロファイルのりん欠乏による変化

  和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  47-  (47)  69  -69  2001/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 植物のカリウム吸収促進効果作用を持つ物質の単離・同定

  富田将史, 信濃卓郎, 橋床泰之, 田原哲士, 吉原照彦, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  47-  (47)  85  -85  2001/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 分泌性酸性ホスファターゼのタバコへの導入と発現能の解析

  伊達木啓, 和崎淳, 山村卓也, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  47-  70  2001/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• サイトウの窒素,糖,デンプン集積におよぼす高二酸化炭素濃度処理の影響

  木村園子, 田島亮介, 田所優, 信濃卓郎, 由田宏一, 中嶋博, 大崎満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  47-  (47)  106  -106  2001/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• cDNAマイクロアレイ法によるイネの低りん応答機構の解析

  米谷竜馬, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  47-  73  2001/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 下水汚泥中に含まれるリンの有効利用法に関する研究

  山村卓也, 伊達木啓, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 山口淳一, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  47-  69  2001/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Ontogenetic changes of photosynthetic and dark respiration rates in relation to nitrogen content in individual leaves of field crops

  M Osaki, T Shinano, T Kaneda, S Yamada, T Nakamura  PHOTOSYNTHETICA  39-  (2)  205  -213  2001  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Ontogenetic changes of rates of photon-saturated photosynthesis (P-sat) and dark respiration (R-D) of individual leaves were examined in relation to nitrogen content (No) in rice, winter wheat, maize, soybean, field bean, tomato, potato, and beet. P-sat was positively correlated with Nc as follows: P-sat = Cf Nc + P-sat0, where Cf and P-sat0 are coefficients. The value of Cf was high in maize, medium in rice and soybean, and low in field bean, potato, tomato, and beet, of which difference was not explained by ribulose-1,5-bisphoshate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCO) content. R-D was explained by P-sat and/or Nc, however, two models must be applied according to plant species. R-D related linearly with P-sat and Nc in maize, field bean, and potato as follows: R-D = a P-sat + b, or R-D = a'Nc + b', where a, a', b and b' are coefficients. In other species, the R-D/P-sat ratio increased exponentially with the decrease of Nc as follows: R-D/P-sat = a exp(b Nc), where a and b are coefficients. Therefore, R-D in these crops was expressed as follows: ln(R-D) = ln(a P-sat) + b Nc, indicating that R-D in these crops was regulated by both P-sat and Nc.
• Plant growth based on interrelation between carbon and nitrogen translocation from leaves

  M Osaki, T Shinano  PHOTOSYNTHETICA  39-  (2)  197  -203  2001  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  In individual leaves, the photon-saturated photosynthetic activity (P-sat, expressed on a dry mass basis) was closely related to the nitrogen content (Nc) as follows: P-sat = Cf Nc + P-sat0, where Cf and P-sat0 are constants. On a whole plant basis, the relative growth rate (RGR) was closely related to Nc in canopy leaf as follows: RGR = DMf Nc + RGR(0), where DMf and RGR(0) are constants. However, the coefficients Cf and DMf were markedly different among plant species. To explain these differences, it is suggested that carbon assimilation (or dry matter production) is controlled by both the Nc in a leaf (or leaves) and by the net N translocation from leaves. This is supported by the finding that P-sat is related to the rate of S-35-methionine translocation from leaves. We propose another estimation method for the net N translocation rate (NFR) from leaves: Ne, after full leafing, is expressed as a function of time: Nc = (Nc(0) - Ncd) exp(-Nft) + Ncd, where Nf is a coefficient, t is the number of days after leaf emergence, Nc(0) is the initial value of Nc, and Ncd is the Nc of the dead leaf. The NFR is then calculated as NFR = Delta Nc/Deltat = -Nf (Nc - Ncd). Thus Nf is the coefficient for the NFR per unit Nc. NFR is a good indicator of net N translocation from leaves because NFR is closely related to the rate of S-35-methionine translocation from leaves. Since P-sat is related to the C-14-photosynthate translocation rate, Cf (or DMf) corresponds to the coefficient of saccharide translocation rate per unit amount of Nc. Cf (or DMf) is closely related to the Nf of individual leaves (or the Nf of canopy leaf). This indicates that C assimilation and C translocation from leaves are related to Nc. and N translocation from leaves (net translocation of N). Cf and Nf are negatively correlated with leaf longevity, which is important because a high or low CO2 assimilation rate in leaves is accompanied by a correspondingly high or low N translocation in leaf, and the degree of N translocation in leaves decreases or increases leaf longevity. Thus, since a relatively high P-sat (or RGR) is accompanied by a rapid Nc decrease in leaves, it is difficult to maintain a high P-sat (or RGR) for a sustained time period.
• 木村園子・田島亮介・由田宏一・中嶋博・信濃卓郎・大崎満、高CO2条件がサイトウの生育に及ぼす影響ー葉におけるデンプンと窒素の集積に関連して.

  北海道大学農学部農場研究報告  32, 7-13-  2001  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Ontogenetic changes of photosynthetic and dark respiration rates in relation to nitrogen content in individual leaves of field crops

  M Osaki, T Shinano, T Kaneda, S Yamada, T Nakamura  PHOTOSYNTHETICA  39-  (2)  205  -213  2001  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Ontogenetic changes of rates of photon-saturated photosynthesis (P-sat) and dark respiration (R-D) of individual leaves were examined in relation to nitrogen content (No) in rice, winter wheat, maize, soybean, field bean, tomato, potato, and beet. P-sat was positively correlated with Nc as follows: P-sat = Cf Nc + P-sat0, where Cf and P-sat0 are coefficients. The value of Cf was high in maize, medium in rice and soybean, and low in field bean, potato, tomato, and beet, of which difference was not explained by ribulose-1,5-bisphoshate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCO) content. R-D was explained by P-sat and/or Nc, however, two models must be applied according to plant species. R-D related linearly with P-sat and Nc in maize, field bean, and potato as follows: R-D = a P-sat + b, or R-D = a'Nc + b', where a, a', b and b' are coefficients. In other species, the R-D/P-sat ratio increased exponentially with the decrease of Nc as follows: R-D/P-sat = a exp(b Nc), where a and b are coefficients. Therefore, R-D in these crops was expressed as follows: ln(R-D) = ln(a P-sat) + b Nc, indicating that R-D in these crops was regulated by both P-sat and Nc.
• Plant growth based on interrelation between carbon and nitrogen translocation from leaves

  M Osaki, T Shinano  PHOTOSYNTHETICA  39-  (2)  197  -203  2001  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  In individual leaves, the photon-saturated photosynthetic activity (P-sat, expressed on a dry mass basis) was closely related to the nitrogen content (Nc) as follows: P-sat = Cf Nc + P-sat0, where Cf and P-sat0 are constants. On a whole plant basis, the relative growth rate (RGR) was closely related to Nc in canopy leaf as follows: RGR = DMf Nc + RGR(0), where DMf and RGR(0) are constants. However, the coefficients Cf and DMf were markedly different among plant species. To explain these differences, it is suggested that carbon assimilation (or dry matter production) is controlled by both the Nc in a leaf (or leaves) and by the net N translocation from leaves. This is supported by the finding that P-sat is related to the rate of S-35-methionine translocation from leaves. We propose another estimation method for the net N translocation rate (NFR) from leaves: Ne, after full leafing, is expressed as a function of time: Nc = (Nc(0) - Ncd) exp(-Nft) + Ncd, where Nf is a coefficient, t is the number of days after leaf emergence, Nc(0) is the initial value of Nc, and Ncd is the Nc of the dead leaf. The NFR is then calculated as NFR = Delta Nc/Deltat = -Nf (Nc - Ncd). Thus Nf is the coefficient for the NFR per unit Nc. NFR is a good indicator of net N translocation from leaves because NFR is closely related to the rate of S-35-methionine translocation from leaves. Since P-sat is related to the C-14-photosynthate translocation rate, Cf (or DMf) corresponds to the coefficient of saccharide translocation rate per unit amount of Nc. Cf (or DMf) is closely related to the Nf of individual leaves (or the Nf of canopy leaf). This indicates that C assimilation and C translocation from leaves are related to Nc. and N translocation from leaves (net translocation of N). Cf and Nf are negatively correlated with leaf longevity, which is important because a high or low CO2 assimilation rate in leaves is accompanied by a correspondingly high or low N translocation in leaf, and the degree of N translocation in leaves decreases or increases leaf longevity. Thus, since a relatively high P-sat (or RGR) is accompanied by a rapid Nc decrease in leaves, it is difficult to maintain a high P-sat (or RGR) for a sustained time period.
• Effect of CO_2 enrichment on accumulation and translocation of photosynthate in common bean

  KIMURA Sonoko, TAJIMA Ryosuke, SHINANO Takuro, YOSHIDA Koichi, NAKASHIMA Hiroshi, OSAKI Mituru  Report of the Hokkaido Branch, the Japanese Society of Breeding and Hokkaido Branch, the Crop Science Society of Japan  42-  (0)  111  -112  2001  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Response of common bean cultivars having different growth types to C0_2 enrichment

  SHIZUNO Ai, KIMURA Sonoko, TAJIMA Ryosuke, SHINANO Takuro, YOSHIDA Koichi, NAKASHIMA Hiroshi, OSAKI Mituru  Report of the Hokkaido Branch, the Japanese Society of Breeding and Hokkaido Branch, the Crop Science Society of Japan  42-  (0)  109  -110  2001  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Role of Respiration on Crop Productivity and Reconstruction of Carbon and Nitrogen Compounds

  Shinano T  Journal of the science of soil and manure, Japan  71-  (3)  311  -312  2000/06/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Molecular cloning and root specific expression of secretory acid phosphatase from phosphate deficient lupin (Lupinus albus L.)

  J Wasaki, M Omura, M Ando, H Dateki, T Shinano, M Osaki, H Ito, H Matsui, T Tadano  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  46-  (2)  427  -437  2000/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  During the growth of lupin (Lupinus albus L.) plants, a shortage of phosphate induces the secretion of acid phosphatase (APase) from their roots. We have already isolated and characterized the lasap1 cDNA clone for an APase from phosphate-deficient roots. In this paper, we report on an another cDNA clone, designated as lasap2, encoding secretory APase (S-APase) from phosphate-deficient lupin roots. The lasap2 cDNA consisted of 1,541 bp and had an open reading frame composed of 462 amino acid residues with a signal peptide of 34 residues. Several amino acid sequences of purified lupin S-APase were completely contained in the deduced amino acid sequence (LASAP2). The mature LASAP2 was highly hydrophilic, while the signal peptide was highly hydrophobic. The PSORT prediction program indicated that the mature LASAP2 might be secreted from cells. The primary sequence of LASAP2 shared about 70% homology with that of purple APase from germinating seeds of kidney bean as well as LASAP1, RT-PCR and Western blot analyses revealed that the accumulation of mRNAs and the corresponding proteins for S-APase encoded by lasap2 was induced only in roots under phosphate-deficient conditions, while it was assumed that the LASAP1 hydrolyzed phosphate ester compounds which reached the root surfaces or were released from old organs to the apoplastic space.
• Molecular cloning and root specific expression of secretory acid phosphatase from phosphate deficient lupin (Lupinus albus L.)

  J Wasaki, M Omura, M Ando, H Dateki, T Shinano, M Osaki, H Ito, H Matsui, T Tadano  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  46-  (2)  427  -437  2000/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  During the growth of lupin (Lupinus albus L.) plants, a shortage of phosphate induces the secretion of acid phosphatase (APase) from their roots. We have already isolated and characterized the lasap1 cDNA clone for an APase from phosphate-deficient roots. In this paper, we report on an another cDNA clone, designated as lasap2, encoding secretory APase (S-APase) from phosphate-deficient lupin roots. The lasap2 cDNA consisted of 1,541 bp and had an open reading frame composed of 462 amino acid residues with a signal peptide of 34 residues. Several amino acid sequences of purified lupin S-APase were completely contained in the deduced amino acid sequence (LASAP2). The mature LASAP2 was highly hydrophilic, while the signal peptide was highly hydrophobic. The PSORT prediction program indicated that the mature LASAP2 might be secreted from cells. The primary sequence of LASAP2 shared about 70% homology with that of purple APase from germinating seeds of kidney bean as well as LASAP1, RT-PCR and Western blot analyses revealed that the accumulation of mRNAs and the corresponding proteins for S-APase encoded by lasap2 was induced only in roots under phosphate-deficient conditions, while it was assumed that the LASAP1 hydrolyzed phosphate ester compounds which reached the root surfaces or were released from old organs to the apoplastic space.
• 9-43 分泌性酸性フォスファターゼおよび有機酸が下水汚泥中のリン放出に及ぼす効果(9.植物の無機栄養)

  山村 卓也, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (46)  87  -87  2000/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-45 イネ(Oryza sativa L.)の酸性ホスファターゼについて(9.植物の無機栄養)

  福田 琢哉, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 和崎 淳, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (46)  88  -88  2000/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11-3 高CO_2がコムギの生育と養分吸収におよぼす影響(11.植物の栄養生態)

  田所 優, 中村 このみ, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (46)  102  -102  2000/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 17-2 トウモロコシとアマランサスにおける根の生育と窒素吸収が硝酸の溶脱におよぼす影響の品種間差(17.畑地土壌肥沃度)

  アセップタタ アセップタタ, プルマナ プルマナ, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (46)  139  -139  2000/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 17-19 中国西南部石灰岩山岳地域における持続的作物生産性向上に関する研究1. : トウモロコシ栽培における肥培管理(17.畑地土壌肥沃度)

  信濃 卓郎, 鄭 泰根, 蒙 炎成, 譚 宏偉, 金澤 晋二郎, 長谷川 功, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (46)  148  -148  2000/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 17-20 中国西南部石灰岩山岳地域における持続的生物生産性向上に関する研究2. : ダイズ栽培における肥培管理(17.畑地土壌肥沃度)

  鄭 泰根, 信濃 卓郎, 蒙 炎成, 譚 宏偉, 長谷川 功, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (46)  148  -148  2000/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 奨-1 作物の生産性と炭素・窒素化合物の再構成における呼吸の役割(日本土壌肥料学会奨励賞)

  信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (46)  243  -243  2000/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6 植物生長調整剤MH-2号によるカリウム吸収促進作用機構の解析(北海道支部講演会)

  富田 将史, 白崎 千香子, 大澤 元成, 河原 優美子, 信濃 卓郎, 渡辺 実, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (46)  251  -251  2000/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 分泌性酸性フォスファターゼおよび有機酸が下水汚泥中のリン放出に及ぼす効果

  山村卓也, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 但野利明  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  46-  (46)  87  -87  2000/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 中国西南部石灰岩山岳地域における持続的作物生産性向上に関する研究 1. トウモロコシ栽培における肥培管理

  信濃卓郎, 鄭泰根, 蒙炎成, たん宏偉, 金沢晋二郎, 長谷川功, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  46-  (46)  148  -148  2000/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 中国西南部石灰岩山岳地域における持続的生物生産性向上に関する研究 2. ダイズ栽培における肥培管理

  鄭泰根, 信濃卓郎, 蒙炎成, たん宏偉, 長谷川功, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  46-  (46)  148  -148  2000/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 作物の生産性と炭素・窒素化合物の再構成における呼吸の役割

  信濃卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  46-  (46)  243  -243  2000/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• イネ(Oryza sativa L.)の酸性ホスファターゼについて

  福田琢哉, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  46-  (46)  88  -88  2000/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 高CO₂がコムギの生育と養分吸収におよぼす影響

  田所優, 中村このみ, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  46-  (46)  102  -102  2000/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• トウモロコシとアマランサスにおける根の生育と窒素吸収が硝酸の溶脱におよぼす影響の品種間差

  プルマナ アセップタタ, 信濃卓郎, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  46-  (46)  139  -139  2000/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 植物生長調整剤MH‐2号によるカリウム吸収促進作用機構の解析

  富田将史, 白崎千香子, 大沢元成, 河原優美子, 信濃卓郎, 渡辺実, 大崎満, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  46-  (46)  251  -251  2000/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Comparison of aluminum tolerance and phosphate absorption between rape (Brassica napus L.) and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) in relation to organic acid exudation

  HM Luo, T Watanabe, T Shinano, T Tadano  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  45-  (4)  897  -907  1999/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Aluminum (Al) tolerance and phosphate absorption in rape and tomato were compared under water culture and field conditions. The relative growth rate in the Al treatment compared with -Al treatment was similar in the two crops under water culture conditions, while under field conditions, the growth rate was 2- to 3-fold higher in rape than in tomato in spite of the higher Al concentration in the soil solution than in the culture solution. The relative amount of phosphate absorbed in the Al treatment compared with -Al was not appreciably different between rape and tomato under water culture conditions, while under field conditions, it was 3- to 6-fold larger in rape than in tomato. The exudation rate of citric acid by roots was much higher in rape than in tomato. The plant growth, root elongation, and amount of phosphate absorbed in rape were inhibited in the 150 mu M Al in the culture solution. However, the inhibition was alleviated by the addition of 200 mu M citric acid or 500 mu M malic acid. The P concentration in the culture solution decreased by the presence of Al as aluminum phosphate. However, addition of citric and malic acids increased the amount of phosphate released from the precipitated aluminum phosphate. In conclusion, one of the mechanisms for the higher Al tolerance and larger phosphate absorption in rape than in tomato under field conditions was ascribed to the higher concentration of exuded citric acid by Al in the rhizosphere. It was suggested that the exudation of citric acid might contribute to the detoxification of Al and to the increase phosphate availability in the rhizosphere in rape.
• Secreting portion of acid phosphatase in roots of lupin (Lupinus albus L.) and a key signal for the secretion from the roots

  J Wasaki, M Omura, M Ando, T Shinano, M Osaki, T Tadano  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  45-  (4)  937  -945  1999/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Studies were carried out to identify the secreting portion of acid phosphatase (APase) in roots of lupin (Lupinus albus L.) and a key signal for the secretion from the roots. When lupin was grown in a nutrient solution without phosphate, the APase activity on the whole root surface increased and it was particularly high on the proteoid roots. When lupin was grown in a nutrient solution with 1.1 mM phosphate and transferred to a medium gel without phosphate, the activity of the secreted APase increased over the whole root system. Lupin was grown in a nutrient solution with 1.1 mM phosphate, the excised roots were transferred to a medium gel without phosphate, and the secreted APase activity was examined by activity staining of the medium gel after removal of the roots. The results indicated that the APase secretion from lupin roots was induced by a low phosphate concentration in the growth medium within 6 h. Even when the phosphate concentration in the lupin roots was sufficiently high, APase was secreted. It is concluded that a key signal for the APase secretion from lupin roots is not the low internal phosphate concentration, but the low phosphate concentration in the external solution.
• Comparison of aluminum tolerance and phosphate absorption between rape (Brassica napus L.) and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) in relation to organic acid exudation

  HM Luo, T Watanabe, T Shinano, T Tadano  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  45-  (4)  897  -907  1999/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Aluminum (Al) tolerance and phosphate absorption in rape and tomato were compared under water culture and field conditions. The relative growth rate in the Al treatment compared with -Al treatment was similar in the two crops under water culture conditions, while under field conditions, the growth rate was 2- to 3-fold higher in rape than in tomato in spite of the higher Al concentration in the soil solution than in the culture solution. The relative amount of phosphate absorbed in the Al treatment compared with -Al was not appreciably different between rape and tomato under water culture conditions, while under field conditions, it was 3- to 6-fold larger in rape than in tomato. The exudation rate of citric acid by roots was much higher in rape than in tomato. The plant growth, root elongation, and amount of phosphate absorbed in rape were inhibited in the 150 mu M Al in the culture solution. However, the inhibition was alleviated by the addition of 200 mu M citric acid or 500 mu M malic acid. The P concentration in the culture solution decreased by the presence of Al as aluminum phosphate. However, addition of citric and malic acids increased the amount of phosphate released from the precipitated aluminum phosphate. In conclusion, one of the mechanisms for the higher Al tolerance and larger phosphate absorption in rape than in tomato under field conditions was ascribed to the higher concentration of exuded citric acid by Al in the rhizosphere. It was suggested that the exudation of citric acid might contribute to the detoxification of Al and to the increase phosphate availability in the rhizosphere in rape.
• Secreting portion of acid phosphatase in roots of lupin (Lupinus albus L.) and a key signal for the secretion from the roots

  J Wasaki, M Omura, M Ando, T Shinano, M Osaki, T Tadano  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  45-  (4)  937  -945  1999/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Studies were carried out to identify the secreting portion of acid phosphatase (APase) in roots of lupin (Lupinus albus L.) and a key signal for the secretion from the roots. When lupin was grown in a nutrient solution without phosphate, the APase activity on the whole root surface increased and it was particularly high on the proteoid roots. When lupin was grown in a nutrient solution with 1.1 mM phosphate and transferred to a medium gel without phosphate, the activity of the secreted APase increased over the whole root system. Lupin was grown in a nutrient solution with 1.1 mM phosphate, the excised roots were transferred to a medium gel without phosphate, and the secreted APase activity was examined by activity staining of the medium gel after removal of the roots. The results indicated that the APase secretion from lupin roots was induced by a low phosphate concentration in the growth medium within 6 h. Even when the phosphate concentration in the lupin roots was sufficiently high, APase was secreted. It is concluded that a key signal for the APase secretion from lupin roots is not the low internal phosphate concentration, but the low phosphate concentration in the external solution.
• 8 リン栄養状態を異にする作物のアルミニウム耐性(北海道支部講演会)

  羅 会明, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  45-  (45)  322  -322  1999/07/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-26 タマネギ鱗茎より得たPEP-phosphataseの機能解析(9.植物の無機栄養)

  牛原 名保子, 信濃 卓郎, 安達 博史, 大崎 満, 松井 博和, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  (45)  99  -99  1999/07/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-28 低リンで誘導されるルーピン根分泌性酸性フォスファターゼの遺伝子 : 4.構造および発現の特徴(9.植物の無機栄養)

  和崎 淳, 大村 正徳, 伊達 木啓, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 伊藤 浩之, 松井 博和, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  45-  (45)  100  -100  1999/07/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-29 タバコのリン酸トランスポーター遺伝子のクローニングと発現解析(9.植物の無機栄養)

  甲斐 元士, 高澄 耕次, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  45-  (45)  101  -101  1999/07/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 10-3 PEPCタンパク質を高発現させた形質転換体イネの炭素・窒素代謝 : I.光合成産物の分配制御(10.植物の代謝)

  大崎 満, 宮武 宏彰, 鄭 泰根, 信濃 卓郎, 宮尾 光恵, 松岡 信, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  45-  (45)  118  -118  1999/07/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 10-4 PEPCタンパク質を高発現させた形質転換体イネの炭素・窒素代謝 : II.高CO_2処理の影響(10.植物の代謝)

  田所 優, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 宮尾 光恵, 松岡 信, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  45-  (45)  118  -118  1999/07/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 10-6 PEPCタンパク質を高発現させた形質転換体イネの炭素・窒素代謝 : IV.イネの耐塩性向上の可能性(10.植物の代謝)

  宮武 宏彰, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 宮尾 光恵, 松岡 信, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  45-  (45)  119  -119  1999/07/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 2 多収性熱帯イネの根の生育と窒素吸収能の推移(北海道支部講演会)

  飯島 啓彰, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 伊藤 治, 近藤 始彦, Kirk G. J, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  45-  (45)  319  -319  1999/07/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• タバコのリン酸トランスポーター遺伝子のクローニングと発現解析

  甲斐元士, 高澄耕次, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  45-  101  -101  1999/07/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Does the green revolution recur ? Directions of "New Plant Type" rice.

  SAMEJIMA HIROAKI, SHINANO TAKURO  化学と生物  37-  (7)  461  -463  1999/07/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• PEPCタンパク質を高発現させた形質転換体イネの炭素・窒素代謝 I. 光合成産物の分配制御

  大崎満, 宮武宏彰, 鄭泰根, 信濃卓郎, 宮尾光恵, 松岡信, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  45-  118  -118  1999/07/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• タマネギ鱗茎より得たPEP‐phosphataseの機能解析

  牛原名保子, 信濃卓郎, 安達博史, 大崎満, 松井博和, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  45-  (45)  99  -99  1999/07/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 多収性熱帯イネの根の生育と窒素吸収能の推移

  鮫島啓彰, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎, 伊藤治, 近藤始彦, KIRK G J, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  45-  319  -319  1999/07/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 低リンで誘導されるルーピン根分泌性酸性フォスファターゼの遺伝子 4. 構造および発現の特徴

  和崎淳, 大村正徳, 伊達木啓, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 伊藤浩之, 松井博和, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  45-  100  -100  1999/07/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• PEPCタンパク質を高発現させた形質転換体イネの炭素・窒素代謝 IV. イネの耐塩性向上の可能性

  宮武宏彰, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎, 宮尾光恵, 松岡信, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  45-  119  -119  1999/07/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• リン栄養状態を異にする作物のアルミニウム耐性

  羅会明, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  45-  322  -322  1999/07/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• PEPCタンパク質を高発現させた形質転換体イネの炭素・窒素代謝 II. 高CO₂処理の影響

  田所優, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 宮尾光恵, 松岡信, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  45-  118  -118  1999/07/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 呼吸と植物生育の関係制御の可能性

  信濃卓郎  日本農芸化学会北海道支部・日本土壌肥料学会北海道支部・日本生物工学会北日本支部・日本応用糖質科学会北海道支部・北海道農芸化学協会合同学術講演会講演要旨  1999-  3  1999/07/17  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• The effect of CO2 enrichment on the growth of nodulated and non-nodulated isogenic types of soybean raised under two nitrogen concentrations

  T. Nakamura, T. Koike, T. Lei, K. Ohashi, T. Shinano, T. Tadano  Photosynthetica  37-  (1)  61  -70  1999  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  To find the effects of CO2 enrichment on plant development and photosynthetic capacity of nodulated (line A62-1) and non-nodulated (line A62-2) isogenic lines of soybean (Glycine max Merr.), we examined the interactions among two CO2 treatments (36±3 Pa = AC and 70±5 Pa = EC), and two nitrogen concentrations [0 g(N) m-2(land area) = 0N 30 g(N) m-2(land area) = 30N]. Nodules were found in both CO2 treatments in 0N of A62-1 where the number and dry mass of nodules increased from AC to EC. While the allocation of dry mass to root and shoot and the amount of N in each organ did not differ between the growth CO2 concentrations, there was larger N allocation to roots in 0N than in 30N for A62-2. The CO2-dependence of net photosynthetic rate (P(N)) for A62-1 was unaffected by both CO2 and N treatments. In contrast, the CO2-dependence of P(N) was lower in 0N than in 30N for A62-2, but it was independent of CO2 treatment. P(N) per unit N content was unaffected by CO2 concentrations. The leaf area of both soybean lines grown in 30N increased in EC. But in 0N, only the nodulated A62-1 showed an increase in leaf area in EC. Nitrogen use efficiency of plants, NUE [(total dry mass of the plant)/(amount of N accumulated in the plant)] in 30N was unaffected by CO2 treatments. In 0N, NUE in EC was lower than in AC in A62-1, and was higher than that at AC in A62-2. Hence, the larger amount and/or rate of N fixation with the increase of the sink-size of symbiotic microorganisms supplied adequate N to the plant under EC. In EC, N deficiency caused the down-regulation of the soybean plant.
• The effect of CO2 enrichment on the growth of nodulated and non-nodulated isogenic types of soybean raised under two nitrogen concentrations

  T. Nakamura, T. Koike, T. Lei, K. Ohashi, T. Shinano, T. Tadano  Photosynthetica  37-  (1)  61  -70  1999  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  To find the effects of CO2 enrichment on plant development and photosynthetic capacity of nodulated (line A62-1) and non-nodulated (line A62-2) isogenic lines of soybean (Glycine max Merr.), we examined the interactions among two CO2 treatments (36±3 Pa = AC and 70±5 Pa = EC), and two nitrogen concentrations [0 g(N) m-2(land area) = 0N 30 g(N) m-2(land area) = 30N]. Nodules were found in both CO2 treatments in 0N of A62-1 where the number and dry mass of nodules increased from AC to EC. While the allocation of dry mass to root and shoot and the amount of N in each organ did not differ between the growth CO2 concentrations, there was larger N allocation to roots in 0N than in 30N for A62-2. The CO2-dependence of net photosynthetic rate (P(N)) for A62-1 was unaffected by both CO2 and N treatments. In contrast, the CO2-dependence of P(N) was lower in 0N than in 30N for A62-2, but it was independent of CO2 treatment. P(N) per unit N content was unaffected by CO2 concentrations. The leaf area of both soybean lines grown in 30N increased in EC. But in 0N, only the nodulated A62-1 showed an increase in leaf area in EC. Nitrogen use efficiency of plants, NUE [(total dry mass of the plant)/(amount of N accumulated in the plant)] in 30N was unaffected by CO2 treatments. In 0N, NUE in EC was lower than in AC in A62-1, and was higher than that at AC in A62-2. Hence, the larger amount and/or rate of N fixation with the increase of the sink-size of symbiotic microorganisms supplied adequate N to the plant under EC. In EC, N deficiency caused the down-regulation of the soybean plant.
• 8 リン栄養状態を異にする作物のアルミニウム耐性(北海道支部講演会)

  羅 会明, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  45-  (0)  322  -322  1999  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 2 多収性熱帯イネの根の生育と窒素吸収能の推移(北海道支部講演会)

  飯島 啓彰, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 伊藤 治, 近藤 始彦, Kirk G. J, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  45-  (0)  319  -319  1999  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-29 タバコのリン酸トランスポーター遺伝子のクローニングと発現解析(9.植物の無機栄養)

  甲斐 元士, 高澄 耕次, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  45-  (0)  101  -101  1999  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-28 低リンで誘導されるルーピン根分泌性酸性フォスファターゼの遺伝子 : 4.構造および発現の特徴(9.植物の無機栄養)

  和崎 淳, 大村 正徳, 伊達 木啓, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 伊藤 浩之, 松井 博和, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  45-  (0)  100  -100  1999  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 10-3 PEPCタンパク質を高発現させた形質転換体イネの炭素・窒素代謝 : I.光合成産物の分配制御(10.植物の代謝)

  大崎 満, 宮武 宏彰, 鄭 泰根, 信濃 卓郎, 宮尾 光恵, 松岡 信, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  45-  (0)  1999  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 10-4 PEPCタンパク質を高発現させた形質転換体イネの炭素・窒素代謝 : II.高CO_2処理の影響(10.植物の代謝)

  田所 優, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 宮尾 光恵, 松岡 信, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  45-  (0)  1999  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 10-6 PEPCタンパク質を高発現させた形質転換体イネの炭素・窒素代謝 : IV.イネの耐塩性向上の可能性(10.植物の代謝)

  宮武 宏彰, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 宮尾 光恵, 松岡 信, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  45-  (0)  1999  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Does the green revolution recur ? Directions of "New Plant Type" rice.

  鮫島 啓彰, 信濃 卓郎  KAGAKU TO SEIBUTSU  37-  (7)  461  -463  1999  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 植物体内でのAlとSiの局在性 (文部省S)

  佐藤純子, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎, 但野利秋  植物・土壌系におけるアルミニウムとケイ酸の相互作用の機構解明 平成8-10年度 No.08406007  59  -69  1999  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-29 ケイ酸によるアルミニウム毒性軽減作用(9.植物の無機栄養)

  佐藤 純子, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  44-  (44)  79  -79  1998/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 10-2 ^<14>C分配機構の植物種間差(10.植物の代謝)

  信濃 卓郎, 鮫島 啓彰, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  44-  (44)  90  -90  1998/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 10-9 低リン条件で誘導されるルーピン根分泌性酸性フォスファターゼの遺伝子解析 : その3 ゲノム解析およびアイソザイムの存在の可能性(10.植物の代謝)

  和崎 淳, 大村 正徳, 大崎 満, 松井 博和, 伊藤 浩之, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  44-  (44)  94  -94  1998/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 10-10 タマネギ鱗茎からのPEP-Phosphataseの精製と機能解析(10.植物の代謝)

  牛原 名保子, 安達 博史, 岩波 俊介, 信濃 卓郎, 松井 博和, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  44-  (44)  94  -94  1998/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 17 タバコのリン酸トランスポーター遺伝子の解析(北海道支部講演会)

  安達 博史, 甲斐 元士, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  44-  (44)  255  -255  1998/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 20 イネの葉における炭素・窒素バランスに関与する酵素の発現特性(北海道支部講演会)

  中島 款冬, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 森 春英, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  44-  (44)  256  -256  1998/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Aluminum toxicity reduction by silicate.

  SATO JUNKO, OSAKI MITSURU, SHINANO TAKURO, TANNO TOSHIAKI  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  44-  79  -79  1998/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Purification and functional analysis of PEP-Phosphatase obtained from onion bulb.

  USHIHARA NAHOKO, ADACHI HIROSHI, IWANAMI SHUNSUKE, SHINANO TAKURO, MATSUI HIROKAZU, OSAKI MITSURU, TANNO TOSHIAKI  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  44-  94  -94  1998/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Expression characteristic of an enzyme related to carbon and nitrogen balance in the leaves of rice plants.

  NAKAJIMA MASAKAZU, OSAKI MITSURU, SHINANO TAKURO, MORI HARUHIDE, TANNO TOSHIAKI  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  44-  256  -256  1998/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Plant interspecific difference of 14C partition mechanism.

  SHINANO TAKURO, SAMEJIMA HIROAKI, OSAKI MITSURU, TANNO TOSHIAKI  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  44-  90  1998/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Genetic analysis of lupin root secretory acid phosphatase induced under low phosphorus condition. 3. Genome analysis and possibility of existence of isoenzyme.

  WASAKI JUN, OMURA MASANORI, OSAKI MITSURU, MATSUI HIROKAZU, ITO HIROYUKI, SHINANO TAKURO, TANNO TOSHIAKI  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  44-  94  -94  1998/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Analysis of phosphoric acid transporter gene of tobacco.

  ADACHI HIROSHI, KAI MOTOSHI, SHINANO TAKURO, OSAKI MITSURU, TANNO TOSHIAKI  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  44-  255  1998/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Nutritional characteristics of sage palm and oil palm in tropical peat soil

  M Matsumoto, M Osaki, T Nuyim, A Jongskul, P Eam-on, Y Kitaya, M Urayama, T Watanabe, T Kawamukai, T Nakamura, C Nilnond, T Shinano, T Tadano  JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION  21-  (9)  1819  -1841  1998  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  To make clear the nutritional characteristics of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensin Jacq.) grown in tropical peat soil, minerals concentration, organic compounds concentration, and photosynthetic rate were estimated, and the obtained results were as follows. Since, the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na) concentration in mature leaves and trunk were higher in the oil palm than in the sage palm, but potassium (K) concentration was higher in the sage palm than in the oil palm, the minerals (especially N, P, Ca, and Mg) requirement for the oil palm were higher than in the sage palm. This indicates that the sage palm will adapt better than the oil palm to soils with poor nutrients. The manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) concentration in leaves of the sage palm and Ca and aluminum (Al) concentration in leaves of the oil palm increased with the increase of aging, indicating that those elements are eliminated fi om plants through leaf senescence. Tn the sage palm, the N and P distribution ratio to leaves remained almost constant during growth, indicating that N and P were predominantly distributed to leaves for maintaining leaf function. The photosynthetic rate [mu mole carbon dioxide (CO2) m(-2) LA sec(-1)] at light saturation was lower in the sage palm (5.8) and oil palm (10.0) than in wheat(25.4). As leaf longevity of sage and oil palms was longer (about 12 times) than that of wheat (Triticum aevstium L.), and the minerals concentration and photosynthetic rate remained constant for a long duration of growth, the cumulative carbon (C) accumulation per unit dry weight (photosynthetic rate x leaf longevity) in the individual leaf is assumed to be equal or greater than that of wheat. The photosynthetic ability of sago and oil palms leaves is very important for understanding why sage and oil palms have high productivity in spite of a low nutrient environment.
• Nutritional characteristics of sage palm and oil palm in tropical peat soil

  M Matsumoto, M Osaki, T Nuyim, A Jongskul, P Eam-on, Y Kitaya, M Urayama, T Watanabe, T Kawamukai, T Nakamura, C Nilnond, T Shinano, T Tadano  JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION  21-  (9)  1819  -1841  1998  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  To make clear the nutritional characteristics of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensin Jacq.) grown in tropical peat soil, minerals concentration, organic compounds concentration, and photosynthetic rate were estimated, and the obtained results were as follows. Since, the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na) concentration in mature leaves and trunk were higher in the oil palm than in the sage palm, but potassium (K) concentration was higher in the sage palm than in the oil palm, the minerals (especially N, P, Ca, and Mg) requirement for the oil palm were higher than in the sage palm. This indicates that the sage palm will adapt better than the oil palm to soils with poor nutrients. The manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) concentration in leaves of the sage palm and Ca and aluminum (Al) concentration in leaves of the oil palm increased with the increase of aging, indicating that those elements are eliminated fi om plants through leaf senescence. Tn the sage palm, the N and P distribution ratio to leaves remained almost constant during growth, indicating that N and P were predominantly distributed to leaves for maintaining leaf function. The photosynthetic rate [mu mole carbon dioxide (CO2) m(-2) LA sec(-1)] at light saturation was lower in the sage palm (5.8) and oil palm (10.0) than in wheat(25.4). As leaf longevity of sage and oil palms was longer (about 12 times) than that of wheat (Triticum aevstium L.), and the minerals concentration and photosynthetic rate remained constant for a long duration of growth, the cumulative carbon (C) accumulation per unit dry weight (photosynthetic rate x leaf longevity) in the individual leaf is assumed to be equal or greater than that of wheat. The photosynthetic ability of sago and oil palms leaves is very important for understanding why sage and oil palms have high productivity in spite of a low nutrient environment.
• 10-2 ^<14>C分配機構の植物種間差(10.植物の代謝)

  信濃 卓郎, 鮫島 啓彰, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  44-  (0)  90  -90  1998  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 10-9 低リン条件で誘導されるルーピン根分泌性酸性フォスファターゼの遺伝子解析 : その3 ゲノム解析およびアイソザイムの存在の可能性(10.植物の代謝)

  和崎 淳, 大村 正徳, 大崎 満, 松井 博和, 伊藤 浩之, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  44-  (0)  94  -94  1998  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 10-10 タマネギ鱗茎からのPEP-Phosphataseの精製と機能解析(10.植物の代謝)

  牛原 名保子, 安達 博史, 岩波 俊介, 信濃 卓郎, 松井 博和, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  44-  (0)  94  -94  1998  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9-29 ケイ酸によるアルミニウム毒性軽減作用(9.植物の無機栄養)

  佐藤 純子, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  44-  (0)  79  -79  1998  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 20 イネの葉における炭素・窒素バランスに関与する酵素の発現特性(北海道支部講演会)

  中島 款冬, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 森 春英, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  44-  (0)  256  -256  1998  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 17 タバコのリン酸トランスポーター遺伝子の解析(北海道支部講演会)

  安達 博史, 甲斐 元士, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  44-  (0)  255  -255  1998  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Cloning of phosphoric acid transporter gene from tobacco.

  KAI MOTOJI, ADACHI HIROSHI, TAKASUMI KOJI, SHINANO TAKURO, OSAKI MITSURU, TANNO TOSHIAKI  日本農芸化学会北海道支部・日本土壌肥料学会北海道支部・日本生物工学会北日本支部・日本応用糖質科学会北海道支部・北海道農芸化学協会合同学術講演会講演要旨  1998-  20  1998  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• A root-shoot interaction hypothesis for high productivity of field crops (The proceedings of the 13 International Plant Nutrition Colloquium)

  OSAKI M., Shinano Takuro, Matsumoto Mina, Zheng Taigen, Tadano Toshiaki  Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  43-  1079  -1084  1997/12  

  According to the results of high-yielding crop trials, a root-shoot interaction model is proposed to explain the high productivity of high-yielding crops. In our experiments the highest biological yields obtained varied considerably between different crops (1.45 kg m^<-2> dry matter for rice, 2.39 for winter wheat, 2.57 for maize, 2.13 for potato, 2.17 for beet, and 2.93 for sunflower). These differences could not be explained on the basis of plant type. Since the photosynthetic rate (dry matter increase) and root activity (nutrient absorption) remained constant during maturation in the high-yielding varieties, it is suggested that in these varieties, root and shoot mutually interact so that a high photosynthetic rate secures high root activity by supplying a sufficient amount of photosynthates to the roots. High root activity then secures a high photosynthetic rate by supplying a sufficient amount of nutrients to shoots. To estimate the root activity, the specific absorption rate of nitrogen (SAR_N, mgN day^<-1> g^<-1>root dry weight) is a useful criterion because in high-yielding crops, SAR_N remains high during the early maturation stage, while root dry weight does not relate to nitrogen absorption or dry matter production especially at the maturation stage. To maintain the high SAR_N during the maturation stage, the systems of photosynthates distribution into roots are important. Cereal and legume crops form strong sinks in aerial parts, and root-shoot interaction becomes weaker as growth progresses. Therefore, in legume crops and especially in cereal crops, plant type or canopy structure plays an important role in the maintenance of high root activity because the main supply of photosynthates comes from lower leaves to roots. Root crops benefit more than cereal and legume crops from the carbohydrate supply to roots because they have roots directly attached to sink organs.
• A root-shoot interaction hypothesis for high productivity of field crops (Reprinted from Plant nutrition for sustainable food production and environment, 1997)

  M Osaki, T Shinano, M Matsumoto, TG Zheng, T Tadano  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  43-  1079  -1084  1997/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  According, to the results of high-yielding crop trials, a root-shoot interaction model is proposed to explain the high productivity of high-yielding crops. In our experiments the highest biological yields obtained varied considerably between different crops (1.45 kg m(-2) dry matter for rice, 2.39 for winter wheat, 2.57 for maize, 2.13 for potato, 2.17 for beet, and 2.93 for sunflower). These differences could not be explained on the basis of plant type. Since the photosynthetic rate (dry matter increase) and root activity (nutrient absorption) remained constant during maturation in the high-yielding varieties, it is suggested that in these varieties, root and shoot mutually interact so that a high photosynthetic rate secures high root activity by supplying a sufficient amount of photosynthates to the roots. High root activity then secures a high photosynthetic rate by supplying a sufficient amount of nutrients to shoots. To estimate the root activity, the specific absorption rate of nitrogen (SAR(N), mgN day(-1) g(-1) root dry weight) is a useful criterion because in high-yielding crops, SAR(N) remains high during the early maturation stage, while root dry weight does not relate to nitrogen absorption or dry matter production especially at the maturation stage. To maintain the high SAR(N) during thp maturation stage the systems of photosynthates distribution into roots are important. Cereal and legume crops form strong sinks in aerial parts, and root-shoot interaction becomes weaker as growth progresses. Therefore, in legume crops and especially in cereal crops, plant type or canopy structure plays an important role in the maintenance of high root activity because the main supply of photosynthates comes from lower leaves to roots. Root crops benefit more than cereal and legume crops from the carbohydrate supply to roots because they have roots directly attached to sink organs.
• Adjustment of carbon-nitrogen balance by respiration in the seedlings various crops.

  T Shinano, M Osaki, T Tadano  PLANT PHYSIOLOGY  114-  (3)  209  -209  1997/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11-3 各種植物の葉における同化産物の移行速度とガス交換能の関係(11.植物の栄養生態)

  信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 鮫島 啓彰, 川向 剛史, 松本 美奈, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  43-  (43)  112  -112  1997/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Distribution of exudates of lupin roots in the rhizosphere under phosphorus deficient conditions

  MG Li, T Shinano, T Tadano  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  43-  (1)  237  -245  1997/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The distribution of secretory acid phosphatase and organic acids enhanced by phosphorus deficiency in lupin rhizosphere was investigated using a rhizobox system which separated the rhizosphere soil into 0.5 mm fractions. In the soil fraction closest to the root surface, the lupin exudates displayed an acid phosphatase activity of 0.73 u g(-1) dry soil and citrate concentration of 85.2 mu mol g(-1) dry soil, respectively. The increase of the acid phosphatase activity induced an appreciable depletion of organic P in the rhizosphere, indicating that lupin efficiently utilized the organic P from soil through the enzyme activity. The sterile treatments demonstrated that the acid phosphatase in the rhizosphere was mainly derived from lupin root secretions. The secretory organic acids enhanced considerably the solubility of the inorganic P in three types of soil and a sludge. However, the secretory acid phosphatase and organic acids from lupin roots were only detected in a considerable amount in 0-2.5 mm soil fractions from root surface.
• Relationships between root activity and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg contents in roots of field crops

  M Osaki, T Shinano, M Matsumoto, J Ushiki, MM Shinano, S Yamada, M Urayama, T Tadano  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  43-  (1)  11  -24  1997/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Based on the previous paper (Osaki et al. 1995, Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 41, 635-647), crops were classified by root characteristics for nitrogen uptake as follows: Group I (small root dry weight (RW) and high specific absorption rate of nitrogen (SAR(N))): legumes, potato, and beet; group II (large RW and low SAR(N)): cereals; and group III (large RW and high SAR(N)): sunflower. In the roots of field crops subjected to various treatments in a held of Hokkaido University, the nitrogen, calcium, and magnesium contents in roots were relatively higher in group I than in groups II and III. Potassium content in roots was high in maize and sunflower. Phosphorus content in roots in groups I and II increased linearly with the increase of the nitrogen content, and the contents of both minerals were higher in group II than in group I. However, the phosphorus content in group III remained constant or increased slightly with the increase of the nitrogen content. Potassium content in roots in groups I and II did not change with the increase of the nitrogen content up to a value of about 20 mg g(-1), then it increased slightly with the increase of the nitrogen content above a value of about 20 mg g(-1), especially in group I Potassium content; in roots in group III was constant regardless of nitrogen content. Calcium and magnesium contents were not related to the nitrogen content in groups I and II, but increased with the increase of the nitrogen content in group III. SAR(N) increased exponentially with the increase of the nitrogen content in the roots of groups I and II. In group I, the values of SAR(N) were generally higher than in group II for a similar nitrogen content, while in group III, SAR(N) increased linearly with the increase of nitrogen content in roots. Consequently, it appears that nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition in roots is very important for the maintenance of root activity (SAR(N)).
• Distribution of exudates of lupin roots in the rhizosphere under phosphorus deficient conditions

  MG Li, T Shinano, T Tadano  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  43-  (1)  237  -245  1997/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The distribution of secretory acid phosphatase and organic acids enhanced by phosphorus deficiency in lupin rhizosphere was investigated using a rhizobox system which separated the rhizosphere soil into 0.5 mm fractions. In the soil fraction closest to the root surface, the lupin exudates displayed an acid phosphatase activity of 0.73 u g(-1) dry soil and citrate concentration of 85.2 mu mol g(-1) dry soil, respectively. The increase of the acid phosphatase activity induced an appreciable depletion of organic P in the rhizosphere, indicating that lupin efficiently utilized the organic P from soil through the enzyme activity. The sterile treatments demonstrated that the acid phosphatase in the rhizosphere was mainly derived from lupin root secretions. The secretory organic acids enhanced considerably the solubility of the inorganic P in three types of soil and a sludge. However, the secretory acid phosphatase and organic acids from lupin roots were only detected in a considerable amount in 0-2.5 mm soil fractions from root surface.
• Relationships between root activity and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg contents in roots of field crops

  M Osaki, T Shinano, M Matsumoto, J Ushiki, MM Shinano, S Yamada, M Urayama, T Tadano  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  43-  (1)  11  -24  1997/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Based on the previous paper (Osaki et al. 1995, Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 41, 635-647), crops were classified by root characteristics for nitrogen uptake as follows: Group I (small root dry weight (RW) and high specific absorption rate of nitrogen (SAR(N))): legumes, potato, and beet; group II (large RW and low SAR(N)): cereals; and group III (large RW and high SAR(N)): sunflower. In the roots of field crops subjected to various treatments in a held of Hokkaido University, the nitrogen, calcium, and magnesium contents in roots were relatively higher in group I than in groups II and III. Potassium content in roots was high in maize and sunflower. Phosphorus content in roots in groups I and II increased linearly with the increase of the nitrogen content, and the contents of both minerals were higher in group II than in group I. However, the phosphorus content in group III remained constant or increased slightly with the increase of the nitrogen content. Potassium content in roots in groups I and II did not change with the increase of the nitrogen content up to a value of about 20 mg g(-1), then it increased slightly with the increase of the nitrogen content above a value of about 20 mg g(-1), especially in group I Potassium content; in roots in group III was constant regardless of nitrogen content. Calcium and magnesium contents were not related to the nitrogen content in groups I and II, but increased with the increase of the nitrogen content in group III. SAR(N) increased exponentially with the increase of the nitrogen content in the roots of groups I and II. In group I, the values of SAR(N) were generally higher than in group II for a similar nitrogen content, while in group III, SAR(N) increased linearly with the increase of nitrogen content in roots. Consequently, it appears that nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition in roots is very important for the maintenance of root activity (SAR(N)).
• Relationship between the translocation rate of assimilate and the gas exchangeability in the leaf of various plants.

  SHINANO TAKURO, OSAKI MITSURU, SAMEJIMA HIROAKI, KAWAMUKAI TAKESHI, MATSUMOTO MINA, TADANO TOSHIAKI  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  43-  112  -112  1997/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Different system of Current Photosynthesized Carbon Distribution into Carbon and Nitrogen Compounds between Rice and Soybean(共著)

  Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  43-  (4)  789  -798  1997  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Different system of Current Photosynthesized Carbon Distribution into Carbon and Nitrogen Compounds between Rice and Soybean(共著)

  Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  43-  (4)  789  -798  1997  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11-3 各種植物の葉における同化産物の移行速度とガス交換能の関係(11.植物の栄養生態)

  信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 鮫島 啓彰, 川向 剛史, 松本 美奈, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  43-  (0)  112  -112  1997  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Problems in the methods of estimation of growth and maintenance respiration

  T Shinano, M Osaki, T Tadano  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  42-  (4)  773  -784  1996/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  According to Thornley, J.H.M. (Nature, 227, 304-305, 1970) and McCree, K.J. (Crop Sci., 14, 509-514, 1974), respiratory substances are used only for maintenance respiration when plants are exposed to the dark conditions for a long period of time (more than 2 d). The maintenance respiration is also affected by the nitrogen status in plant, because protein turnover is one of the major energy consumption sources under maintenance process. Therefore, to determine whether respiratory substances are used only for maintenance, C-14-[U]-sucrose or a mixture of C-14-[U]-amino acids was introduced to rice and soybean plants from the tip of leaf. Plants were grown under natural light conditions and under dark conditions for 4 d with 2 nitrogen levels (0.2 and 0.02 g N L(-1) soil). After the introduction of the C-14-compounds, the (CO2)-C-14 respiratory rate was monitored during 24 h, then the C-14 distribution to organic acids, free amino acids, proteins, sugars, and polysaccharides was analyzed. Following results were obtained. 1) When C-14-[U]-sucrose Or it mixture Of C-14-[U]-amino acids was introduced to the leaf of rice and soybean plants, the C-14 release rate by respiration was not affected by the nitrogen and light treatments except when C-14-sucrose was introduced to soybean in the low N plot. The C-14 release rate from the C-14-compounds introduced into leaf in the low N plot of soybean was higher in the dark treatment than in the natural light treatment. 2) C-14-distribution ratio after introduction of C-14-sucrose and a mixture of C-14-amino acids to the leaf was not significantly affected by the nitrogen treatment. When C-14-sucrose was introduced to rice leaf, the C-14-distribution ratio to sugars and proteins was higher and that to polysaccharides was lower in the natural light treatment than in the dark treatment. The C-14-distribution ratio was less affected by the light or nitrogen treatment in case of soybean leaf. 3) Although it was assumed that maintenance metabolism was dominant in the lower leaf (counted from the bottom), the C-14-distribution ratio was similar to that of upper leaf. 4) Nitrogen content of leaf was not different between rice and soybean in the high N treatment, unlike the C-14-distribution ratio. In rice, the nitrogen content of leaf was about twice as high in the high N treatment compared with the low N treatment, while the C-14-distribution ratio in leaf was stable regardless of nitrogen treatment. Based on the above results, it is suggested that since the C-14-distribution ratio into each chemical component did not change regardless of light treatment, nitrogen treatment, or leaf age, it was impossible to separate respiration into two components, such as growth and maintenance respiration. The results also indicated that current photosynthates and storage substances were not used only for growth and maintenance, respectively.
• Problems in the methods of estimation of growth and maintenance respiration

  T Shinano, M Osaki, T Tadano  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  42-  (4)  773  -784  1996/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  According to Thornley, J.H.M. (Nature, 227, 304-305, 1970) and McCree, K.J. (Crop Sci., 14, 509-514, 1974), respiratory substances are used only for maintenance respiration when plants are exposed to the dark conditions for a long period of time (more than 2 d). The maintenance respiration is also affected by the nitrogen status in plant, because protein turnover is one of the major energy consumption sources under maintenance process. Therefore, to determine whether respiratory substances are used only for maintenance, C-14-[U]-sucrose or a mixture of C-14-[U]-amino acids was introduced to rice and soybean plants from the tip of leaf. Plants were grown under natural light conditions and under dark conditions for 4 d with 2 nitrogen levels (0.2 and 0.02 g N L(-1) soil). After the introduction of the C-14-compounds, the (CO2)-C-14 respiratory rate was monitored during 24 h, then the C-14 distribution to organic acids, free amino acids, proteins, sugars, and polysaccharides was analyzed. Following results were obtained. 1) When C-14-[U]-sucrose Or it mixture Of C-14-[U]-amino acids was introduced to the leaf of rice and soybean plants, the C-14 release rate by respiration was not affected by the nitrogen and light treatments except when C-14-sucrose was introduced to soybean in the low N plot. The C-14 release rate from the C-14-compounds introduced into leaf in the low N plot of soybean was higher in the dark treatment than in the natural light treatment. 2) C-14-distribution ratio after introduction of C-14-sucrose and a mixture of C-14-amino acids to the leaf was not significantly affected by the nitrogen treatment. When C-14-sucrose was introduced to rice leaf, the C-14-distribution ratio to sugars and proteins was higher and that to polysaccharides was lower in the natural light treatment than in the dark treatment. The C-14-distribution ratio was less affected by the light or nitrogen treatment in case of soybean leaf. 3) Although it was assumed that maintenance metabolism was dominant in the lower leaf (counted from the bottom), the C-14-distribution ratio was similar to that of upper leaf. 4) Nitrogen content of leaf was not different between rice and soybean in the high N treatment, unlike the C-14-distribution ratio. In rice, the nitrogen content of leaf was about twice as high in the high N treatment compared with the low N treatment, while the C-14-distribution ratio in leaf was stable regardless of nitrogen treatment. Based on the above results, it is suggested that since the C-14-distribution ratio into each chemical component did not change regardless of light treatment, nitrogen treatment, or leaf age, it was impossible to separate respiration into two components, such as growth and maintenance respiration. The results also indicated that current photosynthates and storage substances were not used only for growth and maintenance, respectively.
• 根菜類の多収性のための根 : 地上部相互作用仮説

  大崎 満, 松本 美奈, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料學雜誌  67-  (4)  459  -459  1996/08/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• A root-shoot interaction hypothesis for high productivity of root crops

  M Osaki, M Matsumoto, T Shinano, T Tadano  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  42-  (2)  289  -301  1996/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Root crops such as potato, beet, and sweet potato produced high yields with application of coated fertilizers, which corresponded to the maximum yields reported in Hokkaido (northern part of Japan). Based on the following results, a root-shoot interaction model was proposed to explain the high productivity of root crops. 1) The highest biological yields (Y-b, g m(-2) based on dry matter) were 2,130 in potato, 2,120 in beet, and 1,660 in sweet potato. The highest economic yields (Y-e, g m(-2) based on dry matter) were 1,710 in potato, 1,540 in beet, and 1,050 in sweet potato. In Hokkaido the growth duration of sweet potato was limited to only 105 d due to the cold climate, while, sweet potato achieved a high productivity during the short growth duration in comparison with cereal and legume crops. 2) The k-value, which is an indicator of plant type, was not related to productivity within root crops, and the k-value of root crops was higher than that of cereal crops. Therefore, plant type is not the fundamental factor to explain the difference in crop productivity. 3) The net assimilation rate of beet was lower than that of potato and sweet potato, but beet could obtain a high Y-b because a high constant leaf area index was retained over the long period of growth. 4) Accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium continued until harvest in the high-yielding varieties (hereafter abbreviates as HYVs) of potato and beet, while in sweet potato it almost ceased at the early swelling stage of tuberous root. The harvest index of N, P, and K of sweet potato was lower than that of potato and beet. 5) Specific absorption rates of N, P, and K by roots were higher in the HYVs than in the varieties with standard yield (hereafter abbreviates as SYVs) at the maximum shoot growth stage. Consequently, plant type-theory was not sufficient to account for the high-yield of crops, especially root crops. Since the photosynthetic rate (dry matter increase) and root activity (nutrient absorption) remained constant during maturation in the HYVs, it is suggested that in these varieties, root and shoot mutually interact so that a high photosynthetic rate secures a high root activity by supplying a sufficient amount of photosynthates to roots and a high root activity secures a high photosynthetic rate by supplying a sufficient amount of nutrients to shoots. Thus in achieving high productivity root crops are able to maintain a balance between root and shoot activity because since in root crops the main sink is underground, photosynthates are actively distributed also to roots. Therefore, inferior plant type of root crops does not. prevent a high productivity.
• A root-shoot interaction hypothesis for high productivity of root crops

  M Osaki, M Matsumoto, T Shinano, T Tadano  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  42-  (2)  289  -301  1996/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Root crops such as potato, beet, and sweet potato produced high yields with application of coated fertilizers, which corresponded to the maximum yields reported in Hokkaido (northern part of Japan). Based on the following results, a root-shoot interaction model was proposed to explain the high productivity of root crops. 1) The highest biological yields (Y-b, g m(-2) based on dry matter) were 2,130 in potato, 2,120 in beet, and 1,660 in sweet potato. The highest economic yields (Y-e, g m(-2) based on dry matter) were 1,710 in potato, 1,540 in beet, and 1,050 in sweet potato. In Hokkaido the growth duration of sweet potato was limited to only 105 d due to the cold climate, while, sweet potato achieved a high productivity during the short growth duration in comparison with cereal and legume crops. 2) The k-value, which is an indicator of plant type, was not related to productivity within root crops, and the k-value of root crops was higher than that of cereal crops. Therefore, plant type is not the fundamental factor to explain the difference in crop productivity. 3) The net assimilation rate of beet was lower than that of potato and sweet potato, but beet could obtain a high Y-b because a high constant leaf area index was retained over the long period of growth. 4) Accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium continued until harvest in the high-yielding varieties (hereafter abbreviates as HYVs) of potato and beet, while in sweet potato it almost ceased at the early swelling stage of tuberous root. The harvest index of N, P, and K of sweet potato was lower than that of potato and beet. 5) Specific absorption rates of N, P, and K by roots were higher in the HYVs than in the varieties with standard yield (hereafter abbreviates as SYVs) at the maximum shoot growth stage. Consequently, plant type-theory was not sufficient to account for the high-yield of crops, especially root crops. Since the photosynthetic rate (dry matter increase) and root activity (nutrient absorption) remained constant during maturation in the HYVs, it is suggested that in these varieties, root and shoot mutually interact so that a high photosynthetic rate secures a high root activity by supplying a sufficient amount of photosynthates to roots and a high root activity secures a high photosynthetic rate by supplying a sufficient amount of nutrients to shoots. Thus in achieving high productivity root crops are able to maintain a balance between root and shoot activity because since in root crops the main sink is underground, photosynthates are actively distributed also to roots. Therefore, inferior plant type of root crops does not. prevent a high productivity.
• 11-1 長期低温が葉身の光合成産物の分配に及ぼす影響(11.植物の栄養生態)

  大橋 敬子, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 三浦 周, 中村 卓司, 河原 優美子, 稲津 脩, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  42-  (42)  102  -102  1996/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11-8 各種作物における葉の窒素含有率と相対生長速度との関係(11.植物の栄養生態)

  大崎 満, 中村 卓司, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  42-  (42)  105  -105  1996/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11-24 各種樹木の成長と窒素栄養との関係(11.植物の栄養生態)

  信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 加藤 学, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  42-  (42)  113  -113  1996/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 9 イネの生育および窒素吸収と出液中サイトカイニンの関係(北海道支部講演要旨)

  大澤 元成, 信濃 卓郎, 副島 洋, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  42-  (42)  287  -287  1996/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 10 イネの光合成関連因子におよぼす長期低温の影響(北海道支部講演要旨)

  大橋 敬子, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 三浦 周, 稲津 脩, 金田 隆史, 中村 卓司, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  42-  (42)  287  -287  1996/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Accumulation of carbon and nitrogen compounds in sweet potato plants grown under deficiency of N, P, or K nutrients (vol 41, pg 557, 1995)

  M Osaki, H Ueda, T Shinano, H Matsui, T Tadano  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  42-  (1)  220  -220  1996/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Relation of the growth and nitrogen uptake of rice and the cytokinin in exudation.

  OSAWA MOTONARI, SHINANO TAKURO, SOEJIMA HIROSHI, OSAKI MITSURU, TADANO TOSHIAKI  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  42-  287  -287  1996/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Relation between growth and nitrogen nutrition of various trees.

  SHINANO TAKURO, OSAKI MITSURU, KATO MANABU, TADANO TOSHIAKI  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  42-  113  -113  1996/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Effect of long term low temperature on the distribution of photosynthesis product in leaf blade.

  OHASHI KEIKO, SHINANO TAKURO, OSAKI MITSURU, MIURA SHU, NAKAMURA TAKASHI, KAWAHARA YUMIKO, INATSU OSAMU, TADANO TOSHIAKI  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  42-  102  -102  1996/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Relation between nitrogen content in leaves of various crops and the relative growth speed.

  OSAKI MITSURU, NAKAMURA TAKASHI, SHINANO TAKURO, TADANO TOSHIAKI  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  42-  105  -105  1996/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Effect of long term low temperature on photosynthesis related factor of rice.

  OHASHI KEIKO, SHINANO TAKURO, OSAKI MITSURU, MIURA SHU, INATSU OSAMU, KANEDA TAKASHI, NAKAMURA TAKASHI, TADANO TOSHIAKI  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  42-  287  -287  1996/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 多収穫作物の生産性V.根の生長と窒素吸収能

  大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 松本 美奈, 牛木 純, 信濃-森 満枝, 浦山 勝, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料學雜誌  67-  (1)  90  -90  1996/02/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• バレイショの生育および塊茎肥大におよぼすアンモニアと硝酸の影響

  大崎 満, 白井 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料學雜誌  67-  (1)  91  -92  1996/02/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• バレイショの栄養生長期における^<15>NH_4-Nと^<15>NO_3-Nから窒素化合物への^<15>Nの分配

  大崎 満, 白井 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料學雜誌  67-  (1)  92  -92  1996/02/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Dimethylsulfoxide method for the extraction of chlorophylls a and b from the leaves of wheat, field bean, dwarf bamboo, and oak

  T Shinano, TT Lei, T Kawamukai, MT Inoue, T Koike, T Tadano  PHOTOSYNTHETICA  32-  (3)  409  -415  1996  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  When dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was used as the extraction solvent for the leaves of wheat and field bean, a large increase in the extraction of chlorophyll (Chi) a was observed in comparison with 80 % acetone or 96 % ethanol; however, the extraction of Chi b decreased by about one half. The leaf physical and morphological characteristics were important factors for the extraction of Chi by DMSO. From the evaluation of the physical disruption degree of the leaf tissue on dwarf bamboo and oak, maceration of leaf tissues was essential for extraction, especially of Chi b. As, using the maceration, the amount of extracted Chi b was about 2.0 times higher in wheat and dwarf bamboo, and 1.5 and 1.1 times higher in field bean and oak, respectively, the Chi content of higher plants determined by the non-destructive DMSO method should be reevaluated, particularly in graminoids such as wheat and dwarf bamboo.
• Dimethylsulfoxide method for the extraction of chlorophylls a and b from the leaves of wheat, field bean, dwarf bamboo, and oak

  T Shinano, TT Lei, T Kawamukai, MT Inoue, T Koike, T Tadano  PHOTOSYNTHETICA  32-  (3)  409  -415  1996  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  When dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was used as the extraction solvent for the leaves of wheat and field bean, a large increase in the extraction of chlorophyll (Chi) a was observed in comparison with 80 % acetone or 96 % ethanol; however, the extraction of Chi b decreased by about one half. The leaf physical and morphological characteristics were important factors for the extraction of Chi by DMSO. From the evaluation of the physical disruption degree of the leaf tissue on dwarf bamboo and oak, maceration of leaf tissues was essential for extraction, especially of Chi b. As, using the maceration, the amount of extracted Chi b was about 2.0 times higher in wheat and dwarf bamboo, and 1.5 and 1.1 times higher in field bean and oak, respectively, the Chi content of higher plants determined by the non-destructive DMSO method should be reevaluated, particularly in graminoids such as wheat and dwarf bamboo.
• 9 イネの生育および窒素吸収と出液中サイトカイニンの関係(北海道支部講演要旨)

  大澤 元成, 信濃 卓郎, 副島 洋, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  42-  (0)  287  -287  1996  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 10 イネの光合成関連因子におよぼす長期低温の影響(北海道支部講演要旨)

  大橋 敬子, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 三浦 周, 稲津 脩, 金田 隆史, 中村 卓司, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  42-  (0)  287  -287  1996  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11-24 各種樹木の成長と窒素栄養との関係(11.植物の栄養生態)

  信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 加藤 学, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  42-  (0)  113  -113  1996  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11-8 各種作物における葉の窒素含有率と相対生長速度との関係(11.植物の栄養生態)

  大崎 満, 中村 卓司, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  42-  (0)  105  -105  1996  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11-1 長期低温が葉身の光合成産物の分配に及ぼす影響(11.植物の栄養生態)

  大橋 敬子, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 三浦 周, 中村 卓司, 河原 優美子, 稲津 脩, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  42-  (0)  102  -102  1996  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ACCUMULATION OF CARBON AND NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS IN SWEET-POTATO PLANTS GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT NITROGEN APPLICATION RATES

  M OSAKI, H UEDA, T SHINANO, H MATSUI, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  41-  (3)  547  -555  1995/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. var. Beniazuma) plants were grown in a cold region at 4 nitrogen application rates. Results are as follows. 1) Total dry weight and tuberous root dry weight decreased at a high nitrogen application rate (30 g N m(-2)). The growth at 30 N was restricted from the early growth stage and the nitrogen content was higher at 30 N. As the plant architecture at 30 N did not show a large difference compared to the low nitrogen application rate, it is assumed that the carbon metabolism of sweet potato was disturbed by the high rate of nitrogen application at which level other held crops grew well, but not by mutual shading. 2) Harvest index of dry weight and nitrogen for sweet potato ranged from 0.6 to 0.7, and 0.2 to 0.5, respectively. Thus, the distribution of nitrogen to tuberous roots was lower than that of carbon (dry weight). Therefore, sweet potato has an ability to attain a high potential productivity at low nitrogen application rates because a high photosynthetic rate can be maintained due to the high distribution ratio of nitrogen to leaves compared to potato or grain crops. 3) Ratio of sporamine and beta-amylase to total nitrogen in tuberous roots increased with growth until 105 d after transplanting, then decreased. 4) Main amino acids consisted of alanine, aspartic acid, asparagine, and glutamic acid in leaves, asparagine in stems, asparagine and glutamic acid in tuberous roots.
• ACCUMULATION OF CARBON AND NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS IN SWEET-POTATO PLANTS GROWN UNDER DEFICIENCY OF N, P, OR K NUTRIENTS

  M OSAKI, H UEDA, T SHINANO, H MATSUI, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  41-  (3)  557  -566  1995/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. var. Beniazuma) plants were grown in the field of Hokkaido University where the following treatments: (1) application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (C plot), (2) absence of nitrogen application (-N plot), (3) absence of phosphorus application (-P plot), and (4) absence of potassium application (-K plot) have been maintained for 76 y. Results obtained were as follows. 1) Under nitrogen deficiency, total dry weight and tuberous root dry weight decreased. Harvest index for dry weight in the -N plot was highest, while the harvest index for nitrogen was the lowest among the treatments, suggesting that high nitrogen use efficiency was achieved in the -N plot. 2) Under phosphorus deficiency, total dry weight was the same as that in the C plot, while tuberous root dry weight was strictly restricted, suggesting that the construction of proteins or cellulose in leaves was stimulated, and the construction of starch in tuberous roots was restricted in the -P plot. 3) Under potassium deficiency, since nitrogen absorption was not restricted compared with the control, and phosphorus absorption was restricted, the nutritional status of the plants showed a nitrogen excess, suggesting that nitrogen excess and disorder of phloem transport adversely affected the sweet potato growth.
• COMPARISON OF GROWTH EFFICIENCY BETWEEN RICE AND SOYBEAN AT THE VEGETATIVE GROWTH STAGE

  T SHINANO, M OSAKI, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  41-  (3)  471  -480  1995/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  To investigate the cause of the low productivity per unit amount of nitrogen absorbed in Leguminosae compared to Gramineae, the respiratory rates of shoot, root, and a single leaf of rice and soybean were monitored during the vegetative growth stage at 3 levels of nitrogen application using hydroponic culture. The results obtained were as follows. 1) The respiratory rate of shoot and a single leaf in soybean was higher than that in rice. The growth efficiency [accumulated dry matter/(accumulated dry matter+respiration)] of whole plant of soybean was lower than that of rice, regardless of nitrogen treatment. The low productivity based on nitrogen accumulation in soybean during the vegetative growth stage was ascribed mainly to the higher respiratory activity of shoot and single leaf. 2) As the effect of nitrogen application on the growth efficiency in both rice and soybean was negligible, and the nitrogen (protein) content of each organ and whole plant was not always high in soybean, it is suggested that the high respiratory rate in soybean is not due to energy supply for the construction of protein, which is normally considered to account for a major part of growth respiration. 3) Nitrogen application rate and temperature did not exert an appreciable effect on growth efficiency. Since, maintenance respiration is generally considered to be affected by the temperature and protein turnover, the contribution of maintenance respiration to total respiration may be negligible.
• ACCUMULATION OF CARBON AND NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS IN SWEET-POTATO PLANTS GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT NITROGEN APPLICATION RATES

  M OSAKI, H UEDA, T SHINANO, H MATSUI, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  41-  (3)  547  -555  1995/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. var. Beniazuma) plants were grown in a cold region at 4 nitrogen application rates. Results are as follows. 1) Total dry weight and tuberous root dry weight decreased at a high nitrogen application rate (30 g N m(-2)). The growth at 30 N was restricted from the early growth stage and the nitrogen content was higher at 30 N. As the plant architecture at 30 N did not show a large difference compared to the low nitrogen application rate, it is assumed that the carbon metabolism of sweet potato was disturbed by the high rate of nitrogen application at which level other held crops grew well, but not by mutual shading. 2) Harvest index of dry weight and nitrogen for sweet potato ranged from 0.6 to 0.7, and 0.2 to 0.5, respectively. Thus, the distribution of nitrogen to tuberous roots was lower than that of carbon (dry weight). Therefore, sweet potato has an ability to attain a high potential productivity at low nitrogen application rates because a high photosynthetic rate can be maintained due to the high distribution ratio of nitrogen to leaves compared to potato or grain crops. 3) Ratio of sporamine and beta-amylase to total nitrogen in tuberous roots increased with growth until 105 d after transplanting, then decreased. 4) Main amino acids consisted of alanine, aspartic acid, asparagine, and glutamic acid in leaves, asparagine in stems, asparagine and glutamic acid in tuberous roots.
• ACCUMULATION OF CARBON AND NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS IN SWEET-POTATO PLANTS GROWN UNDER DEFICIENCY OF N, P, OR K NUTRIENTS

  M OSAKI, H UEDA, T SHINANO, H MATSUI, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  41-  (3)  557  -566  1995/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. var. Beniazuma) plants were grown in the field of Hokkaido University where the following treatments: (1) application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (C plot), (2) absence of nitrogen application (-N plot), (3) absence of phosphorus application (-P plot), and (4) absence of potassium application (-K plot) have been maintained for 76 y. Results obtained were as follows. 1) Under nitrogen deficiency, total dry weight and tuberous root dry weight decreased. Harvest index for dry weight in the -N plot was highest, while the harvest index for nitrogen was the lowest among the treatments, suggesting that high nitrogen use efficiency was achieved in the -N plot. 2) Under phosphorus deficiency, total dry weight was the same as that in the C plot, while tuberous root dry weight was strictly restricted, suggesting that the construction of proteins or cellulose in leaves was stimulated, and the construction of starch in tuberous roots was restricted in the -P plot. 3) Under potassium deficiency, since nitrogen absorption was not restricted compared with the control, and phosphorus absorption was restricted, the nutritional status of the plants showed a nitrogen excess, suggesting that nitrogen excess and disorder of phloem transport adversely affected the sweet potato growth.
• COMPARISON OF GROWTH EFFICIENCY BETWEEN RICE AND SOYBEAN AT THE VEGETATIVE GROWTH STAGE

  T SHINANO, M OSAKI, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  41-  (3)  471  -480  1995/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  To investigate the cause of the low productivity per unit amount of nitrogen absorbed in Leguminosae compared to Gramineae, the respiratory rates of shoot, root, and a single leaf of rice and soybean were monitored during the vegetative growth stage at 3 levels of nitrogen application using hydroponic culture. The results obtained were as follows. 1) The respiratory rate of shoot and a single leaf in soybean was higher than that in rice. The growth efficiency [accumulated dry matter/(accumulated dry matter+respiration)] of whole plant of soybean was lower than that of rice, regardless of nitrogen treatment. The low productivity based on nitrogen accumulation in soybean during the vegetative growth stage was ascribed mainly to the higher respiratory activity of shoot and single leaf. 2) As the effect of nitrogen application on the growth efficiency in both rice and soybean was negligible, and the nitrogen (protein) content of each organ and whole plant was not always high in soybean, it is suggested that the high respiratory rate in soybean is not due to energy supply for the construction of protein, which is normally considered to account for a major part of growth respiration. 3) Nitrogen application rate and temperature did not exert an appreciable effect on growth efficiency. Since, maintenance respiration is generally considered to be affected by the temperature and protein turnover, the contribution of maintenance respiration to total respiration may be negligible.
• Root function and crop production.

  SHINANO TAKURO, OSAKI MITSURU  根の研究  4-  (2)  43  -46  1995/06/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11-8 イネ・ダイズにおける初期光合成産物の各種化合物への分配におよぼす光呼吸の影響(11.植物の栄養生態)

  中村 卓司, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  41-  (41)  112  -112  1995/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11-9 暗処理下のイネの葉に同化した^<14>C-[U]-スクロースの各種化合物への分配(11.植物の栄養生態)

  信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  41-  (41)  113  -113  1995/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11-15 長期低温がイネの生育と炭素・窒素バランスにおよぼす影響(11.植物の栄養生態)

  大橋 敬子, 中村 卓司, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 三浦 周, 稲津 脩, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  41-  (41)  116  -116  1995/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 30 長期低温がイネのガス交換におよぼす影響(北海道支部講演要旨)

  大橋 敬子, 中村 卓司, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 三浦 周, 稲津 脩, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  41-  (41)  279  -279  1995/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 31 各種生育条件がトウモロコシの窒素利用効率におよぼす影響(北海道支部講演要旨)

  金田 隆史, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 中村 卓司, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  41-  (41)  280  -280  1995/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• EFFECT OF NITROGEN-SOURCE AND LIGHT CONDITIONS ON C-14 BEHAVIOR OF C-14 [U]-SUCROSE, C-14 [U]-ASPARAGINE, AND C-14 [U]-SERINE INTRODUCED TO LEAF OF RICE AND SORGHUM PLANTS

  M OSAKI, D MATSUMOTO, T SHINANO, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  41-  (1)  65  -73  1995/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  For the study of the C-14-behavior of introduced C-14-compounds, C-14-[U]- sucrose, C-14-[U]-asparagine, and C-14-[U]-serine were introduced from the tip of the leaf at the vegetative growth stage of rice and sorghum plants, which were grown With NH4-N or NO3-N, and under light or dark conditions. The results obtained were as follows. 1) Pattern of (CO2)-C-14 release rate was similar between light-light (indicating light conditions before and after C-14-compounds were introduced) and dark-light conditions, and between light-dark and dark-dark conditions, but different between light-light and light-dark conditions and between dark-light and dark-dark conditions, irrespective of crop species. Thus, (CO2)-C-14, release rate was strongly affected by the light conditions after introduction of the C-14-compounds. 2) Since the (CO2)-C-14 release rate of rice was higher than that of sorghum under the light condition, it was assumed that sorghum was able to reassimilate CO2 which was released by respiration in the cells. 3) (CO2)-C-14, release from introduced C-14-sucrose and introduced C-14-asparagine was not affected by the nitrogen source, but (CO2)-C-14 release from C-14-serine was larger to some extent when NO3-NO was applied than when NH4-N was applied.
• COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF HARVESTING ORGANS AMONG FIELD CROPS .2. CO2 ASSIMILATION AND REASSIMILATION IN THE HARVESTING ORGANS

  T SHINANO, M OSAKI, K KOMATSU, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  41-  (1)  21  -31  1995/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  In the harvesting organs, growth efficiency experimentally obtained (GE = W / (W + R), where W is the amount of dry matter expressed on a carbon basis and R is the amount of respired carbon) was higher than the theoretically estimated GE(PV), which was calculated from the biochemical pathways of synthesis of chemical components (Shinano et al. 1993). Therefore, it was assumed that there was a reassimilation in the harvesting organs of CO2 produced. We investigated the phospho enolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity, photosynthesis and respiration in the harvesting organs of various crops (rice, barley, oat, soybean, field bean, lupin, pea, adzuki bean, chick-pea, peanut, potato, sunflower, safflower, flax, rape, castor bean, and cotton). 1) When the reassimilation activity of CO2 was expressed by the PEPC activity, the value of GE including CO2 reassimilated (GE(PEPC)) became slightly lower than that of GE, but there was still a large difference between GE(PEPC) and GE(PV), especially in soybean and peanut. 2) Under light conditions, CO2 was taken up to some extent by the harvesting organs of rice, barley, rape, and flax only at the early maturation stage, whereas CO2 was released from the harvesting organs of soybean, adzuki bean and chick-pea throughout the maturation stage. Under dark conditions, CO2 was released from the harvesting organs in all the crops, and the amount was especially large in soybean, field bean, adzuki bean, rape, and flax. 3) Assimilation of atmospheric (CO2)-C-14, by the harvesting organs of rice and soybean occurred under light and dark conditions. However, the amount of (CO2)-C-14, assimilated was small under dark conditions. The (CO2)-C-14 releasing rate from the harvesting organs under light and dark conditions was higher in rice than in soybean, when (CO2)-C-14 was assimilated by the harvesting organs. 4) When C-14-[U]-sucrose or C-14-[U]-asparagine was introduced to the harvesting organs of rice and soybean through the cut end of the harvesting organ, the (CO2)-C-14, releasing rate under dark conditions was higher in rice than in soybean. These results indicated that it is not possible to develop a simple model of production efficiency based on the relationship among respiratory rate, relative growth rate and content of each chemical compound in harvesting organs.
• EFFECT OF NITROGEN-SOURCE AND LIGHT CONDITIONS ON C-14 BEHAVIOR OF C-14 [U]-SUCROSE, C-14 [U]-ASPARAGINE, AND C-14 [U]-SERINE INTRODUCED TO LEAF OF RICE AND SORGHUM PLANTS

  M OSAKI, D MATSUMOTO, T SHINANO, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  41-  (1)  65  -73  1995/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  For the study of the C-14-behavior of introduced C-14-compounds, C-14-[U]- sucrose, C-14-[U]-asparagine, and C-14-[U]-serine were introduced from the tip of the leaf at the vegetative growth stage of rice and sorghum plants, which were grown With NH4-N or NO3-N, and under light or dark conditions. The results obtained were as follows. 1) Pattern of (CO2)-C-14 release rate was similar between light-light (indicating light conditions before and after C-14-compounds were introduced) and dark-light conditions, and between light-dark and dark-dark conditions, but different between light-light and light-dark conditions and between dark-light and dark-dark conditions, irrespective of crop species. Thus, (CO2)-C-14, release rate was strongly affected by the light conditions after introduction of the C-14-compounds. 2) Since the (CO2)-C-14 release rate of rice was higher than that of sorghum under the light condition, it was assumed that sorghum was able to reassimilate CO2 which was released by respiration in the cells. 3) (CO2)-C-14, release from introduced C-14-sucrose and introduced C-14-asparagine was not affected by the nitrogen source, but (CO2)-C-14 release from C-14-serine was larger to some extent when NO3-NO was applied than when NH4-N was applied.
• COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF HARVESTING ORGANS AMONG FIELD CROPS .2. CO2 ASSIMILATION AND REASSIMILATION IN THE HARVESTING ORGANS

  T SHINANO, M OSAKI, K KOMATSU, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  41-  (1)  21  -31  1995/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  In the harvesting organs, growth efficiency experimentally obtained (GE = W / (W + R), where W is the amount of dry matter expressed on a carbon basis and R is the amount of respired carbon) was higher than the theoretically estimated GE(PV), which was calculated from the biochemical pathways of synthesis of chemical components (Shinano et al. 1993). Therefore, it was assumed that there was a reassimilation in the harvesting organs of CO2 produced. We investigated the phospho enolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity, photosynthesis and respiration in the harvesting organs of various crops (rice, barley, oat, soybean, field bean, lupin, pea, adzuki bean, chick-pea, peanut, potato, sunflower, safflower, flax, rape, castor bean, and cotton). 1) When the reassimilation activity of CO2 was expressed by the PEPC activity, the value of GE including CO2 reassimilated (GE(PEPC)) became slightly lower than that of GE, but there was still a large difference between GE(PEPC) and GE(PV), especially in soybean and peanut. 2) Under light conditions, CO2 was taken up to some extent by the harvesting organs of rice, barley, rape, and flax only at the early maturation stage, whereas CO2 was released from the harvesting organs of soybean, adzuki bean and chick-pea throughout the maturation stage. Under dark conditions, CO2 was released from the harvesting organs in all the crops, and the amount was especially large in soybean, field bean, adzuki bean, rape, and flax. 3) Assimilation of atmospheric (CO2)-C-14, by the harvesting organs of rice and soybean occurred under light and dark conditions. However, the amount of (CO2)-C-14, assimilated was small under dark conditions. The (CO2)-C-14 releasing rate from the harvesting organs under light and dark conditions was higher in rice than in soybean, when (CO2)-C-14 was assimilated by the harvesting organs. 4) When C-14-[U]-sucrose or C-14-[U]-asparagine was introduced to the harvesting organs of rice and soybean through the cut end of the harvesting organ, the (CO2)-C-14, releasing rate under dark conditions was higher in rice than in soybean. These results indicated that it is not possible to develop a simple model of production efficiency based on the relationship among respiratory rate, relative growth rate and content of each chemical compound in harvesting organs.
• イネ・ダイズにおける初期光合成産物の各種化合物への分配におよぼす光呼吸の影響

  中村卓司, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  41-  112  -112  1995/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 長期低温がイネの生育と炭素・窒素バランスにおよぼす影響

  大橋敬子, 中村卓司, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 三浦周, 稲津おさむ, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  41-  116  -116  1995/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Function of root and production of crop. 1.

  SHINANO TAKURO, OSAKI MITSURU  根の研究  4-  (1)  6  -9  1995/03/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 暗処理下のイネの葉に同化した¹⁴C‐[U]‐スクロースの各種化合物への分配

  信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  41-  113  -113  1995/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 長期低温がイネのガス交換におよぼす影響

  大橋敬子, 中村卓司, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 三浦周, 稲津おさむ, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  41-  279  -279  1995/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 各種生育条件がトウモロコシの窒素利用効率におよぼす影響

  金田隆史, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 中村卓司, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  41-  280  -280  1995/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Productivity of High-yielding Crops. V. Root Growth and Root Activity.

  Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  41-  (4)  635  -647  1995  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Behavior of ¹⁵NH₄-N and ¹⁵NO₃-N Assimilated in Potato Plant.

  Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  41-  (4)  709  -719  1995  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Effects of NH₄-N and NO₃-N Assimilated in Potato Plant on the Tuber Swelling and Nitrogen Distribution

  Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  41-  (4)  699  -708  1995  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Productivity of High-yielding Crops. V. Root Growth and Root Activity.

  Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  41-  (4)  635  -647  1995  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Behavior of ¹⁵NH₄-N and ¹⁵NO₃-N Assimilated in Potato Plant.

  Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  41-  (4)  709  -719  1995  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Effects of NH₄-N and NO₃-N Assimilated in Potato Plant on the Tuber Swelling and Nitrogen Distribution

  Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  41-  (4)  699  -708  1995  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 31 各種生育条件がトウモロコシの窒素利用効率におよぼす影響(北海道支部講演要旨)

  金田 隆史, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 中村 卓司, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  41-  (0)  280  -280  1995  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 30 長期低温がイネのガス交換におよぼす影響(北海道支部講演要旨)

  大橋 敬子, 中村 卓司, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 三浦 周, 稲津 脩, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  41-  (0)  279  -279  1995  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11-9 暗処理下のイネの葉に同化した^<14>C-[U]-スクロースの各種化合物への分配(11.植物の栄養生態)

  信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  41-  (0)  1995  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11-15 長期低温がイネの生育と炭素・窒素バランスにおよぼす影響(11.植物の栄養生態)

  大橋 敬子, 中村 卓司, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 三浦 周, 稲津 脩, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  41-  (0)  116  -116  1995  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11-8 イネ・ダイズにおける初期光合成産物の各種化合物への分配におよぼす光呼吸の影響(11.植物の栄養生態)

  中村 卓司, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  41-  (0)  1995  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• C-14 BEHAVIOR OF C-14 [U]-SUCROSE, C-14 [U]-ASPARAGINE, AND C-14 [U]-SERINE INTRODUCED TO THE FLAG LEAF OF RICE AND SORGHUM PLANTS DURING RIPENING

  M OSAKI, D MATSUMOTO, T SHINANO, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  40-  (4)  637  -646  1994/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  C-14-[U]-sucrose, C-14-[U]-asparagine, and C-14-[U]-serine were introduced from the tip of the flag leaf at the mid-ripening stage of rice and sorghum plants, which were grown without nitrogen application after flowering, and the C-14-behavior of the introduced C-14-compounds was studied. The results obtained were as follows. 1) When C-14-[U]-sucrose was introduced to the leaf, the amount of (CO2)-C-14 released by respiration from the leaf was larger under dark conditions than under light conditions in both crops. Since the amount of (CO2)-C-14 released by sorghum was smaller than that of rice under both light conditions, it was assumed that sorghum had reassimilated CO2 which was once released in the plant tissues. 2) When C-14-[U]-asparagine was introduced to the leaf, the amount of (CO2)-C-14 released by respiration from the leaf under light conditions was similar to that under dark conditions in rice, but it was larger under dark conditions in sorghum. Although a large amount of C-14-asparagine was retained in sorghum, it was actively metabolized in rice. 3) When C-14-[U]-serine was introduced, the amount of (CO2)-C-14 released by respiration was larger under dark conditions than under light conditions in sorghum. The C-14 of C-14-serine in rice was actively respired and used for the synthesis of sugar, especially under light conditions. 4) The C-14 of each C-14-compound introduced was translocated into other organs more rapidly in rice than in sorghum. From the above results, it is considered that the C-14-compounds introduced to the vascular bundles were basically metabolized in a different manner in rice and sorghum, including the difference in the (CO2)-C-14 reassimilation rate and C-14 translocation rate into other organs.
• C-14 BEHAVIOR OF C-14 [U]-SUCROSE, C-14 [U]-ASPARAGINE, AND C-14 [U]-SERINE INTRODUCED TO THE FLAG LEAF OF RICE AND SORGHUM PLANTS DURING RIPENING

  M OSAKI, D MATSUMOTO, T SHINANO, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  40-  (4)  637  -646  1994/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  C-14-[U]-sucrose, C-14-[U]-asparagine, and C-14-[U]-serine were introduced from the tip of the flag leaf at the mid-ripening stage of rice and sorghum plants, which were grown without nitrogen application after flowering, and the C-14-behavior of the introduced C-14-compounds was studied. The results obtained were as follows. 1) When C-14-[U]-sucrose was introduced to the leaf, the amount of (CO2)-C-14 released by respiration from the leaf was larger under dark conditions than under light conditions in both crops. Since the amount of (CO2)-C-14 released by sorghum was smaller than that of rice under both light conditions, it was assumed that sorghum had reassimilated CO2 which was once released in the plant tissues. 2) When C-14-[U]-asparagine was introduced to the leaf, the amount of (CO2)-C-14 released by respiration from the leaf under light conditions was similar to that under dark conditions in rice, but it was larger under dark conditions in sorghum. Although a large amount of C-14-asparagine was retained in sorghum, it was actively metabolized in rice. 3) When C-14-[U]-serine was introduced, the amount of (CO2)-C-14 released by respiration was larger under dark conditions than under light conditions in sorghum. The C-14 of C-14-serine in rice was actively respired and used for the synthesis of sugar, especially under light conditions. 4) The C-14 of each C-14-compound introduced was translocated into other organs more rapidly in rice than in sorghum. From the above results, it is considered that the C-14-compounds introduced to the vascular bundles were basically metabolized in a different manner in rice and sorghum, including the difference in the (CO2)-C-14 reassimilation rate and C-14 translocation rate into other organs.
• COMPARISON OF ROOT-GROWTH AND NITROGEN ABSORBING ABILITY BETWEEN GRAMINEAE AND LEGUMINOSAE DURING THE VEGETATIVE STAGE

  T SHINANO, M OSAKI, S YAMADA, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  40-  (3)  485  -495  1994/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Eight Gramineae crops (rice, spring wheat, barley, oat, maize, sorghum, redtop, and orchardgrass), and seven Leguminosae crops (soybean, field bean, adzuki bean, lupin, pea, alfalfa, and red clover) were grown in a field. The characteristics of nitrogen absorption were parametrized as root size (root length or dry weight), root activity (specific absorption rate of nitrogen per unit root dry weight; SAR(N)), and photosynthetic factors (crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area index and net assimilation rate). The results were as follows. 1) The rate of nitrogen accumulation by plant (DELTAN) was highly correlated with the crop growth rate (CGR), and dry matter accumulation per unit amount of nitrogen accumulated in plant was lower in Leguminosae than in Gramineae. 2) In Leguminosae, the length or weight of root (root size) was generally shorter or smaller than in Gramineae. However, SAR(N) of Leguminosae was higher than that of Gramineae. Therefore, the increase in the root size was considered to contribute more significantly to the increase in the shoot weight in Leguminosae compared to Gramineae. 3) Throughout the growth, in Gramineae, SAR(N) and CGR were correlated with DELTAN, whereas in Leguminosae, LAI and CGR were correlated with DELTAN. Thus, nitrogen absorption was assumed to be basically regulated by the requirement of nitrogen in shoot. 4) Root function was found to be different among crops; in Gramineae at both early vegetative and late vegetative stages, SAR(N) was correlated with DELTAN, and in Leguminosae at the early vegetative stage, the root size was correlated with DELTAN, then at the late vegetative stage, the root activity (SAR(N)) became an important factor for the control of DELTAN.
• COMPARISON OF ROOT-GROWTH AND NITROGEN ABSORBING ABILITY BETWEEN GRAMINEAE AND LEGUMINOSAE DURING THE VEGETATIVE STAGE

  T SHINANO, M OSAKI, S YAMADA, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  40-  (3)  485  -495  1994/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Eight Gramineae crops (rice, spring wheat, barley, oat, maize, sorghum, redtop, and orchardgrass), and seven Leguminosae crops (soybean, field bean, adzuki bean, lupin, pea, alfalfa, and red clover) were grown in a field. The characteristics of nitrogen absorption were parametrized as root size (root length or dry weight), root activity (specific absorption rate of nitrogen per unit root dry weight; SAR(N)), and photosynthetic factors (crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area index and net assimilation rate). The results were as follows. 1) The rate of nitrogen accumulation by plant (DELTAN) was highly correlated with the crop growth rate (CGR), and dry matter accumulation per unit amount of nitrogen accumulated in plant was lower in Leguminosae than in Gramineae. 2) In Leguminosae, the length or weight of root (root size) was generally shorter or smaller than in Gramineae. However, SAR(N) of Leguminosae was higher than that of Gramineae. Therefore, the increase in the root size was considered to contribute more significantly to the increase in the shoot weight in Leguminosae compared to Gramineae. 3) Throughout the growth, in Gramineae, SAR(N) and CGR were correlated with DELTAN, whereas in Leguminosae, LAI and CGR were correlated with DELTAN. Thus, nitrogen absorption was assumed to be basically regulated by the requirement of nitrogen in shoot. 4) Root function was found to be different among crops; in Gramineae at both early vegetative and late vegetative stages, SAR(N) was correlated with DELTAN, and in Leguminosae at the early vegetative stage, the root size was correlated with DELTAN, then at the late vegetative stage, the root activity (SAR(N)) became an important factor for the control of DELTAN.
• C-14 ALLOCATION OF C-14 COMPOUNDS INTRODUCED TO A LEAF TO CARBON AND NITROGEN COMPONENTS IN RICE AND SOYBEAN DURING RIPENING

  T SHINANO, M OSAKI  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  40-  (2)  199  -209  1994/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  (CO2)-C-14, C-14-[U]-sucrose, and C-14-[U]-asparagine were introduced to the flag leaf of rice or fully-expanded leaf of soybean. The C-14-distribution to respired CO2 and each organ as well as to crude chemical components (sugars, amino acids, organic acids, protein, and the ''others'') was determined in the flag leaf of rice and fully-expanded leaf of soybean and the sink organ. The results obtained were as follows. 1. A large amount of (CO2)-C-14 was released rapidly from the leaf which assimilated (CO2)-C-14 in soybean both under dark and light conditions compared to rice. 2. A larger amount of C-14 in the flag leaf which assimilated (CO2)-C-14 was distributed to sugars after 24 h in rice than in soybean, regardless of light conditions. However, a larger amount of C-14 was distributed to protein and organic acids in soybean. 3. The (CO2)-C-14 release rate from the leaf to which C-14-sucrose and C-14-asparagine had been introduced was similar in rice and soybean, regardless of nitrogen supply. The (CO2)-C-14 release rate from the sink organ was higher in soybean than in rice when sucrose was introduced, but similar in both crops when asparagine was introduced. The above results indicate that the current photosynthates during CO2 assimilation were actively catabolized and respired in the source leaf of soybean compared to rice. As the utilization of C-14-sucrose or C-14-asparagine in the leaves did not differ significantly between rice and soybean, it is assumed that the use of these translocating compounds for respiration in the leaves was similar in rice and soybean. The low growth efficiency of soybean was partly due to the high respiratory loss of current photosynthates in leaves compared to rice, regardless of light or nitrogen conditions.
• C-14 ALLOCATION OF C-14 COMPOUNDS INTRODUCED TO A LEAF TO CARBON AND NITROGEN COMPONENTS IN RICE AND SOYBEAN DURING RIPENING

  T SHINANO, M OSAKI  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  40-  (2)  199  -209  1994/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  (CO2)-C-14, C-14-[U]-sucrose, and C-14-[U]-asparagine were introduced to the flag leaf of rice or fully-expanded leaf of soybean. The C-14-distribution to respired CO2 and each organ as well as to crude chemical components (sugars, amino acids, organic acids, protein, and the ''others'') was determined in the flag leaf of rice and fully-expanded leaf of soybean and the sink organ. The results obtained were as follows. 1. A large amount of (CO2)-C-14 was released rapidly from the leaf which assimilated (CO2)-C-14 in soybean both under dark and light conditions compared to rice. 2. A larger amount of C-14 in the flag leaf which assimilated (CO2)-C-14 was distributed to sugars after 24 h in rice than in soybean, regardless of light conditions. However, a larger amount of C-14 was distributed to protein and organic acids in soybean. 3. The (CO2)-C-14 release rate from the leaf to which C-14-sucrose and C-14-asparagine had been introduced was similar in rice and soybean, regardless of nitrogen supply. The (CO2)-C-14 release rate from the sink organ was higher in soybean than in rice when sucrose was introduced, but similar in both crops when asparagine was introduced. The above results indicate that the current photosynthates during CO2 assimilation were actively catabolized and respired in the source leaf of soybean compared to rice. As the utilization of C-14-sucrose or C-14-asparagine in the leaves did not differ significantly between rice and soybean, it is assumed that the use of these translocating compounds for respiration in the leaves was similar in rice and soybean. The low growth efficiency of soybean was partly due to the high respiratory loss of current photosynthates in leaves compared to rice, regardless of light or nitrogen conditions.
• 吸収窒素量に関連した作物の収量決定パラメータ

  大崎 満, 松本 実香, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料學雜誌  65-  (2)  221  -222  1994/04/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-41 イネ科とマメ科作物のガス交換能よりみた炭素・窒素相互関係の解析(6.植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  中村 卓司, 大崎 満, 山田 智, 大橋 敬子, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  40-  (40)  115  -115  1994/03/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-42 イネとダイズの全植物体の栄養生長期における生長効率の比較(6.植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  40-  (40)  115  -115  1994/03/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-43 ハルコムギとダイズの異なる葉位に同化させた^<14>CO_2と^<35>Sメチオニンの挙動(6.植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  松本 美奈, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  40-  (40)  116  -116  1994/03/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 4 ハルコムギの群落構造と根の生育との関係(北海道支部講演会要旨)

  松本 美奈, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  40-  (40)  256  -256  1994/03/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 7 イネ科とマメ科作物における生育にともなうガス交換能の変遷と差異(北海道支部講演会要旨)

  中村 卓司, 大橋 敬子, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  40-  (40)  258  -258  1994/03/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• PARAMETERS DETERMINING YIELD OF FIELD CROPS IN RELATION TO THE AMOUNT OF NITROGEN ABSORBED

  M OSAKI, M MATSUMOTO, T SHINANO, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  40-  (1)  19  -28  1994/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Several field crops were grown at different nitrogen levels during 6 y, and under combinations of nitrogen levels and plant density. Then the parameters which determine the economic yield (Ye) were evaluated by using the following formula. Ye=YbXHI(DM), Ye=Yb(N)XHI(N)/Nc(h.o.)X100, and Ye=GnX Gw, where Yb is the biological yield; HI(DM) is the harvest index of dry matter; HI(N) is the harvest index of nitrogen; Yb(N) is the amount of nitrogen accumulated in plants; Nc(h.o.) is the nitrogen content of harvesting organs; Gn is the number of grains or tubers; and Gw is the one-grain weight or one-tuber weight. As the parameters showed a close relationship with Yb(N) with few exceptions, they were expressed by the function of Yb(N) as follows. HI(DM)= a1Yb(N)+b1, HI(N)=a2Yb(N)+b2, Nc(h.o.)=a3Yb(N)+3, Gn=a4ln(Yb(N))+ b4, Gw=a5Yb(N)+b5, where, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, b1, b2, b3, b4, and b5 were constants. The HI(DM) and HI(N) were significantly constant in rice, maize, soybean, potato, and sugar beet because the al and a2 values were nearly zero, and HI(N) decreased with the increase of Yb(N) only in wheat. As Nc(b.o.) increased with the increase of Yb(N), Nc(h.o.) was the main factor determining the decrease of Ye when Yb(N) increased. As the value of a4 in all the crops was significantly stable, unlike the value of a5 in some crops, Ye was mainly determined by Gn which was affected by Yb(N). Thus, the Yb, HI(DM), HI(N), Nc(h.o.) parameters related to Yb(N) were useful for analyzing Ye.
• PARAMETERS DETERMINING YIELD OF FIELD CROPS IN RELATION TO THE AMOUNT OF NITROGEN ABSORBED

  M OSAKI, M MATSUMOTO, T SHINANO, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  40-  (1)  19  -28  1994/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Several field crops were grown at different nitrogen levels during 6 y, and under combinations of nitrogen levels and plant density. Then the parameters which determine the economic yield (Ye) were evaluated by using the following formula. Ye=YbXHI(DM), Ye=Yb(N)XHI(N)/Nc(h.o.)X100, and Ye=GnX Gw, where Yb is the biological yield; HI(DM) is the harvest index of dry matter; HI(N) is the harvest index of nitrogen; Yb(N) is the amount of nitrogen accumulated in plants; Nc(h.o.) is the nitrogen content of harvesting organs; Gn is the number of grains or tubers; and Gw is the one-grain weight or one-tuber weight. As the parameters showed a close relationship with Yb(N) with few exceptions, they were expressed by the function of Yb(N) as follows. HI(DM)= a1Yb(N)+b1, HI(N)=a2Yb(N)+b2, Nc(h.o.)=a3Yb(N)+3, Gn=a4ln(Yb(N))+ b4, Gw=a5Yb(N)+b5, where, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, b1, b2, b3, b4, and b5 were constants. The HI(DM) and HI(N) were significantly constant in rice, maize, soybean, potato, and sugar beet because the al and a2 values were nearly zero, and HI(N) decreased with the increase of Yb(N) only in wheat. As Nc(b.o.) increased with the increase of Yb(N), Nc(h.o.) was the main factor determining the decrease of Ye when Yb(N) increased. As the value of a4 in all the crops was significantly stable, unlike the value of a5 in some crops, Ye was mainly determined by Gn which was affected by Yb(N). Thus, the Yb, HI(DM), HI(N), Nc(h.o.) parameters related to Yb(N) were useful for analyzing Ye.
• イネ科とマメ科作物のガス交換能よりみた炭素・窒素相互関係の解析

  中村卓司, 大崎満, 山田智, 大橋敬子, 信濃卓郎, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  40-  115  -115  1994/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ハルコムギとダイズの異なる葉位に同化させた¹⁴CO₂と³⁵Sメチオニンの挙動

  松本美奈, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  40-  116  1994/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• イネとダイズの全植物体の栄養生長期における生長効率の比較

  信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  40-  115  -115  1994/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• イネ科とマメ科作物における生育にともなうガス交換能の変遷と差異

  中村卓司, 大橋敬子, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  40-  258  -258  1994/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ハルコムギの群落構造と根の生育との関係

  松本美奈, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 但野利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  40-  256  -256  1994/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 多収穫の生産性 : IV. 各種作物の生産性を決定するパラメーターの解析

  大崎 満, 藤崎 裕之, 森川 和浩, 松本 実香, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料學雜誌  65-  (1)  102  -102  1994/02/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 7 イネ科とマメ科作物における生育にともなうガス交換能の変遷と差異(北海道支部講演会要旨)

  中村 卓司, 大橋 敬子, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  40-  (0)  1994  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 4 ハルコムギの群落構造と根の生育との関係(北海道支部講演会要旨)

  松本 美奈, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  40-  (0)  256  -256  1994  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-43 ハルコムギとダイズの異なる葉位に同化させた^<14>CO_2と^<35>Sメチオニンの挙動(6.植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  松本 美奈, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  40-  (0)  1994  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-42 イネとダイズの全植物体の栄養生長期における生長効率の比較(6.植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  40-  (0)  1994  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-41 イネ科とマメ科作物のガス交換能よりみた炭素・窒素相互関係の解析(6.植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  中村 卓司, 大崎 満, 山田 智, 大橋 敬子, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  40-  (0)  1994  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• PRODUCTIVITY OF HIGH-YIELDING CROPS .4. PARAMETERS DETERMINING DIFFERENCES OF PRODUCTIVITY AMONG FIELD CROPS

  M OSAKI, Y FUJISAKI, K MORIKAWA, M MATSUMOTO, T SHINANO, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  39-  (4)  605  -615  1993/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The biological yield ( Y(b) glucose basis) of crops can be expressed by the following formula: Y(b) = E(u) X E(a), and Y(b) = N AR X LAD, where E(u) is the solar radiation use efficiency; E(a) is the amount of solar radiation received by the plant canopy; NAR is the average net assimilation rate; and LAD is the leaf area duration. The results of parameter analysis obtained under various growing conditions were as follows. 1) When the Y(b) values of all the crops were pooled together, the Y(b) was closely related to the E(u) and LAD parameters, but not to the E(a) or NAR ones. 2) In rice and soybean, the Y(b) was low due to the low values of E(u), E(a), and LAD. In winter wheat and maize, the Y(b) was high due to the high values of E(u) and LAD. In potato and sugar beet, the Y(b) was high due to the intermediate or high values of E(u), E(a), NAR, and LAD in comparison with other crops.
• PRODUCTIVITY OF HIGH-YIELDING CROPS .4. PARAMETERS DETERMINING DIFFERENCES OF PRODUCTIVITY AMONG FIELD CROPS

  M OSAKI, Y FUJISAKI, K MORIKAWA, M MATSUMOTO, T SHINANO, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  39-  (4)  605  -615  1993/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The biological yield ( Y(b) glucose basis) of crops can be expressed by the following formula: Y(b) = E(u) X E(a), and Y(b) = N AR X LAD, where E(u) is the solar radiation use efficiency; E(a) is the amount of solar radiation received by the plant canopy; NAR is the average net assimilation rate; and LAD is the leaf area duration. The results of parameter analysis obtained under various growing conditions were as follows. 1) When the Y(b) values of all the crops were pooled together, the Y(b) was closely related to the E(u) and LAD parameters, but not to the E(a) or NAR ones. 2) In rice and soybean, the Y(b) was low due to the low values of E(u), E(a), and LAD. In winter wheat and maize, the Y(b) was high due to the high values of E(u) and LAD. In potato and sugar beet, the Y(b) was high due to the intermediate or high values of E(u), E(a), NAR, and LAD in comparison with other crops.
• 多収穫作物の生産性III : 多収穫作物の生産性に関連したRibulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenaseとクロロフィルの集積

  大崎 満, 森川 和浩, 吉田 実香, 信濃 卓郎, 伊豫田 誠, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料學雜誌  64-  (5)  615  -615  1993/10/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 数種作物におけるRibulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenaseとクロロフィル集積におよぼす窒素, リン, カリ欠乏の効果

  大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料學雜誌  64-  (5)  615  -616  1993/10/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 数種作物におけるRibulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenaseとクロロフィル集積におよぼす窒素施与の効果

  大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料學雜誌  64-  (5)  616  -616  1993/10/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY AMONG FIELD CROPS RELATED TO NITROGEN NUTRITION AND APPLICATION

  T SHINANO, M OSAKI, T TADANO  PLANT AND SOIL  155-  207  -210  1993/10  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  It has been generally considered that the low productivity of Leguminosae is caused by accumulation in the reproductive organs of a large amount of protein and lipid, since the biochemical costs of synthesizing these compounds is higher than that for carbohydrate. However, we report here on results which show that: the growth efficiencies (dry matter accumulated / (dry matter accumulated + respiration)) of reproductive organs of Gramineae and Leguminosae were similar; the growth efficiency of rice in the vegetative stage was greater than that of soybean and field bean, regardless of nitrogen application rate; and when (CO2)-C-14, C-14-sucrose or C-14-asparagine were introduced to the leaf at the maturation stage, respiratory loss of the introduced C-14 was greater in soybean and field bean, especially in the light, than in rice. Thus, it is assumed that the low productivity in Leguminosae is caused by a larger respiratory loss under both dark and light condition in the shoot, and not in the reproductive organs.
• COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY AMONG FIELD CROPS RELATED TO NITROGEN NUTRITION AND APPLICATION

  T SHINANO, M OSAKI, T TADANO  PLANT AND SOIL  155-  207  -210  1993/10  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  It has been generally considered that the low productivity of Leguminosae is caused by accumulation in the reproductive organs of a large amount of protein and lipid, since the biochemical costs of synthesizing these compounds is higher than that for carbohydrate. However, we report here on results which show that: the growth efficiencies (dry matter accumulated / (dry matter accumulated + respiration)) of reproductive organs of Gramineae and Leguminosae were similar; the growth efficiency of rice in the vegetative stage was greater than that of soybean and field bean, regardless of nitrogen application rate; and when (CO2)-C-14, C-14-sucrose or C-14-asparagine were introduced to the leaf at the maturation stage, respiratory loss of the introduced C-14 was greater in soybean and field bean, especially in the light, than in rice. Thus, it is assumed that the low productivity in Leguminosae is caused by a larger respiratory loss under both dark and light condition in the shoot, and not in the reproductive organs.
• EFFECT OF NITROGEN APPLICATION ON THE ACCUMULATION OF RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE AND CHLOROPHYLL IN SEVERAL FIELD CROPS

  M OSAKI, T SHINANO, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  39-  (3)  427  -436  1993/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  As ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), and chlorophyll are key factors in determining the dry matter production and the yield of crops, the effect of nitrogen application on the accumulation of Rubisco and chlorophyll in several important field crops; rice, spring wheat, maize, soybean, and potato was examined. Although the nitrogen content in leaves increased with the increase of nitrogen application, the distribution rate of nitrogen to Rubisco nitrogen did not correspond to nitrogen application. In contrast, as the crop growth rate per unit amount of Rubisco and per unit amount of chlorophyll decreased with the increase of nitrogen application, the dry matter production and the yield did not increase proportionally by the increase of Rubisco accumulation especially under heavy nitrogen application. The ratio of Rubisco-N to chlorophyll generally decreased after the maximum shoot growth stage, and this ratio was slightly affected by nitrogen application.
• EFFECT OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, OR POTASSIUM-DEFICIENCY ON THE ACCUMULATION OF RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE AND CHLOROPHYLL IN SEVERAL FIELD CROPS

  M OSAKI, T SHINANO, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  39-  (3)  417  -425  1993/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The changes in the amounts of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and chlorophyll were compared under nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium deficiency and standard treatments in field crops (spring wheat, maize, soybean, and potato). The experiments were conducted in the field where the following treatments had been applied since 1914; 1) application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, 2) absence of application of nitrogen (-N), phosphorus (-P), and potassium (-K). Under the -N treatment, although the decrease in the amount of Rubisco was remarkable, the activity of Rubisco (crop growth rate/Rubisco) did not decrease significantly in all the crops. Under the -P treatment, though the amount of Rubisco decreased in soybean and potato, the activity of Rubisco decreased in spring wheat and maize. Under the -K treatment, the amount of Rubisco decreased in all the crops, and the activity of Rubisco decreased in spring wheat and potato. As the proportion of Rubisco-N to the total nitrogen level in the leaves at the vegetative growth stage was affected by the treatment in some cases, but was stable at the maximum shoot growth (MSG) stage regardless of nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium deficiency, it is therefore assumed that some mechanisms of stabilization of the proportion of Rubisco-N to total nitrogen may operate in the leaves against mineral deficiency. The ratio of Rubisco-N to the chlorophyll content decreased after the MSG stage. This ratio was higher in the -N, -P, and -K treatments than in the control at the MSG stage.
• PRODUCTIVITY OF HIGH-YIELDING CROPS .3. ACCUMULATION OF RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE AND CHLOROPHYLL IN RELATION TO PRODUCTIVITY OF HIGH-YIELDING CROPS

  M OSAKI, K MORIKAWA, M MATSUMOTO, T SHINANO, M IYODA, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  39-  (3)  399  -408  1993/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  By using high-yielding varieties (lines) of several crops or applying coated urea, which releases nitrogen slowly, it was possible to achieve a very high yield corresponding to that recorded in Hokkaido, Japan. In this report, the accumulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and chlorophyll was investigated in leaves in relation to the productivity of high-yielding crops, including rice, winter wheat, maize, soybean, and potato. The following results were obtained: 1) The amounts of Rubisco and chlorophyll contained in the leaves of each crop at successive growth stages were larger in the ''high yield'' treatment (by using high-yielding varieties or by applying coated urea) than in the ''standard yield'' treatment (by using standard-yielding varieties or conventional cultivation methods). 2) Crop growth rate (CGR) was expressed by the following formula: CGR = (CGR/Rubisco) X Rubisco, where Rubisco is the amount of Rubisco, and CGR/Rubisco is expressed as CGR (Rubisco). As the CGR (Rubisco) value was not always high in the high-yielding crops compared to standard-yielding crops, CGR (Rubisco) was not considered to be the main factor controlling CGR. 3) Among the high-yielding crops, the amount of Rubisco was in the order of rice < maize < soybean < potato < winter wheat during growth. Based on the above results, it is considered that it is very important to keep the amount of Rubisco and of chlorophyll high until the late ripening stage in order to achieve high yields in these crops.
• EFFECT OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, OR POTASSIUM-DEFICIENCY ON THE ACCUMULATION OF RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE AND CHLOROPHYLL IN SEVERAL FIELD CROPS

  M OSAKI, T SHINANO, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  39-  (3)  417  -425  1993/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The changes in the amounts of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and chlorophyll were compared under nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium deficiency and standard treatments in field crops (spring wheat, maize, soybean, and potato). The experiments were conducted in the field where the following treatments had been applied since 1914; 1) application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, 2) absence of application of nitrogen (-N), phosphorus (-P), and potassium (-K). Under the -N treatment, although the decrease in the amount of Rubisco was remarkable, the activity of Rubisco (crop growth rate/Rubisco) did not decrease significantly in all the crops. Under the -P treatment, though the amount of Rubisco decreased in soybean and potato, the activity of Rubisco decreased in spring wheat and maize. Under the -K treatment, the amount of Rubisco decreased in all the crops, and the activity of Rubisco decreased in spring wheat and potato. As the proportion of Rubisco-N to the total nitrogen level in the leaves at the vegetative growth stage was affected by the treatment in some cases, but was stable at the maximum shoot growth (MSG) stage regardless of nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium deficiency, it is therefore assumed that some mechanisms of stabilization of the proportion of Rubisco-N to total nitrogen may operate in the leaves against mineral deficiency. The ratio of Rubisco-N to the chlorophyll content decreased after the MSG stage. This ratio was higher in the -N, -P, and -K treatments than in the control at the MSG stage.
• PRODUCTIVITY OF HIGH-YIELDING CROPS .3. ACCUMULATION OF RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE AND CHLOROPHYLL IN RELATION TO PRODUCTIVITY OF HIGH-YIELDING CROPS

  M OSAKI, K MORIKAWA, M MATSUMOTO, T SHINANO, M IYODA, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  39-  (3)  399  -408  1993/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  By using high-yielding varieties (lines) of several crops or applying coated urea, which releases nitrogen slowly, it was possible to achieve a very high yield corresponding to that recorded in Hokkaido, Japan. In this report, the accumulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and chlorophyll was investigated in leaves in relation to the productivity of high-yielding crops, including rice, winter wheat, maize, soybean, and potato. The following results were obtained: 1) The amounts of Rubisco and chlorophyll contained in the leaves of each crop at successive growth stages were larger in the ''high yield'' treatment (by using high-yielding varieties or by applying coated urea) than in the ''standard yield'' treatment (by using standard-yielding varieties or conventional cultivation methods). 2) Crop growth rate (CGR) was expressed by the following formula: CGR = (CGR/Rubisco) X Rubisco, where Rubisco is the amount of Rubisco, and CGR/Rubisco is expressed as CGR (Rubisco). As the CGR (Rubisco) value was not always high in the high-yielding crops compared to standard-yielding crops, CGR (Rubisco) was not considered to be the main factor controlling CGR. 3) Among the high-yielding crops, the amount of Rubisco was in the order of rice < maize < soybean < potato < winter wheat during growth. Based on the above results, it is considered that it is very important to keep the amount of Rubisco and of chlorophyll high until the late ripening stage in order to achieve high yields in these crops.
• COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF THE HARVESTING ORGANS AMONG FIELD CROPS .1. GROWTH EFFICIENCY OF THE HARVESTING ORGANS

  T SHINANO, M OSAKI, K KOMATSU, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  39-  (2)  269  -280  1993/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  To investigate the growth efficiency of harvesting organs of rice, winter wheat, oat, barley, maize, sorghum, soybean, field bean, lupin, pea, adzuki bean, chick pea, peanut, sunflower, safflower, flax, rape, castor bean, cotton, and potato, the dry weight and respiratory rate of the harvesting organs were measured and the composition of crude chemical components was determined during maturation. 1) The experimental value of the growth efficiency was generally higher than the theoretical value for biochemical data (Vertregt and Penning de Vries 1987) except for safflower and castor bean. 2) The difference between the experimental value and the theoretical value was especially large in soybean, peanut, safflower, rape, and castor bean, in which the lipid content was high, and cotton. Thus, as there was no clear relationship between the composition of the chemical components and the growth efficiency among the crops, it was difficult to estimate the conversion efficiencies for the production of each chemical component using a unit of glucose based on the experimental data. It is, therefore, suggested that reassimilation of respired CO2 or photosynthesis should be included to estimate the carbon balance in the harvesting organs.
• COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF THE HARVESTING ORGANS AMONG FIELD CROPS .1. GROWTH EFFICIENCY OF THE HARVESTING ORGANS

  T SHINANO, M OSAKI, K KOMATSU, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  39-  (2)  269  -280  1993/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  To investigate the growth efficiency of harvesting organs of rice, winter wheat, oat, barley, maize, sorghum, soybean, field bean, lupin, pea, adzuki bean, chick pea, peanut, sunflower, safflower, flax, rape, castor bean, cotton, and potato, the dry weight and respiratory rate of the harvesting organs were measured and the composition of crude chemical components was determined during maturation. 1) The experimental value of the growth efficiency was generally higher than the theoretical value for biochemical data (Vertregt and Penning de Vries 1987) except for safflower and castor bean. 2) The difference between the experimental value and the theoretical value was especially large in soybean, peanut, safflower, rape, and castor bean, in which the lipid content was high, and cotton. Thus, as there was no clear relationship between the composition of the chemical components and the growth efficiency among the crops, it was difficult to estimate the conversion efficiencies for the production of each chemical component using a unit of glucose based on the experimental data. It is, therefore, suggested that reassimilation of respired CO2 or photosynthesis should be included to estimate the carbon balance in the harvesting organs.
• 5-13 低P、低pH、高pH、および正常な土壌における各種植物の混植効果(5. 植物の無機栄養および養分吸収)

  高村 真弓, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  39-  (39)  59  -59  1993/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-5 水耕ホウレンソウの硝酸含量低減および貯蔵性向上に及ぼす窒素濃度低減効果(6. 植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  吉田 敦, 渡辺 寛二, 原田 和夫, 前林 衛, 菅原 彰敏, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  39-  (39)  77  -77  1993/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-25 ダイズとハルコムギにおける地上部と根部の生長の関係(6. 植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  松本 美奈, 金田 隆史, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  39-  (39)  87  -87  1993/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-29 イネとダイズの葉および収穫部位に同化した^<14>C-化合物の挙動(6. 植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  39-  (39)  89  -89  1993/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 3 多収穫作物におけるRibulose-1.5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenaseの集積経過(北海道支部講演会要旨)

  松本 美奈, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  39-  (39)  232  -232  1993/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 4 多収穫作物における光合成能と呼吸能の変遷(北海道支部講演会要旨)

  金田 隆史, 松本 美奈, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  39-  (39)  232  -232  1993/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 作物における根の役割

  北海道土壌肥料研究通信  39,12-27-  1993  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Effect of nitrogen application on the accumulation of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and chlorophyll in several field crops

  Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano, Toshiaki Tadano  Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  39-  (3)  427  -436  1993  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  As ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), and chlorophyll are key factors in determining the dry matter production and the yield of crops, the effect of nitrogen application on the accumulation of Rubisco and chlorophyll in several important field crops rice, spring wheat, maize, soybean, and potato was examined. Although the nitrogen content in leaves increased with the increase of nitrogen application, the distribution rate of nitrogen to Rubisco nitrogen did not correspond to nitrogen application. In contrast, as the crop growth rate per unit amount of Rubisco and per unit amount of chlorophyll decreased with the increase of nitrogen application, the dry matter production and the yield did not increase proportionally by the increase of Rubisco accumulation especially under heavy nitrogen application. The ratio of Rubisco-N to chlorophyll generally decreased after the maximum shoot growth stage, and this ratio was slightly affected by nitrogen application. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
• 6-5 水耕ホウレンソウの硝酸含量低減および貯蔵性向上に及ぼす窒素濃度低減効果(6. 植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  吉田 敦, 渡辺 寛二, 原田 和夫, 前林 衛, 菅原 彰敏, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  39-  (0)  77  -77  1993  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-29 イネとダイズの葉および収穫部位に同化した^<14>C-化合物の挙動(6. 植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  39-  (0)  89  -89  1993  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-25 ダイズとハルコムギにおける地上部と根部の生長の関係(6. 植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  松本 美奈, 金田 隆史, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  39-  (0)  87  -87  1993  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 5-13 低P、低pH、高pH、および正常な土壌における各種植物の混植効果(5. 植物の無機栄養および養分吸収)

  高村 真弓, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  39-  (0)  59  -59  1993  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 4 多収穫作物における光合成能と呼吸能の変遷(北海道支部講演会要旨)

  金田 隆史, 松本 美奈, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  39-  (0)  232  -232  1993  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 3 多収穫作物におけるRibulose-1.5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenaseの集積経過(北海道支部講演会要旨)

  松本 美奈, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  39-  (0)  232  -232  1993  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 作物生産おける炭素・窒素相互作用 : Soil Science and Plant Nutrition掲載論文要旨Vol.38,No.3(1992年9月)

  大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料學雜誌  63-  (6)  733  -733  1992/12/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• CARBON-NITROGEN INTERACTION IN FIELD CROP PRODUCTION

  M OSAKI, T SHINANO, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  38-  (3)  553  -564  1992/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  A carbon-nitrogen interaction model during growth was developed as follows: DM=DM0e(CNIxN) for Gramineae (rice, wheat, and maize) and root crops (potato, sweet potato, and sugar beet) and DM = DM0 + CNI'X N for Leguminosae (soybean, field bean, and adzuki bean), where, DM is the dry weight of plant, N is the amount of nitrogen accumulated in plant, DM0 is the initial amount of dry weight (obtained by the regression method), and CNI or CNI' is the carbon-nitrogen index. The CNI or CNI'-value changed with the amount of nitrogen absorbed at the time of harvest (N(h)), indicating that the relationship between the CNI or CNI'-value and N(h) fitted to a hyperbolic curve as follows: CNI=1/(aN(h)+b), where, a and b are the coefficients of the equation. As the coefficient a of Leguminosae (soybean, field bean, and adzuki bean) was nearly zero, the CNI' value of Leguminosae was almost constant regardless of N(h). The coefficient a was very similar among rice, maize, potato, and sugar beet. Thus, it is assumed that the carbon-nitrogen interaction was significantly different between Leguminosae and other crops (Gramineae and root crops).
• CARBON-NITROGEN INTERACTION IN FIELD CROP PRODUCTION

  M OSAKI, T SHINANO, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  38-  (3)  553  -564  1992/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  A carbon-nitrogen interaction model during growth was developed as follows: DM=DM0e(CNIxN) for Gramineae (rice, wheat, and maize) and root crops (potato, sweet potato, and sugar beet) and DM = DM0 + CNI'X N for Leguminosae (soybean, field bean, and adzuki bean), where, DM is the dry weight of plant, N is the amount of nitrogen accumulated in plant, DM0 is the initial amount of dry weight (obtained by the regression method), and CNI or CNI' is the carbon-nitrogen index. The CNI or CNI'-value changed with the amount of nitrogen absorbed at the time of harvest (N(h)), indicating that the relationship between the CNI or CNI'-value and N(h) fitted to a hyperbolic curve as follows: CNI=1/(aN(h)+b), where, a and b are the coefficients of the equation. As the coefficient a of Leguminosae (soybean, field bean, and adzuki bean) was nearly zero, the CNI' value of Leguminosae was almost constant regardless of N(h). The coefficient a was very similar among rice, maize, potato, and sugar beet. Thus, it is assumed that the carbon-nitrogen interaction was significantly different between Leguminosae and other crops (Gramineae and root crops).
• 5-27 イネ科とマメ科作物間での単葉光合成能の比較 : 1. 窒素施与と栽植密度の影響(5. 植物の無機栄養および養分吸収)

  山田 智, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  38-  (38)  73  -73  1992/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 5-30 多収穫作物における養分吸収能と根の生長との関係(5. 植物の無機栄養および養分吸収)

  松本 美奈, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  38-  (38)  74  -74  1992/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-24 イネ科とマメ科作物間での乾物生産能の比較 : 1. 炭素・窒素相互作用からみた乾物生産能(6. 植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  38-  (38)  102  -102  1992/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-25 イネ科とマメ科作物間での乾物生産能の比較 : 2. 収穫部位の生長効率(6. 植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  小松 一彦, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  38-  (38)  103  -103  1992/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-26 イネ科とマメ科作物間での乾物生産能の比較 : 3. 栄養生育期の養分吸収と根の生長の関係(6. 植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  信濃 卓郎, 山田 智, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  38-  (38)  103  -103  1992/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 15 イネ科とマメ科作物における光合成能制御機構の比較 : 1. 窒素とクロロフィルの影響(北海道支部講演会要旨)

  山田 智, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  38-  (38)  246  -246  1992/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 5-27 イネ科とマメ科作物間での単葉光合成能の比較 : 1. 窒素施与と栽植密度の影響(5. 植物の無機栄養および養分吸収)

  山田 智, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  38-  (0)  73  -73  1992  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 5-30 多収穫作物における養分吸収能と根の生長との関係(5. 植物の無機栄養および養分吸収)

  松本 美奈, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  38-  (0)  74  -74  1992  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 15 イネ科とマメ科作物における光合成能制御機構の比較 : 1. 窒素とクロロフィルの影響(北海道支部講演会要旨)

  山田 智, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  38-  (0)  246  -246  1992  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-26 イネ科とマメ科作物間での乾物生産能の比較 : 3. 栄養生育期の養分吸収と根の生長の関係(6. 植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  信濃 卓郎, 山田 智, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  38-  (0)  103  -103  1992  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-25 イネ科とマメ科作物間での乾物生産能の比較 : 2. 収穫部位の生長効率(6. 植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  小松 一彦, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  38-  (0)  103  -103  1992  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-24 イネ科とマメ科作物間での乾物生産能の比較 : 1. 炭素・窒素相互作用からみた乾物生産能(6. 植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  38-  (0)  102  -102  1992  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• PRODUCTIVITY OF HIGH-YIELD CROPS .2. COMPARISON OF N, P, K, CA, AND MG ACCUMULATION AND DISTRIBUTION AMONG HIGH-YIELDING CROPS

  M OSAKI, K MORIKAWA, T SHINANO, M URAYAMA, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  37-  (3)  445  -454  1991/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  By using good varieties (lines) and by applying coating urea which releases nitrogen slowly, extremely high yields were obtained in several crops. Based on the high yields and appropriate fertilizer application, it was difficult to consider in this experiment that deficiency or excess of nutrient elements (minerals) occurred in plant, so that the mineral status of crops could be adopted as criterion for high yield. The results obtained were as follows. 1) Amount of minerals absorbed was calculated by the following equation: Ym = Ym/Yb x Yb = MRI x Yb, where Yb is the biological yield, Ym is the mineral yield (amount of minerals absorbed), MRI is the mineral requirement index. The MRI did not show any significant difference between the "high yield" and "standard yield" treatments in each crop with a few exceptions, indicating that the Yb is the main factor which determines the Ym in each crop. 2) The MRI differed clearly among crops in the "high yield" treatment. MRI(N) was higher in soybean and winter wheat than in rice, maize, and potato. The MRI(P) was high in soybean, low in winter wheat and maize. The MRI(K) values were almost identical among the crops except for the "standard yield" treatment in winter wheat and maize. The MRI(Ca) and the MRI(Mg) were high in only soybean. 3) For the "high yield" treatment, the Ym(N), the Ym(Ca), and the Ym(Mg) were high in winter wheat, and soybean, the Ym(P) was high in soybean, the Ym(K) was high in winter wheat, maize, and potato. 4) The HI(DM) was 46% in soybean, 92% in potato, and 47-59% in gramineous plants, but the HI(N), the HI(P), and the HI(K) were higher in soybean and potato than in gramineous plants. Thus, harvesting organs required carbohydrate, N, P, and K intensively in potato, but only N, P, and K intensively in soybean.
• COMPARISON OF RECONSTRUCTION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIZED C-14 COMPOUNDS INCORPORATED INTO SHOOT BETWEEN RICE AND SOYBEAN

  T SHINANO, M OSAKI, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  37-  (3)  409  -417  1991/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  This study deals with the processes whereby the C-14-compounds, which have been constructed in shoot by (CO2)-C-14 fixation during the vegetative growth stage, maximum shoot growth (MSG) stage, and mid-ripening stage, were respired by shoot or other organs and reconstructed in other organs and into other compounds during the growth of rice and soybean. Results are as follows. 1) C-14 once incorporated into leaves, stems, and roots at the vegetative growth stage was largely respired by the MSG stage in soybean, and during ripening in rice. In soybean a large amount of C-14 which had been incorporated into plant at the MSG stage and mid-ripening stage was also respired by harvest, unlike in rice. Thus, soybean immediately respired C-14 compounds once they were incorporated into plant during growth, whereas rice respired a relatively small amount of C-14 before the ripening stage and stored C-14 compounds in shoot, then respired them after the MSG stage. 2) C-14 once incorporated into carbohydrates of leaves at each stage was reconstructed in larger amounts in soybean than in rice. 3) C-14 once incorporated into protein in leaves and carbohydrate in shoot at vegetative growth stage was largely reconstructed by the MSG stage in soybean, and during ripening in rice. 4) Nitrogen which had been accumulated in shoot until the MSG stage was actively retranslocated to harvesting organs in soybean but not in rice. Based on these results, it is concluded that soybean could actively remetabolize carbon and nitrogen compounds once these were incorporated into levels and stems, wheras the remetabolization of carbon and nitrogen compounds was relatively limited in rice.
• PRODUCTIVITY OF HIGH-YIELD CROPS .2. COMPARISON OF N, P, K, CA, AND MG ACCUMULATION AND DISTRIBUTION AMONG HIGH-YIELDING CROPS

  M OSAKI, K MORIKAWA, T SHINANO, M URAYAMA, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  37-  (3)  445  -454  1991/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  By using good varieties (lines) and by applying coating urea which releases nitrogen slowly, extremely high yields were obtained in several crops. Based on the high yields and appropriate fertilizer application, it was difficult to consider in this experiment that deficiency or excess of nutrient elements (minerals) occurred in plant, so that the mineral status of crops could be adopted as criterion for high yield. The results obtained were as follows. 1) Amount of minerals absorbed was calculated by the following equation: Ym = Ym/Yb x Yb = MRI x Yb, where Yb is the biological yield, Ym is the mineral yield (amount of minerals absorbed), MRI is the mineral requirement index. The MRI did not show any significant difference between the "high yield" and "standard yield" treatments in each crop with a few exceptions, indicating that the Yb is the main factor which determines the Ym in each crop. 2) The MRI differed clearly among crops in the "high yield" treatment. MRI(N) was higher in soybean and winter wheat than in rice, maize, and potato. The MRI(P) was high in soybean, low in winter wheat and maize. The MRI(K) values were almost identical among the crops except for the "standard yield" treatment in winter wheat and maize. The MRI(Ca) and the MRI(Mg) were high in only soybean. 3) For the "high yield" treatment, the Ym(N), the Ym(Ca), and the Ym(Mg) were high in winter wheat, and soybean, the Ym(P) was high in soybean, the Ym(K) was high in winter wheat, maize, and potato. 4) The HI(DM) was 46% in soybean, 92% in potato, and 47-59% in gramineous plants, but the HI(N), the HI(P), and the HI(K) were higher in soybean and potato than in gramineous plants. Thus, harvesting organs required carbohydrate, N, P, and K intensively in potato, but only N, P, and K intensively in soybean.
• COMPARISON OF RECONSTRUCTION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIZED C-14 COMPOUNDS INCORPORATED INTO SHOOT BETWEEN RICE AND SOYBEAN

  T SHINANO, M OSAKI, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  37-  (3)  409  -417  1991/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  This study deals with the processes whereby the C-14-compounds, which have been constructed in shoot by (CO2)-C-14 fixation during the vegetative growth stage, maximum shoot growth (MSG) stage, and mid-ripening stage, were respired by shoot or other organs and reconstructed in other organs and into other compounds during the growth of rice and soybean. Results are as follows. 1) C-14 once incorporated into leaves, stems, and roots at the vegetative growth stage was largely respired by the MSG stage in soybean, and during ripening in rice. In soybean a large amount of C-14 which had been incorporated into plant at the MSG stage and mid-ripening stage was also respired by harvest, unlike in rice. Thus, soybean immediately respired C-14 compounds once they were incorporated into plant during growth, whereas rice respired a relatively small amount of C-14 before the ripening stage and stored C-14 compounds in shoot, then respired them after the MSG stage. 2) C-14 once incorporated into carbohydrates of leaves at each stage was reconstructed in larger amounts in soybean than in rice. 3) C-14 once incorporated into protein in leaves and carbohydrate in shoot at vegetative growth stage was largely reconstructed by the MSG stage in soybean, and during ripening in rice. 4) Nitrogen which had been accumulated in shoot until the MSG stage was actively retranslocated to harvesting organs in soybean but not in rice. Based on these results, it is concluded that soybean could actively remetabolize carbon and nitrogen compounds once these were incorporated into levels and stems, wheras the remetabolization of carbon and nitrogen compounds was relatively limited in rice.
• Translocation of <14>^C Assimilated by Leaves of Different Positions at Each Growing Stage of the Potato Plant

  OSAKI Mitsuru, KOYANAGI Atsushi, SHINANO Takuro, TANAKA Akira  Journal of the science of soil and manure, Japan  62-  (3)  274  -281  1991/06/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Source-sink relationship in photosynthates of the potato plant was studied by observation of vascular system and ^<14>C-tracer method. 1) The vascular system of the stem is composed of five bundles, and the exsertion point of leaves alternates with a 2/5 phyllotaxy. Organs, which are exserted from a node, can be classified into 5 groups by the phyllotaxy. 2) ^<14>C assimilated by a leaf at a node translocates more intensively to the organs exserted from that node group, and the 2nd and 3rd node groups above or below the ^<14>C-fed leaf than other organs, supporting the morphological observation. However, actively growing organs receive photosynthate from the leaves belonging to other vascular systems to some extent depending upon the situation of source-sink relationship. 3) ^<14>C assimilated by each leaf was mainly translocated to leaves, branches above ^<14>C-assimilated leaf, and roots at the 10th leaf stage, to branches and stem near the ^<14>C-assimilated leaf at flower-bud-appearing stage, and to tubers at flowering of 2nd flower. Thus, after tuber began to swell, ^<14&g;C-assimilated by each leaf almost translocated to tubers so that mutual relationship to some organs among leaves like rice plant was not clear in potato plant.
• PRODUCTIVITY OF HIGH-YIELDING CROPS .1. COMPARISON OF GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY AMONG HIGH-YIELDING CROPS

  M OSAKI, K MORIKAWA, M YOSHIDA, T SHINANO, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  37-  (2)  331  -339  1991/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  By using high-yielding varieties (lines) and by applying coating urea which releases nitrogen slowly, it was possible to achieved a very high yield, which corresponded to the yield records reported in Hokkaido. The results obtained in the "high yield" compared with the "standard yield" treatments were as follows. 1) The economic yield (t/ha on a dry weight basis) for the "high yield" treatment was 6.4 in rice, 11.0 in winter wheat, 11.4 in maize, 5.3 in soybean, and 16.3 in potato. 2) The biological yield (t/ha on a dry weight basis) for the "high yield" treatment was 13.6 in rice, 18.6 in winter wheat, 22.4 in maize, 11.5 in soybean, and 17.7 in potato. 3) The LAI was improved in the "high yield" crops compared with the "standard yield" crops, whereas the NAR was not. 4) The grain (tuber) number was improved for the "high yield" crops compared with the "standard yield" crops, but 1,000 grains weight was not improved except for maize.
• COMPARISON OF RECONSTRUCTION OF CARBON AND NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS DURING GERMINATION BETWEEN GRAMINEAE AND LEGUMINOSAE

  T SHINANO, M OSAKI, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  37-  (2)  249  -258  1991/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  In order to obtain basic information on the reconstruction of carbon and nitrogen compounds during germination, changes in the content and composition of the chemical components of Gramineae (rice, wheat, and maize) and Leguminosae (soybean, field bean, and peanut) during germination were compared. The results obtained were as follows. 1) In seeds, the carbohydrate content decreased preferentially in Gramineae, whereas components such as crude protein, carbohydrates, crude fiber, and crude lipid were decomposed rather evenly in Leguminosae during germination. 2) The composition of the free amino acids and amides (FAA) and amino acids of hydrolyzed proteins (PAA) in seeds was similar in Gramineae, but different in Leguminosae during germination. In all the crops of these two families examined, the composition of FAA in stems was different from that of PAA in seeds and leaves. 3) The composition of PAA was quite similar in seeds and leaves in all the crops examined. 4) Nitrogen application did not affect the composition of FAA and PAA in all the crops. 5) The reconstruction process of the carbon and nitrogen compounds was assumed to be quite different among these two families.
• EFFECT OF NITROGEN APPLICATION ON RECONSTRUCTION OF NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS DURING THE MATURATION STAGE IN SEVERAL FIELD CROPS

  T SHINANO, M OSAKI, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  37-  (2)  259  -270  1991/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The effect of nitrogen application on the process of nitrogen distribution and retranslocation during the maturation stage was investigated in the field for rice, spring wheat, maize, soybean and potato. 1. The yield of the harvesting organs reached a peak at 100 kg N/ha (100 N) in potato and at 300 kg N/ha (300 N) in rice, spring wheat, maize, and soybean. In soybean, the yield was the same at 0 kg N/ha (0 N) and at 100 N, but it increased with the increase of the level of nitrogen application from 100 N to 300 N. 2. The amount of nitrogen accumulated in the plant increased with the increase of the level of nitrogen application up to 300 N in rice, soybean and potato and up to 600 N in spring wheat and maize. 3. The harvest index of dry weight was stable regardless of the level of nitrogen application, but that of nitrogen showed a decrease at 300 N and 600 N in all the crops except for soybean. 4. The proportion of each fractionated nitrogen compound was not altered by nitrogen application in the leaves and the harvesting organs of all the crops. Although it was also stable between 0 N and 100 N in the stems, the proportion of ethanol-soluble nitrogen to total nitrogen increased with the level of nitrogen application from 100 N to 300 N in the stems of all the crops except for soybean. 5. The proportion of free amino acid nitrogen and/or nitrate nitrogen in the stems increased with the increase of the level of nitrogen application in all the crops, and that of amides in the stems also increased to some extent. On the other hand, it was quite stable in the leaves and the harvesting organs. Based on the above results, it is suggested that, though the amount of nitrogen accumulated in the plant increased and the pattern of nitrogen distribution changed with the level of nitrogen application, the mechanism for the reconstruction of the nitrogen compounds in the leaves and harvesting organs was stable regardless of the level of nitrogen application in all the crops.
• PRODUCTIVITY OF HIGH-YIELDING CROPS .1. COMPARISON OF GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY AMONG HIGH-YIELDING CROPS

  M OSAKI, K MORIKAWA, M YOSHIDA, T SHINANO, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  37-  (2)  331  -339  1991/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  By using high-yielding varieties (lines) and by applying coating urea which releases nitrogen slowly, it was possible to achieved a very high yield, which corresponded to the yield records reported in Hokkaido. The results obtained in the "high yield" compared with the "standard yield" treatments were as follows. 1) The economic yield (t/ha on a dry weight basis) for the "high yield" treatment was 6.4 in rice, 11.0 in winter wheat, 11.4 in maize, 5.3 in soybean, and 16.3 in potato. 2) The biological yield (t/ha on a dry weight basis) for the "high yield" treatment was 13.6 in rice, 18.6 in winter wheat, 22.4 in maize, 11.5 in soybean, and 17.7 in potato. 3) The LAI was improved in the "high yield" crops compared with the "standard yield" crops, whereas the NAR was not. 4) The grain (tuber) number was improved for the "high yield" crops compared with the "standard yield" crops, but 1,000 grains weight was not improved except for maize.
• COMPARISON OF RECONSTRUCTION OF CARBON AND NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS DURING GERMINATION BETWEEN GRAMINEAE AND LEGUMINOSAE

  T SHINANO, M OSAKI, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  37-  (2)  249  -258  1991/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  In order to obtain basic information on the reconstruction of carbon and nitrogen compounds during germination, changes in the content and composition of the chemical components of Gramineae (rice, wheat, and maize) and Leguminosae (soybean, field bean, and peanut) during germination were compared. The results obtained were as follows. 1) In seeds, the carbohydrate content decreased preferentially in Gramineae, whereas components such as crude protein, carbohydrates, crude fiber, and crude lipid were decomposed rather evenly in Leguminosae during germination. 2) The composition of the free amino acids and amides (FAA) and amino acids of hydrolyzed proteins (PAA) in seeds was similar in Gramineae, but different in Leguminosae during germination. In all the crops of these two families examined, the composition of FAA in stems was different from that of PAA in seeds and leaves. 3) The composition of PAA was quite similar in seeds and leaves in all the crops examined. 4) Nitrogen application did not affect the composition of FAA and PAA in all the crops. 5) The reconstruction process of the carbon and nitrogen compounds was assumed to be quite different among these two families.
• EFFECT OF NITROGEN APPLICATION ON RECONSTRUCTION OF NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS DURING THE MATURATION STAGE IN SEVERAL FIELD CROPS

  T SHINANO, M OSAKI, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  37-  (2)  259  -270  1991/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The effect of nitrogen application on the process of nitrogen distribution and retranslocation during the maturation stage was investigated in the field for rice, spring wheat, maize, soybean and potato. 1. The yield of the harvesting organs reached a peak at 100 kg N/ha (100 N) in potato and at 300 kg N/ha (300 N) in rice, spring wheat, maize, and soybean. In soybean, the yield was the same at 0 kg N/ha (0 N) and at 100 N, but it increased with the increase of the level of nitrogen application from 100 N to 300 N. 2. The amount of nitrogen accumulated in the plant increased with the increase of the level of nitrogen application up to 300 N in rice, soybean and potato and up to 600 N in spring wheat and maize. 3. The harvest index of dry weight was stable regardless of the level of nitrogen application, but that of nitrogen showed a decrease at 300 N and 600 N in all the crops except for soybean. 4. The proportion of each fractionated nitrogen compound was not altered by nitrogen application in the leaves and the harvesting organs of all the crops. Although it was also stable between 0 N and 100 N in the stems, the proportion of ethanol-soluble nitrogen to total nitrogen increased with the level of nitrogen application from 100 N to 300 N in the stems of all the crops except for soybean. 5. The proportion of free amino acid nitrogen and/or nitrate nitrogen in the stems increased with the increase of the level of nitrogen application in all the crops, and that of amides in the stems also increased to some extent. On the other hand, it was quite stable in the leaves and the harvesting organs. Based on the above results, it is suggested that, though the amount of nitrogen accumulated in the plant increased and the pattern of nitrogen distribution changed with the level of nitrogen application, the mechanism for the reconstruction of the nitrogen compounds in the leaves and harvesting organs was stable regardless of the level of nitrogen application in all the crops.
• 6-36 多収穫作物における生産性の解析(6. 植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  大崎 満, 森川 和浩, 吉田 美香, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  37-  (37)  101  -101  1991/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-37 各種作物の生育各時期における生長効率の比較(6. 植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  37-  (37)  102  -102  1991/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 1 各種作物における収量およびRibulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenaseの集積におよぼす窒素施肥の影響(北海道支部講演会講演要旨(その1))

  信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  37-  (37)  217  -217  1991/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 2 各種作物のRibulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenaseの集積におよぼす窒素、リン、カリ欠乏の影響(北海道支部講演会講演要旨(その1))

  大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  37-  (37)  217  -217  1991/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 8 各種作物の収穫部位における生長効率と転換効率(北海道支部講演会講演要旨(その2))

  信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  37-  (37)  222  -222  1991/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• REDISTRIBUTION OF CARBON AND NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS FROM THE SHOOT TO THE HARVESTING ORGANS DURING MATURATION IN FIELD CROPS

  M OSAKI, T SHINANO, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  37-  (1)  117  -128  1991/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The present paper aims at determining how carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) compounds are redistributed from leaves to harvesting organs during maturation in several major field crops. In order to illustrate these processes in the case of C and N compounds, 6 major crops in Hokkaido were grown and compared during maturation. The results obtained were as follows. 1) The N-redistribution rate during maturation was in the order of wheat, soybean and potato > maize > rice. The percentage of distributed nitrogen among the different nitrogenous fractions in leaves and stems was remained constant during maturation, suggesting that each nitrogen compound was equally decomposed. 2) The composition of protein amino acids was similar regardless of organs or crops. The composition of free amino acids differed widely among organs and crops, and differed from that of protein amino acids. Therefore during the translocation of amino acids from leaves to harvesting organs through stems, the composition of free amino acids was almost reconstructed in all the crops. 3) Dry weight of leaves and stems during maturation increased in rice, wheat and maize, but decreased in soybean and potato. The proportion of cellulose and hemicellulose in leaves was high in rice, wheat and maize and low in soybean and potato, whereas that of stems was high in all the crops. The amount of cell wall components in leaves and stems decreased during maturation only in soybean and potato.
• REDISTRIBUTION OF CARBON AND NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS FROM THE SHOOT TO THE HARVESTING ORGANS DURING MATURATION IN FIELD CROPS

  M OSAKI, T SHINANO, T TADANO  SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION  37-  (1)  117  -128  1991/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The present paper aims at determining how carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) compounds are redistributed from leaves to harvesting organs during maturation in several major field crops. In order to illustrate these processes in the case of C and N compounds, 6 major crops in Hokkaido were grown and compared during maturation. The results obtained were as follows. 1) The N-redistribution rate during maturation was in the order of wheat, soybean and potato > maize > rice. The percentage of distributed nitrogen among the different nitrogenous fractions in leaves and stems was remained constant during maturation, suggesting that each nitrogen compound was equally decomposed. 2) The composition of protein amino acids was similar regardless of organs or crops. The composition of free amino acids differed widely among organs and crops, and differed from that of protein amino acids. Therefore during the translocation of amino acids from leaves to harvesting organs through stems, the composition of free amino acids was almost reconstructed in all the crops. 3) Dry weight of leaves and stems during maturation increased in rice, wheat and maize, but decreased in soybean and potato. The proportion of cellulose and hemicellulose in leaves was high in rice, wheat and maize and low in soybean and potato, whereas that of stems was high in all the crops. The amount of cell wall components in leaves and stems decreased during maturation only in soybean and potato.
• Translocation of <14>^C Assimilated by Leaves of Different Positions at Each Growing Stage of the Potato Plant

  OSAKI Mitsuru, KOYANAGI Atsushi, SHINANO Takuro, TANAKA Akira  Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  62-  (3)  274  -281  1991  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Source-sink relationship in photosynthates of the potato plant was studied by observation of vascular system and ^<14>C-tracer method. 1) The vascular system of the stem is composed of five bundles, and the exsertion point of leaves alternates with a 2/5 phyllotaxy. Organs, which are exserted from a node, can be classified into 5 groups by the phyllotaxy. 2) ^<14>C assimilated by a leaf at a node translocates more intensively to the organs exserted from that node group, and the 2nd and 3rd node groups above or below the ^<14>C-fed leaf than other organs, supporting the morphological observation. However, actively growing organs receive photosynthate from the leaves belonging to other vascular systems to some extent depending upon the situation of source-sink relationship. 3) ^<14>C assimilated by each leaf was mainly translocated to leaves, branches above ^<14>C-assimilated leaf, and roots at the 10th leaf stage, to branches and stem near the ^<14>C-assimilated leaf at flower-bud-appearing stage, and to tubers at flowering of 2nd flower. Thus, after tuber began to swell, ^<14&g;C-assimilated by each leaf almost translocated to tubers so that mutual relationship to some organs among leaves like rice plant was not clear in potato plant.
• 8 各種作物の収穫部位における生長効率と転換効率(北海道支部講演会講演要旨(その2))

  信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  37-  (0)  222  -222  1991  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 2 各種作物のRibulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenaseの集積におよぼす窒素、リン、カリ欠乏の影響(北海道支部講演会講演要旨(その1))

  大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  37-  (0)  217  -217  1991  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 1 各種作物における収量およびRibulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenaseの集積におよぼす窒素施肥の影響(北海道支部講演会講演要旨(その1))

  信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  37-  (0)  217  -217  1991  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-36 多収穫作物における生産性の解析(6. 植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  大崎 満, 森川 和浩, 吉田 美香, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  37-  (0)  101  -101  1991  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-37 各種作物の生育各時期における生長効率の比較(6. 植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  37-  (0)  102  -102  1991  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• The Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Deficiency on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Nitrogen Metabolism in Several Crops

  SHINANO Takuro, OSAKI Mitsuru, TADANO Toshiaki  Journal of the science of soil and manure, Japan  61-  (5)  439  -446  1990/10/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  In order to investigate the effect of the macronutrient deficiencies on the utilization and the allocation of nitrogen in wheat, maize, soybean, and potato, an experiment was conducted in the field where treatments (1) with application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, (2) without nitrogen, (3) without phosphorus, and (4) without potassium have been maintained for 74 years. The following results were obtained. 1. The relative dry weight of the harvest organs in the treatment without N, P, or K application, compared with the control treatment, was 28, 88, and 91, respectively, in wheat; 40, 81, and 38 in maize; 106, 82, and 57 in soybean; and 25, 70, and 46 in potato. 2. The absorption of N, P, and K was considerably lower in the treatment without N, P, or K application, the photosynthetic activity should be more important than the N use efficiency and the harvest index of N. The decomposition of nitrogen compounds, translocation, and reconstruction might be kept quite stable under deficiency of each macronutrient.
• 1 炭素・窒素化合物が登熟中に葉・茎から収穫部位に再編成される機作の種間差(北海道支部講演会要旨)

  大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  36-  (36)  81  -81  1990/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 2 各種作物における収量および窒素化合物の集積・分配に及ぼす窒素施肥の影響(北海道支部講演会要旨)

  信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  36-  (36)  81  -81  1990/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• The Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Deficiency on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Nitrogen Metabolism in Several Crops

  SHINANO Takuro, OSAKI Mitsuru, TADANO Toshiaki  Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  61-  (5)  439  -446  1990  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  In order to investigate the effect of the macronutrient deficiencies on the utilization and the allocation of nitrogen in wheat, maize, soybean, and potato, an experiment was conducted in the field where treatments (1) with application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, (2) without nitrogen, (3) without phosphorus, and (4) without potassium have been maintained for 74 years. The following results were obtained. 1. The relative dry weight of the harvest organs in the treatment without N, P, or K application, compared with the control treatment, was 28, 88, and 91, respectively, in wheat; 40, 81, and 38 in maize; 106, 82, and 57 in soybean; and 25, 70, and 46 in potato. 2. The absorption of N, P, and K was considerably lower in the treatment without N, P, or K application, the photosynthetic activity should be more important than the N use efficiency and the harvest index of N. The decomposition of nitrogen compounds, translocation, and reconstruction might be kept quite stable under deficiency of each macronutrient.
• 2 各種作物における収量および窒素化合物の集積・分配に及ぼす窒素施肥の影響(北海道支部講演会要旨)

  信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  36-  (0)  81  -81  1990  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 1 炭素・窒素化合物が登熟中に葉・茎から収穫部位に再編成される機作の種間差(北海道支部講演会要旨)

  大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  36-  (0)  81  -81  1990  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-4 発芽時の種子タンパク質が茎葉タンパク質へ再編成される機作の種間差(予報)(6.植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  35-  (35)  89  -89  1989/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 6-4 発芽時の種子タンパク質が茎葉タンパク質へ再編成される機作の種間差(予報)(6.植物の代謝および代謝成分)

  信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  35-  (0)  89  -89  1989  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11 イネ,トウモロコシ,トマトのNH_4とNO_3の吸収に及ぼす低溶存酸素濃度の影響(北海道支部講演会要旨)

  信濃 卓郎, 田中 明  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  34-  (34)  220  -220  1988/03/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 11 イネ,トウモロコシ,トマトのNH_4とNO_3の吸収に及ぼす低溶存酸素濃度の影響(北海道支部講演会要旨)

  信濃 卓郎, 田中 明  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  34-  (0)  220  -220  1988  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 5-2 作物によるNH_4-N, NO_3-Nの吸収・利用に及ぼす溶存酸素濃度の影響(5.植物の無機栄養および養分吸収)

  信濃 卓郎, 田中 明  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  33-  (33)  59  -59  1987/07/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 5-2 作物によるNH_4-N, NO_3-Nの吸収・利用に及ぼす溶存酸素濃度の影響(5.植物の無機栄養および養分吸収)

  信濃 卓郎, 田中 明  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  33-  (0)  59  -59  1987  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 5-5 NH_4-NまたはNO_3-N培地における各種作物の生育に及ぼす溶存酸素濃度の影響(5.植物の無機栄養および養分吸収)

  田中 明, 但野 利秋, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  32-  (32)  50  -50  1986/03/25  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 5-5 NH_4-NまたはNO_3-N培地における各種作物の生育に及ぼす溶存酸素濃度の影響(5.植物の無機栄養および養分吸収)

  田中 明, 但野 利秋, 信濃 卓郎  日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集  32-  (0)  50  -50  1986  [Not refereed][Not invited]