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Master

Affiliation (Master)

  • Research Faculty of Agriculture　Fundamental AgriScience Research　Animal Science

Affiliation (Master)

  • Research Faculty of Agriculture　Fundamental AgriScience Research　Animal Science

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Degree

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  • Name (Japanese)

    Ueda

  • Name (Kana)

    Koichiro

  • Name

    200901083689055312

Alternate Names

Achievement

Research Interests

  • nutritional ecology   animal production system   beef cattle   sheep   grazing   digestion   feed intake   horse   dairy cow   

Research Areas

  • Life sciences / Zoological sciences / animal science
  • Life sciences / Animals: biochemistry, physiology, behavioral science / animal science

Research Experience

  • 2016/04 - Today Hokkaido University Graduate School of Agriculture Research Faculty of Agriculture
  • 2011/11 - 2016/03 Hokkaido University Graduate School of Agriculture Research Faculty of Agriculture
  • 2008/04 - 2011/10 Hokkaido University Graduate School of Agriculture Research Faculty of Agriculture
  • 2006/04 - 2008/03 Hokkaido University Graduate School of Agriculture Research Faculty of Agriculture
  • 2004/08 - 2006/03 Hokkaido University
  • 1999/04 - 2004/07 Hokkaido University
  • 1998/01 - 1999/03 Hokkaido University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science
  • 1996/09 - 1997/12 Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
  • 1996/04 - 1996/08 Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Education

  • 1993/04 - 1996/03  Hokkaido University
  • 1991/04 - 1993/03  Hokkaido University
  • 1988/10 - 1991/03  Hokkaido University  Faculty of Agriculture
  • 1987/04 - 1988/09  Hokkaido University
  • 1984/04 - 1987/03  私立大阪明星高等学校

Awards

  • 2001/03 日本畜産学会 日本畜産学会奨励賞
     
    受賞者: 上田 宏一郎

Published Papers

  • Blood composition before the clinical diagnosis of digestive and respiratory disease in pre-weaning dairy calves
    Yuko SHINGU, Koichiro UEDA, Yoshitaka MATSUI, Takuji WAKATSUKI, Akira DOKOSHI
    60 (1) 19 - 25 2024 [Refereed]
  • Shigeru Morita, Yuko Shingu, Akira Dokoshi, Koichiro Ueda
    Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho 94 (1) e13863  2023 [Refereed]
     
    Respiratory disease in calves is one of the most prominent diseases affecting their growth. The early and accurate detection of calf disease on the farm brings proper growth of calves. The objective of this study was to compare the daily and hourly behavioral time of diseased calves with the other calves in same pen (pen-mates) for 7 days prior to the diagnosis day. The calves (from 14 to 20 heads) were reared in a group. Day 0 was defined as the day of diagnosis. The number of diseased calves was 30 in the present experiment. The lying and eating behavior of calves were observed at 10-min intervals. The diseased calves have significantly (P < 0.01) shorter eating times than the pen-mates on the diagnosis day. The longest hourly time of the eating was in the period between 08:00 and 09:00, and shortest lying time was in the period between 09:00 and 10:00. Diseased calves had significantly (P < 0.05) longer daily lying time and shorter daily eating time than the pen-mates almost for the 7 days prior to the diagnosis day. Even though the daily behavioral time was different, the difference of behavioral time in successive hour periods was limited.
  • Yuko Shingu, Akira Dokoshi, Koichiro Ueda
    Animal Science Journal 94 (1) 1344-3941 2023/01 [Refereed]
  • Koichiro Ueda, Takakyuki Ishii, Yukako Nakai, Kunio Odaka
    Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho 94 (1) e13830  2023 [Refereed]
     
    To assess the usefulness of a commercially available indoor positioning system for monitoring the resting time and moving distance in group-housed dairy calves as indicators of their health status, five dairy calves were housed in a free barn, and their coordinate was recorded. The mean displacement (cm/s) within a minute showed a double-mixture distribution. Actual observations revealed that the minutes in the first distribution with shorter displacement were mostly the time that the calves spent lying. To predict the daily lying time and moving distance, a mixed distribution was divided at a threshold value. The mean sensitivity (the proportion of total minutes predicted correctly as lying, in total minutes observed lying) was more than 92%. The daily fluctuation in lying time correlated well with the actual lying time (r = 0.758, p < 0.01). The range of fluctuations was 740-1308 min/day and 724-1269 m/day for daily lying time and moving distance, respectively. The rectal temperature was correlated with daily lying time (r = 0.441, p < 0.001) and distance moved (r = 0.483, p < 0.001). The indoor positioning system can be a useful tool for early illness detection in calves before the onset of symptoms in group-housing systems.
  • Eri Furukawa, Zhen Chen, Tomoaki Kubo, Yue Wu, Koichiro Ueda, Madalitso Chelenga, Hitoshi Chiba, Yojiro Yanagawa, Seiji Katagiri, Masashi Nagano, Shu-Ping Hui
    Theriogenology 193 20 - 29 0093-691X 2022/11 [Refereed]
     
    A severe negative energy balance and high circulating free fatty acids (FFA) in postpartum cows impair fertility. The lipotoxicity of FFA has been shown to decrease the quality of bovine oocytes in vitro. Therefore, excess FFA in cells is converted to triacylglycerol (TAG), a non-toxic form, to avoid lipotoxicity. We recently reported that the TAG content in oocytes was higher in postpartum lactating cows subjected to grazing management than in heifers (Theriogenology 176: 174-182, 2021). The present study investigated the compositions of the energy metabolism-related lipids, FFA and TAG, in the plasma and oocytes of cows at different lactation stages under indoor intensive feeding management in order to obtain insights into lipotoxicity in oocytes, particularly those in early postpartum cows. Blood and oocytes were collected from 20 lactating cows categorized into the following lactation groups: 20-30 days in milk (DIM) (n = 5), 40-50 DIM (n = 5), 60-80 DIM (n = 5), and 130-160 DIM (n = 5). Daily energy balance data were obtained for 3 weeks prior to oocyte collection using the ovum pick up (OPU) method. The contents and compositions of FFA and TAG in plasma and oocytes were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. As expected, plasma FFA was high at 20-30 DIM, decreased by 50 DIM, and was maintained at a low level for the remainder of the experimental period. Similar changes were observed in oocyte FFA and TAG with DIM as plasma FFA. Oocyte FFA positively correlated with plasma FFA (P < 0.05), but negatively correlated with the mean energy balance 1 and 21 days before OPU (P < 0.05). Relationships were noted between the composition and content of FFA in plasma and oocytes, with the FFA 16:1/16:0 and 18:1/18:0 ratios positively correlating with the total amount of FFA (P < 0.05). Elevated oocyte FFA in cows in the early postpartum period under intensive feeding management suggested that oocytes were at a high risk of FFA lipotoxicity. Furthermore, the present results implied that the severe negative energy balance in the previous few weeks was closely related to increases in oocyte FFA, which supports the importance of long-term cow feeding management for preserving the quality of oocytes in the early postpartum period. The present results provide insights into the effects of high circulating FFA on the fertility of postpartum cows.
  • Kenta Maegawa, Haruka Koyama, Satoru Fukiya, Atsushi Yokota, Koichiro Ueda, Satoshi Ishizuka
    The British journal of nutrition 127 (11) 1621 - 1630 2022/06/14 [Refereed]
     
    Enterohepatic circulation of 12α-hydroxylated (12αOH) bile acid (BA) is enhanced depending on the energy intake in high-fat diet-fed rats. Such BA metabolism can be reproduced using a diet supplemented with cholic acid (CA), which also induces simple steatosis, without inflammation and fibrosis, accompanied by some other symptoms that are frequently observed in the condition of non-alcoholic fatty liver in rats. We investigated whether supplementation of the diet with raffinose (Raf) improves hepatic lipid accumulation induced by the CA-fed condition in rats. After acclimation to the AIN-93-based control diet, male Wistar rats were fed diets supplemented with a combination of Raf (30 g/kg diet) and/or CA (0·5 g/kg diet) for 4 weeks. Dietary Raf normalised hepatic TAG levels (two-way ANOVA P < 0·001 for CA, P = 0·02 for Raf and P = 0·004 for interaction) in the CA-supplemented diet-fed rats. Dietary Raf supplementation reduced hepatic 12αOH BA concentration (two-way ANOVA P < 0·001 for CA, P = 0·003 for Raf and P = 0·03 for interaction). The concentration of 12αOH BA was reduced in the aortic and portal plasma. Raf supplementation increased acetic acid concentration in the caecal contents (two-way ANOVA P = 0·001 as a main effect). Multiple regression analysis revealed that concentrations of aortic 12αOH BA and caecal acetic acid could serve as predictors of hepatic TAG concentration (R2 = 0·55, P < 0·001). However, Raf did not decrease the secondary 12αOH BA concentration in the caecal contents as well as the transaminase activity in the CA diet-fed rats. These results imply that dietary Raf normalises hepatic lipid accumulation via suppression of enterohepatic 12αOH BA circulation.
  • Measurement of frequency of sucking in rubber teat-fed dairy calves using an accelerometer attached on the neck-collar
    Shigeru MORITA, Syunpei OKAZAKI, Hiroyuki KATO, Koichiro UEDA
    58 (3) 109 - 115 2022 [Refereed]
  • Kyaw San Win, Koichiro Ueda, Seiji Kondo
    Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho 92 (1) e13590  2021/12 [Refereed]
     
    Six ruminal-cannulated nonlactating Holstein Friesian cows (mean body weight:660 ± 42.9 kg) were used to investigate the effect of soybean meal (SBM) supplementation on voluntary rice straw (RS) intake, feed particle size reduction, and passage kinetics in the rumen. They were allocated to two dietary treatments: RS alone or RS supplemented with SBM. Voluntary dry matter intake of RS and total tract fiber digestibility was increased by SBM supplementation (p < 0.05). Supplementation with SBM decreased rumination time per dietary dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDFom) intake (p < 0.01). Particle size distribution in the rumen and total ruminal NDFom digesta weights were not affected by SBM supplementation. However, the disappearance rates of total digesta and large and small particles from the rumen were increased by SBM supplementation (p < 0.01). Moreover, SBM supplementation increased the rate of size reduction in ruminal particles (p < 0.05). In situ disappearance of DM and NDFom of RS in the rumen was greater in SBM-supplemented cows than in nonsupplemented cows (p < 0.05). This study clearly showed that increased ruminal RS particle size reduction, passage, and fermentation due to SBM supplementation accelerated the RS particle clearance from the rumen and resulted in increased voluntary RS intake of dairy cows.
  • Tomohiro Mitani, Kuniyuki Kobayashi, Koichiro Ueda, Seiji Kondo
    Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho 92 (1) e13570  2021/01 [Refereed]
     
    In this study, we investigated the regional differences in the composition of farm bulk milk produced at three different dairy areas in Hokkaido, Japan. A field survey was conducted at Central, Tokachi, and North areas of Hokkaido, three or four times a year. At each farm, an interview questionnaire for farm basal data was conducted, and 500 ml of bulk tank milk sample was obtained. Fatty acid composition, and vitamin and carotenoid concentrations in the milk samples were determined. In Central and Tokachi areas, corn silage was used as the main forage. In North area, fresh herbage was the dominant feed in the summer season, and grass hay was the main feed in the winter season. Discriminant analysis revealed that the composition of milk samples differed among the areas and seasons. Milk from Central and Tokachi areas contained a higher ratio of linoleic acid compared with that from North area, but there were only slight differences in the composition of milk between Central and Tokachi areas. The concentrations of carotenoids and α-tocopherol were higher in samples from North area and the ratios of trans-vaccenic acid and conjugated linoleic acid were higher in the summer season than in the indoor season.
  • Tomohiro Mitani, Sawako Nakajima, Seongjin Oh, Masahito Kawai, Koichiro Ueda
    Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho 92 (1) e13639  2021 [Refereed]
     
    The present study investigated the effects of adaptation to grazing in early spring on the herbage intake, milk production, and body weight changes in lactating dairy cows. The experiment included 12 Holstein lactating cows during early spring. Six cows were allowed to gradually adapt to grazing (ADP) over 10 days. They were allowed to graze on a pasture for 4 h during the first week and for 19 h during the remaining 3 days (adaptation period). During the 10-day period, the remaining six cows were housed in a barn (CON). Cows in both groups received adequate silage, hay, and concentrate during the adaptation period. Subsequently, cows in both groups were allowed to graze together for 19 h for 4 weeks (experimental period). No cow received supplements during the experimental period. In the first week of the experimental period, the ADP cows showed a higher herbage intake than the CON cows. During the subsequent weeks, there were no differences in herbage intake between the two groups. At the start of the experimental period, milk production and body weight of the ADP cows were higher than those of the CON cows, and this difference lasted until the end of the experiment.
  • Tomohiro Mitani, Tomoyo Kubota, Hitoshi Mizuguchi, Shiro Kushibiki, Koichiro Ueda
    Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho 91 (1) e13481  2020/01 [Refereed]
     
    This study investigated the effect of adaptation to grazing in early spring on herbage intake, ruminal fermentation parameters, blood metabolite concentrations, and body weight change in dairy cows. The experiment was conducted on eight rumen-cannulated non-lactating cows in the early spring period. Four cows were adapted to grazing by stocking for 4 hr for 1 week (ADP group). The other cows were kept in a barn during the period (CON group). Then, both groups of cows were stocked together throughout a day on a 1 ha pasture for 3 weeks (experimental period). In the first week of the experimental period, compared to the CON group, the ADP group had a higher herbage intake, ruminal NH3 -N and total VFA concentration, and blood urea concentration, but the NEFA concentration was lower in the ADP group (p < .01). During the subsequent weeks, there were little differences in ruminal fermentation parameters and blood metabolites. Cows in the ADP group maintained their body weight, but cows in the CON group lost 60 kg of body weight in the first week of the experimental period.
  • Furukawa E, Masaki T, Sakaguchi K, Bo M, Yanagawa Y, Ueda K, Nagano M
    Journal of Ovarian Research 13 (1) 7 - 7 2020/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    BACKGROUND: The timing of the first postpartum ovulation is an important factor affecting the timing of estrous resumption in dairy cows. The first postpartum ovulation is delayed in cows producing large amounts of milk with an intensive negative energy balance. The antral follicle count (AFC) and serum anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations are known to be indicators of the ovarian reserve, which is the number and quality of follicles left in a pair of ovaries and known as an indicator of female fertility. Cows with higher AFC have been proven to show higher pregnancy rate and shorter calving to conception intervals; however, the relationship between the timing of the first postpartum ovulation and ovarian reserve remains unclear. Therefore, this study examined the relationships between postpartum follicular dynamics, the ovarian cycle, nutritional status, and ovarian reserve. METHODS: Transrectal ultrasonography was conducted from calving to 70-120 days in milk (DIM) in 26 cows to monitor AFC, follicular dynamics and the ovarian cycle. Body weight (BW) and milk yield were used as indicators of nutritional status. RESULTS: The first postpartum ovulation was significantly later in cows with low AFC (< 25) than in those with high AFC (≥25), while changes in BW from calving to the nadir and milk production were similar in both groups. The present results also suggested that cows with low AFC and a delayed first postpartum ovulation had a shorter first ovarian cycle after the first postpartum ovulation. The mean DIM of the first postpartum artificial insemination (AI) and days open (days from calving to AI with which pregnancy was achieved) were similar in high and low AFC groups. CONCLUSIONS: The first postpartum ovulation was significantly earlier in cows with high AFC than in those with low AFC. The assumed reason for this result was higher sensitivity to luteinizing hormone and larger androstenedione and estradiol production in follicles in high AFC cows. Therefore, cows with high AFC may be more fertile than those with low AFC while their milk production increase and BW decrease; it means they are in negative energy balance. (340/350 words).
  • Yuko Shingu, Koichiro Ueda, Shingo Tada, Tomohiro Mitani, Seiji Kondo
    Animal Science Journal 88 (8) 1120 - 1127 1344-3941 2017/08 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    In this study, effects of grazing-experienced heifer presence on foraging behavior development at the feeding station (FS) scale for first-grazing season calves were determined. A group of four calves grazing alone (C), and another comprising four calves (Wc) and three grazing-experienced heifers (Wh), were alternately stocked every day for 2 h on the same pasture for 26 days. The foraging time budget for Wc was significantly longer than that for C (P < 0.05) on day 7, and was similar to that for Wh on all days. Bite rate per FS was significantly higher for Wc (15.5 bite/min) than for C (13.2 bite/min) from day 1 to 14 (33.4 vs. 29.0 bite/min, respectively; P < 0.01) and significantly lower than that for Wh on all days. The number of steps taken between adjacent FSs by Wc (4.7) was significantly lower than that for C (7.2) on days 1 and 14 (2.1 vs. 2.9 steps, respectively; P < 0.01) and was similar to Wh on all days. This suggests that grazing-experienced heifers have positive effects on the foraging behavior development of new-season grazing calves through 14 days after the start of stocking.
  • Ryoko Koizumi, Tomohiro Mitani, Koichiro Ueda, Seiji Kondo
    Animal Behaviour and Management 日本家畜管理学会 53 (2) 69 - 78 1880-2133 2017 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Koichiro Ueda, Tomohiro Mitani, Seiji Kondo
    ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 88 (1) 107 - 118 1344-3941 2017/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    The present study aimed to clarify the effect of timing and type of supplementary grain in grazing dairy cows on herbage dry matter intake (HDMI), nitrogen utilization and milk production. Eight lactating cows were allowed to graze from evening to morning during three seasonal periods (spring, summer, autumn). They were randomly allocated to four treatments (timing: pre- (Pre) or post-grazing (Post), for large grain allotments consisting of 75% of daily grain offered; grain type: barley or corn) in 4x4 Latin square designs in each period. In the spring period, HDMI was greater for cows fed corn than those fed barley (P=0.005), whereas cows in the Pre treatment had a similar HDMI, higher (P=0.049) urinary purine derivative concentration and greater (P=0.004) milk yield compared with cows in the Post treatment. In the summer and autumn periods, timing treatments did not affect HDMI, nitrogen utilization or milk production, but cows supplemented with barley had higher urinary purine derivatives concentration (P<0.05) and milk yield (P<0.05) compared with those supplemented with corn. The results indicate that large grain allotments immediately before evening grazing during early grazing seasons increased ruminal microbial protein synthesis and milk production without reducing HDMI regardless of grain type.
  • Koichiro Ueda, Tomohiro Mitani, Seiji Kondo
    ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 87 (10) 1233 - 1243 1344-3941 2016/10 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Two experiments were conducted to elucidate the effect of increased concentrate allotment before evening grazing on herbage intake, nitrogen utilization and rumen fermentation in dairy cows. In experiment 1, nine lactating cows were grazed in the morning and evening sessions (2.5 h each). The cows were allocated to treatments of three concentrate allotment levels before the evening grazing session by altering proportions to daily total offered; 25%, 50% and 75%. Daily herbage dry matter intake quadratically decreased with increasing the concentrate allotment levels (P < 0.05). Nitrogen utilization was similar among treatments. To investigate diurnal changes in rumen fermentation, a second experiment was conducted where six ruminally cannulated non-lactating dairy cows grazed in the morning and evening sessions (3 h each) were subjected to the same treatments as experiment 1. Total volatile fatty acid concentration in the rumen linearly increased with increasing the concentrate allotment levels throughout the pre-evening grazing session to the post-morning grazing session (P < 0.01). The results indicate that dairy cows reduce daily herbage intake but do not alter nitrogen utilization with increasing concentrate allotment before evening grazing.
  • Koichiro Ueda, Tomohiro Mitani, Seiji Kondo
    ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 87 (9) 1148 - 1156 1344-3941 2016/09 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    To clarify the effect of digesta weight in the reticulorumen on diurnal and seasonal fluctuations in herbage intake, six ruminally cannulated, non-lactating dairy cows were grazed on perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture during morning and evening sessions in spring and autumn. The digesta weight of fresh matter, dry matter (DM) and fiber in the reticulorumen at the beginning and the end of each grazing session was lower in spring than in autumn (P<0.01). Although the digesta weight was similar between the sessions at the beginning of grazing, it was greater for the evening than for the morning at the end of grazing (P<0.01). The large particles proportion in the digesta was lower for the morning than the evening (P<0.01), and it was lower in spring than in autumn (P<0.01). The concentrations of volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid were generally higher in spring compared with autumn. The herbage DM intake during the evening was greater compared with the morning in both seasons (P<0.01). However, there was no difference in herbage DM intake between seasons. The results showed that the rumen digesta fill was not the sole factor explaining diurnal and seasonal variation of herbage intake in grazing dairy cows.
  • Koichiro Ueda, Tomohiro Mitani, Seiji Kondo
    ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 87 (9) 1122 - 1129 1344-3941 2016/09 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Two experiments were conducted to clarify the effect of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content in orchardgrass pasture on the diurnal distribution of grazing time. Six ruminally cannulated, non-lactating dairy cows were grazed on either of two pastures with different orchardgrass cultivars containing low WSC (LWSC; cultivar: Hokkai 28') or high WSC (HWSC; cultivar: Harunemidori'). The cows were grazed in morning and evening sessions in experiment 1, whereas the cows were grazed throughout the day in experiment 2. In experiment 1, grazing time of the cows on HWSC was longer than that of the cows on LWSC (P < 0.01). This difference was larger in the morning session than in the evening session (pasture x grazing session: P < 0.05). Effects on herbage intake were similar to those on grazing time. In experiment 2, daily total grazing time was longer for the cows on HWSC than for those on LWSC (P < 0.05). The cows on HWSC spent a longer time grazing than those on LWSC in the morning between 03.00 and 09.00 hours (P < 0.01). The results indicated that prolonged grazing time in the period between dawn and early morning could increase daily herbage intake in cows grazed on pastures of orchardgrass cultivars with high-WSC content.
  • Koichiro Ueda, Tomohiro Mitani, Seiji Kondo
    ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 87 (8) 997 - 1004 1344-3941 2016/08 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    This study aimed to clarify diurnal fluctuations of herbage intake, ruminal fermentation of herbage carbohydrates and proteins, and digesta particulate weight in the rumen of grazing dairy cows. Six ruminally cannulated, non-lactating dairy cows were grazed on perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture either in the morning (04.00 to 08.00 hours) or the evening (16.00 to 20.00 hours). Cows grazed in the evening spent more time (P<0.01) and consumed more herbage (P<0.01) compared with cows grazed in the morning. Higher (P<0.05) daily mean concentrations of total volatile fatty acid, propionate and n-butyrate in rumen fluid were observed for cows grazed in the evening compared with cows grazed in the morning. Although cows grazed in the evening ingested more crude protein compared with cows grazed in the morning, no significant difference in NH3-N concentration in rumen fluid was observed between them. The ratio of purine-derivative concentration to creatinine concentrations was higher (P<0.01) in the urine of cows grazed in the evening than in cows grazed in the morning. These results clearly indicated that evening grazing was advantageous for dairy cows compared with morning grazing, in terms of ruminal fermentable energy intake and nitrogen utilization efficiency.
  • Tomohiro Mitani, Kuniyuki Kobayashi, Koichiro Ueda, Seiji Kondo
    ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 87 (2) 233 - 241 1344-3941 2016/02 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Milk produced by the grazing system, referred to as grazing milk contains many components required for human health. The milk fatty acid (FA) profile is strongly associated with the diet on the farms. In the present study, based on the FA profile of farmer's bulk milk, we determined how to discriminate between milk produced on grazing and on a confinement system. A field survey was conducted four times (grazing and confinement season) in the Konsen (29 farms) and Okhotsk (25 farms) area in Hokkaido. Farmer's bulk milk samples and details of feeding management were collected and the FA profile of milk was measured. Milk produced during the grazing season contained less C16:0 and cis-9 C16:0, and more C18:0, cis-9 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, cis-9,12 C18:2, cis-9,trans-11 C18:2 and cis-9,12,15 C18:3 than milk produced during the confinement season. Discrimination analysis using 16 FA revealed that almost all milk samples were discriminated correctly (confinement season: 90% correct and 10% borderline, grazing season: 88% correct, 9% borderline and 3% incorrect). For farmers that were categorized incorrectly and were considered borderline in the grazing season, the dependency on pasture was low compared with that for farmers correctly discriminated. Therefore, to claim grazing milk, a high dependency on pasture is required for grazing dairy farmers.
  • Regional difference of feeding management and milk composition in Hokkaido, Japan
    Tomohiro Mitani, Kuniyuki Kobayashi, Tetsushiro Endo, Koichiro Ueda, Seiji Kondo
    Proceedings of the 6th Korea-China-Japan Grassland Conference 86 - 89 2016 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • Ibrahim F. Rehan, Koichiro Ueda, Tomohiro Mitani, Maho Amano, Hiroshi Hinou, Tetsu Ohashi, Seiji Kondo, Shin-Ichiro Nishimura
    JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 63 (48) 10578 - 10590 0021-8561 2015/12 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Because various stresses strongly influence the food productivity of livestock, biomarkers to indicate unmeasurable environmental stress in domestic animals are of increasing importance. Thermal comfort is one of the basic principles of dairy cow welfare that enhances productivity. To discover sensitive biomarkers that monitor such environmental stresses in dairy cows, we herein performed, for the first time, large-scale glycomics on 336 lactating Holstein cow serum samples over 9 months between February and October. Glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOF/MS and DMB/HPLC allowed for comprehensive glycomics of whole serum glycoproteins. The results obtained revealed seasonal alterations in serum N-glycan levels and their structural characteristics, such as an increase in high-mannose type N-glycans in spring, the occurrence of di/triantennary complex type N-glycans terminating with two or three Neu5Gc residues in summer and autumn, and N-glycans in winter dominantly displaying Neu5Ac. A multivariate analysis revealed a correlation between the serum expression levels of these season-specific glycoforms and productivity.
  • Kyaw San Win, Koichiro Ueda, Seiji Kondo
    ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 86 (9) 833 - 841 1344-3941 2015/09 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of six levels of orchardgrass hay (GH) proportion (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50% of dry matter) in finely chopped corn silage (CS)-based diets on digesta kinetics of CS and GH in the rumen. Six non-lactating, rumen-cannulated Holstein cows were used in a 6x6 Latin square design. Ruminal digesta kinetics was measured by ruminal dosing of feed particle markers (dysprosium for CS, erbium for GH) followed by fecal sampling. The increase of GH proportion had a quadratic effect (P<0.01) on total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber. The proportion of GH did not affect the particle size distribution of rumen digesta, total weight of dry matter or NDF in the rumen. The rates of large particle size reduction in the rumen for CS tended to increase linearly with increasing GH proportion (P=0.077). A quadratic effect (P<0.05) was found with increasing the GH proportion for the ruminal passage rate of small GH particles, but not for CS particles. The results suggested that associative effects between CS and GH could be generated on rumen digesta kinetics when cows were fed a CS-based diet with an increased proportion of GH.
  • Effect of substitution of highly-digestible fiber of beet pulp for corn grain starch in concentrate on energy balance and recovery of ovarian function in early lactating dairy cows
    Bo M, Masaki, T, Nagano, M, Yanagawa, Y, Mitani, T, Ueda, K, Kondo, S
    Hokkaido Journal of Livestock and Grassland Science 3 45 - 53 2015 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • TADA Shingo, UEDA Koichiro, NAKATSUJI Hiroki, KONDO Seiji
    Animal Behaviour and Management 日本家畜管理学会 50 (2) 61 - 68 1880-2133 2014/06 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Under rotational grazing by dairy cows, effect of stocking rate on soil animal, soil microorganism, inorganic nitrogen contents in soil, herbage production and nitrogen intake were evaluated using five perennial ryegrassdominant pastures. Each pasture was grazed at once every fifteen days from early July to early October. The stocking rate of each pasture was 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50cow-hr/ha/day, respectively. In stocking rate 10-40 cow-hr/ha/day, the number of soil animals and herbage regrowth tended to increase with increasing the stocking rate, and consequently, herbage production and nitrogen intake increased, although soil microorganisms and inorganic nitrogen contents in soil had little differences. However, in stocking rate 50cow-hr/ha/day, herbage production and nitrogen intake were lower than in stocking rate 40cow-hr/ha/day, because herbage regrowth was lower than stocking rate 40 cow-hr/ha/day, and the number of soil animals and inorganic nitrogen contents in soil were the lowest in all stocking rate-treatment.
  • M. Miyaji, K. Ueda, H. Hata, S. Kondo
    JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 92 (4) 1574 - 1581 0021-8812 2014/04 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Eight Thoroughbred horses were used to examine the effects of grass hay intake on the fiber digestion and the retention time of digesta in the total gastrointestinal tract and the hindgut segments. The horses were randomly assigned to 2 groups and offered 2.0 (high intake [HI]) or 1.3 kg DM/(100 kg BW.d; low intake [LI]) of timothy hay in equal amounts every 3 h for 17 d. The digestibility and total tract mean retention time of digesta (tMRT) in the total gastrointestinal tract were measured from d 11 to d 15. To measure the mean retention time of digesta in each hindgut segment (sMRT), the horses were euthanized on d 17, after being fed a series of hay markers that were labeled with different rare earth elements. The digesta were collected from the ileum, cecum, right ventral colon (RVC), left ventral colon (LVC), left dorsal colon, right dorsal colon (RDC), and small colon (SC) to measure fiber digestibility, sMRT, VFA concentration, and fibrolytic activities. The digestibility of NDF and ADF in the total gastrointestinal tract was lower (P < 0.01) for HI than for LI. The cumulative disappearance of NDF and ADF from the ileum to the LVC attained 90% of total tract digestion regardless of hay intake. Values did not differ according to treatments in the ileum and the cecum but were lower (P < 0.01) for HI than for LI in the postcecal segments. This was caused by the smaller increase in the cumulative NDF and ADF disappearance from the cecum to the RVC for HI than for LI. The solid phase tMRT was shorter (P = 0.04) for HI than for LI. Although sMRT in the RDC and SC were shorter (P = 0.04 and P < 0.01, respectively) for HI than for LI, no differences were observed in the other hindgut segments. There was no difference between treatments in the total VFA concentration, VFA proportions, or the specific activity of carboxymethyl cellulase and xylanase in each hindgut segment. The fibrolytic activity for the cecum and RVC were greatest and decreased beyond the LVC. A clear relation between mean retention time and fiber digestion was observed in the total gastrointestinal tract, but the segments where a difference in sMRT was detected because of the intake were not the same as those with the fiber digestibility depression. Although the reduction in total tract fiber digestibility with increased feed intake was clearly shown to occur between the cecum and RVC, which were the main segments for fiber digestion, it could be explained neither by the sMRT nor by the fibrolytic activity in these segments.
  • 内山 知, 上田宏一郎, 秦 寛, 近藤 誠司
    北海道畜産学会報 北海道畜産草地学会 2 93 - 97 2187-5391 2014 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Mitani, T, Ueda, K, Endo, T, Takahashi, M, Nakatsuji, H, Kondo, S
    Hokkaido Journal of Livestock and Grassland Science 2 51 - 62 2187-5391 2014 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Shingo Tada, Makoto Takahashi, Koichiro Ueda, Hiroki Nakatsuji, Seiji Kondo
    Behavioural Processes 92 107 - 112 0376-6357 2013/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Fractal analysis was applied to grazing paths in non-patchy environments to clarify the behavioral information available from the analysis and to evaluate the effect of social factors on grazing paths. The grazing paths of Holstein Friesian cows in groups of 4 (GROUP-4) and 10 cows (GROUP-10) on a spatially homogeneous pasture were observed. Application of fractal analysis could quantify three aspects of grazing paths of cows: (1) hierarchical scales, (2) structure and (3) sinuosity by scale. In this study, regardless of the group size, the hierarchical scale of grazing paths was approximately 10. m. The paths showed different patterns below and above the 10. m scale. For both group sizes, fractal dimension (an index of sinuosity) below the 10. m scale was smaller than fractal dimension above 10. m scale suggesting that the paths below the 10. m scale were straighter than that above the 10. m scale. The fractal dimensions below and above the 10. m scale were significantly larger for GROUP-4 than for GROUP-10 (P< 0.05). Sinuosity of paths of GROUP-4 was higher than that of GROUP-10 over the entire scale. From these three aspects, fractal analysis can clarify the factors related to grazing paths of herbivores. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
  • Aye Sandar Cho, Koichiro Ueda, Seiji Kondo
    Animal Science Journal 83 (9) 650 - 655 1344-3941 2012/09 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    In vitro gas production (GP) method was used to investigate associative effects on ruminal digestion when grains (corn or barley) were supplemented to spring pasture and autumn pasture. Pasture (75%) was incubated with 25% corn or barley and gas production was monitored up to 96h. After incubation, the residues were used to determine dry matter and organic matter digestibility (DMD and OMD). Gas production parameters were analyzed by applying a single exponential equation. Organic matter effective degradability (OMED) was determined from GP parameters and OMD. The positive associative effects on the rate of GP, DMD, OMD and OMED were observed when spring pasture was incubated with corn. However, similar effects were not observed in a barley mixture. However, for autumn pasture, both corn and barley mixtures showed positive associative effects on rate of GP, OMD and OMED. The results of this study indicated that supplementation of corn would be better than barley for spring pasture with high water-soluble carbohydrate contents, whereas both grain supplementations were effective to obtain positive associative effects on the rate of GP and OMED for autumn pasture with high cell wall content. © 2012 The Authors. Animal Science Journal © 2012 Japanese Society of Animal Science.
  • Evaluation of associative effects on ruminal digestion kinetics between rice straw and protein supplements
    Cho, A, Ueda, K, Kondo, S
    北海道畜産学会報 54 47 - 52 2012 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Tin Ngwe, Yoko Nukui, Shinya Oyaizu, Genki Takamoto, Satoshi Koike, Koichiro Ueda, Hiroki Nakatsuji, Seiji Kondo, Yasuo Kobayashi
    ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 83 (1) 43 - 49 1344-3941 2012 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    This study evaluated the suitability of easily digested fiber sources as a supplemental fiber to improve overall fiber digestion in ruminants. First, the degradation of five fibrous feedstuffs and the stimulatory effects on rumen bacteria were examined in situ. Chickpea and lablab bean husks were selected for their potential use due to their large degradable fraction (> 94%), which had a stimulatory effect on fibrolytic rumen bacteria such as Fibrobacter succinogenes. Second, a possible improvement in the digestibility of rice straw diet by husk supplementation was monitored in vivo. Four dietary treatments comprising RS (rice straw and concentrate), CHM (RS supplemented with Myanmar chickpea husk), CHE (RS with Egyptian chickpea husk) and LH (RS with lablab bean husk) were allocated to four wethers. The digestibility of acid detergent fiber was 3.15.5% greater in CHM and LH than RS. Total volatile fatty acid concentration was higher in LH than other treatments. Acetate proportion was higher in LH than RS. Ruminal abundance of F. succinogenes was 1.31.5 times greater in CHM and LH than RS. These results suggest that bean husk supplementation, especially lablab bean husk, might improve the nutritive value of rice straw diet by stimulating fibrolytic bacteria.
  • Tomohiro Mitani, Koichiro Ueda, Tetsushiro Endo, Makoto Takahashi, Hiroki Nakatsuji, Seiji Kondo
    ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 83 (2) 121 - 127 1344-3941 2012 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Ten lactating cows were used to determine the effect of feeding non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) supplement before grazing on feed intake and nitrogen (N) utilization throughout a grazing season. The experiment was conducted from June to September. Cows grazed twice a day (2.5 h x 2) under a set stocking system and were fed NFC supplement (1 kg/4 kg of milk yield) 2 h before grazing (PRE) or immediately after grazing (POST). Cows were also fed a grass and corn silage mixture ad libitum. Herbage dry matter intake (DMI) was greater for PRE than for POST throughout the experiment and decreased from June to September. Conversely, silage DMI was less for PRE than for POST throughout the experiment and increased over the grazing season. Consequently, total DMI for PRE did not differ from that for POST. Milk urea-N concentration and urinary urea-N excretion in June did not differ between the treatments, whereas that after July was higher for PRE than for POST. Proportion of urinary N excretion to absorbed N intake in June was lower for PRE than for POST, but that after July was higher for PRE than for POST. Feeding NFC supplement before grazing would improve N utilization when cows eat large amounts of herbage high in N.
  • M. Miyaji, K. Ueda, H. Hata, S. Kondo
    ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 165 (1-2) 61 - 67 0377-8401 2011/04 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of hay quality and form on mean retention time (MRT) of digesta and total tract apparent digestibility (TTAD) in horses fed under ad libitum or restricted conditions using four Hokkaido native horses. Two experiments (Exp.) were conducted using 4 x 4 Latin square designs with treatments arranged factorially with hay quality [high quality timothy hay harvested at late vegetative-stage (HH) or low quality timothy hay harvested at late bloom-stage (LH)] and physical form [chopped to a theoretical 10-mm length (G10H) or ground through a 5-mm sieve (G5H)] as main effects. In Exp. 1, horses were offered the experimental diets ad libitum whereas in Exp. 2 horses were offered a restricted allowance of 1.6 kg dry matter (DM) per 100 kg of BW per day. Under ad libitum conditions, hay quality, physical form and their interactions did not affect feed intake. In both Exp., solid phase digesta MRT in total tract and in the first compartment which having the longest MRT were longer (Exp. 1: P=0.08 and P=0.02, Exp. 2: P=0.04 and P=0.04, respectively) for G5H than for G10H, but hay form did not affect MRT in the second compartment which having the second longest MRT. Hay quality did not affect MRT. The MRT through the gastro-intestinal tract of the solid phase was 23.7 h in Exp. 1 and 27.1 h in Exp. 2. The TTAD of DM was higher (P < 0.01) for HH than for LH in both Exp. In horses fed HH, TTAD of DM was 0.487 in Exp. 1 and 0.561 in Exp. 2, whereas in horses fed LH was 0.355 in Exp. 1 and 0.359 in Exp. 2. Hay form did not affect TTAD of DM. The effects of diet on TTAD of fibre were similar to those observed for DM. The results indicate that MRT lengthen in horses when the proportions of small particle sizes in the diet are high. Feeding chopped hay instead of ground hay did not decrease TTAD of fibre even if total and/or segmental MRT were shortened. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  • 平坦地での昼夜低地放牧における泌乳牛の移動距離の変化
    森 光生, 遠藤哲代, 中辻浩喜, 上田宏一郎, 近藤誠司
    北海道畜産学会報 53 43 - 50 2011 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • 多様な植生をもつ林地に放牧した北海道和種馬のフィーディングステーション内における採食植物選択
    内山 知, 上田宏一郎, 中辻浩喜, 秦 寛, 近藤誠司
    北海道畜産学会報 53 35 - 41 2011 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • 三谷朋弘, 佐藤悠二, 上田宏一郎, 高橋誠, 中辻浩喜, 近藤誠司
    北海道畜産学会報 53 29 - 34 0919-3235 2011 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Endo Tetsushiro, Mitani Tomohiro, Takahashi Makoto, Ueda Koichiro, Nakatsuji Hiroki, Kondo Seiji
    Japanese Journal of Grassland Science 日本草地学会 55 (1) 9 - 14 0447-5933 2009 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Under set stocking (S) and rotational grazing (R) by lactating dairy cows, effects of these grazing systems on sward structure, herbage production and utilization were examined at the same stocking rate. Two paddocks of 0.83 ha of grass-clover mixed pasture were assigned two treatments. Two different groups of each 5 lactating dairy cows were grazed on each pasture. Mean sward height during the grazing period was lower in S than R (P<0.05). Grass leaf mass in S was higher than that of post-grazing in R (P<0.05), whereas daily herbage regrowth did not differ between the treatments. The amount of dead material in S was higher than that of pre-grazing in R (P<0.05), and nutritive value of herbage in S decreased in summer. Daily herbage DM intake per cow in S tended to be higher than R in May and June due to large amount of herbage allowance, and consequently total herbage utilization during the grazing period in S was higher than R (11.2 vs. 7.0t DM/ha). Herbage utilization during the grazing period under set stocking would be no less than that of rotational grazing, although the amount of dead materials increased and nutritive value tended to decrease in set stocking through summer.
  • 反芻胃でのタンパク質と炭水化物の分解同期化を考慮した放牧乳牛に対する併給飼料の給与法
    三谷朋弘, 遠藤哲代, 高橋 誠, 上田宏一郎, 中辻浩喜, 近藤誠司
    栄養生理研究会報 52 1 - 9 2009 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Makoto Miyaji, Koichiro Ueda, Yasuo Kobayashi, Hiroshi Hata, Seiji Kondo
    ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 79 (3) 339 - 346 1344-3941 2008/06 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    We studied in vivo fiber digestibility and fermentation parameters such as volatile fatty acid concentration and in vitro degradation in each segment of hindgut of horses fed timothy hay or silage made from the same sward. Six Thoroughbred horses were fed timothy hay or silage in equal amounts (1.6% of bodyweight per day, bodyweight mean 572 kg) every 3 h per day, then slaughtered. There were no differences between hay and silage in the concentration of the total volatile fatty acids, the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and fiber, and in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) disappearance rate in each segment. The total volatile fatty acid concentration and the apparent digestibility of dry and organic matter and fiber differed (P < 0.01) depending on the digestive segments. Both for hay and silage, the concentration of total volatile fatty acids in the digesta liquid phase largely increased (P < 0.01) from the cecum to the right ventral colon, and kept a constant value from the right ventral colon to the right dorsal colon, and then decreased from the right dorsal colon to the small colon. For dry and organic matter and fiber components, the apparent digestibility changed in the same manner from former to hinder segments of the hindgut. Regardless of diet, dry and organic matter and fiber components showed lower values in the cecum and the right ventral colon and increased (P < 0.01) largely from the right ventral colon to the left dorsal colon, then kept constant values in segments to the rear of left dorsal colon. There were no differences in in vitro NDF disappearance among cecum, ventral colon and dorsal colon.
  • Makoto Miyaji, Koichiro Ueda, Hiroki Nakatsuji, Teruo Tomioka, Yasuo Kobayashi, Hiroshi Hata, Seiji Kondo
    ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 79 (1) 89 - 96 1344-3941 2008/02 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Six Thoroughbred horses were used to determine the mean retention time (MRT) of digesta in the different segments of the hindgut. The horses were fed timothy hay or silage in equal amounts (1.6% bodyweight [BW]/day) every 3 h/day. Hay or silage labeled with the rare earth elements cerium, dysprosium, neodymium, ytterbium, lanthanum, samarium and praseodymium, were fed to the horses 36, 30, 24, 18, 12, 6 and 3 h before slaughter, respectively. Just after slaughter, digesta samples in the different segments were collected and determined for the contents of the rare earth elements. Using these data, a method to calculate the MRT in the different segments was proposed. There were no significant differences between diets in the MRT of each segment. The averaged MRT of hay and silage in the cecum, right ventral colon, left ventral colon, left dorsal colon, right dorsal colon and small colon was 2.9, 3.1, 5.9, 1.0, 4.0, and 4.0 h, respectively. The dry matter weight of the digesta was related to the MRT in the right ventral colon (r = 0.94, P = 0.005), left ventral colon (r = 0.87, P = 0.03), left dorsal colon (r = 0.98, P < 0.001) and right dorsal colon (r = 0.95, P = 0.004), but it was not related to the MRT in the cecum and small colon.
  • Akihiro Matsuura, Emiko Ohta, Koichiro Ueda, Hiroki Nakatsuji, Seiji Kondo
    Journal of Equine Science 19 (1) 9 - 18 1340-3516 2008 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    To obtain basic knowledge about selecting horses for therapeutic riding, the influence of equine conformation on rider oscillation and relationships between these factors and the evaluation on horses as the therapeutic riding were studied. Thirty-five riding horses were used. Equine conformation was estimated by 24 indices. Rider oscillation was measured by an accelerometer fixed at the rider's waist. The spatial position of the oscillation was estimated by a double integration of the acceleration. Horses were evaluated for therapeutic riding by a Riding for the Disabled Association instructor as a rider. Evaluations were on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the highest score for 27 items. Horses were classified into 4 groups: the short and narrow (SN), short and wide (SW), tall and narrow (TN), and tall and wide (TW). The frequencies of rider oscillation both at walk and trot were higher (P< 0.01), and the vertical (P< 0.01) and longitudinal (P< 0.05) amplitudes at trot were smaller, on short horses than on tall horses. The vertical amplitude at walk was smaller (P< 0.05) and the lateral amplitude at trot was larger (P< 0.01) on wide horses than on narrow horses. Short horses could be used for the rider who requires side walkers. Wide horses could be used for relieving muscular tension and for the rider who could not maintain good balance on the horse. Short and wide horses should be suitable for therapeutic riding.
  • IZUMI Kenichi, SUZUKI Tomoyuki, UEDA Yasuko, UEDA Koichiro, OKUBO Masahiko
    Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho 公益社団法人 日本畜産学会 78 (4) 427 - 433 1346-907X 2007/11/25 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    The relationship between rumen fill and eating and rumination activity was evaluated using four rumencannulated sheep offered alfalfa hay (ALF) or grass hay (GR) twice a day. Ruminal digesta samplings were obtained before feeding (0 h), immediately after the first meal (FM), and at 4 and 8 h after feeding. The particle size distribution of rumen digesta was determined (LP : >5.60 mm ; MP : 5.60-1.18 mm ; SP : 1.18-0.30 mm ; FP : 0.30-0.047 mm ; and SOL : <0.047 mm). Although dry matter (DM) intake of the first meal was not different between ALF and GR, total DM intake for ALF was significantly higher than that for GR (P<0.05). Total eating time did not differ between the diets ; however, the number of meals for ALF was significantly greater than that for GR (P<0.05). Total rumination time and the duration of the rumination period for GR were significantly longer than for ALF (P<0.05). Therefore, the length of rumination time per kg of DM intake for ALF was significantly shorter than that for GR (P<0.05). The amount of ruminal DM contents at FM was quite similar in the two diets. The percentage of LP sharply increased at FM in GR. The change of the pool size of large particles consisting of LP and MP after feeding was similar in both diets. It was concluded that the amount of digesta in rumen signaled the end of first meal.
  • Nakatsuji, H, Nishimichi, Y, Yayota, M, Takahashi, M, Ueda, K, Kondo, S, Okubo, M
    Grassland Science 52 175 - 180 2006 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Tomohiro Mitani, Makoto Takahashi, Koichiro Ueda, Hiroki Nakatsuji, Seiji Kondo
    Animal Science Journal 76 (5) 453 - 460 1344-3941 2005/10 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Four Holstein cows were used to determine the effect of timing of the feeding of a corn silage (CS)-based supplement on the feed intake, milk production and nitrogen utilization of grazing dairy cows. The cows were fed the supplement 2 h before grazing (pre-grazing) or immediately after grazing (post-grazing). Cows were grazed for 5 h per day under a rotational grazing system. There was no difference in the herbage and total feed intake between treatments. The milk protein yield for pre-grazing tended to be higher than that for post-grazing, whereas the milk yield did not differ between treatments. The total nitrogen intake for pre-grazing tended to be higher than that for post-grazing (P = 0.06). There was no difference in the urinary nitrogen output between treatments, whereas the proportion of urinary nitrogen output : total nitrogen intake for pre-grazing tended to be lower than that for post-grazing (P = 0.06). The milk nitrogen output and nitrogen retention for pre-grazing tended to be higher than that for post-grazing (milk nitrogen, P = 0.06 nitrogen retention, P = 0.05). Nitrogen utilization of grazing dairy cows was improved by feeding a CS-based supplement before grazing.
  • Tomohiro Mitani, Makoto Takahashi, Koichiro Ueda, Hiroki Nakatsuji, Seiji Kondo, Masahiko Okubo
    Animal Science Journal 76 (4) 331 - 337 1344-3941 2005/08 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    The effects of supplementary corn silage (CS) of either 2 or 4 kg of dry matter (DM S + 2 and S + 4, respectively) above the energy requirement for milk production and maintenance for grazing dairy cows (S) were determined. Time-restricted grazing was used to compare the feed intake, milk production, and nitrogen and energy use of lactating cows. The experiment was carried out on two different pastures using a 3 × 3 Latin square design for each pasture. Cows were grazed for 5 h on a rotational grazing system and were fed concentrate (1 kg per 5 kg of milk yield). Herbage intake was measured using a weighing technique. To calculate the energy and nitrogen use, whole feces and urine were collected. There was no statistical effect of the pastures. Herbage intake decreased by the addition of CS (P= 0.02). The reduction of herbage DM intake per unit consumption of supplementary CS towards the S group were 0.80 and 0.45 kg for the S + 2 and S + 4 groups, respectively. The total DM intake for the S + 4 group was higher than that for the S and S + 2 groups (P = 0.02). Milk yield did not differ among treatments, even though the total DM intake for the S + 4 group was higher than that of the S and S + 2 groups. Nitrogen and energy use did not differ with the addition of CS.
  • 高橋誠, 上田宏一郎, 中辻浩喜, 近藤誠司
    日本草地学会誌 日本草地学会 51 (2) 157 - 162 0447-5933 2005/07 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Under rotational grazing by dairy cows, effect of stocking rate on soil animal, soil microorganism, inorganic nitrogen contents in soil, herbage production and nitrogen intake were evaluated using five perennial ryegrassdominant pastures. Each pasture was grazed at once every fifteen days from early July to early October. The stocking rate of each pasture was 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50cow-hr/ha/day, respectively. In stocking rate 10-40 cow-hr/ha/day, the number of soil animals and herbage regrowth tended to increase with increasing the stocking rate, and consequently, herbage production and nitrogen intake increased, although soil microorganisms and inorganic nitrogen contents in soil had little differences. However, in stocking rate 50cow-hr/ha/day, herbage production and nitrogen intake were lower than in stocking rate 40cow-hr/ha/day, because herbage regrowth was lower than stocking rate 40 cow-hr/ha/day, and the number of soil animals and inorganic nitrogen contents in soil were the lowest in all stocking rate-treatment.
  • JJ Loor, K Ueda, A Ferlay, Y Chilliard, M Doreau
    ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 119 (3-4) 203 - 225 0377-8401 2005/04 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Ruminal hydrogenation and duodenal flow of fatty acids were evaluated in three lactating Holstein cows fed a diet with a high concentrate: forage ratio (65:35) plus 5.0g/100g dry matter sunflower oil (SO), 5.0g/100g linseed oil (LO), or 2.5g/100g fish oil (FO). A 3 x 3 Latin square with 4-week periods was used. Grass hay was the forage. Biohydrogenation of 18:2n-6 was greater with SO (92%) than LO (0.85), and was lowest with FO (0.75). Cows fed LO had greater 18:3n-3 hydrogenation (0.95) compared with FO or SO (84%). Biohydrogenation of 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) with FO averaged 0.92 and 0.89. Flow of total conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) was greater in cows fed SO (8.3 g/d) compared with FO (4.0 g/d). Feeding LO resulted in flow of 6.9 g total CLA/d. Percentage of cis9trans11-CLA in duodenal lipids was 0.22 g/100 g total fatty acids with SO but only 0.06 or 0.13g/100 g with FO or LO. trans10,cis12-CLA percentage was greater with SO (0.19 g/100g) than FO or LO (0.04g/100 g). Flow of total non-conjugated 18:2 isomers averaged 99.4 g/d with LO and 60.3 g/d with FO or SO. Percentage of trans11,cis15-18:2, derived from 18:3n-3 hydrogenation, ranked by treatment was LO (4.70g/100g) > FO (2.70g/100g)> SO (0.86g/100g). Total trans-18:1 flow did not differ due to diets (254 g/d). trans10-18:1 percentage was greater in cows fed FO or SO (12.2 g/100g) than LO (3.1 g/100 g). trans 11-18:1 percentage averaged 10.8g/100 g across diets. Flow of 18:0 was 3.8-fold greater in cows fed SO or LO (373 g/d) than FO (96 g/d). Apparent intestinal digestibility (proportion of duodenal flow) of trans9- through trans12-18:1 was greater with FO (range 0.94-0.96) than SO (0.91-0.93), and intermediate with LO (0.92-0.95). Digestibility of cis9,trans11-CLA was greater in cows fed SO (0.85) compared with FO (0.63) or LO (0.79). trans10,cis12-CLA digestibility was greater with FO or SO (0.97) than LO (0.86). Dietary EPA and DHA from fish oil (at only 0.16 of total fatty acid intake) inhibited the reduction of trans-18:1 to 18:0 during hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in the basal diet and led to marked accumulation of trans10-18:1. Intake of 18:2n-6 with FO was not associated with greater flow of trans10-18:1. The effect of FO on biohydrogenation may have been associated with a combination of factors such as greater numbers of ruminal protozoa and(or) increased isomerization of trans11-18:1 to trans10-18:1 in the rumen. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Effect of pre-grazing feeding of a non-fibrous carbohydrate on feed intake, milk production and nitrogen utilization
    Tomohiro Mitani, Junki Honma, Tetsushiro Endo, Koichiro Ueda, Hiroki Nakatsuji, Seiji Kondo
    Tomohiro Mitani, Junki Honma, Tetsushiro Endo, Koichiro Ueda, Hiroki Nakatsuji, Seiji Kondo 31 - 37 2005 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  • TAKAHASHI M., MISAKI T., UEDA K., NAKATUJI H., SHUKUNOBE T., KONDO S.
    Japanese Journal of Livestock Management 日本家畜管理学会 40 (4) 155 - 160 1342-1131 2005 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    To evaluate for an effect of grazing on a health in dairy cattle, the veterinary records from Agricultural Cooperation were analyzed with milk production records and feeding styles with or without grazing for each dairy farms at northern area in Hokkaido, Japan. The veterinary records and milk production performance for each farm were from Research Center of Agriculture and Science in this area. Number of cattle kept, area of grassland, grazing or zero-grazing were surveyed by a postal questionnaire method for all dairy farms, about 100, in this area. Forty-six questionnaires had been obtained. In these farms, means of milk yield, number of milking cows, area of grazing pastures and number of medical treatments by veterinarians were 8,127.2 kg/305d, 71.7 cows, 8.6 ha and 1.2 time/year, respectively. The number of medical treatments by veterinarians/cow/year were positively related to the milk yield /cow/305d. (P<0.05) and negatively related to the area of grassland/farm (P<0.05). From this 46,32 farms were picked up for further analysis. Grazing were used in 24 farms, in which 7 farms were of all-day-grazing except milking time (group G), 17 were grazed their cattle during day time (group TG). Remained 9 had kept their animals in their cow-shed for a whole day (group B). There was no statistical difference of milk yield/cow among groups. The number of medical treatments (/cow/year) for milk organs by veterinarians was a little high in the group G and treatment frequencies for a foot and hoof were relatively low in groups G and B, though those differences among groups were not significant. Frequency of veterinary treatments (/cow/year) for conception, calving and reproductive organs was lower in group G (0.22) than groups TG (0.41) and B (0.42) significantly (P<0.05).
  • High-concentrate diets and polyunsaturated oils alter trans and conjugated isomers in bovine rumen, blood, and milk
    Loor, J. J, Ferlay, A, Ollier, A, Ueda, K, Doreau, M, Chilliard, Y
    Journal of Dairy Science 33 3986 - 3999 2005 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • JJ Loor, K Ueda, A Ferlay, Y Chilliard, M Doreau
    JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE 87 (8) 2468 - 2471 0022-0302 2004/08 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Trans-18: 1 and 18: 2 isomer composition in ruminal fluid during the daily feeding cycle was examined in 3 cows fed a high concentrate diet (35: 65) with 5% (DM basis) sunflower oil (SO), 5% linseed oil (LO), or 2.5% fish oil (FO) in a 3 x 3 Latin square with 3 4-wk periods. Grass hay and concentrate mixtures were fed at 0900, 1300, and 1700 h daily. Ruminal fluid was collected at 0900, 1100, 1300, 1500, 1700, 2000, and 0000 h. Feeding SO resulted in the greatest mean concentrations (% of total fatty acids) of trans10, cis12-18: 2 and cis9, trans11-18: 2. In particular, trans10, cis12- 18: 2 with SO was greater at 1500 (0.29%), 2000 (0.34%), and 0000 h (0.25%) relative to 0900 h (0.07%). Cis9, trans11-18: 2 concentration increased from 0.47% at 0900 h to a peak of 2.06% at 1100 h; it remained greater than the percentage determined at 0900 h at 1300 (1.4%) through 0000 h (1.1%). Concentration of trans11, cis15-18: 2 was greatest with LO, ranging from 3.3% ( 0900 h) to a peak of 11.4% at 2000 h. Mean trans10-18: 1 concentration ranked by diet was SO > FO > LO. Peak trans10-18: 1 with SO was observed at 1700 h (14.9%) compared with 0900 h (5.1%). Trans11-18: 1 did not differ with diet or time. Stearic acid decreased over time with all diets reaching minimum concentrations at 1700 to 2000 h relative to 0900 h. Feeding FO, however, decreased mean 18: 0 concentration 4-fold compared with LO or SO. The moderate effect on concentration of trans-18: 1 coupled with accumulation of 18: 2 intermediates and the decrease of 18: 0 over time suggest that oils reduced the biohydrogenation of 18: 2 isomers to trans-18: 1.
  • JJ Loor, K Ueda, A Ferlay, Y Chilliard, M Doreau
    JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE 87 (8) 2472 - 2485 0022-0302 2004/08 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Duodenal flows of hydrogenation intermediates in response to changes in dietary forage: concentrate ratio ( F: C) and linseed oil were evaluated using 4 lactating Holstein cows fed a low ( 65: 35 forage to concentrate) or high ( 35: 65) concentrate diet without (LC, HC) added oil or with linseed oil (LCO, HCO) at 3% of DM. A 4 x 4 Latin square design was implemented for 5 wk. Lower hydrogenation of 18: 2n-6 and 18: 3n-3 was observed with HC, but it increased with LCO or HCO. Duodenal flow of total conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) increased by 1.40 (LCO) to 3.01 (HCO) g/d with linseed oil. This response was associated with greater flows of cis9, trans11- (+ 0.21 to + 0.55 g/d), trans11, cis13- (+ 0.33 to + 0.36), trans11, trans13- (+ 1.01 to + 1.15 g/d), and trans, trans-CLA (+ 0.12 to + 0.72 g/d). Trans10, cis12-CLA flow averaged 0.08 g/d and was not affected by F: C or oil. trans11, cis15-18: 2 flow increased by 8.5 ( LCO) to 62 (HCO) g/d in response to linseed oil. Total trans-18: 1 flow was 37 g/d in cows fed LC and increased to 81 g/d with HC. Feeding oil increased total trans-18: 1 to the greatest extent with HCO. Flow of trans10-18: 1 was lower with LC than with HC (1.46 vs. 20 g/d). Linseed oil increased trans11- 18: 1 flow by 40 ( LCO) to 113 g/d ( HCO). Feeding LCO and HCO also increased flows of trans6+7+8-, trans13+14-, trans15-, and trans16-18: 1. Apparent intestinal digestibility of trans-18: 1 isomers was largely unaffected by concentrate level and ranged between 67 and 95%. Linseed oil increased digestibility of nearly all isomers by 3 to 16 percentage units. Digestibility of cis9, trans11- CLA was greater in cows fed HC (55%) compared with cows fed LC (32%) and was not affected by linseed oil. Data suggest that high concentrate diets enhanced ruminal outflow of trans10- 18:1. We provide initial in vivo evidence that supplemental 18: 3n-3 is hydrogenated to trans11, cis15-18: 2, trans11-18: 1, trans13+14-18: 1, trans15-18: 1, trans6+7+8- 18: 1, and trans16-18: 1 primarily.
  • ウマにおける消化管内飼料片の粒度分布と繊維成分含量
    上田宏一郎, 宮地 慎, 小林泰男, 秦 寛, 近藤誠司, 大久保正彦
    北海道畜産学会報 46 79 - 82 2004 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • 宮地慎, 上田宏一郎, 山田文啓, 小林泰男, 秦寛, 中辻浩喜, 近藤誠司
    日本畜産学会報 74 (4) 567 - 572 1346-907X 2004 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • K Ueda, A Ferlay, J Chabrot, JJ Loor, Y Chilliard, M Doreau
    JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE 86 (12) 3999 - 4007 0022-0302 2003/12 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    The effect of linseed oil (LSO) supplementation on total-tract and ruminal nutrient digestibility, N metabolism, and ruminal fluid characteristics was investigated in dairy cows fed diets containing different forage to concentrate ratios ( F: C). The experimental design was a 4 x 4 Latin square with 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Four lactating Holstein cows were fed a forage-rich diet without LSO ( F; F: C = 65: 35, dry matter basis), a forage-rich diet with LSO (FO; F: C = 65: 32, 3% LSO), a concentrate-rich diet without LSO ( C; F: C = 35: 65), or a concentrate-rich diet with LSO ( CO; F: C = 35: 62, 3% LSO). Total-tract digestibility of DM and OM was greater with supplemental LSO. A tendency for greater total-tract digestibility of NDF and ADF also was observed in cows fed LSO. Ruminal digestibility of NDF or ADF decreased when CO was fed compared with C. In contrast, feeding FO increased NDF or ADF digestibility compared with F. Although ruminal starch digestion was nearly complete with all diets, digestibility was greater when cows were fed C or CO compared with F or FO. Bacterial N flow to the duodenum decreased when FO was fed compared with F. In contrast, feeding CO increased bacterial-N flow compared with C. Neither F: C nor LSO supplementation affected ruminal pH or total VFA concentration in ruminal fluid. However, molar proportion of propionate was greater with C or CO compared with F or FO and increased with LSO supplementation regardless of F: C. Molar proportion of n-butyrate decreased with LSO supplementation. Total protozoal numbers in ruminal fluid decreased markedly only when CO was fed. Overall, data show that feeding LSO had no negative effects on total-tract digestion in dairy cows but may decrease ruminal fiber digestibility when fed with high-concentrate diets. The widely spread idea that LSO decreases digestibility, arising from studies with sheep, did not seem to apply to lactating cows fed 3% LSO.
  • J Pan, S Koike, T Suzuki, K Ueda, Y Kobayashi, K Tanaka, M Okubo
    ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 106 (1-4) 69 - 79 0377-8401 2003/04 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Two in situ experiments were completed to study effects of mastication on particle-associated microbial mass and fibrolytic enzyme activity. In experiment 1, orchardgrass hay stems were cut into lengths of 10 cm (L, long), 2 cm (S, short) or ground to pass a I cm screen (G, ground), and offered to an esophageally fistulated steer in order to collect ingesta (LC, long and chewed; SC, short and chewed; GC, ground and chewed). These three forms of chewed ingesta and S (non-chewed short stem) were incubated for 2, 6, 14, 24, 48 or 96 h in the rumen of three wethers fitted with ruminal cannulae to which orchardgrass hay was fed. Chewed stem (LC, SC and GC) had higher fibrolytic enzyme activity from stem-associated microbes, higher rates and extents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) disappearance, and shorter lag times than S (P < 0.05). LC had a higher rate and extent of NDF disappearance than GC and SC (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, tested materials were G (as in experiment 1), GC, reground GC (GCG, ground, chewed and reground; simulated rumination) and G treated with NaOH (G-NaOH). These materials were incubated in the rumen of three wethers for 2, 6 or 24 h. GC incubated in the rumen had higher concentrations of chitin (a fungal marker; P < 0.05) and tended to have higher concentrations of diaminopimelic acid (DAPA, a bacterial marker; P = 0.13), and higher colonization of Fibrobacter succinogenes (P < 0.05) compared with G. GCG had a higher specific surface area, a higher number of F. succinogenes (P < 0.05) and higher activities of fibrolytic enzymes (i.e. total and specific xylanase at 6 and 24 h, P < 0.15), when compared to GC. G-NaOH had the highest NDF disappearance (41.7%, P < 0.05) of the four stem types. Results show that chewing promotes fibrolytic microbial attachment, colonization and subsequent production of enzymes for ruminal fibrolysis by increasing physical damage, reducing particle size and increasing the surface area of the feed particles. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
  • J Pan, T Suzuki, S Koike, K Ueda, Y Kobayashi, K Tanaka, A Okubo
    ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 104 (1-4) 13 - 27 0377-8401 2003/02 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Effects of urea infusion on the endoglucanase (CMCase) and xylanase activities in solid and liquid fractions of rumen contents in steers were investigated. Three steers were fed timothy hay once daily for 46 days that were divided into two periods, control period followed by urea infusion period. In the urea infusion period, urea was continuously infused into the rumen (5.7 g/h) after dissolving in water. Urea infusion increased ruminal ammonia-N from 4.8 to 13.7 mg/dl (P < 0.05). Although solid fraction consistently exhibited much greater activities of CMCase and xylanase than liquid fraction (P < 0.05), response to urea infusion was somewhat different between these two fractions. Activities of fibrolytic enzyme (CMCase and xylanase) in the rumen digesta were increased by urea infusion, and then the extent of the increase was higher for liquid than for solid fractions. Maximum values for liquid-associated xylanase occurred at 12 h after feeding, while those for the solid-associated occurred at 24 h (P < 0.05). Although urea. infusion decreased diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) concentration in solid fraction of the ventral digesta, relative abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes in the ventral digesta. tended to increase when urea was infused. Regardless of urea infusion, activities of fibrolytic enzyme from solid fractions were higher in ventral sac than dorsal sac, while opposite results were obtained in liquid fractions. These results indicate that increased ruminal ammonia-N by urea infusion could enhance fibrolytic enzyme activity of liquid-associated microbes at an early stage after feeding, and those of particle-associated microbes at a later stage, through stimulating growth of cellulolytic microbes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Continuous monitoring of oxygen consumption in sheep head and estimation of energy expenditure from oxygen consumption
    Higuchi, K, Nishida, T, Enishi, O, Purnomoadi, A, Ueda, K, Terada, F
    Bulletin of National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science 4 7 - 13 2003 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • 宮地 慎, 上田宏一郎, 秦 寛, 塙 友之, 近藤誠司, 大久保正彦
    日本畜産学会報 74 213 - 219 2003 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • ASM Selim, J Pan, T Suzuki, K Ueda, Y Kobayashi, K Tanaka
    ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 102 (1-4) 207 - 215 0377-8401 2002/12 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    An experiment was conducted to quantify postprandial changes in particle attaching ruminal bacteria in sheep fed untreated (UTS) and ammoniated (ATS) rice straw. Diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) was used as a marker for the calculation of mass of tightly associated bacteria (TAB). ATS feeding decreased large particle proportion, while increased fine particle proportion. Ammoniation of rice straw had a significant effect on mass of non-associated bacteria (NAB), loosely associated bacteria (LAB) and tightly associated bacteria (TAB) with feed particles, showing the higher values in ATS-fed sheep within 2-5 h after feeding. Significantly increased bacterial densities associated with small and fine particles were also observed, indicating that size of particles is an important factor for the attachment of bacteria. The current study suggests that ammoniation accelerates particle size reduction of rice straw in the rumen, stimulating colonization of bacteria onto the smaller particles and overall degradation of rice straw fragments. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
  • NISHIDA Takehiro, HIGUCHI Koji, UEDA Koichiro, KURIHARA Mitsunori, PURNOMOADI Agung, SHIBATA Masaki, TERADA Fuminori
    Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho 公益社団法人 日本畜産学会 73 (2) 265 - 271 1346-907X 2002 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    The maternal plasma hormone and metabolites concentration, blood flow and net nutrient uptake by gravid uterus with different litter size were observed using 10 Saanen goats under maternal malnutrition. Surgery was done under general anesthesia at 105 days of pregnancy. The ultrasonic flow probe was surgically fitted around the uterine artery. Heparinized catheters were inserted into the uterine vein and carotid artery. Uterine blood flow was measured continuously for 24 h at 1 min interval and blood samples were collected every 3 h at an average of 119.0 (single, n=4), 113.5 (twin, n=4) and 121.5 (triplet, n=2) days of pregnancy. As percentage of requirement (maintenance+pregnancy), metabolizable energy intake was 56.4% (single), 59.4% (twin) and 71.4% (triplet). Retention energy in the triplet pregnant goats were lowest because the heat production was significantly (P<0.01) greater than in the single or twin pregnant goats. Plasma flow rate in the uterine artery, net glucose uptake by the gravid uterus, plasma glucose and urea nitrogen concentrations in the triplet pregnant goats were higher than in the single or twin pregnant goats. There were no clear differences in plasma free fatty acid concentration among each litter size. Molar ratio of plasma insulin and glucagon tended to be lower in the triplet pregnant goats. Our results suggest that the triplet pregnant goats could adapt to the energy deficit by increased secretion of glucagon to maintain glucose supply for fetuses. And furthermore, results showed that the techniques used in the present experiment would contribute to an accurate determination of nutrient uptake by gravid uterine tissues in ruminants.
  • 鈴木知之, 潘 軍, 上田宏一郎, 田中桂一, 大久保正彦
    日本畜産学会報 72 343 - 350 2001 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Ueda, K, Ichinohe, T, Okubo, M, Asahida, Y
    Animal Science Journal Japanese Society of Animal Science 72 (4) 306 - 314 1346-907X 2001 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    This study attempted to develop a method for quantifying dynamics of particulate matter in the rumen of sheep fed on alfalfa hay at hourly intervals. The four compartments model for four size particulate fractions (large particle (LP):>5, 600, medium particle (MP): 5, 600-1, 180, small particle(SP): 1, 180-300, fine particle (FP): 300-47μm) in the rumen that has multiple pathways of size reduction, fermentation and passage was assumed. The respective rate constants were estimated by applying the in situ method and rare earth markers technique to each ruminal particulate fractions. The fermentation rate of each particulate fraction could be estimated from in situ disappearance curves. The rate of disappearance and the rate of size reduction of multiple pathways were able to be estimated by non-linear regression fitting to the theoretical equations from the dynamics model. The extent of fitting of the changes of markers in particulate fractions to the functions was enough to estimate the rate of disappearance and size reduction of ruminal particulate fractions. The rates of size reduction were 1.55 (LP→MP), 1.06 (LP→SP), 1.94 (LP→FF), 1.76 (MP→SP), 0.46 (MP→FP) and O.84%/h (SP→FP). The rates of fermentation were 1.47 (LP), 0.90 (MP), 0.08 (SP) and 1.19%/h (FP). The rates of passage were 1.82 (SP) and 3.94%/h (FP).
  • Pan, J, Suzuki, T, Ueda, K, Tanaka, K, Okubo, M
    Animal Science Journal 72 209 - 217 2001 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Ueda, K, Ichinohe, T, Tamura, T, Okubo, M, Asahida, Y
    Animal Science Journal 72 198 - 208 2001 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • J Pan, T Suzuki, K Ueda, K Tanaka, M Okubo
    ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 13 (12) 1708 - 1716 1011-2367 2000/12 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    A study was made of diurnal changes in the ruminal bacteria associated with feed particles, i.e., non-associated (NAB), loosely associated (LAB), and tightly associated with particles (TAB), and the TAB concentration in different particle sizes from sheep fed orchardgrass (OG) or alfalfa (ALF) hay. Diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) was used to determine the TAB mass. Results showed that the bacterial masses in NAB and LAB were small, but comprised over 90% in TAB. The TAB mass in the ALF group sharply increased within 2 h after feeding and decreased afterward. The TAB mass showed the same trend in the OG group, increasing from 0 h to 2 h, but remained at the same level up to 14 h after feeding. The peak bacterial mass was, however, lower in the OG than the ALF group. The TAB concentration reflected the changes in total particulate tightly associated bacterial masses in both groups of hay fed sheep. Number of bacterial colonies per particle increased as the particulate size decreased in both groups. This difference, however, tended to decline as the postprandial period was prolonged. DAPA, however, tended to overestimate the TAB mass in the reticulo-rumen digesta of the hay fed sheep.
  • SUZUKI Tomoyuki, PAN Jun, IZUMI Kenichi, UEDA Yasuko, UEDA Kouichirou, TANAKA Keiichi, OKUBO Masahiko
    日本畜産學會報 = The Japanese journal of zootechnical science 71 (9) J331 - J337 1346-907X 2000/08/25 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • 反芻胃内飼料片付着微生物量およびin situ NDF消失率に及ぼす飼料片の粒度および給与乾草の影響
    潘 軍, 鈴木知之, 上田宏一郎, 田中桂一, 大久保正彦
    北海道畜産学会報 42 19 - 24 2000 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • AMARI Masahiro, UMEDA Taketoshi, UEDA Koichiro, MASAKI Shigehiko, TERADA Fuminori, ABE Akira
    Japanese Journal of Grassland Science 日本草地学会 46 (3) 254 - 260 0447-5933 2000 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Two experiments were carried out to study the effects of characteristics of feed and animal condition on voluntary intake. The voluntary feed intake was measured as dry matter intake (DMI) with four dairy cows fed rapping roll-bale Silage of four Italian ryegrass (IRGS) ad libitum. The digestibility of dry matter (DM) and organic cell wall (OCW), and the rate of degradation of OCW in the rumen of the IRGS were determined using in vitro method. Mean of DMI per day and DMI per metabolic body weight of four IRGS ranged from 6.3 to 9.4 kg/day, from 54.2 to 79.8 g/kg^<0.75>, respectively. The DMI per day of IRGS in dairy cows was highly correlated with OCW, low digestible fraction of OCW (organic b fraction : Ob), sum of organic cellular contents (OCC) and high digestible fraction of OCW (organic a fraction : Oa) (OCC+Oa), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL). The DMI per day can be predicted from the following equations; DMI =-0.257×OCW +23.69 (r=0.987), DMI=-0.162×Ob+16.34 (r=0.995), DMI= 0.214×(OCC+0a)-0.34 (r= 0.995), DMI =-0.258×NDF+23.35 (r=0.996), DMI =-1.047×ADL+13.96 (r=1.000). In addition, the DMI per day of IRGS in dairy cows was highly corrlated with retention time in the rumen, digestibility of each chemical compositions and the rate of degradation of fiber in the rumen. Similar values were observed in DMI per metabolic body weight. From those results, it was cleared that each factor examined in this study affets on voluntary feed intake.
  • 近赤外分光法による牛乳中の窒素成分の推定
    アグン・プルノモアディ, ケサブクマール・バタジョ, 野中 最子, 樋口 浩二, 上田 宏一郎, 永西 修, 西田 武弘, 栗原 光規, 寺田 文典
    Animal Science Journal 70 (5) 343 - 348 1344-3941 1999/09
  • Purnomoadi, A, Batajoo, K. K, Nonaka, I, Higuchi, K, Ueda, K, Enishi, O, Nishida, T, Kurihara, M, Terada, F
    Animal Science Journal 70 (5) 343 - 348 1346-907X 1999 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • A Purnomoadi, KK Batajoo, K Ueda, F Terada
    INTERNATIONAL DAIRY JOURNAL 9 (7) 447 - 452 0958-6946 1999 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Milk samples from two experiments (n = 506 in total) were analyzed by measurement of near-infrared (NIR) spectra to investigate the effect of feed source on milk fat and protein content. Milk samples from the first experiment (n = 300) were used for development of the calibration equation and validation of the equation. The calibration equations thus developed in the first experiment were then used in the second experiment to examine the applications of NIR measurement. All feeding trials used the same basal rations, which consisted of corn silage, Italian ryegrass, Alfalfa haycube, corn flake and commercial concentrate. The first experiment was comprised of three rations: (1) basal ration, (2) basal ration with soybean meal (48% of total crude protein (CP)) and (3) basal ration with soybean meal (19% of total CP) and fish meal (25% of total CP). The second experiment was comprised of five supplement alternatives: (1) no supplement (NS), (2) corn gluten meal (CGM, 26% of total CP), (3) fish meal (FM, 26% of total CP), (4) defatted soybean meal (SBM, 28% of total CP) and (5) roasted soybean meal (RSBM, 26% of total CP). Feeding regimes in both experiments were adjusted to fulfill the maintenance and production requirements. The results showed that NIR prediction of milk fat content was not influenced by the feed of animals, while the accuracy of protein prediction was significantly affected by the kind of feedstuff used in the ration. Thus, a wide range of milk samples from cows on clearly defined feeding regimes is necessary for developing a satisfactory calibration for NIR systems. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • NAKAI Fuminori, HIRASHIMA Yoshinori, UEDA Koichiro, PURNOMOADI Agung, HIGUCHI Koji, ENISHI Osamu, TERADA Fuminori
    日本畜産学会報 70 (10) 390 - 396 1346-907X 1999 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • 乾草の自由摂取量と反芻胃内飼料片の粒度別動態との関連
    上田 宏一郎
    北海道大学農学部邦文紀要 20 1 - 57 1997 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Ueda, K, Ichinohe, T, Tamura, T, Okubo, M, Asahida, Y
    Animal Science and Technology (Japan) 68 917 - 925 1997 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • 泉 賢一, 岡部靖子, 福間 哲, 上田宏一郎, 大久保正彦
    北海道畜産学会報 38 94 - 97 1996 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • 上田宏一郎, 一戸俊義, 田村 忠, 大久保正彦, 朝日田康司
    日本畜産学会報 66 949 - 956 1995 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Ichinohe, T, Tamura, T, Ueda, K, Okubo, M, Asahida, Y
    Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science 8 267 - 273 1995 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • 上田宏一郎, 一戸俊義, 田村 忠, 大久保正彦, 朝日田康司
    北海道畜産学会報 36 41 - 44 1994 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Ichinohe, T, Tamura, T, Ueda, K, Okubo, M, Asahida, Y
    Animal Science and Technology (Japan) Japanese Society of Animal Science 65 (8) 701 - 708 1346-907X 1994 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    The changes in particle size distribution of ingested boli, rumen digesta and feces were investigated with four rumen cannulated sheep receiving 3 varieties of orchardgrass hay (H1, H2 and H3) once a day. The hay was harvested at three stages of maturity: pre-heading; a 1:1 heading to blooming ratio; and a 1:1 blooming to fruiting ratio for H1, H2, and H3, respectively. The digestion coefficients and voluntary intake for hay decreased with advancing stage of maturity. The sheep were fed 1300g of the unchopped hay for 3h a day and represent-ative samples of total rumen digesta were collected at 3, 7, 11, 15, 19 and 24h after feeding. The particle size distribution of every sample was determined by the wet-sieving technique and expressed as the dry matter proportion of large particles (LP, retained on 5600, 2360 and 1180μm sieves), small particles (SP, passed through a 1180μm sieve and retained on 47μm sieves) and soluble fraction (SOL, passed through a 47μm sieve) to total sample dry matter. The percentage of LP in the ingested boli was higher for H1 than for H2 or H3. The percentage of the boli-particles retained on a 5600μm sieve was prominently higher for H1, as compared to that for the other hay varieties. The percentage of LP in the rumen digesta decreased from 46% at 3h after feeding to 13% at 24h for H1, 39 to 14% for H2 and 34 to 8% for H3, respectively. However, the percentage of ruminal LP at each sampling time tended to be higher for H1 than for H2 and H3, although the difference was not so marked. The percentage of SP increased from 28% at 3h after feeding to 47% at 24h for H1, 35 to 62% for H2 and 47 to 68% for H3, respectively. The percentage of ruminal SP was higher (P<0.05) for H2 and H3 than for H1 at every sampling time. The percentage of SOL in the rumen digesta tended to increase with time after feeding (from 26% at 3h to 41% at 24h) for H1, whereas it showed no change with time and accounted for about 25% of total digesta for H2 and H3. The percentages of LP in feces were very low for the three hay varieties. The percentage of SP in feces for H3 was higher (P<0.05) than for either H1 or H2, and inversely. SOL was lower (P<0.05) for H3 than for the other hay varieties.
  • 一戸俊義, 田村 忠, 上田宏一郎, 大久保正彦, 朝日田康司
    日本綿羊研究会誌 29 45 - 50 1992 [Refereed][Not invited]

MISC

Books etc

  • 獣医衛生学教育研修協議会 (Contributor)
    文永堂出版 2024/03 (ISBN: 9784830032912) xxviii, 467p
  • 新しい子牛の科学
    家畜感染症学会 (Contributor第4章 離乳期の生理と管理 4-1 離乳期における発育と栄養生理的変化)
    緑書房 2021/03
  • 小林泰男 (第3章 栄養（ウシ）)
    朝倉書店 2021/01 (ISBN: 9784254450316) vii, 184p
  • 飼料設計・給餌の基本と実践ー粗飼料生産から牛群マネジメントまで
    上田宏一郎 (第Ⅱ章 飼料設計の実践と応用 7パターン別の飼料設計④～放牧飼養型)
    デーリィマン社 2020/10
  • 動物衛生学
    上田 宏一郎 (Contributor第10章 生産動物の衛生管理 6 特用家畜の衛生管理 5)めん羊と山羊)
    文栄堂出版 2018/04
  • 日本飼養標準・乳牛（2017年版）
    上田 宏一郎 (Joint work飼料中の繊維)
    中央畜産会 2017/11
  • デーリィ・プロフェッショナル vol.4
    上田 宏一郎 (Joint work)
    デーリィ・ジャパン社 2016/02
  • 乳牛栄養学の基礎と応用
    上田 宏一郎 (脂質)
    デーリィ・ジャパン社 2010
  • 子牛の科学
    上田 宏一郎 (第一胃の発達と離乳)
    チクサン出版社 2009
  • 新版 酪農用語解説 第２版
    上田 宏一郎 (Joint work)
    デーリィ・ジャパン社 2008
  • 日本飼養標準・乳牛（2006年版）
    上田 宏一郎 (Joint work飼料中の繊維)
    中央畜産会 2007
  • ルーメン６～ルーメン機能を理解する実践栄養学～
    上田 宏一郎 (Joint work反芻を科学する)
    デーリィ・ジャパン社 2001

Presentations

  • マメ科牧草の草生割合がマメ科採食量に及ぼす影響  [Invited]
    上田宏一郎
    強い馬づくりのための生産育成技術講座2023  2023/11
  • 生涯生産性を高める 哺育・育成からのスマート酪農を目指して  [Invited]
    上田宏一郎
    2020年度大動物臨床研究会第10回東京シンポジウム  2021/02
  • 生涯生産性を高める 哺育・育成からのスマート酪農を目指して  [Invited]
    上田宏一郎
    北海道アグリ・フードフォーラム2021  2021/02
  • 搾乳ロボットを利用した放牧酪農経営における乳牛の草地利用と課題  [Invited]
    上田 宏一郎
    道北地域考える酪農セミナー～道北地域での豊かな暮らしのために～  2018/11
  • 健全な乳牛を育成するための新たな飼養管理技術の開発  [Invited]
    上田 宏一郎
    オランダ経済使節団来日記念セミナー「酪農・馬鈴薯セクターのコスト削減と効率化―日蘭協力の可能性を模索して」  2018/10
  • Timing strategy for concentrate supplementation in grazing dairy cows  [Invited]
    UEDA Koichiro
    The 7th Japan-China-Korea Grassland Conference  2018/07
  • 新しい北海道の酪農～生産寿命を延ばす哺乳・育成の可視化技術の開発を目指して～  [Invited]
    上田 宏一郎
    平成30年度GTBH総会・理事会 記念講演会  2018/06
  • 草からの乳生産量  [Invited]
    上田 宏一郎
    創地農業21第34回グラスファーミングスクール  2017/05
  • 放牧家畜の食草行動  [Invited]
    上田宏一郎
    アフリカの牧畜地域で活用しうるICT関連技術に関する研究集会  2014/03
  • 泌乳牛の放牧における基礎栄養学  [Invited]
    上田宏一郎
    創地農業21第26回グラスファーミングスクール  2013/06
  • 放牧時の栄養管理  [Invited]
    上田宏一郎
    北海道公共牧場会平成22年度春季研修会  2010/04
  • 基本的な放牧時の栄養学  [Invited]
    上田宏一郎
    第3回天北放牧ネットテクニカルセミナー  2008/09

Association Memberships

  • 日本綿羊研究会   栄養生理研究会   JAPANESE SOCIETY OF LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT   北海道畜産草地学会   日本草地学会   日本畜産学会   

Research Projects

  • 群飼育哺育牛の健全な発育と管理省力化を両立させる体調不良個体AI検出システムの開発
    生物系特定産業技術研究支援センター：戦略的スマート農業技術の開発・改良
    Date (from‐to) : 2023/04 -2026/03
  • 放牧地におけるイネ科およびマメ科牧草の草生割合が採食割合ならびに発育に及ぼす影響
    JRA競走馬総合研究所：JRA競走馬総合研究所受託研究
    Date (from‐to) : 2022/04 -2025/03 
    Author : 上田宏一郎
  • 群飼育下の乳用雌哺育牛から体調不良個体を早期発見するリアルタイムモニタリング技術の開発
    国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 生物系特性産業技術センター：イノベーション創出強化研究推進事業
    Date (from‐to) : 2020/05 -2023/03
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 2019/04 -2022/03 
    Author : Nagano Masashi
     
    Oocyte triacylglycerols (TAG) were significantly higher in cows in the early lactation stage than in heifers. Plasma free fatty acids (FFA) were high at 20-30 after days in milk (DIM). Oocyte FFA positively correlated with plasma FFA, but negatively correlated with the mean energy balance and 21 days before oocyte collection. Elevated oocyte FFA in cows in the early ostpartum period under intensive feeding management suggested that oocytes were at a high risk of FFA lipotoxicity. In addition, the effects modulated (5-20%) oxygen environments on the in vitro development of bovine oocyte-cumulus-granulosa cell complexes (OCGCs) cultured in the presence or absence of an antioxidant (astaxanthin: Ax) were evaluated by using gas permeable culture wells. The presence of Ax in the 5-20% O2 condition promoted oocyte nuclear maturation and development of OCGCS.
  • 日本短角種去勢牛の２シーズン放牧肥育における放牧管理改善による肉質向上
    公益財団法人伊藤記念財団：令和３年度公益財団法人伊藤記念財団助成
    Date (from‐to) : 2021/04 -2022/03 
    Author : 上田宏一郎・呉 成真
  • 乳牛預託哺育・育成牧場の飼養管理実態調査事業
    日本中央競馬会：畜産振興事業
    Date (from‐to) : 2019/04 -2022/03 
    Author : 上田 宏一郎
  • 牧草サイレージの高品質化に向けたバイオガスプラント消化液施用量の評価
    公益財団法人伊藤記：令和2年度公益財団法人伊藤記念財団助成
    Date (from‐to) : 2020/04 -2021/03 
    Author : 三谷朋弘, 上田宏一郎
  • ワイン搾汁残渣タンニンを利用したラム肉パストラルフレーバー低減技術の確立
    公益財団法人伊藤記念財団：平成30年度公益財団法人伊藤記念財団助成
    Date (from‐to) : 2018/06 -2020/03 
    Author : 上田 宏一郎
  • 集約放牧酪農経営における搾乳ロボット導入時の技術的課題の明確化
    農畜産業振興機構：平成29年度畜産関係学術研究委託調査
    Date (from‐to) : 2017/06 -2018/03 
    Author : 上田 宏一郎
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 2009 -2011 
    Author : NAKATSUJI Hiroki, KONDO Seiji, UEDA Koichiro, MITANI Tomohiro
     
    We tried to determine the moving locus of grazing cows by high resolution network cameras installed in pasture, which recorded the behavior of cows, the digital images were transmitted to a host personal computer by wireless LAN, and automatic image processing was made. As the result of trial and error, it was suggested to be possible to identify the place of cows grazed, depending on the conditions of cameras installed in pasture. Although the possibility of such a system configuration was recognized, the number of camera, and the improvement in accuracy of picture integrated processing with the host computer was remained as a future subject.
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 2009 -2011 
    Author : TANI Hiroshi, WANG Xiufeng, NAKATUJI Hiroki, ARAKI Hajime, UEDA Koichiro
     
    Various crops such as paddy rice, field crops, forage crops, and pasture grass were observed with the aerial laser scanner (ALS), concurrently with the investigation of the growth of these crops on the ground. The ALS data obtained and the results of the investigation were analyzed to estimate the heights of the crops adn crop canopy structures. From the relationships between the measured heights and the ALS-based mean height values for seven types of crops, it was shown that the measured heights of crops with vertically growing thin leaves, such as paddy rice, were different from those of crops with horizontally growing leaves, such as corn. This is because of the fact that the entry depth of the laser pulse into the communities depends on the grass type of the crops. We were also able to estimate three-dimensional structure of the crop canopy by examining the spatial distribution of the laser pulses to be emitted from aircraft.
  • 放牧牛の採食動作の生体音響解析による牧草採食量および栄養価の推定
    科学技術振興機構：科学研究費補助金 萌芽研究
    Date (from‐to) : 2005/04 -2007/03 
    Author : 上田 宏一郎
  • 乳牛の反芻胃内容物の消失における給与飼料間の相互作用に関する研究
    栗林育英学術財団：研究助成（個人研究）
    Date (from‐to) : 1998/04 -1999/03 
    Author : 上田 宏一郎

Social Contribution

  • 競走馬総合研究所外部評価委員会
    Date (from-to) : 2017/06/01-Today
    Role : Advisor
  • 放牧酪農環境総合スマート管理サービス専門家指導員
    Date (from-to) : 2017/08/21-2018/10/30
    Role : Advisor
    Sponser, Organizer, Publisher  : ファームエイジ
  • 第34回グラスファーミングスクール
    Date (from-to) : 2017/05/16-2017/05/18
    Role : Lecturer
  • 第27回グラスファーミングスクール
    Date (from-to) : 2014/05/27
    Role : Advisor
    Sponser, Organizer, Publisher  : 創地農業21
  • 第26回グラスファーミングスクール
    Date (from-to) : 2013/04/13-2013/04/15
    Role : Lecturer
    Sponser, Organizer, Publisher  : 創地農業21

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