Researcher Profile and Settings

Master

Affiliation (Master)

• Research Faculty of Agriculture　Fundamental AgriScience Research　Agrobiology and Bioresources

Affiliation (Master)

• Research Faculty of Agriculture　Fundamental AgriScience Research　Agrobiology and Bioresources

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Profile and Settings

Affiliation

• Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Agriculture Research Faculty of Agriculture, Division of Bioresources and Product Science, Research Group of Horticultural Scinence And Lndscape Architecture, Professor, Advisor to the president

Degree

• Ph.D.（Hokkaido University）
• Master of Environmental Science（Hokkaido University）

Profile and Settings

• Profile

  Tetsuya Aikoh is an Associate Professor at the Research Faculty of Agriculture of the Hokkaido University. He teaches landscape architecture and planning. His research interests are planning and management of recreational areas and protected areas.

• Name (Japanese)

  Aikoh

• Name (Kana)

  Tetsuya

• Name

  200901094067531496

Alternate Names

http://www.agr.hokudai.ac.jp/hsla/aikoh/

Affiliation

• Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Agriculture Research Faculty of Agriculture, Division of Bioresources and Product Science, Research Group of Horticultural Scinence And Lndscape Architecture, Professor, Advisor to the president

Achievement

Research Interests

• ランドスケープ計画   公園計画   

Research Areas

• Environmental science/Agricultural science / Environmental policy and society
• Environmental science/Agricultural science / Environmental impact assessment
• Environmental science/Agricultural science / Horticulture

Research Experience

• 2024/01 - Today Hokkaido University Research Faculty of Agriculture Professor
• 2008/04 - 2023/12 Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University Associate Professor
• 2018/04 - 2018/09 Yamagata University Faculty of Agriculture
• 1993 - 2006 北海道大学大学院農学研究科 助手
• 1993 - 2006 Research Associate,Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
• 2006 - 北海道大学大学院農学研究院 助手
• 2006 - Research Associate,Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University

Education

•        - 1993  Hokkaido University
•        - 1993  Hokkaido University  Graduate School, Division of Environmental Science
•        - 1992  Hokkaido University
•        - 1992  Hokkaido University  Graduate School, Division of Environmental Science
•        - 1990  Hokkaido University  Faculty of Agriculture
•        - 1990  Hokkaido University  Faculty of Agriculture

Committee Memberships

• 2009 - Today   MMV - The International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas   International steering committee

Awards

• 2014/05 Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture Tsuyoshi Tamura Prize
   自然公園における社会的収容力と適正利用に関する研究 

  受賞者: AIKOH Tetsuya

Published Papers

• Investigating Visitors’ Perceptions and Behaviors in a Crowded Situation at a Large-Scale Exhibition

  Hyerin Kim, Claudio Feliciani, Sakurako Tanida, Xiaolu Jia, Tetsuya Aikoh, Yasushi Shoji, Katsuhiro Nishinari

  Journal of Disaster Research 2024/04/01
• Visitors’ Attitudes Toward the Expansion of Alternative Shuttle Bus System in Shiretoko National Park

  Tetsuya Aikoh, Satoshi Yahiro, Yasushi Shoji, Hyerin Kim

  Journal of Disaster Research 2024/04/01
• Investigating the Congestion Levels on a Mesoscopic Scale During Outdoor Events

  Sakurako Tanida, Claudio Feliciani, Xiaolu Jia, Hyerin Kim, Tetsuya Aikoh, Katsuhiro Nishinari

  Journal of Disaster Research 2024/04/01
• Modeling and Questionnaire Survey for Effective Regulated Egress Based on Level of Discomfort

  Riku Miyagawa, Daichi Yanagisawa, Xiaolu Jia, Yasushi Shoji, Tetsuya Aikoh, Katsuhiro Nishinari

  Journal of Disaster Research 2024/04/01
• Comparing conventional manual measurement of the green view index with modern automatic methods using google street view and semantic segmentation

  Tetsuya Aikoh, Riko Homma, Yoshiki Abe

  URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING 80 1618-8667 2023/02 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Urban greenery has various beneficial effects, such as engendering peace of mind. The green view index (GVI) effectively measures the amount of greenery people can perceive and is a suitable indicator of urban greening. To date, the most common way to measure the GVI has been to photograph the street environment from eye level and use image-editing software to calculate the area occupied by vegetation. However, conventional methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the calculation results may vary among individuals. In recent years, the use of Google Street View (GSV) photos and calculation of the GVI using automatic image segmentation have rapidly developed. In this study, we demonstrate the advantages of GSV and image segmentation over conventional methods, verify their accuracy, and identify the shortcomings of modern methods. We calculated the GVI in the central part of Sapporo, Japan, using the automatic image segmentation AI "DeepLab" and compared the results with those measured by Photoshop. At the exact GSV locations, we also acquired photos and again calculated the GVI using AI, subsequently comparing the results with those obtained on-site manually. Although the correlations were high, automatic image segmentation tended not to identify lawns and flowers planted in the ground as vegetation. It was impossible to determine the year when the GSV photos were taken. In addition, the distance to greenery was biased, depending on the position on the street. These points should be considered when using these modern methods.
• Changes in visits to green spaces due to the COVID-19 pandemic: Focusing on the proportion of repeat visitors and the distances between green spaces and visitors’ places of residences

  Hyerin Kim, Yasushi Shoji, Kota Mameno, Takahiro Kubo, Tetsuya Aikoh

  Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 80 127828 - 127828 1618-8667 2023/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• 阿蘇くじゅう国立公園における二次草原保全活動ボランティアの活動継続と制約の要因—Semi-natural grassland conservation activities in Aso Kuju National Park continuation of volunteer activities and factors of restrictions—2022年度日本造園学会全国大会研究発表論文集(40)

  町田 怜子, 愛甲 哲也, 松島 肇, 武 正憲, 庄子 康, 御手洗 洋蔵, 三上 直之

  ランドスケープ研究 : 日本造園学会会誌 : journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 85 (5) 637 - 640 1340-8984 2022/03 [Refereed]
  
• コロナ禍における自然・緑とのふれあい—日本農学会シンポジウム コロナ禍のその先へ : 農学のチャレンジ

  愛甲 哲也

  農業および園芸 / 養賢堂 [編] 養賢堂 97 (1) 14 - 18 0369-5247 2022/01 [Not refereed][Invited]
  
• Understanding recreation demands and visitor characteristics of urban green spaces: A use of the zero-inflated negative binomial model

  Hyerin Kim, Yasushi Shoji, Takahiro Tsuge, Tetsuya Aikoh, Koichi Kuriyama

  Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 65 1618-8667 2021/11 [Refereed]
   

  This study aims to understand recreation demands and visitor characteristics of urban green spaces. The renovation of large urban green spaces has been scheduled due to the aging facilities in the Sapporo city area, northern Japan. Owing to budget limitations, however, a decision has been made to perform a specific type of extensive renovation depending on the existing environmental settings, facilities, and current recreation uses. To accomplish the renovation, it is essential to conduct an examination of a spatial layout of urban green spaces available for providing equitable recreation opportunities that meet recreation demands and visitor characteristics. This study focuses on 29 large urban green spaces in the Sapporo city area and aims to understand the above issues using an individual travel cost method. The web-based survey conducted in December 2017 targeted residents of the Sapporo city area, and 1068 respondents were used for analyzing. Recreation demands for a total of 21 large urban green spaces were estimated using a zero-inflated negative binomial model, which resolved the problem of excess zeros in the collected data. The mapped results showed that few large urban green spaces had high consumer surplus in the northwestern area. Further, visitor characteristics (gender, age, having small children, owning a car or having a driver's license, walking and/or running, and observing animals and/or plants) were related to the number of visits to these urban green spaces.
• Understanding preferences for pricing policies in Japan's national parks using the best-worst scaling method

  Yasushi Shoji, Hyerin Kim, Takahiro Kubo, Takahiro Tsuge, Tetsuya Aikoh, Koichi Kuriyama

  JOURNAL FOR NATURE CONSERVATION 60 1617-1381 2021/04 [Refereed]
   

  This study attempts to analyze Japan?s pricing policy alternatives for protected area management by assessing the general public?s preferences through best?worst scaling. Through best?worst scaling, researchers can quantitatively understand people?s preferences with fewer burdens. The conditional logit model showed that the mean response of the respondents placed a relatively high value on strategies for a ?general entrance fee,? ?fees for use,? and ?licenses and permits.? All these ways of collecting fees are compulsory. However, an outcome of the latent class model revealed a segment of the population that deemed ?voluntary fees? to be the most desirable form of making a contribution. Compared with evaluation via a Likert scale, employing the best?worst scaling method avoided response biases and provided deeper findings through choice probabilities.
• Influence of agricultural experiences on attachment and conservational attitude toward agricultural landscape and understanding farmland amenity

  HAYASHI Kazusa, AIKOH Tetsuya

  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 公益社団法人 日本造園学会 84 (5) 571 - 574 1340-8984 2021 [Refereed]
   

  At present, decreasing farmland due to the shortages of farmers and the devastation of agricultural landscape are becoming grave concerns. Farmland serves several multifaceted functions as a green space, and its conservation is therefore essential. In this study, we aim to elucidate the effects of various agricultural experiences on the perception of agricultural landscape. Accordingly, an interview of university students was conducted in the form of a survey. Attachment, awareness of conservation, and an understanding of the multifunctional role of farmland itself are some of the aspects that were interviewed. To reveal the effects of agricultural experiences beyond a single day's interaction, lifetime experiences were targeted in this research. Several agriculture-based categories were extracted from individuals' experiences using text analysis. It was found that agricultural experiences positively affected the perception of farmland, suggesting that the types of landscapes that give rise to feelings of attachment differ depending on the individual's own categories of experiences. Additionally, it was suggested that when these experiences were accompanied by knowledge acquisition, the understanding of farmland amenity was also positively influenced.

• Application of the double-bounded dichotomous choice model to the estimation of crowding acceptability in natural recreation areas

  Tetsuya Aikoh, Yasushi Shoji, Takahiro Tsuge, Shigemitsu Shibasaki, Kiyotatsu Yamamoto

  Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 32 2213-0780 2020/12 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  © 2018 Elsevier Ltd Investigating visitors’ crowding norms is necessary to establish the carrying capacity of natural recreation areas. For this purpose, several question formats have been used, but it is known that these have methodological issues. To reduce these methodological issues, we compared several different question formats to investigate respondents’ perceptions of acceptable crowding limits, using montage photographs of different numbers of people at four sites in Shiretoko and Yakushima World Natural Heritage Site in Japan. We applied the double-bounded dichotomous choice model used in the contingent valuation method. Our use of conventional long- and short-format question models shows that acceptability decreases as the number of people increases, in single- and double-bounded models. This confirms the findings of past studies. Despite differences in the crowding norms as measured using different question formats, there was little difference in the number of people depicted in the photographs. The logit model of the double-bounded dichotomous choice model makes it possible to analyze the impact of differences in the number of people and other relevant factors, including the respondents’ characteristics and attitudes. The number of respondents and the burden on respondents vary in each question format, and each provides different information to managers. Management implications: • A double-bounded dichotomous choice model is shown to be a suitable method to analyze crowding norms at natural recreation sites. • This model is less burdensome for respondents and requires fewer samples than some other methods. • The choice model also permits one to analyze the influences of visitors' characteristics and other factors on crowding norms.
• Understanding services from ecosystem and facilities provided by urban green spaces: A use of partial profile choice experiment

  Hyerin Kim, Yasushi Shoji, Takahiro Tsuge, Tetsuya Aikoh, Koichi Kuriyama

  FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS 111 1389-9341 2020/02 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  This study aims to understand the preferences regarding 15 services in ecosystem and facilities provided by urban green spaces using a partial profile choice experiment. The method is one type of discrete choice experiment in which researchers present respondents with only a subset of all the attributes under consideration. Therefore, it has the advantage of valuating large numbers of attributes simultaneously. In Northern Japan's Sapporo city area, which is the site of our study, the future vision for urban green spaces needs to be revised, and thus a valuation of the services from ecosystems and facilities provided by urban green spaces is necessary. The survey was conducted in December 2017 by a contracted research company. Respondents were members of the general public that were registered at the research company and live in the study site. The results showed that overall, services from the ecosystem were preferred over those from facilities. "Forming the landscape" and "Providing places to interact with the forest," which are generally considered requirements of urban green spaces, were highly valuated, as were "Conserving biodiversity" and "Providing evacuation sites," neither of which have been previously considered major services in the context of Japan's urban green space management. Finally, despite Japan's declining birth rate and aging population, "Providing facilities for the elderly" was valuated lower than "Providing facilities for children."
• How resource type and access fee collection method influence visitors'resistance to pay entry fees at sightseeing destinations

  GOKITA Reiko, AIKO Tetsuya

  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 日本造園学会 82 (5) 579‐582 - 582 1340-8984 2019/03/29 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Various natural areas are planning to institute or have already instituted a range of entry fees to enhance the experience of visitors. However, these areas still constitute a minority. Therefore, we conducted a questionnaire survey to analyze visitors'resistance to pay entry fees depending upon the resource type and difference in the fee collection method used. Regarding the type of resource, we found that resistance to pay an entry fee for a natural area was higher on average than an admission charge to access a public exhibition facility or cultural heritage. Desirable fee collection methods varied according to the resource type and aversion to paying fees for using facilities in natural areas and entering mountain areas was relatively high. In natural areas and mountain areas, attitudes toward payment were influenced by how frequently respondents to such areas visited natural areas as well as their intent to visit in the future. Those who visited natural areas frequently and intended to visit again were least resistant to paying fees. Based on the above, we conclude that if users are to be made to bear costs, charging them according to the type of resource would provoke the lowest possible resistance.

• Hikers' attitudes and sustainable management in mountainous parks

  愛甲哲也

  地球環境 国際環境研究協会 23 (1/2) 69‐78 - 78 1342-226X 2018 [Refereed][Invited]
  
• 北海道の自治体における緑の基本計画策定の実態と課題

  愛甲哲也, 吉本文香

  都市計画論文集 53 (3) 510 - 515 2185-0593 2018 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  緑の基本計画は、緑地の計画および保全、管理運営と緑化の基本方針を市町村が定める計画である。この計画は、公園緑地だけでなく、地球環境問題から社会的課題など様々な問題への対応が期待されている。しかしながら、市町村の策定数は半数にとどまっている。本研究は、北海道の市町村における緑の基本計画の策定状況と、緑地の保全と緑化における課題について明らかにすることを目的とした。各市町に、緑の基本計画の策定および改定の状況について、質問した。その結果、人口規模の小さい市町では未策定の場合が多く、その理由として問題の少なさ、人員や予算の不足が指摘された。策定済および未策定の市町の両者で、同様の緑地と緑化の問題を抱えており、国や北海道による支援が必要だと考えられた。
• Comparing Climber Monitoring Methods on Mount Fuji

  Thomas JONES, Kiyotatsu YAMAMOTO, Tetsuya AIKOH, Akihiro KOBAYASHI

  Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas 242 - 244 2016/09 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Heterogeneous preferences for social trail use in the urban forest: A latent class model

  Taro Mieno, Yasushi Shoji, Tetsuya Aikoh, Arne Arnberger, Renate Eder

  URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING 19 20 - 28 1618-8667 2016/09 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  This study explored visitors' preferences for social conditions of trail use in urban forests. It is important to understand the heterogeneous nature of visitor preferences because the recreational use of urban forests is characterized by multipurpose uses with different visiting motivations. To understand preference heterogeneity, this study used a discrete choice experiment using a latent class model that incorporated motivational and sociodemographic factors as membership likelihood function. In 2006, 256 visitors to the Nopporo Forest Park, Hokkaido, in northern japan, completed questionnaires with a series of discrete choice tasks using computer-manipulated images presenting various social conditions of trail use, such as visitor numbers and harvesting behavior on wild food plants. The study identified two visitor groups. One group consisted of more elders whose motivation was to enjoy the natural environment. Although they tended to tolerate crowded conditions, they particularly disliked plant pickers, who harvest wild vegetables alongside the trail. The other group was less tolerant of crowds, and enjoying the natural environment was not their primary purpose for visiting the park. These visitors especially disliked excessive numbers of visitors, but they did not dislike plant pickers. These results suggest that traditional park management assumptions about typical visitors poorly serve the heterogeneous nature of the visitor population. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
• ベスト・ワースト・スケーリングによる知床国立公園の魅力の定量評価

  柘植隆宏, 庄子康, 愛甲哲也, 栗山浩一

  甲南大学経済論集 56 (3・4) 59 - 78 2016 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Attitudes of Citizen Participation on an Individual Basis for the Community-Greening System " Sapporo Town-Gardener" in Sapporo City

  MITARAI Yozo, AIKOH Tetsuya, KOIKE Yasuhiko

  Landscape Research Japan Online 社団法人 日本造園学会 9 (0) 33 - 38 1883-261X 2016 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Nowadays, there are a number of citizens engaged in the community greenings by various kinds of flowers on an individual basis as well as on a group basis. In the case of Sapporo city, the municipal government supports both individuals and groups. In this study, we conducted the questionnaire survey with citizens, engaged in community greening in Sapporo city, to reveal the attitudes shown by two types of participants; one is on an individual basis and the other is both on an individual and a group basis. As a results, it appeared that there were some differences in the motivations between these two types of participants. More particularly, those engaged on an individual basis have much stronger motivations for "recreating themselves" and "growing flowers" than those engaged both on an individual and a group basis. On the other hand, both these two types of participants faced technical problems in horticultural areas. In addition, we found that about 60% of participants who engaged on an individual basis were willing to grow flowers in public spaces. In order to promote these activities more effectively, it is important to take advantage of coalitions across these two types of participants.
• Current Status, Issues and Attitudes of Managers Regarding with Visitor Monitoring in National Parks, Japan

  AIKOH Tetsuya, GOKITA Reiko

  Landscape Research Japan Online 社団法人 日本造園学会 9 (0) 1 - 6 1883-261X 2016 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Visitor monitoring is the essential management effort to make planning and management reasonable in national parks. Exact visitor statistics make managers possible to evaluate effectiveness of current management practices and facilities, and to predict future trends and demands to the park. In this study, we asked park managers to answer the current status and problems regarding with visitor monitoring which includes counting number of visitors and visitor survey. As the results, visitor counting and visitor survey have been conducted in most parks. Park managers recognized the importance and necessity of visitor monitoring. Nevertheless, they are concerned about the lack of budget and staff, and the reliability of monitoring methods. It is considered that standardized monitoring method and devices should be distributed, and sufficient budget and personnel training are necessary.
• Reducing the extinction of experience: Association between urban form and recreational use of public greenspace

  Masashi Soga, Yuichi Yamaura, Tetsuya Aikoh, Yasushi Shoji, Takahiro Kubo, Kevin J. Gaston

  LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING 143 69 - 75 0169-2046 2015/11 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Halting the 'extinction of experience', the progressive disengagement of people with the natural world, is vital to human health and wellbeing and to public support for global biological conservation. Home to the majority of humanity, urban areas are the key for engaging people with nature, raising the crucial question of how cities should best be designed to facilitate these experiences. For the purposes of maintaining local biodiversity, intensive development within a small area (land sparing) has been shown to be better than extensive development over a large area (land sharing). Here, we investigated for the first time how different city forms affect people's experience of nature, measured in terms of their use of greenspaces. We selected five pairs of land-sharing and land-sparing study regions with different coverage by greenspaces within the city of Tokyo, central Japan and used a questionnaire survey to determine the use residents made of these spaces. We found the frequency of people's recreational use of urban greenspaces was higher in urban land-sharing than land-sparing regions. Moreover, satisfaction with local green environments was also higher in land-sharing regions. This suggests a potential conflict in the design of cities between the urban form that is most desirable for the direct protection of regional biodiversity, and that which best promotes people's nature experiences and the support for its wider protection. A strong emphasis on the advantages of land sparing may increase the separation of humans from nature, and further reduce public interest in, and awareness of, biodiversity and its benefits. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
• Relationship among Mountaion National Parks visitors' impressions, satisfaction, loyalty and psychological benefit

  GOKITA Reiko, AIKO Tetsuya

  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 公益社団法人 日本造園学会 78 (5) 533 - 538 1340-8984 2015 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  The principal role of National Parks are providing unusual scenery and recreation opportunity and conserving biodiversity. Promoting utilization of them also contributes to visitors' health and culture of our society. Visiting parks might make a lasting impression on visitors, and then satisfied visitors could affirm loyalty to parks and get psychological benefits. There have been less investigations regarding with the psychological benefits of National Parks in Japan. Thus, we conducted a questionnaire surveys at four popular Mountaion National Parks in Japan, Shiretoko, Nikko, Kamikochi, and Tateyama, to identify the relationship among visitors' impressions, satisfaction, loyalty and benefit. As a result, "nature appreciation," "enriching the mind," and "environmental awareness and understanding" are considered as great benefits due to visiting parks. Types of benefits are different by activities visitors attended. We also found the significant relationship between impression and satisfaction or benefit. The benefit has larger influence on their willingness to revisit and recommendations to others than satisfaction. Promoting National Parks utilization should pay attention to offering impressive experience in parks and the effect on visitors' loyalty.
• Governance of Community Resource for Nature-based Tourism Development

  敷田 麻美, 愛甲 哲也, 梅本 勝博

  日本観光研究学会全国大会学術論文集 = Proceedings of JITR annual conference 日本観光研究学会 29 169 - 172 2014/12 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• Participants' Considerations and Groups' Attitudes engaged in Horticultural Volunteer Activities in Sapporo City

  MITARAI Yozo, AIKOH Tetsuya, KOIKE Yasuhiko

  Landscape Research Japan Online 社団法人 日本造園学会 7 (0) 41 - 47 1883-261X 2014 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Citizens living in urban areas are increasingly interested in participating in their community activities. As a part of their community activities, there are a lot of citizen groups engaged in horticultural volunteer activities in their neighborhoods. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey with participants of 18 citizen group which taking care of flowers in Sapporo city to examine their attitudes, especially their motivations and problems. As the result, it seemed that participants engaged in their activities with four motivations; one is to make their life worth living, the second is to contribute to their neighborhoods, the third is to communicate with other members and the forth is to growing flowers. Furthermore, participants could be divided into four clusters based on these four motivations, and each four clusters contained participants who belonged to several kinds of volunteer groups which have different purpose. On conclusion, it appeared that volunteer groups own several participants who have several kinds of motivations for the horticultural volunteer activities. In order to promote these activities, it is necessary to understand each participant's consideration and offer practical support to them.
• Issues in Planning and Management in the Japanese National Park System : Perspectives from Daisetsuzan National Park(Feature Articles for the Symposium,Address for the Symposium in March 30, 2014)

  AIKOH Tetsuya

  Journal of Forest Economics 林業経済学会 60 (1) 14 - 21 0285-1598 2014 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  The Japanese National Park System currently faces problems with biodiversity conservation, overuse control, and collaborative management. This paper examines issues in park planning and the management of Japanese National Parks, using the case study of the trail maintenance guideline and the management of other facilities in Daisetsuzan National Park, Central Hokkaido, Japan. We found limited recognition of the trail maintenance guideline, a lack of social scientific data, a lack of facility-development standards and risk management, concerning about management of human resources and budget, and little discussion of fees. The park-planning process should include zoning of visitor experiences and should introduce the concept of carrying capacity. We also pointed out the need for revision of the current zoning system, which has been controlled by the intentions of landowners, to allow biodiversity conservation and to control overuse, and the necessity of social scientific monitoring and human resource development based on the social sciences.
• Investigation of differences of children's urban park usage according to their age:Comparison of urban park distribution among several elementary school districts

  Shiino Akio, Aikoh Tetsuya

  Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan 公益社団法人 日本都市計画学会 49 (3) 267 - 272 0916-0647 2014 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  This paper aimed at clarifying the circumstances of children's urban park usage, and evaluating the urban park distribution through the comparison of several elementary school districts. As a result, following points were made clear: 1. district parks and neighboring parks were most frequently used by children, 2. children's selecting method of urban park use showed differences between their grade in elementary schools, such as children in lower grade look much of the distance from their own homes to the urban parks, while children in upper grade tend to chose urban parks whether many of their friends used those parks or not, 3. the range of urban parks measured by each area showed regional differences among several elementary school districts, and this phenomenon might cause imbalanced children's urban park use.
• A decision support model for traffic congestion in protected areas: A case study of Shiretoko National Park

  Kensuke Ishikawa, Naoko Hachiya, Tetsuya Aikoh, Yasushi Shoji, Katsuhiro Nishinari, Akiko Satake

  Tourism Management Perspectives 8 18 - 27 2211-9736 2013/10 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Increasingly there is a call for appropriate management policies to be implemented in national parks to minimize the impacts of tourism on both ecosystems and recreational settings. One facet of such problems is that of traffic congestion as car ownership grows. This study applies a traffic Cellular Automaton Model (CAM) as a decision support tool to ease traffic congestion at Shiretoko National Park in Japan. Despite serious traffic congestion having been reported in the park, a new guiding system and the regulation of private car use was started in the same year. This study shows that a probable increase in traffic congestion can be expected after the introduction of these new management systems, but congestion can be relieved by a slight modification of the temporal and spatial daily inflow of visitors. This study highlights the benefits of computational modeling to support decision-making regarding traffic management in protected areas. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
• Classifications and Characteristics of Citizen Groups Engaged in Horticultural Volunteer Activities in Sapporo City

  MITARAI Yozo, AIKOH Tetsuya, KOIKE Yasuhiko

  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 公益社団法人 日本造園学会 76 (5) 743 - 748 1340-8984 2013 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  In these days, citizens living in urban areas are increasingly interested in developing their communities. As a part of the process of their community developments, there are various kinds of citizen groups engaged in horticultural volunteer activities in public spaces such as urban parks, open spaces along sidewalks and several public facilities. In this study, we conducted interviews with each leader of 20 citizen groups which taking care of flowers in Sapporo city to reveal the attitudes of their groups. In the process of this research, we focused on the difference of places where these volunteer activities were being conducted and the difference of relationships with neighbors. As the result, it appeared that 20 citizen groups were classified into four categories from two aspects whether they are conducting planting and maintaining flowers at sidewalks or neighboring flowerbeds, and they work cooperating with other neighbor volunteer groups. Each four categories have different motivations or issues relating to horticultural volunteer activities. In order to take measures to address each issue, it is necessary to build coalitions across several volunteer groups and community groups.
• Factors Influencing Route Selection by Visitors to Mt. Tomuraushi, Daisetsuzan National Park

  AIKOH Tetsuya, KAWAGUCHI Keisuke

  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 公益社団法人 日本造園学会 76 (5) 703 - 706 1340-8984 2013 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Knowing the factors considered by hikers in selecting their entrance and routes can be helpful for mountainous natural park managers. Mt. Tomuraushi in Daisetsuzan National Park used to be a remote destination that required hikers to make overnight trips to reach the summit. With easier access, there has been a recent increase in day trip hikers. This increase has raised certain concerns, such as soil erosion on the visitor trails, trampling of vegetation, and extension of bare grounds around campsites. We conducted questionnaire survey on hikers' route selection and their reasons for choosing a specific route and trailhead to Mt. Tomuraushi. The results showed that hikers placed much value on scenery, availability of natural resources, and access and convenience of each route and trailhead. Important factors included conveniences, walkability and good scenery. More experienced hikers were found to be more likely to choose less convenient and less crowded trailheads than less experienced hikers.
• Managing conflicting attitudes: National parks in Iceland and Japan

  Schaller, H., J{\'o}nasson, H.I., Aikoh, T.

  Tourismos 8 (2) 21 - 38 1790-8418 2013/01/01 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  © University of the Aegean.For many protected areas, the inclusion of interested parties in decision-making processes has become both more important and common. The range of interests can lead to a variety of conflicts. Given the diversity of stakeholders, effective conflict management requires an integrated communicative approach that addresses this range interests. Yet the question remains: Are techniques developed for a specific case, and in one particular culture, applicable to other cases? To explore this question we compared the attitudes of stakeholders in Vatnajökull National Park in Iceland and Daisetsuzan National Park in Japan regarding conflict, communication and consensus. Despite the cultural and geographical distance between the two cases, the results show an 84% concurrence in stakeholder views, leading the authors to conclude that, despite minor differences, conflict management techniques can be applied across cultural borders provided that managers are sensitive to local understandings of how people relate to their social and natural environments.
• Factors Influencing Visitors to Suburban Open Space Areas near a Northern Japanese City

  Tetsuya Aikoh, Reina Abe, Ryo Kohsaka, Mari Iwata, Yasushi Shoji

  FORESTS 3 (2) 155 - 165 1999-4907 2012/06 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Visitor information often serves as the basis for the management plan of parks. However, there exist few scientific and fundamental surveys for parks and open spaces in Japan. We analyzed the correlation between the number of visitors and the various factors in a suburban open space in a northern Japanese city, Takino Park. To explain the fluctuations in the number of visitors in Takino Park, multiple regression analyses with the stepwise method were conducted. The analyses employed social factors and meteorological factors, such as the day of the week, school vacations, temperature and the weather. The results show that the most influential factor is the day of the week, i.e., Sundays and holidays. The weather is also influential as the number of visitors decreases on rainy and snowy days. Comparing different seasons of the year, we found that influential factors varied from one season to the other. A key distinguishing finding of our results is that the weather conditions at the departure site and the weather forecast are also determining factors. These findings will help park managers understand the current situations and examine future management strategies to maintain and enhance visitor satisfaction, and improve information services.
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• Examination of Zoning Methodology Considering the Natural Resources and the Recreational Resources

  AIKO TETSUYA, TOMIDOKORO YASUKO

  Landscape Research Japan Online 日本造園学会 5 (0) 96 - 103 1883-261X 2012 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  In order to balance the conservation of landscape and the promotion of recreational use, it is necessary to investigate the geographical characteristics of natural and recreational resources, and to apply rational planning process. In this study, we examined the zoning method using the geographical information system in Shikotsu Jozankei Area of Shikotsu Toya National Park, Japan. Forest compartments were ranked by five conservation importance indexes (vegetation naturalness, vegetation diversity, special plant community, geological formation and natural phenomenon) and four recreational usability indexes (slope, accessibility, distance from facility and viewshed). Then compartments were grouped into five clusters by the nonhierarchical cluster analysis. Comparison with current zoning in the area showed us similarities and some discrepancies. Some areas as ranked higher conservation values have been zoned into Ordinary areas which are designated as the least important area.
• 利尻島に生育する栽培ヒナゲシ種子の札幌市における播種時期が発芽に及ぼす影響および生活史，

  近藤哲也, 吉田恵理, 山岸真澄, 愛甲哲也

  利尻研究 31 7 - 16 2012 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Characteristics of Accidents according to Route in the Climbing at Mt. Fuji(Sustainable Resource and Visitor Management in Popular Protected Areas Preface)

  YAMAMOTO Kiyotatsu, TSUGE Takahiro, SHOJI Yasushi, SHIBASAKI Shigemitsu, AIKOH Tetsuya, YAMAKI Kazushige

  Journal of Forest Economics 林業経済学会 57 (3) 22 - 30 0285-1598 2011 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The aims of this study were to analyze the data of accidents during 1989-2008 in the climbing at Mt. Fuji which extends over both prefecture of Yamanashi and Shizuoka in Japan and to clarify the characteristics of the accidents according to four main routes. In addition to those, authors tried to grasp the regional activities and management system to promote safe climbing in Yoshida route as a case study and considered risk management and planning of climbing. Analysis of a data set of accidents collected by prefectural police and interview with relevant people were employed. As a result, it was found that many accidents occurred at 7th and 8th steps at the mountain on the whole. With distinction of routes, there were more fall accidents in Yoshida and Fujinomiya routes and more lost climbers in Subashiri and Gotenba routes than the others respectively. In view of the results, it was suggested that it is necessary to organize information based on the characteristics of places and causes of accidents before providing it to climbers.
• A Study on Canoe Tourists' Crowding Perception, Limits of Acceptance and Social Carrying Capacity in Gesashi River, Okinawa(Sustainable Resource and Visitor Management in Popular Protected Areas Preface)

  TERASAKI Tatsuo, AIKOH Tetsuya, TAKE Masanori, NAKAJIMA Yutaka, TOYAMA Masaki

  Journal of Forest Economics 林業経済学会 57 (3) 12 - 21 0285-1598 2011 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Canoe tourists' crowding perceptions have been examined by means of actual experience and visual approach based on photomontage simulations in Gesashi River, Okinawa. The more actual use levels increased, the more canoe tourists felt crowded, and the less tourists were satisfied. Acceptable use levels in Gesashi River were estimated based on the answers of canoe tourists, canoe tour-guides, and people related to tourism. The results showed the differences among groups, canoe tour-guides ranked the highest acceptance for canoes in the river. As the results, the examination of canoe tourists' crowding perceptions was valid approach for canoe-tourism destination management. The various viewpoints of stakeholders should be considered to make the agreement regarding the definition of social carrying capacity.
• 富士登山における山岳遭難事故の登山ルート別特性

  山本清龍, 柘植隆宏, 庄子康, 柴崎茂光, 愛甲哲也, 八巻一成

  林業経済研究 57 (3) 31 - 40 2011 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• The frequency of scraping trees by kayaking in mangrove estuary in Okinawa, Japan

  Masaki,TOYAMA, Take,Masanori, Tetsuya,Aikoh, Takao,TADEKURA, Tatsuo,TERASAKI

  Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and protected Areas 27 - 28 2010/07 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• A cultivated poppy (Papaver sp.) invades wild habitats of Papaver fauriei in the mountain area of Rishiri Island, Japan

  Masumi Yamagishi, Eri Yoshida, Tetsuya Aikoh, Tetsuya Kondo, Hideki Takahashi

  LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 6 (2) 155 - 159 1860-1871 2010/07 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Many tiny yellow poppies are grown in the town area of Rishiri Island, Japan. Because the phenotype of this cultivated poppy is similar to that of Papaver fauriei, which is endemic to Mt. Rishiri, Rishiri Island, residents on the island call the cultivated poppy "P. fauriei" although the origin of the cultivated poppy is uncertain. To estimate the origin of the cultivated poppy, its internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence was compared with those found in the Far East wild poppies P. fauriei, P. alboroseum, P. miyabeanum and P. nudicaule. Although the ITS sequence of the cultivated poppy was not identical to those found in the wild species, it was most similar to that of P. miyabeanum, indicating that the cultivated poppy is not P. fauriei. However, cultivated poppy seeds have been sown several times over a period of at least 20 years in wild P. fauriei habitats on Mt. Rishiri in the hope of aiding the recovery of P. fauriei populations in wild habitats. Poppy plants in the wild habitats where such seeds have been sown showed the same ITS sequences as those of the cultivated poppy, indicating that the cultivated poppy is established in these wild habitats. This is a case of a nonindigenous species being introduced to wild habitats through human actions.
• How many people should be in the urban forest? A comparison of trail preferences of Vienna and Sapporo forest visitor segments

  Arne Arnberger, Tetsuya Aikoh, Renate Eder, Yasushi Shoji, Taro Mieno

  URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING 9 (3) 215 - 225 1618-8667 2010 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  Differences in trail preferences for social conditions of visitors to forests in Vienna and Sapporo were investigated in 2006 using a standardised image-based stated choice approach. On-site visitors to two comparable pen-urban forests - the Lobau Forest in Vienna, Austria (n = 373), and the Nopporo Forest in Sapporo, Japan (n = 256) - evaluated the same sets of computer manipulated images depicting 128 trail scenarios with different levels of social stimulation. Latent class segmentations, in three sub-segments of similar sizes, differentiated by partly opposite preferences for social conditions, were derived for both samples. A positive contribution of social stimulation to preferences was found for about 17% of Nopporo and 9% of Lobau respondents, while for close to 50% of Lobau respondents and 38% of Nopporo respondents very low levels of social stimulation were preferred. The results indicate that urban forests should be managed for users with a desire for low social densities as well as a denser social setting providing some levels of social stimulation. (C) 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
• Relationship Between the National Park Plan and the National Forest Plan in Shikotsu-Toya National Park

  AIKOH Tetsuya, TOMIDOKORO Yasuko

  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 日本造園学会 73 (5) 505 - 508 1340-8984 2010 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  In Japanese national parks,the designation of a park and its zoning boundaries is influenced by land ownership. There has been criticism that zoning is influenced by timber production or other commercial activities. We examined the relationship between the national park plan and national forest plan in the Shikotsu-Jozankei area in Shikotsu-Toya National Park. We overlaid the national forest management plan map with the park plan map using a GIS. We found that half of the park boundaries have commonality with a national forest unit and 36% with municipal boundaries. The special protection zone and special zone I of the national park plan are similar to the Protection Forest in a national forest. Special zone II is similar to the Recreation Forest in a national forest. National forest functional zones have many similarities with national park zoning. These results clarified the significant effect of a national forest plan on the definition of national park zoning.
• Cultivated poppy (Papaver sp.) invades wild habitats of Papaver fauriei in the mountain area of Rishiri Island

  YAMAGISHI, M, YOSHIDA, E, AIKOH, T, KONDO, T, TAKAHASHI, H

  Landscape and Ecological Engineering 1860 - 1871 2009 [Refereed][Not invited]
  
• 冬季の公園における雪上活動の呼吸循環応答

  北海道の雪氷 28 65 - 68 2009 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Differences of the visit and the attitudes of residents and children among three different block parks in Sapporo

  谷 彩音, 愛甲 哲也, 大友 雅子

  Journal of urban studies 北海道都市地域学会 46 (46) 11 - 17 1343-3261 2009 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Differences in awareness for conservation of endangered spices between stakeholders: a case study for Cypripedium macranthum var. rebunense in Rebun Island

  庄子 康, 八巻 一成, 愛甲 哲也

  Annals of the Japan Association of Regional Policy Scientists 日本地域政策学会 0 (6) 97 - 104 1348-5539 2008/03 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Monitoring trampling impacts from the disposal of human waste at campsites

  Visitor Management in Nature-based Tourism. Series of the Institute for Landscape and Open Space, HSR University of Applied Science Rapperswil 2 17 - 24 2008 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Analysis of Economic Effect of Green Spaces on Land Price in Residential Areas by Hedonic Approach

  AIKOH Tetsuya, SAKIYAMA Naruko, SHOJI Yasushi

  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 社団法人 日本造園学会 71 (5) 727 - 730 1340-8984 2008 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Green spaces in residential areas have various functions, such as for recreational activities, making the place beautiful and so on. In this research, we investigated the economic effect of green spaces on the land prices in the residential area of Sapporo City, through an environmental economics technique. Factors contributing to the formation of the posted land price for the residential area in Sapporo City were identified by the hedonic approach. Results showed that the size of the nearest park or the ratio of green space surrounding the land contributed to the formation of the land price in addition to the area, shape, zoning and the access conditions such as the distance to the closest station and school. Therefore, the building and conservation of green spaces seems to be one clear option for raising the asset value of the residential area.
• Monitoring trampling impacts from the disposal of human waste at campsites

  Visitor Management in Nature-based Tourism. Series of the Institute for Landscape and Open Space, HSR University of Applied Science Rapperswil 2 17 - 24 2008 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Recreational Use of Dog Walkers and their Attitudes in Urban Open Space

  AIKOH Tetsuya, ASAKAWA Shoichiro

  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 社団法人日本造園学会 70 (5) 515 - 518 1340-8984 2007/03/30 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Recreational use of dog walkers in urban open space is one of the concerned issues by managers. There are complains from other visitors, such as unpicked feces, unleashed dogs, or threatening children. In this study, three different types of urban open space were chosen, then dog walkers’ behaviors and their attitudes were surveyed. In the public park, dog walkers and other visitors were sharing same space and time. In the dog run, dog walkers took their dogs a few times a week, and let them run freely. In the exterior of one public facility, dog walkers took their dogs frequently to let them run freely. Consequently, this public space was used as if a dog run. To prevent the conflict between dog walkers and other visitors, manner training and some rules are needed, and besides various types of open spaces should be offered.
• A Study on Evaluations of Trail Maintenance by Hikers and Stakeholders

  AIKOHA Tetsuya, KOBAYASHI Kihiro, SHOJI Yasushi, YAMAKI Kazushige

  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 社団法人日本造園学会 69 (5) 645 - 650 1340-8984 2006/03/27 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Trail degradations have been found in popular mountainous natural parks in Japan. For maintenance of trails, managers should pay attention to the attitudes of hikers and stakeholders, and they should get the consensus for the ideal maintenance method of trails with hikers and concerned stakeholders. The method that demonstrates projected trail maintenance method is needed. In this paper, we compared the hikers' evaluation of trail condition and the image of trail maintenance between on-site survey and mail-back survey at Daisetsuzan National Park, Japan. We also applied photo-montage method to evaluate projected trail maintenance by stakeholders using conjoint analysis. There were little differences between on-site hikers evaluation and mail-back evaluation. The results also didn't show any differences between labeled photos and unlabeled photos. The results of conjoint analysis showed that stakeholders considered the importance of limit of use level less than trail surface maintenance. Stakeholders preferred boardwalk at Susoaidaira where are flat and muddy area.
• Comparison of campus open space between Hokkaido University and University of Massachusetts

  松島 肇, 淺川 昭一郎, 愛甲 哲也

  Journal of urban studies 北海道都市地域学会 43 (43) 31 - 36 1343-3261 2006 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Trends in the Rule and Regulation of the Personal Watercraft in USA

  MATSUSHIMA Hajime, AIKOH Tetsuya

  Papers on environmental information science 環境情報科学センター 0 (19) 95 - 100 0389-6633 2005/11/14 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Impacts of Personal Water Crafts and their Adjustment at the Waters in National Parks

  AIKOH Tetsuya, KOIKE Yuriko, MATSUSHIMA Hajime

  Papers on environmental information science 環境情報科学センター 0 (19) 25 - 30 0389-6633 2005/11/14 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  自然公園において，水域におけるプレジャーボートの利用が増加し，その影響が問題視されるようになってきた。そこで本研究では，早くから問題が発生し，関係機関などにより対策が行われてきた中禅寺湖，琵琶湖，洞爺湖，屈斜路湖の事例調査から，乗入れ規制地区，条例，自粛ルール等の特徴を整理し，今後の水域における利用調整の課題を検討した。その結果，地域の関係機関や団体の連携が不可欠で，対策の検討時から地元や利用者の意見を収集する仕組みが必要なことが示された。In some natural parks, the increase of personal water crafts seems to cause the impact on their natural resources and visitors’ experience. Some parks administrators have realized such problems, and they have practiced several control methods through law enforcement, by-laws and self-imposed rule. We gathered information about the method and process of some use adjustmen...
• 自然の遊び場に対する子どもの意識―子どもの戸外遊び環境としての公園整備に関する研究―

  TSENG Shuowen, 浅川昭一郎, 愛甲哲也

  都市学研究 42 17 - 24 2005/08/30 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Attitudes of Hikers and Stakeholders about Trail Maintenance at Mt. Rishirisan

  AIKOH Tetsuya, NORITOMI Tsuyoshi

  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 社団法人日本造園学会 68 (5) 743 - 746 1340-8984 2005/03/31 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Trail degradations have been found in most mountainous natural parks in Japan. For maintenance of trails, managers should pay attention to the attitudes of visitors and stakeholders, and they should get the consensus for the ideal maintenance method of trails with visitors and concerned stakeholders. The method that demonstrates projected trail maintenance measure is needed. Moreover managers should understand that the attitudes of hikers and stakeholders about trail maintenance are not always similar. In this paper, we applied photo-montage method to evaluate projected trail maintenance, and analyzed the differences of evaluations of hikers and stakeholders at Mt. Rishirisan in Rishiri Rebun Sarobetsu National Park, Japan. Stakeholders recognized trail impacts, and they felt necessity of some measures more than hikers did, especially around the summit of Mt. Rishirisan. Stakeholders and hikers evaluated the photograph which has steps with logs higher than other photographs. Hikers and stakeholders gave priority over the protection of vegetations and soils around trails. Stakeholders wanted the slight trail maintenance, the PR of the place where trails were degraded and the council which public administrators and local people would discuss the management of the mountain.
• Children's recognition with respect to nature of play grounds

  曾 碩文, 浅川 昭一郎, 愛甲 哲也

  Journal of urban studies 北海道都市地域学会 (42) 17 - 24 1343-3261 2005 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• A study of the wheel chair visitors' mobility in city parks regarding with trail continuity:A case study in large city parks, Sapporo, Japan

  Aikoh Tetsuya, Shibata Machiko

  Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan 日本都市計画学会 40 (0) 853 - 858 0916-0647 2005 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The demand to provide access to parks and universal designed parks are increasing. This paper aimed to find the wheel chair visitors' demand for parks, and to examine the physical factors preventing them from visiting parks. The frequency of their visitations to parks are less than other recreations. They demand the parks which has special facilities for disabilities and gentle slope trails. Also, we surveyed the running slope, width, and surface of trails in three large city parks, and evaluated the accessibility of each trail segments by GIS. The results showed that either running slope or surface made passing difficult, and the lack of continuity of each segments prevented access of wheel chair visitors.
• Impacts of Personal Water Crafts and their Adjustment at the Waters in National Parks

  Aikoh Tetsuya, Koike Yuriko, Matsushima Hajime

  Papers on Environmental Information Science 一般社団法人 環境情報科学センター 19 (0) 25 - 30 2005 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  In some natural parks, the increase of personal water crafts seems to cause the impact on their natural resources and visitors' experience. Some parks administrators have realized such problems, and they have practiced several control methods through law enforcement, by-laws and self-imposed rule. We gathered information about the method and process of some use adjustment, and interviewed related officials and personel. Results suggests the necessity of close connection among stakeholders, and the importance of public participation.
• Trends in the Rule and Regulation of the Personal Watercraft in USA

  Matsushima Hajime, Aikoh Tetsuya

  Papers on Environmental Information Science 一般社団法人 環境情報科学センター 19 (0) 95 - 100 2005 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  This research aimed to consider about the Personal Watercraft use management on Japanese National Park Areas, referring to the U.S. National Park Service Cases and their surroundings. NPS has prohibited the PWC use in their areas except some National Park unit. The Personal Watercraft Industry Association claimed that the regulations were unreasonable and unsupported by evidence and arbitrary, but these trends were supported with the NPS missions. There are not only PWC use regulations, but strong enforcement of boating and navigation law and mandatory boating safety education for PWC users. They were necessity for Japanese PWC users.
• A study of the wheel chair visitors' mobility in city parks regarding with trail continuity:A case study in large city parks, Sapporo, Japan

  Aikoh Tetsuya, Shibata Machiko

  Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan 公益社団法人 日本都市計画学会 40 (0) 143 - 143 1348-284X 2005 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The demand to provide access to parks and universal designed parks are increasing. This paper aimed to find the wheel chair visitors' demand for parks, and to examine the physical factors preventing them from visiting parks. The frequency of their visitations to parks are less than other recreations. They demand the parks which has special facilities for disabilities and gentle slope trails. Also, we surveyed the running slope, width, and surface of trails in three large city parks, and evaluated the accessibility of each trail segments by GIS. The results showed that either running slope or surface made passing difficult, and the lack of continuity of each segments prevented access of wheel chair visitors.
• Preferences for and attitudes towards street flowers and trees in Sapporo, Japan

  A Todorova, S Asakawa, T Aikoh

  LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING 69 (4) 403 - 416 0169-2046 2004/10 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The benefits of street vegetation, in particular the importance of trees, for urban dwellers have been given wide attention. There is, however, a lack of research on flowers as an element of street vegetation. This paper explores preferences for various street-planting models, particularly those with different compositions of flowers, with or without trees. Eighty-one residents of Sapporo evaluated 59 photomontage simulations and answered a questionnaire concerning their attitudes to street flowers. Results revealed trees to be the factor with the greatest influence on preference. Among possible elements for the space beneath trees from a choice including soil, grass, hedge and flowers, flowers were the most favoured. In particular, low and ordered compositions of brightly coloured flowers were the most preferred. Tall flowers were not found to be either attractive or appropriate for streetscapes in this case study. A factor analysis of the variables related to attitudes towards street flowers revealed the following five factors: "psychological benefits and aesthetic value", "natural-environmental", "practical concerns", "effort to maintain" and "non-aesthetic". The highest rated items were all related to the aesthetic and psychological benefits of street flowers. Flowers were the most preferred element beneath street trees and were seen as not only contributing to the aesthetic quality of a street but as also having a positive influence on psychological well-being. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
• Preferences for and attitudes towards street flowers and trees in Sapporo, Japan

  A Todorova, S Asakawa, T Aikoh

  LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING 69 (4) 403 - 416 0169-2046 2004/10 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The benefits of street vegetation, in particular the importance of trees, for urban dwellers have been given wide attention. There is, however, a lack of research on flowers as an element of street vegetation. This paper explores preferences for various street-planting models, particularly those with different compositions of flowers, with or without trees. Eighty-one residents of Sapporo evaluated 59 photomontage simulations and answered a questionnaire concerning their attitudes to street flowers. Results revealed trees to be the factor with the greatest influence on preference. Among possible elements for the space beneath trees from a choice including soil, grass, hedge and flowers, flowers were the most favoured. In particular, low and ordered compositions of brightly coloured flowers were the most preferred. Tall flowers were not found to be either attractive or appropriate for streetscapes in this case study. A factor analysis of the variables related to attitudes towards street flowers revealed the following five factors: "psychological benefits and aesthetic value", "natural-environmental", "practical concerns", "effort to maintain" and "non-aesthetic". The highest rated items were all related to the aesthetic and psychological benefits of street flowers. Flowers were the most preferred element beneath street trees and were seen as not only contributing to the aesthetic quality of a street but as also having a positive influence on psychological well-being. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
• Preferences for and attitudes towards street flowers and trees in Sapporo, Japan

  A Todorova, S Asakawa, T Aikoh

  LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING 69 (4) 403 - 416 0169-2046 2004/10 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The benefits of street vegetation, in particular the importance of trees, for urban dwellers have been given wide attention. There is, however, a lack of research on flowers as an element of street vegetation. This paper explores preferences for various street-planting models, particularly those with different compositions of flowers, with or without trees. Eighty-one residents of Sapporo evaluated 59 photomontage simulations and answered a questionnaire concerning their attitudes to street flowers. Results revealed trees to be the factor with the greatest influence on preference. Among possible elements for the space beneath trees from a choice including soil, grass, hedge and flowers, flowers were the most favoured. In particular, low and ordered compositions of brightly coloured flowers were the most preferred. Tall flowers were not found to be either attractive or appropriate for streetscapes in this case study. A factor analysis of the variables related to attitudes towards street flowers revealed the following five factors: "psychological benefits and aesthetic value", "natural-environmental", "practical concerns", "effort to maintain" and "non-aesthetic". The highest rated items were all related to the aesthetic and psychological benefits of street flowers. Flowers were the most preferred element beneath street trees and were seen as not only contributing to the aesthetic quality of a street but as also having a positive influence on psychological well-being. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
• The Motivation, Problems and Opinions of Residents Involved in Street Flower-Planting in Sapporo

  TODOROVA Assenna, ASAKAWA Shoichiro, AIKOH Tetsuya

  Environmental information science 環境情報科学センター 32 (5) 111 - 118 0389-6633 2004/03/31 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• The motivation, problems and opinions of residents involved in street flower-planting in Sapporo

  Journal of Environmental Information Science 32 (5) 111 - 118 2004 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• The motivation, problems and opinions of residents involved in street flower-planting in Sapporo

  Journal of Environmental Information Science 32 (5) 111 - 118 2004 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• A Study on Visitor's Crowding Perception and Carrying Capacity in Mountainous Natural Park

  AIKOH T.

  Memoirs of the Graduate School of Agriculture,Hokkaido University 北海道大学大学院農学研究科 25 (1) 61 - 114 1345-661X 2003 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  収容力に基づく公園計画・管理の必要性を検討し、山岳性自然公園における社会的収容力を設定するための利用者の混雑感の特性を実証し、その把握手法の課題を明らかにした上で、収容力に基づく自然公園の計画・管理方策への提言を行うことを目的とした。各登山口で与えられる情報、パトロール員の注意の内容、標識のデザインや記述内容など、改善すべき点は多い。また、登山道の補修や避難小屋、野営地の清掃といった日常的な管理の多くは、地域のボランティアや山岳会会員が無償で行っている。以上のような取り組みを、地域制である我が国の自然公園ですすめるには、登山者も含めた、行政機関や事業者、関係団体などによる情報の伝達や協議を行う体制づくりが今後検討されるべきで、私有地が最も少ない大雪山はそのような枠組みづくりに取り組みやすいと言えるだろう。
• Attitudes Towards Street Flowers in Sapporo

  TODOROVA Assenna, ASAKAWA Shoichiro, AIKOH Tetsuya

  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 社団法人日本造園学会 65 (5) 717 - 722 1340-8984 2002/03/30 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Recently there have been examples of citizen participation in street flower planting and maintenance in many cities around Hokkaido. Flowers planted along the pavement are to be seen in many residential areas of Sapporo. In order to understand residents' attitudes towards street flowers, a questionnaire was delivered in the Satsunae area of Higashi Naebo, Sapporo, where flowers had been planted in the streets.
  The results showed strong agreement on the aesthetical contribution of flowers to the streetscape. Factor analysis of the items related to street flowers revealed the following four factors:‘effort to maintain’, ‘socio-environmental’, ‘aesthetic value/closeness to nature’ and ‘privacy issues’. Cluster analysis based on factor scores divided the sample into three groups according their attitudes to street flowers. People in Cluster 1 appeared to have negative attitudes as a whole. Representatives of Cluster 2, who were mostly in their 40s and 50s, could be named as the ‘socially oriented’ group whereas those in Cluster 3 appeared to be the aesthetically appreciative group.
• Applying a Photographic Approach to Estimate Visitor's Perceptions of Crowding to Determine Acceptable Limits of Encounters in Natural Parks

  AIKOH Tetsuya, CHENG Chiasheng, ASAKAWA Shoichiro

  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 社団法人日本造園学会 65 (5) 669 - 672 1340-8984 2002/03/30 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  In order to define the social carrying capacity in National Parks, it is necessary to survey visitors' crowding perceptions and acceptable limits of encounters with other visitors. However, the numerical approach, which consists ofasking respondents about an acceptable number of other visitors, has several shortcomings. In this study, a visual approach, based on photomontage simulations, was applied to measure visitors' crowding perception and acceptable limit of encounters in the Sugatami area, in Daisetsuzan National Park, Hokkaido. The results are summarized as follows:
  1) the response rate of acceptable limits of encounters estimated by a visual approach was about twice the rate investigated by the numerical approach used in previous studies. Therefore the visual approach could be accepted as effective, especially in high-use areas.
  2) although visitors' crowding perceptions heightened with the increase of visitors in the photo simulations, this relationship was not always consistent. As for the results, more thorough examination about location of visitors and scene composition in the photo simulations might be necessary.
• Attitudes towards Street Flowers in Sapporo City

  Journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 65 (5) 717 - 722 2002 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• ATTITUDES TOWARDS STREET FLOWERS IN SAPPORO

  Todorova Assenna, Asakawa Shoichiro, Aikoh Tetsuya

  JILA Annual Scientific Research Meeting Abstracts 社団法人 日本造園学会 65 (0) 73 - 73 1340-8984 2002 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Recently there have been examples of citizen participation in street flower planting and maintenance in many cities around Hokkaido. Flowers planted along the pavement are to be seen in many residential areas of Sapporo. In order to understand residents’ attitudes towards street flowers, a questionnaire was delivered in the Satsunae area of Higashi Naebo, Sapporo, where flowers had been planted in the streets. The results showed strong agreement on the aesthetical contribution of flowers to the streetscape. Factor analysis of the items related to street flowers revealed the following four factors: ‘effort to maintain’, ‘socio-environmental’, ‘aesthetic value/closeness to nature’ and ‘privacy issues’. Cluster analysis based on factor scores divided the sample into three groups according their attitudes to street flowers. People in Cluster 1 appeared to have negative attitudes as a whole. Representatives of Cluster 2, who were mostly in their 40s and 50s, could be named as the ‘socially oriented’ group whereas those in Cluster 3 appeared to be the aesthetically appreciative group.
• Mountain Area Management by Alpine Clubs in Hokkaido, Japan

  Nakane Kazuyuki, Aikoh Tetsuya, Asakawa Shoichiro

  JILA Annual Scientific Research Meeting Abstracts 社団法人 日本造園学会 65 (0) 60 - 60 1340-8984 2002 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Summary: The social and ecological impacts caused by the increased number of visitors in the mountains, many of which designated as National Parks, should be considered. Though there are mountaineers involved with the management of some areas, but the structure of their organizations, the nature of their activities as well as the problems they face are unknown. In order to obtain information about this, 225 alpine clubs in Hokkaido were surveyed by a questionnaire, the response rate of which was 61.3%. It became clear that many of the alpine clubs maintain and keep tidy trails and huts, protect land, train climbers and attitudes, and arrange climbing meetings. While involved in management activities, these clubs, regional federations of alpine clubs and volunteer organizations, have played an important role in liaising with other institutions, such as local authorities and foresters. Among the difficulties these clubs had faced were the lack of volunteers, various obstacles as well as the lack of established communications between them and the administration. It could be concluded that providing administrative support and working in collaboration with these clubs could help to obtain a successful management of the mountain areas.
• On the Conservation of Coastal Area Scenic Resources in Hokkaido, Japan

  Matsushima Hajime, Asakawa Shoichiro, Aikoh Tetsuya

  JILA Annual Scientific Research Meeting Abstracts 社団法人 日本造園学会 65 (0) 56 - 56 1340-8984 2002 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Comparison of coastal landscape resources and land-uses on Hokkaido were discussed in this paper. Conservation of landscape resources, particularly natural coasts, were disturbed by their land-uses. Comparison of the changes in natural coastal areas belonging to natural parks versus those not belonging to natural parks, revealed almost no changes in the former but decreases in the latter, and in particular decreases of sandy gravel coasts. This could be explained by the fact that the management level of coastal areas belonging to natural parks is not as intensive as of those not belonging to. Since the proportion of the sandy gravel coasts in natural park areas has the lowest percentage compared to cliff and rock formations, their preservation and management should be considered.
• The National Park Planning based on the Concepts of Carrying Capacity in United States and Japan, and the Problems in Japanese National Park

  AIKOH Tetsuya, KOBAYASHI Akihiro

  Papers on environmental information science 環境情報科学センター 15 (0) 237 - 242 0389-6633 2001/11/16 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Perceived Crowding, Acceptable Limits of Econunters, Coping Behavior at Kamuiwakka in Shiretoko National Park

  KOBAYASHI Akihiro, AIKOH Tetsuya

  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 社団法人日本造園学会 64 (5) 723 - 728 1340-8984 2001/03/30 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  My concern here is whether indicators and standards of negative changes in recreation experience are effective in response to the degree of the deterioration in social condition. The question is to have an insight into subjects on grasping the level of encounters, crowding perception, acceptable limits of encounters and coping behavior with congestion under traffic control. This is a case study conducted at Kamuiwakka in Shiretoko National Park. Data of visitors' attitude were collected by a mail-back questionnaire survey on visitors. Visitors' behavior in Kamuiwakka River was recorded by videotape. As a result, user density and encounter level fluctuated in a shot time. The level of encounters could be estimated by the speed of visitors' walking, their route and time taken. The level of encounters of visitors affected crowding perception. Visitors' expectation toward Kamuiwakka, unpleasantness toward congestion and evaluation of traffic control management affected crowding perception more strongly. In spite of higher visitor density than last year, rate of unpleasantness of crowding was lower than last year. Rate of answering acceptable limits of encounters in the river was low. The degree of acceptable limits of encounters related to the attitude toward management of visitor control, but not related to the crowding perception and the level of encounters. Sensitive visitors of unpleasant condition induced by congestion had a tendency to actively select less denser timing to avoid congestion and shift their expectations or preference to reduce the discrepancy between desired and achieved outcomes. In conclusion, crowding perception was not sensitive indicator of congestion under higher density. Most of visitors in higher density did not have norms of limit of acceptable encounters. Considering rapid change of encounters and users' attitude toward high density, we had better prescribe the quality of recreational experience as the probability of occurrence of the conditions than statistic number of entry.
• Perceived Crowding, Acceptable Limits of Encounters, Coping Behavior at Kamuiwakka in Shiretoko National Park(PAPERS OF THE 19th SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH MEETING)

  KOBAYASI AKIHIRO, AIKOH Tetsuya

  Journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 社団法人日本造園学会 64 (5) 723 - 728 1340-8984 2001/03/30 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  My concern here is whether indicators and standards of negative changes in recreation experience are effective in response to the degree of the deterioration in social condition. The question is to have an insight into subjects on grasping the level of encounters, crowding perception, acceptable limits of encounters and coping behavior with congestion under traffic control. This is a case study conducted at Kamuiwakka in Shiretoko National Park. Data of visitors attitude were collected by a mail-back questionnaire survey on visitors. Visitors behavior in Kamuiwakka River was recorded by vid...
• 札幌市における街区公園施設整備の変遷

  曾 碩文, 浅川 昭一郎, 愛甲 哲也

  都市学研究 北海道都市学会 (38) 11 - 18 1343-3261 2001 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• A Study on the Change of Beach Plants Cover Area on Ishikari Coast

  MATSUSHIMA Hajime, AIKOH Tetsuya, KONDO Tetsuya, ASAKAWA Shoichiro

  Papers on environmental information science 環境情報科学センター 14 (0) 295 - 300 0389-6633 2000/11/16 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• User Evaluation of Coastal Landscape of the Ishikari Coast

  MATSUSHIMA Hajime, ASAKAWA Shoichiro, AIKOH Tetsuya

  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 社団法人日本造園学会 63 (5) 789 - 794 1340-8984 2000/03/30 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  As coastal use increases, various problems concerning the coastal environment and user conflict have happened. To grasp these coastal user perceptions about coastal environments, landscapes and other users is helpful for management of these areas. The oral survey of coastal users was conducted at Ishikari Coast, Hokkaido in the summer of 1999. In this survey, coastal users were asked to evaluate 18 photos of coastal landscapes, to mention open-ended descriptions associated with ‘Coast’ and ‘Ishikari Coast’ and to talk about their knowledge and thought for coastal environment and management. These results were summarized as follows:
  1) Use of place selection was dependent on their activities and management of these places.
  2)‘Coast’ reminded users of objective images about the coast or activities pertaining to them. The other, ‘Ishikari Coast’, reminded users of subjective features about this place or knowledge, they have.
  3) User evaluation of coastal landscape and user thought about environment depended on their coastal activities. This tendency was especially negative concerning human impact, while most users preferred natural landscapes.
• Visual Assessment of Sequential Landscape in Rural Area, Biei, Hokkaido

  UCHIMI Shizu, ASAKAWA Shoichiro, AIKOH Tetsuya

  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 日本造園学会 63 (5) 783 - 788 1340-8984 2000/03/30 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  We attempted to evaluate what people felt, concerning factors of sequential landscape at Biei, Hokkaido, northern Japan. The following are the results of this study. Profiles of subjects were less related to the evaluation. Furthermore, the preference score rose when sky, mountains, or farmland in the foreground existed in a picture. Video pictures were classified into four landscape types;(1) grass land slope, (2) near forest, (3) prospect and near farmland and (4)“prospect” or “relatively open scenery”. We inferred that people had a tendency to feel favorable when presented a sequence of open scenery. Conversely, they feel unfavorable when presented a sequence of closed scenery.
• Atitude of the Residents toward Private Gardening in Megumino, Hokkaido

  KAWANE Azusa, AIKOH Tetsuya, ASAKAWA Shoichiro

  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 社団法人日本造園学会 63 (5) 695 - 700 1340-8984 2000/03/30 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  In urban areas, private gardens' vegetation contributes to neighborhood environmental quality. Recently, People have expected increased wildlife habitat, improved streetscape, and others tool of community development. To consider these roles, it is important to investigate attitudes of residents regarding their gardens in Megurnino, Hokkaido. In order to understand residential perception and management, we carried out a questionnaire survey concerning vegetated flowers in front yards. The results are as follows. The strongest motivation of gardening is the act of planting. Other motivation factors include nonspecified, food production, and increase of family or neighborhood interaction. People wanted more knowledge about plants or gardening. The type of motive about gardening has influenced residents' perceptions, management, vegetation, and front yard flower arrangements.
• Mountaineers' Acceptable Limits of Human Encounters and Manners, and their Coping Behavior

  AIKOH Tetsuya, ASAKAWA Shoichiro

  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 社団法人日本造園学会 63 (5) 619 - 624 1340-8984 2000/03/30 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  For defining social carrying capacity in recreational settings, it is necessary to ask visitors about their acceptable limit of encounters with other visitors. But their coping behavior may confound the reliability of that information. We examined the relationship between mountaineers' acceptable limit of encounters and their coping behavior. The survey was conducted at Daisetsuzan National Park from July to September in 1998. Mountaineers' acceptable limit of encounters with other visitors, acceptable limit of discourteous manners, their intention of coping behavior and their experience of coping behavior were acquired by a mail-back questionnaire. The results may be summarized as follows:
  1) Mountaineers who were tolerant of encounters were older, traveled shorter distances, and were less able to recognize human impacts.
  2) Some mountaineers avoided encounters with others by coping behaviors such as intra-site displacement. When the number of encounters exceeds the acceptable limit, they tend to change their experience definitions to what they expect of more crowded conditions, or move to a less crowded area, tent site or season.
• Mountaineers' Perception of Human Impact and Attitude to Human Waste Disposal in Daisetsuzan National Park

  AIKOH Tetsuya, TODOME Misako, ASAKAWA Shoichiro

  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 社団法人日本造園学会 62 (5) 703 - 708 1340-8984 1999/03/30 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  As a result of increasing recreational use, various impacts on natural environment and visitor experiences were observed in natural parks. Information about visitors' perceptions of human impact is useful in managing natural parks. The survey was conducted at Daisetsuzan National Park from July to September in 1998. Mountaineers' perceptions of human impact and attitudes to human waste disposal were acquired by a mail-back questionnaire. The results may be summarized as follows:
  1) While mountaineers' perceptions of human impact varied, there was a general consensus concerning discomfort with human waste disposal, and the necessity of its management.
  2) The difference in disposal methods of waste and attitude to human waste disposal varied according to gender, mode of travel and mountaineers' perception of human impact.
• The Differences of Evaluations and Cognitive Constructs of Urban River Landscapes by View Aspect

  KITAOKA Shingo, ASAKAWA Shoichiro, AIKOH Tetsuya

  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 社団法人日本造園学会 62 (5) 647 - 652 1340-8984 1999/03/30 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The characteristics of river landscapes vary with view points and view aspects. The purpose of this study is to understand the effects of view aspects in river landscape evaluation and to clarify the differences of cognitive constructs by use of the repertory grid technique. The results of quantification-I analysis showed that the view aspects affected evaluations. As the result of multi-dimensional scaling, background was recognized as a dimension which affected the evaluation of any view aspect, which corresponded to the results of the cluster analysis. Conversely, other dimensions which reflected differences of origin in image were recognized for each view aspect, and also correspondedto the results of the cluster analysis. Finally, it was clarified that cognitive constructs varied according to view aspects.
• マサチューセッツ州における土地利用と緑地の変化

  佐々木 貴弘, 浅川 昭一郎, 愛甲 哲也

  都市学研究 北海道都市学会 (36) 31 - 38 1343-3261 1999 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• A Study on Evaluation of the Iburi Coast by Local Residents

  MATSUSHIMA Hajime, ASAKAWA Shoichiro, AIKOH Tetsuya

  Papers on environmental information science 環境情報科学センター 12 (0) 197 - 202 0389-6633 1998/11/16 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• The Influence of Tent Setting on Visitors' Crowding Perception at Mountainous Campsite

  AIKOH Tetsuya, ASAKAWA Shoichiro

  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 社団法人日本造園学会 61 (5) 627 - 630 1340-8984 1998/03/30 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Campsite is one of the most crowded site in mountainous recreation area. We examined the influence of tentsetting on visitors' crowding perception and uncomfortable factor at campsite in Daisetsuzan National Park. In 1995, 1996, we surveyed location oftents, unit area and interval of tents. Visitors' perception of other tents and other visitors, tolerable number of other tents and other visitors, crowding perception and uncomfortable factor were acquired by the questionnaire survey.
  The results showed that increase of actual use level decreased unit area and interval of tents, and increased visitors' perceived use level, perceived crowding and number of uncomfortable factors. When actual use level exceeded tolerable use level reported by visitors, perceived crowding and number of uncomfortable factors were high significantly. The results demonstrate the usefulness of tolerable use level to establish carrying capacity for campsites.
• The Influence of Camping on Vegetation and Soil Conditions

  AIKOH Tetsuya, NAKAJIMA Yasuko, ASAKAWA Shoichiro

  Papers on environmental information science 環境情報科学センター 11 (0) 201 - 206 0389-6633 1997/10/31 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 札幌都市圏における土地利用変化と緑地の減少に関する研究

  愛甲 哲也, 兵藤 斉, 浅川 昭一郎

  都市学研究 北海道都市学会 (34) 59 - 65 1343-3261 1997 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Visual Assessment of Urban Fringe Landscape--Base on a Case Study in the Northern Part of Sapporo

  ASAKAWA Shoichiro

  Journal of urban studies 北海道都市学会 (34) 1 - 7 1343-3261 1997 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Analysis of Crowding on Mountainous Natural Trail by Visitor Travel Simulation Model

  AIKOH Tetsuya, ASAKAWA Shoichiro

  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 日本造園学会 59 (5) 169 - 172 1340-8984 1996/03/29 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Informations about visitor behavior and congestion are essential for management and planning in natural parks. In this paper, a computer model were applied to examine the congestion and behavior of visitors on natural trails in Daisetsuzan National Park. From outputs of this model validly represented a real system, it was showed that the number of encounters and visual encounters were relatively high on paths and observation platforms where there were many groups. In addition, the number of encounters may multiply on paths as the number of total groups increases. This model might be a useful tool for management and planning in natural parks.
• Enlargement of Bare Grounds at Campsites in Daisetsuzan National Park

  AIKOH Tetsuya, NAKAJIMA Yasuko, ASAKAWA Shoichiro

  環境情報科学. 別冊, 環境情報科学論文集 = Environmental information science. Extra, Papers on environmental information science 9 (0) 63 - 68 0389-6633 1995/11/08 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Land Trusts and Farmland Conservation in the U.S.A.

  ASAKAWA Shoichiro, AIKOH Tetsuya

  環境情報科学. 別冊, 環境情報科学論文集 = Environmental information science. Extra, Papers on environmental information science 9 (0) 127 - 132 0389-6633 1995/11/08 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Motivations and Expectations of Mountatineers in Relation to Choice of Area and Route in Daisetsuzan National Park

  KOBAYASHI Akihiro, AIKOH Tetsuya

  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 社団法人日本造園学会 58 (5) 213 - 216 1340-8984 1995/03/31 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The present study examined the motivations and expectations of mountaineers in relation to the areas they visited and the routes they chose in Daisetsuzan National Park. The analysis was based on data obtained from a mail-back questionnaire survey.
  This results showed that the route chosen depended on various factors such as the desire to commune with nature, the desire for solitude, relaxation, mental challenge and physical challenge, and that expectations and motivations for choosing various areas generally corresponded among visitors selecting similar routes. Expectations for each area varied among visitors selecting different routes, while those of visitors selecting a similar route varied during the course of the route. It was presumed that the choice of route was determined as a result of its suitability for providing the desired outcome and because of its availability in terms of limitations imposed by factors such as time, skills and physical strength. thus, route selection is viewed as instrumental behavior with the goal of harmonizing expected and actual outcomes.
  A general trend toward high expectations for remote, more pristine areas was observed, whereas expectations were much lower in areas with developed facilities that were easily accessible to large numbers of people. It is thus concluded that development which alters nature in a national park diminishes the expectations and satisfaction of mountaineers who visit the park.
• Mountaineers' Acceptable Impact Levels of Encounter and Discourteous Manner in Daisetsuzan National Park

  KOBAYASHI Akihiro, AIKOH Tetsuya

  Journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architects 社団法人日本造園学会 57 (5) 313 - 318 0387-7248 1993 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  It is necessary to set standards for acceptable recreational impact levels for the assessment of National Park. The purposes of the present paper were to determine how much and what kind of recreational impact were acceptable for recreational settings and to clarify some variation of norms in different situations. Mountaineers in Daisetsuzan National Park were chosen for these purposes.
  This analysis was based on the data from a questionnaire administered to mountaineers by mail-back survey. We asked the respondents to report “How much impact is tolerable before your experience becomes unpleasant?”. An “It doesn't matter to me” category was included for users unable to name a specific personal norm. The questions included four types of impact measurement: encounter level per day, encounter level at campsites, instance of discourteous manner per day and instance of discourteous manner at campsites and hats.
  As a result, findings showed greater variation of norms and an increase in the percentage of “no respon se” to the higher density situation. The tolerance norms for “discourteous manner” were characterized by a few respondents tolerating a little impact. There was little variation between norms for “discourteous manner” in different situations. The tolerance norms for “encounter” were higher than those for “discourteous manner” and higher in the areas with higher use and more development. Response frequencies for each impact question were graphed, aggregating personal norms into a curve showing the full range of agreement levels.
  In conclusion, the differences between norms in different situations support the usefulness of normative approach. It is noted that the usefulness of normative approach lies in their ability to characterize agreement about acceptable impact levels for particular recreation settings.
• A Relationship between Number of Campers and Crowding Perception at Campsites in Daisetsuzan National Park

  AIKOH Tetsuya, ASAKAWA Shoichiro, KOBAYASHI Akihiro

  Journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architects 社団法人日本造園学会 57 (5) 319 - 324 0387-7248 1993 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Establishing carrying capacity requires investigation of the characteristics of visitors' crowding perception, various factors such as for examples, perceived number of other visitors, visitors' experiences, their expectation of density and significance of crowding.
  This study examined the relationships of actual use levels, perceived use levels, desirable use levels and visitors' crowding perception at campsites in Daisetsuzan National Park. We examined the differences between desirable use levels and acceptable use levels. For these purposes, visitors' perceptions and views of use level were acquired by the questionnaire survey.
  The subjects perceived lower use levels than actual use levels at high use levels. The results indicated that desirable use levels were stable to actual use levels. Therefore, it is apparent that an increase of actual use level increased the difference between actual or perceived use levels and desirable use levels. The increase of those difference increased crowding perception and decreased preference of density at campsites. Also it was revealed that desirable use levels were lower than acceptable use levels.
• Factors Contributing to Crowding Perception at Campsites in Daisetsuzan National Park

  AIKOH Tetsuya, KOBAYASHI Akihiro

  Journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architects 社団法人日本造園学会 56 (5) 169 - 174 0387-7248 1992 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  The purposes of this paper were to examine how personal norms of mountaineers affected their evaluations of crowding, and to investigate the relationships among their evaluations of crowding and total evaluations of thier experiences.
  Two campsites in Daisetsuzan National Park were choosen forthese purposes. Personal norms, evaluations of crowding and total evaluations were gained by questionnaire survey. Personal norms included motives of mountaineering, expectation of crowding and significance of crowding in their experiences at campsites. Evaluations of crowding at campsites included crowding perception and preference for actual situation. Total evaluations included evaluations of relaxational, solitary environment and multi-lateral satisfaction.
  As the results, their significance of crowding affected crowding perception relating relaxational satisfaction and preference relating total satisfaction. Their motives seeking nature experience, quietness and peace of mind affected their significance of crowding. Besides, their motives seeking escape from others affected their expectation and significance of solitary environment, but did not affected their expectation and significance of crowding at campsites. Thus campsites were not likely to gratify mountaineers' needs of solitude.
• A Study on Crowding Perception of Visitors in Daisetsuzan National Park

  AIKOH Tetsuya, ASAKAWA Shoichiro, KOBAYASHI Akihiro

  Journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architects 社団法人日本造園学会 55 (5) 223 - 228 0387-7248 1991 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Increasing recreational use of natural park affects natural resources and visitor satisfaction. Study of carrying capacity in nature parks will be needed for a suitable management.
  The purposes of this paper were to explore the relationships among visitor crowding, visitor per-ception of encounters with others and actual use levels and to grasp the effects of personal attributes on visitor crowding. As a case study, Daisetsuzan National Park was chosen for these purposes.
  Actual use levels included visitor density, number of parties encountered and number of visitors encountered. Visitor perception of encounters and visitor crowding were gained by questionnaire survey to visitors on a trail segment.
  The results showed that visitor crowding was more related to visitor perception of encounters than to actual use levels. It was suggested that the process of visitor perception of encounters and visitor crowding was affected by their previous experience of Daisetsuzan National Park.

MISC

• COVID-19の流行による都市緑地利用の変化:ビッグデータによる把握

  金慧隣, 庄子康, 豆野皓太, 久保雄広, 愛甲哲也  日本森林学会大会学術講演集  133rd-  2022
• Organizing Indicators of Management Effectiveness Evaluation about National Park Intended for Collaborative Management

  Okita Yuto, Aikoh Tetsuya, Shoji Yasushi  The Japanese Forest Society Congress  130-  (0)  52  -52  2019  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  [in Japanese]

• Application of the ordered logit model to the estimation of crowding acceptability in natural recreation areas

  Shoji Yasushi, Aikoh Tetsuya, Tsuge Takahiro  The Japanese Forest Society Congress  130-  (0)  32  -32  2019  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  [in Japanese]

• Management of mountainous toilet facilities at Mt.Daisen :Introduction of portable toilets and cost-burden

  OKANO Mizuki, SHOJI Yasushi, TSUGE Takahiro, AIKOH Tetsuya, KURIYAMA Koichi  The Japanese Forest Society Congress  130-  (0)  33  -33  2019  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  [in Japanese]

• Evaluation of Ecosystem Services of Urban Park: Using Partial Profile Choice Experiment

  KIM HYERIN, Shoji Yasushi, Tsuge Takahiro, Aikoh Tetsuya, Kuriyama Koichi  The Japanese Forest Society Congress  130-  (0)  34  -34  2019  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  [in Japanese]

• A Case Study on Foreign Tourist Consciousness of Wild Animals in Shiretoko National Park

  Akashi Mizue, Wang Maoqi, Shoji Yasushi, Aikoh Tetsuya  The Japanese Forest Society Congress  129-  (0)  863  -863  2018  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  [in Japanese]

• Feasibility study of National Park management effectiveness by park rangers

  Aikoh Tetsuya, Kobayashi Natsumi, Miyasaka Takafumi, Sato Maya  The Japanese Forest Society Congress  128-  (0)  784  -784  2017  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  [in Japanese]

• Foreign Visitor's Perceptions in Siretoko-goko Lakes

  Wang Maoqi, Aikoh Tetsuya  The Japanese Forest Society Congress  128-  (0)  791  -791  2017  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  [in Japanese]

• 山のめぐみを享受する登山から、恩返しの登山へ (特集 森のめぐみと生物文化多様性) -- (創造される人と森の関係 : 新しい生物文化多様性)

  愛甲 哲也  森林環境  68  -77  2017  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Assessing preference heterogeneity for pricing policies in national parks: A use of best-worst scaling technique

  Shoji Yasushi, Mameno Kota, Kubo Takahiro, Tsuge Takahiro, Aikoh Tetsuya, Kuriyama Koichi  The Japanese Forest Society Congress  128-  (0)  797  -797  2017  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  [in Japanese]

• Quantitative Evaluation of the Attractiveness of Shiretoko National Park by Using Best-Worst Scaling

  Takahiro Tsuge, Yasushi Shoji, Tetsuya Aikoh, Koichi Kuriyama  甲南経済学論集  56-  (3)  153  -172  2016/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  知床国立公園を訪問したいと考える人々が, どのような理由からそのように考えるかを, ベスト・ワースト・スケーリング(BWS) により把握した。その結果, 人々は知床の原生的な自然環境や日本の最北東端に位置するという地理的な特徴に最も魅力を感じており, 次いで, 知床の豊かで固有性の高い地域資源に魅力を感じていることがわかった。また, ランダムパラメータモデルによる推定の結果, アウトドア体験やエコツアーへの参加, 野生動物との遭遇については, 選好の多様性が大きいことがわかった。
• Hikers' willingness to participate in the trail maintenance in Daisetsuzan National Park

  Aikoh Tetsuya, Saitoh Hiromichi, Kamei Tasuku  The Japanese Forest Society Congress  127-  (0)  799  -799  2016  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  [in Japanese]
• Visitor preference of the recreational use of small drones in Daisetsuzan National Park, northern Japan

  Taoka Takumi, Shoji Yasushi, Aikoh Tetsuya, Saitoh Hiromichi  The Japanese Forest Society Congress  127-  (0)  792  -792  2016  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  [in Japanese]
• Visitors' Attitudes to Feeding wildlife in a Suburban forest and a national park

  Inaba Ayaka, Aikoh Tetuya  The Japanese Forest Society Congress  127-  (0)  791  -791  2016  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  [in Japanese]
• Governance and Consensus Building of National Parks (A Forum in the Meeting of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture in 2015) (in Japanese)

  Kiyotatsu YAMAMOTO, Katsunori FURUYA, Tetsuya AIKOH, Nobuhiko TANAKA, Toshiyuki TSUCHIYA, Mitsuyuki OKAMOTO, Toshinori TANAKA, Mari FUJIMOTO  Landscape Research Japan  79-  (3)  273  -273  2015/10  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 国立公園の有料化に対する利用者の意識 : アメリカ有料化実証実験と大雪山における意識調査から (特集 入山料を問う)

  愛甲 哲也  観光文化 = Tourism culture : 機関誌  39-  (3)  9  -14  2015/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 九州の国立公園における地域との協働

  山本清龍, 田中伸彦, 古谷勝則, 田村省二, 愛甲哲也  ランドスケープ研究  78-  (4)  370  2015/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Feeding wild animals in the suburban forest and visitors' attitudes.

  inaba ayaka, Aiko Tetuya  The Japanese Forest Society Congress  126-  (0)  816  -816  2015  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  [in Japanese]
• Transition of the concept of nature conservation on park planning and boundary changes in National Parks, Japan.

  yu chen, Aikou Tetsuya  The Japanese Forest Society Congress  126-  (0)  815  -815  2015  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  [in Japanese]
• Visitors' attitudes toward traffic control and their crowding perception in World heritage site.

  Aikoh Tetsuya, Saitoh Yuta, Shoji Yasushi  The Japanese Forest Society Congress  126-  (0)  819  -819  2015  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  [in Japanese]
• Does providing information to visitors reduce conflicts with brown bears?

  Tsujita Akane, Kubo Takahiro, Shoji Yasushi, Aikoh Tetsuya  The Japanese Forest Society Congress  126-  (0)  818  -818  2015  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  [in Japanese]
• 3. Issues in Planning and Management in the Japanese National Park System (Toward new Management of Japan's National Parks: Evolving Needs and Institutional Responses, 2014 Spring Symposium held by the Japanese Forest Economic Society):Perspectives from Daisetsuzan National Park

  AIKOH Tetsuya  FOREST ECONOMY  67-  (11)  12  -13  2015  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Trail Management Standards and Collaborative Trail Management in Daisetsuzan National Park

  愛甲 哲也  ランドスケープ研究 : 日本造園学会誌 : journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture  78-  (3)  240  -243  2014/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Monitoring Users at Natural Parks : Current State and Issues

  愛甲 哲也  國立公園 = National parks  (726)  3  -6  2014/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• モーリー・インタビュー エコ最前線(35)山のトイレ問題改善へ 登山者から恩返しを : 北海道大学大学院農学研究院・准教授 愛甲哲也さん

  愛甲 哲也, 小川 巌  モーリー : 北海道ネーチャーマガジン : Hokkaido nature magazine mally  (36)  52  -55  2014/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 自然公園研究の国際的動向とわが国の課題 (特集 国際的な視野から見た観光研究)

  愛甲 哲也  観光文化 = Tourism culture : 機関誌  38-  (2)  25  -28  2014/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 震災復興と国立公園

  山本清龍, 田中伸彦, 愛甲哲也, 古谷勝則, 田村省二, 古田尚也, 海津ゆりえ  ランドスケープ研究  77-  (4)  334  -335  2014/01/30  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Analysis of Seasonal Differences of Children's Urban Park Usage in Snow Cold District

  SHIINO Akio, AIKOH Tetsuya  Landscape Research Japan Online  7-  (0)  148  -154  2014  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  This paper aimed at clarifying the current circumstances and seasonal differences of children's outdoor plays, and analyzing the factors that affect their behaviors in snow cold district. As a result of questionnaire survey, 1,390 children responded effective answers, and following points were made clear: 1. Frequency and travel time from their own home to children's outdoor playground both felled-off in winter period, 2. Open spaces located close to children's own home were more frequently used as their playground in winter, 3. Parents' opinions about their children's outdoor play in winter affected the frequency of children's outdoor plays, 4. Changing patterns of children's urban park uses between summer and winter were not changed in a single uniform way, but changed into three typical types, such as Type I: use decreased in winter period, Type II: continually used through a whole year, and Type III: use increased in winter period.
• Issues and visitation monitoring in suburban natural trails in Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

  Aikoh Tetsuya, Wei Tzu-chi  The Japanese Forest Society Congress  125-  (0)  247  -247  2014  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  [in Japanese]
• Trade-offs between biodiversity and ecosystem services: implications for sustainable city planning

  Soga Masashi, Yamaura Yuichi, Koike Shinsuke, Aikoh Tetsuya, Kubo Takahiro, Shoji Yasushi, Gaston Kevin J  The Japanese Forest Society Congress  125-  (0)  741  -741  2014  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  [in Japanese]
• 札幌市街地における鳥類分布と将来予測―NDVIを用いて―

  中島夕里, 山浦悠一, 赤坂卓美, 愛甲哲也, 三島啓雄, 森本淳子, 中村太士  日本生態学会大会講演要旨集  60th-  168  2013/03/05  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Current Status and Issues of Risk Management in the Oirase Stream Area, Towada-Hachimantai National Park, Japan : From the Viewpoints of Visitors' Preferences as Well as Management Practices

  MINAKAMI Shin, SHIBASAKI Shigemitsu, AIKOH Tetsuya, TSUGE Takahiro, SHOJI Yasushi, YAMAKI Kazushige, YAMAMOTO Kiyotatsu  Journal of Forest Economics  59-  (3)  10  -20  2013  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  This paper aims to clarify the status and issues of risk management in the Oirase Stream Area (OSA). First of all, a visitor questionnaire was carried out in the OSA in October 2009. The respondents were asked to answer questions such as notion of self-responsibility for accidents. The survey showed that respondents could be divided into 4 groups with regard to risk preferences. While around 90% of respondents hoped more recreation facilities should be built for safety, a small portion of respondents agreed to the notion of self-responsibility even in case of the OSA. Furthermore, risk management practices in the OSA were investigated by taking interviews to public authorities. After an accident happened in the OSA in 2003, the public authorities more frequently conducted inspections of fallen trees and fallen branches in advance. Also the Aomori Prefecture signed the facility liability insurance. There, however, still exits potential risks such as inadequate infrastructure and ambiguous borders among stakeholders. More collaborative actions such as establishing a liaison council could be needed.
• Overseas Natural Parks Information : Action of the risk management at national parks in New Zealand

  愛甲 哲也  國立公園 = National parks  (706)  23  -26  2012/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Research Trends in Landscape Design and Planning

  愛甲 哲也  ランドスケープ研究 : 日本造園学会誌 : journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture  76-  (1)  17  -21  2012/04  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 知床国立公園における交通シミュレーション

  蜂谷菜保子, 愛甲哲也, 庄子康, 西成活裕, 佐竹暁子  日本生態学会大会講演要旨集  58th-  2011
• A Comment for Publishing the Special Issue

  AIKOH Tetsuya, SHIBASAKI Shigemitsu  Journal of Forest Economics  57-  (3)  1  -1  2011  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• "Green Environmental History of Hokkaido" by TAWARA Hiromi (Book Review)

  AIKOH Tetsuya  FOREST ECONOMY  64-  (2)  20  -22  2011  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Characteristics of Accidents According to Southern Routes in the Climbing at Mount Fuji (in Japanese)

  Kiyotatsu YAMAMOTO, Takahiro TSUGE, Yasushi SHOJI, Shigemitsu SHIBASAKI, Tetsuya AIKOH, Kazushige YAMAKI  Annual Autumn Meeting 2008 of Japanese Forest Economic Society (PDF available on the Society website)  2010/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• レクリエーション地域における一般市民のリスク認識－WEBアンケート調査の結果から

  庄子康, 柘植隆宏, 愛甲哲也, 柴崎茂光, 久保雄広, 山本清龍, 八巻一成  林業経済学会2010年秋季大会発表要旨  2010/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 国立公園における利用者の安全・安心対策の現状

  柴崎茂光, 小野寺伸, 愛甲哲也, 柘植隆宏, 庄子康, 八巻一成, 山本清龍  林業経済学会2010年秋季大会発表要旨  2010/11  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 知床国立公園における交通量のシュミレーション

  蜂谷菜保子, 庄子康, 愛甲哲也, 西成活裕, 佐竹暁子  日本生態学会大会講演要旨集  57th-  2010
• 知床国立公園における交通量シミュレーション

  蜂谷菜保子, 愛甲哲也, 庄子康, 西成活裕, 佐竹暁子  日本数理生物学会大会講演要旨集  20th-  2010
• A case study of the evaluation of natural trails based on the ROS concept in Rebun Island

  kumagai reina, aikoh tetsuya  The Japanese Forest Society Congress  121-  (0)  442  -442  2010  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Relatioship between the national park plan and the national forest plan in Shikotsu-Toya National Park

  AIKOH Tetsuya, TOMIDOKORO Yasuko  JILA Annual Scientific Research Meeting Abstracts  2010-  (0)  27  -27  2010  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  In Japanese national parks, the designation of a park and its zoning boundaries is influenced by land ownership. There has been criticism that zoning is influenced by timber production or other commercial activities. We examined the relationship between the national park plan and national forest plan in the Shikotsu-Jozankei area in Shikotsu-Toya National Park. We overlaid the national forest management plan map with the park plan map using a GIS. We found that half of the park boundaries have commonality with a national forest unit and 36% with municipal boundaries. The special protection zone and special zone I of the national park plan are similar to the Protection Forest in a national forest. Special zone II is similar to the Recreation Forest in a national forest. National forest functional zones have many similarities with national park zoning. These results clarified the significant effect of a national forest plan on the definition of national park zoning.
• Keeping the distant mountains forever: research on impacts to camping sites by access to Mt. Daisetsuzan

  愛甲 哲也  National parks  (674)  5  -7  2009/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Annual fluctuation of urban forest visitors:A case study in Nopporo Forest Park, Hokkaido, Japan

  Aikoh Tetsuya, Tani Ayane, Kaise Mao, Abe Reina  The Japanese Forest Society Congress  120-  (0)  75  -75  2009  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 公園緑地の利用と調査(3)公園利用調査の管理・計画への応用 (平成19年度日本造園学会全国大会分科会報告)

  青木 陽二, 小林 昭裕, 愛甲 哲也  ランドスケープ研究  71-  (4)  389  -394  2008/02  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 日本とオーストリアにおける戸外活動の比較調査の経緯と実施

  青木 陽二, 愛甲 哲也  環境情報科学  36-  (4)  88  -89  2008/01/24  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Standards of facility management by ROS in Daisetsuzan National Park

  Aikoh Tetsuya, Shoji Yasushi, Yamaki Kazushige  The Japanese Forest Society Congress  119-  (0)  251  -251  2008  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Analysis of Economical Effect of Green Spaces on Land Price in Residential Areas by Hedonic Approach

  AIKOH Tetsuya, SAKIYAMA Naruko, SHOJI Yasushi  JILA Annual Scientific Research Meeting Abstracts  2008-  (0)  65  -65  2008  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Green spaces in residential areas have various functions, such as for recreational activities, making the place beautiful and so on. In this research, we investigated the economic effect of green spaces on the land prices in the residential area of Sapporo City, through an environmental economics technique. Factors contributing to the formation of the posted land price for the residential area in Sapporo City were identified by the hedonic approach. Results showed that the size of the nearest park or the ratio of green space surrounding the land contributed to the formation of the land price in addition to the area, shape, zoning and the access conditions such as the distance to the closest station and school. Therefore, the building and conservation of green spaces seems to be one clear option for raising the asset value of the residential area.
• A study of landscape management in nature-based tourism development in gateway cities

  愛甲 哲也, 小林 昭裕  開発こうほう  (531)  28  -32  2007/10  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Comparison of ITS region in Papaver fauriei with that in its closely-related species P. miyabeanum

  YOSHIDA E., YAMAGISHI M., TAKAHASHI H., AIKOH T., KONDO T.  園芸学研究. 別冊, 園芸学会大会研究発表要旨  6-  (2)  291  -291  2007/09/29  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Analysis of ITS regions in wild and cultivated plants of Papaver fauriei endemic to Rishiri Island

  YOSHIDA E., YAMAGISHI M., AIKOH T., KONDO T.  園芸学研究. 別冊, 園芸学会大会研究発表要旨  6-  (1)  202  -202  2007/03/24  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Comment (National Parks and Forest Management: Their Establishment, Principples and Reality, Sixth Symposium of Forest Economic Research Institute)

  AIKOH Tetsuya  FOREST ECONOMY  59-  (12)  19  -20  2007  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Monitoring and modeling of visitors in urban forest

  Aikoh Tetsuya, Abe Reina, Kaise Mao  The Japanese Forest Society Congress  118-  (0)  206  -206  2007  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Recreational use of dog walkers and their attitudes in urban open space

  Aikoh Tetsuya, Asakawa Shoichiro  JILA Annual Scientific Research Meeting Abstracts  2007-  (0)  9  -9  2007  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Recreational use of dog walkers in urban open space is one of the concerned issues by managers. There are complains from other visitors, such as unpicked feces, unleashed dogs, or threatening children. In this study, three different types of urban open space were chosen, then dog walkers' behaviors and their attitudes were surveyed. In the public park, dog walkers and other visitors were sharing same space and time. In the dog run, dog walkers took their dogs a few times a week, and let them run freely. In the exterior of one public facility, dog walkers took their dogs frequently to let them run freely. Consequently, this public space was used as if a dog run. To prevent the conflict between dog walkers and other visitors, manner training and some rules are needed, and besides various types of open spaces should be offered.
• 最近の研究から 望ましい登山道の管理と整備とは?--大雪山と利尻山における研究と取組みより

  愛甲 哲也  国立公園  (650)  18  -21  2007/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 公園緑地の利用と調査2

  青木 陽二, 愛甲 哲也  ランドスケープ研究 : 日本造園学会誌 : journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture  70-  (2)  158  -161  2006/10/20  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 『技術委員会パークマスター調査研究会平成17年度調査報告書』

  淺川昭一郎, 愛甲哲也, 松島肇  -45 pp.  2006  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• The relationships between national park planning and national forest planning in Shikotsu-Jyozankei Area, Shikotsu Toya National Park, Japan

  Aikoh Tetsuya, Tomidokoro Yasuko  The Japanese Forest Society Congress  117-  (0)  212  -212  2006  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• A Study on Evaluations of Trail Maintenance by Hikers and Stakeholders

  Aikoh Tetsuya, Kobayashi Akihiro, Shoji Yasushi, Yamaki Kazushige  JILA Annual Scientific Research Meeting Abstracts  2006-  (0)  64  -64  2006  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Trail degradations have been found in popular mountainous natural parks in Japan. For maintenance of trails, managers should pay attention to the attitudes of hikers and stakeholders, and they should get the consensus for the ideal maintenance method of trails with hikers and concerned stakeholders. The method that demonstrates projected trail maintenance method is needed. In this paper, we compared the hikers' evaluation of trail condition and the image of trail maintenance between on-site survey and mail-back survey at Daisetsuzan National Park, Japan. We also applied photo-montage method to evaluate projected trail maintenance by stakeholders using conjoint analysis. There were little differences between on-site hikers evaluation and mail-back evaluation. The results also didn't show any differences between labeled photos and unlabeled photos. The results of conjoint analysis showed that stakeholders considered the importance of limit of use level less than trail surface maintenance. Stakeholders preferred boardwalk at Susoaidaira where are flat and muddy area.
• 自然公園の社会的収容力--大雪山における登山者の混雑感研究より (特集2:自然公園の収容力)

  愛甲 哲也  国立公園  (636)  28  -31  2005/09  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Changing access at Mt. Tomurausi in Daisetsuzan National Park

  Aikoh Tetsuya, Kawaguchi Keisuke  The Japanese Forest Society Congress  116-  (0)  234  -234  2005  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Attitudes of Hikers and Stakeholders about Trail Maintenance at Mt.Rishirisan

  Aikoh Tetsuya, Noritomi Tsuyoshi  JILA Annual Scientific Research Meeting Abstracts  2005-  (0)  54  -54  2005  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Trail degradations have been found in most mountainous natural parks in Japan. For maintenance of trails, managers should pay attention to the attitudes of visitors and stakeholders, and they should get the consensus for the ideal maintenance method of trails with visitors and concerned stakeholders. The method that demonstrates projected trail maintenance measure is needed. Moreover managers should understand that the attitudes of hikers and stakeholders about trail maintenance are not always similar. In this paper, we applied photo-montage method to evaluate projected trail maintenance, and analyzed the differences of evaluations of hikers and stakeholders at Mt. Rishirisan in Rishiri Rebun Sarobetsu National Park, Japan. Stakeholders recognized trail impacts, and they felt necessity of some measures more than hikers did, especially around the summit of Mt. Rishirisan. Stakeholders and hikers evaluated the photograph which has steps with logs higher than other photographs. Hikers and stakeholders gave priority over the protection of vegetations and soils around trails. Stakeholders wanted the slight trail maintenance, the PR of the place where trails were degraded and the council which public administrators and local people would discuss the management of the mountain.
• On the Conservation of Coastal Area Scenic Resources in Hokkaido, Japan

  MATSUSHIMA Hajime, ASAKAWA Shoichiro, AIKOH Tetsuya  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture  65-  (5)  633  -636  2002/03/30  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Comparison of coastal landscape resources and land-uses on Hokkaido were discussed in this paper. Conservation of landscape resources, particularly natural coasts, were disturbed by their land-uses. Comparison of the changes in natural coastal areas belonging to natural parks versus those not belonging to natural parks, revealed almost no changes in the former but decreases in the latter, and in particular decreases of sandy gravel coasts. This could be explained by the fact that the management level of coastal areas belonging to natural parks is not as intensive as of those not belonging to. Since the proportion of the sandy gravel coasts in natural park areas has the lowest percentage compared to cliff and rock formations, their preservation and management should be considered.
• Mountain Area Management by Alpine Clubs in Hokkaido, Japan

  NAKANE Kazuyuki, AIKOH Tetsuya, ASAKAWA Shoichiro  Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture  65-  (5)  653  -658  2002/03/30  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Summary: The social and ecological impacts caused by the increased number of visitors in the mountains, many of which designated as National Parks, should be considered. Though there are mountaineers involved with the management of some areas, but the structure of their organizations, the nature of their activities as well as the problems they face are unknown. In order to obtain information about this, 225 alpine clubs in Hokkaido were surveyed by a questionnaire, the response rate of which was 61.3%. It became clear that many of the alpine clubs maintain and keep tidy trails and huts, protect land, train climbers and attitudes, and arrange climbing meetings. While involved in management activities, these clubs, regional federations of alpine clubs and volunteer organizations, have played an important role in liaising with other institutions, such as local authorities and foresters. Among the difficulties these clubs had faced were the lack of volunteers, various obstacles as well as the lack of established communications between them and the administration. It could be concluded that providing administrative support and working in collaboration with these clubs could help to obtain a successful management of the mountain areas.
• Applying a Photographic Approach to Estimate Visitors’ Perceptions of Crowding to Determine Acceptable Limits of Encounters in Natural Parks

  Aikoh Tetsuya, Cheng Chiasheng, Asakawa Shoichiro  JILA Annual Scientific Research Meeting Abstracts  65-  (0)  63  -63  2002  [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  利用者の心理的側面から自然公園の収容力を設定するため, 混雑感や許容限界の把握手法が検討されてきた。しかし, 許容限界を数値で指摘させる手法では, 利用密度の高い区域での指摘率の低さなどの問題点も指摘されている。本研究では, 大雪山国立公園姿見地区の利用者を対象に, 利用状況の異なる場面を想定した写真により, 混雑感と許容限界を把握し, その特性について検討した。許容限界の指摘率は数値で指摘させた過去の事例に比べ高く, 利用状況を想定しやすく, 回答しやすかったと考えられた。しかし, 写真中の利用者数と混雑感に一貫した関係がみられない場合もあり, 利用者の位置や構成に検討が必要なことが示された。
• イメージから創造へ--新たなニワを創る(その7)カムイミンタラ(神々の遊ぶ庭)のこれから

  愛甲 哲也  緑の読本  0-  (56)  1599  -1605  2000/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 「北海道における海岸景観の形態とその評価－胆振海岸を中心にして－」

  長谷川茂  『河川環境総合研究所報告』  3-  175  -184  1997  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  

Books etc

• はじめて学ぶ生物文化多様性

  敷田, 麻実, 湯本, 貴和, 森重, 昌之, ドウノ, ヨシノブ 
  講談社 2020 (ISBN: 9784065187227) x, 213p
• 自然保護と利用のアンケート調査 : 公園管理・野生動物・観光のための社会調査ハンドブック

  愛甲 哲也, 庄子 康, 栗山 浩一 
  築地書館 2016 (ISBN: 9784806715160)
• 地域資源を守っていかすエコツーリズムー人と自然の共生システム

  愛甲 哲也 (Joint work第2章１「エコツアーによる自然環境への影響とモニタリング」、第2章３「自然観光資源の現場のマネジメント」、第3章3「エコツーリズムと法制度」、第4章5「エコツーリズム対象地の評価ー沖縄県」)
  講談社 2011
• 利用者の行動と体験

  小林 昭裕, 愛甲 哲也, 加藤 峰夫, 中島 尚子, 青木 宏一郎, 青木 陽二, 小口 傑, 枚田 邦宏, 山口 和男, 庄子 康, 八巻 一成, 松島 肇, 麻生 恵, 一場 博幸, 下嶋 聖, 橋爪 智也 
  古今書院 2008 (ISBN: 9784772241038)
• 登山道の保全と管理

  古今書院 2008
• 北のランドスケープ

  環境コミュニケーションズ 2007
• 山のデータブック第1集

  NPO法人山のECHO 2006

Presentations

• 大雪山を取り巻く新たな保全の取り組み：今年度まとめ  [Invited]

  愛甲 哲也

  第2回 大雪山の「価値」を知り「活かす」ためのフォーラム  2018/12
• 大雪山を取り巻く新たな保全の取り組み：第1回まとめ  [Invited]

  愛甲 哲也

  第1回 大雪山の「価値」を知り「活かす」ためのフォーラム  2018/10
• 登山者協働による山岳地の管理ー大雪山とアディロンダックの事例から  [Not invited]

  愛甲 哲也

  山形大学農学部一般公開講演会  2018/09
• ひとと自然の150年  [Invited]

  愛甲 哲也

  第101回サイエンス・カフェ札幌  2018/08
• 国立公園の観光利用と自然保護  [Invited]

  愛甲 哲也

  オンネトー・雌阿寒岳を生かしたまちづくり取組報告会  2018/03
• 大雪山圏域の新たな地域づくりを目指して（今年度まとめ、提言）  [Invited]

  愛甲 哲也

  第2回 大雪山の「価値」を知り「活かす」ためのフォーラム  2018/02
• 大雪山で携帯トイレの利用を広めるためには  [Invited]

  愛甲 哲也

  大雪山国立公園における携帯トイレ普及に向けたシンポジウム  2018/01
• 大雪山圏域の新たな地域づくりを目指して（まとめ）  [Invited]

  愛甲 哲也

  第1回 大雪山の「価値」を知り「活かす」ためのフォーラム  2017/12
• 国立公園にふさわしい利用を実現するためのプロセス ~支笏湖・知床の対比から  [Invited]

  愛甲 哲也

  第11回自然公園研究会「自然観光地にふさわしい利用を実現するための仕組みを考える」  2017/12
• 現地アンケートの実際（3）社会心理学からのアプローチー満足度・混雑感  [Invited]

  愛甲 哲也

  平成29年度第81回「京都大学 食と農のマネジメント・セミナー」  2017/11
• 登山道の整備水準について  [Invited]

  愛甲 哲也

  長野県環境部「登山道整備を考える勉強会」  2017/05
• 自然保護地域管理・利用規制の評価  [Invited]

  愛甲 哲也

  環境研究総合推進費シンポジウム「持続可能な地域社会と自然保護地域」  2016/11
• 大雪山の価値と未来に向かって…  [Not invited]

  愛甲 哲也

  平成28年度第1回 大雪山の「価値」について考えるフォーラム in 東川町  2016/11
• パネルディスカッション司会  [Not invited]

  愛甲 哲也

  第21回大雪山国立公園フォーラム「大雪山の登山道を守るしくみを考えよう」  2016/07
• 「山岳地・トレイルの協働型管理を考える」コーディネーター  [Invited]

  愛甲 哲也

  第8回自然公園研究会「山岳地・トレイルの協働型管理を考える」  2016/02
• Collaborative management of national parks in Japan  [Invited]

  AIKOH Tetsuya

  Problems of Collaborative Management in Protected Areas in East Asia  2015/11
• 「自然公園の有料化・入場料を考える」コーディネーター  [Invited]

  愛甲 哲也

  第4回自然公園研究会「自然公園の有料化・入場料を考える」  2013/09
• 利用者数調査の現状と海外の事例  [Invited]

  愛甲 哲也

  第3回自然公園研究会「自然公園の利用者数調査を考える」  2013/05
• 札幌市街地における鳥類分布と将来予測―NDVIを用いて―  [Not invited]

  中島夕里, 山浦悠一, 赤坂卓美, 愛甲哲也, 三島啓雄, 森本淳子, 中村太士

  日本生態学会大会講演要旨集  2013/03
• Visitors’ attitudes toward introducing a new visitor management program into a brown bear habitat in Japan  [Not invited]

  Tetsuya Aikoh, Kazuki Ohba, Yasushi Shoji, Takahiro Kubo

  The 6th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas  2012/08
• The footprints of tourism: Environmental sensitivity and impact of tourism on hiking trails in Iceland and Japan  [Not invited]

  Harald Schaller, Rannveig Ólafsdóttir, Tetsuya Aikoh

  The 6th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas  2012/08
• 知床国立公園における交通シミュレーション  [Not invited]

  蜂谷菜保子, 愛甲哲也, 庄子康, 西成活裕, 佐竹暁子

  日本生態学会大会講演要旨集  2011/03
• CURRENT SITUATIONS AND ISSUES OF RISK MANAGEMENT IN PROTECTED AREAS; A CASE STUDY OF THE OIRASE STREAM AREAS IN TOWADA- HACHIMANTAI NATIONAL PARK, JAPAN  [Not invited]

  SHIBASAKI S, ONODERA, S, AIKOH, T, TSUGE, T, SHOJI, Y, YAMAKI, K

  THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF VISITOR FLOWS IN RECREATIONAL AND PROTECTED AREAS  2010/05
• ROSの概念を用いた自然歩道の現況評価—礼文島を事例として—  [Not invited]

  熊谷怜奈, 愛甲哲也

  日本森林学会大会学術講演集(CD−ROM)  2010/04
• 知床国立公園における交通量のシュミレーション  [Not invited]

  蜂谷菜保子, 庄子康, 愛甲哲也, 西成活裕, 佐竹暁子

  日本生態学会大会講演要旨集  2010/03
• The frequency of scraping trees by kayaking in mangrove estuary in Okinawa, Japan  [Not invited]

  Book of Abstracts The Fifth International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas  2010
• Visitors’ attitudes to the collection of voluntary fees in national parks in Japan  [Not invited]

  Book of Abstracts The Fifth International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas  2010
• The relationship between urban forest visitors' motivations and their behavior in Nopporo Forest, Hokkaido, Japan  [Not invited]

  Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Urban Biodiversity and Design  2010
• 知床国立公園における交通量シミュレーション  [Not invited]

  蜂谷菜保子, 愛甲哲也, 庄子康, 西成活裕, 佐竹暁子

  日本数理生物学会大会講演要旨集  2010
• 都市近郊林における利用者数の年間変動について野幌森林公園を事例として  [Not invited]

  愛甲哲也, 谷彩音, 阿部玲奈, 貝瀬真緒

  日本森林学会大会学術講演集(CD−ROM)  2009/03
• Developing sustainable tourism planning framework in Okinawa, Japan  [Not invited]

  Proceeding of 15th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management  2009
• Inventory of ROS settings for tourist destinations in subtropical islands, Okinawa, Japan  [Not invited]

  Proceeding of 15th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management  2009
• Designating and zoning issues of the natural park system in Japan  [Not invited]

  Proceeding of 15th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management  2009
• 積雪寒冷地における異なる街区公園の周辺住民の利用実態と意識について  [Not invited]

  谷彩音, 愛甲哲也, 大友雅子

  北海道都市地域学会研究発表会梗概集  2008/09
• 大雪山国立公園におけるROSによる施設整備水準の検討  [Not invited]

  愛甲哲也, 庄子康, 八巻一成

  日本森林学会大会学術講演集(CD-ROM)  2008/03
• Comparison of motivations and crowding preferences between Austrian and Japanese urban forest visitors  [Not invited]

  Proceedings of the fourth international conference on monitoring and management of visitor flows in recreational and protected areas  2008
• Analysis of Economical Effect of Green Spaces on Land Price in Residential Areas by Hedonic Approach  [Not invited]

  AIKOH Tetsuya, SAKIYAMA Naruko, SHOJI Yasushi

  JILA Annual Scientific Research Meeting Abstracts  2008 

  Green spaces in residential areas have various functions, such as for recreational activities, making the place beautiful and so on. In this research, we investigated the economic effect of green spaces on the land prices in the residential area of Sapporo City, through an environmental economics technique. Factors contributing to the formation of the posted land price for the residential area in Sapporo City were identified by the hedonic approach. Results showed that the size of the nearest park or the ratio of green space surrounding the land contributed to the formation of the land price in addition to the area, shape, zoning and the access conditions such as the distance to the closest station and school. Therefore, the building and conservation of green spaces seems to be one clear option for raising the asset value of the residential area.
• Comparison of ITS region in Papaver fauriei with that in its closely-related species P. miyabeanum  [Not invited]

  YOSHIDA E, YAMAGISHI M, TAKAHASHI H, AIKOH T, KONDO T

  園芸学会雑誌. 別冊, 園芸学会大会研究発表  2007/09
• リシリヒナゲシ(Papaver fauriei)とその近縁種であるチシマヒナゲシ(P.miyabeanum)のITS領域の比較  [Not invited]

  吉田恵理, 山岸真澄, 高橋英樹, 愛甲哲也, 近藤哲也

  園芸学研究 別冊  2007/09
• 都市近郊林における利用者モニタリングと利用動態の予測  [Not invited]

  愛甲哲也, 阿部玲奈, 貝瀬真緒

  日本森林学会大会学術講演集(CD-ROM)  2007/04
• Analysis of ITS regions in wild and cultivated plants of Papaver fauriei endemic to Rishiri Island  [Not invited]

  YOSHIDA E, YAMAGISHI M, AIKOH T, KONDO T

  園芸学会雑誌. 別冊, 園芸学会大会研究発表  2007/03
• 利尻島固有種であるリシリヒナゲシ(Papaver fauriei)における自生個体群と栽培個体群のITS領域の解析  [Not invited]

  吉田恵理, 山岸真澄, 愛甲哲也, 近藤哲也

  園芸学研究 別冊  2007/03
• Recreational use of dog walkers and their attitudes in urban open space  [Not invited]

  Aikoh Tetsuya, Asakawa Shoichiro

  JILA Annual Scientific Research Meeting Abstracts  2007 

  Recreational use of dog walkers in urban open space is one of the concerned issues by managers. There are complains from other visitors, such as unpicked feces, unleashed dogs, or threatening children. In this study, three different types of urban open space were chosen, then dog walkers' behaviors and their attitudes were surveyed. In the public park, dog walkers and other visitors were sharing same space and time. In the dog run, dog walkers took their dogs a few times a week, and let them run freely. In the exterior of one public facility, dog walkers took their dogs frequently to let them run freely. Consequently, this public space was used as if a dog run. To prevent the conflict between dog walkers and other visitors, manner training and some rules are needed, and besides various types of open spaces should be offered.
• 札幌市創成川通を事例とした都心の水辺空間の整備に関する市民の意向  [Not invited]

  松島肇, 愛甲哲也

  北海道都市地域学会研究発表会梗概集  2006/08
• 支笏洞爺国立公園支笏定山渓地域にみる公園計画と国有林森林計画との関係  [Not invited]

  愛甲哲也, 富所康子

  日本森林学会大会学術講演集(CD-ROM)  2006/04
• A Study on Evaluations of Trail Maintenance by Hikers and Stakeholders  [Not invited]

  Aikoh Tetsuya, Kobayashi Akihiro, Shoji Yasushi, Yamaki Kazushige

  JILA Annual Scientific Research Meeting Abstracts  2006 

  Trail degradations have been found in popular mountainous natural parks in Japan. For maintenance of trails, managers should pay attention to the attitudes of hikers and stakeholders, and they should get the consensus for the ideal maintenance method of trails with hikers and concerned stakeholders. The method that demonstrates projected trail maintenance method is needed. In this paper, we compared the hikers' evaluation of trail condition and the image of trail maintenance between on-site survey and mail-back survey at Daisetsuzan National Park, Japan. We also applied photo-montage method to evaluate projected trail maintenance by stakeholders using conjoint analysis. There were little differences between on-site hikers evaluation and mail-back evaluation. The results also didn't show any differences between labeled photos and unlabeled photos. The results of conjoint analysis showed that stakeholders considered the importance of limit of use level less than trail surface maintenance. Stakeholders preferred boardwalk at Susoaidaira where are flat and muddy area.
• 緑地環境に着目した北海道大学とマサチューセッツ大学のキャンパス比較  [Not invited]

  松島肇, 淺川昭一郎, 愛甲哲也

  北海道都市地域学会研究発表会梗概集  2005/08
• 大雪山トムラウシ山周辺におけるアクセス変化  [Not invited]

  愛甲哲也, 川口恵典, 丹下修平

  日本森林学会大会講演要旨集(CD-ROM)  2005/03
• Attitudes of Hikers and Stakeholders about Trail Maintenance at Mt.Rishirisan  [Not invited]

  Aikoh Tetsuya, Noritomi Tsuyoshi

  JILA Annual Scientific Research Meeting Abstracts  2005 

  Trail degradations have been found in most mountainous natural parks in Japan. For maintenance of trails, managers should pay attention to the attitudes of visitors and stakeholders, and they should get the consensus for the ideal maintenance method of trails with visitors and concerned stakeholders. The method that demonstrates projected trail maintenance measure is needed. Moreover managers should understand that the attitudes of hikers and stakeholders about trail maintenance are not always similar. In this paper, we applied photo-montage method to evaluate projected trail maintenance, and analyzed the differences of evaluations of hikers and stakeholders at Mt. Rishirisan in Rishiri Rebun Sarobetsu National Park, Japan. Stakeholders recognized trail impacts, and they felt necessity of some measures more than hikers did, especially around the summit of Mt. Rishirisan. Stakeholders and hikers evaluated the photograph which has steps with logs higher than other photographs. Hikers and stakeholders gave priority over the protection of vegetations and soils around trails. Stakeholders wanted the slight trail maintenance, the PR of the place where trails were degraded and the council which public administrators and local people would discuss the management of the mountain.
• 自然の遊び場に対する子どもの意識―子どもの戸外遊び環境としての公園整備に関する研究―  [Not invited]

  曾碩文, 浅川昭一郎, 愛甲哲也

  北海道都市地域学会研究発表会梗概集  2004/08
• Applying a Photographic Approach to Estimate Visitors’ Perceptions of Crowding to Determine Acceptable Limits of Encounters in Natural Parks  [Not invited]

  Aikoh Tetsuya, Cheng Chiasheng, Asakawa Shoichiro

  JILA Annual Scientific Research Meeting Abstracts  2002 

  利用者の心理的側面から自然公園の収容力を設定するため, 混雑感や許容限界の把握手法が検討されてきた。しかし, 許容限界を数値で指摘させる手法では, 利用密度の高い区域での指摘率の低さなどの問題点も指摘されている。本研究では, 大雪山国立公園姿見地区の利用者を対象に, 利用状況の異なる場面を想定した写真により, 混雑感と許容限界を把握し, その特性について検討した。許容限界の指摘率は数値で指摘させた過去の事例に比べ高く, 利用状況を想定しやすく, 回答しやすかったと考えられた。しかし, 写真中の利用者数と混雑感に一貫した関係がみられない場合もあり, 利用者の位置や構成に検討が必要なことが示された。
• ATTITUDES TOWARDS STREET FLOWERS IN SAPPORO  [Not invited]

  Todorova Assenna, Asakawa Shoichiro, Aikoh Tetsuya

  JILA Annual Scientific Research Meeting Abstracts  2002 

  Recently there have been examples of citizen participation in street flower planting and maintenance in many cities around Hokkaido. Flowers planted along the pavement are to be seen in many residential areas of Sapporo. In order to understand residents’ attitudes towards street flowers, a questionnaire was delivered in the Satsunae area of Higashi Naebo, Sapporo, where flowers had been planted in the streets. The results showed strong agreement on the aesthetical contribution of flowers to the streetscape. Factor analysis of the items related to street flowers revealed the following four factors: ‘effort to maintain’, ‘socio-environmental’, ‘aesthetic value/closeness to nature’ and ‘privacy issues’. Cluster analysis based on factor scores divided the sample into three groups according their attitudes to street flowers. People in Cluster 1 appeared to have negative attitudes as a whole. Representatives of Cluster 2, who were mostly in their 40s and 50s, could be named as the ‘socially oriented’ group whereas those in Cluster 3 appeared to be the aesthetically appreciative group.
• On the Conservation of Coastal Area Scenic Resources in Hokkaido, Japan  [Not invited]

  Matsushima Hajime, Asakawa Shoichiro, Aikoh Tetsuya

  JILA Annual Scientific Research Meeting Abstracts  2002 

  Comparison of coastal landscape resources and land-uses on Hokkaido were discussed in this paper. Conservation of landscape resources, particularly natural coasts, were disturbed by their land-uses. Comparison of the changes in natural coastal areas belonging to natural parks versus those not belonging to natural parks, revealed almost no changes in the former but decreases in the latter, and in particular decreases of sandy gravel coasts. This could be explained by the fact that the management level of coastal areas belonging to natural parks is not as intensive as of those not belonging to. Since the proportion of the sandy gravel coasts in natural park areas has the lowest percentage compared to cliff and rock formations, their preservation and management should be considered.
• Mountain Area Management by Alpine Clubs in Hokkaido, Japan  [Not invited]

  Nakane Kazuyuki, Aikoh Tetsuya, Asakawa Shoichiro

  JILA Annual Scientific Research Meeting Abstracts  2002 

  今日多くの山岳自然公園では、登山利用に伴う自然環境、及び利用者への影響が問題となり対策が求められている。各地から登山者による管理活動が報告されているが、その内容や組織体制、活動に伴う課題は明らかでない。本研究では北海道の山岳会を対象に郵送でアンケート調査を行い、その結果、登山道や山小屋等施設の清掃や修復、監視、技術指導、登山会の開催等の活動が明らかになった。また、山岳会、地区連盟、ボランティア団体が、山岳地管理の組織化と対外的な応対を行っていた事例がみられた。一方、参加者不足、活動の負担、連携不足が問題として挙げられ、行政による支援と制度上の位置付けが必要と考えられた。
• Natural trail management plan in consideration of walkability, visual quality and congestion  [Not invited]

  IFLA Eastern Regional Conference '00 Proceedings Book  2000

Association Memberships

• ASSOCIATION FOR CHILDREN'S ENVIRONMENT   日本園芸学会   林業経済学会   保護地域利用者モニタリング管理国際集会（MMV - The International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas ）   国際社会自然資源学会(International Association for Society & Natural Resources)   日本森林学会   日本都市計画学会   日本造園学会   City Planning Institute of Japan   

Works

• 第2回地域指定制自然公園の有効性・課題検証国内専門家会合、報告「大雪山国立公園における登山道管理水準と維持管理体制の現状と課題」

  2011
• 学会報告

  2010

Research Projects

• ポストコロナ社会における自然地域の利用モデル構築

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業

  Date (from‐to) : 2022/04 -2025/03 

  Author : 庄子 康, 愛甲 哲也, 栗山 浩一, 柘植 隆宏, 久保 雄広
• 絶滅危惧種の「利用と保全」の順応的ガバナンス構築に向けた学際的研究

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業

  Date (from‐to) : 2021/04 -2025/03 

  Author : 菊地 直樹, 豊田 光世, 高橋 満彦, 愛甲 哲也, 早矢仕 有子
• Promotive, inhibition factor of collaborative open space management with citizens

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

  Date (from‐to) : 2019/04 -2022/03 

  Author : Aikoh Tetsuya

   

  Collaboration with citizens is becoming essential for maintaining and managing public green spaces. Citizen groups and participants are aging, and securing human resources has become an issue. This study conducted a questionnaire survey and group interview surveys on collaboration with citizens in natural and urban parks. We conducted case studies in the management of mountainous areas, grasslands, coastal areas, forests, and urban flower beds and parks. We identified factors that promote or discourage the sustainability of activities, such as the structure of collaboration, the role of intermediate support organizations, and their role in local communities and environmental conservation.
• 観光地域における資源戦略のための地域資源の高度利用プロセスの研究

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

  Date (from‐to) : 2018/04 -2022/03 

  Author : 敷田 麻実, 内田 奈芳美, 森重 昌之, 愛甲 哲也, 坂村 圭, 菊地 直樹, 湯本 貴和, 新 広昭
• Resilience study of tourism governance based on biocultural diversity of the local area

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

  Date (from‐to) : 2014/04 -2019/03 

  Author : SHIKIDA Asami

   

  This research aims to develop the practical model for the recovery of local identity through cultural strategy of the area. The new resources development process by the strategic utilization of cultural service in ecosystem service from a natural environment is described by certain case studies. A socio economic model of tourism governance is proposed by this study. In addition, contribution of tourism governance to the reconciliation of conflicts between urban and non-urban area was identified.
• Evaluation of management effectiveness of biodiversity, recreation, economy and collaboration in national parks

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

  Date (from‐to) : 2014/04 -2017/03 

  Author : Aikoh Tetsuya

   

  The objective of this study is to evaluate the planning and management of national parks from various perspectives like biodiversity, recreational use, economic effects, regional collaboration, etc., and to propose a framework to utilize its effectiveness in management. In the management plan, there have been few examples to address regional future visions. From the case study, the place of discussion by stakeholders is important for sustainable tourism development in protected areas. Volunteers on mountain trails are expected to benefit their lives and health. However, general citizens have not recognized the effects of multifaceted values of national parks. The proposed draft of the management effectiveness evaluation indicators can be utilized in securing transparency of future planning, management and accountability of protected area management.
• A Study on Planning and Management to Protect Rustic Atmosphere of Natural Parks

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

  Date (from‐to) : 2013/04 -2016/03 

  Author : YAMAMOTO Kiyotatsu, AIKOH Tetsuya, HONGO Tetsuro

   

  In Japanese natural parks, such as the country's national parks, overuse of the environment has resulted in the depletion of natural resources and the deterioration of the quality of the natural experience. The purpose of this study is 1) to grasp the state of congestion caused by the concentration of visitors, 2) to clarify the relationship between the level of congestion and the negative impact on visitor experience, and 3) to examine the planning and the management of the parks in order to protect their rustic atmosphere. Based on the study results, the risk of accident caused by visitor congestion was evaluated. The methodology of information dissemination to protect the rustic atmosphere and to manage these risks was also examined. In addition, the impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011 on visitors in national parks was clarified and the role of the parks was examined and discussed.
• The Environment Research and Technology Development Fund

  Ministry of the Environment：環境研究総合推進費

  Date (from‐to) : 2014 -2016 

  Author : Toshiyuki Tsuchiya
• An action research on sustainable resourcization of world natural heritage

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

  Date (from‐to) : 2011/04 -2014/03 

  Author : SHIBASAKI Shigemitsu, AIKOH Tetsuya, AOKI Takahiro, KUMAGAI Yoshitaka, SAITSU Yumiko, NISHITANI Masaru, OKUYAMA Yoichiro, KAWAMURA Kiyoshi, SHOJI Yasushi, HIRATA Kunihiro, YAMAKI Kazushige

   

  This study aims to examine more sustainable management of a world natural heritage site and its adjacent areas in Yakushima Island, including resourcization of local history and folklore. It became more popular that urban residents (women people in particular) who might have influenced by information of travel magazines, travel to Yakushima Island seeking for its wilderness and visit mountain areas such as the Johmon-sugi Cedar. Intensive visitation of mountain areas caused a rise in the percentage of people who felt congestion in peak season. In national forests, there found a lot of forestry remains such as forest railways and settlements; moreover, management system to preserve these remains should be constructed. These remains could be used for educational resources in the medium-term or long-term. It is now a good opportunity for local governments to draw up a comprehensive management plan based on public involvement for diverse resourcization of Yakushima Island.
• Risk Management in National Parks : Suitable System for the Tourism Nation and Aging Society

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

  Date (from‐to) : 2009 -2011 

  Author : AIKOH Tetsuya, YAMAKI Kazushige, SHIBASAKI Shigemitsu, SHOJI Yasushi, TSUGE Takahiro, YAMAMOTO Kiyotatsu

   

  The natural park system in Japan is insufficient for the concept of risk management. This research project aimed to reveal the actual situation and to examine the future possible park management system improvements. Actual accidents and concerns in national parks were reported by park managers. Visitors were asked to answer their attitudes to risk and responsibilities of outdoor activities in Rishirisan, Daisetsuzan, Shiretoko and Oirase. In addition, we investigated the risk management framework of the Department of Conservation, New Zealand, and the evaluation of the protected area effectiveness in Finland. The possibility of applying to Japanese park system was discussed.
• 景観プランニング手法による地域制自然公園の資源分析とゾーニング

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)

  Date (from‐to) : 2004 -2006 

  Author : 愛甲 哲也

   

  支笏洞爺国立公園の支笏定山渓地域を対象にし、現在の自然公園の公園計画の公園界と地種区分界のそれぞれがどのような由来となっているかを地理情報システムにより計測し、その経緯を整理し,分析を行った。昨年度に引き続き,さらに対象箇所を知床国立公園,大雪山国立公園にも拡大し,地図データを入手し,公園計画と国有林の施業計画を重ねあわせ、自然公園の地種区分と、国有林の保安林指定やレクリエーションの森指定の関連を分析した。その結果,相互は依存関係にあり,自然公園の公園計画に生態系やレクリエーション利用に対する明確な配慮がみられないことが明らかとなった。 さらに、国有林の林班を基準に、自然環境資源に関する情報やレクリエーション資源に関する情報を、地理情報システム上で重ね合わせ、統計解析を行い、自然資源保護と利用体験提供の両側面からの林班の価値付けを行った。土壌や植生,地形的特長から,保護の重要性の高い地区から低い地区まで段階的なクラス分けを行い,アクセスや開発の適正,景観的な見通しのよさなどからレクリエーション的にも段階的にクラス分けを行った。それらのクラスを重ねあわせ,保護と利用の相互の関連を分析した。各林班の得点と現状の公園計画の整合性の検討を行った結果,自然公園内の地種区分において必ずしも保護の必要性の高い場所がそのように区分されているわけではないことなどが明らかとなり,景観プランニング手法に基づく今回の手法が今後の公園計画策定の一つとして提案できる。
• 山岳地における登山者の屎尿の影響とその対策に関する研究

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)

  Date (from‐to) : 2001 -2002 

  Author : 愛甲 哲也

   

  山岳地における屎尿処理の影響の評価には、利用者の動態の把握が基礎的情報として欠かせない。しかし山岳地の利用者の把握は、気象条件や地理的条件により制約も多く、役所の統計等のみでは不十分な場合が多い。そこで利尻山の登山口に無人の赤外線カウンターを設置し、1シーズンをとおした登山者数の把握および手法上の問題点を探った。また、屎尿の散乱が見られる場所、登山道の崩壊が著しい場所を記録するために、GPSを用いて地図上に記録した。 夏期の2002年6月18日から8月16日までに鴛泊コースを往復する登山者数は約8,500人と推察された。6月下旬から7月上旬の週末に集中した。時間帯では午前5時台、次に午後3時台が多く、午後9時から午前3時までの夜間にも登山者が計測され、山頂より日の出を見るために夜間に入山する登山者が少なくないことが明らかとなった。 GPSによって記録した、植生が踏みつけられ、大便や使用済みの紙が散乱していた場所と、登山道の崩壊が著しい場所を地図上に記録した。用便が確認されたのは、鴛泊登山口から分岐の間で18箇所(避難小屋周辺含む)、沓形登山口から分岐の間で4箇所(避難小屋周辺含む)、および山頂付近であった。登山道上でもっとも幅員が大きかったのは、沓形コースとの分岐点から直上部の8.6mであった。最も深く登山道が洗掘されていたのは、その上部で、V字型にえぐれ、3mの深さがあった。いずれも火山礫が主体となる標高1,450mから上部である。また利尻山頂上直下では登山道脇の崩落が進んでおり、登山道の幅が1mに満たない箇所もみられた。 赤外線カウンター、GPSを用いることによりインパクトの大きい場所の特定や登山者の動態の把握が可能となり、今後の山岳地管理に有用な情報が得られた。その一方で、カウンターの計測ミスなどの問題も明らかとなり、さらに検討が必要と思われた。
• 山岳地の野営行為が植生の損失と裸地の拡大に及ばす影響

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists (A)

  Date (from‐to) : 1996 -1996 

  Author : 愛甲 哲也

   

  山岳地の野営行為が植生の損失と裸地の拡大に及ばす影響を明らかにするために、大雪山国立公園内のヒサゴ沼キャンプ場において、利用状況(テントの設置位置)、植生(被度、出現種)、土壌(硬度、含水比、仮比重、三相分布、孔隙率、有機物含有量)の調査を行った。 同じサイト内でもテントが常に設置される場所と、まれにテントが設置される場所、テントが設置されない場所があり、野営行為によるインパクトの量が異なることが推察された。 テント設置位置から利用量により調査区を3段階(なし、小、大)に分類し、比較を行った結果、インパクトの程度に違いがみられた。植生に関しては利用量の大きい調査区では、被度が小さく、出現種が少ないことが示された。土壌に関しては、利用量の大きい調査区では硬度(支持強度)は大きく、含水比は低く、仮比重(容積比重)が大きくなることが示された。さらに、利用量の小さい調査区においても利用量の大きい調査区と同程度に気相が減少していることが示された。孔隙率も利用量の大小にかかわらず、利用が行われている調査区では低く、僅かな利用でさえも土壌の固結は生じることが示された。 本研究の結果から、野営行為は僅かな利用でさえも土壌や植生に影響を及ぼしていることが明らかになり、柵の設置等により利用を集中させた方が現段階ではインパクトの軽減につながると予想された。今後の定期的に、利用による植生、土壌への影響についてモニタリングを行っていく必要があると考えられる。
• Landscape Assessment Methods of Agro-Forestory Land

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research

  Date (from‐to) : 1994 -1995 

  Author : ASAKAWA Shoichiro, AHERN Jack F., FABOS Julius Gy., AIKO Tetuya, NAKAMURA Futoshi, YAZAWA Masao, ISHII Yutaka

   

  Professor Jack Ahern was invited to HOkkaido University and Proffessor Ishii, Associate Professor Nakamura and Professor Asakawa visited The University of Massachusetts, Amherst in connection with this research. Through the meetings, which were held at the both Universities, the members of the research have had valuable discussions regarding comparisons of land use and landscape assessments between Japan and the U.S.A.. The especially focused on Hokkaido and Massachusetts. Based on the discussions and studies which have been carried out by each member, we are going to make a report. The subjects included are as follows ; (1)Land use, forest and forest regulation -A comparative study between Massachusetts, Baden-Wuerttemberg and Hokkaido- (2)Comparative studies of land use and landscape changes between metropolitan areas in Hokkaido and Massachusetts (3)Structure and function of riparian zone implications for Japanese river management (4)Visual compatibility and assessments of urban fringe landscapes based on a case study in the northern part of Sapporo city (5)Problems and possibilities of exploring landscape assessment methods which are suitable in Japan
• Appropriate use and management of natural recreation area