Teruyo Arato, Yoshiyuki Yamaguchi, Takashi Daimon, Yuji Heike, Ken Ishii, Kouji Kobiyama, Kyogo Itho, Shinichi Kageyama, Hiroshi Shiku, Yoshihiro Miyahara, Hiroaki Ikeda, Naozumi Harada, Daisuke Muraoka, Yutaka Kawakami, Eiichi Nakayama, Keiya Ozawa, Noriyuki Sato, Masahiro Takeuchi, Kenzaburo Tani, Koji Tamada, Ryuzo Ueda, Takeharu Yamanaka, Hiroki Yamaue, Masaki Yasukawa, Toyotaka Iguchi, Takeshi Terashima, Kohei Amakasu, Shigehisa Kitano, Yasuhiro Nagata, Masanori Noguchi, Takeo Asano, Motohiro Asonuma, Kazuhiro Kakimi, Kazutoh Takesako, Masanori Tanaka, Akira Yamada, Taiki Aoshi, Etsushi Kuroda, Naoya Yamazaki, Aya Kuchiba, Shiro Tanaka, Hirofumi Michimae, Tomomi Yamada, Kenichi Hanada, Hideho Okada, Naoko Takebe, Naoto Hirano, Satoshi Okumura, Masayoshi Shibatsuji, Daisaku Sato, Teruhide Yamaguchi
Cancer Science 106 (12) 1761 - 1771 1347-9032 2015/12/01
[Refereed][Not invited] © 2015 Japanese Cancer Association. The development of cancer immunotherapies is progressing rapidly with a variety of technological approaches. They consist of "cancer vaccines", which are based on the idea of vaccination, "effector cell therapy", classified as passive immunotherapy, and "inhibition of immunosuppression", which intends to break immunological tolerance to autoantigens or immunosuppressive environments characterizing antitumor immune responses. Recent reports showing clinical evidence of efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive immunotherapies with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor-specific receptor gene-modified T cells indicate the beginning of a new era for cancer immunotherapy. This guidance summarizes ideas that will be helpful to those who plan to develop cancer immunotherapy. The aims of this guidance are to discuss and offer important points in early phase clinical studies of innovative cancer immunotherapy, with future progress in this field, and to contribute to the effective development of cancer immunotherapy aligned with the scope of regulatory science. This guidance covers cancer vaccines, effector cell therapy, and inhibition of immunosuppression, including immune checkpoint inhibitors.