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Kashiwagi Junichi
Research Faculty of Agriculture　Fundamental AgriScience Research　Agrobiology and Bioresources
Lecturer
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Last Updated :2024/05/09

Researcher Profile and Settings

Affiliation

  • Research Faculty of Agriculture　Fundamental AgriScience Research　Agrobiology and Bioresources

Job Title

  • Lecturer

Degree

  • PhD（Hokkaido University）

URL

Research Interests

  • Rice   Wheat   Tropical legumes   Root systems   Drought tolerance   

Research Areas

  • Environmental science/Agricultural science / Crop production science

Educational Organization

Academic & Professional Experience

  • 2008/11 - Today Hokkaido University, Research Faculty of Agriculture lecturer
  • 2000/10 - 2008/10 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Applied Genomics Associate scientist

Education

  • 1995/04 - 2000/03  Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
  •        - 2000  Hokkaido University (PhD)  Graduate School, Division of Agriculture

Association Memberships

  • JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR TROPICAL AGRICULTURE   JAPANESE SOCIETY OF BREEDING   CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF JAPAN   

Research Activities

Published Papers

  • Ogihara T, Shikama S, Ishii A, Hirota S, Kashiwagi J, Fujino K, Mitsui Y, Shimizu T, Seo M, Kitaoka N, Koda Y, Matsuura H
    Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 0721-7595 2023/04/25 [Refereed]
  • Kensaku SUZUKI, Junichi KASHIWAGI, Taiken NAKASHIMA, Kiyoshi NAGASUGA, Toshihiro MOCHIZUKI, Tomomi ABIKO, Masami FURUHATA, Youichi OHDAIRA, Masahiro CHIBA, Tosiyuki KIMURA, Shinji YANO, Mitsuki ABE, Akira MATSUDA, Hiroshi SAITO, Masaki SASAGAWA, Motonori TAKAHASHI, Taku NISHIMURA, Shoichiro HAMAMOTO, Takeshi TOKIDA, Masayoshi NISHI, Susumu YUI, Hiroyuki SHIMONO
    Japanese Journal of Crop Science 91 (4) 291 - 302 0011-1848 2022/10/05 [Refereed]
  • Potential importance of the ear as a post-anthesis carbon source to improve drought tolerance in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    Kashiwagi J., Yoshioka Y., Nakayama S., Inoue Y., An P., Nakashima T.
    Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 207 (6) 936 - 945 2021 [Refereed]
  • Satoko Oikawa, Masayoshi Nishi, Susumu Yui, Junichi Kashiwagi, Taiken Nakashima, Shinji Ichikawa, Toshiyuki Kimura, Youichi Ohdaira, Kiyoshi Nagasuga, Eiki Kuroda, Maya Matsunami, Hiroyuki Shimono
    Japanese Society of Crop Science 日本作物學會 88 (4) 259 - 267 0011-1848 2019 [Refereed][Not invited]
     

    Poor seedling establishment is a major problem for Early-Winter Direct-Sowing cultivation in rice. We examined the effects of seed coating with three materials (iron, calcium peroxide, starch) on the seedling establishment. The seedling establishment rate was only 1～3% in the control without seed coating in both 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons in Iwate Prefecture. Only the coating with iron showed a significant increase in the seedling establishment rate, that is, 24% in the 2016/2017 season and 11～30% in the 2017/2018 season. Significant improvement of seedling establishment by seed coating with iron was confirmed similarly in additional four Prefectures (Hokkaido, Aomori, Akita and Mie) in 2017/2018 season. We concluded that the seed coating with iron is a promising methodology for improving seedling establishment for Early-Winter Direct-Sowing cultivation in rice.

  • Hoshie Ohno, Nino P. M. C. Banayo, Crisanta S. Bueno, Jun-ichi Kashiwagi, Taiken Nakashima, Aurora M. Corales, Ricardo Garcia, Nitika Sandhu, Arvind Kumar, Yoichiro Kato
    FIELD CROPS RESEARCH 228 84 - 92 0378-4290 2018/11 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Dry direct seeding of rice (DDSR) is practiced as a technique to address drought in tropical Asia, as it requires less water than transplanting. However, rice has a narrow range of optimal sowing depth, and deep sowing often causes poor seedling emergence. The objective of this study was to elucidate differences among rice cultivars in their tolerance to deep sowing (i.e., the ability to show vigorous seedling emergence from deep soil) and the traits associated with this vigor. Two-year on-farm research in rainfed lowlands showed mean seeding depths of 16.1-35.0 mm (a coefficient of variation of 27%-49%). The deep-sowing tolerance differed significantly among 16 cultivars in research station field experiments. The emergence of seedlings from sowing at a depth of 85 mm was > 80% in tolerant cultivars versus < 1% in cultivars popular with farmers. Deep-sowing tolerance was attributable primarily to the elongation ability of the mesocotyl and, to a lesser extent, of the 1st internode. In a pot experiment that simulated drought around the time of sowing, seedlings that germinated from deeper soil had greater emergence and greater shoot and root growth than those that emerged from shallow soil, as the deeper seeds could acquire residual soil moisture. Our results suggest that improving the tolerance of rice to deep sowing should stabilize seedling establishment in DDSR. Cultivars that tolerate deep sowing will allow further development of the deep sowing technique and reduce the risk of sowing failure caused by drought during seedling emergence in water-scarce environments.
  • Hoshie Ohno, Niño P.M.C. Banayo, Crisanta Bueno, Jun-ichi Kashiwagi, Taiken Nakashima, Kazuto Iwama, Aurora M. Corales, Ricardo Garcia, Yoichiro Kato
    Field Crops Research 219 222 - 228 0378-4290 2018/04/15 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Dry direct seeding of rice (DDSR) is becoming a common practice in drought-prone lowland areas where there is insufficient labor for transplanting, but early-season drought often causes poor crop establishment, which allows subsequent weed infestation. Although early-maturing drought-tolerant cultivars have been released in tropical Asia in the last decade, almost all farmers in these areas still use cultivars selected for irrigated lowlands. The objective of our study was to compare a new drought-tolerant cultivar (Rc348) and a popular cultivar of farmers (Rc10) in DDSR under rainfed lowland conditions. On-farm experiments in three villages in northern Luzon, the Philippines, showed that the yield of Rc10, but not Rc348, was negatively associated with soil drying. Although their average yields were comparable (Rc348, 3.03 t ha−1 Rc10, 3.00 t ha−1), Rc348 yielded 34% more with moderate to severe weed infestation or soil dryness (3.12 vs. 2.33 t ha−1). Weed infestation increased with increasing soil dryness, but the weed pressure was more severe for Rc10 than for Rc348. Rc348 had a higher seedling emergence percentage, number of seedlings m−2, and ground cover at 30 days after sowing than Rc10 in drought-prone fields at upper (drier) positions in the toposequence. These results were validated by an on-station experiment with controlled drought stress at the International Rice Research Institute. We suggest that the adoption of newly released cultivars from the breeding programs for rainfed rice with reliable seedling emergence and early vigor in the presence of fluctuating soil moisture would stabilize the yield of DDSR in the target drought-prone areas.
  • Rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm with better seedling emergence under direct sowing in flooded paddy field
    Kashiwagi J, K. Hamada, Y., Jitsuyama
    Plant Genetic Resources 16 (4) 352 - 358 2018 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • L. Krishnamurthy, Hari D. Upadhyaya, J. Kashiwagi, R. Purushothaman, Sangam L. Dwivedi, V. Vadez
    CROP SCIENCE 56 (4) 1914 - 1926 0011-183X 2016/07 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] is an important and nutritious cereal cultivated largely in the tropics of Africa and Asia. It is adversely affected by intermittent droughts, and a trait-based selection for drought tolerance is expected to enhance yield stability. The current work has segregated the shoot biomass as total water use (T) and transpiration efficiency (TE) and assessed the importance of these components and their association with drought tolerance. A major part of the minicore collection of finger millet germplasm (n = 69) was evaluated in mini-lysimeters for the variation in T and TE under both terminal drought-stress (DS) and well-watered (WW) environments. Contribution of T to shoot biomass under drought was minor but that of TE was large and positive. Both T and TE positively influenced the shoot biomass production. Total water use explained the shoot biomass variation more when WW, whereas TE explained more variation under DS. Under DS, the minicore germplasm accessions varied in shoot biomass by 0.5-fold, T by 0.16- to 0.36-fold, and the TE by twofold. Categorization of the finger millet germplasm for TE differentiated accessions, into high and low groups, each with 11 accessions. No distinct or useful race or subrace-specific variation was found for T, TE, or the total shoot biomass productivity among the four races of finger millet. Selection and incorporation of both T and TE would enhance the efficient use of water and yield stability.
  • Lakshmanan Krishnamurthy, Hari Deo Upadhyaya, Junichi Kashiwagi, Ramamoorthy Purushothaman, Sangam Lal Dwivedi, Vincent Vadez
    CROP & PASTURE SCIENCE 67 (8) 834 - 846 1836-0947 2016 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv.) is an ancient cereal cultivated worldwide in arid and marginal lands. It is an ideal crop for the changing climate, with high photosynthetic efficiency. A trait-based selection for drought tolerance is sought for yield stability. The present work had segregated the drought yield as total water use (T), transpiration efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) and assessed the importance of these components and their association with drought tolerance. The core collection of foxtail millet germplasm (n=155) was evaluated in mini-lysimeters under both terminal drought stress (DS) and well-watered (WW) environments. The contribution of T to grain yield under drought was minor but the contribution of TE was positive and of HI negative. Crop duration, T and TE positively influenced, and HI negatively influenced, shoot biomass production. Under drought, the core germplasm accessions varied in shoot biomass, grain yield, HI and T by >3-fold and in TE by 2-fold. Categorisation of the germplasm for TE had differentiated groups of accessions as high TE (n=17) and low TE (n=22). Among the three races of foxtail millet, indica was strong for T and TE, and maxima and moharia for HI, with useful exceptions.
  • N. Lalitha, Hari D. Upadhyaya, L. Krishnamurthy, J. Kashiwagi, P. B. Kavikishor, S. Singh
    CROP SCIENCE 55 (5) 2034 - 2045 0011-183X 2015/09 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a major grain legume cultivated largely on residual soil moisture in the arid and semiarid regions of the world. Terminal drought stress is one of the major causes of yield loss, and a deep root system has been recognized as one of the most important traits for enhancing drought adaptability. To diversify the current genetic base of root traits, the present study explored the variation for root traits in the reference set of chickpea (n = 300) germplasm. Genetic variability for root traits at 35 d after sowing was assessed using a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cylinder culture system in two postrainy seasons. Largest genetic variability was observed for dry weights of shoot (broad-sense heritability [h(2)] = 0.69-0.74) and root (h(2) = 0.52-0.70). For root-length density (h(2) = 0.42-0.43) and root/total-plant dry-weight ratio (h(2) = 0.32-0.54), h(2) values were moderate but the variation was large, indicating scope for selection. The performance of the reference set accessions was identified for each of key traits. Accessions with the best root-length densities along with root and shoot dry weights were found to originate from the Mediterranean region and western Asia emphasizing the importance of whole collection from these regions for superior root traits. This study identified 23 new accessions for widening the parental base in further drought tolerance breeding efforts and identified superior traits in already adapted genetic backgrounds.
  • J. Kashiwagi, Y. Morito, Y. Jitsuyama, P. An, T. Inoue, M. Inagaki
    JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE 201 (3) 161 - 172 0931-2250 2015/06 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Improving wheat production in drought-prone areas is the key to meet the increasing global demand. The importance of root traits, especially, the structural traits such as root volume and rooting depth, has been well recognized to confer drought tolerance in wheat. However, generation of knowledge on root water uptake efficiency and its application in drought adaptation breeding had lagged behind. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the relevance of the root water uptake efficiency to biomass production under acute soil water deficit in six wheat genotypes. Pot experiments were conducted under polythene rainout shelters at Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, in 2010 and 2011. Under drought that was measured as smaller critical fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW), the root systems with less reduction water uptake efficiency were found to postpone the relative transpiration decline. This study also showed the existence of substantial genotypic variation on the root water uptake efficiency among the wheat genotypes. The expression of hydrophobic root morphology under drought environments, however, did not explain the results obtained on the relative root water uptake efficiency, indicating other regulative mechanisms in operation for the regulation of transverse water flow in the roots. These findings provide new understanding of drought adaptation in wheat through variations in the root water uptake efficiency.
  • R. Purushothaman, M. Thudi, L. Krishnamurthy, H. D. Upadhyaya, J. Kashiwagi, C. L. L. Gowda, R. K. Varshney
    FIELD CROPS RESEARCH 174 1 - 11 0378-4290 2015/03 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Canopy temperature depression (CTD) has been used to estimate crop yield and drought tolerance. However, when to measure CTD for the best breeding selection efficacy has seldom been addressed. The objectives of this study were to evaluate CTD as a drought response measure, identify suitable crop stage for measurement and associated molecular markers. CTD was measured using an infrared camera on 59, 62, 69, 73, 76 and 82 days after sowing (DAS) and the grain yield, shoot biomass and harvest index (%). CTD recorded at 62 DAS was positively associated with the grain yield by 40% and shoot biomass by 27% and such association diminished gradually to minimum after 76 DAS. Moreover, CTD at 62 DAS also showed similar positive association with the grain yield recorded in two previous years (r=0.45***, 0.42***). Genome-Wide and candidate gene based association analysis had revealed the presence of nine SSR, 11 DArT and three gene-based markers that varied across the six stages of observation. Two SSR markers were associated with CTD through crop phenology or grain yield while the rest were associated only with CTD for computing marker-trait associations (MTAs). The phenotypic variation explained by the markers was the highest at 62 DAS. These results confirm the importance of continued transpiration and the ability of the roots to supply stored soil water under terminal drought. The selection for grain yield through CTD is done best 15 days after the mean flowering time. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  • J. Kashiwagi, L. Krishnamurthy, R. Purushothaman, H. D. Upadhyaya, P. M. Gaur, C. L. L. Gowda, O. Ito, R. K. Varshney
    FIELD CROPS RESEARCH 170 47 - 54 0378-4290 2015/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a major grain legume crop in South Asia, and terminal drought severely constrains its productivity. In this review, we describe how root systems can improve the productivity of chickpea under the terminal drought that occurs in a receding stored soil water conditions in central and south India and propose possible breeding and screening methods. In chickpea, total root biomass in early growth stages has been shown to significantly contribute to seed yield under terminal drought in central and south India. Maximising acquisition of water stored in 15-30 cm soil layer by roots had greater implications as the timing of absorption, available soil water and root size matches well for the complete use of water from this zone. However, deeper root systems and a greater exploitation of subsoil water offers potential for further productivity improvements under terminal drought. As proof of this concept, contrasting chickpea accessions for important root traits, such as root biomass and rooting depth, have been screened in a chickpea germplasm collection which comprises rich diversity for root traits. Through analysing mapping populations derived from crosses between these accessions, a 'QTL hotspot' that explained a large part of the phenotypic variation for the major drought tolerance traits including root traits was identified and introgressed into a leading Indian chickpea cultivar. Yield advantages of the introgression lines were demonstrated in multi-location evaluations under terminal drought. As an alternative screening method, that would indirectly asses the root system strength, to identify further promising chickpea genotypes with multiple drought tolerance traits, the leaf canopy temperature and carbon isotope discrimination measurements can be proposed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Lakshmanan Krishnamurthy, Hari Deo Upadhyaya, Ramamoorthy Purushothaman, Cholenahalli Lakkegowda Laxmipathi Gowda, Junichi Kashiwagi, Sangam Lal Dwivedi, Sube Singh, Vincent Vadez
    PLANT SCIENCE 227 51 - 59 0168-9452 2014/10 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L Gaertn.) ranks third in production among the dry land cereals. It is widely cultivated in Africa and South Asia where soil salinization is a major production constraint. It is a potential crop for salt affected soils. To identify salt tolerant germplasm, the minicore finger millet germplasm (n = 80) was screened for grain yield performance in a soil saturated with NaCl solution of 100 or 125 mM. Genotype effect was significant for most traits, while salinity x genotype interaction was significant only in one year. Salinity delayed phenology, marginally reduced shoot biomass and grain yield. There was a large range of genotypic variation in grain yield under salinity and other traits. The yield loss was higher in accessions with prolific growth and yield potential was associated with saline yields. Based on saline yields, accessions were grouped in to four groups and the top tolerant group had 22 accessions with IE 4797 remaining at the top. Salinity had no adverse impact on grain yield of five accessions. Root anatomy in selected genotype of pearl and finger millet showed presence of porous cortex and well fortified endodermis in finger millet that can exclude Na+ and enhance N absorption. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • Mahendar Thudi, Hari D. Upadhyaya, Abhishek Rathore, Pooran Mal Gaur, Lakshmanan Krishnamurthy, Manish Roorkiwal, Spurthi N. Nayak, Sushil Kumar Chaturvedi, Partha Sarathi Basu, N. V. P. R. Gangarao, Asnake Fikre, Paul Kimurto, Prakash C. Sharma, M. S. Sheshashayee, Satoshi Tobita, Junichi Kashiwagi, Osamu Ito, Andrzej Killian, Rajeev Kumar Varshney
    PLOS ONE 9 (5) 1 - 12 1932-6203 2014/05 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    To understand the genetic basis of tolerance to drought and heat stresses in chickpea, a comprehensive association mapping approach has been undertaken. Phenotypic data were generated on the reference set (300 accessions, including 211 mini-core collection accessions) for drought tolerance related root traits, heat tolerance, yield and yield component traits from 1-7 seasons and 1-3 locations in India (Patancheru, Kanpur, Bangalore) and three locations in Africa (Nairobi, Egerton in Kenya and Debre Zeit in Ethiopia). Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers equally distributed across chickpea genome were used to determine population structure and three sub-populations were identified using admixture model in STRUCTURE. The pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD) estimated using the squared-allele frequency correlations (r(2); when r(2)<0.20) was found to decay rapidly with the genetic distance of 5 cM. For establishing marker-trait associations (MTAs), both genome-wide and candidate gene-sequencing based association mapping approaches were conducted using 1,872 markers (1,072 DArTs, 651 single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs], 113 gene-based SNPs and 36 simple sequence repeats [SSRs]) and phenotyping data mentioned above employing mixed linear model (MLM) analysis with optimum compression with P3D method and kinship matrix. As a result, 312 significant MTAs were identified and a maximum number of MTAs (70) was identified for 100-seed weight. A total of 18 SNPs from 5 genes (ERECTA, 11 SNPs; ASR, 4 SNPs; DREB, 1 SNP; CAP2 promoter, 1 SNP and AMDH, 1SNP) were significantly associated with different traits. This study provides significant MTAs for drought and heat tolerance in chickpea that can be used, after validation, in molecular breeding for developing superior varieties with enhanced drought and heat tolerance.
  • Rajeev K. Varshney, Mahendar Thudi, Spurthi N. Nayak, Pooran M. Gaur, Junichi Kashiwagi, Lakshmanan Krishnamurthy, Deepa Jaganathan, Jahnavi Koppolu, Abhishek Bohra, Shailesh Tripathi, Abhishek Rathore, Aravind K. Jukanti, Veera Jayalakshmi, Anilkumar Vemula, S. J. Singh, Mohammad Yasin, M. S. Sheshshayee, K. P. Viswanatha
    THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS 127 (2) 445 - 462 0040-5752 2014/02 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Key message Analysis of phenotypic data for 20 drought tolerance traits in 1-7 seasons at 1-5 locations together with genetic mapping data for two mapping populations provided 9 QTL clusters of which one present on CaLG04 has a high potential to enhance drought tolerance in chickpea improvement. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the second most important grain legume cultivated by resource poor farmers in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Drought is one of the major constraints leading up to 50 % production losses in chickpea. In order to dissect the complex nature of drought tolerance and to use genomics tools for enhancing yield of chickpea under drought conditions, two mapping populations-ICCRIL03 (ICC 4958 x ICC 1882) and ICCRIL04 (ICC 283 x ICC 8261) segregating for drought tolerance-related root traits were phenotyped for a total of 20 drought component traits in 1-7 seasons at 1-5 locations in India. Individual genetic maps comprising 241 loci and 168 loci for ICCRIL03 and ICCRIL04, respectively, and a consensus genetic map comprising 352 loci were constructed (http://cmap.icrisat.ac.in/cmap/sm/cp/varshney/.). Analysis of extensive genotypic and precise phenotypic data revealed 45 robust main-effect QTLs (M-QTLs) explaining up to 58.20 % phenotypic variation and 973 epistatic QTLs (E-QTLs) explaining up to 92.19 % phenotypic variation for several target traits. Nine QTL clusters containing QTLs for several drought tolerance traits have been identified that can be targeted for molecular breeding. Among these clusters, one cluster harboring 48 % robust M-QTLs for 12 traits and explaining about 58.20 % phenotypic variation present on CaLG04 has been referred as "QTL-hotspot". This genomic region contains seven SSR markers (ICCM0249, NCPGR127, TAA170, NCPGR21, TR11, GA24 and STMS11). Introgression of this region into elite cultivars is expected to enhance drought tolerance in chickpea.
  • L. Krishnamurthy, H. D. Upadhyaya, C. L. L. Gowda, J. Kashiwagi, R. Purushothaman, Sube Singh, V. Vadez
    CROP & PASTURE SCIENCE 65 (4) 353 - 361 1836-0947 2014 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) is an ideal crop for changing climates and stressed environments due to its short duration, high photosynthetic efficiency and good level of resistance to pest and diseases. Soil salinisation is an increasing problem, with 23% of the global cultivated land already affected. Foxtail millet has potential as a crop for salt-affected soils, with its high tolerance to salinity. The foxtail millet core collection (n = 155) was screened in a soil saturated once with 100mM NaCl and in a non-saline control in 2008 and a subset (n = 84) in 2009 in a partly controlled environment using Alfisol to identify the best salt-tolerant germplasm. Plants were grown in pots and protected from rain. The salinity response was measured as grain yield per pot. Genotype and salinity x genotype interaction effects were significant for most traits, and there was a large range of yield and biomass variation across accessions. Salinity delayed panicle emergence and maturity, and reduced shoot biomass by 24-41% and grain yield by 7-30%. Salinity did not reduce the harvest index. Among the plant components, stem biomass was reduced most by salinity. There was a large variation in grain yield and other traits among the genotypes in the saline pots. The yield loss by salinity was associated with duration of crop growth, and grain yield loss was highest in the early-maturing accessions. All accessions were grouped into five sets based on grain yield under saline conditions, and the most highly tolerant group had 13 accessions. The salinity-tolerant accessions can be useful parents once their performance is confirmed under saline field conditions.
  • Rajeev K. Varshney, Pooran M. Gaur, Siva K. Chamarthi, L. Krishnamurthy, Shailesh Tripathi, Junichi Kashiwagi, Srinivasan Samineni, Vikas K. Singh, Mahendar Thudi, Deepa Jaganathan
    PLANT GENOME 6 (3) 1 - 9 1940-3372 2013/11 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    A "QTL-hotspot" containing quantitative trait loci (QTL) for several root and drought tolerance traits was transferred through marker-assisted backcrossing into JG 11, a leading variety of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in India from the donor parent ICC 4958. Foreground selection with up to three simple sequence repeat markers, namely TAA170, ICCM0249, and STMS11, and background selection with up to 10 amplified fragment length polymorphism primer combinations was undertaken. After undertaking three backcrosses with foreground and background selection and selfing, 29 BC3F2 plants homozygous for two markers (ICCM0249 and TAA170) were selected and referred as introgression lines (ILs). Root trait phenotyping of these ILs showed higher rooting depth (RDp) (average 115.21 +/- 2.24 cm) in all 29 ILs, better root length density (RLD) (average 0.41 +/- 0.20 cm cm(-3)) in 26 ILs, and higher root dry weight (RDW) (average 1.25 +/- 0.08 g per cylinder) as compared to the recurrent parent, JG 11 (111.70 cm for RDp, 0.39 cm cm(-3) for RLD, and 1.10 g per cylinder for RDW), as well as the donor parent, ICC 4958 (114.20 cm for RDp, 0.45 cm cm(-3) for RLD, and 1.25 g per cylinder for RDW). These ILs, developed in 3 yr, after multilocation field trials may be released as improved variety with enhanced drought tolerance.
  • H. D. Upadhyaya, N. Dronavalli, S. L. Dwivedi, J. Kashiwagi, L. Krishnamurthy, S. Pande, H. C. Sharma, V. Vadez, S. Singh, R. K. Varshney, C. L. L. Gowda
    CROP SCIENCE 53 (6) 2506 - 2517 0011-183X 2013/11 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    In chickpea, bottlenecks associated with its domestication and low use of germplasm in improvement programs have resulted in a narrow genetic base and its vulnerability to abiotic and biotic stresses. The core and mini core collections, representing diversity in the entire collection, have been advocated for enhanced utilization of germplasm in crop improvement. A chickpea mini core (211 accessions) was evaluated for agronomic traits from 2000 and 2001 to 2003 and 2004 in post-rainy seasons under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. The published information on the response of chickpea mini core accessions to stress revealed that 40 accessions had resistance to abiotic stress, 31 to biotic stress, and 24 had no resistance to either of the stresses. The abiotic and biotic stress resistant groups had six accessions in common. The mini core collection accessions were also a part of composite collection accessions in chickpea, which was genotyped using 48 simple sequence repeats (SSRs; BMC Plant Biol. 8: 106, 2008). The agronomic evaluation, stress response, and molecular profiling data on 93 accessions, including four controls, were used to identify genetically diverse germplasm with agronomically beneficial traits. A number of genetically diverse accessions possessing agronomically beneficial traits, such as ICC 440, 637, 1098, 3325, 3362, 4872, 7441, 8621, 9586, 10399, 12307, 14402, 15680, and 15686, which meet breeders' needs, have been identified for use in breeding and genetics to map genomic regions associated with beneficial traits and as source materials for developing high yielding and widely adapted chickpea cultivars with multiple resistance to abiotic and biotic stress.
  • L. Krishnamurthy, J. Kashiwagi, H. D. Upadhyaya, C. L.L. Gowda, P. M. Gaur, Sube Singh, R. Purushothaman, R. K. Varshney
    Field Crops Research 149 354 - 365 0378-4290 2013/08/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Chickpea is increasingly being grown in tropical areas, and terminal drought is becoming a major constraint to its increased productivity. A trait-based selection approach can achieve further gains in drought tolerance that has been achieved through direct selection for yield. Separation of yield into its components including the rate of partitioning and its duration could permit a better focus on the most relevant trait for yield enhancement under terminal drought. Current work is aimed at understanding the importance of rate of partitioning or the partitioning coefficient (p) as a major contributory trait associated with drought tolerance both in germplasm and breeding lines. A reference collection of chickpea germplasm (n=280) was evaluated in the field under both terminal drought and optimally irrigated environments and a set of desi (n=60) and kabuli (n=60) advanced breeding lines under terminal drought. Grain yield was associated with its analytical components - crop growth rate (C), reproductive duration (Dr) and p. The path analysis showed that C and p had a large direct positive contribution to yield while Dr had a marginal but negative contribution to yield under drought. The direct contribution of p was the highest but it was marginally reduced by the indirect negative contributions of Dr. However, the total contributions of p to grain yield remained large. The yield of germplasm accessions under drought across the seasons were closely associated (r2=0.70) and also the genotype×year interaction was minimum. The contribution of C, Dr and p to grain yield were similar in the advanced breeding lines. However, kabuli breeding lines had a larger variation for p than the desi lines. The results suggest that a conscious selection for greater p will confer greater tolerance to abiotic stresses, given that terminal drought tends to curtail the length of the reproductive period. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
  • J. Kashiwagi, L. Krishnamurthy, P. M. Gaur, H. D. Upadhyaya, R. K. Varshney, S. Tobita
    Field Crops Research 145 88 - 95 0378-4290 2013/04 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    In chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), terminal drought is a major constraint that limits seed yield. It is important to establish the relative importance many of these drought-related traits for prioritizing their consideration in breeding for drought tolerance improvements. By associating various traits with the drought response index (DRI), a good indicator devoid of the confounding effects of drought escape and yield potential, well associated traits to grain yield under drought were investigated. Twenty-one genotypes with known diversity in drought response were used. Genotype ICC 7571 was identified newly as a consistent and highly drought tolerant chickpea germplasm. The DRI showed significant positive association with crop growth rate (CGR) and negative association with water use efficiency (WUE) in both the years. The DRI also showed a positive association with the pod quantity per unit area irrespective of the drought intensity. The harvest index and the rate of partitioning (p) showed a close positive association with DRI under severe drought stress. The relationship of p, as an associated trait with yield, intensified further under severe drought. This adaptive expression suggests that p to be considered as a critical trait while breeding for drought tolerance. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
  • Lakshmanan Krishnamurthy, Junichi Kashiwagi, Satoshi Tobita, Osamu Ito, Hari D. Upadhyaya, Cholenahalli L. L. Gowda, Pooran M. Gaur, Madavalam S. Sheshshayee, Sube Singh, Vincent Vadez, Rajeev K. Varshney
    FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 40 (12) 1350 - 1361 1445-4408 2013 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Terminal drought is a major constraint to chickpea productivity. Carbon isotope discrimination (C-13), an integrator of plant behaviour influencing transpiration efficiency (TE), is an important component of yield under drought. The variation in C-13 and its association with yield was assessed in the reference collection of chickpea germplasm. Drought stress reduced shoot biomass by 36-39% and grain yield by 23%. Mean C-13 was low and the range of genetic variation was high under drought stress. Largely, high C-13 accessions were early in flowering (40-50 days), moderate in shoot biomass, high in seed yields and high in harvest index (HI). C-13 was positively correlated with seed yield in both the years under drought stress, only in 2008-09 under optimal irrigation. This positive association was very close with HI. Among the yield components, C-13 was closely associated with pod numbers per unit area and seed size under drought stress. Path coefficients showed no direct association of C-13 with grain yield but an indirect negative association through shoot biomass at maturity and a close positive association through HI. The closest association of HI or shoot biomass was seen in the maturity group of accessions that experienced the optimum terminal drought stress.
  • H. D. Upadhyaya, J. Kashiwagi, R. K. Varshney, P. M. Gaur, K. B. Saxena, L. Krishnamurthy, C. L. L. Gowda, R. P. S. Pundir, S. K. Chaturvedi, P. S. Basu, I. P. Singh
    FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY 3 1 - 10 1664-042X 2012 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    The chickpea and pigeonpea are protein-rich grain legumes used for human consumption in many countries. Grain yield of these crops is low to moderate in the semi-and tropics with large variation due to high GxE interaction. In the Indian subcontinent chickpea is grown in the post-rainy winter season on receding soil moisture, and in other countries during the cool and dry post winter or spring seasons. The pigeonpea is sown during rainy season which flowers and matures in post-rainy season. The rainy months are hot and humid with diurnal temperature varying between 25 and 35 C (maximum) and 20 and 25 C (minimum) with an erratic rainfall. The available soil water during post-rainy season is about 200-250 mm which is bare minimum to meet the normal evapotranspiration. Thus occurrence of drought is frequent and at varying degrees. To enhance productivity of these crops cultivars tolerant to drought need to be developed. ICRISAT conserves a large number of accessions of chickpea (>20,000) and pigeonpea (>15,000). However only a small proportion (<1%) has been used in crop improvement programs mainly due to non-availability of reliable information on traits of economic importance. To overcome this, core and mini core collections (10% of core, 1% of entire collection) have been developed. Using the mini core approach, trait-specific donor lines were identified for agronomic, quality, and stress related traits in both crops. Composite collections were developed both in chickpea (3000 accessions) and pigeonpea (1000 accessions), genotyped using SSR markers and genotype based reference sets of 300 accessions selected for each crop. Screening methods for different drought-tolerant traits such as early maturity (drought escape), large and deep root system, high water-use efficiency, smaller leaflets, reduced canopy temperature, carbon isotope discrimination, high leaf chlorophyll content (drought avoidance), and breeding strategies for improving drought tolerance have been discussed.
  • L. Krishnamurthy, J. Kashiwagi, P. M. Gaur, H. D. Upadhyaya, V. Vadez
    FIELD CROPS RESEARCH 119 (2-3) 322 - 330 0378-4290 2010/11 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Chickpea cropping system is largely rainfed and terminal drought is a major constraint to its productivity. Currently available drought tolerant chickpea genotypes are very few. Considering that a large number of traits are collectively needed to confer yield under drought, there is a need to identify more genotypes to introduce diversity in drought tolerance breeding programs. The minicore (n = 211) chickpea germplasm collection has been evaluated over three years for drought tolerance index (DTI), calculated as the standard residuals, through a regression approach considering drought yield as a function of days to flowering, yield potential and the residual or drought response, in the short season environment of South-India. The minicore collection accessions exhibited large range of variations for days to 50% flowering (26-78 d) and maturity (70-120 d), shoot biomass (1500-4940 kg ha(-1)) and seed yield (210-2730 kg ha(-1)) under drought. The heritability for the shoot biomass and seed yields under drought stress (shoot biomass 0.118-0.461; seed yield 0.511-0.795) were relatively higher than that under optimally irrigated environment (shoot biomass 0.232-0.447; seed yield 0.322-0.631). Both the seed yield under drought and DTI showed significant accession x year interaction. A categorization of the DTI using a cluster analysis has revealed five major groups with 5 accessions in highly tolerant group, 78 in tolerant, 74 in moderately tolerant, 39 in sensitive and 20 in highly sensitive groups. ICC 4958, a previously identified drought tolerant genotype, was among the moderately tolerant while Annigeri, a well-adapted cultivar, was in the tolerant group. Though the heritability of DTI was slightly lesser than that of the yield, the DTI represented terminal drought tolerance per se, and was independent of phenology and yield potential influences. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Kossonou Guillaume Anzoua, Kashiwagi Junichi, Hasegawa Toshihiro, Iwama Kazuto, Jitsuyama Yutaka
    FIELD CROPS RESEARCH 116 (1-2) 38 - 45 0378-4290 2010/03 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Eight rice cultivars released in 1905, 1919, 1941, 1954, 1971, 1984, 1987 and 1988 were investigated to identify the traits that contributed to high yield and low soil nitrogen tolerance breeding under cold environment. They were grown in fields at three different nitrogen (N) fertilizer treatments, 0, 6 and 12 g N m(-2) (0 N, 6 N and 12 N) in Sapporo, Northern Japan, in 2001 and 2002. All cultivars; increased their grain yield (GY) with the increase in soil N availability, and better response to N was observed in modern cultivars; released during 1984-1988 compared to old ones (1905-1954). Irrespective of N treatments, the modern cultivars showed better GY than the older ones. Absolute genetic gain was 2.15 or 2.94 g m(-2) year(-1) at 6 N and 12 N. Under 0 N treatment, although the magnitude of yield increase was small, the genetic gain in GY was still observed at 0.78 g m(-2) year(-1). The GY increments were achieved mainly through increasing the number of spikelets (SPK) which depends on the number of panicle (PAN) at any level, and the PAN could be increased by enhancing the number of tillers. The extinction coefficient (k) showed that the older cultivars had a spreading plant type, on the other hand, the modern cultivars had an erect plant type which seemed to be a better plant structure in terms of light distribution. This change on plant structure would allow the modern cultivars to have a larger LAI with improved light capturing resulting in better GY in modern cultivars; than the old cultivars having similar LAI with modern cultivars. These breeding strategies could work for the high-yielding rice breeding program under cold environments irrespective of soil nitrogen conditions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Significance and genetic diversity of SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR) in the chickpea (Cicer arietinum) germplasm in the semi-arid environments.
    Kashiwagi J, H. D. Upadhyaya, L. Krishnamurthy
    Journal of Food Legumes 23 99 - 105 2010 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Rajeev K. Varshney, Pavana J. Hiremath, Pazhamala Lekha, Junichi Kashiwagi, Jayashree Balaji, Amit A. Deokar, Vincent Vadez, Yongli Xiao, Ramamurthy Srinivasan, Pooran M. Gaur, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, Christopher D. Town, David A. Hoisington
    BMC GENOMICS 10 523 - 541 1471-2164 2009/11 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Background: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), an important grain legume crop of the world is seriously challenged by terminal drought and salinity stresses. However, very limited number of molecular markers and candidate genes are available for undertaking molecular breeding in chickpea to tackle these stresses. This study reports generation and analysis of comprehensive resource of drought- and salinity-responsive expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and gene-based markers. Results: A total of 20,162 (18,435 high quality) drought-and salinity-responsive ESTs were generated from ten different root tissue cDNA libraries of chickpea. Sequence editing, clustering and assembly analysis resulted in 6,404 unigenes (1,590 contigs and 4,814 singletons). Functional annotation of unigenes based on BLASTX analysis showed that 46.3% (2,965) had significant similarity (<= 1E-05) to sequences in the non-redundant UniProt database. BLASTN analysis of unique sequences with ESTs of four legume species (Medicago, Lotus, soybean and groundnut) and three model plant species (rice, Arabidopsis and poplar) provided insights on conserved genes across legumes as well as novel transcripts for chickpea. Of 2,965 (46.3%) significant unigenes, only 2,071 (32.3%) unigenes could be functionally categorised according to Gene Ontology (GO) descriptions. A total of 2,029 sequences containing 3,728 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified and 177 new EST-SSR markers were developed. Experimental validation of a set of 77 SSR markers on 24 genotypes revealed 230 alleles with an average of 4.6 alleles per marker and average polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.43. Besides SSR markers, 21,405 high confidence single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 742 contigs (with >= 5 ESTs) were also identified. Recognition sites for restriction enzymes were identified for 7,884 SNPs in 240 contigs. Hierarchical clustering of 105 selected contigs provided clues about stress- responsive candidate genes and their expression profile showed predominance in specific stress-challenged libraries. Conclusion: Generated set of chickpea ESTs serves as a resource of high quality transcripts for gene discovery and development of functional markers associated with abiotic stress tolerance that will be helpful to facilitate chickpea breeding. Mapping of gene-based markers in chickpea will also add more anchoring points to align genomes of chickpea and other legume species.
  • Genetic control of drought avoidance root traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
    Kashiwagi, J, L. Krishnamurthy, H.D. Upadhyaya, S. Chandra, P.M. Gaur
    Proceedings of the Fourth International Food Legumes Research Conference (IFLRC-IV) 584 - 588 2009 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Review: Root research for drought tolerance in legumes: Quo vadis?
    Vadez, V, S. Rao, J. Kholova, L. Krishnamurthy, J. Kashiwagi, P. Ratanakumar, K.K. Sharma, P. Bhatnagar-Mathur, P.S. Basu
    Journal of Food Legumes 21 77 - 85 2008 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Kashiwagi, J, L. Krishnamurthy, P.M. Gaur, T. Shyouki, T. Umezaki, U. Hiraoka, T. Terauchi, K. Iwama
    Tropical Agriculture and Development 52 (4) 89 - 96 1882-8450 2008 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Pooran M. Gaur, Lakshmanan Krishnamurthy, Junichi Kashiwagi
    PLANT PRODUCTION SCIENCE 11 (1) 3 - 11 1343-943X 2008/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), an important food legume grown in the semi-arid tropical and Mediterranean regions, suffers substantial yield loss due to drought at the end of the growing season (terminal drought), as the crop is largely grown rainfed in post-rainy season on progressively receding soil moisture conditions. Root traits have been identified to postpone dehydration (drought avoidance hereafter) under moisture stress. The root length density (RLD) in the relatively shallow soil layers and the maximum root depth (RDp) were found to positively influence the seed yield under terminal drought environments. Considerable progress has been made to improve the methodology for sampling and analysis of roots. Using a PVC cylinder technique, the mini-core collection (n=211) of chickpea germplasm was evaluated for a number of root traits, including root biomass, RLD and RDp. A few germplasm accessions were identified to have a more prolific root system than. the previously identified germplasm line ICC 4958, the best-known source of high root biomass. The germplasm accession ICC 8261 was identified to have the best combination of both RLD and RDp. Molecular markers have been identified for one major quantitative trait locus (QTL) that accounts for about one-third of the variation in root biomass (as measured by total root dry matter) and RDp from study of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between ICC 4958 and Annigeri. New RIL populations, developed from two other crosses (ICC 8261 x ICC 283 and ICC 4958 x ICC 1882) involving parents having larger variation for root traits than between Annigeri and ICC 4958, are being studied to identify additional QTLs for root traits. Marker-assisted breeding for improvement of root traits in chickpea is expected to promote the development of varieties with greater drought avoidance.
  • Rapid screening technique on plant canopy transpiration status to improve drought tolerance in chickpea
    Kashiwagi, J, L. Krishnamurthy, P.M. Gaur, H.D. Upadhyaya
    Journal of SAT Agriculture Research 20 67 - 70 2008 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • J. Kashiwagi, L. Krishnamurthy, P. M. Gaur S. Chandra, H. D. Upadhyaya
    FIELD CROPS RESEARCH 105 (1-2) 64 - 69 0378-4290 2008/01 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    The productivity of chickpea (C. arietinum L.) in the arid and semi-arid regions is constrained due to terminal drought. Chickpea genotypes with prolific and deep rooting have been shown to be more adapted to drought but little information is available on the genetic control of root system. The genetic components that govern the expression of root and shoot characteristics were investigated through generation mean analysis, using six generations (P-1, P-2, F-1, F-2, BC1P1 and BC1P2) of two crosses (ICC 283 x ICC 8261 and ICC 4958 x ICC 1882) in chickpea involving parents with contrasting root characteristics. In both the crosses, the additive and additive x additive interaction effects played important role in governing the root length density and root dry weight. The direction of the additive gene effects was consistent and towards increasing the root growth. Delaying selections to later generations and generating larger populations for selections were proposed as strategies for improving root systems of chickpea to exploit additive x additive interaction. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.
  • Exploiting the functionality of root systems for dry, saline, and nutrient deficient environments in a changing climate
    Vadez, V, L. Krishnamurthy, J. Kashiwagi, J. Kholova, J.M. Devi, K.K. Sharma, P. Bhatnagar-Mathur, D.A. Hoisington, C.T. Hash, F.R. Bidinger, J.D.H. Keatinge
    Journal of SAT Agriculture Research 4 1 - 61 2007 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Identification of large seeded kabuli chickpeas with drought avoidance root traits
    Kashiwagi, J, H.D. Upadhyaya, L. Krishnamurthy, S. Singh
    Journal of SAT Agriculture Research 3 1 - 2 2007 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Rapid and reliable screening technique on root traits in chickpea (C. arietinum L) for improving the drought tolerance
    Kashiwagi, J, L. Krishnamurthy, R. Serraj, J.H. Crouch, J.D.S. Panwar
    Journal of Food Legumes 20 67 - 70 2007 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • J Kashiwagi, L Krishnamurthy, JH Crouch, R Serraj
    FIELD CROPS RESEARCH 95 (2-3) 171 - 181 0378-4290 2006/02 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    The importance of root systems in acquiring water has long been recognized as crucial to cope with drought conditions. This investigation was conducted to: (i) evaluate the variability on root length density (RLD) of chickpea in the vegetative growth stage; (ii) estimate the effect of RLD on seed yield under terminal drought conditions; and (iii) set up a procedure to facilitate the screening of chickpea genotypes with large RLD. Twelve diverse chickpea genotypes were grown in tall PVC cylinders with two different soil water treatments in 2000 and 2001, and in field under water deficit conditions during 2000/2001 and 2001/2002. In field trials, the mean RLD at 35 days after sowing showed a significant positive correlation with seed yield in both years. Similarly, the RLD in the 15-30 cm soil depth had significant positive effects to the seed yield in both years. The importance of the root trait was particularly relevant in 2001/2002, a more severe drought year, when the RLD in deeper soil layer, 30-60 cm depth, showed a significant positive relationship with seed yield. Also, the RLD at deeper soil layer, 30-60 cm depth, was higher in 2001/2002 than in 2000/2001, in particular in tolerant genotypes. The PVC cylinder trials were set up to facilitate the screening of chickpea genotypes with large RLD. RLD of plants grown in cylinders with 70% field capacity was correlated with RLD in the field trials (r = 0.731; p = 0.01). This work highlights the importance of roots in coping with terminal drought in chickpea. The cylinder system offers a much easier procedure to screen chickpea genotypes with large RLD. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Implications of contrast in root traits on drought yield of chickpea
    Kashiwagi, J, L. Krishnamurthy, J.D.S. Panwar, R. Serraj
    Indian Journal of Pulses Research 19 193 - 196 2006 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Zheng Shao-Hui, Nakamoto Hiroaki, Umezaki Teruhisa, Kashiwagi Junichi
    Coastal bioenvironment 佐賀大学海浜台地生物環境研究センター 18 35 - 39 1348-7175 2006 [Not refereed][Not invited]
     
    佐賀県唐津市上場地域において、健康によい高品質農産物の開発導入を図るため、ヒヨコマメの栽培を試みた。インドにある国際半乾燥熱帯作物研究所（ICRISAT）より導入したヒヨコマメ10系統を供試し、北部九州の福岡市および佐賀県西部上場地域において2004年および2005年に栽培した。播種は2004年5月26日、8月13日および2005年3月11日に行った。収穫は2004年5月播種では8月5日、2005年3月播種では6月27日に行ったが、2004年8月13日播種では出芽直後の連続降雨の影響で立ち枯れてしまったためできなかった。子実収量は系統によって大きく変異し、両年平均で10a当り45-117kgであり、うち4系統が100kgを超えた。子実収量は栄養成長期間の長短とは相関関係がなく、百粒重および茎重とは有意な正の相関関係がみられたことから、大粒で生育期間が短い品種を選ぶことにより、北部九州においても間作として取り入れることが可能であると考えられた。しかしながら、ヒヨコマメは耐湿性に弱いため多雨な場合は、立ち枯れが多く発生し、排水のよい圃場、あるいはハウス内での栽培に適応するのではないかと考えられた。
  • Relationships between transpiration efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination on chickpea (C. arietinum L.)
    Kashiwagi, J, L. Krishnamurthy, S. Singh, P.M. Gaur, H.D. Upadhyaya, J.D.S. Panwar, P.S. Basu, O. Ito, S. Tobita
    International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter 13 19 - 21 2006 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Variation of SPAD Chlorophyll Meter Readings (SCMR) in the mini-core germplasm collection of chickpea
    Kashiwagi, J, L. Krishnamurthy, S. Singh, H.D. Upadhyaya
    International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter 13 16 - 18 2006 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • J Kashiwagi, L Krishnamurthy, HD Upadhyaya, H Krishna, S Chandra, Vadez, V, R Serraj
    EUPHYTICA 146 (3) 213 - 222 0014-2336 2005/12 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Extensive and deep root systems have been recognized as one of the most important traits for improving chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) productivity under progressively receding soil moisture conditions. However, available information on the range of variation for root traits is still limited. Genetic variability for the root traits was investigated using a cylinder culture system during two consecutive growth seasons in the mini-core germplasm collection of ICRISAT plus several wild relatives of chickpea. The largest genetic variability was observed at 35 days after sowing for root length density (RLD) (heritability, h(2) = 0.51 and 0.54) across seasons, and followed by the ratio of plant dry weight to root length density with h(2) of 0.37 and 0.50 for first and second season, respectively. The root growth of chickpea wild relatives was relatively poor compared to C. arietinum, except in case of C. reticulatum. An outstanding genotype, ICC 8261, which had the largest RLD and one of the deepest root system, was identified in chickpea mini-core germplasm collection. The accession ICC 4958 which was previously characterized as a source for drought avoidance in chickpea was confirmed as one with the most prolific and deep root system, although many superior accessions were also identified. The chickpea landraces collected from the Mediterranean and the west Asian region showed a significantly larger RLD than those from the south Asian region. In addition, the landraces originating from central Asia (former Soviet Union), characterized by arid agro-climatic conditions, also showed relatively larger RLD. As these regions are under-represented in the chickpea collection, they might be interesting areas for further germplasm exploration to identify new landraces with large RLD. The information on the genetic variability of chickpea root traits provides valuable baseline knowledge for further progress on the selection and breeding for drought avoidance root traits in chickpea.
  • R Serraj, L Krishnamurthy, J Kashiwagi, J Kumar, S Chandra, JH Crouch
    FIELD CROPS RESEARCH 88 (2-3) 115 - 127 0378-4290 2004/08 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    Deep and prolific root systems have been associated with enhanced avoidance of terminal drought stress in chickpea. This research evaluated the root traits of 257 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between a breeding line with a large root system (ICC 4958) and an agronomically preferred variety (Annigeri) to assess the potential for identifying QTL for desirable root traits and to investigate the relationship between root traits, plant growth and seed yield under terminal drought stress. The root traits of field-grown chickpea RILs were measured using the monolith method during the 2001-2002 cropping season, while their shoot biomass and seed yield were evaluated during both 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 seasons. Significant genetic variation was observed amongst the RIL population for root length density, root dry weight and shoot dry weight at 35 days after sowing and for shoot biomass and seed yield at maturity. A linear relationship was observed between root dry weight and shoot dry weight at 35 days after sowing. The overall distribution of root length density and root dry weight among the RILs indicated that these traits are likely to be under polygenic control. The heritability of root dry weight was 0.27 and root length density was 0.23, compared to 0.49 for shoot dry weight at the same stage. The RILs exhibited a range of combinations of root size and seed yield, with a few RILs showing large root systems and high seed yield. However, there was no general correlation between seed yield and root size. High shoot biomass and harvest index contributed to high seed yield of the RILs. The implications for the molecular breeding of drought-avoidance root traits in chickpea are discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Multilocation analysis of yield and yield components of chickpea mapping population grown under terminal drought
    Krishnamurthy, L, R. Serraj, J. Kashiwagi, J.D.S. Panwar, Y. Koteswara Rao, J. Kumar
    Indian Journal of Pulses Research 17 17 - 24 2004 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Subhash Chandra, Hutokshi K. Buhariwalla, J. Kashiwagi, S. Harikrishna, K. Rupa Sridevi, L. Krishnamurthy, Rachid Serraj, J.H. Crouch
    4th International Crop Science Congress CD-ROM 1 - 1 2004 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Root and shoot growth dynamics of some chickpea genotypes under two moisture level
    Krishnamurthy, L, J. Kashiwagi, R. Serraj
    International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter 10 24 - 28 2003 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • J. Kashiwagi, K. Iwama, T. Hasegawa
    Japanese Journal of Crop Science 日本作物學會 69 (3) 332 - 336 0011-1848 2000 [Refereed][Not invited]
     
    We examined the stability of phenotypic variations of root length (RL) in the seedling generation of a cross between Norin 1 (large RL) and Konafubuki (small RL) in different growing seasons and soil water conditions. Seedlings were grown in pots in a greenhouse, and RL was measured when six leaves were expanding. Mean RL largely differed among the environments, i.e., larger in the summer crop season than in the winter crop season and larger in the moderate water condition than in the dry or wet soil condition. The pattern of phenotypic variation of RL was similar, however, in all environments. The distribution of RL had a large peak in the smaller side, and the seedlings seemed to be separated into two groups, small RL and large RL. These results indicate that the pattern of phenotypic variation of RL in the seedling generation of the hybrid population is relatively insensitive to growing seasons and soil water conditions, suggesting that a selection of RL in the seedling generation may be possible in any of these growth conditions.
  • KASHIWAGI Junichi, IWAMA Kazuto, HASEGAWA Toshihiro, NAKASEKO Kimio, MOKI Noriaki, ICHIKAWA Shinji
    Research bulletin of the University Farm,Hokkaido University 北海道大学農学部附属農場 31 (31) 1 - 12 0385-6445 1999 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Ito, O, R. Matsunaga, K. Katayama, S. Tobita, J. Adu-Gyamfi, J. Kashiwagi, T. P. Rao, D. Gayatr
    Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences Journal 3 33 - 48 1996 [Refereed][Not invited]
  • Simplified culture method for detached wheat ears and it's application to wheat breeding
    Kato, K, K. Iwaki, J. Kashiwagi, K. Abe
    7th International symposium on pre-harvest sprouting in cereals 289 - 295 1995 [Refereed][Not invited]

Books etc

  • マメ類の百科事典
    国分牧衛, 村本光二, 石本政男, 加藤淳, 谷口亜樹子 (Contributor熱帯豆類（キマメ，ヒヨコマメ）)
    朝倉書店 2024
  • Crop Physiology Case Histories for Major Crops
    Victor O. Sadras, Daniel F. Calderini (Contributor10. Chickpea)
    Elsevier 2021
  • 熱帯農学概論（125-132ページ）
    江原宏, 樋口浩和 (Contributor6.熱帯の畑作 6.4マメ類)
    Baihukan 2019/01
  • 作物学
    M, Imai, T. Hirasawa (Contributorジャガイモ)
    Buneido 2013/11
  • ジャガイモ辞典
    Encyclopedia of Potato (Contributorphysiology and ecology)
    SansyoDo 2012
  • Root Genomics
    Antonio Costa de Oliveira, Rajeev K. Varshney (ContributorGenomics and Physiological Approaches for Root Trait Breeding to Improve Drought Tolerance in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.).)
    Springer-Verlog 2011
  • ユーラシア農耕史
    Y. Sato Ed (Contributorアジアのマメ)
    Rinsen Shoten 2009
  • Crop Production in Stress Environments: Genetic and Management Options
    Gaur, P.M, S. Pande, H.C. Sharma, C.L.L. Gowda, K.K. Sharma, J.H. Crouch, V. Vadez, J. Kashiwagi (ContributorGenetic enhancement of stress tolerance in chickpea: present status and future prospects)
    AGROBIOS (INTERNATIONAL), Jodhpur, India 2007

Conference Activities & Talks

MISC

Awards & Honors

  • 2024/03 日本作物学会 日本作物学会論文賞
     水稲の初冬直播き栽培における播種時期と種子コーティングが出芽率に及ぼす影響の広域評価 
    受賞者: 鈴木健策 柏木純一 中島大賢 長菅輝義 望月俊宏 安彦友美 古畑昌巳 大平陽一 千葉雅大 木村利行 矢野真二 阿部光希 松田 晃 齋藤 寛 笹川正樹 髙橋元紀 西村 拓 濱本昌一郎 常田岳志 西政 佳 由比 進 下野裕之
  • 2019/03 Crop Science Society of Japan 講演会優秀発表賞
     Importance of ear as an alternative source for drought yield in wheat 
    受賞者: Suzu Nakayama;Yuichiro Yoshioka;Yoshiko Inoue;Shinji Ichikawa;Taiken Nakashima;Junichi Kashiwagi;An Ping

Research Grants & Projects

  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 2022/04 -2025/03 
    Author : 松浦 英幸, 北岡 直樹, 久保 友彦, 黒田 洋輔, 柏木 純一, 北崎 一義, 橋本 誠
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 2019/07 -2022/03 
    Author : Matsuura Hideyuki
     
    It is thought that the energy reserving on the earth are limited, and the effective utilization of unutilized biomass resources will help sustain the human race. From the viewpoint of effective utilization of these resources, many agricultural materials originated from the unutilized biomass resources are commercially available and in use. However, their use is limited to a few events due to a lack of evidence supported by academic support. One example of unutilized biomass produced in large quantities is by-products originated from brewing processes such as beer, sake, grape wine, and shochu. In this project, we focus on the seed residue from wine brewing and report that it is a promising material for increasing the yield of potatoes. The results of this research will serve as a model case study for the construction of a resource-recycling society.
  • 穂の光合成を通じたコムギの干ばつ抵抗性の改善 研究課題
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)：Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
    Date (from‐to) : 2019/04 -2022/03 
    Author : Kashiwagi Junichi
  • 葉部より転流する生理活性物質による植物の抽だい抑制機構の解明と抽だい抑制剤の開発
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)：Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
    Date (from‐to) : 2018/04 -2021/03 
    Author : 松浦 英幸
  • 東アジアに渡来・起源した作物資源の遺伝的評価と開発的研究-第2次
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)：Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
    Date (from‐to) : 2014/04 -2017/03 
    Author : Kato Kenji
  • 子実への転流活性に着目したコムギおよびダイズの旱魃抵抗性の改善
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)：Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
    Date (from‐to) : 2013/04 -2016/03 
    Author : J. Kashiwagi
  • 東アジアに渡来・起源した作物資源の遺伝的評価と開発的研究
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)：Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
    Date (from‐to) : 2011/04 -2014/03 
    Author : Kato Kenji
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    Date (from‐to) : 2009 -2012 
    Author : IWAMA Kazuto, VISSER Richard
     
    Potato plants are week for drought stress because of its small root mass and less extension to deep soil layers. To enhance the improvement of root system in potato breeding, we examined the difference in root mass in a diploid CxE population introduced from the Netherlands and detected a effective QTL for root mass at Chromosome 5. The root mass showed highly correlations with plant earliness and early tuber bulking, of which QTLs were located at the same position of root QTL.
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)：Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (Start-up)
    Date (from‐to) : 2009/04 -2011/03 
    Author : J. Kashiwagi
     
    The objective of this study was to estimate the plant water stress in the community, not in a single plant only, via the transpiration status in wheat. As the plant canopy temperature reflects the transpiration status, it was estimated by using an infrared thermograph in several wheat genotypes developed in Syria and Japan. The canopy temperature of a Japanese genotype which had the smallest seed yield show the highest between the 35 and 57 days after sowing. This indicates that this genotype would suffer from plant water stress during this period, which might result in the largest yield loss through preventing proper panicle development. This study showed the usefulness of infrared thermograph to capture the genotypic differences on canopy temperature in wheat.

Educational Activities

Teaching Experience

  • Food Crops IIFood Crops II Hokkaido University
  • Crop ScienceCrop Science Hokkaido University
  • Food Crops IFood Crops I Hokkaido University
  • Advanced Botany and Agronomy
    開講年度 : 2021
    課程区分 : 修士課程
    開講学部 : 農学院
    キーワード : 食用作物、園芸作物，作物生理、植物病害，植物栄養
  • Advanced Seminar on Botany and Agronomy
    開講年度 : 2021
    課程区分 : 修士課程
    開講学部 : 農学院
    キーワード : 食用作物、園芸作物，作物生理、植物病害，植物栄養
  • Inter-Graduate School Classes(General Subject):Natural and Applied Sciences
    開講年度 : 2021
    課程区分 : 修士課程
    開講学部 : 大学院共通科目
    キーワード : 食用作物、園芸作物，作物生理、植物病害，植物栄養
  • Introduction to Crop Science
    開講年度 : 2021
    課程区分 : 学士課程
    開講学部 : 農学部
    キーワード : 食用作物、栽培、食料生産
  • Food Crops I
    開講年度 : 2021
    課程区分 : 学士課程
    開講学部 : 農学部
    キーワード : イネ、栽培技術、収量、品質、品種
  • Food Crops II
    開講年度 : 2021
    課程区分 : 学士課程
    開講学部 : 農学部
    キーワード : 栽培技術、食用穀物、食用マメ科作物、雑穀、収量、品質
  • Freshman Seminar
    開講年度 : 2021
    課程区分 : 学士課程
    開講学部 : 全学教育
    キーワード : 作物生産　発生・生理　環境応答　生物多様性　生態循環　適応　進化　保全　遺伝的改良　突然変異　遺伝子機能　品種育成

Committee Membership

  • 2018 - Today   Crop Science Society of Japan   Councilors
  • 2013 - Today   Crop Science Society of Japan Hokkaido Branch   Secretariat
  • 2020/04 -2024/03   Crop Science Society of Japan   Chief, Public Relations Committee
  • 2018/04 -2019/03   Japan Society for Tropical Agriculture   Councilors
  • 2018/04 -2018/09   Crop Science Society of Japan   Organizing Committee Chief, The 246th Meeting of the Crop Science Society of Japan
  • 2010/04 -2010/10   Crop Science Society of Japan   Secretariat, The 230th Meeting of the Crop Science Society of Japan
  • 2006 -2007   Japanese Society for Root Research   Editorial Board

Social Contribution

Social Contribution

Social Contribution

  • Agri-University
    Date (from-to) : 2016/09/24-2016/09/24
    Role : Lecturer
    Sponser, Organizer, Publisher  : Hokkaido University & Hokkaido Shinbun Press
    Event, Program, Title : Harvesting is fun

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