MF研究者総覧

研究者データベース

詳細
北　孝文(キタ　タカフミ)
理学研究院　物理学部門　電子物性物理学分野
教授
researchmap個人ページ
Last Updated :2023/11/02

基本情報

所属

  • 理学研究院　物理学部門　電子物性物理学分野

職名

  • 教授

学位

  • 工学博士（東京大学）
  • 工学修士（東京大学）

ホームページURL

J-Global ID

研究キーワード

  • ド・ハース-ファン・アルフェン効果   第二種超伝導体   エントロピー   ボーズ・アインシュタイン凝縮   量子渦   渦糸の動力学   グリーン関数   上部臨界磁場   超流動3He   アルカリ原子気体   自発的対称性の破れ   場の量子論   超流動^3He   ボゴリュボフ励起   超低温   渦糸格子状態   時間反転対称性の破れ   量子輸送方程式   ^3Heの軌道角運動量   異方的超伝導   スピン磁化率   ゲージ不変性とホール効果   電気抵抗   輸送方程式   準粒子状態   超伝導の理論   真木パラメータ   非平衡統計力学   超流動   超伝導   Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics   Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics   

研究分野

  • 自然科学一般 / 磁性、超伝導、強相関系

担当教育組織

職歴

  • 2020年08月 - 現在 北海道大学大学院理学研究院 教授
  • 2010年 - 2020年07月 北海道大学 大学院理学研究院 准教授
  • 1995年 - 同大学助教授（大学院理学研究科物理学専攻) 助教授
  • 1995年 - Associate Professor
  • 1993年 - 北海道大学助教授（理学部物理学科数理物理学第一） 助教授
  • 1993年 - Associate Professor
  • 1993年 05/1993: Associate Professor, Department of Physics, Hokkaido University
  • 1988年 - 東京大学助手（物性研究所理論部門） 助手
  • 1988年 - Research Associate
  • 1988年 04/1988: Research Associate, Institute for Solid-State Physics, University of Tokyo
  • 1985年 - 東京大学助手（工学部物理工学科） 助手
  • 1985年 - Research Associate,10/1985: Research Associate, Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo

学歴

  •         - 1985年   東京大学   工学系研究科   物理工学専攻博士課程中退
  •         - 1985年   東京大学
  •         - 1984年   東京大学   工学系研究科   物理工学専門課程
  •         - 1984年   東京大学
  •         - 1982年   東京大学   工学部   物理工学科
  •         - 1982年   東京大学

所属学協会

  • 日本物理学会   アメリカ物理学会   Physical Society of JapanAmerican Physical Society   

研究活動情報

論文

  • Takafumi Kita
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 92 054004  2023年05月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Takafumi Kita
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 91 11 2022年11月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Marie Ohuchi, Hikaru Ueki, Takafumi Kita
    Physical Review B 105 6 2022年02月22日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Takafumi Kita
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 90 2 024002 - 024002 2021年02月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Takafumi Kita
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 90 2 024001 - 024001 2021年02月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Ezekiel Sambo Joshua, Hikaru Ueki, Wataru Kohno, Takafumi Kita
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 89 10 104702 - 104702 2020年10月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Hikaru Ueki, Hiroki Morita, Marie Ohuchi, Takafumi Kita
    PHYSICAL REVIEW B 101 18 2020年05月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    A drastic enhancement of the thermal Hall angle in d-wave superconductors was observed experimentally in a cuprate superconductor and in CeCoIn5 at low temperatures and very weak magnetic field [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 890 (2001); Phys. Rev. B 72, 214515 (2005)]. However, to the best of our knowledge, its microscopic calculation has not been performed yet. To study this microscopically, we derive the thermal Hall coefficient in extreme type-II superconductors with an isolated pinned vortex based on the augmented quasiclassical equations of superconductivity with the Lorentz force. Using it, we can confirm that the quasiparticle relaxation time and the thermal Hall angle are enhanced in d-wave superconductors without impurities of the resonant scattering because quasiparticles around the gap nodes which become dominant near zero temperature are restricted to the momentum in a specific orientation. This enhancement of the thermal Hall angle may also be observed in other nodal superconductors with large magnetic-penetration depth.
  • Takafumi Kita
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 88 10 104003 - 104003 2019年10月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Takafumi Kita
    JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 88 8 2019年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The specific heat of superfluid He-4 measured with high precision by Greywall [Phys. Rev. B 18, 2127 (1978)] exhibits downward deviations from the expected T-3 law below about 200 mK. The behaviors can be an intrinsic effect of manifesting long-range fluctuations with an anomalous dimension in the single-particle density matrix. according to our recent renormalization-group study on Bose-Einstein condensates [T. Kita, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 88, 054003 (2019)].
  • Akimitsu Kirikoshi, Wataru Kohno, Takafumi Kita
    JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 88 6 2019年06月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We develop a variational approach at finite temperature that incorporates many-body correlation self-consistently. The grand potential is constructed in terms of Green's function expressed by the variational parameters. We apply this formalism to weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensates to incorporate the dynamical 3/2-body processes, which are considered important in the dynamical properties. The processes lower the free energy below the mean-field Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov's value in the same way as a previous zero-temperature formalism. From our numerical results, the pair creation or annihilation processes neglected in the Popov-Shohno approximation are enhanced, particularly in the long wavelength region, owing to the many-body effects. Because the 3/2-body correlations give a finite contribution to the self-energy of quasiparticles, they may change the microscopic properties qualitatively, even in the weak-coupling region.
  • Takafumi Kita
    JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 88 5 2019年05月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We derive exact renormalization-group equations for the n-point vertices (n = 0, 1, 2,...) of interacting single-component Bose-Einstein condensates based on the vertex expansion of the effective action. They have a desirable feature of automatically satisfying Goldstone's theorem I, which yields the Hugenholtz-Pines relation Sigma(0) - mu = Delta(0) as the lowest-order identity. Using them, it is found that the anomalous self-energy Delta(0) vanishes below d(c) = 4 (d(c) = 3) dimensions at finite temperatures (zero temperature), contrary to the Bogoliubov theory predicting a finite "sound-wave" velocity v(s) proportional to [Delta(0)](1/2) > 0. In other words, Bose-Einstein condensates are free from interactions at the excitation threshold. It is also argued that the one-particle density matrix rho(r) equivalent to <(psi) over cap (dagger)(r(1))(psi) over cap (r(1) + r)> for d < d(c) dimensions approaches the off-diagonal-long-range-order value N-0/V asymptotically as r(-d+2-eta) with an anomalous dimension eta > 0. The additional exponent. at finite temperatures is predicted to behave for d = 4 - epsilon dimensions (0 < epsilon << 1) as eta proportional to epsilon(2). Thus, the interacting Bose-Einstein condensates are subject to long-range fluctuations similar to those at the second-order transition point, and their excitations in the one-particle channel are distinct from the Nambu-Goldstone mode with a sound-wave dispersion in the two-particle channel.
  • Watani Kohno, Akimitsu Kirikoshi, Takafumi Kita
    JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 87 12 2018年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We construct a variational wave function for inhomogeneous weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensates beyond the mean-field approximation by incorporating 3/2-body correlations. From our numerical results calculated for a system trapped by a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator, the 3/2-body correlations give a contribution comparable to the mean-field energy toward lowering the ground-state energy.
  • Xiaotian Si, Wataru Kohno, Takafumi Kita
    JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 87 10 2018年10月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We improve the Bardeenn Cooper Schrieffer wave function with a fixed particle number so as to incorporate many-body correlations beyond the mean-field treatment. It is shown that the correlations lower the ground-state energy far more than Cooper-pair condensation in the weak-coupling region. Moreover, they naturally bring a superposition over the number of condensed particles. Thus, Cooper-pair condensation is special among the various bound-state formations of quantum mechanics in that number fluctuations are necessarily present in the condensate through the dynamical exchange of particles with the non-condensate reservoir. On the basis of this result, we propose Delta N-con . Delta phi greater than or similar to 1 as the uncertainty relation relevant to the number-phase fluctuations in superconductors and superfluids, where the number of condensed particles N-con is used instead of the total particle number N. The formula implies that a macroscopic phase phi can be established even in number-fixed superconductors and superfluids since Delta N-con >> 1.
  • Hikaru Ueki, Marie Ohuchi, Takafumi Kita
    JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 87 4 2018年04月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We derive augmented Eilenberger equations that incorporate the following missing force terms: (i) the Lorentz force, (ii) the pair-potential gradient (PPG) force, and (iii) the pressure difference arising from the slope in the density of states (DOS). Recently, augmented Eilenberger equations with the Lorentz and PPG forces have been derived microscopically by studying the Hall and charging effects in superconductors, but the pressure due to the slope in the DOS has not yet been considered in augmented Eilenberger equations, despite phenomenological indications that it is a charging mechanism in a vortex of type-II superconductors. This newly added pressure is called "the SDOS pressure". We calculate the charging in an isolated vortex of an s-wave superconductor with a spherical Fermi surface using the augmented Eilenberger equations incorporating the Lorentz force, PPG force, and SDOS pressure. When we compare the charge densities due to the three force terms in the augmented Eilenberger equations, the vortex-core charging due to the SDOS pressure is larger than that due to the other forces near the superconducting transition temperature. Thus, when we calculate the charging in an isolated vortex of a superconductor with a finite slope in the DOS, we should consider not only the Lorentz and PPG forces but also the SDOS pressure.
  • Wataru Kohno, Akimitsu Kirikoshi, Takafumi Kita
    JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 87 3 2018年03月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We construct a variational ground-state wave function of weakly interacting M-component Bose Einstein condensates beyond the mean-field theory by incorporating the dynamical 3/2-body processes, where one of the two colliding particles drops into the condensate and vice versa. Our numerical results with various masses and particle numbers show that the 3/2-body processes between different particles make finite contributions to lowering the ground-state energy, implying that many-body correlation effects between different particles are essential even in the weak-coupling regime of the Bose - Einstein condensates. We also consider the stability condition for 2-component miscible states using the new ground-state wave function. Through this calculation, we obtain the relation U-AB(2)/UAAUBB < 1 + alpha, where U-ij is the effective contact potential between particles i and j and a is the correction, which originates from the 3/2- and 2-body processes.
  • Ohuchi Marie, Ueki Hikaru, Kita Takafumi
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 86 7 073702 - 073702 The Physical Society of Japan 2017年07月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Besides the magnetic Lorentz force familiar from the Hall effect in metals and semiconductors, there exists a mechanism for charging peculiar to superconductors that is caused by the pair-potential gradient (PPG). We incorporate it in the augmented quasiclassical equations of superconductivity with the Lorentz force to study charging of an isolated vortex in an equilibrium s-wave type-II superconductor. It is found that the PPG mechanism gives rise to charging concentrated within the core whose magnitude at the core center can be 10 to 102times larger than that caused by the Lorentz force. Our detailed calculations on the spatial, temperature, and magnetic-penetration-depth dependences of the vortex-core charge reveal that the PPG mechanism contributes dominantly to the core charging of the isolated vortex over a wide parameter range. The two mechanisms are also found to work additively at the core center for the present model with an isotropic Fermi surface.
  • Kita Takafumi
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 86 4 044003 - 044003 The Physical Society of Japan 2017年04月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Kohno Wataru, Ueki Hikaru, Kita Takafumi
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 86 2 023702 - 023702 The Physical Society of Japan 2017年02月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    On the basis of the augmented quasiclassical theory of superconductivity with the Lorentz force, we study the magnetic field dependence of the charge distribution due to the Lorentz force in a d-wave vortex lattice with anisotropic Fermi surfaces. Owing to the competition between the energy-gap and Fermi surface anisotropies, the charge profile in the vortex lattice changes dramatically with increasing magnetic field because of the overlaps of each nearest vortex-core charge. In addition, the accumulated charge in the core region may reverse its sign as a function of magnetic field. This strong field dependence of the vortex-core charge cannot be observed in the model with an isotropic Fermi surface.
  • Kazumasa Tsutsui, Yusuke Kato, Takafumi Kita
    JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 85 12 2016年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We study an interacting spinless Bose-Einstein condensate to clarify theoretically whether the spectra of its quasiparticles (one-particle excitations) and collective modes (two-particle excitations) are identical, as concluded by Gavoret and Nozieres [Ann. Phys. (N. Y.) 28, 349 (1964)]. We derive analytic expressions for their first and second moments so as to extend the Bijl-Feynman formula for the peak of the collective-mode spectrum to its width (inverse lifetime) and also to the one-particle channel. The obtained formulas indicate that the width of the collective-mode spectrum manifestly vanishes in the long-wavelength limit, whereas that of the quasiparticle spectrum apparently remains finite. We also evaluate the peaks and widths of the two spectra numerically for a model interaction potential in terms of the Jastrow wave function optimized by a variational method. It is thereby found that the width of the quasiparticle spectrum increases towards a constant as the wavenumber decreases. This marked difference in the spectral widths implies that the two spectra are distinct. In particular, the lifetime of the quasiparticles remains finite even in the long-wavelength limit.
  • Kazumasa Tsutsui, Takafumi Kita
    JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 85 11 2016年11月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We derive an expression for the reduced density matrices of ideal Bose and Fermi gases in the canonical ensemble, which corresponds to the Bloch-De Dominicis (or Wick's) theorem in the grand canonical ensemble for normal-ordered products of operators. Using this expression, we study one-and two-body correlations of homogeneous ideal gases with N particles. The pair distribution function g((2))(r) of fermions clearly exhibits antibunching with g((2))(0) = 0 due to the Pauli exclusion principle at all temperatures, whereas that of normal bosons shows bunching with g((2))(0) approximate to 2, corresponding to the Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect. For bosons below the Bose-Einstein condensation temperature T-0, an off-diagonal long-range order develops in the one-particle density matrix to reach g((1))(r) = 1 at T = 0, and the pair correlation starts to decrease towards g((2))(r) approximate to 1 at T = 0. The results for N -> infinity are seen to converge to those of the grand canonical ensemble obtained by assuming the average <(psi) over cap (r)> of the field operator (psi) over cap (r) below T-0. This fact justifies the introduction of the "anomalous" average <(psi) over cap (r)> not equal 0 below T-0 in the grand canonical ensemble as a mathematical means of removing unphysical particle-number fluctuations to reproduce the canonical results in the thermodynamic limit.
  • Wataru Kohno, Hikaru Ueki, Takafumi Kita
    JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 85 8 2016年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We study vortex charging caused by the Lorentz force on supercurrent based on the augmented quasiclassical equations of superconductivity. Our numerical study on an s-wave vortex lattice in the range H-c1 < H < H-c2 reveals that each vortex core with a single flux quantum also accumulates charge due to the circulating supercurrent and has a Hall voltage across the core. The field dependence of the charge density at the core center is well described by rho(0) proportional to H(H-c2 - H) with a peak near H-c2/2 originating from competition between the increasing magnetic field and the decreasing pair potential. The peak value of the accumulated charge in a core region of radius 0.5 xi(0) is estimated to be about eta Delta(0)/(kF xi(0)) x broken vertical bar e broken vertical bar C per Delta z = 10 angstrom along the flux line at low temperatures, where eta = pi c(0)Delta(z)/broken vertical bar e broken vertical bar(2) = 1.09 x 10(18) J(-1) with e < 0 the charge of an electron, Delta(0) the energy gap at T = 0, k(F) the Fermi wave number, and xi(0) the coherence length at T = 0.
  • Hikaru Ueki, Wataru Kohno, Takafumi Kita
    JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 85 6 2016年06月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We derive augmented quasiclassical equations of superconductivity with the Lorentz force in the Matsubara formalism so that the charge redistribution due to supercurrent can be calculated quantitatively. Using it, we obtain an analytic expression for the vortex-core charge of an isolated vortex in extreme type-II materials given in terms of the London penetration depth and the equilibrium Hall coefficient. It depends strongly on the Fermi surface curvature and gap anisotropy, and may change sign even as a function of temperature due to the variation in the excitation curvature under the growing energy gap. This is also confirmed in our numerical study of high-T-c superconductors.
  • 筒井 和政, 北 孝文, 加藤 雄介
    日本物理学会講演概要集 71 658 - 658 一般社団法人日本物理学会 2016年
  • 河野 航, 植木 輝, 北 孝文
    日本物理学会講演概要集 71 1774 - 1774 一般社団法人日本物理学会 2016年
  • 植木 輝, 河野 航, 北 孝文
    日本物理学会講演概要集 71 1773 - 1773 一般社団法人日本物理学会 2016年
  • Takafumi Kita
    JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 83 6 2014年06月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We clarify basic properties of an effective action (i.e., self-consistent perturbation expansion) for interacting Bose-Einstein condensates, where field psi itself acquires a finite thermodynamic average besides two-point Green's function (G) over cap to form an off-diagonal long-range order. It is shown that the action can be expressed concisely order by order in terms of the interaction vertex and a special combination of and (G) over cap so as to satisfy both Noether's theorem and Goldstone's theorem (I) corresponding to the first proof. The self-energy is predicted to have a one-particlereducible structure due to not equal 0 to transform the Bogoliubov mode into a bubbling mode with a substantial decay rate.
  • Kazumasa Tsutsui, Takafumi Kita
    JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 83 3 2014年03月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We study the lifetime of single-particle excitations in a dilute homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate at zero temperature based on a self-consistent perturbation expansion of satisfying Goldstone's theorem and conservation laws simultaneously. It is shown that every excitation for each momentum p should have a finite lifetime proportional to the inverse a(-1) of the s-wave scattering length a, instead of a(-2) for the normal state, due to a new class of Feynman diagrams for the self-energy that emerges upon condensation. We calculate the lifetime as a function of vertical bar p vertical bar approximately.
  • Kazumasa Tsutsui, Takafumi Kita
    JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 82 6 2013年06月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The ground-state energy per particle E/N and condensate density n(0) of a dilute Bose gas are studied with a self-consistent perturbation expansion satisfying the Hugenholtz-Pines theorem and conservation laws simultaneously. A class of Feynman diagrams for the self-energy, which has escaped consideration so far, is shown to add an extra constant c(ip) similar to O(1) to the expressions reported by Lee, Huang, and Yang [Phys. Rev. 106, 1135 (1957) ] as E/N=(2 pi h(2) an/m)[1 + (128/15 root pi +16(ip)/5)root a(3)n] and n(0)/n= 1-(8/3 root pi+c(ip))\root a(3)n, where a, n, and m are are the s-wave scattering length, particle density, and particle mass, respectively. We present a couple of estimates for c(ip); the third-order perturbation expansion yields c(ip) = 0.412.
  • Kazumasa Tsutsui, Takafumi Kita
    JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 81 11 2012年11月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We consider the Bose-Einstein transition of homogeneous weakly interacting spin-0 particles based on the normal-state Phi-derivable approximation. Self-consistent calculations of Green's function and the chemical potential with several approximate Phi's are performed numerically as a function of temperature near T-c, which exhibit qualitatively different results. The ladder approximation apparently shows a continuous transition with the prefactor c = 2.94 for the transition-temperature shift Delta T-c/T-c(0) = can(1/3) given in terms of the scattering length a and density n. In contrast, the second-order, particle-hole, and fluctuation-exchange approximations yield a first-order transition. The fact that some standard Phi's predict a first-order transition challenges us to clarify whether or not the transition is really continuous.
  • Takafumi Kita
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 80 12 124704 - 124704 2011年12月15日 [査読有り]
  • Takafumi Kita
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 80 8 084606 - 084606 2011年08月15日 [査読有り]
  • Takafumi Kita
    Physical Review B 81 21 2010年06月14日 [査読有り]
  • T. Kita
    Progress of Theoretical Physics 123 4 581 - 658 2010年04月01日 [査読有り][招待有り]
  • Takafumi Kita
    Physical Review B 80 21 2009年12月03日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Takafumi Kita
    Physical Review B 79 2 2009年01月30日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Kita Takafumi, Yamashita Hiromasa
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 77 2 024711 - 024711 一般社団法人日本物理学会 2008年02月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We report a microscopic derivation of a quantum transport equation for Bloch electrons of metals based on the Dyson equation for the nonequilibrium Keldysh Green's function. Effects of the periodic lattice potential and external electromagnetic fields are taken into account from the beginning by expanding Green's function in terms of modified Wannier functions with the Peierls phase. We then introduce a Wigner representation of Green's function in terms of the crystal momentum and carry out the first-order gradient expansion of the Dyson equation. These procedures enable us to obtain a gauge-invariant quantum transport equation which can describe nonequilibrium evolutions of electrons in metals beyond the semiclassical Boltzmann equations and the linear response theory.
  • Takafumi Kita
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 76 6 064006 - 064006 2007年06月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Kondo Yoshiyuki, Kita Takafumi
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 76 2 024008 - 024008 一般社団法人日本物理学会 2007年02月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We develop a mean-field theory for Bose–Einstein condensation of spin-1 atoms with internal degrees of freedom. It is applicable to nonuniform systems at finite temperatures with a plausible feature of satisfying the Hugenholtz–Pines theorem and various conservation laws simultaneously. Using it, we clarify thermodynamic properties and the excitation spectra of a uniform gas. The condensate is confirmed to remain in the same internal state from $T=0$ up to $T_{\text{c } }$ for both antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions. The excitation spectra of the antiferromagnetic (ferromagnetic) interaction are found to have only a single gapless mode, contrary to the prediction of the Bogoliubov theory where three (two) of them are gapless. We present a detailed discussion on those single-particle excitations in connection with the collective excitations.
  • Kita Takafumi
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 75 12 124005 - 124005 一般社団法人日本物理学会 2006年12月15日 [査読有り]
     
    A statistical-mechanical investigation is performed on Rayleigh–Bénard convection of a dilute classical gas starting from the Boltzmann equation. We first present a microscopic derivation of basic hydrodynamic equations and an expression of entropy appropriate for the convection. This includes an alternative justification for the Oberbeck–Boussinesq approximation. We then calculate entropy change through the convective transition choosing mechanical quantities as independent variables. Above the critical Rayleigh number, the system is found to evolve from the heat-conducting uniform state towards the convective roll state with monotonic increase of entropy on the average. Thus, the principle of maximum entropy proposed for nonequilibrium steady states in a preceding paper [T. Kita: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 75 (2006) 114005] is indeed obeyed in this prototype example. The principle also provides a natural explanation for the enhancement of the Nusselt number in convection.
  • T. Shibauchi, L. Krusin-Elbaum, Y. Kasahara, Y. Shimono, Y. Matsuda, R. D. McDonald, C. H. Mielke, S. Yonezawa, Z. Hiroi, M. Arai, T. Kita, G. Blatter, M. Sigrist
    Physical Review B 74 22 2006年12月07日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Takafumi Kita
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 75 11 114005 - 114005 2006年11月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Takafumi Kita
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 75 4 044603 - 044603 2006年04月15日 [通常論文]
  • T. Shibauchi, L. Krusin-Elbaum, Y. Kasahara, Y. Shimono, Y. Matsuda, R. D. McDonald, C. H. Mielke, S. Yonezawa, Z. Hiroi, M. Arai, T. Kita, G. Blatter, M. Sigrist
    YAMADA CONFERENCE LX ON RESEARCH IN HIGH MAGNETIC FIELDS 51 295 - + 2006年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We determine the temperature dependence of the upper critical field H-c2 in KOs2O6 from resistivity and magnetic measurements in high magnetic fields up to 50 T. By both techniques we find linear temperature dependence all the way below T-c and uncommonly high H-c2 (T -> 0 K) similar to 33 T. We show that this unusual H-c2 can be understood as a consequence of paramagnetic limit Hp remarkably enhanced by the broken spatial inversion symmetry proposed recently, ensuring that the pair-breaking here is executed by orbital degrees, associated with the smaller closed Fermi surfaces.
  • Takafumi Kita, Masao Arai
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 74 10 2813 - 2830 2005年10月 [査読有り]
  • Kita Takafumi
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 74 7 1891 - 1894 一般社団法人日本物理学会 2005年07月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We formulate a conserving gapless mean-field theory for Bose–Einstein condensates on the basis of a Luttinger–Ward thermodynamic functional. It is applied to a weakly interacting uniform gas with density $n$and $s$-wave scattering length $a$to clarify its fundamental thermodynamic properties. It is found that the condensation here occurs as a first-order transition. The shift of the transition temperature $\Delta T_{\text{c } }$from the ideal-gas result $T_{0}$is positive and given to the leading order by $\Delta T_{\text{c } } = 2.33an^{1/3}T_{0}$, in agreement with a couple of previous estimates. The theory is expected to form a new theoretical basis for trapped Bose--Einstein condensates at finite temperatures.
  • Koichi Watanabe, Takafumi Kita, Masao Arai
    Physical Review B 71 14 2005年04月29日 [査読有り]
  • Takafumi Kita, Masao Arai
    Physical Review B 70 22 2004年12月29日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Masao Arai, Takafumi Kita
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 73 11 2924 - 2927 2004年11月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Watanabe Koichi, Kita Takafumi
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 73 8 2239 - 2244 一般社団法人日本物理学会 2004年08月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We study nonmagnetic impurity effects in MgB2 using the quasiclassical equations of superconductivity for a weak-coupling two-band model. Parameters in the model are fixed so as to reproduce experiments on MgB2 as closely as possible. The quasiparticle density of states and the specific heat are calculated for various values of the interband impurity scattering. The density of states changes gradually from a two-gap structure into the conventional single-gap structure as the interband scattering increases. It is found that the excitation threshold is not a monotonic function of the interband scattering. Calculated results for the specific heat are in good agreements with experiments on samples after irradiation.
  • Kita Takafumi
    PHYSICAL REVIEW B 69 14 144507 - 144507 American Physical Society 2004年04月12日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    A theoretical study is performed on the entropy Ss and the spin susceptibility s near the upper critical field Hc2 for s-wave type-II superconductors with arbitrary impurity concentrations. The changes of these quantities through Hc2 may be expressed as [Ss(T,B)–Ss(T,0)]/[Sn(T)–Ss(T,0)] = 1–αS(1–B/Hc2)=(B/Hc2)αS, for example, where B is the average flux density and Sn denotes entropy in the normal state. It is found that the slopes S and at T = 0 are identical, connected directly with the zero-energy density of states, and vary from 1.72 in the dirty limit to 0.5–0.6 in the clean limit. This mean-free-path dependence of αS and αx at T = 0 is quantitatively the same as that of the slope αp(T = 0) for the flux-flow resistivity studied previously. The result suggests that Ss(B) and Xs(B) near T = 0 are convex downward (upward) in the dirty (clean) limit, deviating substantially from the linear behavior B/Hc2. The specific-heat jump at Hc2 also shows fairly large mean-free-path dependence.
  • Takafumi Kita
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 73 1 21 - 24 2004年01月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Kita Takafumi
    PHYSICAL REVIEW B 68 18 184503 - 184503 American Physical Society 2003年11月05日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    This paper presents revised calculations for the Maki parameters k1 and k2 and the pair potential Δ(r) of s-wave type-II superconductors near the upper critical field Hc2 with arbitrary impurity concentration. It is found that Eilenberger's well-known results on k2 [Phys. Rev. 153, 584 (1967)] are not correct quantitatively, which are modified appropriately. Calculations are also performed for a two-dimensional system with an isotropic Fermi surface. The results on clean systems differ substantially from those for the three-dimensional system with a spherical Fermi surface. This fact indicates the necessity of considering detailed Fermi-surface structures for a quantitative understanding of the parameters. The coefficient of Δ(r)(Hc2–B)1/2, which is basic to any theoretical evaluation of the thermodynamic and transport properties near Hc2, is obtained accurately.
  • K Machida, T Mizushima, T Kita, T Isoshima
    LASER PHYSICS 13 8 1083 - 1090 2003年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    It is shown theoretically that the Mermin-Ho vortex is stable in a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate within extended Bogoliubov theory. The phase diagrams for ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spinor BEC in a plane of the magnetization of the system and external rotation frequency are calculated. There are several types of vortices with axisymmetry and nonaxisymmetry. Multiple Mermin-Ho vortex configuration is shown to be stable under higher rotation. We also discuss how to create and how to detect the Mermin-Ho vortex.
  • T Mizushima, K Machida, T Kita
    PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER 329 17 - 18 2003年05月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) realized in alkali atomic gases with the hyperfine state F = 1 keep "spin" states degenerate and active under an optical trap. These systems, so-called spinor BEC are analogous to the A-phase of the superfluid He-3. Among various topological structures, the Mermin-Ho and Anderson-Toulouse vortices are proposed in superfluid He-3-A phase. We demonstrate by solving the extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation that these topological structures are thermodynamically stable in ferromagnetic spinor BEC under rotation. Furthermore, we show the collective modes for such the vortices within Bogoliubov theory. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Kita Takafumi
    PHYSICAL REVIEW B 66 22 224515 - 224515 American Physical Society 2002年12月31日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    This paper studies vortex-lattice phases of rapidly rotating superfluid 3He based on the Ginzburg-Landau free-energy functional, where strong-coupling effects are included in the pressure dependence of the fourth-order β parameters. To identify stable phases in the p-Ω plane (p=pressure, Ω=angular velocity), the functional is minimized with the Landau-level expansion method using up to 3000 Landau levels. With nine complex order parameters, this system can sustain various exotic vortices by either (i) shifting vortex cores among different components or (ii) filling in cores with components not used in the bulk. In addition, the phase near the upper critical angular velocity Ωc2 is neither the Balian-Werthamer state nor the Anderson-Brinkman-Morel state, but the polar state with the smallest superfluid density, as already shown by Schopohl. Thus, multiple phases are anticipated to exist in the p-Ω plane. Six different phases are found in the present calculation performed over 0.0001Ωc2<~Ω<~Ωc2, where Ωc2 is of order (1-T/Tc)×107 rad/s. It is shown that the double-core vortex experimentally found in the B phase originates from the conventional hexagonal lattice of the polar state near Ωc2 via (i) a phase composed of interpenetrating polar and Scharnberg-Klemm sublattices, (ii) the A-phase mixed-twist lattice with polar cores, (iii) the normal-core lattice found in the isolated-vortex calculation by Ohmi, Tsuneto, and Fujita, and (iv) the A-phase-core vortex discovered in another isolated-vortex calculation by Salomaa and Volovik. It is predicted that the double-core vortex will disappear completely in the experimental p-T phase diagram to be replaced by the A-phase-core vortex in the angular velocity of order 103–104 rad/s.
  • Kita T., Mizushima T., Machida K.
    PHYSICAL REVIEW A 66 6 61601 - 61601 American Physical Society 2002年12月18日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Vortex-lattice structures of antiferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein condensates with hyperfine spin F=1 are investigated theoretically based on the Ginzburg-Pitaevskii equations near Tc. The Abrikosov lattice with clear core regions is never found to be stable at any rotation drive Ω. Instead, each component Ψi (i=0,±1) prefers to shift the core locations away from the others to realize almost uniform order-parameter amplitude with complicated magnetic-moment configurations. This system is characterized by many competing metastable structures so that quite a variety of vortices may be realized with a small change in external parameters.
  • Kouji Yasui, Takafumi Kita
    Physical Review B 66 18 2002年11月27日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • T. Mizushima, K. Machida, T. Kita
    Physical Review A 66 5 2002年11月12日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Takafumi Kita
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 71 8 1795 - 1797 2002年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • T. Mizushima, K. Machida, T. Kita
    Physical Review Letters 89 3 2002年06月25日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Yasui Kouji, Kita Takafumi
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 70 10 2852 - 2855 THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2001年10月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We present a theoretical study on the de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) oscillation in the vortex state of type-II superconductors, with a special focus on the connection between the gap anisotropy and the oscillation damping. Numerical calculations for three different gap structures clearly indicate that the average gap along the extremal orbit is relevant for the magnitude of the extra damping, thereby providing support for experimental efforts to probe gap anisotropy through the dHvA signal. We also derive an analytic formula for the extra damping which will be useful to estimate angle- and/or band-dependent gap amplitudes.
  • Takafumi Kita
    Physical Review B 64 5 2001年06月29日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Takafumi Kita
    Physical Review Letters 86 5 834 - 837 2001年01月29日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Kouji Yasui, Takafumi Kita
    Physical Review Letters 83 20 4168 - 4171 1999年11月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Kita Takafumi
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 68 11 3740 - 3741 一般社団法人日本物理学会 1999年11月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Takafumi Kita
    Physical Review Letters 83 9 1846 - 1849 1999年08月30日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Kita Takafumi
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 67 6 2067 - 2074 一般社団法人日本物理学会 1998年06月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    This paper presents a powerful method to obtain flux-lattice solutionsof the Ginzburg-Landau equations in any external field.A key point lies in expanding the order parameter Ψin a basis consisting of the eigenstates ofthe magnetic translation operators in the mean flux density B.It is shown that retaining a few terms in the expansionprovides practically exact solutions over$0 \lesssim B \leq H_{ { \rm c}2}$.Abrikosov's result near H c2 is obtained hereas a lowest-order approximation.The method clarifies how the higher-Landau-level mixing growsas the field is decreased from H c2.
  • Kita Takafumi
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 67 6 2075 - 2083 一般社団法人日本物理学会 1998年06月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    This paper generalizesthe method of using the magnetic Bloch states to obtain flux-latticesolutions of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations.Developed by several groups,this method has had a limited applicability to the s-wave pairingand to high-κ materials where thespatial variation of the magnetic field may be neglected.It is extended here so that:(i) an arbitrary anisotropic pairing can be handled;(ii) the effect of the screening current can be taken into account.Hence the formalism will enable a fully microscopicdescription of various Abrikosov lattices in clean type-II superconductorsover H c1 ≤H ≤H c2.
  • Kita Takafumi
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 67 1 216 - 224 一般社団法人日本物理学会 1998年01月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    With proper care on the boundary conditions,the total orbital angular momentum Lz at finite temperatures is microscopically calculatedfor the Anderson-Brinkman-Morel state in a cylinder with axial symmetry about the z axis,i.e. the textures considered by McClure and Takagi at T=0.The pairing in this geometry occurs between m and 1-m one-particle states, where m denotes the axial quantum number.It is found that Lz decreases from its zero temperature value $\frac{\hbar},{2} {\cal N}$,with N the total particle number, in the same way asthe components of the superfluid density tensor.Responsible for this reduction is identified to be the phase shift between m and 1-m quasiparticle states caused by the difference in the centrifugal potentials.This fact implies that the plane-wave representation is not suitable for the problem.
  • Kita Takafumi
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 65 5 1355 - 1372 一般社団法人日本物理学会 1996年05月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    A theory of a Fermi superfluid is formulated based on the condensate wave function of the configuration space.First, two basic ingredients areextracted from the wave function, i.e. the effective condensate wave function v(x1,x2) and the quasiparticle field γ(x) with xdenoting the space and spin coordinates rα.After transforming a Hamiltonian into a normal-ordered productof γ, a perturbation expansionwith respect to the quasiparticle interaction is formulatedfor both the thermodynamic potential Ωand the one-particle density matrix ρ.The thermodynamic potential thus obtained includes the normal-state expression of Luttinger and Ward as the limit of v→ 0.The density matrix is written as a sum of the coherent part ρ( c)and the quasiparticle part ρ( q),where ρ( c) is expressed only with respect to v(x1,x2).It is shown that v and γ are responsible forthe coherent and thermodynamic properties respectively.Thus the present formalism gives a microscopic foundation for the two-fluid model.Connections with the Gor'kov equations and the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations are also clarified.It is found that the one-particle density matrices of those formalismsare not equivalent to ρ of the present formalism.The origin of the angular momentum paradox of 3He - Ais traced to this difference.
  • Kita Takafumi
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 65 5 1373 - 1382 一般社団法人日本物理学会 1996年05月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The formalism of the preceding paper is applied to a system of uniform flow.Explicit expressions are obtained for the specific heat: CV,the superfluid-density tensor: ρ, and the spin susceptibility of the singlet pairing: χ.It is the quasiparticle excitation near the excitation thresholdthat is responsible for these quantities.The three expressions for v→0 reduce to the normal-state results of Luttinger;the Leggett expressions of ρ and χare reproduced by neglecting the feedback effects.
  • Takafumi Kita
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 65 4 908 - 911 1996年04月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Kita Takafumi
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 65 3 664 - 666 一般社団法人日本物理学会 1996年03月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The kinetic energy of a charged system is calculated for Mermin's one-particledensity matrix of Fermi superfluids. The final expression consistsof two separate contributions from the center-of-mass and the relative motionsof an effective bound-state wave function. The relative part naturally includes coupling of the intrinsic orbital angular momentum densityto the magnetic field.For 3 He-A at T=0, its magnitudeis $(\hbar / 2) \times $(number density),in agreement with Ishikawa's result.
  • Kita Takafumi
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 62 10 3539 - 3556 一般社団法人日本物理学会 1993年10月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Broken time-reversal ($T$) symmetry of anisotropic superfluidity implies topological change of the whole Fermi sphere. An infinite string pierces through the Fermi sphere; the phase of the pair state $|\mbi{k},\ -\mbi{k}\rangle_{\text{s } }$ is multivalued around it; and at $T{=}0$, the one-particle occupation number $n^{(\text{s})}(\mbi{k})$ vanishes on the string. Through these observations, this paper settles the problem of the intrinsic orbital angular momentum in 3He–A: The momentum density at $T{=}0$ is given by $\mbi{g},{=}N_{\text{s } }\mbi{Mv}_{\text{s } }+(1/4)\nabla\times (N_{\text{s } }\hbar\mbi{l})-(\hbar/2)C_{0}\mbi{l}(\mbi{l},{\cdot}\nabla\times\mbi{l})$ with $C_{0},{=}0$, namely, the third term is absent due to $n^{(\text{s})}(\mbi{k}){=}0$ for $\mbi{k},{//}\mbi{l}$. The process reveals that the Green's function approach based on the plane wave expansion fails to describe the topological change. Also, the conclusion raises several basic problems such as the divergence of $H_{\text{c}2}$ for T-breaking superconductivity. Finally, this paper presents a principle connecting the magnetic field with the phase singularity of the wave function. Its implications to the charged-anyon model and the Dirac monopole are also discussed.
  • Takafumi Kita
    Physical Review B 48 6 3949 - 3968 1993年08月01日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Takafumi Kita
    Physical Review B 43 7 5343 - 5354 1991年03月01日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Yasutami Takada, Takafumi Kita
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 60 1 25 - 28 1991年01月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Yasutami Takada, Takafumi Kita
    Physical Review A 42 6 3242 - 3250 1990年09月01日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Takafumi Kita, Yasutami Takada
    Physical Review A 42 6 3251 - 3258 1990年09月01日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Takafumi Kita
    Physical Review B 40 16 10816 - 10830 1989年12月01日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Kita Takafumi
    J Phys Soc Jpn 56 12 4598 - 4608 一般社団法人日本物理学会 1987年12月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Higher-order coefficients of the asymptotic expansion ($t{\rightarrow}\infty$) for the soft-X-ray-absorption response function $I(t)$ are treated analytically. Based on the model by Mahan and Nozières and de Dominicis, formulation is performed for the coefficient of any order and exact expressions are given for the leading three terms of the series. When transformed into the frequency space, the series of the expansion are expressed in a form with a frequency dependent exponent, which suggests strongly the validity of the generalized power-law formula proposed to surpass the one by Nozières and de Dominicis. For a model conduction band, some numerical examples are presented to show wide applicability of the obtained formula.
  • Kita Takafumi, Ohtaka Kazuo, Tanabe Yukito
    J Phys Soc Jpn 56 12 4609 - 4626 一般社団法人日本物理学会 1987年12月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The X-ray absorption and emission in metals with a localized (resonant) state within the band are treated both analytically and numerically. The model introduced by Kotani and Toyozawa is generalized so as to take into account the scattering of the conduction electrons by the core-hole potential and analyzed by the Fermi golden rule approach. Exact analytic expressions are derived for the line shapes near the threshold and near the localized state while the spectra over the entire frequency range are obtained numerically within an error of 1%. The competition between the edge singularity, the Fano effect and the peak corresponding to the localized state give rise to a variety of the spectral line shapes. In some cases disappearance of the edge singularity due to the Fano effect is shown to be observed.
  • Kita Takafumi, Ohtaka Kazuo, Tanabe Yukito
    J Phys Soc Jpn 56 1 387 - 407 一般社団法人日本物理学会 1987年01月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    An analytic treatment is given for the deviations of XAS and XPS intensities from the asymptotic power-law behaviors given by Nozières and de Dominicis (ND). In deriving the formulae, the core-hole potential is assumed to be of contact-type and the energy dependences of physical quantities such as the phase shift and the dispersion integrals are taken into account up to linear terms with respect to the energy. It is shown that the deviations from the asymptotic formulae are expressed by introducing several new quantities which are derived from the first principle. It is also found that the deviations can be incorporated in the framework of the generalized (frequency-dependent) power-law. By comparing with the exact numerical results, the obtained formulae are demonstrated to have much wider applicability in the frequency space than the asymptotic ND formulae.
  • Kita Takafumi, Tanabe Yukito
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 54 6 2293 - 2303 一般社団法人日本物理学会 1985年06月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The line shapes of the optical transition \includegraphics{dummy.eps} of Cr3+ in GdAlO3 are calculated. All the local exchange interactions around the Cr3+ ion, including Gd3+–Gd3+ ones, are taken into account to determine the eigenstate of the $^{4}A_{2}$ state and of the $^{2}E$ state. Possible mechanisms for the transition are considered and selection rules are obtained for each mechanism. From the comparison of the theoretical curves with the experiments, the magnitudes of the Cr3+–Gd3+ exchange integrals are predicted to be $-1.0$ cm-1 for the $^{4}A_{2}$ state and $-0.55$ cm-1 for the $^{2}E$ state. The agreement between the theory and the experiment is fairly good.
  • Kita Takafumi, Tanabe Yukito
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 54 6 2304 - 2310 一般社団法人日本物理学会 1985年06月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The ground configuration of Gd3+ spins with a Cr3+ spin at an Al3+ site is investigated theoretically by treating spins as classical axial vectors. It is found that the eight nearest-neighbour Gd3+ spins around the Cr3+ spin align ferromagnetically or antiferromagnetically, according as the maximum of the molecular field on each Gd3+ site which is caused by the Cr3+–Gd3+ exchange interaction is larger or smaller than that caused by the six Gd3+–Gd3+ ones. The result is interesting in connection with the spectrum of Cr3+ in GdAlO3 below $T_{\text{N } },{=}3.9$ K.

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    研究期間 : 2001年 -2004年 
    代表者 : 北 孝文
     
    第二種超伝導体におけるド・ハース-ファン・アルフェン振動の理論的解明上記の現象を数値的・解析的手法を用いて理論的に解析・解明し、渦糸格子相で観測される振動の減衰に対する理論的表式を与えた。また、超伝導ギャップの異方性がド・ハース-ファン・アルフェン振動を用いて決定できることを示した。超流動^3Heとスピノール・ボーズ・アインシュタイン凝縮相における新たな量子渦構造の予言ギンツブルグ-ランダウ方程式を用いて高回転場における超流動^3Heの量子渦構造を解明し、実験に対する指針を与えた。また、3成分スピノール・ボーズ・アインシュタイン凝縮相の低回転場・高回転場における量子渦構造を計算した。低回転場においてはマーミン-ホ構造と呼ばれる渦芯のない特異な構造が安定化し、高回転場においては多数の状態がエネルギー的にほぼ縮退しているソフトな構造が実現することを明らかにした。第二種超伝導体における真木パラメータの計算真木パラメータは第二種超伝導体を特徴付ける物理量の一つで、磁場中超伝導転移における比熱の跳びの大きさや磁化曲線の勾配変化に直接関係する。この真木パラメータを詳細に計算した。特に、クリーンな超伝導体において、真木パラメータがフェルミ面の形状に大きく依存することを明らかにした。第二種超伝導体の上部臨界磁場に対する第一原理計算上部臨界磁場H_は、第二種超伝導体を特徴づける基本的物...
  • 文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(C))
    研究期間 : 1999年 -2000年 
    代表者 : 北 孝文
     
    (1)UPt_3とSr_2RuO_4の渦糸状態の理論的解明これら2つの物質、特にUPt_3では、二つ以上のオーダー・パラメータを持つ超伝導状態が出現している可能性が高い。Landau準位展開法により、これらの物質に対するGL方程式を全磁場領域で精度よく解いた。そして、コアの無い全く新しい渦糸状態が実現される可能性のあることを指摘した。この新たな渦糸状態は、2ピーク構造という特徴的な磁場分布を持ち、NMRやμSRの実験で検証することができる。すでにいくつかのグループにより実験が始まっており、観測されれば全く新しい渦糸状態の発見となる。(2)d波超伝導体の準粒子状態とSTMスペクトルd_波とs波超伝導体についてBdG方程式をLandau準位展開法で数値的に解き、低磁場領域における両者の準粒子状態の詳細・違いを明らかにした。D_波はBi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_8_+_δ等の高温超伝導体で実現されており、その渦糸中心の準粒子状態には理論・実験両面から大きな関心が寄せられている。計算の結果、d_波の低エネルギー準粒子が磁気ブリルアン領域内で大きな分散を持ち、束縛状態が無いことが確認できた。また渦糸中心でのSTMスペクトルを計算し、YB_2Cu_3O_7_-_δの実験結果を定性的に説明できることを明らかにした。さらに、d_
  • 文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(奨励研究(A))
    研究期間 : 1994年 -1994年 
    代表者 : 北 孝文
     
    この1年間の研究により、すべての粒子が実空間(r空間)で二粒子束縛状態を作っている、という描像から出発した超伝導理論の定式化をほぼ終えることができ、論文にまとめる段階まで来ている。この定式化の特徴は、以下の3点にある。1.BCS理論の結論をある極限において再現する。2.多体相関の効果を、normal stateと同様の摂動展開により系統的に取り組むことができる。3.絶対零度での超流動^3He-Aの軌道角運動量が、(N/2)hであると予言する。3については、既成の理論、すなわちゴルコフ方程式との違いがどこにあるのかも明らかにすることができた。以上のように、当初の研究目標の重要な部分について、成果を上げることができたと思っている。これからの課題は、この定式化がどこまで既成の理論と同じ結果を与え、どのような場合に異なる結果を与えるのかを明らかにし、また、その違いを明白にする実験を見い出すことである。BCS理論が発表されてすでに40年近く経つが、超流動・超伝導理論の一層の発展のためには、理論の再検討・より確固とした基礎づけが必要である。いましばらくの時間を、この目的に費やしたいと思っている。
  • 超伝導と超流動，輸送現象
  • Superconductivity, Superfluidity, Transport Theory

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