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研究者情報

マスター

アカウント（マスター）

  • 氏名

    信濃　卓郎(シナノ　タクロウ), シナノ　タクロウ

所属（マスター）

  • 農学研究院　基盤研究部門　生物機能化学分野

所属（マスター）

  • 農学研究院　基盤研究部門　生物機能化学分野

独自項目

syllabus

  • 2021, 大学院共通授業科目（一般科目）：自然科学・応用科学, Inter-Graduate School Classes(General Subject):Natural and Applied Sciences, 修士課程, 大学院共通科目, 食用作物、園芸作物，作物生理、植物病害，植物栄養
  • 2021, 大学院共通授業科目（教育プログラム）：PARE, Inter-Graduate School Classes(Educational Program):PARE, 修士課程, 大学院共通科目, populations, human activities, environments, resources, food, land, rivers, coasts, atmosphere, soil, water, groundwater, geo-environment, water cycle, element cycles, ecosystems, poverty, sustainability, climate change, erosion, chemical substances, pollution, risk management, green technology
  • 2021, 化学概論, Introduction to Chemistry, 学士課程, 農学部, 教育職員免許法に関わる科目
  • 2021, 物理化学, Physical Chemistry, 学士課程, 農学部, 量子論、熱力学第一法則，エントロピー，熱力学第二法則，化学ポテンシャル，化学平衡、膜輸送、分析化学
  • 2021, 土壌及び植物栄養学概論, Introduction of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 学士課程, 農学部, 土壌、物質循環、植物生産、環境保全、施肥、栄養生理、栄養生態、不良土壌、根圏、植物－微生物共生
  • 2021, 植物栄養学, Plant Nutrition, 学士課程, 農学部, 土壌、物質循環、植物生産、環境保全、施肥、栄養生理、栄養生態、不良土壌、根圏、植物－微生物共生
  • 2021, 一般教育演習(ﾌﾚｯｼｭﾏﾝｾﾐﾅｰ), Freshman Seminar, 学士課程, 全学教育, 食料、安全、作物生産、放射能汚染、食品微生物、酵素利用技術、毒物、ガン、アレルギー、メタボリックシンドローム、腸内細菌叢、保健機能食品

researchmap

プロフィール情報

所属

  • 北海道大学, 大学院農学研究院, 教授

学位

  • 農学修士（北海道大学）
  • 農学博士（北海道大学）

プロフィール情報

  • プロフィール

    現在は北海道にて作物栄養学の研究室に所属しております。
    同時に福島での農業現場における放射性物質対策に継続して取り組んでいます。
    研究業績
    ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Takuro_Shinano
    Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.co.jp/citations?hl=ja&user=0137dF8AAAAJ

  • 姓

    信濃, シナノ

  • 名

    卓郎, タクロウ

  • ID各種

    200901054157389468

対象リソース

所属

  • 北海道大学, 大学院農学研究院, 教授

業績リスト

研究キーワード

  • 移行低減   放射性セシウム   根圏   必須元素   メタボローム   メタゲノム   イオノーム   土壌微生物   ICP-MS   根分泌物   一酸化二窒素   GC-MS   UPLC-MS   植物栄養学   光合成能   初期光合成産物   網羅的無機分析   イオノミクス   有害元素   土壌RNA   高等植物   一次代謝産物   有害金属   植物系統樹   イネ科   LC-MS   病害土壌   植物生理   根圏微生物   作物栄養   Plant Nutrition   

研究分野

  • 環境・農学 / ランドスケープ科学
  • 環境・農学 / 環境農学
  • 環境・農学 / 農業環境工学、農業情報工学
  • ライフサイエンス / 植物栄養学、土壌学

経歴

  • 2019年04月 - 現在 北海道大学 農学研究院 教授
  • 2013年04月 - 2019年03月 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 東北農業研究センター 農業放射線研究センター センター長
  • 2008年04月 - 2013年03月 独立行政法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 北海道農業研究センター グループ長
  • 2003年12月 - 2008年03月 -北海道大学創成科学共同研究機構 流動研究部門 准教授
  • 2002年04月 - 2008年03月 -北海道大学大学院農学研究科助教授
  • 2002年06月 - 2002年08月 ドイツ マーティン・ルター大学研究員
  • 1990年12月 - 2002年03月 北海道大学農学部助手
  • 2001年11月 - 2002年01月 ブラジル サンパウロ大学研究員

学歴

  •         - 1988年   北海道大学   農学研究科   農芸化学
  •         - 1988年   北海道大学
  •         - 1986年   北海道大学   農学部   生物機能化学
  •         - 1986年   北海道大学

委員歴

  • 2023年10月 - 現在   日本学術会議   連携会員
  • 2023年05月 - 現在   日本土壌肥料学会   副会長
  • 2022年09月 - 現在   International Union of Soil Science   Division 4.2 vice chair
  • 2021年12月 - 現在   除去土壌の再生利用に係る植物栽培試験検討会   委員
  • 2019年05月 - 現在   放射能環境動態・影響評価ネットワーク共同拠点   評価委員
  • 2019年05月 - 現在   飯舘村長泥地区環境再生事業運営協議会   飯舘村長泥地区環境再生事業運営協議会委員
  • 2017年04月 - 現在   放射性物質環境移行低減化調査検討委員会
  • 2016年04月 - 現在   日本土壌肥料学会   代議員
  • 2022年04月 - 2023年09月   日本土壌肥料学会   第４部門部門長
  • 2021年05月 - 2023年09月   日本学術会議   土壌科学分科会特任連携会員
  • 2020年04月 - 2023年03月   専門高校NEXT人材育成協議会   委員
  • 2022年04月 - 2022年09月   日本土壌肥料学会   欧文誌編集委員会編集委員
  • 2020年04月 - 2022年03月   日本土壌肥料学会   欧文誌編集委員会副委員長
  • 2020年02月 - 2022年03月   大学改革支援・学位授与機構   国立大学教育研究評価委員会専門委員
  • 2019年04月 - 2020年03月   日本土壌肥料学会   第４部門部門長
  • 2016年 - 2019年03月   福島県科学技術調整会議   外部評価アドバイザー
  • 2015年04月 - 2019年03月   日本土壌肥料学会   第８部門副部門長
  • 2016年 - 2017年   日本土壌微生物学会   評議員
  • 2004年 - 2015年   植物微生物研究会   世話人   植物微生物研究会
  • 2002年 - 2014年   日本熱帯生熊学会   編集幹事   日本熱帯生熊学会
  • 2004年 - 2006年   日本土壌肥料学会   部門委員   日本土壌肥料学会

受賞

  • 2022年09月 日本土壌肥料学会 若手口頭発表優秀賞
     土壌‐作物系への岩石散布に伴う風化促進による炭素隔離および作物生育の Co-benefit の検証 
    受賞者: 東和喜・中尾淳・信濃卓郎・万福裕造・久保堅司・丸山隼人・佐藤孝・矢内純太
  • 2022年09月 日本土壌肥料学会 若手ポスター発表優秀賞
     ミナトカモジグサ菌根共生系にお けるリン獲得の菌種特徴的分子機構 
    受賞者: 永山航平・菅井徹人・ 佐藤匠・神山拓也・ 市橋泰範・渡部敏裕・ 信濃卓郎・丸山隼人
  • 2019年03月 日本作物学会 日本作物学会論文賞
     Effect of soil exchangeable potassium content on cesium absorption and partitioning in buckwheat grown in a radioactive cesium-contaminated field. 
    受賞者: 久保堅司;藤村恵人;小林浩幸;太田健;信濃卓郎
  • 2018年05月 日本土壌肥料学会 学会賞
     
    受賞者: 信濃 卓郎
  • 2016年10月 NARO Special Prize II
     
    受賞者: 加藤 直人, 信濃 卓郎, 太田 健, 久保 堅司, 内田 智子, 松波 寿弥, 江口 哲也, 島田 信二, 小林 浩幸, 関口 哲生, 栂村 恭子, 山田 大吾, 渋谷 岳 , 木方 展治, 山口 紀子, 原田 久富美, 渡邊 好昭, 伊藤 純雄, 木村 武
  • 2013年09月 日本土壌肥料学会 優秀ポスター賞
     ダイズ根系が根圏土壌へ分泌した有機物の可視化と定量解析 
    受賞者: 尹 永根, 鈴井 伸郎, 河地 有木, 石井 里美,小柳 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 藤巻 秀
  • 2013年06月 日本土壌微生物学会 最優秀ポスター賞
     ジャガイモ根関連細菌の培養解析 
    受賞者: 染谷 信孝, 海野 佑介, 信濃 卓郎, 津田 昌吾, 池田 成志, 関口 博之
  • 2008年05月 日本土壌肥料学会 ポスター賞
     アブラナ科植物に対する堆肥施用効果の代謝産物および遺伝子発現プロファイリング 
    受賞者: 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎, 岡 紀邦, 和崎 淳, 中村 卓司, 大崎 満, 建部 雅子
  • 2000年 土壤肥料学会奨励賞
  • 2000年 The Progress Award, Japanese Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

論文

  • Kohei Kurokawa, Kazuki Azuma, Atsushi Nakao, Atsuhito Suzuki, Shokichi Wakabayashi, Shigeto Fujimura, Takuro Shinano, Junta Yanai
    Soil Science Society of America Journal 2024年09月12日 
    Abstract X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) is an effective technique for identifying and quantifying mineral types in soil. However, few studies have compared quantitative values based on XRPD with those from conventional wet chemical methods (WCMs). Here, we determined the primary mineral content in artificial mineral mixtures and 79 agricultural soils from across Japan using WCMs and two XRPD‐based quantitative methods: the mineral intensity factor (MIF) and the full‐pattern summation (FPS) methods performed with the powdR package for R. For artificial mixtures, the accuracy of mineral content determination (i.e., micas, quartz, K‐feldspar, and plagioclase) followed the order: WCMs > FPS > MIF. For Japanese agricultural soils, the contents of each mineral were highly similar between WCMs and FPS, based on mean absolute differences and correlation coefficients. Alternatively, MIF displayed lower similarities with WCMs, likely due to preferred orientation and peak shift or overlap issues. Using the FPS method, the mica and amorphous phase contents were positively and significantly correlated with nonexchangeable K content and cation exchange capacity, respectively. Additionally, the plagioclase content was negatively and significantly correlated with clay content. Thus, the powdR‐based FPS method is recommended for determining the mineral composition of soils, as it allows for a clearer and more quantitative demonstration of the relationship between individual minerals and soil properties.
  • Masataka Suzuki, Katashi Kubo, Mayumi Hachinohe, Takashi Sato, Hirofumi Tsukada, Noriko Yamaguchi, Toshihiro Watanabe, Hayato Maruyama, Takuro Shinano
    Science of The Total Environment 167939  2023年11月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Tetsuya Eguchi, Hisaya Matsunami, Shigeto Fujimura, Takuro Shinano
    Applied Clay Science 243 107049 - 107049 2023年10月 [査読有り]
  • 内林 大志, 平田 聡之, 信濃 卓郎
    日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 69 213 - 213 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 2023年09月04日
  • 西田 翔, 信濃 卓郎
    日本土壌肥料学雑誌 94 3 208 - 209 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 2023年06月05日
  • Muhamad Syaifudin, Masataka Suzuki, Hayato Maruyama, Katashi Kubo, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano
    Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 2023年03月04日 [査読有り]
  • Mayumi Hachinohe, Hideshi Fujiwara, Takuro Shinano, Hayato Maruyama, Katashi Kubo, Takashi Saito
    Journal of Food Protection 86 3 100060 - 100060 2023年03月 [査読有り]
  • Tetsuya Eguchi, Daigo Yamada, Takashi Hirayama, Kazuhiro Kohata, Noboru Kanno, Naoto Nihei, Shoichiro Hamamoto, Katashi Kubo, Takashi Saito, Takuro Shinano
    ARCHIVES OF AGRONOMY AND SOIL SCIENCE 2023年02月 [査読有り]
     
    In surrounding areas influenced by the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, the radiocesium uptake by crops was evaluated based on soil exchangeable K. As risk evaluation does not function effectively in several fields, K buffering was characterized using quantity/intensity (Q/I) relationship analysis to evaluate the availability of exchangeable K. The results of the analysis clearly explain the difficulty in the risk evaluation: i) difficulty in increasing exchangeable K, owing to retention as non-exchangeable K by vermiculite; ii) difficulty in retaining exchangeable K due to low K buffering capacity, reflecting the lack of K-selective clay minerals; and iii) difficulty in increasing soil solution K intensity due to high K buffering capacity, reflecting the abundance of K-selective clay minerals. Among the parameters calculated from the Q/I relationship analysis, beta values, corresponding to the retention rate of loaded K to the soil, for total K (beta t), exchangeable K (beta e), and non-exchangeable K (beta n) would be useful as simple indicators of soils with a predicament in the risk evaluation of radiocesium uptake by crops through exchangeable K. These soils showed distinctively low beta t values (0.18 or lower), high beta e value (0.37 or higher), or high beta n/beta t ratio (0.53 or higher).
  • Chengming Zhang, Chaoqun Zhang, Takayuki Azuma, Hayato Maruyama, Takuro Shinano, Toshihiro Watanabe
    Annals of Botany 2023年01月20日 [査読有り]
     
    Abstract Background and Aims The abundance or decline of fern populations in response to environmental change has been found to be largely dependent on specific physiological properties that distinguish ferns from angiosperms. Many studies have focused on water use efficiency and stomatal behaviours, but the effects of nutrition acquirement and utilization strategies on niche competition between ferns and flowering plants are rarely reported. Methods We collected 34 ferns and 42 angiosperms from the Botanic Garden of Hokkaido University for nitrogen (N), sulphur (S), NO3− and SO42− analysis. We then used a hydroponic system to compare the different N and S utilization strategies between ferns and angiosperms under N deficiency conditions. Key Results Ferns had a significantly higher NO3−-N concentration and NO3−-N/N ratio than angiosperms, although the total N concentration in ferns was remarkably lower than that in the angiosperms. Meanwhile, a positive correlation between N and S was found, indicating that nutrient concentration is involved in assimilation. Pteris cretica, a fern species subjected to further study, maintained a slow growth rate and lower N requirement in response to low N stress, while both the biomass and N concentration in wheat (Triticum aestivum) responded quickly to N deficiency conditions. Conclusions The different nutritional strategies employed by ferns and angiosperms depended mainly on the effects of phylogenetic and evolutionary diversity. Ferns tend to adopt an opportunistic strategy of limiting growth rate to reduce N demand and store more pooled nitrate, whereas angiosperms probably utilize N nutrition to ensure as much development as possible under low N stress. Identifying the effects of mineral nutrition on the evolutionary results of ecological competition between plant species remains a challenge.
  • Firdausi Nur Azizah, Benito Heru Purwanto, Akira Oikawa, Takuro Shinano, Weiguo Cheng, Keitaro Tawaraya
    Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 69 2 69 - 77 2023年01月19日 [査読有り]
     
    Nutrient status of plant affects root exudates of plant. Little is known about effect of potassium status on root exudation. Objective of this study was to identify metabolites in rhizosphere soil of soybean under different potassium conditions. Two soybean cultivars (Satonohohoemi (SAT) and Tachinagaha (TAC)) were grown in soil culture under low (K0, without potassium fertilizer) and normal (K2, 0.42 g K kg(-1)) soil potassium status. Soil solutions were collected at 15 and 25 DAS. Metabolites in soil solution were detected by CE-TOF MS. Low potassium tolerance was higher in SAT than TAC. Shoot and root K concentration in SAT was lower in K0 than that in K2. Forty-seven metabolites were detected in rhizosphere soil solution of SAT, TAC and without plant. Low K condition increased 6 and 3 metabolites concentration in soil solution without plant and 2 and 4 metabolites concentration with SAT and 2 and 1 metabolites concentration with TAC, at 15 and 25 DAS, respectively. Low K condition decreased 1 and 1 metabolites concentration in soil solution without plant and 6 and 6 metabolites concentration with SAT and 0 and 2 metabolites concentration with TAC, at 15 and 25 DAS, respectively. Increased and decreased metabolites were different between SAT and TAC. These results suggest that K status affect metabolites in root exudate and rhizosphere microbes of soybean and there is cultivar difference in these metabolites.
  • Takuro Shinano, Satoshi Asaeda, Saeko Yashiro, Takashi Saito, Hayato Maruyama, Tomoaki Nemoto, Mayumi Hachinohe
    Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 2023年01月02日
  • Masataka Suzuki, Tetsuya Eguchi, Kazuki Azuma, Atsushi Nakao, Katashi Kubo, Shigeto Fujimura, Muhamad Syaifudin, Hayato Maruyama, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano
    The Science of the total environment 857 Pt 1 159208 - 159208 2022年10月05日 [査読有り]
     
    To mitigate radioactive cesium from soil to plant, increasing and maintaining the exchangeable potassium (ExK) level during growth is widely accepted after Tokyo Electric Company's Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Plant accident in Japan. This is because the antagonistic relationship between soil solution K and 134Cs + 137Cs (RCs) concentrations changes the transfer factor (TF: designated as the ratio of radioactivity of plant organ to soil) of RCs. As the relationship between ExK and TF depends on the soil types, crop species, and other environmental factors, the required amount of ExK should be set to a safe side. Eleven years after the accident, as the activity of 134Cs was almost negligible, 137Cs became the main RCs in most of the agricultural fields in Fukushima Prefecture. We propose a new indicator, the concentration ratio of plant 137Cs to soil exchangeable 137Cs (Ex137Cs), instead of TF, which showed a better correlation with ExK even among soils with different properties (or mineralogy).
  • 坂口 文香, 丸山 隼人, 佐々木 孝行, 西田 翔, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕
    日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 68 59 - 59 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 2022年09月05日
  • 荒川 竜太, 鳥山 星呂, アクリッシュ 穂波, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 丸山 隼人
    日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 68 62 - 62 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 2022年09月05日
  • Satoshi Kitaoka, Saki Fujita, Yoko Watanabe, DongSu Choi, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Fuyuki Satoh, Takayoshi Koike
    Eurasian Journal of Forests Research 22 28 - 32 2022年04月 [査読有り][招待有り]
  • Ayane Kan, Hayato Maruyama, Nao Aoyama, Jun Wasaki, Yoshiko Tateishi, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano
    Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 2022年 [査読有り]
     
    Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for crop production; however, availability tends to be low due to slow diffusion and high fixation in soils. To cope with phosphate deficiency, white lupines (Lupinus albus L.) form unique root structures called cluster roots. The objective of this study was to elucidate detailed spatial differences of the mechanisms under low-P condition in the root system using rhizoboxes. We cultivated plants in rhizoboxes with P-deficient soil for 33 days. We then harvested roots and the adjacent soil from 128 compartments by dividing 2 × 2 cm squares in the rhizoboxes. We investigated relative expression levels of several genes that encode proteins assumed to be involved in P solubilization or translocation. Additionally, we analyzed fractionated P, soluble metal cations (Fe, Al, and Mn), and enzyme activities in the soil of each compartment. We observed a significant positive correlation between one of the MATE (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion/detoxification) genes, LaMATE6, and soluble metal cations, suggesting the secretion of citric acid into the rhizosphere via MATE proteins increased soluble metal cation concentrations. Furthermore, we demonstrated that roots in the same developmental stages were likely to have different influences on the mobilization of fractionated P in the rhizosphere soil. Our findings highlight the importance of investigating the relationship between soil chemical properties and root functions at a high spatial resolution to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of P mobilization by plants.
  • Zhang Chengming, Nobuhiro Tanaka, Maria Stefanie Dwiyanti, Matthew Shenton, Hayato Maruyama, Takuro Shinano, Chu Qingnan, Xie Jun, Toshihiro Watanabe
    Rice Science 29 1 76 - 88 2022年01月 [査読有り]
     
    Ionomic profiles are primarily influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Identifying ionomic responses to varietal effects is necessary to understand the ionomic variations among species or subspecies and to potentially understand genetic effects on ionomic profiles. We cultivated 120 rice (Oryza sativa) varieties to seedling stage in identical hydroponic conditions and determined the concentrations of 26 elements (including 3 anions) in the shoots and roots of rice. Although the subspecies effects were limited by the genus Oryza pre-framework and its elemental chemical properties, we found significant differences in ionomic variations in most elements among the aus, indica and japonica subspecies. Principal component analysis of the correlations indicated that variations in the root-to-shoot ionomic transport mechanisms were the main causes of ionomic differences among the subspecies. Furthermore, the correlations were primarily associated with the screening of varieties for elemental covariation effects that can facilitate breeding biofortified rice varieties with safe concentrations of otherwise toxic elements. The japonica subspecies exhibited the strongest elemental correlations and elemental covariation effects, therefore, they showed greater advantages for biofortification than the indica and aus subspecies, whereas indica and aus subspecies were likely safer in metal(loid) polluted soils. We also found that geographical and historical distribution significantly defined the ionomic profiles. Overall, the results of this study provided a reference for further association studies to improve the nutritional status and minimize toxicity risks in rice production.
  • Toshihiro Watanabe, Ryoskuke Okada, Soyoka Tokunaga, Hayato Maruyama, Masaru Urayama, Takuro Shinano
    JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION 45 9 1413 - 1424 2021年12月 [査読有り]
     
    In the present study, we conducted experiments using wheat to elucidate whether the increased accumulation of molybdenum in leaves under nitrogen deficiency is due to the plant's own metabolic response, and further to estimate the role of molybdenum in the nitrogen deficiency response. Even under different growth conditions such as soil culture, hydroponic culture, and aseptic culture, the nitrogen deficiency always increased the molybdenum accumulation in leaves of wheat. Because molybdenum supply to the soil enhanced the growth of wheat under nitrogen deficiency but did not increase plant nitrogen concentration, the increased molybdenum uptake might be involved in the adaptive mechanisms to nitrogen deficiency by increasing nitrogen use efficiency. Wheat under nitrogen deficiency accumulated more molybdenum in lower leaves. Moreover, the nitrogen concentration of wheat grown under nitrogen deficiency increased in the lower leaves and decreased in the upper leaves with the application of molybdenum. These results suggest that molybdenum might affect nitrogen translocation from older to younger leaves.
  • Yoshiyuki Tsuchiya, Takuji Nakamura, Yohei Izumi, Keiki Okazaki, Takuro Shinano, Yasutaka Kubo, Maki Katsuhara, Takayuki Sasaki, Yoko Yamamoto
    Plant & cell physiology 62 9 1460 - 1477 2021年11月17日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Aluminum (Al)-tolerant tobacco cell line ALT301 hardly exhibits Al-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, compared with wild-type line SL. Molecular mechanism leading to this phenotype was investigated comparatively with SL. Under normal growth condition, metabolome data suggested the activation of glycolysis and lactate fermentation but the repression of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in ALT301, namely aerobic fermentation, which seemed to be transcriptionally controlled partly by higher expression of genes encoding lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. Microarray and gene ontology analyses revealed the upregulation of the gene encoding RELATED TO APETALA2.3 (RAP2.3)-like protein, one of the group VII ethylene response factors (ERFVIIs), in ALT301. ERFVII transcription factors are known to be key regulators for hypoxia response which promotes substrate-level ATP production by glycolysis and fermentation. ERFVIIs are degraded under normoxia by the N-end rule pathway of proteolysis depending on both oxygen and nitric oxide (NO), and NO is produced mainly by nitrate reductase (NR) in plants. In ALT301, levels of the NR gene expression (NIA2), NR activity, and NO production were all lower, compared with SL. Consistently, the known effects of NO on respiratory pathways were also repressed in ALT301. Under Al-treatment condition, NO level increased in both lines, but was lower in ALT301. These results suggest that the upregulation of the RAP2.3-like gene and the downregulation of the NIA2 gene and resultant NO depletion in ALT301 coordinately enhance aerobic fermentation, which seems to be related to a higher capacity to prevent ROS production in mitochondria under Al stress.
  • Yoshiyuki Tsuchiya, Takuji Nakamura, Yohei Izumi, Keiki Okazaki, Takuro Shinano, Yasutaka Kubo, Maki Katsuhara, Takayuki Sasaki, Yoko Yamamoto
    Plant & cell physiology 62 6 1058 - 1058 2021年10月11日
  • Atsuhide Takao, Jun Wasaki, Hisae Fujimoto, Hayato Maruyama, Takuro Shinano, Toshihiro Watanabe
    Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 1 - 8 2021年10月07日 [査読有り]
  • Tetsuya Eguchi, Tetsuya Ishikawa, Shigeto Fujimura, Takeshi Ota, Shokichi Wakabayashi, Hisaya Matsunami, Takuro Shinano
    Journal of environmental radioactivity 237 106687 - 106687 2021年10月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Field and pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of coarse Finnish phlogopite application to reduce radiocesium uptake by paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.). The application of phlogopite was expected to reduce radiocesium uptake by crops through K supply and radiocesium retention. Three fields were set in Fukushima Prefecture, and coarse (mean particle size of 450 μm) phlogopite from Siilinjärvi (Finland) was applied at a rate of 5 t ha-1. Paddy rice was cultivated for 2-4 successive years. In all fields, the average 137Cs transfer factor (TF) of brown rice harvested from plots with added phlogopite was significantly lower than that of brown rice from plots without added phlogopite over the 2-4-year experiments. TF was decreased by up to 80% following phlogopite application, without an adverse effect on yield. Exchangeable K and soil solution K were higher in the soils with added phlogopite, suggesting K released from phlogopite reduced 137Cs uptake by paddy rice. Moreover, in a pot cultivation experiment, even when 55% of the total K was removed from phlogopite prior to application, the TF in pots with phlogopite application was less than half of that in pots without added phlogopite. The results from the field study and the pot cultivation experiment suggested that the application of Finnish phlogopite is effective to reduce the TF of brown rice. Exchangeable K and tetraphenylborate-extractable-K (TPB-K) at rooting stage, and soil solution K at tillering and heading stages showed significant negative correlation with TF. TPB-K was significantly positively correlated with soil solution K at tillering stage and heading stage, whereas exchangeable K at rooting stage did not exhibit significant correlation with soil solution K at heading stage. The results suggest that TPB-K is more reliable than exchangeable K, which could facilitate as a basis of K fertilizer recommendation for radiocesium-contaminated fields.
  • 菅 あやね, 丸山 隼人, 和崎 淳, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎
    日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 67 45 - 45 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 2021年09月03日
  • 鈴木 政崇, 藤本 久恵, 浅枝 諭史, 丸山 隼人, 久保 堅司, 藤村 恵人, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎
    日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 67 126 - 126 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 2021年09月03日
  • 浅枝 諭史, 丸山 隼人, 藤本 久恵, 久保 堅司, 藤村 恵人, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎
    日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 67 126 - 126 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 2021年09月03日
  • 長谷川 公紀, 渡邊 涼太郎, 丸山 隼人, 金山 喜則, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕
    日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 67 58 - 58 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 2021年09月03日
  • 尹 永根, 鈴井 伸郎, 三好 悠太, 海野 佑介, 丸山 隼人, 和崎 淳, 菅 あやね, 圓尾 明子, 渡部 敏裕, 橋本 洋平, 内田 翔子, 信濃 卓郎, 河地 有木
    日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 67 45 - 45 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 2021年09月03日
  • Toshihiro Watanabe, Ryota Tomizaki, Ryotaro Watanabe, Hayato Maruyama, Takuro Shinano, Masaru Urayama, Yoshinori Kanayama
    SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE 287 2021年09月 [査読有り]
     
    Fruit blossom-end rot (BER) is a serious physiological disorder that can cause significant yield losses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Although many studies have suggested that calcium (Ca) deficiency in tomato fruits is a major factor for BER, its onset mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Ionomics is a high-throughput elemental profiling of living organisms that can be applied to understand how differences in plant's physiological status involving inorganic elements. In this study, we examined ionomic differences between the tomato cultivar M82 and its introgression line IL8-3, which contains a short chromosome segment from its wild relative Solanum pennellii on chromosome 8 of M82, and has a low incidence of fruit BER. Among the essential elements, Ca showed marked different behavior between the two lines. IL8-3 showed preferential Ca partitioning to fruits compared with M82. The slow growth rate and high Ca concentration observed in IL8-3 fruit during the early growth stages may also be responsible for the low BER incidence in this line. Although Ca ions bind to cell wall pectin and membrane phospholipids, and contribute to cell structure stability, these components showed no significant differences between fruits of the two lines. The fruit ionome differed considerably between M82 and IL8-3, and was not affected by available Ca status in the field. The M82 fruit had higher concentrations of many elements such as magnesium, potassium, boron, and sulfur than did IL8-3, and this trend was also observed in rotten fruit. This suggests that the influence of the leaf (source), rather than the fruit (sink), could be involved in the onset mechanism of BER.
  • Hisaya Matsunami, Tomoko Uchida, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Takeshi Ota, Takuro Shinano
    Journal of environmental radioactivity 233 106609 - 106609 2021年07月 [査読有り]
     
    We conducted a field experiment in soybean with different levels of K application to elucidate the comparative dynamics of 137Cs and K. The inventory of K in the shoots increased substantially from the fifth trifoliate stage to the full seed stage, and as the absorption of K increased, so too did the absorption of 137Cs. Overall, the effect of K application was much greater in terms of 137Cs dynamics than K dynamics or biomass production. K application reduced not only the accumulation of 137Cs in the shoots, but also the distribution of 137Cs to the grains. However, the decrease of 137Cs distribution to the grain had a much smaller effect on 137Cs accumulation in the grains than 137Cs absorption. A positive correlation was also observed between the exchangeable 137Cs/K ratio in the soil and the 137Cs/K ratio in the shoots for each growth stage, and the 137Cs/K ratios in the shoots at the full seed and full maturity stage were much higher than those at the fifth trifoliate and full bloom stage under the same exchangeable 137Cs/K ratio in the soil. These findings suggest a decrease in the discrimination of 137Cs from K during absorption after the full bloom stage. As a result of this and the increase in soil-exchangeable 137Cs/K with growth, radiocesium was more transferable to the shoots after the full bloom stage. Overall, these results suggest that lowering the soil-exchangeable radiocesium/potassium ratio after the full bloom stage by increasing K availability could efficiently reduce the transfer of radiocesium to the grains.
  • 信濃卓郎
    Journal of Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences 4 2 228 - 231 2021年04月 [査読有り][招待有り]
  • Katashi Kubo, Hayato Maruyama, Hisae Fujimoto, Masataka Suzuki, Ayane Kan, Yusuke Unno, Takuro Shinano
    Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 67 6 707 - 715 2021年 [査読有り]
     
    Low transfer of radioactive cesium (radiocesium) from soil to grains of agricultural crops is desirable to ensure food safety for humans and animals. Although the transfer of radiocesium from soil to grains is higher in upland crops such as soybean (Glycine max L.) than in paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.), little information related to the specific difference in radiocesium accumulation among leguminous crops is available, or for the relation between soil conditions and radiocesium accumulation in leguminous crops. This study compared the pattern of radiocesium transfer from soil to grains between peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and soybean to elucidate the diversity of radiocesium accumulation in leguminous crops growing with different potassium levels in soil. Pot and field experiments with radiocesium-contaminated soil showed that the radiocesium concentration in grains was lower in peanut than in soybean plants. For peanut, radiocesium absorption was mainly from roots instead of gynophores and fruits formed in the soil. Radiocesium absorption and translocation from roots to shoots were lower in peanut than in soybean plants. Among shoot parts, radiocesium transfers from stems to leaves, shells, and grains were lower in peanut than in soybean plants. Potassium application to the soil decreased the radiocesium transfer from soil to grains in both crops. The radiocesium accumulation was lower in peanut than in soybean under both potassium applied and non-applied conditions. These results underscored the variation in radiocesium transfer from soil to grains in leguminous crops, and demonstrated that peanut plants had lower potential of radiocesium accumulation than soybean plants.
  • 鳥山 星呂, 荒川 竜太, 村島 和基, 丸山 隼人, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕
    日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 67 78 - 78 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 2021年
  • 荒川 竜太, 村島 和基, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 丸山 隼人
    日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 67 76 - 76 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 2021年
  • 村島 和基, 荒川 竜太, 丸山 隼人, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎
    日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 67 76 - 76 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 2021年
  • Yuichi Onda, Lieve Sweeck, Takuro Shinano, Gerd Dercon, A Lee Zhi Yi, H Kato
    Journal of environmental radioactivity 223-224 106373 - 106373 2020年11月 [査読有り]
     
    After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, immediate soil and vegetation sampling were conducted according to the action plan of nuclear emergency monitoring; however, analysing the monitoring dataset was difficult because the sampling protocols were not standardised. In this study, the sampling protocols applied just after the FDNPP accident were reviewed, and the monitoring data were analysed. The detailed protocols and results can provide a sound basis for guidelines of soil and vegetation sampling for nuclear emergency monitoring. The activity concentrations of 137Cs and 131I in weed samples measured immediately after the FDNPP accident were related to the air dose rate at 1 m. Consequently, vegetation sampling is recommended when the additional dose rate (above background) is higher than 0.1 μSv/h. To enhance the efficiency of a protective response in the case of a nuclear accident, predetermined sampling points for soil and vegetation sampling should be considered in the preparedness plan for nuclear emergencies. Furthermore, sampling and analytical measurement capacities (time, people, cost) during the early phase after nuclear emergencies need to be considered in the preparedness and action plan, and sampling and measurement exercises are highly recommended.
  • Tantriani, Takuro Shinano, Weiguo Cheng, Kazuki Saito, Akira Oikawa, Benito Heru Purwanto, Keitaro Tawaraya
    PLANT AND SOIL 456 1-2 259 - 276 2020年11月 [査読有り]
     
    Aims Root exudates of soybean grown under low-, normal-, and high-K(+)conditions were evaluated using metabolomics. Methods Two soybean cultivars, 'Satonohohoemi' (low-K-tolerant) and 'Tachinagaha' (low-K sensitive), were hydroponically grown with 6 (K6), 60 (K60), and 120 (K120) mg K L(-1)for 7 and 14 days after transplanting (DAT). Root exudates were collected, and metabolites were evaluated using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results Rroot K concentration was lower in K6 and higher in K120 compared to K60. Number of metabolites detected in 'Satonohohoemi' and 'Tachinagaha' was 43 and 39, respectively. Score plot of the principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear grouping of the root exudate metabolites based one three K concentrations and two sampling times, with the first PCA accounting for 65.7% and 71.5% of the variance for the 'Satonohohoemi' and 'Tachinagaha', respectively. High-K conditions enhanced release of root exudate metabolites to rhizosphere in both soybean cultivars from 18% to 42%. However, low-K conditions resulted in a 1.2-fold increase and a 2.5-fold decrease in the release of root exudate metabolites in 'Tachinagaha' and 'Satonohohoemi', respectively, at 7 and 14 DAT. Conclusions These results reveal that soybean roots exude many metabolites in response to high- and low-K conditions. The number of increased metabolites was higher after long-term (14 DAT) compared to that of the short-term (7 DAT) of exposure of high- and low-K conditions. Soybean cultivars differ in the capacity to release metabolites by altering the exudation of specific metabolites for a better adaptation to the high- and low-K conditions.
  • Sergey Fesenko, Takuro Shinano, Yuichi Onda, Gerd Dercon
    Journal of environmental radioactivity 222 106347 - 106347 2020年10月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    © 2020 Elsevier Ltd Data on reduction of radioactivity in plants are highly important for making decision on emergency response and remediation of contaminated areas. Dynamics of the 131I and 137Cs concentrations in the weed leaves sampled in the areas affected by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in Japan was assessed for the period March–December 2011. The effective half-lives for 131I and 137Cs of 3.8–4.2 days and 7.1–13.3 days in the weed leaves were calculated for the first two months after the deposition. The approach for assessment of the aggregated transfer factors based on the ambient dose equivalent rate was suggested and validated. The geometric means of the soil to the weed leaves aggregated transfer factors were estimated for June–December 2011. Soil to crop 137Cs- concentration ratios (buckwheat, brown rice and soybean) were estimated for 2011–2016. Soil to crop concentration ratios were found to decrease in the order of soybean > buckwheat > brown rice. The effective half-lives for 137Cs in these crops were estimated to be between 1 and 2.5 years for the period 2011 2016, and longer than 5–7 years after 2016. It was found that these data comply with the Chernobyl related data obtained for similar conditions and complement of international documents on radionuclide transfer in agricultural environment such as the IAEA TRS 472.
  • Takuro Shinano, Mayumi Hachinohe, Sergey Fesenko
    Journal of environmental radioactivity 222 106359 - 106359 2020年10月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    © 2020 Elsevier Ltd Most of environmental monitoring programs include measurements of the air dose rates and the radionuclides activity concentration in plants. Both these parameters depend on deposition density of radionuclides. Therefore, measurements of one parameter can (with some supplementary information) be used as an indicator for the other parameter. After the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, the Emergency Operation Centre (EOC) operated by the Environmental Radioactivity Monitoring centre of Fukushima and Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) of Japan carried out large sampling programme over different distances from the NPP. The sampling programme was focused on the usage of the weed leaves as a proxy for the prediction of radionuclide transfer to some cultivated plants. The MAFF monitoring programme in 2011–2016 was addressed mainly to agricultural crops. In both cases, the air dose rates were measured at the sites of the sampling. The paper addresses the assessments of relationship between radionuclide activities concentrations in plants and ambient dose rates. The time—dependent relationships were quantified based on weed, buckwheat, brown rice and soybean data obtained in 2011–2016. The recommendations on optimizing emergency sampling programmes based on use of the data of ambient dose rates are also presented.
  • Mayumi Hachinohe, Takuro Shinano
    Journal of environmental radioactivity 220-221 106265 - 106265 2020年09月01日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Most available measurement methods and protocols for radioactive materials are focused on the use of high-precision sampling and analysis and do not consider the practicality of these techniques in the case of large-scale emergencies involving high numbers of samples and measurements. The experience gained after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident has demonstrated a need for optimization of sampling and measurement programmes in the case of nuclear emergency that affects food and agriculture. Under these conditions, resources for implementation of monitoring and allocations for sampling and measurements might be limited, and urgent information is needed for effective emergency response. This paper supplies a historical overview of sampling and analytical techniques for assessment of radionuclides in the agricultural environments and foodstuffs and is intended for use in research, policy and decision-making in nuclear emergency preparedness and response, particularly with respect to large scale accidents.
  • Gerd Dercon, Carl Blackburn, Yuichi Onda, Takuro Shinano, Lieve Sweeck, Amelia Lee Zhi Yi, Sergey Fesenko
    Journal of environmental radioactivity 218 106174 - 106174 2020年07月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Mayumi Hachinohe, Takuro Shinano
    Journal of environmental radioactivity 218 106262 - 106262 2020年07月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    © 2020 Elsevier Ltd The measurement of radioactivity in food and agricultural ecosystems is an essential task for keeping the population safe after a nuclear emergency. Prior to the Tokyo Electric Power Company's Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in 2011, the probability of such an accident, combining complex effects of natural and technical factors, was not reflected in detail in national emergency preparedness guidelines. The lack of such guidelines resulted in a limited efficiency response to the Fukushima accident in agriculture. This outcome showed a need for the preparation of such guidelines as a part of emergency preparedness for nuclear and radiological emergences. This paper provides information and generic, non-country-specific guidance on approaches to sampling food. The paper is intended for scientists, policy makers and decision makers involved in nuclear emergency preparedness and responses, particularly on large scales and at different stages of nuclear emergency based on lessons learned from the FDNPP accident.
  • Yong-Gen Yin, Nobuo Suzui, Keisuke Kurita, Yuta Miyoshi, Yusuke Unno, Shu Fujimaki, Takuji Nakamura, Takuro Shinano, Naoki Kawachi
    Scientific reports 10 1 8446 - 8446 2020年06月11日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    © 2020, The Author(s). The release of rhizodeposits differs depending on the root position and is closely related to the assimilated carbon (C) supply. Therefore, quantifying the C partitioning over a short period may provide crucial information for clarifying root–soil carbon metabolism. A non-invasive method for visualising the translocation of recently assimilated C into the root system inside the rhizobox was established using 11CO2 labelling and the positron-emitting tracer imaging system. The spatial distribution of recent 11C-photoassimilates translocated and released in the root system and soil were visualised for white lupin (Lupinus albus) and soybean (Glycine max). The inputs of the recently assimilated C in the entire root that were released into the soil were approximately 0.3%–2.9% for white lupin within 90 min and 0.9%–2.3% for soybean within 65 min, with no significant differences between the two plant species; however, the recently assimilated C of lupin was released at high concentrations in specific areas (hotspots), whereas that of soybean was released uniformly in the soil. Our method enabled the quantification of the spatial C allocations in roots and soil, which may help to elucidate the relationship between C metabolism and nutrient cycling at specific locations of the root–soil system in response to environmental conditions over relatively short periods.
  • Mayumi Hachinohe, Ryusuke Fujimoto, Takuro Shinano, Eiichi Kotake-Nara, Shioka Hamamatsu, Shinichi Kawamoto
    Journal of food protection 83 3 467 - 475 2020年03月01日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Copyright © International Association for Food Protection. The behavior of radiocesium in wild animal meats upon cooking was investigated. The ratio of the concentration change (processing factor, Pf), remaining ratio (food processing retention factor, Fr), and removal ratio of radiocesium in the meats by grilling, boiling, and steaming were determined. Differences in cooking methods, rather than differences in meat parts or animal species, clearly influenced the Pf, Fr, and removal ratios. The mean Fr values were 0.9 (range, 0.7 to 1.0) for grilling, 0.6 (range, 0.4 to 0.7) for boiling, and 0.5 (range, 0.4 to 0.7) for steaming. The removal effect of grilling (11%) was lower than that of boiling (41%) or steaming (47%). The mean value of Pf was 1.2 (range, 1.1 to 1.6) for grilling, 0.8 (range, 0.6 to 0.9) for boiling, and 0.8 (range, 0.7 to 1.0) for steaming. The radiocesium concentration in the meats increased only upon grilling, but not by boiling or steaming. This difference is due to the lower removal effect of grilling than that of boiling and steaming. Therefore, boiling and steaming were more effective than grilling for removing radiocesium and reducing its concentration in wild animal meats. Furthermore, the ratio of water content fluctuations due to boiling was negatively correlated with Pf and Fr. It was evident that greater reductions in water content resulted in lower concentrations and improved radiocesium removal in the meats. These results suggest that some of the radiocesium naturally present in the meats is soluble in water and that the radiocesium dissolved in water can be removed from the meat with the release of water from the tissue.
  • Keiko Tagami, Shigeo Uchida, Takuro Shinano, Gerhard Pröhl
    Journal of environmental radioactivity 213 106109 - 106109 2020年03月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The time-dependence of 137Cs in new shoots of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) following a137Cs-deposition was analyzed and quantified in terms of effective half-lives. The underlying monitoring studies were performed after the accidents in the Chernobyl and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants for tea plants growing in Japan. The major transfer route for atmospherically deposited radiocaesium to the first new shoots sampled after the accidents were different: for the Fukushima accident, it was mainly translocation of radiocaesium deposited onto old leaves and twigs to the new growth, while direct deposition on the new leaves was the major source after the Chernobyl accident. The effective half-lives in new tea leaves representing the fast and slow components of the decline did not significantly differ between these accidents. Geometric means (ranges) of fast and slow effective half-lives of 137Cs after the Chernobyl accident were 66 d (25-125 d) and 902 d (342-15900 d), respectively, and those after the Fukushima accident were 50 d (26-105 d) and 416 d (222-1540 d), respectively. From these results, 137Cs declines in new tea leaves were similar although contamination conditions were different for these two accidents.
  • Katashi Kubo, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Miyuki Nitta, Shotaro Takenaka, Shuhei Nasuda, Shigeto Fujimura, Kyoko Takagi, Osamu Nagata, Takeshi Ota, Takuro Shinano
    Scientific reports 10 1 3744 - 3744 2020年02月28日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Decreasing the transfer of radioactive cesium (RCs) from soil to crops has been important since the deposition of RCs in agricultural soil owing to the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident of 2011. We investigated the genotypic variation in RCs accumulation in 234 and 198 hexaploid wheat (Triticum spp.) varieties in an affected field in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The effects of soil exchangeable potassium (ExK) content to RCs accumulation in wheat varieties were also evaluated. A test field showed fourfold differences in soil ExK contents based on location, and the wheat varieties grown in areas with lower soil ExK contents tended to have higher grain RCs concentrations. RCs concentrations of shoots, when corrected by the soil ExK content, were positively significantly correlated between years, and RCs concentrations of shoots were significantly correlated with the grain RCs concentration corrected by the soil ExK content. These results indicated that there were genotypic variations in RCs accumulation. The grain to shoot ratio of RCs also showed significant genotypic variation. Wheat varieties with low RCs accumulations were identified. They could contribute to the research and breeding of low RCs accumulating wheat and to agricultural production in the area affected by RCs deposition.
  • Hideki Tsuji, Yumiko Ishii, Moono Shin, Keisuke Taniguchi, Hirotsugu Arai, Momo Kurihara, Tetsuo Yasutaka, Takayuki Kuramoto, Takahiro Nakanishi, Sangyoon Lee, Takuro Shinano, Yuichi Onda, Seiji Hayashi
    The Science of the total environment 697 134093 - 134093 2019年12月20日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    To investigate the main factors that control the dissolved radiocesium concentration in river water in the area affected by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident, the correlations between the dissolved 137Cs concentrations at 66 sites normalized to the average 137Cs inventories for the watersheds with the land use, soil components, topography, and water quality factors were assessed. We found that the topographic wetness index is significantly and positively correlated with the normalized dissolved 137Cs concentration. Similar positive correlations have been found for European rivers because wetland areas with boggy organic soils that weakly retain 137Cs are mainly found on plains. However, for small Japanese river watersheds, the building area ratio in the watershed strongly affected the dissolved 137Cs concentration. One reason for this would be because the high concentrations of solutes, such as K+ and dissolved organic carbon, discharged in urban areas would inhibit 137Cs absorption to soil particles. A multiple regression equation was constructed to predict the normalized dissolved 137Cs concentration with the topography, land use, soil component, and water quality data as explanatory variables. The best model had the building land use as the primary predictor. When comparing two multiple regression models in which the explanatory variables were limited to (1) the land use and soil composition and (2) the water quality, the water quality model underestimated the high normalized dissolve 137Cs concentration in urban areas. This poor reproducibility indicates that the dissolved 137Cs concentration value in urban areas cannot be solely explained by the solid-liquid distribution of 137Cs owing to the influence of the water quality, but some specific 137Cs sources in urban areas would control the dissolved 137Cs concentration.
  • Ogasawara, S, Nakao, A, Eguchi, T, Ota, T, Matsunami, H, Yanai, J, Shinano, T
    Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 323 1 633 - 640 2019年11月30日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    © 2019, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary. Potassium (K) and radiocaesium (RCs) were chemically extracted from soils derived from granite (G soils) and sedimentary rock (S soils) in Fukushima, Japan. The extractants employed were 1 M HNO3, concentrated HNO3, and HF + HClO4. As S soils contain a lower amount of trioctahedral 2:1 phyllosilicates than G soils, the RCs/K ratio was higher in S soils than in G soils with 1 M HNO3 extraction, indicating that the potential risk of soil-to-plant transfer of RCs is higher in S soils than in G soils. In conclusion, information about surface geology is important in predicting the spatial pattern of soil characteristics related to transferability of RCs.
  • Momo Kurihara, Tetsuo Yasutaka, Tatsuo Aono, Nobuo Ashikawa, Hiroyuki Ebina, Takeshi Iijima, Kei Ishimaru, Ramon Kanai, Zin'ichi Karube, Yae Konnai, Tomijiro Kubota, Yuji Maehara, Takeshi Maeyama, Yusuke Okizawa, Hiroaki Ota, Shigeyoshi Otosaka, Aya Sakaguchi, Hisaya Tagomori, Keisuke Taniguchi, Masatoshi Tomita, Hirofumi Tsukada, Seiji Hayashi, Sangyoon Lee, Susumu Miyazu, Moono Shin, Takahiro Nakanishi, Tatsuhiro Nishikiori, Yuichi Onda, Takuro Shinano, Hideki Tsuji
    JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY 322 2 477 - 485 2019年11月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We assessed the repeatability and reproducibility of methods for determining low dissolved radiocesium concentrations in freshwater in Fukushima. Twenty-one laboratories pre-concentrated three of 10 L samples by five different pre-concentration methods (Prussian-blue-impregnated filter cartridges, coprecipitation with ammonium phosphomolybdate, evaporation, solid-phase extraction disks, and ion-exchange resin columns), and activity of radiocesium was measured. The z-scores for all of the Cs-137 results were within +/- 2, indicating that the methods were a good degree of precision. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) indicating the reproducibility among different laboratories were larger than the RSDs indicating the repeatability in each separate laboratory.
  • 黒沼尊紀, 久保堅司, 信濃卓郎, 石原竜彰, 孔大徳, 東島一成, 安藤匡哉, 渡部均
    日本緑地工学会誌 45 1 33 - 38 2019年10月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Makoto Furukawa, Kyoko Takagi, Hisaya Matsunami, Yuko Komatsuzaki, Tomohiko Kawakami, Takuro Shinano, Yoshitaka Takagai
    ACS omega 4 6 11276 - 11284 2019年06月30日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    This paper describes a rapid quantification method for radioactive strontium (90Sr) in fresh foods (perishable foods) and has been comparatively evaluated with the common classical radiometric quantification method. Inductively coupled plasma-dynamic reaction cell-mass spectrometry with online solid-phase extraction (cascade-ICP-MS) rapidly determines 90Sr in a pure water-based sample. Despite its advantages, its application to fresh foods (perishable foods) has not yet been reported; however, the analytical potential of this method for fresh foods must be evaluated. In this study, 90Sr was determined in 12 fresh foods via improved cascade-ICP-MS (Icas-ICP-MS). Addition and recovery tests were demonstrated using real samples of grape, apple, peach, Japanese pear, rice, buckwheat, soybean, spinach, shiitake mushroom, grass, sea squirt, and flounder. With a decomposed solution of Japanese pear, the measurement value coincided with the amount of spiked 90Sr. The reproducibility of the measurements was represented by relative standard deviations of 14.2 and 5.0% for spiked amounts of 20 and 200 Bq/kg, respectively (n = 10), and the recovery rates were 93.7 ± 7.1%. In this case, the limit of detection (LOD) was 2.2 Bq/kg (=0.43 pg/kg). These results were compared with the data obtained using a common classical radiometric quantification method (nitrate precipitation-low background gas flow counter (LBC) method) in the same samples. Both the methods showed equivalent performances with regard to reproducibility, precision, and LODs but different analysis times. Icas-ICP-MS required ∼22 min for analysis, whereas the nitrate precipitation-LBC method required 20 days, confirming that Icas-ICP-MS is the suitable method for analyzing 90Sr in fresh foods.
  • Makoto Furukawa, Kyoko Takagi, Hisaya Matsunami, Yuko Komatsuzaki, Tomohiko Kawakami, Takuro Shinano, Yoshitaka Takagai
    ACS OMEGA 4 6 11276 - 11284 2019年06月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    This paper describes a rapid quantification method for radioactive strontium (Sr-90) in fresh foods (perishable foods) and has been comparatively evaluated with the common classical radiometric quantification method. Inductively coupled plasma-dynamic reaction cell-mass spectrometry with online solid-phase extraction (cascade-ICP-MS) rapidly determines Sr-90 in a pure water-based sample. Despite its advantages, its application to fresh foods (perishable foods) has not yet been reported; however, the analytical potential of this method for fresh foods must be evaluated. In this study, Sr-90 was determined in 12 fresh foods via improved cascade-ICP-MS (Icas-ICP-MS). Addition and recovery tests were demonstrated using real samples of grape, apple, peach, Japanese pear, rice, buckwheat, soybean, spinach, shiitake mushroom, grass, sea squirt, and flounder. With a decomposed solution of Japanese pear, the measurement value coincided with the amount of spiked Sr-90. The reproducibility of the measurements was represented by relative standard deviations of 14.2 and 5.0% for spiked amounts of 20 and 200 Bq/kg, respectively (n = 10), and the recovery rates were 93.7 +/- 7.1%. In this case, the limit of detection (LOD) was 2.2 Bq/kg (=0.43 pg/kg). These results were compared with the data obtained using a common classical radiometric quantification method (nitrate precipitation-low background gas flow counter (LBC) method) in the same samples. Both the methods showed equivalent performances with regard to reproducibility, precision, and LODs but different analysis times. Icas-ICP-MS required similar to 22 min for analysis, whereas the nitrate precipitation-LBC method required 20 days, confirming that Icas-ICP-MS is the suitable method for analyzing Sr-90 in fresh foods.
  • Sho Ogasawara, Tetsuya Eguchi, Atsushi Nakao, Shigeto Fujimura, Yoshihiko Takahashi, Hisaya Matsunami, Hirofumi Tsukada, Junta Yanai, Takuro Shinano
    Journal of environmental radioactivity 198 117 - 125 2019年03月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Weathered micaceous minerals (micas) are able to release potassium ion (K+) and fix caesium-137 (137Cs), both of which reduce soil-to-plant transfer of 137Cs. Among micas, trioctahedral micas such as biotite is expected to have a stronger ability to supply nonexchangeable K+ and a higher amount of Cs fixation sites than dioctahedral micas such as illite. Although biotite is predominant in granitic soils (G soils), illite is mainly dominant in sedimentary rock soils (S soils). Therefore, we hypothesized that G soils have a lower 137Cs transfer risk than S soils because of this difference in mineralogy. The objective of the present study was to determine the transfer factor (TF) of 137Cs and stable Cs (SCs) and to elucidate the determinant factors of TFs for G and S soils in Fukushima, Japan. Pot experiments were carried out with rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Hokuriku 193) in G and S soils to determine the TF of 137Cs (TF-137Cs) and stable Cs (TF-SCs) under K-deficient conditions. TF-137Cs and TF-SCs were highly correlated, and both were significantly lower for G soils than for S soils. Higher TF values were shown for soils with lower amounts of exchangeable and nonexchangeable K or with higher percentages of exchangeable 137Cs (ex137Cs). The percentage of ex137Cs was negatively correlated with the amount of Cs fixation sites, represented by the radiocaesium interception potential. Thus, we concluded that smaller TF values for G soils were caused by a stronger ability to supply nonexchangeable K+ and a higher amount of Cs fixation sites. These findings will contribute to the establishment of soil screening techniques based on 137Cs transfer risk in Fukushima prefecture.
  • SHA, ZM, WATANABE, CHU, Q, OKA, N, OSAKI, M, SHINANO Takuro
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 67 1 32 - 42 2019年01月09日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We tested whether introducing an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-host plant with a reduced P application rate could maintain soybean seeds' nutrient quality. The dynamic variation of 14 nutrients was analyzed in source and sink organs during the seed-filling stage. The AMF-host and non-AMF-host plants, sunflower and mustard, were grown as preceding crops (PCs). Soybeans, the succeeding crops, were planted with three different phosphorus levels, namely, 0, 50, and 150 kg P2O5 ha-1. The results showed that the AMF-host PC with a reduced P application rate maintained the seed's yield and nutrients quality. During the seed-filling stage, the AMF-host PC with a reduced P application rate increased the uptake of most nutrients compared to the non-AMF-host PC, and improved the remobilization efficiency of all nutrients except Mn, Fe, and Se, compared to the optimal P application rate. These results could help improve the utilization efficiency of P fertilizers and protect soybeans' nutritional value.
  • Kohji Yamamura, Shigeto Fujimura, Takeshi Ota, Tetsuya Ishikawa, Takashi Saito, Yoshimitsu Arai, Takuro Shinano
    Journal of environmental radioactivity 195 114 - 125 2018年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    To reduce radiocesium uptake by rice, large amounts of potassium fertilizer have been applied to paddy fields contaminated by radiocesium released from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant owned by the Tokyo Electric Power Company. The Fukushima Prefectural Government recommended maintenance of the soil exchangeable K content up to 200 mg K kg-1 before conventional fertilization in rice production. We constructed an equation to predict the transfer factor from soil to brown rice using the soil exchangeable K content. This equation was then used to calculate the appropriate soil exchangeable K content, which ensures a low risk (5%) of brown rice exceeding the standard limit (100 Bq kg-1 for grains) established in 2012. The equations were constructed using field data obtained by an investigation (measurement of the 137Cs concentrations in soil and brown rice and measurement of the soil exchangeable K content at harvest) that was performed from 2012 to 2015 in 321 paddy fields distributed all over Fukushima Prefecture. We found that the stochastic fluctuation of the transfer factor approximately follows a lognormal distribution under the given environmental conditions. Four factors are considered in predicting the logarithmic quantity of the transfer factor: (1) the linear influence of the logarithm of the exchangeable K content in soil, (2) the non-linear influence of the logarithm of the exchangeable K content in soil, (3) three districts in the Fukushima Prefecture and (4) the year. The linear model of the logarithm of exchangeable K content in soil was adopted by the RD criterion, which indicates the absolute goodness of models for prediction. The predictive ability of the model increased by 29% after including the logarithm of the exchangeable K content in soil (factor 1), while the predictive ability further increased by 10% after including spatial and temporal information (factors 3 and 4). The validity of the exchangeable K content recommended by the Fukushima Prefectural Government was re-examined using the proposed equations, which indicated that the conventional recommendation was appropriate at 2012 but is not fully appropriate under the current situation in which the radiocesium concentration in soil has decreased.
  • Kubo, T, Kobayashi, H, Fujimoto, R, Ota, T, Shinano, T
    Plant Production Science 2018年11月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Wasaki, J, Sakaguchi, J, Yamamura, T, Ito, S, Shinano, T, Osaki, M, Kandeler, E. P
    Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 64 6 686 - 696 2018年11月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We studied microbe-plant interactions of white lupin, a cluster root-forming plant, under low P and N conditions to examine increased nutrient acquisition by plants either by a shift to a more specialized microbial community or changes in microbial enzyme production. White lupin plants were grown in rhizoboxes filled with either P- or N-deficient soil; fertilized soil was used as control. After cultivation of plants in a glasshouse for 41 d, plant growth (shoot and roots) and P and N accumulation in shoots were measured. Microbial functions were analyzed by P- and N-cycling enzymes. The microbial community structure was estimated by fingerprinting (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and sequencing techniques. P deficiency induced the released citrate and acid phosphomonoesterases from cluster roots and stimulated the production of microbe-derived alkaline phosphomonoesterase in the rhizosphere. P deficiency decreased microbial diversity in the cluster root rhizosphere. Increased relative abundance of Burkholderiales in the rhizosphere of P deficient plants might be responsible for the degradation of different organic P fractions such as phytates. N deficiency induced an increase of the number of nodules and P concentration in shoot as well as roots of white lupin. We clarified that high release of citrate from cluster roots might be the preferred mechanisms to meet the P demand of nodulated plants under N deficiency. In addition, the high abundance of Rhizobiales and Rhodospirillales in the rhizosphere of cluster roots showed that the importance of N-fixing microorganisms under N deficiency. The contribution of rhizosphere microorganisms due to similar activities of N-cycling enzymes under the two different N treatments is less important for N nutrition of plants. Further understanding of the regulation of cluster roots under N-deficiency will provide new information on the interactions between P and N nutrition.
  • Junko Ishikawa, Shigeto Fujimura, Motohiko Kondo, Mari Murai-Hatano, Akitoshi Goto, Takuro Shinano
    Plant and Soil 429 1-2 1 - 16 2018年06月16日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Background and aims: Radiocesium uptake and accumulation in crops has been studied in Japan since the March 2011 nuclear power plant accident. However, few studies have reported how cesium (Cs) is distributed in aboveground parts and how it accumulates in edible parts. Here, we report the dynamics of Cs in aboveground parts of rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants throughout the cultivation period, and the effects of the amount of potassium (K) fertilizer applied to the soil. Methods: We conducted two years of pot experiments with several soil-K levels and examined the K and Cs concentrations in each plant part throughout the cultivation period. Results: During ripening, Cs accumulated most in the panicle neck. The ratio of the Cs concentration in brown rice to that in the straw was negatively correlated with the soil-K level, indicating that the proportion of Cs accumulated in the brown rice to that in the whole-aboveground parts increased at low soil K. During ripening, transport of Cs from belowground parts and translocation from leaf blades both seemed to increase at low soil K. Conclusion: The Cs distribution in plant parts appears to be regulated dynamically during ripening by the soil-K level.
  • 頼, 泰樹, 信濃, 卓郎, 永澤, 信洋, 我彦, 廣悦, 中村, 進一, 服部, 浩之, 横山, 咲, 佐藤, 奈美子, 古川, 純, 能美, 多希子, 伊藤, 那香, 森田, 祥司, 藤村, 恵人, 後藤, 明俊
    日土肥講要 63 0 75 - 75 一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会 2018年05月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Katashi Kubo, Takashi Hirayama, Shigeto Fujimura, Tetsuya Eguchi, Naoto Nihei, Shoichiro Hamamoto, Megumi Takeuchi, Takashi Saito, Takeshi Ota, Takuro Shinano
    Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 64 2 265 - 271 2018年03月04日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Increasing exchangeable potassium (ExK) content in soil to an appropriate level is important to mitigate the transfer of radioactive cesium to crops. We focused on a buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) field with a low ExK content, despite the application of K, in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan (Field A), following the Tokyo Electric Power Company Fukushima Dai-ichi (No. 1) Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011. We examined the relationship between K concentration and clay mineral composition in the soil of Field A and compared the findings with another field in Fukushima Prefecture (Field B) to clarify whether K applied to the soil was leached or remaining fixed. Pot experiments showed that K concentration in water seepage from pots following irrigation was significantly lower in pots from Field A than in those from Field B. Soil ExK content after soybean cultivation was lower in soils of Field A than those of Field B. These results indicate that K applied to Field A was fixed in the soil. Analysis of clay mineral composition confirmed the distinctive vermiculitic nature of Field A soils. This clay mineralogy would be associated with the higher K fixation ability of Field A than Field B soils. This study demonstrated that K fixation in vermiculite was a factor preventing the increase in ExK content from K application to Field A.
  • 好野奈美子, 堀井幸江, 村上敏文, 松波寿弥, 万福裕造, 信濃卓郎
    環境放射能除染学会誌 6 2 91 - 99 2018年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Changes in distribution of Cs in each part of rice plants in ripening period under different soil-K level.
    Junko Ishikawa, Shigeto Fujimura, Motohiko Kondo, Mari Murai-Hatano, Akitoshi Goto, Takuro Shinano
    Plant Soil 429 503 - 518 2018年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Hiroki Rai, Saki Yokoyama, Namiko Satoh-Nagasawa, Jun Furukawa, Takiko Nomi, Yasuka Ito, Shigeto Fujimura, Hidekazu Takahashi, Ryuichiro Suzuki, ELMannai Yousra, Akitoshi Goto, Shinichi Fuji, Shin-Ichi Nakamura, Takuro Shinano, Nobuhiro Nagasawa, Hiroetsu Wabiko, Hiroyuki Hattori
    Plant & cell physiology 58 11 2041 - 2041 2017年11月01日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Rai, H, Yokoyama, S, Satoh-Nagasawa, N, Furukawa, J, Nomi, T, Ito, Y, Fujimura, S, Takahashi, H, Suzuki, R, Yousra, E, Goto, A, Fuji, S, Nakamura, S, Shinano, T, Nagasawa, N, Wabiko, H, Hattori, H
    Plant and Cell Physiology 58 9 1486 - 1493 2017年09月01日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Incidents at the Fukushima and Chernobyl nuclear power stations have resulted in widespread environmental contamination by radioactive nuclides. Among them, 137cesium has a 30 year half-life, and its persistence in soil raises serious food security issues. It is therefore important to prevent plants, especially crop plants, from absorbing radiocesium. In Arabidopsis thaliana, cesium ions are transported into root cells by several different potassium transporters such as high-affinity K+ transporter 5 (AtHAK5). Therefore, the cesium uptake pathway is thought to be highly redundant, making it difficult to develop plants with low cesium uptake. Here, we isolated rice mutants with low cesium uptake and reveal that the Oryza sativa potassium transporter OsHAK1, which is expressed on the surfaces of roots, is the main route of cesium influx into rice plants, especially in low potassium conditions. During hydroponic cultivation with low to normal potassium concentrations (0-206 µM: the normal potassium level in soil), cesium influx in OsHAK1-knockout lines was no greater than one-eighth that in the wild type. In field experiments, knockout lines of O. sativa HAK1 (OsHAK1) showed dramatically reduced cesium concentrations in grains and shoots, but their potassium uptake was not greatly affected and their grain yields were similar to that of the wild type. Our results demonstrate that, in rice roots, potassium transport systems other than OsHAK1 make little or no contribution to cesium uptake. These results show that low cesium uptake rice lines can be developed for cultivation in radiocesium-contaminated areas.
  • Duan Guilan, Hakoyama Tsuneo, Kamiya Takehiro, Miwa Hiroki, Lombardo Fabien, Sato Shusei, Tabata Satoshi, Chen Zheng, Watanabe Toshihiro, Shinano Takuro, Fujiwara Toru
    PLANT JOURNAL 90 6 1108 - 1119 2017年06月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential nutrient for plants, and is required for nitrogenase activity of legumes. However, the pathways of Mo uptake from soils and then delivery to the nodules have not been characterized in legumes. In this study, we characterized a high-affinity Mo transporter (LjMOT1) from Lotus japonicus. Mo concentrations in an ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized line (ljmot1) decreased by 70-95% compared with wild-type (WT). By comparing the DNA sequences of four AtMOT1 homologs between mutant and WT lines, one point mutation was found in LjMOT1, which altered Trp292 to a stop codon; no mutation was found in the other homologous genes. The phenotype of Mo concentrations in F2 progeny from ljmot1 and WT crosses were associated with genotypes of LjMOT1. Introduction of endogenous LjMOT1 to ljmot1 restored Mo accumulation to approximately 60-70% of the WT. Yeast expressing LjMOT1 exhibited high Mo uptake activity, and the Km was 182 nm. LjMOT1 was expressed mainly in roots, and its expression was not affected by Mo supply or rhizobium inoculation. Although Mo accumulation in the nodules of ljmot1 was significantly lower than that of WT, it was still high enough for normal nodulation and nitrogenase activity, even for cotyledons-removed ljmot1 plants grown under low Mo conditions, in this case the plant growth was significantly inhibited by Mo deficiency. Our results suggest that LjMOT1 is an essential Mo transporter in L. japonicus for Mo uptake from the soil and growth, but is not for Mo delivery to the nodules.
  • Yamaguchi Chisato, Ohkama-Ohtsu Naoko, Shinano Takuro, Maruyama-Nakashita Akiko
    PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 12 5 e1325053  2017年05月04日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Glutathione and phytochelatins are sulfur containing compounds playing an important role in cadmium (Cd) detoxification. We examined the Cd-induced changes in the percentage of sulfur containing compounds to total sulfur in wild-type and sulfate transporter 1;2 knockout mutant, sel1-10. Cd treatment increased the proportion of sulfate and thiols in the total sulfur content. Among the thiols analyzed, the proportion of cysteine and glutathione were decreased by the Cd treatment and that of the phytochelatins were increased. Although the total sulfur content in sel1-10 was decreased compared with that in wild-type, the percentages of individual thiol in the total thiol content were similarly maintained between sel1-10 and wild-type, suggesting that plants tightly controlled the balance of each thiol under Cd treatment.
  • 保高徹生, 申文浩, 思田裕, 信濃卓郎, 林誠二, 塚田祥文, 青野辰雄, 飯島和毅, 江口定夫, 大野浩ー, 吉田幸弘, 上東浩, 北村清司, 久保田富次郎, 野川憲夫, 吉川夏樹, 山口裕顕, 末木啓介, 辻英樹, 宮津進, 岡田往子, 栗原モモ, Sandor Tarjan, 松波寿弥, 内田滋夫
    分析化学 66 4 299 - 307 2017年04月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    A large amount of radiocesium was released from the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant of Tokyo Electric Power Company. The determination of dissolved and particulate radiocesium concentrations in water is important, which can be used as basic information for understanding the long-term radiocesium dynamics in the environment and the transfer of radiocesium to crops. Conventional quantitative methods include the evaporative concentration to the dryness method and the AMP method. These methods need to concentrate about 20-200 L of water due to the low concentration of the dissolved radiocesium. After the accident, several new methods, such as the Prussian blue filter cartridge method and the solid-phase disk method, have been developed and put to practical use. In this study, we carried out an accuracy evaluation test to assess five methods (i.e., the evaporative concentration to dryness method, the AMP method, the Prussian blue filter cartridge method, the solid-phase disk method, and the ion-change resin method) using 3 types of water samples containing 0.01-1.0 Bq L-1 of dissolved radiocesium. Our results showed that the z-scores of over 80 % of the measured data were within +/- 2 and their CVs in the range of 8-13 %, indicating good reproducibility of these methods.
  • Katashi Kubo, Shigeto Fujimura, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Takeshi Ota, Takuro Shinano
    PLANT PRODUCTION SCIENCE 20 4 396 - 405 2017年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The effect of soil exchangeable (plant-available) potassium (ExK) content on cesium (Cs) absorption and translocation in buckwheat was evaluated in a field contaminated with radioactive Cs (Cs-134 and Cs-137, RCs) in 2013. The RCs concentration in buckwheat was significantly positively correlated with the naturally occurring stable Cs (Cs-133, SCs) concentration, and was lower at higher soil ExK content. The RCs and SCs were actively absorbed by buckwheat until the flowering stage. The soil ExK content was significantly negatively correlated with soil exchangeable RCs and SCs (ExRCs and ExSCs) concentrations. Greater RCs and SCs absorption by buckwheat in soils with low ExK contents was mainly due to higher soil ExRCs and ExSCs concentrations. Reproductive organs showed the largest differences in SCs concentration between low-ExK and high-ExK plots. The root-shoot and shoot-reproductive organs translocations of SCs markedly decreased with increasing soil ExK content. In the root-shoot and shoot-reproductive organs translocations, the discrimination of SCs and K decreased with decreasing soil ExK content. Our main findings were as follows: (1) because RCs are mainly taken up at the earlier growth stage, potassium should be applied as a basal fertilizer to decrease the RCs concentration in buckwheat; (2) lower soil ExK content led to higher soil ExRCs concentrations, resulting in greater RCs absorption by buckwheat; (3) the high Cs absorption and translocation and weaker discrimination between Cs and K in low ExK content soil may be due to the expression of K transporter(s) with weak discrimination between Cs and K.
  • Yamaguchi, C, Takimoto, Y, Ohkama-Ohtsu, N, Hokura, A, Shinano, T, Nakamura, T, Suyama, A, Maruyama-Nakanishi, A
    Plant and Cell Physiology 57 11 2353 - 2366 2016年11月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic and non-essential element for plants, whereas phytochelatins and glutathione are low-molecular-weight sulfur compounds that function as chelators and play important roles in detoxification. Cadmium exposure is known to induce the expression of sulfur-assimilating enzymes and sulfate uptake by roots. However, the molecular mechanism underlying Cd-induced changes remains largely unknown. Accordingly, we analyzed the effects of Cd treatment on the uptake and translocation of sulfate and accumulation of thiols in Arabidopsis thaliana Both wild type (WT) and null mutant (sel1-10 and sel1-18) plants of the sulfate transporter SULTR1;2 exhibited growth inhibition when treated with CdCl2 However, the mutant plants exhibited a lower growth rate and lower Cd accumulation. Cadmium treatment also upregulated the transcription of SULTR1;2 and sulfate uptake activity in WT plants, but not in mutant plants. In addition, the sulfate, phytochelatin and total sulfur contents were preferentially accumulated in the shoots of both WT and mutant plants treated with CdCl2, and sulfur K-edge XANES spectra suggested that sulfate was the main compound responsible for the increased sulfur content in the shoots of CdCl2-treated plants. Our results demonstrate that Cd-induced sulfate uptake depends on SULTR1;2 activity, and that CdCl2 treatment greatly shifts the distribution of sulfate to shoots, increases the sulfate concentration of xylem sap and upregulates the expression of SULTRs involved in root-to-shoot sulfate transport. Therefore, we conclude that root-to-shoot sulfate transport is stimulated by Cd and suggest that the uptake and translocation of sulfate in CdCl2-treated plants are enhanced by demand-driven regulatory networks.
  • Qingnan Chu, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Takuji Nakamura, Norikuni Oka, Mitsuru Osaki, Zhimin Sha
    JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE 179 4 488 - 498 2016年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The relative distribution of 22 mineral elements in the roots, nodules and shoots of the soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Tsurumusume) at R1 (beginning of the flowering stage) and R7 (beginning of the mature stage) was investigated in response to ammonium and manure N treatment. Plants receiving only atmospheric nitrogen served as the negative control. The addition of ammonium sulfate to the soil caused soil acidification, induced Al and Mn toxicities, and significantly reduced the biomass production in roots and nodules. Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn concentrations were significantly higher in shoots, and those of Mo and Co higher in nodules. The addition of manure to the soil significantly enhanced the levels of Sr, Ba, Cr, and Cd in shoots, whereas the concentration of Cs was decreased at R7. Moreover, when the soybean developed from R1 to R7, the levels of essential elements in nodules decreased, whereas those of nonessential elements increased, irrespective of the nitrogen source. Furthermore, the variation in the concentrations of many elements was not consistent for nodules and roots when soybean developed from R1 to R7. The variation of Mn, Zn, B, and Al concentrations was independent of N treatments. However, Ca, Fe, Cu, Mo, and Se levels were affected strongly by N treatments. This study is the first to document the dynamic variation of the soybean ionome in nodules, roots, and shoots from vegetative to reproductive stage of soybean.
  • Qingnan Chu, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Takuji Nakamura, Norikuni Oka, Mitsuru Osaki, Zhimin Sha
    JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE 179 4 488 - 498 2016年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The relative distribution of 22 mineral elements in the roots, nodules and shoots of the soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Tsurumusume) at R1 (beginning of the flowering stage) and R7 (beginning of the mature stage) was investigated in response to ammonium and manure N treatment. Plants receiving only atmospheric nitrogen served as the negative control. The addition of ammonium sulfate to the soil caused soil acidification, induced Al and Mn toxicities, and significantly reduced the biomass production in roots and nodules. Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn concentrations were significantly higher in shoots, and those of Mo and Co higher in nodules. The addition of manure to the soil significantly enhanced the levels of Sr, Ba, Cr, and Cd in shoots, whereas the concentration of Cs was decreased at R7. Moreover, when the soybean developed from R1 to R7, the levels of essential elements in nodules decreased, whereas those of nonessential elements increased, irrespective of the nitrogen source. Furthermore, the variation in the concentrations of many elements was not consistent for nodules and roots when soybean developed from R1 to R7. The variation of Mn, Zn, B, and Al concentrations was independent of N treatments. However, Ca, Fe, Cu, Mo, and Se levels were affected strongly by N treatments. This study is the first to document the dynamic variation of the soybean ionome in nodules, roots, and shoots from vegetative to reproductive stage of soybean.
  • Shinano T
    Modern Environmental Science and Engineering 2 7 454 - 461 2016年07月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • 本間健一, 高野博幸, 小林航, 佐々木忠志, 高橋祐司, 信濃卓郎, 八田珠郎, 万福祐造, 碓井次郎
    環境放射能除染学会誌 4 2 165 - 172 2016年06月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Distribution of minerals in young and mature leaves of different leaf vegetable crops cultivated in a field.
    Watanabe, T, Maejima, E, Urayama, M, Owadano, M, Yamauchi, A, Okada, R, Shinano, T, Osaki, M
    Open Journal of Plant Science 1 1 5 - 9 2016年05月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Metabolomics approach in soybean
    Takuji Nakamura, Keiki Okazaki, Noureddine Benkeblia, Jun Wasaki, Toshihiro Watanabe, Hideyuki Matsuura, Hirofumi Uchimiya, Setsuko Komatsu, Takuro Shinano
    Genetics, Genomics, and Breeding of Soybean 313 - 330 2016年04月19日 
    Profiling plant metabolites is able to serve a new technology for understanding metabolic pathway and it may also help picking up the difference beneath plant phenotypes. CE-MS is one of the suitable tools to analyze a large number of plant metabolites, while GC-MS is also a very powerful especially when focusing on primary metabolites, and LC-MS(/MS) is suitable for the detection of secondary metabolites. Several applications of metabolomics approach by using these analytical tools with fractionation of cellular organelles and extraction procedures are demonstrated in this chapter.
  • Katashi Kubo, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Masaya Fujita, Takeshi Ota, Yasuhiro Minamiyama, Yoshiaki Watanabe, Takashi Nakajima, Takuro Shinano
    ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 124 79 - 88 2016年04月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Low cadmium (Cd) transfer from the soil to edible parts of crop plants is important to minimize toxicity to humans and animals. We previously showed that Cd accumulation in grains differs substantially among varieties of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, we investigated the factors responsible for these differences by comparing the absorption and partitioning of Cd among wheat varieties with distinct grain Cd concentrations. Three varieties with low grain Cd concentrations (low-Cd/G varieties) and one standard variety were cultivated in a field (under natural conditions) and in pots with Cd application at four growth stages (emergence, jointing, flowering, and grain-filling). The Cd concentration and content in the whole plant and grains were determined at the seedling, flowering, grain-filling, and maturity stages in the field experiment. Cd concentration, content, and partitioning in different plant segments were determined at the maturity stage in the pot experiment. In the field experiment, there were significant differences in Cd partitioning to grains between low-Cd/G varieties and the standard variety. Cd application at different growth stages in the pot experiment indicated the remobilization of Cd from shoots to grains and direct transport of Cd from roots to grains. In the pot experiment, lower Cd absorption was detected in low-Cd/G varieties than in the standard variety and the low-Cd/G varieties exhibited differences in Cd sequestration among plant parts, including the root, leaf, lower stem, first internode, rachis, and/or glume. These results suggest that several factors related to Cd absorption and translocation, such as root traits and xylem and phloem transport, affect the accumulation of Cd in grains in common wheat. Understanding and elucidating the contribution of each of these factors might facilitate the development of common wheat varieties with minimal grain Cd accumulation. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Matsunami, H, Murakami, T, Fujiwara, H, Shinano, T
    Scientific Reports 6 20386 - 20386 2016年02月04日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011, caused the release of radioactive materials from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), contaminating eastern Japan, particularly in part of Fukushima Prefecture. In 2012 and 2014, the radiocaesium concentration in brown rice did not exceed regulatory levels in Minamisoma City, Fukushima. However, in 2013, some radiocaesium concentrations in brown rice exceeded regulatory levels. In this work, autoradiograms showed that high radioactivity was present as contaminated spots on the panicles of rice and in brown rice in 2013. We evaluate the contribution of direct contamination to the radiocaesium concentration in brown rice and discuss the origin of radiocaesium contamination in brown rice using the (134)Cs/(137)Cs radioactivity ratio. Here, we show that the main cause of the unexplained radiocaesium contamination of brown rice in Minamisoma City in 2013 is the adherence of radioactive materials to the rice panicles, and these radioactive materials are associated with reactor units 2 or 3 of FDNPP.
  • Hisaya Matsunami, Toshifumi Murakami, Hideshi Fujiwara, Takuro Shinano
    SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 6 2016年02月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011, caused the release of radioactive materials from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), contaminating eastern Japan, particularly in part of Fukushima Prefecture. In 2012 and 2014, the radiocaesium concentration in brown rice did not exceed regulatory levels in Minamisoma City, Fukushima. However, in 2013, some radiocaesium concentrations in brown rice exceeded regulatory levels. In this work, autoradiograms showed that high radioactivity was present as contaminated spots on the panicles of rice and in brown rice in 2013. We evaluate the contribution of direct contamination to the radiocaesium concentration in brown rice and discuss the origin of radiocaesium contamination in brown rice using the Cs-134/Cs-137 radioactivity ratio. Here, we show that the main cause of the unexplained radiocaesium contamination of brown rice in Minamisoma City in 2013 is the adherence of radioactive materials to the rice panicles, and these radioactive materials are associated with reactor units 2 or 3 of FDNPP.
  • Tomohiko Fukuda, Keiki Okazaki, Ayano Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Norikuni Oka
    METABOLOMICS 12 2 2016年02月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    In order to supply pleasant foods in ordinal dietary, improving crop quality by applying effective growth conditions is a desirable but challenging approach. In this study, to determine the sensory quality of mizuna (Brassica rapa L. var. Nipposinica), one of a Brassica leafy crops grown with different fertilizer application, GC-MS based hydrophilic metabolites and volatiles as well as sensory attributes were measured. Clusters of applied fertilizer condition were significantly divided between with or without manure amendments within all the variances including sensory and metabolite data. Projection to latent structures regression analyzes revealed that L-glutamine, L-asparagine, and other amino acids negatively correlated with bitterness, whereas raffinose, maltose, and malic acid positively correlated with bitterness. Furthermore glucosinolate breakdown products, particularly allyl isothiocyanate revealed a strong positive correlation with Brassica specific wasabi-like sharpness. Based on the comprehensive view of both metabolite and sensory profiling, the perspective for improvement in sensory quality is discussed.
  • Tomohiko Fukuda, Keiki Okazaki, Ayano Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Norikuni Oka
    METABOLOMICS 12 2 1 - 9 2016年02月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    In order to supply pleasant foods in ordinal dietary, improving crop quality by applying effective growth conditions is a desirable but challenging approach. In this study, to determine the sensory quality of mizuna (Brassica rapa L. var. Nipposinica), one of a Brassica leafy crops grown with different fertilizer application, GC-MS based hydrophilic metabolites and volatiles as well as sensory attributes were measured. Clusters of applied fertilizer condition were significantly divided between with or without manure amendments within all the variances including sensory and metabolite data. Projection to latent structures regression analyzes revealed that L-glutamine, L-asparagine, and other amino acids negatively correlated with bitterness, whereas raffinose, maltose, and malic acid positively correlated with bitterness. Furthermore glucosinolate breakdown products, particularly allyl isothiocyanate revealed a strong positive correlation with Brassica specific wasabi-like sharpness. Based on the comprehensive view of both metabolite and sensory profiling, the perspective for improvement in sensory quality is discussed.
  • Takuro Shinano, Toshihiro Watanabe, Qingnan Chu
    SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 62 5-6 569 - 569 2016年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Watanabe, T, Maejima, E, Yoshimura, T, Urayama, M, Yamauchi, A, Owadano, M, Okada, R, Osaki, M, Kanayama, Y, Shinano, T
    PLos ONE 11 8 e0160273  2016年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Soil contains various essential and nonessential elements, all of which can be absorbed by plants. Plant ionomics is the study of the accumulation of these elements (the ionome) in plants. The ionomic profile of a plant is affected by various factors, including species, variety, organ, and environment. In this study, we cultivated various vegetable crop species and cultivars under the same field conditions and analyzed the level of accumulation of each element in the edible and nonedible parts using ionomic techniques. The concentration of each element in the edible parts differed between species, which could be partly explained by differences in the types of edible organs (root, leaf, seed, and fruit). For example, the calcium concentration was lower in seeds and fruit than in other organs because of the higher dependency of calcium accumulation on xylem transfer. The concentration of several essential microelements and nonessential elements in the edible parts also varied greatly between cultivars of the same species, knowledge of which will help in the breeding of vegetables that are biofortified or contain lower concentrations of toxic elements. Comparison of the ionomes of the fruit and leaves of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and eggplant (S. melongena) indicated that cadmium and boron had higher levels of accumulation in eggplant fruit, likely because of their effective transport in the phloem. We also found that homologous elements that have been reported to share the same uptake/transport system often showed significant correlation only in a few families and that the slopes of these relationships differed between families. Therefore, these differences in the characteristics of mineral accumulation are likely to affect the ionomic profiles of different families.
  • Katashi Kubo, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Kazutoshi Nemoto, Takashi Hirayama, Hisaya Matsunami, Yasuhiro Ichihashi, Takeshi Ota, Shoji Keitoku, Takuro Shinano
    PLANT PRODUCTION SCIENCE 19 1 91 - 95 2016年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    This study assessed soil contamination with high radioactive cesium (R-Cs) concentration in buckwheat grains by lodging, and assessed the possibility of R-Cs reduction in grain through post-harvest preparation. Analysis of buckwheat grain produced in farmers' fields and reports from farmers indicated that grain from fields that had lodging showed higher R-Cs than grain from fields with no lodging. A field experiment demonstrated that R-Cs in grain after threshing and winnowing (TW) was about six times higher in lodged plants than in nonlodged plants. In lodged plants, R-Cs in grain was decreased to about one-fourth by polishing, and was decreased to about one-seventh by ultrasonic cleaning, compared with R-Cs in grain after TW. These results demonstrate that R-Cs of buckwheat grain of lodged plants can be decreased by removing soil from the grain surface by polishing and winnowing.
  • Toshihiro Watanabe, Masaru Urayama, Takuro Shinano, Ryosuke Okada, Mitsuru Osaki
    SPRINGERPLUS 4 2015年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Ionomics is the study of elemental accumulation in living organisms using high-throughput elemental profiling. In the present study, we examined the ionomic responses to nutrient deficiency in maize grown in the field in long-term fertilizer trials. Furthermore, the available elements in the field soils were analyzed to investigate their changes under long-term fertilizer treatment and the ionomic relationships between plant and soil. Maize was cultivated in a field with the following five long-term fertilizer treatments: complete fertilization, fertilization without nitrogen, without phosphorus, without potassium, and no fertilization. Concentrations of 22 elements in leaves at an early flowering stage and in soils after harvest were determined. The fertilizer treatments changed the availabilities of many elements in soils. For example, available cesium was decreased by 39 % and increased by 126 % by fertilizations without nitrogen and potassium, respectively. Effects of treatments on the ionome in leaves were evaluated using the translocation ratio (the concentration in leaves relative to the available concentration in soils) for each element. Nitrogen deficiency specifically increased the uptake ability of molybdenum, which might induce the enhancement of nitrogen assimilation and/or endophytic nitrogen fixation in plant. Potassium deficiency drastically enhanced the uptake ability of various cationic elements. These elements might act as alternatives to K in osmoregulation and counterion of organic/inorganic anions. Two major groups of elements were detected by multivariate analyses of plant ionome. Elements in the same group may be linked more or less in uptake and/or translocation systems. No significant correlation between plant and soil was found in concentrations of many elements, even though various soil extraction methods were applied, implying that the interactions between the target and other elements in soil must be considered when analyzing mineral dynamics between plant and soil.
  • Eguchi Tetsuya, Ohta Takeshi, Ishikawa Tetsuya, Matsunami Hisaya, Takahashi Yoshihiko, Kubo Katashi, Yamaguchi Noriko, Kihou Nobuharu, Shinano Takuro
    JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 147 33 - 42 2015年09月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    A pot cultivation experiment was conducted to elucidate the influence of the nonexchangeable potassium (K) of mica on radiocesium ((137)Cs) uptake by paddy rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Koshihikari), and to evaluate the potential of mica application as a countermeasure to reduce radiocesium transfer from soil to paddy rice. The increase in the exchangeable K concentrations of soils, measured before planting, due to mica (muscovite, biotite, and phlogopite) application was negligible. However, in trioctahedral mica (biotite and phlogopite)-treated soil, the release of nonexchangeable K from the mica interlayer maintained the soil-solution K at a higher level during the growing season in comparison to the control, and consequently decreased the (137)Cs transfer factor for brown rice (TF). The sodium tetraphenylboron (TPB)-extractable K concentration of the soils, measured before planting, was strongly negatively correlated with the TF, whereas the exchangeable K concentration of the soils, also measured before planting, was not correlated with the TF. Therefore, we conclude that TPB-extractable K is more reliable than exchangeable K as a basis of fertilizer recommendations for radiocesium-contaminated paddy fields. Phlogopite-treated soils exhibited higher TPB-extractable K concentrations and lower TF values than biotite-treated soils. We thus conclude that phlogopite application is an effective countermeasure to reduce radiocesium uptake in paddy rice.
  • Chu Q, Watanabe T, Sha Z, Osaki M, Shinano T
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 63 8 2355 - 63 2015年03月04日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Aiming at clarifying the interactions between Cs, Sr, and other mineral elements in the genus Amaranthus, this study adopted 33 different varieties of Amaranthus and investigated the concentrations of 23 mineral elements in shoots grown in the fields of Iino in Fukushima prefecture. Significant varietal effects were detected for all elements except Se, and degree of interspecies variation was highly element dependent. Among 23 elements, amaranths were less sensitive to the accumulation of Cs and Sr than most other mineral elements to the species level. There are six elements showing significant correlation with Cs, positive correlations between As, Rb, Al, Fe, Ni, and Cs, and negative correlation between Ba and Cs. Significant correlations between Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, B, Ba, Cd, and Sr were detected, and all of the coefficients were positive. Cs and Sr did not present significant correlation, but they were both significantly correlated with Ba. By principal component analysis (PCA), the first and second principal components (PC1 and PC2) accounted for 23.2 and 20.3% of the total variance and associated with Cs and Sr, respectively. Both of the two species took up more Cs by promoting the influx of elements positively correlated with Cs into shoot, but at the same time, Amaranthus hypochondriacus (L.) Mapes 847 decreased the K and Ba uptake and Amaranthus powellii (S. Wats) subsp. Powellii inhibited the accumulation of Rb, Sr, and significantly correlated elements of Sr in shoot. This study is the first to pave the way for comprehension on ionome in amaranth shoot at the variety level. The results of this research provide the ionomic basis for implementing countermeasures in the field against the translocation of Cs (and potentially Sr) toward crops and food.
  • Qingnan Chu, Toshihiro Watanabe, Zhimin Sha, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano
    JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 63 8 2355 - 2363 2015年03月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Aiming at clarifying the interactions between Cs, Sr, and other mineral elements in the genus Amaranthus, this study adopted 33 different varieties of Amaranthus and investigated the concentrations of 23 mineral elements in shoots grown in the fields of Iino in Fukushima prefecture. Significant varietal effects were detected for all elements except Se, and degree of interspecies variation was highly element dependent. Among 23 elements, amaranths were less sensitive to the accumulation of Cs and Sr than most other mineral elements to the species level. There are six elements showing significant correlation with Cs, positive correlations between As, Rb, Al, Fe, Ni, and Cs, and negative correlation between Ba and Cs. Significant correlations between Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, B, Ba, Cd, and Sr were detected, and all of the coefficients were positive. Cs and Sr did not present significant correlation, but they were both significantly correlated with Ba. By principal component analysis (PCA), the first and second principal components (PC1 and PC2) accounted for 23.2 and 20.3% of the total variance and associated with Cs and Sr, respectively. Both of the two species took up more Cs by promoting the influx of elements positively correlated with Cs into shoot, but at the same time, Amaranthus hypochondriacus (L.) Mapes 847 decreased the K and Ba uptake and Amaranthus powellii (S. Wats) subsp. Powellii inhibited the accumulation of Rb, Sr, and significantly correlated elements of Sr in shoot. This study is the first to pave the way for comprehension on ionome in amaranth shoot at the variety level. The results of this research provide the ionomic basis for implementing countermeasures in the field against the translocation of Cs (and potentially Sr) toward crops and food.
  • Katashi Kubo, Kazutoshi Nemoto, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Yasushi Kuriyama, Hirohide Harada, Hisaya Matsunami, Tetsuya Eguchi, Nobuharu Kihou, Takeshi Ota, Shoji Keitoku, Takeshi Kimura, Takuro Shinano
    FIELD CROPS RESEARCH 170 40 - 46 2015年01月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Tokyo Electric Power Company's Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant released radioactive cesium (Cs) into the environment after the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011. After radioactive Cs fell onto agricultural fields, radioactive nuclide levels in some buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Wench) grain subsequently exceeded new standard limits for radioactive materials, including that for radioactive Cs (100 Bq kg(-1)) established by the Japanese government in 2012. A survey of soils and buckwheat grain from 68 farmers' fields in 2012 revealed that soil exchangeable potassium (K) concentration was significantly and negatively correlated with radioactive Cs concentration in the grain. The effect of K application on the reduction of radioactive Cs concentration in the grain was confirmed by pot and field experiments conducted respectively in 2012 and 2013. This effect might result from the similarity of ion forms of K and Cs and/or the lower exchangeable Cs concentrations at higher exchangeable K concentrations in soil. Based on these results, farmers were recommended to establish a soil exchangeable K concentration of 250 mg kg(-1) (300 mg kg(-1) in K2O) before applying basal fertilizer. After this recommendation, the soil K concentrations of farmers' fields increased, causing an overall decrease in radioactive Cs concentrations of buckwheat grain produced in 2013. Consequently, no grain sample from this year exceeded the standard limits for radioactive Cs level across the affected area in Japan. These efforts contributed greatly to the rehabilitation and reconstruction of agriculture in the area contaminated with radioactive Cs. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Yusuke Unno, Takuro Shinano, Kiwamu Minamisawa, Seishi Ikeda
    SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY 80 232 - 236 2015年01月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We evaluated the impacts of a macronutrient deficiency on the community structure of root-associated bacteria in potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivation. Potato plants were cultivated in a long-term experimental field under a nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium deficiency, and roots were sampled at the early flowering stage. Amplicon libraries of 16S rRNA gene were constructed for root-associated bacteria, and bacterial diversity was analyzed by Means of pyrosequencing. Statistical analyses showed significantly lower species evenness in the nutrient-deficient plots compared with the value in a plot with standard fertilization. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the abundance of Rhizobium spp. increased dramatically in all plots under a macronutrient deficiency. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • 松波寿弥, 申文浩, 高橋義彦, 北島枝織, 土屋貴史, 信濃卓郎
    Radioisotopes 64 681 - 686 2015年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Watanabe T, Urayama M, Shinano T, Okada R, Osaki M
    SpringerPlus 4 781 - 781 2015年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Ionomics is the study of elemental accumulation in living organisms using high-throughput elemental profiling. In the present study, we examined the ionomic responses to nutrient deficiency in maize grown in the field in long-term fertilizer trials. Furthermore, the available elements in the field soils were analyzed to investigate their changes under long-term fertilizer treatment and the ionomic relationships between plant and soil. Maize was cultivated in a field with the following five long-term fertilizer treatments: complete fertilization, fertilization without nitrogen, without phosphorus, without potassium, and no fertilization. Concentrations of 22 elements in leaves at an early flowering stage and in soils after harvest were determined. The fertilizer treatments changed the availabilities of many elements in soils. For example, available cesium was decreased by 39 % and increased by 126 % by fertilizations without nitrogen and potassium, respectively. Effects of treatments on the ionome in leaves were evaluated using the translocation ratio (the concentration in leaves relative to the available concentration in soils) for each element. Nitrogen deficiency specifically increased the uptake ability of molybdenum, which might induce the enhancement of nitrogen assimilation and/or endophytic nitrogen fixation in plant. Potassium deficiency drastically enhanced the uptake ability of various cationic elements. These elements might act as alternatives to K in osmoregulation and counterion of organic/inorganic anions. Two major groups of elements were detected by multivariate analyses of plant ionome. Elements in the same group may be linked more or less in uptake and/or translocation systems. No significant correlation between plant and soil was found in concentrations of many elements, even though various soil extraction methods were applied, implying that the interactions between the target and other elements in soil must be considered when analyzing mineral dynamics between plant and soil.
  • 農産物への放射性セシウムの移行抑制対策
    信濃卓郎
    JATAFF 3 9 24 - 29 2015年 [査読無し][招待有り]
  • 早岡英介, 久保田直, 信濃卓郎, 本田紀生
    科学技術コミュニケーション 17 17 99 - 112 北海道大学高等教育推進機構 高等教育研究部 科学技術コミュニケーション教育研究部門（CoSTEP） 2015年 [査読有り][招待有り]
  • 信濃卓郎
    科学技術コミュニケーション 17 17 85 - 91 2015年 [査読有り][招待有り]
  • Unno Y, Shinano T, Minamisawa K, Ikeda S
    Soil Biology and Biochemistry 80 232 - 236 2015年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Takuro Shinano, Toshihiro Watanabe, Qingnan Chu, Mitsuru Osaki, Daisuke Kobayashi, Toshiyasu Okouchi, Hisaya Matsunami, Osamu Nagata, Keiki Okazaki, Takuji Nakamura
    SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 60 6 809 - 817 2014年11月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Within Amaranthaceae, 33 different varieties, including local varieties from Japan, were grown in 2012 in a field in the town of Iino in the Fukushima prefecture, which is located approximately 51km north of Tokyo Electric Power Company, Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP). The contamination level of the soil was 2770 +/- 140Bq kg(-1) dry weight ((134)Cesium (Cs)+Cs-137, average +/- SE), and the field was also cultivated in 2011. There was a significant varietal difference in the dry weight production, radiocesium accumulation and transfer factor (TF) of radiocesium from the soil to the plant. The ratio of the lowest TF to the highest TF was approximately 3. Because the ratio of Cs-137 to Cs-133 was significantly positive, radiocesium seems to be absorbed in a manner similar to that of Cs-133. It is suggested that the varietal difference in the behavior of radiocesium uptake mainly depends on its genetic background rather than on environmental factors.
  • Keitaro Tawaraya, Ryota Horie, Takuro Shinano, Tadao Wagatsuma, Kazuki Saito, Akira Oikawa
    SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 60 5 679 - 694 2014年09月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Root exudates are derived from plant metabolites and their composition is affected by the plant nutritional status. The purpose of this study was to examine soybean root exudates under phosphorus (P) deficiency using a metabolite profiling technique. Glycine max L. (cv. Suzuyutaka) was grown in a culture solution at P concentrations of 0 (P0) and 8 (P8) mg P L-1 for 1, 5, 10 and 15days after transplanting. Shoot extract, root extract and root exudates were collected and their metabolites were determined by capillary electrophoresis/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOF MS). The shoot P concentration and dry weight of soybean plants grown at P0 were lower than those at P8. One hundred and eight, 116 and 79 metabolites were identified in the shoot extract, root extract and root exudates, respectively. The concentrations of several metabolites including amino acids and organic acids in root exudates were higher at P0 than at P8, irrespective of the P concentration in the shoot or root extract. These findings suggest that soybean roots actively release metabolites in response to P deficiency.
  • Toshihiro Watanabe, Ran Kouho, Tomo Katayose, Nobuyuki Kitajima, Naoya Sakamoto, Noriko Yamaguchi, Takuro Shinano, Hisayoshi Yurimoto, Mitsuru Osaki
    Plant, cell & environment 37 1 45 - 53 2014年01月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Low-molecular-weight thiol (LMWT) synthesis has been reported to be directly induced by arsenic (As) in Pteris vittata, an As hyperaccumulator. Sulphur (S) is a critical component of LMWTs. Here, the effect of As treatment on the uptake and distribution of S in P. vittata was investigated. In P. vittata grown under low S conditions, the presence of As in the growth medium enhanced the uptake of SO4(2-), which was used for LMWT synthesis in fronds. In contrast, As application did not affect SO4(2-) uptake in Nephrolepis exaltata, an As non-hyperaccumulator. Moreover, the isotope microscope system revealed that S absorbed with As accumulated locally in a vacuole-like organelle in epidermal cells, whereas S absorbed alone was distributed uniformly. These results suggest that S is involved in As transport and/or accumulation in P. vittata. X-ray absorption near-edge structure analysis revealed that the major As species in the fronds and roots of P. vittata were inorganic As(III) and As(V), respectively, and that As-LMWT complexes occurred as a minor species. Consequently, in case of As accumulation in P. vittata, S possibly acts as a temporary ligand for As in the form of LMWTs in intercellular and/or intracellular transport (e.g. vacuolar sequestration).
  • Kobayashi D, Okouchi T, Yamagami M, Shinano T
    Journal of plant research 127 1 51 - 6 1 2014年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The purpose of this study was to verify radiocesium decontamination from Fukushima farmland by plants and to screen plants useful for phytoremediation. Thirteen species from three families (Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae) of crops were grown in shallow and deeply cultivated fields (0-8 and 0-15 cm plowing, respectively). To change plowing depth was expected to make different contacting zone between root system and radiocesium in soil. The radioactivity values of the plants due to the radiocesium ¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs were 22-179 and 29-225 Bq kg dry weight⁻¹, respectively. The ¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs transfer factors for plants grown in the shallow field ranged from 0.021 to 0.12 and fro 0.019 to 0.13, respectively, with the geometric means of 0.051 and 0.057, respectively. The ¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs transfer factors for plants grown in the deep field ranged from 0.019 to 0.13 and from 0.022 to 0.13, respectively, with the geometric means of 0.045 and 0.063, respectively. Although a reducing ratio was calculated to evaluate the decrease in radiocesium from contaminated soil during cultivation (i.e., phytoremediation ability), no plant species resulted in a remarkable decrease in radiocesium in soil among the tested crops. These results should be followed up for several years and further analyses are required to evaluate whether the phytoremediation technique is applicable to radioactively contaminated farmlands.
  • Shinano T, Yoshimura T, Watanabe T, Unno Y, Osaki M, Nanjo Y, Komatsu S
    Journal of proteome research 12 11 4748 - 56 11 2013年11月01日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Plant roots are complicated organs that absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Roots also play an essential role in protecting plants from attack by soil pathogens and develop a beneficial role with some soil microorganisms. Plant-derived rhizosphere proteins (e.g., root secretory proteins and root surface binding proteins) are considered to play important roles in developing mutual relationships in the rhizosphere. In the rhizosphere, where plant roots meet the surrounding environment, it has been suggested that root secretory protein and root surface binding protein are important factors. Furthermore, it is not known how the physiological status of the plant affects the profile of these proteins. In this study, rice plants were grown aseptically, with or without phosphorus nutrition, and proteins were obtained from root bathing solution (designated as root secretory proteins) and obtained using 0.2 M CaCl2 solution (designated as root surface binding proteins). The total number of identified proteins in the root bathing solution was 458, and the number of root surface binding proteins was 256. More than half of the proteins were observed in both fractions. Most of the proteins were categorized as either having signal peptides or no membrane transport helix sites. The functional categorization suggested that most of the proteins seemed to have secretory pathways and were involved in defense/disease-related functions. These characteristics seem to be unique to rhizosphere proteins, and the latter might be part of the plants strategy to defeat pathogens in the soil. The low phosphorus treatment significantly increased the number of pathogenesis-related proteins in the root secretory proteins, whereas the change was small in the case of the root surface binding proteins. The results suggested that the roots are actively and selectively secreting protein into the rhizosphere.
  • Fukuda T, Okazaki K, Shinano T
    Journal of food science 78 11 S1800-6 - 6 11 2013年11月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The aroma characteristics and volatile profiles of 14 carrot varieties were investigated by sensory evaluations and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry volatile analyses. The sensory map obtained by principal components analysis showed that the sensory attributes comprised 3 categories: sour/green, overall carrot/harsh/ink-like, and fruity/fresh/sweet. The Kuroda type is characterized by lower intensities of overall carrot/harsh/ink-like and fruity/fresh/sweet notes. Furthermore, volatile profiling indicated that this type did not have significantly higher amounts of volatiles. Partial least squares regression analysis determined the quantitative contributions to ink-like, harsh, and fruity carrot aromas; monoterpenes had significant positive correlations with these attributes, while bisabolene isomers had negative correlations. The aroma attribute intensity and contents of volatiles and nutritional compounds are relatively low in the Kuroda type than in other carrot types. This type may be useful for reducing carrot harshness during the development of new carrots with good eating qualities.
  • Tachibana N, Nagasawa K, Wang B, Nishiya K, Fukushima M, Kanno H, Shinano T, Okazaki K
    Chemosphere 93 4 695 - 700 4 2013年10月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The effects of water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from compost-like materials on peroxidative stress were investigated for hydroponic culture of barley exposed to Cd. In the presence of WEOM, lipoxygenase activity and malondialdehyde, indices of peroxidative stress in barley, were significantly reduced, compared to those with Cd alone (5 μM) for a 30-d culture (p<0.05). In addition, Cd uptake in the presence of WEOM samples was significantly lower than that in their absence (p<0.05). These results indicate that the addition of WEOM can be effective in mitigating the peroxidative stress in barley exposed to Cd. Of the total Cd in the solution, 7-8% was complexed with WEOM, indicating that the complexation of Cd with WEOM is a minor factor in reducing Cd-induced stress in barley. The WEOM sample was purified by cation-exchange column and ultrafiltration to remove the nutrient minerals, such as Ca, Mg and Fe. When the purified WEOM was employed for hydroponic culture in the presence of Cd, significant decreases in peroxidative stress and Cd uptake were observed (p<0.05). These results show that the organic components in WEOM contribute to the mitigation of peroxidative stress in barley exposed to Cd.
  • Ayano Watanabe, Keiki Okazaki, Toshihiro Watanabe, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano
    JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 61 5 1009 - 1016 2013年02月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Organic matter amendment is an essential agricultural protocol to improve soil function and carbon sequestration. However, the effect of organic matter amendments on crop quality has not been well-defined. This study applied gas chromatography mass spectrometry to investigate the metabolite profiling of mizuna (Brassica rapa L. var. Nipponsinica) with different organic matter amendments with respect to quality and quantity. Principal component analysis showed that 33.4, 15.6, and 6.6% of the total variance was attributable to the plant N concentration, fast-release organic fertilizer (fish cake), chicken droppings), and rapeseed cake), and manure application (fresh and dried), respectively. The peak areas of 18 and 15 compounds were significantly altered under organic fertilizer and manure amendment, respectively, compared with pure chemical fertilizer amendment. The compounds altered with manure amendment were similar to those reported in previous studies using other species. This study is the first to show dear metabolic alterations in plants through the amendment of fast-release organic fertilizer. Mizuna is a unique plant species that responds to both organic fertilizer and manure. These observations are useful to clarify the effect of organic matter amendment and quality control in farming systems using organic matter.
  • Yusuke Unno, Takuro Shinano
    Microbes and Environments 28 1 120 - 127 2013年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    While phytic acid is a major form of organic phosphate in many soils, plant utilization of phytic acid is normally limited however, culture trials of Lotus japonicus using experimental field soil that had been managed without phosphate fertilizer for over 90 years showed significant usage of phytic acid applied to soil for growth and flowering and differences in the degree of growth, even in the same culture pot. To understand the key metabolic processes involved in soil phytic acid utilization, we analyzed rhizosphere soil microbial communities using molecular ecological approaches. Although molecular fingerprint analysis revealed changes in the rhizosphere soil microbial communities from bulk soil microbial community, no clear relationship between the microbiome composition and flowering status that might be related to phytic acid utilization of L. japonicus could be determined. However, metagenomic analysis revealed changes in the relative abundance of the classes Bacteroidetes, Betaproteobacteria, Chlorobi, Dehalococcoidetes and Methanobacteria, which include strains that potentially promote plant growth and phytic acid utilization, and some gene clusters relating to phytic acid utilization, such as alkaline phosphatase and citrate synthase, with the phytic acid utilization status of the plant. This study highlights phylogenetic and metabolic features of the microbial community of the L. japonicus rhizosphere and provides a basic understanding of how rhizosphere microbial communities affect the phytic acid status in soil.
  • Keitaro Tawaraya, Ryota Horie, Akiko Saito, Takuro Shinano, Tadao Wagatsuma, Kazuki Saito, Akira Oikawa
    JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION 36 7 1138 - 1159 2013年01月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We applied a metabolite profiling technique to investigate root exudates under phosphorus (P) deficiency. Oryza sativa was grown in culture solution containing three P levels (0, 1, and 8mg P L-1). Shoot extracts, root extracts, and root exudates were obtained from 18 and 23-day-old plants and their metabolites were determined by capillary electrophoresis/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Eighty, 90, and 65 metabolites were identified in shoot extracts, root extracts, and root exudates, respectively. Sixty-three to eighty-four percent of the metabolites were exuded to the rhizosphere. More than 33% of the metabolites in the root exudates showed higher concentration at low P than at high P. On the other hand, only 14% of the metabolites in the root extracts showed lower concentration at low P than at high P. These results suggest that rice roots actively release many metabolites in response to P deficiency.
  • Zhimin Sha, Norikuni Oka, Toshihiro Watanabe, Biatna Dulbert Tampubolon, Keiki Okazaki, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano
    JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 60 38 9543 - 9552 2012年09月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Two field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of previous cultivation of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) host plant and manure application on the concentration of 19 mineral elements in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Tsurumusume) seeds. Each experiment ran for two years (experiment 1 took place in 2007-2008, and experiment 2 took place in 2008-2009) with a split plot design. Soybeans were cultivated after growing either an AM host plant (maize, Zea mays L. cv. New dental) or a non-AM host plant (buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. cv. Kitawase-soba) in the first year in the main plots, with manure application (0 and 20 t/ha) during the soybean season in split plots from both main plots. On the basis of the two experiments, manure application significantly increased the available potassium (K) and decreased the available iron (Fe) and cesium (Cs) in the soil. However, higher concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and barium (Ba) and lower concentrations of Cs in the seed were induced by the application of manure. Cd levels in the seed were decreased by prior cultivation with the AM host plant. The present study showed that the identity of the prior crop and manure application changed the mineral contents of the soybean seed and suggests a connection between environmental factors and food safety.
  • Mitigation of peroxidative stress for a barley exposed to cadmium in the presence of water-extractable organic matter from compost-like materials.
    Naoya Tachibana, Kenya Nagasawa, Masami Fukushima, Hikari Kanno, Takuro Shinano, Keiki Okazaki
    In: “Functions of Natural Organic Matter in Changing Environment” Proceeding Papers of The 16th Meeting of the International Humic Substances Society 347 - 349 2012年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • A. Shime-Hattori, S. Kobayashi, S. Ikeda, R. Asano, H. Shime, T. Shinano
    JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 111 4 915 - 924 2011年10月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Aims: To develop a rapid and simple genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for detecting and identifying isolates of the genus Azospirillum which is well-recognized as plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium. Methods and Results: Nine pairs of PCR primers were designed based on the Azospirillum 16S rRNA, ipdC, nifA and nifH genes to assess their genus specificity by testing against 12 Azospirillum (from seven species) and 15 non-Azospirillum reference strains, as compared with the fAZO/rAZO pair reported by Baudoin et al. (J Appl Microbiol, 108, 2010, 25). Among the primer pairs assessed, the Az16S-A pair designed on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed the highest genus specificity: it successfully yielded a single amplicon of the expected size in all the 12 Azospirillum strains and for a close relative, Rhodocista centenaria. The PCR with the Az16S-A primers generated a detectable amount of the amplicon from >= 10(3) CPU ml(-1) of Azospirillum cell suspensions even in the presence of contaminants and accurately discriminated Azospirillum and non-Azospirillum species in both 35 Azospirillum-like and 70 unknown isolates from plant roots and rhizosphere soils. Conclusions: We developed a rapid and simple PCR method for detecting and identifying Azospirillum isolates within populations of rhizosphere bacteria. Significance and Impact of the Study: The method developed would serve as a useful tool for isolating a variety of indigenous Azospirillum bacteria from agricultural samples.
  • Seishi Ikeda, Takashi Okubo, Naoya Takeda, Mari Banba, Kazuhiro Sasaki, Haruko Imaizumi-Anraku, Shinsuke Fujihara, Yoshinari Ohwaki, Kenshiro Ohshima, Yoshimichi Fukuta, Shima Eda, Hisayuki Mitsui, Masahira Hattori, Tadashi Sato, Takuro Shinano, Kiwamu Minamisawa
    APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 77 13 4399 - 4405 2011年07月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The effects of the Oryza sativa calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase OsCCaMK genotype (dominant homozygous [D], heterozygous [H], recessive homozygous [R]) on rice root-associated bacteria, including endophytes and epiphytes, were examined by using a Tos17 rice mutant line under paddy and upland field conditions. Roots were sampled at the flowering stage and were subjected to clone library analyses. The relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria was noticeably decreased in R plants under both paddy and upland conditions (0.8% and 3.0%, respectively) relative to those in D plants (10.3% and 17.4%, respectively). Population shifts of the Sphingomonadales and Rhizobiales were mainly responsible for this low abundance in R plants. The abundance of Anaerolineae (Chloroflexi) and Clostridia (Firmicutes) was increased in R plants under paddy conditions. The abundance of a subpopulation of Actinobacteria (Saccharothrix spp. and unclassified Actinosynnemataceae) was increased in R plants under upland conditions. Principal coordinate analysis revealed unidirectional community shifts in relation to OsCCaMK gene dosage under both conditions. In addition, shoot length, tiller number, and plant weight decreased as the OsCCaMK gene dosage decreased under upland conditions. These results suggest significant impacts of OsCCaMK on both the diversity of root-associated bacteria and rice plant growth under both paddy and upland field conditions.
  • Seishi Ikeda, Mizue Anda, Shoko Inaba, Shima Eda, Shusei Sato, Kazuhiro Sasaki, Satoshi Tabata, Hisayuki Mitsui, Tadashi Sato, Takuro Shinano, Kiwamu Minamisawa
    APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 77 6 1973 - 1980 2011年03月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The diversities leaf-associated bacteria on nonnodulated (Nod(-)), wild-type nodulated (Nod(+)), and hypernodulated (Nod(+) (+)) soybeans were evaluated by clone library analyses of the 16S rRNA gene. To analyze the impact of nitrogen fertilization on the bacterial leaf community, soybeans were treated with standard nitrogen (SN) (15 kg N ha(-1)) or heavy nitrogen (HN) (615 kg N ha(-1)) fertilization. Under SN fertilization, the relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria was significantly higher in Nod(-) and Nod(+) (+) soybeans (82% to 96%) than in Nod(+) soybeans (54%). The community structure of leaf-associated bacteria in Nod(+) soybeans was almost unaffected by the levels of nitrogen fertilization. However, differences were visible in Nod(-) and Nod(+) (+) soybeans. HN fertilization drastically decreased the relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria in Nod(-) and Nod(+) (+) soybeans (46% to 76%) and, conversely, increased those of Gammaproteobacteria and Firmicutes in these mutant soybeans. In the Alphaproteobacteria, cluster analyses identified two operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (Aurantimonas sp. and Methylobacterium sp.) that were especially sensitive to nodulation phenotypes under SN fertilization and to nitrogen fertilization levels. Arbuscular mycorrhizal infection was not observed on the root tissues examined, presumably due to the rotation of paddy and upland fields. These results suggest that a subpopulation of leaf-associated bacteria in wild-type Nod(+) soybeans is controlled in similar ways through the systemic regulation of autoregulation of nodulation, which interferes with the impacts of N levels on the bacterial community of soybean leaves.
  • T. Shinano, S. Komatsu, T. Yoshimura, S. Tokutake, F. -J. Kong, T. Watanabe, J. Wasaki, M. Osaki
    PHYTOCHEMISTRY 72 4-5 312 - 320 2011年03月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Plants are known to secrete a variety of compounds into the rhizosphere. These compounds are thought to play important roles in the regulation of soil chemical properties and soil microorganisms. To determine the composition of proteins secreted from rice roots, aseptic hydro culture was performed, and the collected proteins were analyzed. Over 100 proteins were identified; most were identified using the rice database (RAP-DB), and about 60% of the identified proteins were suspected to have a signal peptide. Functional categorization suggested that most were secondary metabolism-and defense-related proteins. Pathogenesis-and stress-related proteins were the major proteins found in the bathing solution under aseptic conditions. Thus, we propose that rice plants constitutively secrete a large variety of proteins to protect their roots against abiotic and/or biotic stresses in the environment. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • Masahito Nanamori, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Makoto Kihara, Kazumitsu Kawahara, Shinji Yamada, Mitsuru Osaki
    JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 91 1 85 - 93 2011年01月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    BACKGROUND: Changes in saccharide, amino acid and S-methylmethionine (SMM) concentrations and enzyme activities during the malting of barley grown with different nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) supplementation were investigated in order to clarify their relationship with N and S fertiliser levels. RESULTS: Concentrations of N and S in barley grain were significantly increased by the addition of N to the culture soil. Application of N decreased the starch concentration in grain. On the other hand, higher N fertilisation increased the beta-glucan concentration in grain and malt, thus decreasing the accessibility of beta-glucanase to its substrates. Proteolytic enzyme activity was significantly higher in the absence (-N treatment) than in the presence (+N treatment) of N fertiliser, making the concentration of the majority of amino acids in malt slightly higher in the -N treatment. SMM was synthesised in grain after imbibition, and application of N increased the SMM content in malt. CONCLUSION: Although SMM can be controlled to a certain extent during kilning, a balanced supply of N and S during cultivation can also be helpful for the production of malt with lower SMM concentration. Adequate soil management is desirable to maintain the balance between good agronomic performance and high malt quality. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
  • Yuki Sakai, Toshihiro Watanabe, Jun Wasaki, Takeshi Senoura, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki
    ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 158 12 3663 - 3669 2010年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The roles of low-molecular-weight thiols (LMWTs), such as glutathione and phytochelatins, in arsenic (As) tolerance and hyperaccumulation in Pteris vittata an As-hyperaccumulator fern remain to be better understood. This study aimed to thoroughly characterize LMWT synthesis in P. vittata to understand the roles played by LMWTs in As tolerance and hyperaccumulation. LMWT synthesis in P. vittata was induced directly by As, and not by As-mediated oxidative stress. Expression of PvECS2. one of the putative genes of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma ECS), increases in P. vittata shoots at 48 h after the onset of As exposure, almost corresponding to the increase in the concentrations of gamma-glutamylcysteine and glutathione. Furthermore, localization of As showed similar trends to those of LMWTs in fronds at both whole-frond and cellular levels. This study thus indicates the specific contribution of LMWTs to As tolerance in P. vittata. gamma ECS may be responsible for the As-induced enhancement of LMWT synthesis. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • Atsuya Sato, Toshihiro Watanabe, Yusuke Unno, Erry Purnomo, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano
    MICROBES AND ENVIRONMENTS 24 2 81 - 87 2009年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The diversity of diazotrophic bacteria in the rhizosphere of Melastoma malabathricum L. was investigated by cloning-sequencing of the nifH gene directly amplified from DNA extracted from soil. Samples were obtained from the rhizosphere and bulk soil of M. malabathricum growing in three different soil types (acid sulfate, peat and sandy clay soils) located very close to each other in south Kalimantan, Indonesia. Six clone libraries were constructed, generated from bulk and rhizosphere soil samples, and 300 nifH clones were produced, then assembled into 29 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on percent identity values. Our results suggested that nifH gene diversity is mainly dependent on soil properties, and did not differ remarkably between the rhizosphere and bulk soil of M. malabathricum except in acid sulfate soil. In acid sulfate soil, as the Shannon diversity index was lower in rhizosphere than in bulk soil, it is suggested that particular bacterial species might accumulate in the rhizosphere.
  • Zheng Chen, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Keiki Okazaki, Mitsuru Osaki
    NEW PHYTOLOGIST 181 4 795 - 801 2009年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Legumes are second only to cereals in their importance to humans, and study of their functional genomics of nutrition and other trace elements is crucial for agricultural production and food fortification. We describe here an ionomic screening experiment carried out to investigate the accumulation of 15 elements in shoots of mutants of Lotus japonicus, a good genetic tool for legume study. Approximately 2000 mutagenized M2 plants were cultivated in a novel low-cost high-throughput system and their elemental profiles were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). After triple-checking the element concentrations in M2 or M3 plant shoots, 31 mutants with altered elemental profiles were identified. Surprisingly, the number of genes regulating essential elements was similar to the number regulating nonessential elements. Magnesium (Mg) and nickel (Ni) were correlated in a number of mutants. Further investigation suggested that phosphorus (P) and cobalt (Co) might be involved in the ion homeostasis network of Mg and Ni. The results suggested that the pathways for element uptake or translocation were highly linked through the ion transport-related genes. Ionomics proved to be a powerful functional genomics tool for determining genes related to ion homeostasis in this study. New Phytologist (2009) 181: 795-801doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02730.x.
  • Taishi Umezawa, Tetsuya Sakurai, Yasushi Totoki, Atsushi Toyoda, Motoaki Seki, Atsushi Ishiwata, Kenji Akiyama, Atsushi Kurotani, Takuhiro Yoshida, Keiichi Mochida, Mie Kasuga, Daisuke Todaka, Kyonoshin Maruyama, Kazuo Nakashima, Akiko Enju, Saho Mizukado, Selina Ahmed, Kyoko Yoshiwara, Kyuya Harada, Yasutaka Tsubokura, Masaki Hayashi, Shusei Sato, Toyoaki Anai, Masao Ishimoto, Hideyuki Funatsuki, Masayoshi Teraishi, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano, Ryo Akashi, Yoshiyuki Sakaki, Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, Kazuo Shinozaki
    DNA RESEARCH 15 6 333 - 346 2008年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    A large collection of full-length cDNAs is essential for the correct annotation of genomic sequences and for the functional analysis of genes and their products. We obtained a total of 39 936 soybean cDNA clones (GMFL01 and GMFL02 clone sets) in a full-length-enriched cDNA library which was constructed from soybean plants that were grown under various developmental and environmental conditions. Sequencing from 5' and 3' ends of the clones generated 68 661 expressed sequence tags (ESTs). The EST sequences were clustered into 22 674 scaffolds involving 2580 full-length sequences. In addition, we sequenced 4712 full-length cDNAs. After removing overlaps, we obtained 6570 new full-length sequences of soybean cDNAs so far. Our data indicated that 87.7% of the soybean cDNA clones contain complete coding sequences in addition to 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions. All of the obtained data confirmed that our collection of soybean full-length cDNAs covers a wide variety of genes. Comparative analysis between the derived sequences from soybean and Arabidopsis, rice or other legumes data revealed that some specific genes were involved in our collection and a large art of them could be annotated to unknown functions. A large set of soybean full-length cDNA clones reported in this study will serve as a useful resource for gene discovery from soybean and will also aid a precise annotation of the soybean genome.
  • Keiki Okazaki, Norikuni Oka, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki, Masako Takebe
    PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 49 2 170 - 177 2008年02月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The nitrogen (N) status of a plant determines the composition of its major components (amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates and organic acids) and, directly or indirectly, affects the quality of agricultural products in terms of their calorific value and taste. Although these effects are guided by changes in metabolic pathways, no overall metabolic analysis has previously been conducted to demonstrate such effects. Here, metabolite profiling using gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to evaluate the effect of N levels on spinach tissue, comparing two cultivars that differed in their ability to use N. Wide variation in N content was observed without any distinct inhibition of growth in either cultivar. Principal component analysis (PCA) and self-organizing mapping (SOM) were undertaken to describe changes in the metabolites of mature spinach leaves. In PCA, the first component accounted for 44.5% of the total variance, the scores of which was positively correlated with the plants N content, and a close relationship between metabolite profiles and N status was observed. Both PCA and SOM revealed that metabolites could be broadly divided into two types, correlating either positively or negatively with plant N content. The simple and co-coordinated metabolic stream, containing both general and spinach-specific aspects of plant N content, will be useful in future research on such topics as the detection of environmental effects on spinach through comprehensive metabolic profiling.
  • Idupulapati Rao, Peter Wenzl, Adriana Arango, John Miles, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki, Tadao Wagatsuma, Germ?n Manrique, Stephen Beebe, Joe Tohme, Manabu Ishitani, Andr?s Rangel, Walter Horst
    Current Agricultural Science and Technology 14 4 1 - 7 2008年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Noureddine Benkeblia, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki
    Metabolomics 3 3 297 - 305 2007年09月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    In the present study, non-aqueous fractionation (NAQF) and GC-MS were used to obtain a spatially resolved view of metabolism in mature leaves of soybean (Glycine max Merr.). NAQF of lyophilized soybean leaves was performed using CCl4-n-heptane and ultracentrifugation that yielded a gradient comprised of six fractions. Chlorophyll content, and marker enzyme activities, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and α-mannosidase, were utilized as stroma, cytosol and vacuole markers, respectively. GC-MS analyses of each fraction resulted in the identification of around 100 different metabolites. The distribution of these identified compounds showed a decreasing order from the vacuole to cytosol to chloroplast stroma. In other words, a greater number of identified compounds were found in the vacuole when compared to the cytosol or stroma. Levels of sugars, organic acids and fatty acids showed greater relative abundances in the vacuole with 50, 55, and 50% of the respective pools. A greater relative abundance of amino acids was observed in the cytosol where 45% of the total of amino acids content was recorded. The relatively large pool of sugars and phenolic acids in the vacuole compartment implies high levels of starch metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The low amino acids pool, on the other hand, suggests low nitrogen accumulation in the leaves of soybean. Hierarchical cluster analysis on the most abundant metabolites revealed three clusters containing 10, 20, and 2 of the 32 selected metabolites. The data were discussed in term of NAQF and GC-MS analysis of soybean mature leaves, and also in term of distribution and compartmentation of metabolites at subcellular levels. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007.
  • Takuro Shinano, Takuya Yamamoto, Keitaro Tawaraya, Masaru Tadokoro, Takayoshi Koike, Mitsuru Osaki
    TREE PHYSIOLOGY 27 1 97 - 104 2007年01月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We evaluated the response of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi Sieb. & Zucc.) to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) (689 +/- 75 ppm in 2002 and 697 +/- 90 ppm in 2003) over 2 years in a field experiment with open-top charnbers. Root activity was assessed as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake rates estimated from Successive measurements of absorbed amounts. Dry matter production of whole plants was unaffected by elevated [CO2] in the first year of treatment, but increased significantly in response to elevated [CO2] in the second year. In contrast, elevated [CO2] increased the root to shoot ratio and fine root dry mass in the first year, but not in the second year. Elevated [CO2] had no effect on tissue N, P and K concentrations. Uptake rates of N, P and K correlated with whole-plant relative growth rates, but were unaffected by growth [CO2], as was ectomycorrhizal colonization, a factor assumed to be important for nutrient uptake in trees. We conclude that improved growth of Larix kaempferi in response to elevated [CO2] is accompanied by increased root biomass, but not by increased root activity.
  • Katsumasa Suzuki, Shunji Tokutake, Mizue Anda, Keiki Okazaki, Masako Takebe, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki
    PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 48 S68 - S68 2007年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Keiki Okazaki, Norikuni Oka, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki, Masako Takebe
    PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 48 S258 - S258 2007年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Tonto Nishiyama, Sang Ja Choi, Takuro Shinano, Hiroyuki Koyama, Susumu Ito, Jun Wasaki, Mitsuru Osaki
    PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 48 S30 - S30 2007年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Hayato Maruyama, Miho Tanaka, Takuya Yamamura, Takuro Shinano, Susumu Ito, Jun Wasaki, Mitsufu Osaki
    PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 48 S30 - S30 2007年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Y Unno, K Okubo, J Wasaki, T Shinano, M Osaki
    ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 7 3 396 - 404 2005年03月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    In the rhizosphere, phosphorus (P) levels are low because of P uptake into the roots. Rhizobacteria live on carbon (C) exuded from roots, and may contribute to plant nutrition by liberating P from organic compounds such as phytates. We isolated over 300 phytate (Na-inositol hexa-phosphate; Na-IHP)-utilizing bacterial strains from the rhizosheath and the rhizoplane of Lupinus albus (L.). Almost all of the isolates were classified as Burkholderia based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Rhizosheath isolates cultured with Na-IHP as the only source of C and P showed lower P uptake at the same extracellular phytase activity than rhizoplane strains, suggesting that bacteria from the rhizosheath utilized phytate as a C source. Many isolates also utilized insoluble phytate (Al-IHP and/or Fe-IHP). In co-culture with Lotus japonicus seedlings, some isolates promoted plant growth significantly.
  • T. Shinano, Z. Taigen, T. Yamamura, Y. Meng, W. Lu, H. Tan
    TROPICAL AGRICULTURE 81 4 204 - 210 2004年10月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    A village was selected in a basin within the karst mountain area in south-western China, with the aim of increasing the productivity of maize and highlighting the problem(s) of the farming system. The rock of the Karst Mountains surrounding the village is composed of dolomite, and thus, the soil contains a large amount of Ca and Mg and a relatively small amount of K. The cropping land was separated into flat and sloping areas and slopes up to 25 degrees were utilized for the production of maize, because of population pressure. In the sloping areas, the available P content was very poor compared with the flat area where a large amount of available P was observed from the top layer to a depth of 70 cm. Although the soil was poor in P and (or) K, farmers only applied manure and N in the form of ammonium carbonate [(NH4)(2)CO3]. The amount of N applied by the farmers as manure was normally 100-200 kg N ha(-1) and (NH4)(2)CO3 was applied at the rate of 60.5 kg N ha(-1) twice during the growing season (150 days). This caused about 50-70% of the applied N to be left in the field. An increase in productivity and N use efficiency was achieved by using a chemical K fertilizer in the flat areas. It is proposed that there is a need to reduce the amount of manure and (NH4)(2)CO3 used in this area and that the proper application of K in flat areas and P and K in sloping areas could improve the productivity of maize and N use efficiency of applied manure.
  • A Hamada, K Yamaguchi, M Harada, S Nikumaru, J Wasaki, T Shinano, H Matsui, M Osaki, H Honda
    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 68 7 1611 - 1616 2004年07月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The acid phosphatase gene from lupin was expressed in transgenic rice plants under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter or rice chlorophyll a/b binding protein (Cab) promoter. Transgenic rice leaves exhibited up to an 18-fold increase in phytate-hydrolyzing activity. Based on the phytate-hydrolyzing activity at pH 5.5, more than 85% this activity was retained after heat-treatment at 80degreesC for 15min, and the heterologous enzyme in leaf sections and leaf extracts was relatively stable during storage. A distinct increase in released phosphate was observed when the heterologous enzyme was mixed with the feed extract. These results suggest that the heterologous enzyme in rice plants may maintain its desired characteristics as a phytate-hydrolyzing enzyme when added to animal feed.
  • K. Nozaki, T. Nuyim, T. Shinano, S. Hamada, H. Ito, H. Matsui, M. Osaki
    Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 59 3 85 - 92 2004年07月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We investigated the relationships between starch concentrations and activities of starch synthetic enzymes in sago palms (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) under acid sulfate and mineral soil conditions. Plants grown naturally that had reached their maturated stage were sampled. We found that the growth in acid sulfate soil is lower than that in mineral soil and that starch granules were larger and there was more amylase activity in acid sulfate soil than in mineral soil. Lower amylase activity in mineral soil could eliminate the degradation of starch, making the smaller granules suitable for storing large amounts of starch in a limited space inside cells.
  • M Nanamori, T Shinano, J Wasaki, T Yamamura, IM Rao, M Osaki
    PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 45 4 460 - 469 2004年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato is well adapted to low-fertility acid soils deficient in phosphorus (P). To study the grassy forage's mechanisms for tolerating low P supply, we compared it with rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Kitaake). We tested by using nutrient solution cultures, and quantified the effects of P deficiency on the enzymatic activities of phosphohydrolases and on carbon metabolism in P-deficient leaves. While P deficiency markedly induced activity of phosphohydrolases in both crops, the ratio of inorganic phosphorus to total P in leaves was greater in Brachiaria hybrid. Phosphorus deficiency in leaves also markedly influenced the partitioning of carbon in both crops. In the Brachiaria hybrid, compared with rice, the smaller proportion of (14)C partitioned into sugars and the larger proportion into amino acids and organic acids in leaves coincided with decreased levels of sucrose and starch. Hence, in P-deficient leaves of the Brachiaria hybrid, triose-P was metabolized into amino acids or organic acids. Results thus indicate that the Brachiaria hybrid, compared with rice, tolerates low P supply to leaves by enhancing sugar catabolism and by inducing the activity of several phosphohydrolases. This apparently causes rapid P turnover and enables the Brachiaria hybrid to use P more efficiently.
  • Y Unno, T Shinano, J Wasaki, M Osaki
    BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES AND MIGRATION 157 - 160 2004年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Long-term experimental fields (having either no nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium fertilizer or with complete application of N, P, and K fertilizers since 1914) were used for the investigation of bacterial habitat distribution in the rhizosphere. From the rhizosphere of Lupinus albus L., we screened rhizobacteria by their utilization ability of phytate as sole carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) source. Though almost all of the isolates were identified as Burkholderia genus, there was a wide variation in their phosphate utilization. By comparing isolates from rhizosphere soil and isolates from the rhizoplane, those isolates from the latter exhibit higher inorganic phosphate uptake ability when compared at the same extracellular phytase level. We propose that phytate-utilizing bacteria may adapt and segregate from their habitat along a spatial gradient of C and P availability in the rhizosphere. That is, rhizobacteria, which live very close to the rhizoplane, utilize phytate mainly as a P source rather than as a C source, because a large amount of C is provided from roots, whereas this may not be true for P. On the other hand, rhizosphere bacteria that live in a remote area from roots utilize phytate as a C source rather than as a P source, because the lack of available C may restrict the growth of bacteria.
  • M Osaki, T Watanabe, T Ishizawa, C Nilnond, T Nuyim, T Shinano, M Urayama, SJ Tuah
    PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION 58 2 93 - 115 2003年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Acid sulfate, peat, sandy podzolic, and saline soils are widely distributed in the lowlands of Thailand and Malaysia. The nutrient concentrations in the leaves of plants grown in these type of soils were studied with the aim of developing a nutritional strategy for adapting to such problem soils. In sago and oil palms that were well-adapted to peat soil, the N, P, and K concentrations were the same in the mature leaves, while the Ca, Mg, Na, and Fe concentrations were higher in the mature leaves of the oil palm than of the sago palm. Melastoma malabathricum and Melaleuca cajuputi plants that were well-adapted to low pH soils, peat, and acid sulfate soils were also studied. It was observed that a high amount of Al accumulated in the M. marabathricum leaves, while Al did not accumulate in M. cajuputi leaves. M. cajuputi plants accumulated large amounts of Na in their leaves or stems regardless of the exchangeable Na concentration in the soil, while M. malabathricum that was growing in saline-affected soils excluded Na. Positive relationships between macronutrients were recognized between P and N, between K and N, and between P and K. Al showed antagonistic relationships with P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Na. Na also showed antagonistic relationships with P, K, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Al. Fe showed weak antagonistic relationships with Zn, Mn, Cu, and Al.
  • J Wasaki, R Yonetani, S Kuroda, T Shinano, J Yazaki, F Fujii, K Shinbo, K Yamamoto, K Sakata, T Sasaki, N Kishimoto, S Kikuchi, M Osaki
    PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 43 S238 - S238 2002年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • M Osaki, T Shinano
    REDESIGNING RICE PHOTOSYNTHESIS TO INCREASE YIELD 7 177 - 192 2000年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    A root-shoot interaction model is proposed to explain the high productivity of high-yielding varieties of several crops, based on high-yielding trials. In the high-yielding varieties, nitrogen is always actively absorbed during the vigorous sink organ-filling stage (maturation or the ripening stage of growth), Thus, photosynthetic rate (dry matter increase) and root activity (nutrient absorption) remained constant during maturation in high-yielding varieties because a high photosynthetic rate maintains a high root activity by supplying a sufficient amount of photosynthate to the roots, a phenomenon referred to as root-shoot interaction for high productivity. On the other hand, in the varieties with standard yield, hereafter referred to as standard or old or low-yielding varieties, the photosynthetic rate decreased, followed by a decrease in root activity because of the reduced carbohydrate supply; nitrogen incorporated into leaves and stems before maturation was retranslocated during maturation. Two carbon-nitrogen (C-N) interaction models are developed. One is DMt = DM0 exp (CNI x N-t) for cereals and the other is DMt = DM0 + CNI ' x N-t for legumes, where DMt is the dry weight of a plant at a given time, N-t is the amount of N accumulated in the plant at a given time, DM, is the initial dry weight, and CNI and CNI ' are the C-N indices. Moreover, the productivity per unit amount of N accumulated in legumes is quite low compared with that in cereals during the vegetative growth stage. This is caused by the low growth efficiencies [accumulated dry matter/(accumulated dry matter + respiration)] of whole plants regardless of nitrogen concentration, indicating that the concept of growth and maintenance respiration is not valid. The fate of photosynthesized (CO2)-C-14 was quite different between rice and soybean. In soybean, a large amount of photosynthesized (CO2)-C-14 is respired in the light compared with that in the dark, but in rice the amount of C-14 retained in the leaves is similar regardless of light conditions. This high respiratory loss of current photosynthate in soybean in the light can be explained partly by the high rate of photorespiration in the leaves. A large portion of photosynthetically fixed (CO2)-C-14 in soybean in the light was distributed into organic acids, amino acids, and protein compared with that in rice, where metabolism of newly fixed carbon is mainly regulated by the activity of sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) and especially phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC). Thus, it is assumed that the carbon-nitrogen balance of the whole plant is regulated by (1) whether current photosynthate distributes into the tricarboxylic acid cycle or sucrose metabolism in the light, which is regulated by PEPC or SPS, respectively, and (2) whether photorespiratory activity is high or not. This information will help to improve crop productivity through regulation of carbon-nitrogen metabolism. The distribution of (CO2)-C-14 to chemical compounds was studied in transgenic rice plants that showed high expression of the maize PEPC gene. The C/N ratio decreased in transgenic plants compared with controls because of high C-14 distribution to organic acids. As the transgenic plant could exude much organic acid from the roots, this plant showed aluminum tolerance for high aluminum in solution.
  • J Wasaki, M Omura, M Osaki, H Ito, H Matsui, T Shinano, T Tadano
    SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 45 2 439 - 449 1999年06月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We have isolated a cDNA clone, named LASAP1, for an acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2; APase) from a cDNA library constructed from mRNA in phosphate-deficient lupin (Lupinus albus L. cv. Kievskij) roots. LASAP1 was 2,187 bp in length including a single open reading frame of 1,914 nucleotides that encodes 638 amino acid residues containing a putative signal sequence of 31 amino acids. The polypeptide encoded by LASAP1 was highly hydrophilic, while the putative signal peptide was highly hydrophobic. It was predicted that the peptide had a high affinity to the plasma membrane. The deduced amino acid sequence shared a high homology with that of purple APases from germinated seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris and those secreted from Arabidopsis thaliana. Seven amino acids composing the active center of the Phaseolus vulgaris purple APase were conserved in all the homologous APases. Northern blot analysis revealed that the corresponding mRNA accumulated in both shoots and roots under phosphate deficient conditions, and that the amount of transcript in the roots was much larger than that in the shoots. These results suggest that APase encoded by LASAP1 cDNA is expressed predominantly in the roots.
  • T Nakamura, M Osaki, T Shinano, T Tadano
    SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 43 4 777 - 788 1997年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    (CO2)-C-14 was assimilated during 10 min in leaf of rice and soybean under 21 kPa O-2 (21% O-2 treatment) and 2 kPa O-2 (2% O-2 treatment) at the vegetative growth stage and flowering stage. The C-14 distribution ratio to respired CO2 and crude chemical components (sugars, polysaccharides, amino acids, organic acids, and proteins) was determined. In this paper, since emphasis was placed on the C-14 distribution mechanism to carbon compounds and nitrogen compounds, the terms carbon metabolism pool (C-pool) composed of sugars and polysaccharides, and nitrogen metabolism pool (N-pool) composed of organic acids, amino acids and proteins were used. The results obtained were as follows. C-14 distribution ratio to N-pool at 0 min after C-14 assimilation was higher in soybean than in rice regardless of the treatments and stages, and that at 30 min after C-14 assimilation under light condition markedly decreased both in rice and soybean. Therefore, especially in soybean, a large amount of photosynthesized C-14 was once distributed to the N-pool, then C-14 compounds in the N-pool were reconstructed into the C-pool. During this reconstruction process, C-14 compounds in the N-pool were actively respired. C-14 distribution to N-pool at 0 min after C-14 assimilation changed slightly or did not change by the N treatment. C-14 distribution to N-pool in the -N treatment of soybean (13-29 mg N g(-1) content in leaves) was higher than that in the +N treatment of rice (31-48 mg N g(-1) content in leaves). Photosynthesized carbon distribution to N-pool in rice decreased with growth, while it remained constant in soybean. Accordingly, in soybean, photosynthesized carbon was predominantly distributed to the N-pool through photorespiration and/or Calvin cycle (supplying triose-P), which was less affected by nitrogen nutrient and aging. Thus, the mechanism of photosynthesized carbon distribution to carbon and nitrogen compounds was basically regulated by inherited characters of each plant more than by the nitrogen status of leaves. By the 2% 0, treatment, C-14 distribution to N-pool decreased in both crops regardless of N treatment, indicating that photorespiration plays an important role in the supply of the preliminarily photosynthesized carbon compounds to N-pool. In the 2% O-2 treatment, C-14 distribution to N-pool was higher in soybean than in rice, indicating that triose-P transported from chloroplast was preferentially distributed to N-pool in the case of soybean.
  • M OSAKI, T SHINANO, M MATSUMOTO, J USHIKI, MM SHINANO, M URAYAMA, T TADANO
    SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 41 4 635 - 647 1995年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    ''Standard yield variety'' and ''high-yielding variety'' of rice, winter wheat, maize, soybean, potato, beet, and sunflower were grown, and the relationship between root growth and absorption of nitrogen was studied. To estimate the role of root in nitrogen absorption, nitrogen absorption rate (Delta N, g N m(-2) d(-1)) was parameterized into root dry weight (RW, g m(-2)) and specific absorption rate of nitrogen per root dry weight (SAR(N), Delta N RW(-1)). 1) Since during the vegetative growth stage, the correlation between Delta N and crop growth rate (CGR) was high, Delta N was under the control of shoot demand for nitrogen, while during the early maturing stage, Delta N was well correlated with SAR(N) except for sunflower. Thus, Delta N at the vegetative growth stage was regulated by shoot growth (CGR), which was related to RW sometimes. Thereafter, Delta N was regulated by SAR(N) with the progression of growth 2) Based on the cluster analysis of SAR(N) or RW for Delta N, and correlation between Delta N and SAR(N) or RW, crops were classified into three groups: group (I), soybean, potato, and beet; group (II), rice, winter wheat, and maize; and group (III), sunflower. During the early maturating stage, Delta N of group (I) was regulated by mainly SAR(N), Delta N of group (II) was regulated by both SAR(N) and RW, and Delta N of group (III) was regulated mainly by RW. 3) SAR(N) remained high during the early maturation stage in the ''high-yielding variety'' of crops.
  • M OSAKI, J SHIRAI, T SHINANO, T TADANO
    SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 41 4 699 - 708 1995年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Effect of NH4+ and NO3- on N-15-allocation to organs and nitrogenous compounds in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) was examined in hydroponic culture using an automatic pH control system, and the results obtained were as follows. 1) Growth of upper leaves was stimulated by NH4+ because (NH4)-N-15-N was preferentially distributed into upper leaves compared to (NO3)-N-15-N which was mainly distributed to lower leaves. 2) At the vegetative growth stage, (NH4)-N-15-N and (NO3)-N-15-N distribution among organs was almost similar except for roots, whereas at the tuber swelling stage, (NH4)-N-15-N was distributed to stems and roots, and (NO3)-N-15-N was distributed to leaves. 3) N-15 amino acid metabolism was affected by NH4+ or NO3-, for example, in leaves grown in (NH4)-N-15-N, the contents of aspartic acid and asparagine (Asx) increased with growth, while those of glutamic acid and glutamine (Glx) decreased with growth. In leaves grown in (NO3)-N-15-N, the Asx content remained constant, but the Glx content increased with growth. In tubers, (NH4)-N-15-N was distributed to Asx at first, but (NO3)-N-15-N was distributed to Glx. Thus, the metabolism and translocation pattern of Asx and Glx were quite different depending on the nitrogen forms.
  • M OSAKI, J SHIRAI, T SHINANO, T TADANO
    SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 41 4 709 - 719 1995年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Effect of NH4-N and NO3-N on plant growth and tuber smelling of potato plant (Solanum tuberosum L.) was examined, and the results obtained were as follows. 1) NH4-N stimulated tuber swelling, while NO3-N stimulated the branching of stolons and stems, and shoot growth. 2) In plants grown with NH4-N, a large amount of (NH4)-N-15-N was mainly partitioned into tubers and stems, whereas in plants grown with NO3-N, (NO3)-N-15-N was mainly partitioned into leaves, especially into the insoluble fraction. 3) Aspartic acid plus asparagine (Asx) in tubers predominated among amino acids and amides when the plants were grown with NH4-N. Also (NH4)-N-15-N was incorporated into Asx in tubers, while, (NO3)-N-15-N was presumably transported to tubers in the form of Asx, which subsequently was actively metabolized into other amino acids in tubers. Thus, as the nitrogen form of NH4+ appeared to stimulate the Asx metabolism, Asx was transported to tubers, and mainly stored in tubers. On the other hand, the nitrogen form of NO3- was mainly transported into leaves, and NO3-N promoted vegetative growth.
  • T SHINANO, M OSAKI, T TADANO
    PLANT NUTRITION - FROM GENETIC ENGINEERING TO FIELD PRACTICE 45 227 - 230 1993年 [査読有り][通常論文]

MISC

  • 村島和基, 丸山隼人, 渡部敏裕, 大津厳生, 草野都, 杉山暁史, 小林奈通子, 濱本昌一郎, 福島敦史, 大熊直生, 藤原風輝, 藤原風輝, 二瓶直登, 市橋泰範, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 69 2023年
  • 荒川竜太, 村島和基, 丸山隼人, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎 園芸学研究 別冊 22 (1) 2023年
  • 石井 玲, 丸山 隼人, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 久保 堅司 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 254 12 -12 2022年09月18日
  • 後藤 逸男, 柳原 哲司, 岡崎 圭毅, 万福 裕造, 八戸 真弓, 小山 良太, 当真 要, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 93 (2) 83 -88 2022年04月05日
  • 塚田 祥文, 高田 裕介, 前島 勇治, 神山 和則, 齋藤 隆, 山口 紀子, 中尾 淳, 藤村 恵人, 二瓶 直登, 古川 純, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 93 (1) 46 -61 2022年02月05日
  • 丸山 隼人, 菅 あやね, 浅枝 諭史, 久保 堅司, 古川 純, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎 アイソトープ・放射線研究発表会 2 126 2022年
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  • 根本 知明, 齋藤 隆, 浅枝 諭史, 信濃 卓郎, 丸山 隼人 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 67 127 -127 2021年09月03日
  • 池田 未来, 中尾 淳, 藤村 恵人, 信濃 卓郎, 矢内 純太 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 67 90 -90 2021年09月03日
  • 永山 航平, 菅井 徹人, 佐藤 匠, 熊石 紀恵, 市橋 泰範, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 丸山 隼人 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 67 44 -44 2021年09月03日
  • 青山 奈央, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 丸山 隼人 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 67 44 -44 2021年09月03日
  • 菅あやね, 丸山隼人, 和崎淳, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 67 2021年
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  • 青山奈央, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎, 丸山隼人 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 67 2021年
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  • 荒川竜太, 村島和基, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎, 丸山隼人 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 67 2021年
  • 鳥山星呂, 荒川竜太, 村島和基, 丸山隼人, 信濃卓郎, 渡部敏裕 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 67 2021年
  • 根本知明, 齋藤隆, 浅枝諭史, 信濃卓郎, 丸山隼人 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 67 2021年
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  • 丸山隼人, 根本知明, 浅枝諭史, 齋藤隆, 八代沙絵子, 八戸真弓, 久保堅司, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 67 2021年
  • 村島和基, 荒川竜太, 丸山隼人, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 67 2021年
  • 信濃 卓郎 グリーンテクノ情報 16 (3) 2 -5 2020年12月
  • 久保堅司, 小林浩幸, 新田みゆき, 竹中祥太朗, 那須田周平, 藤村恵人, 高木恭子, 永田修, 太田健, 信濃卓郎 農研機構東北農業研究センター成果情報(Web) 2020 2020年
  • 久保堅司, 小林浩幸, 新田みゆき, 竹中祥太朗, 那須田周平, 藤村恵人, 高木恭子, 永田修, 太田健, 信濃卓郎 東北農業研究成果情報(Web) 2020 2020年
  • 信濃卓郎, 和田敏裕 RADIOISOTOPES (Web) 69 (1) 2020年
  • 岡崎圭毅, 久保堅司, 秋葉秀一郎, 小林大輔, 三潴忠道, 信濃卓郎, 常田岳志, 常田岳志, 中島泰弘, 中島泰弘, 田中福代, 大脇良成 園芸学研究 別冊 19 (1) 2020年
  • 青山奈央, 森田洸介, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎, 丸山隼人 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 66 2020年
  • 坂口文香, 吉井健祐, 丸山隼人, 佐々木孝行, 西田翔, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 渡部敏裕 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 66 2020年
  • 小濱諒太, 合田健登, 合田健登, 丸山隼人, 菅井徹人, 信濃卓郎, 渡部敏裕 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 66 2020年
  • 藤原久貴, 丸山隼人, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 渡部敏裕 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 66 2020年
  • 久保堅司, 藤村恵人, YI Amelia Lee Zhi, YI Amelia Lee Zhi, 永田修, 太田健, 太田健, 信濃卓郎, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 66 2020年
  • 藤本久恵, 高雄惇英, 丸山隼人, 俵谷圭太郎, 信濃卓郎, 渡部敏裕 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 66 2020年
  • 菅井徹人, 丸山隼人, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 66 2020年
  • 久保堅司, 小林浩幸, 小林浩幸, 新田みゆき, 竹中祥太朗, 竹中祥太朗, 那須田周平, 藤村恵人, 高木恭子, 永田修, 太田健, 太田健, 信濃卓郎, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 66 2020年
  • 小濱諒太, 合田健登, 合田健登, 丸山隼人, 菅井徹人, 信濃卓郎, 渡部敏裕 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 66 2020年
  • 伊東和輝, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎, 丸山隼人 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 66 2020年
  • 浅尾真結子, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎, 丸山隼人 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 66 2020年
  • 信濃 卓郎, 和田 敏裕 ＲＡＤＩＯＩＳＯＴＯＰＥＳ 69 (1) 31 -42 2020年 

    東京電力福島第一原発事故に由来する福島県を中心とした農地，陸水域及び海域の放射性セシウム汚染から8年が経過し，これまでの取組と現状，今後の対策についてまとめた。農業現場では放射性セシウムの移行抑制対策として長期的な土壌のカリウムの適切な管理が求められる。水産現場では，海面・内水面漁業ともに放射能汚染に起因する様々な課題を抱えており，今後，中長期的視点に基づく漁業活動の再生や復興支援が重要となる。

  • 久保 堅司, 齋藤 隆, 三本菅 猛, 藤本 竜輔, 信濃 卓郎, 永田 修 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 249 145 -145 2020年
  • 藤村 恵人, 石川 淳子, 新妻 和敏, 若林 正吉, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 91 (4) 237 -244 2020年
  • 久保 堅司, 信濃 卓郎, 小林 浩幸, 新田 みゆき, 竹中 祥太朗, 那須田 周平, 藤村 恵人, 髙木 恭子, 永田 修, 太田 健 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 66 120 -120 2020年
  • 久保 堅司, 藤村 恵人, Lee Zhi Yi Amelia, 永田 修, 太田 健, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 66 208 -208 2020年
  • 菅井 徹人, 丸山 隼人, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 66 197 -197 2020年
  • 藤本 久恵, 高雄 惇英, 丸山 隼人, 俵谷 圭太郎, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 66 197 -197 2020年
  • 伊東 和輝, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 丸山 隼人 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 66 198 -198 2020年
  • 小濱 諒太, 合田 健登, 丸山 隼人, 菅井 徹人, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 66 198 -198 2020年
  • 青山 奈央, 森田 洸介, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 丸山 隼人 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 66 44 -44 2020年
  • 小濱 諒太, 合田 健登, 丸山 隼人, 菅井 徹人, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 66 68 -68 2020年
  • 藤原 久貴, 丸山 隼人, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 66 65 -65 2020年
  • 坂口 文香, 吉井 健祐, 丸山 隼人, 佐々木 孝行, 西田 翔, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 66 64 -64 2020年
  • 松波寿弥, 高木恭子, 信濃卓郎, 古川真 農林水産省関係放射能調査研究年報 2017 2019年
  • 古川真, 信濃卓郎, 松波寿弥, 高木恭子 農林水産省関係放射能調査研究年報 2017 2019年
  • 藤村恵人, 太田健, 信濃卓郎 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 247th 2019年
  • 藤村恵人, 山村光司, 太田健, 石川哲也, 齋藤隆, 荒井義光, 信濃卓郎 東北農業研究センター研究成果ダイジェスト(Web) 2018 2019年
  • 久保堅司, 小林浩幸, 藤本竜輔, 太田健, 信濃卓郎 東北農業研究センター研究成果ダイジェスト(Web) 2018 2019年
  • 辻英樹, 石井弓美子, 林誠二, 申文浩, 谷口圭輔, 新井宏受, 栗原モモ, 保高徹生, 倉元隆之, 中西貴宏, 李相潤, 信濃卓郎, 恩田裕一 日本陸水学会大会講演要旨集 84th 2019年
  • 松岡宏明, 片桐優亮, 鈴木芳成, 江口定夫, 井倉将人, 山田大吾, 永田修, 吉川省子, 信濃卓郎 KEK Proceedings (Web) (2019-2) 2019年
  • 海野佑介, 尹永根, 鈴井伸郎, 石井里美, 栗田圭輔, 栗田圭輔, 三好悠太, 三好悠太, 河地有木, 信濃卓郎 根の研究 28 (4) 2019年
  • 藤本久恵, 高雄惇英, 丸山隼人, 俵谷圭太郎, 信濃卓郎, 渡部敏裕 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 65 2019年
  • 浅尾真結子, 丸山隼人, 信濃卓郎, 渡部敏裕 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 65 2019年
  • 青山奈央, 森田洸介, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎, 丸山隼人 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 65 2019年
  • 松岡宏明, 齋藤正明, 鈴木芳成, 荒井義光, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 65 2019年
  • 久保堅司, 木田義信, 平山孝, 山田大吾, 永田修, 太田健, 太田健, 信濃卓郎, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集(Web) 65 2019年
  • 古川真, 古川真, 古川真, 高木恭子, 松波寿弥, 小松崎優子, 川上智彦, 信濃卓郎, 信濃卓郎, 高貝慶隆 日本分析化学会年会講演要旨集(Web) 68th 2019年
  • 菅野里美, 菅野里美, 藤村恵人, 信濃卓郎, 古川純, LEONHARDT Nathalie アイソトープ・放射線研究発表会要旨集 56th 2019年
  • 八戸真弓, 藤本竜輔, 信濃卓郎, 濱松潮香 農研機構食品研究部門成果情報(Web) 2019 2019年
  • 浅尾 真結子, 丸山 隼人, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 65 (0) 53 -53 2019年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 青山 奈央, 森田 洸介, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 丸山 隼人 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 65 (0) 50 -50 2019年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 藤本 久恵, 高雄 惇英, 丸山 隼人, 俵谷 圭太郎, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 65 (0) 50 -50 2019年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 久保 堅司, 岡崎 圭毅, 永田 修, 信濃 卓郎, 江口 哲也, 秋葉 秀一郎, 小林 大輔, 三潴 忠道, 渡辺 均, 星 佳織, 野田 正浩, 五十嵐 裕二 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 248 (0) 88 -88 2019年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • カリウムで放射性物質移行抑制 農地ごとに適切な濃度管理を
    信濃 卓郎 グリーンパワー 2018年12月 [査読無し][招待有り]
  • 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 89 (5) 353 -356 2018年10月 [査読有り][招待有り]
  • 久保堅司, 藤村恵人, 小林浩幸, 太田健, 信濃卓郎 農村工学研究部門成果情報 2017 53‐54 2018年06月30日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 64 2018年
  • 石川淳子, 藤村恵人, 近藤始彦, 羽田野麻理, 後藤明俊, 信濃卓郎 農研機構次世代作物開発研究センター成果情報(Web) 2018 2018年
  • 信濃卓郎 アイソトープ・放射線研究発表会要旨集 55th 2018年
  • 海野佑介, 尹永根, 鈴井伸郎, 石井里美, 栗田圭輔, 三好悠太, 三好悠太, 河地有木, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 64 2018年
  • 松岡宏明, 斎藤正明, 鈴木芳成, 荒井義光, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 64 2018年
  • 久保堅司, 太田健, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 64 2018年
  • 本島彩香, 本島彩香, 松波寿弥, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 64 2018年
  • 藤村恵人, 石川淳子, 新妻和敏, 太田健, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 64 2018年
  • 久保堅司, 藤村恵人, 小林浩幸, 太田健, 信濃卓郎 東北農業研究センター研究成果ダイジェスト(Web) 2017 2018年
  • 藤村恵人, 久保堅司, 太田健, 信濃卓郎 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 246th 2018年
  • 久保 堅司, 小林 浩幸, 高木 恭子, 松波 寿弥, 江口 哲也, 太田 健, 信濃 卓郎 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 245 (0) 2018年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 古川雄也, 古谷あゆ美, 丸山隼人, 丸山隼人, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳 日本植物生理学会年会(Web) 59th ROMBUNNO.P.276 2018年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山口 千仁, 瀧本 裕希, 大津 直子, 保倉 明子, 信濃 卓郎, 中村 俊貴, 陶山 明子, 丸山 明子 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 64 (0) 296 -296 2018年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野佑介, YIN Yong‐Gen, 鈴井伸郎, 石井里美, 栗田圭輔, 河地有木, 信濃卓郎 植物微生物研究会研究交流会講演要旨集 27th 39 (JA),40 (EN) 2017年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 尹永根, 鈴井伸郎, 石井里美, 栗田圭輔, 海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, 河地有木 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 63 (0) 33 -33 2017年09月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野佑介, 尹永根, 鈴井伸郎, 石井里美, 栗田圭輔, 河地有木, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 63 (0) 36 -36 2017年09月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 塚田 祥文, 信濃 卓郎, 佐藤 守, 江口 定夫, 山口 紀子, 金子 真司, 小山 良太 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 = Japanese journal of soil science and plant nutrition 88 (4) 352 -360 2017年08月
  • 保高徹生, SHIN Moono, 恩田裕一, 信濃卓郎, 林誠二, 塚田祥文, 青野辰雄, 飯島和毅, 江口定夫, 大野浩一, 吉田幸弘, 上東浩, 北村清司, 久保田富次郎, 野川憲夫, 吉川夏樹, 山口裕顕, 末木啓介, 辻英樹, 宮津進, 岡田往子, 栗原モモ, TARJAN Sandor, 松波寿弥, 内田滋夫 分析化学 66 (4) 299 -307 2017年04月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    A large amount of radiocesium was released from the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant of Tokyo Electric Power Company. The determination of dissolved and particulate radiocesium concentrations in water is important, which can be used as basic information for understanding the long-term radiocesium dynamics in the environment and the transfer of radiocesium to crops. Conventional quantitative methods include the evaporative concentration to the dryness method and the AMP method. These methods need to concentrate about 20-200 L of water due to the low concentration of the dissolved radiocesium. After the accident, several new methods, such as the Prussian blue filter cartridge method and the solid-phase disk method, have been developed and put to practical use. In this study, we carried out an accuracy evaluation test to assess five methods (i.e., the evaporative concentration to dryness method, the AMP method, the Prussian blue filter cartridge method, the solid-phase disk method, and the ion-change resin method) using 3 types of water samples containing 0.01-1.0 Bq L-1 of dissolved radiocesium. Our results showed that the z-scores of over 80 % of the measured data were within +/- 2 and their CVs in the range of 8-13 %, indicating good reproducibility of these methods.
  • 太田健, 石川哲也, 藤村恵人, 江口哲也, 松波寿弥, 信濃卓郎 農林水産省農林水産技術会議事務局研究成果 (564) 9‐14 2017年03月31日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 藤村恵人, 本間健一, 信濃卓郎 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 243rd 79 2017年03月29日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 本島彩香, 原田直樹, 太田健, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 63 2017年
  • 江口哲也, 太田健, 石川哲也, 藤村恵人, 松波寿弥, 若林正吉, 小笠原翔, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 63 2017年
  • 久保堅司, 平山孝, 太田健, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 63 2017年
  • 齋藤正明, 松岡宏明, 荒井義光, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 63 2017年
  • 藤村恵人, 石川淳子, 太田健, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 63 2017年
  • 尹永根, 鈴井伸郎, 石井里美, 栗田圭輔, 信濃卓郎, 河地有木 日本生物環境工学会大会講演要旨 2017 2017年
  • 江口哲也, 若林正吉, 山田大吾, 平山孝, 濱本昌一郎, 二瓶直登, 久保堅司, 太田健, 信濃卓郎 農業農村工学会大会講演会講演要旨集(CD-ROM) 2017 2017年
  • 久保堅司, 江口哲也, 小林大輔, 秋葉秀一郎, 三潴忠道, 渡辺均, 岡崎圭毅, 松波寿弥, 清水琢, 星佳織, 永山宏一, 信濃卓郎 根の研究 26 (4) 2017年
  • 頼泰樹, 横山咲, 佐藤奈美子, 古川純, 能美多希子, 伊藤那香, 森田祥司, 藤村恵人, 後藤明俊, 信濃卓郎, 永澤信洋, 我彦廣悦, 中村進一, 服部浩之 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 63 2017年
  • 久保 堅司, 二瓶 直登, 高木 恭子, 高橋 義彦, 齋藤 智子, 渡部 ゆかり, 吉田 由里江, 三森 美智恵, 松波 寿弥, 南山 泰宏, 小林 浩幸, 太田 健, 信濃 卓郎 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 244 (0) 2017年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 尹永根, 鈴井伸郎, 石井里美, 栗田圭輔, 信濃卓郎, 河地有木 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 62 111 -111 2016年09月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 62 221 -221 2016年09月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 古谷あゆ美, 丸山隼人, 丸山隼人, 佐々木孝行, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 62 56 -56 2016年09月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, 武田晃 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 62 40 -40 2016年09月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 藤村恵人, 太田健, 信濃卓郎, 齋藤隆, 佐久間祐樹, 服部実, 西田瑞彦, 石川淳子 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 62 148 2016年09月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 久保堅司, 平山孝, 竹内恵, 藤村恵人, 江口哲也, 二瓶直登, 濱本昌一郎, 齋藤隆, 太田健, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 62 148 -148 2016年09月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 齋藤正明, 荒井義光, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 62 156 -156 2016年09月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 江口哲也, 太田健, 石川哲也, 石川哲也, 藤村恵人, 松波寿弥, 高橋義彦, 後藤明俊, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 62 18 -18 2016年09月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 本間健一, 高野博幸, 小林航, 佐々木忠志, 高橋祐司, 信濃卓郎, 八田珠郎, 万福裕造, 碓井次郎 環境放射能除染学会誌 4 (2) 165‐172 2016年06月29日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • SHIN Moono, 保高徹生, 松波寿弥, 高橋義彦, 信濃卓郎 アイソトープ・放射線研究発表会要旨集 53rd 33 2016年06月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 本間 健一, 高野 博幸, 小林 航, 佐々木 忠志, 高橋 祐司, 信濃 卓郎, 八田 珠郎, 万福 裕造, 碓井 次郎 環境放射能除染学会誌 = Journal of the Society for Remediation of Radioactive Contamination in the Environment 4 (2) 165 -172 2016年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎, 信濃卓郎 農林水産省農林水産技術会議事務局研究成果 (552) 59‐65 2016年03月31日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 村上敏文, 信濃卓郎, 信濃卓郎, 内田智子, 鈴木雅博 農林水産省農林水産技術会議事務局研究成果 (552) 71‐77 2016年03月31日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 久保堅司, 小林浩幸, 村上源吉, 八戸真弓, 高橋義彦, 濱松潮香, 太田健, 信濃卓郎 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 241st 104 2016年03月28日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 久保堅司, 平山孝, 栗山泰, 小林浩幸, 太田健, 信濃卓郎 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 241st 103 2016年03月28日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 藤村恵人, 鈴木安和, 石川淳子, 石川哲也, 太田健, 信濃卓郎 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 241st 101 2016年03月28日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 久保堅司, 小林浩幸, 根本和俊, 平山孝, 松波寿弥, 市橋康弘, 市橋康弘, 太田健, 慶徳庄司, 信濃卓郎 東北農業研究センター研究成果ダイジェスト(Web) 2015 2016年
  • 江口哲也, 太田健, 石川哲也, 松波寿弥, 久保堅司, 信濃卓郎 東北農業研究センター研究成果ダイジェスト(Web) 2015 2016年
  • 久保 堅司, 高橋 義彦, 太田 健, 信濃 卓郎, 小林 浩幸, 竹内 恵, 平山 孝, 藤村 恵人, 石川 哲也, 八戸 真弓, 濱松 潮香, 松波 寿弥 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 242 (0) 83 -83 2016年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 久保 堅司, 今野 徹, 佐藤 睦人, 太田 健, 信濃 卓郎, 平山 孝, 慶徳 庄司, 木方 展治, 八戸 真弓, 濱松 潮香, 江口 哲也, 松波 寿弥, 高橋 義彦 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 243 (0) 167 -167 2016年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 藤村 恵人, 鈴木 安和, 石川 淳子, 石川 哲也, 太田 健, 信濃 卓郎 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 241 (0) 2016年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 久保 堅司, 小林 浩幸, 村上 源吉, 八戸 真弓, 高橋 義彦, 濱松 潮香, 太田 健, 信濃 卓郎 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 241 (0) 2016年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 久保 堅司, 平山 孝, 栗山 泰, 小林 浩幸, 太田 健, 信濃 卓郎 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 241 (0) 2016年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Takashi Saito, Kazuhira Takahashi, Toshifumi Murakami, Takuro Shinano Radiological Issues for Fukushima's Revitalized Future 189 -198 2016年01月01日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Despite a concentration of exchangeable K of > 208 mg kg−1 dry weight in soil, the brown rice grown in Minamisoma City in 2013 had a higher concentration of radiocesium than the new Japanese standard (100 Bq kg−1) for food. To analyze the factors affecting the radiocesium concentration in brown rice, we carried out pot tests using paddy soil and irrigation water collected in Minamisoma City. Rice seedlings were planted in 5-L pots containing Minamisoma soil, in which the exchangeable K was 125 mg kg−1 dry weight, and were irrigated with tap water or irrigation water collected in Minamisoma City. There was no difference in the Cs-137 concentration in brown rice between the two types of irrigation. Then we grew rice in the Minamisoma soil and two soils collected in Nakadori, Fukushima Prefecture. Cs-137 uptake in the Minamisoma soil was intermediate between the uptake rates in the Nakadori soils, showing that the Minamisoma soil was not special in radiocesium uptake. Finally, we grew rice in soil without radiocesium near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2014. Although the maximum value of Cs-137 in brown rice was 18 Bq kg−1, below the standard, radiocesium was attached to the surface of the foliage.
  • 藤村恵人, 石川哲也, 松波寿弥, 高橋義彦, 太田健, 信濃卓郎 日本作物学会東北支部会報 (58) 37 -38 2015年12月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 藤村 恵人, 石川 哲也, 松波 寿弥, 高橋 義彦, 太田 健, 信濃 卓郎 日本作物学会東北支部会報 (58) 37 -38 2015年12月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 江口哲也, 太田健, 石川哲也, 藤村恵人, 松波寿弥, 高橋義彦, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 61 165 2015年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 尹永根, 鈴井伸郎, 河地有木, 石井里美, 栗田圭輔, 中村卓司, 信濃卓郎, 藤巻秀 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 61 (61) 119 -119 2015年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野佑介, 高雄惇英, 江口哲也, 武田晃, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 61 160 2015年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 藤村恵人, 石川哲也, 太田健, 江口哲也, 松波寿弥, 高橋義彦, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 61 152 2015年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 江口 哲也, 太田 健, 石川 哲也, 藤村 恵人, 松波 寿弥, 高橋 義彦, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (61) 165 -165 2015年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野 佑介, 高雄 惇英, 江口 哲也, 武田 晃, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 61 (61) 2015年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 藤村 恵人, 石川 哲也, 太田 健, 江口 哲也, 松波 寿弥, 高橋 義彦, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (61) 152 -152 2015年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 尹 永根, 鈴井 伸郎, 河地 有木, 石井 里美, 栗田 圭輔, 中村 卓司, 信濃 卓郎, 藤巻 秀 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (61) 119 -119 2015年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎, 江口哲也, 太田健 粘土科学討論会講演要旨集 59th 124 -125 2015年09月02日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎 JATAFFジャーナル 3 (9) 24 -29 2015年09月01日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎 JATAFFジャーナル = JATAFF journal : 農林水産技術 3 (9) 24 -29 2015年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 久保堅司, 江口哲也, 松波寿弥, 藤村恵人, 小林浩幸, 小林浩幸, 太田健, 信濃卓郎 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 240th 128 2015年08月29日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 藤村恵人, 久保堅司, 江口哲也, 松波寿弥, 小林浩幸, 小林浩幸, 太田健, 信濃卓郎 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 240th 127 2015年08月29日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 早岡 英介, 久保田 直, 信濃 卓郎, 本田 紀生 科学技術コミュニケーション (17) 99 -112 2015年07月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎 科学技術コミュニケーション (17) 85 -91 2015年07月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • YIN Yong‐Gen, 鈴井伸郎, 河地有木, 石井里美, 中村卓司, 信濃卓郎, 藤巻秀 アイソトープ・放射線研究発表会要旨集 52nd 90 2015年06月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 久保堅司, 根本和俊, 小林浩幸, 栗山泰, 原田浩秀, 松波寿弥, 江口哲也, 木方展治, 太田健, 慶徳庄司, 木村武, 信濃卓郎 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 239th (0) 170 -170 2015年03月27日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 松波寿弥, 申文浩, 高橋義彦, 北島枝織, 土屋貴史, 信濃卓郎 Radioisotopes 64 (11) 681-686 (J-STAGE) 2015年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • SHIN Moono, 保高徹生, 松波寿弥, 高橋義彦, 久保田富次郎, 信濃卓郎 農業農村工学会大会講演会講演要旨集(CD-ROM) 2015 ROMBUNNO.5-37 2015年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山口 千仁, 陶山 明子, 瀧本 裕希, 大津 直子, 信濃 卓郎, 保倉 明子, 丸山 明子 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 61 (0) 55 -55 2015年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 藤村 恵人, 久保 堅司, 江口 哲也, 松波 寿弥, 小林 浩幸, 太田 健, 信濃 卓郎 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 240 (0) 127 -127 2015年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 久保 堅司, 江口 哲也, 松波 寿弥, 藤村 恵人, 小林 浩幸, 太田 健, 信濃 卓郎 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 240 (0) 128 -128 2015年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 久保 堅司, 根本 和俊, 小林 浩幸, 栗山 泰, 原田 浩秀, 松波 寿弥, 江口 哲也, 木方 展治, 太田 健, 慶徳 庄司, 木村 武, 信濃 卓郎 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 239 (0) 170 -170 2015年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山口 千仁, 陶山 明子, 瀧本 裕希, 大津 直子, 信濃 卓郎, 保倉 明子, 丸山 明子 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 61 (0) 55 -55 2015年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野佑介, 城惣吉, 信濃卓郎, 南澤究, 佐伯雄一, 池田成志 日本土壌微生物学会講演要旨集 2014 112 2014年10月16日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 池田成志, 浅野賢治, 高橋直和, 森清文, 富濱毅, 海野佑介, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌微生物学会講演要旨集 2014 113 -113 2014年10月16日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 池田 成志, 浅野 賢治, 高橋 直和, 森 清文, 富濱 毅, 海野 佑介, 信濃 卓郎 日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集 2014 113 -113 2014年10月16日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野 佑介, 城 惣吉, 信濃 卓郎, 南澤 究, 佐伯 雄一, 池田 成志 日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集 2014 112 -112 2014年10月16日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 杉戸智子, 辻博之, 村上則幸, 杉山慶太, 嘉見大助, 建部雅子, 信濃卓郎 北農 81 (4) 325 -329 2014年10月01日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 池田 成志, 浅野 賢治, 浅野 賢治, 森 清文, 富濱 毅, 海野 佑介, 信濃 卓郎 土と微生物 68 (2) 109 -109 2014年10月01日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 杉戸 智子, 辻 博之, 村上 則幸, 杉山 慶太, 嘉見 大助, 建部 雅子, 信濃 卓郎 北農 81 (4) 325 -329 2014年10月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    短節間カボチャ「TC2A」の水田転換畑での栽培において，窒素筋肥量が8kg/10aまでは窒素施肥量が多くなるほど果実収量が高くなり，果実品質が向上する傾向を示した。また，基肥4kg/10aと追肥4kg/10aの2回に分施することで日焼け・腐敗果率が低くなった。以上より，短節間カボチャ「TC2A」栽培では，窒素8kg/10aを基肥4kg/10aと追肥4kg/10aの2回に分施することが適していると判断した。
  • 中村俊貴, 信濃卓郎, 丸山明子 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 60 303 2014年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 江口哲也, 太田健, 石川哲也, 松波寿弥, 山口紀子, 木方展治, 久保堅志, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 60 (60) 158 -158 2014年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 高雄惇英, 海野佑介, 渡部敏裕, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 60 (60) 161 -161 2014年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大友量, 岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 60 242 2014年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, 南澤究, 池田成志 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 60 34 2014年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 池田成志, 海野佑介, 城惣吉, 信濃卓郎, 南澤究, 佐伯雄一 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 60 34 2014年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 60 242 2014年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中村俊貴, 陶山明子, 信濃卓郎, 丸山明子 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 60 55 2014年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中村 俊貴, 信濃 卓郎, 丸山 明子 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 60 (60) 303 -303 2014年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡 紀邦, 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 60 (60) 242 -242 2014年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大友 量, 岡 紀邦, 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 60 (60) 242 -242 2014年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 江口 哲也, 太田 健, 石川 哲也, 松波 寿弥, 山口 紀子, 木方 展治, 久保 堅志, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (60) 158 -158 2014年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野 佑介, 信濃 卓郎, 南澤 究, 池田 成志 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (60) 34 -34 2014年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Chu Qingnan, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 中村 卓司, 岡 紀邦, 大崎 満, Sha Zhimin 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (60) 62 -62 2014年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 高雄 惇英, 海野 佑介, 渡部 敏裕, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (60) 161 -161 2014年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • YIN Yong‐Gen, 鈴井伸郎, 河地有木, 石井里美, 小柳淳, 中村卓司, 信濃卓郎, 藤巻秀 アイソトープ・放射線研究発表会要旨集 51st 16 2014年06月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 久保堅司, 小林浩幸, 松波寿弥, 太田健, 信濃卓郎 根の研究 23 (2) 58 2014年06月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎 環境工学連合講演会講演論文集 27th 61 -64 2014年05月12日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大友 量, 杉戸 智子, 小島 知子, 岡 紀邦, 信濃 卓郎 土と微生物 68 (1) 46 -46 2014年04月01日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 染谷 信孝, 海野 佑介, 信濃 卓郎, 津田 昌吾, 池田 成志, 関口 博之 土と微生物 68 (1) 38 -38 2014年04月01日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 小林創平, 高橋宙之, 信濃卓郎, 建部雅子 農林水産省農林水産技術会議事務局研究成果 (498) 36 -41 2014年03月31日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎圭毅, 中村卓司, 岡紀邦, 大友量, 杉戸智子, 信濃卓郎 日本作物学会講演会要旨・資料集 237th 364 -365 2014年03月29日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中村卓司, 林怜史, 村上則幸, 辻博之, 小松邦彦, 岡崎圭毅, SHA Z, QINGNAN C, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎 日本作物学会講演会要旨・資料集 237th 366 -367 2014年03月29日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 杉戸智子, 辻博之, 村上則幸, 杉山慶太, 嘉見大助, 建部雅子, 信濃卓郎 農作業研究 49 (1) 21 -29 2014年03月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    短節間カボチャ 'TC2A' の栽培における窒素施肥量と施肥回数（1回の全量基肥もしくは基肥と雄花開花前の2回に分けての分施）について，北海道の水田転換畑での栽培を対象に生育，果実収量および品質の面から解析した．牛ふん麦わら堆肥 1 t/10a を施用した淡色黒ボク土の転換初年度の畑での栽培において，窒素施肥量が 8 kg/10a までは窒素施肥量が多くなるほど果実収量が高くなり，果実乾物率やデンプン含量が高くなることにより果実品質が向上する傾向を示した．窒素施肥量を 12 kg/10a としても果実収量や品質の向上は認められなかった．また，窒素施肥量が 8 kg/ 10a であっても，基肥 4 kg/10a と追肥 4 kg/10a の 2回に分施することで，基肥のみで施肥した場合と比較して，収穫時の茎葉の生体重が増加し，日焼け・腐敗果率が有意に低くなった．以上より，北海道の転換初年目の水田転換畑において，牛ふん堆肥 1 t/10a を施用した淡色黒ボク土での短節間カボチャ 'TC2A' 栽培では，窒素 8 kg/10a を上記のように分施することが適していると判断した．
  • 丸山隼人, 津村暁彦, 海野佑介, 及川彰, 俵谷圭太郎, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 55th 323 2014年03月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 福田朋彦, 岡崎圭毅, 渡邊彩乃, 信濃卓郎, 岡紀邦 日本農芸化学会大会講演要旨集(Web) 2014 3B04P04 (WEB ONLY) 2014年03月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎圭毅, 福田朋彦, 信濃卓郎, 岡紀邦 農研機構北海道農業研究センター成果情報(Web) 2014 2014年
  • 飼料用とうもろこし連作畑におけるリン酸施肥対応
    八木哲生, 松本武彦, 三枝俊哉, 林拓, 大友量, 小林創平, 岡紀邦, 信濃卓郎 北海道農業成果情報 （指導参考） 2014年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎 圭毅, 中村 卓司, 岡 紀邦, 大友 量, 杉戸 智子, 信濃 卓郎 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 237 (0) 2014年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中村 卓司, 林 怜史, 村上 則幸, 辻 博之, 小松 邦彦, 岡崎 圭毅, Zimin Sha, Chu Qingnan, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎 日本作物学会講演会要旨集 237 (0) 2014年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中村 俊貴, 陶山 明子, 信濃 卓郎, 丸山 明子 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 60 (0) 55 -55 2014年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 後藤 逸男, 信濃 卓郎 農業 = Journal of the Agricultural Society of Japan (1581) 19 -36 2014年01月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 後藤逸男, 信濃卓郎 農業 (1581) 19 -33 2014年01月01日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 久保堅司, 小林浩幸, 太田健, 村上敏文, 石川哲也, 江口哲也, 藤田雅也, 渡邊好昭, 信濃卓郎 根の研究 22 (4) 159 2013年12月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 後藤 逸男, 信濃 卓郎 農業 = Journal of the Agricultural Society of Japan (1579) 6 -19 2013年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 後藤逸男, 信濃卓郎 農業 (1579) 6 -19 2013年12月01日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 久保堅司, 小林浩幸, 太田健, 村上敏文, 石川哲也, 江口哲也, 藤田雅也, 渡邊好昭, 中島隆, 信濃卓郎 育種学研究 15 193 2013年10月12日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 78 (10-12) S1800-S1806 2013年10月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Tomoko Sugito, Takuro Shinano JARQ-JAPAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH QUARTERLY 47 (4) 347 -351 2013年10月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Andosols are widely distributed in upland fields in Japan and are characterized by a high phosphorus (P) retention capacity. Consequently, the efficiency of P fertilizers is low in Andosols, requiring a high rate of P fertilizer application. However, P resources are becoming depleted globally, and excess P accumulated in soil inhibits trace element uptake by plants, pollutes the environment, and triggers outbreaks of soil-borne diseases. Available P in upland fields in Japan is usually estimated using the Truog method, but the results do not correlate with plant P uptake in Andosols. Soil organic P is also not usually evaluated as available, but remains an important P source for plants. The P in microbes (biomass P) is particularly important, because P from dead microbes is released directly into the soil or easily decomposed. We found a significant correlation between biomass P and P uptake by kidney beans. Therefore, biomass P may serve as a reliable indicator of P availability in Andosols.
  • 福田 朋彦, 岡崎 圭毅, 渡邊 彩乃, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 59 (59) 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 杉戸 智子, 君和田 健二, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (59) 244 -244 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 関口 萌子, 海野 佑介, 岩田 幸良, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (59) 239 -239 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 加藤 邦彦, 井上 京, 家次 秀浩, 北川 勝治, 菅原 保英, 岡崎 圭毅, 中村 卓司, 信濃 卓郎, 原田 純, 櫻木 宏明, 青木 和彦 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (59) 161 -161 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山脇 賢治, 杉戸 智子, 大友 量, 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎, 岡 紀邦 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 59 (59) 141 -141 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 杉戸 智子, 大友 量, 信濃 卓郎, 岡 紀邦 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 59 (59) 139 -139 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 尹 永根, 鈴井 伸郎, 河地 有木, 石井 里美, 小〓 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 藤巻 秀 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (59) 117 -117 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎, 中村 卓司, 岡 紀邦 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 59 (59) 90 -90 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中村 卓司, 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (59) 30 -30 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岩田 幸良, 海野 佑介, 信濃 卓郎, 清水 真理子, 矢崎 友嗣, 柳井 洋介, 波多野 隆介 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (59) 2 -2 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 渡部 敏裕, 吉村 誠子, 前島 恵理子, 山内 愛子, 大和田野 昌子, 岡田 遼介, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 浦山 勝 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (59) 90 -90 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡 紀邦, 岡崎 圭毅, 齋藤 修平, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 59 (59) 248 -248 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡田 遼介, 渡部 敏裕, 浦山 勝, 海野 佑介, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 59 (59) 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Sha Zhimin, Oka Norikuni, Watanabe Toshihiro, Okazaki Keiki, Osaki Mitsuru, Shinano Takuro 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 59 (59) 248 -248 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 中村卓司, 岡紀邦 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 59 90 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 加藤邦彦, 井上京, 家次秀浩, 北川勝治, 菅原保英, 岡崎圭毅, 中村卓司, 信濃卓郎, 原田純, 櫻木宏明, 青木和彦 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 59 (59) 161 -161 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中村卓司, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 59 (59) 30 -30 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 杉戸智子, 大友量, 信濃卓郎, 岡紀邦 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 59 139 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山脇賢治, 杉戸智子, 大友量, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 岡紀邦 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 59 141 -141 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 関口萌子, 海野佑介, 岩田幸良, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 59 239 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 渡部敏裕, 吉村誠子, 前島恵理子, 山内愛子, 大和田野昌子, 岡田遼介, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 浦山勝 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 59 (59) 90 -90 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岩田幸良, 海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, 清水真理子, 矢崎友嗣, 柳井洋介, 波多野隆介 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 59 2 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 齋藤修平, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 59 248 -248 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 尹永根, 鈴井伸郎, 河地有木, 石井里美, 小柳淳, 信濃卓郎, 藤巻秀 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 59 (59) 117 -117 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 福田朋彦, 岡崎圭毅, 渡邊彩乃, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 59 249 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡田遼介, 渡部敏裕, 浦山勝, 海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 59 249 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 杉戸智子, 君和田健二, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 59 (59) 244 -244 2013年09月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大友量, 杉戸智子, 小島知子, 岡紀邦, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌微生物学会講演要旨集 2013 56 2013年06月19日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 染谷信孝, 海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, 津田昌吾, 池田成志, 関口博之 日本土壌微生物学会講演要旨集 2013 31 2013年06月19日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎 日本草地学会誌 59 (1) 70 -73 2013年04月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    世界の主要な食糧輸出国はそのほとんどが先進国であり，低価格で多くの国々の食糧需要をまかなって来た。その一方で，多くの後発発展途上国は実質的に食糧輸入国になっており，国家の基軸たる食糧供給が先進国を中心とした少数の国家における農業政策に強く依存している(FAO2010)。世界全体で見たときには安価な食糧の供給は，それが安定的に供給され，かつ，購入する国家の経済状態が安定していれば，少なくとも短期的には飢餓人口を減らすことが可能と考えられており，実際にFAOは2002年の報告では，その後の予測として世界各国の飢餓人口がその絶対数，人口比率のいずれにおいても低下傾向を続けるとしていた(FAO2002)。しかしながら，2008年のリーマンショックに端を発した経済不安は食糧問題にも暗い影を及ぼし，その予測通りにはならなかったことが報告されている(FAO2010)農業分野においては各種資材(肥料原料など)の枯渇の危惧とその不安に乗じた生産調整，供給抑制による価格高騰は記憶に新しい。その後価格高騰は沈静化したものの，以前の価格に比べると高水準のままである。
  • 信濃卓郎 日本草地学会誌 59 (1) 70 -73 2013年04月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    世界の主要な食糧輸出国はそのほとんどが先進国であり，低価格で多くの国々の食糧需要をまかなって来た。その一方で，多くの後発発展途上国は実質的に食糧輸入国になっており，国家の基軸たる食糧供給が先進国を中心とした少数の国家における農業政策に強く依存している(FAO2010)。世界全体で見たときには安価な食糧の供給は，それが安定的に供給され，かつ，購入する国家の経済状態が安定していれば，少なくとも短期的には飢餓人口を減らすことが可能と考えられており，実際にFAOは2002年の報告では，その後の予測として世界各国の飢餓人口がその絶対数，人口比率のいずれにおいても低下傾向を続けるとしていた(FAO2002)。しかしながら，2008年のリーマンショックに端を発した経済不安は食糧問題にも暗い影を及ぼし，その予測通りにはならなかったことが報告されている(FAO2010)農業分野においては各種資材(肥料原料など)の枯渇の危惧とその不安に乗じた生産調整，供給抑制による価格高騰は記憶に新しい。その後価格高騰は沈静化したものの，以前の価格に比べると高水準のままである。
  • 関口博之, 竹原利明, 富岡啓介, 野見山孝司, 大崎秀樹, 宮川久義, 信濃卓郎 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集 2013 142 2013年03月21日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Yusuke Unno, Takuro Shinano Molecular Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere 2 1099 -1103 2013年03月18日 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    A metagenomic approach to detect and analyze rhizosphere microbial communities was carried out on Lupinus albus (L.) roots, which possessed proteoid roots. To reduce the contamination of the soil metagenome sequence with plant gene sequences, water fractionation was found to be better than air fractionation. Bioinformatics approaches were also used to remove these genes derived from the plant genome. Comparison among the different developmental stages of proteoid root rhizosphere soil metagenomes revealed the phylogenetical and also functional diversity among them. Integration of genome databases of soil microorganism, which supports not only phylogenetical data but also functional annotation, is needed to understand the soil metabolic process. Our results show potential and validity of this approach. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • 54th 177 2013年03月14日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 加藤邦彦, 井上京, 櫻木宏明, WU Da, 原田純, 富山貢, 家次秀浩, 北川勝治, 菅原保英, 岡崎圭毅, 中村卓司, 信濃卓郎 日本水環境学会年会講演集 47th 309 2013年03月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Ayano Watanabe, Keiki Okazaki, Toshihiro Watanabe, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 61 (5) 1009 -1016 2013年02月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Organic matter amendment is an essential agricultural protocol to improve soil function and carbon sequestration. However, the effect of organic matter amendments on crop quality has not been well-defined. This study applied gas chromatography mass spectrometry to investigate the metabolite profiling of mizuna (Brassica rapa L. var. Nipponsinica) with different organic matter amendments with respect to quality and quantity. Principal component analysis showed that 33.4, 15.6, and 6.6% of the total variance was attributable to the plant N concentration, fast-release organic fertilizer (fish cake), chicken droppings), and rapeseed cake), and manure application (fresh and dried), respectively. The peak areas of 18 and 15 compounds were significantly altered under organic fertilizer and manure amendment, respectively, compared with pure chemical fertilizer amendment. The compounds altered with manure amendment were similar to those reported in previous studies using other species. This study is the first to show dear metabolic alterations in plants through the amendment of fast-release organic fertilizer. Mizuna is a unique plant species that responds to both organic fertilizer and manure. These observations are useful to clarify the effect of organic matter amendment and quality control in farming systems using organic matter.
  • 信濃卓郎, 海野佑介 農林水産省農林水産技術会議事務局研究成果 (494) 56 -61 2013年01月31日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 小山 博之, 小林 佑理子, 高橋 美智子, 信濃 卓郎, 大津 直子, 丸山 明子, 三輪 京子, 小林 優, 渡部 敏裕, 上野 大勢, 中村 進一 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 84 (2) 136 -141 2013年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 28 (1) 120-127 (J-STAGE) 2013年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Tomohiko Fukuda, Hiroki Tanaka, Hidetoshi Ihori, Keiki Okazaki, Takuro Shinano, Yasunori Fukumori Food Science and Technology Research 19 (3) 497 -504 2013年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Carrots, like most other vegetables, are classified into fresh or processing varieties in the food industry. To describe differences in volatile profiles and identify important volatiles among the carrot varieties of each type, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the composition of individual volatiles in 12 carrot varieties, including 7 Kuroda (fresh) and 5 Flakee (processing) types. Fifty-four volatiles were identified and quantified. β-Myrcene, terpinolene, sabinene and 1,3,8-p-menthatriene were detected as odor-active volatiles by GC-olfactometry. PCA distinguished Kuroda from Flakee by PC1. β-Myrcene and sabinene also had high PCA loading values, and were shown to play an important role in the characteristics of Flakee. On the other hand, thymol methyl ether and caryophyllenes, especially caryophyllene oxide, were representative volatiles in Kuroda. Thus, these volatiles might be useful as novel molecular markers in the development of new, high-quality carrots.
  • Keitaro Tawaraya, Ryota Horie, Akiko Saito, Takuro Shinano, Tadao Wagatsuma, Kazuki Saito, Akira Oikawa JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION 36 (7) 1138 -1159 2013年01月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    We applied a metabolite profiling technique to investigate root exudates under phosphorus (P) deficiency. Oryza sativa was grown in culture solution containing three P levels (0, 1, and 8mg P L-1). Shoot extracts, root extracts, and root exudates were obtained from 18 and 23-day-old plants and their metabolites were determined by capillary electrophoresis/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Eighty, 90, and 65 metabolites were identified in shoot extracts, root extracts, and root exudates, respectively. Sixty-three to eighty-four percent of the metabolites were exuded to the rhizosphere. More than 33% of the metabolites in the root exudates showed higher concentration at low P than at high P. On the other hand, only 14% of the metabolites in the root extracts showed lower concentration at low P than at high P. These results suggest that rice roots actively release many metabolites in response to P deficiency.
  • 小山 博之, 小林 佑理子, 高橋 美智子, 信濃 卓郎, 大津 直子, 丸山 明子, 三輪 京子, 小林 優, 渡部 敏裕, 上野 大勢, 中村 進一 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 84 (2) 136 -141 2013年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 増田曜子, 伊藤英臣, 白鳥豊, 海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, 下村有美, 早津雅仁, 大島健志朗, 服部正平, 磯部一夫, 大塚重人, 妹尾啓史 日本ゲノム微生物学会年会要旨集 7th 71 2013年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 小山 博之, 小林 佑理子, 高橋 美智子, 信濃 卓郎, 大津 直子, 丸山 明子, 三輪 京子, 小林 優, 渡部 敏裕, 上野 大勢, 中村 進一 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 84 (2) 136 -141 2013年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料學雜誌 83 (6) 703 -708 2012年12月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎 農薬環境科学研究 (20) 1 -9 2012年10月18日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大友 量, 志馬 景子, 伊沢 剛, 小林 創平, 信濃 卓郎, 篠崎 聡 土と微生物 66 (2) 77 -77 2012年10月01日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野 佑介, 信濃 卓郎 日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集 (28) 2012年09月19日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 渡邊 彩乃, 岡崎 圭毅, 福田 朋彦, 岡 紀邦, 斎藤 修平, 渡部 敏裕, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 58 (58) 249 -249 2012年09月04日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 太平 佳菜, 海野 佑介, 齋藤 修平, 寳示戸 雅之, 濃沼 圭一, 西田 瑞彦, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 58 (58) 249 -249 2012年09月04日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡 紀邦, 岡崎 圭毅, 齋藤 修平, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 58 (58) 247 -247 2012年09月04日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 齋藤 修平, 岡 紀邦, 杉戸 智子, 岡崎 圭毅, 辻 博之, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 58 (58) 247 -247 2012年09月04日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 石綿 雅浩, 齋藤 修平, 岡崎 圭毅, 君和田 健二, 杉戸 智子, 岡 紀邦, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 58 (58) 244 -244 2012年09月04日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡 紀邦, 杉戸 智子, 大友 量, 岡崎 圭毅, 齋藤 修平, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 58 (58) 141 -141 2012年09月04日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 渡邊 彩乃, 岡崎 圭毅, 渡部 敏裕, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 58 (58) 89 -89 2012年09月04日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山本 洋子, 泉 洋平, 信濃 卓郎, 中村 卓司, 岡崎 圭毅, 佐々木 孝行 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 58 (58) 75 -75 2012年09月04日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 関口 萌子, 海野 佑介, 岩田 幸良, 清水 真理子, 波多野 隆介, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 58 (58) 38 -38 2012年09月04日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岩田 幸良, 海野 佑介, 関口 萌子, 清水 真理子, 矢崎 友嗣, 柳井 洋介, 波多野 隆介, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 58 (58) 4 -4 2012年09月04日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 渡邊彩乃, 岡崎圭毅, 福田朋彦, 岡紀邦, 斎藤修平, 渡部敏裕, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 58 249 -249 2012年09月04日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岩田幸良, 海野佑介, 関口萌子, 清水真理子, 矢崎友嗣, 柳井洋介, 波多野隆介, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 58 (58) 4 -4 2012年09月04日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 関口萌子, 海野佑介, 岩田幸良, 清水真理子, 波多野隆介, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 58 (58) 38 -38 2012年09月04日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 渡邊彩乃, 岡崎圭毅, 渡部敏裕, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 58 (58) 89 -89 2012年09月04日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 齋藤修平, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 58 247 -247 2012年09月04日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 石綿雅浩, 齋藤修平, 岡崎圭毅, 君和田健二, 杉戸智子, 岡紀邦, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 58 (58) 244 -244 2012年09月04日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡紀邦, 杉戸智子, 大友量, 岡崎圭毅, 齋藤修平, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 58 (58) 141 -141 2012年09月04日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 太平佳菜, 海野佑介, 齋藤修平, 寳示戸雅之, 濃沼圭一, 西田瑞彦, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 58 (58) 249 -249 2012年09月04日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 齋藤修平, 岡紀邦, 杉戸智子, 岡崎圭毅, 辻博之, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 58 (58) 247 -247 2012年09月04日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山本洋子, 泉洋平, 信濃卓郎, 中村卓司, 岡崎圭毅, 佐々木孝行 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 58 (58) 75 -75 2012年09月04日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Zhimin Sha, Norikuni Oka, Toshihiro Watanabe, Biatna Dulbert Tampubolon, Keiki Okazaki, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 60 (38) 9543 -9552 2012年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Two field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of previous cultivation of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) host plant and manure application on the concentration of 19 mineral elements in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Tsurumusume) seeds. Each experiment ran for two years (experiment 1 took place in 2007-2008, and experiment 2 took place in 2008-2009) with a split plot design. Soybeans were cultivated after growing either an AM host plant (maize, Zea mays L. cv. New dental) or a non-AM host plant (buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. cv. Kitawase-soba) in the first year in the main plots, with manure application (0 and 20 t/ha) during the soybean season in split plots from both main plots. On the basis of the two experiments, manure application significantly increased the available potassium (K) and decreased the available iron (Fe) and cesium (Cs) in the soil. However, higher concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and barium (Ba) and lower concentrations of Cs in the seed were induced by the application of manure. Cd levels in the seed were decreased by prior cultivation with the AM host plant. The present study showed that the identity of the prior crop and manure application changed the mineral contents of the soybean seed and suggests a connection between environmental factors and food safety.
  • 信濃卓郎 日本草地学会誌 58 (25) 2012年08月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 三枝 正彦, 太田 健, 信濃 卓郎, 南沢 究, 稲村 達也 日本土壌肥料學雜誌 83 (4) 483 -486 2012年08月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    地球環境や人間活動を支える土壌は,第1次生産者としての植物の生育を大きく左右するのみならず,その後の食物連鎖により,動物ひいては人間の生長,健康維持にも大きく影響する。「作物生産基盤としての土壌科学」について,1)作物生産におけるペドロジーの役割,2)土壌に根ざした作物栄養学の展開,3)作物生産に対する土壌微生物の貢献,4)作物学から土壌科学へ望むことの4課題に関し,それぞれペドロジー,作物栄養学,土壌微生物学,作物学の原点に遡って討議し,あらためてこの分野の学術の動向と今後の展開を考える。
  • 大友量, 志馬景子, 伊沢剛, 小林創平, 信濃卓郎, 篠崎聡 日本土壌微生物学会講演要旨集 2012 10 2012年06月10日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎 圭毅, 岡 紀邦, 澤田 寛子, 藤山 正史, 渡邉 大治, 信濃 卓郎, 藤原 伸介 日本土壌肥料學雜誌 83 (3) 256 -265 2012年06月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    長崎県北部中山間の特定地域では,水稲上位葉の葉縁部や先端が枯死する現象が1960年代から観察されてきたが,本障害(水稲葉枯症)の原因やその発症機構についてはよく分かっていない.本研究では,葉枯症をもたらすストレスに関連する代謝産物を明らかにする目的で,現地の葉枯症発生地域および非発生地域において生育時期別に採取した水稲葉を供試し,GC-MSによる代謝成分の一斉分析を行った.同定された主要代謝物のイオン強度を全試料間で比較したところ,葉枯症発生地域で栽培された水稲では光合成初期産物であるフルクトースやグルコースが多く含まれる傾向が認められた.また,発症に伴う特異的な代謝物の変動を高精度検出するため,葉枯症の初期ストレスに鋭敏に応答し,葉の障害程度とも対応することが前報で示されたACC(遊離と結合体の合量)を指標として,質量スペクトルデータを用いるNon-Target解析を実施した.その結果,フルクトースやグルコース以外に健全葉と発症葉間でわずかでも差の認められる成分として,GABA,トレハロース,ソルビトール,セロトニンなどが選抜された.それらの中で,トレハロース,ソルビトールおよびセロトニンは健全葉中では含有率が極めて低いが,発症に伴い顕著に増加していることから,葉枯症のストレスを特徴付ける上で重要な化合物と推察された.指標としたACCを含め,これら成分はいずれも組織の乾燥や水分ストレスによって集積することが報告されており,水稲の葉枯障害との関連性が強く示唆された.
  • 岡崎圭毅, 嘉見大助, 室崇人, 信濃卓郎, 杉山慶太 園芸学研究 別冊 11 (1) 392 2012年03月28日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 53rd 309 2012年03月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 丸山隼人, 佐々木孝行, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 53rd 371 2012年03月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 箱山雅生, DUAN Guilan, 神谷岳洋, FABIEN Lombardo, 横田圭祐, 三輪大樹, 佐藤修正, 田畑哲之, ZHENG Chen, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎, 林誠, 藤原徹 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 53rd 374 2012年03月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 長澤賢弥, 立花直也, 福嶋正巳, 菅野ひかり, 信濃卓郎, 岡崎圭毅 化学系学協会北海道支部冬季研究発表会講演要旨集 2012 104 2012年01月31日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • SHINANO T. Frontiers in Agriculture Proteome Research, Contribution of Proteomics Technology in Agricultural Sciences 77 -81 2012年
  • 信濃卓郎, 海野祐介 農研機構北海道農業研究センター成果情報(Web) 2012 2012年
  • 岡崎圭毅, 岡紀邦, 澤田寛子, 藤山正史, 渡邊太治, 信濃卓郎, 藤原伸介 農研機構北海道農業研究センター成果情報(Web) 2012 2012年
  • 岡崎圭毅, 岡紀邦, 信濃卓郎 農研機構北海道農業研究センター成果情報(Web) 2012 2012年
  • 小林創平, 志馬景子, 大友量, 池田成志, 浅野亮樹, 信濃卓郎 研究成果情報 2011 2012年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Hayato Maruyama, Takuya Yamamura, Yohei Kaneko, Hirokazu Matsui, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki, Jun Wasaki SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 58 (1) 41 -51 2012年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    This study evaluated the effects of exogenous LASAP2 for acid phosphatase (APase) and LASAP3 for phytase of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) on phosphorus (P) accumulation from organic P in soils. The potential for LASAP2-overexpressing tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) to increase organic P in soil was examined in our previous study. However, LASAP2 has low specificity for phytate, the predominant form of unavailable P in the brown lowland soil. For the present study, we isolated the full length of LASAP3 cDNA and introduced it into tobacco plants using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic tobacco plants were grown in two different soils (Andosols and Regosols; high and low P-adsorption capacity, respectively) supplemented with either inorganic phosphate (+Pi) or phytate (Po) as the sole P source, or control conditions that lacked phosphorus (No P). Dry matter production and P content of the transgenic line was higher than that of wild type in all treatments. The ratio of P accumulation increase by exogenous enzymes was found to be dependent on the P treatment and soil type. In all lines, the increase in +Po was less than that in +Pi, but higher than in No P. The P uptake ability of plants in Regosols was higher than in Andosols for all treatments, suggesting that the P utilization efficiency of both Pi and Po is dependent on the solubility. In no soil type or P treatment was a significant difference found between LASAP2- and LASAP3-overexpressing lines. These results demonstrate that introducing an APase and phytase gene such as LASAP2 and LASAP3 into tobacco by genetic transformation is a promising strategy for improving P mobilization in soil, although the bottleneck for mobilization of phytate-P is not the specificity of the enzyme but its solubility in soils.
  • Toshihiro Watanabe, Takumi Enomoto, Michihiko Sakurai, Miwa Okamoto, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION 35 (10) 1468 -1476 2012年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Seedlings of bok choy and tomato were grown in soils with different nitrogen (N) sources [no N (-N), ammonium sulfate (AS), and cattle farmyard manure (CM)]. Comparison between soils treated with -N and CM indicated that the growth and N accumulation in bok choy were significantly enhanced by CM treatment, whereas no difference was found in tomato. In the rhizosphere soils, the highest protease activity was detected in CM treatment irrespective of species. Correlation analysis between rhizospheric protease activity and total N accumulation of plant treated with {N and CM showed a significant positive correlation only for bok choy. The determination of amino acid absorption rate in excised roots indicated that glycine was taken up at a significantly higher rate in bok choy than tomato. This study suggested that at least two possible factors affected the acquisition of organic N: rhizospheric protease activity and ability to absorb amino acids in roots.
  • Keiki Okazaki, Takuro Shinano, Norikuni Oka, Masako Takebe SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 58 (6) 696 -706 2012年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Among agricultural soil fertility management options, the environmental benefits of organic amendments have recently drawn particular attention. However, little information exists about their effects on crop metabolites or quality. Field plots of Komatsuna (Brassica rapa L. var. perviridis) were planted in a fractional factorial design with the following treatments: soil amendments of cattle manure (0, 2 or 4?kg?m-2), wheat straw (0, 0.05 or 0.1?kg?m-2), fast release nitrogen (N) (0, 6 or 12?g?N?m-2 of ammonium sulfate), slow release N (0, 3 or 6?g?N?m-2 of coated ammonium nitrate), phosphorus (P) [0, 5 or 10?g phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5)?m-2 of lime superphosphate] and potassium (K) [0, 6 and 12?g potassium oxide (K2O)?m-2 as potassium sulfate]. Metabolite profiling was carried out using a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS), which yielded 62 and 67 metabolites in the leaves and the petioles, respectively. Metabolite peak areas were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). The first component accounted for 44.1% of the total variance and bore a close relationship to N. The third component accounted for 8.8% of the total variance and was used to distinguish between different levels of manure application. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) of treatment factor effects on individual metabolites showed that the three most significant factors, from highest to lowest, were N absorption, manure amendments and slow release N. The effects of the manure amendments were not fully explained by its attendant N, P or K inputs. This result raises the question as to what mechanisms may bring about the metabolic changes caused by the manure amendment. The current findings will serve to direct further studies on the relationship between crop quality and cultivation procedures and will lead to more efficient quality control methods.
  • 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕 日本土壌肥料學雜誌 82 (6) 504 -510 2011年12月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎, 渡部敏裕 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 82 (6) 504 -510 2011年12月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 海野 祐介 日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集 (27) 38 -38 2011年10月08日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • QUADIR Quazi Forhad, WATANABE Toshihiro, CHEN Zheng, SHINANO Takuro, OSAKI Mitsuru 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 57 (57) 297 -297 2011年08月08日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 齋藤 修平, 岡 紀邦, 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (57) 67 -67 2011年08月08日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山本 洋子, 信濃 卓郎, 中村 卓司, 岡崎 圭毅, 泉 洋平, 佐々木 孝行 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 57 (57) 2011年08月08日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎 圭毅, 岡 紀邦, 齋藤 修平, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (57) 97 -97 2011年08月08日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 杉戸 智子, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (57) 120 -120 2011年08月08日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡 紀邦, 岡崎 圭毅, 齋藤 修平, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (57) 122 -122 2011年08月08日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 渡部 敏裕, 東 隆行, 岡田 遼介, 信濃 卓郎, 浦山 勝, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (57) 152 -152 2011年08月08日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (57) 240 -240 2011年08月08日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 齋藤 修平, 岡 紀邦, 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (57) 289 -289 2011年08月08日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 池田 成志, 岡崎 和之, 黒田 洋輔, 田口 和憲, 高橋 宙之, 阿部 英幸, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (57) 296 -296 2011年08月08日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 石本 圭子, 米山 香織, 小林 創平, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 横田 孝雄, 米山 弘一, 江沢 辰広 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (57) 297 -297 2011年08月08日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 渡部敏裕, 東隆行, 岡田遼介, 信濃卓郎, 浦山勝, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 57 (57) 152 -152 2011年08月08日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎圭毅, 岡紀邦, 齋藤修平, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 57 (57) 97 -97 2011年08月08日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 杉戸智子, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 57 (57) 120 -120 2011年08月08日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 齋藤修平, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 57 (57) 122 -122 2011年08月08日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 齋藤修平, 岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 57 (57) 289 -289 2011年08月08日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 池田成志, 岡崎和之, 黒田洋輔, 田口和憲, 高橋宙之, 阿部英幸, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 57 (57) 296 -296 2011年08月08日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山本洋子, 信濃卓郎, 中村卓司, 岡崎圭毅, 泉洋平, 佐々木孝行 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 57 89 2011年08月08日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 石本圭子, 米山香織, 小林創平, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 横田孝雄, 米山弘一, 江沢辰広 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 57 (57) 297 -297 2011年08月08日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 齋藤修平, 岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 57 (57) 67 -67 2011年08月08日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 57 (57) 240 -240 2011年08月08日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Seishi Ikeda, Takashi Okubo, Naoya Takeda, Mari Banba, Kazuhiro Sasaki, Haruko Imaizumi-Anraku, Shinsuke Fujihara, Yoshinari Ohwaki, Kenshiro Ohshima, Yoshimichi Fukuta, Shima Eda, Hisayuki Mitsui, Masahira Hattori, Tadashi Sato, Takuro Shinano, Kiwamu Minamisawa APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 77 (13) 4399 -4405 2011年07月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The effects of the Oryza sativa calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase OsCCaMK genotype (dominant homozygous [D], heterozygous [H], recessive homozygous [R]) on rice root-associated bacteria, including endophytes and epiphytes, were examined by using a Tos17 rice mutant line under paddy and upland field conditions. Roots were sampled at the flowering stage and were subjected to clone library analyses. The relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria was noticeably decreased in R plants under both paddy and upland conditions (0.8% and 3.0%, respectively) relative to those in D plants (10.3% and 17.4%, respectively). Population shifts of the Sphingomonadales and Rhizobiales were mainly responsible for this low abundance in R plants. The abundance of Anaerolineae (Chloroflexi) and Clostridia (Firmicutes) was increased in R plants under paddy conditions. The abundance of a subpopulation of Actinobacteria (Saccharothrix spp. and unclassified Actinosynnemataceae) was increased in R plants under upland conditions. Principal coordinate analysis revealed unidirectional community shifts in relation to OsCCaMK gene dosage under both conditions. In addition, shoot length, tiller number, and plant weight decreased as the OsCCaMK gene dosage decreased under upland conditions. These results suggest significant impacts of OsCCaMK on both the diversity of root-associated bacteria and rice plant growth under both paddy and upland field conditions.
  • 信濃 卓郎 科学技術コミュニケーション (9) 73 -81 2011年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Quazi Forhad Quadir, Toshihiro Watanabe, Zheng Chen, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 57 (2) 221 -232 2011年04月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The effects of root-zone temperature (RZT) on the ion uptake, distribution and interactions of 21 (11 essential and 10 non-essential) elements using Lotus japonicus were studied. After acclimation in hydroponics at ambient (25 degrees C) RZT for three weeks, seedlings were exposed to sub-optimal (15 degrees C and 20 degrees C) and ambient RZTs. After one week, plants were harvested and then growth and mineral elements were analyzed. The highest shoot and root biomass was at 25 degrees C and lowest at 15 degrees C RZT. In shoots, the highest concentrations of all elements, except for nickel (Ni), were at 25 degrees C RZT. At lower RZTs, the reductions in concentrations were more evident especially for trace elements and heavy metals. Except for magnesium (Mg), the highest root concentrations were at 15 degrees C RZT for all essential elements. Unlike other non-essential elements, the highest cadmium (Cd) and cobalt (Co) concentrations in roots were at 25 degrees C RZT. The shoot/root ratios of almost all elements were affected by sub-optimal RZTs. Only manganese (Mn) and Co showed increased shoot/root ratio at sub-optimal RZTs; and this ratio decreased for other elements. Nickel in shoots and Mn, Co and Cd in roots tended to be negatively correlated with most other elements (either, essential or non-essential) in each respective organ. The present study showed that RZT significantly changed the ion profile of L. japonicus and suggests possible connection between global warming and phyto-accumulation of heavy metals, especially in temperate regions, since most metals tended to accumulate in shoots at higher RZT.
  • 齋藤修平, 濃沼圭一, 伊東栄作, 小松敏憲, 岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎 日本草地学会誌 57 204 2011年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 52nd 342 2011年03月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 古谷あゆ美, 丸山隼人, 小島創一, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 52nd 355 2011年03月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 齋藤修平, 信濃卓郎 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集 2011 199 2011年03月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 丸山隼人, 佐々木孝行, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 52nd 355 2011年03月11日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Seishi Ikeda, Mizue Anda, Shoko Inaba, Shima Eda, Shusei Sato, Kazuhiro Sasaki, Satoshi Tabata, Hisayuki Mitsui, Tadashi Sato, Takuro Shinano, Kiwamu Minamisawa APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 77 (6) 1973 -1980 2011年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The diversities leaf-associated bacteria on nonnodulated (Nod(-)), wild-type nodulated (Nod(+)), and hypernodulated (Nod(+) (+)) soybeans were evaluated by clone library analyses of the 16S rRNA gene. To analyze the impact of nitrogen fertilization on the bacterial leaf community, soybeans were treated with standard nitrogen (SN) (15 kg N ha(-1)) or heavy nitrogen (HN) (615 kg N ha(-1)) fertilization. Under SN fertilization, the relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria was significantly higher in Nod(-) and Nod(+) (+) soybeans (82% to 96%) than in Nod(+) soybeans (54%). The community structure of leaf-associated bacteria in Nod(+) soybeans was almost unaffected by the levels of nitrogen fertilization. However, differences were visible in Nod(-) and Nod(+) (+) soybeans. HN fertilization drastically decreased the relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria in Nod(-) and Nod(+) (+) soybeans (46% to 76%) and, conversely, increased those of Gammaproteobacteria and Firmicutes in these mutant soybeans. In the Alphaproteobacteria, cluster analyses identified two operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (Aurantimonas sp. and Methylobacterium sp.) that were especially sensitive to nodulation phenotypes under SN fertilization and to nitrogen fertilization levels. Arbuscular mycorrhizal infection was not observed on the root tissues examined, presumably due to the rotation of paddy and upland fields. These results suggest that a subpopulation of leaf-associated bacteria in wild-type Nod(+) soybeans is controlled in similar ways through the systemic regulation of autoregulation of nodulation, which interferes with the impacts of N levels on the bacterial community of soybean leaves.
  • 橋床 泰之, 信濃 卓郎 Journal of Pesticide Science 36 (1) 106 -107 2011年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 橋床 泰之, 信濃 卓郎 Journal of pesticide science 36 (1) 106 -107 2011年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 加藤 邦彦, 宮地 直道, 岡崎 圭毅, 中山 尊登, 眞岡 哲夫, 信濃 卓郎, 井上 京, 家次 秀浩, 横田 岳史, 木場 稔信, 佐々木 仁, 後藤 友美, プラディープ シャルマ, 北川 勝治 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 57 (0) 296 -296 2011年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岩田幸良, 海野佑介, 清水真理子, 柳井洋介, 関口萌子, 矢崎友嗣, 波多野隆介, 信濃卓郎 土壌物理学会大会講演要旨集(CD-ROM) 53rd ROMBUNNO.P05 2011年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 加藤 邦彦, 宮地 直道, 岡崎 圭毅, 中山 尊登, 眞岡 哲夫, 信濃 卓郎, 井上 京, 家次 秀浩, 横田 岳史, 木場 稔信, 佐々木 仁, 後藤 友美, プラディープ シャルマ, 北川 勝治 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 57 (0) 296 -296 2011年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 池田 成志, 岡崎 和之, 高橋 宙之, 黒田 洋輔, 田口 和憲, 安部 英幸, 信濃 卓郎 日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集 (26) 64 -64 2010年11月23日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 26th 64 2010年11月23日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎, 海野佑介 土と微生物 64 (2) 70 -71 2010年10月01日 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    安定的な農業生産を持続するためには,資源の有効利用技術の確立が必須である。特にリン酸肥料に関しては資源であるリン鉱石の枯渇が問題となっており(Steen, 1998),我々は土壌中に残存しているリン化合物の効率的な循環利用方策の確立を目指している。特にフィチン酸に着目した研究を進めており,根圏において植物根と土壌微生物によりフィチン酸が効率的に分解される機作を明らかにするために,メタゲノム解析手法の導入に取り組んでいる。土壌微生物は極めて多様かつ多量であり,多くの土壌微生物が難培養性であることから,その全体としての機能を評価するためにメタゲノム解析は有効な手法になると考えている。遺伝子配列よって推定される機能の変動パターンが土壌の物質動態とどのように結びつくのかを明らかにすることを試みている。
  • 20th 82 2010年09月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中原 治, 石倉 究, 花田 健太郎, 竹内 史子, 高橋 正通, 永田 修, 杉戸 智子, 信濃 卓郎, 渋谷 正人, 波多野 隆介 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 56 6 -6 2010年09月07日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 堀江 亮太, 信濃 卓郎, 我妻 忠雄, 程 為国, 斉藤 和季, 及川 彰, 俵谷 圭太郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (56) 54 -54 2010年09月07日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中原 治, 石倉 究, 花田 健太郎, 竹内 史子, 高橋 正通, 永田 修, 杉戸 智子, 信濃 卓郎, 渋谷 正人, 波多野 隆介 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 56 (56) 6 -6 2010年09月07日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野 佑介, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (56) 51 -51 2010年09月07日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山本 洋子, 信濃 卓郎, 中村 卓司, 岡崎 圭毅, 泉 洋平, 佐々木 孝行 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 56 (56) 81 -81 2010年09月07日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎 圭毅, 杉川 陽一, 中辻 敏朗, 田中 福代, 岡 紀邦, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (56) 91 -91 2010年09月07日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 太平 佳菜, 海野 佑介, 岡崎 圭毅, 岡 紀邦, 小林 創平, 濃沼 圭一, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (56) 122 -122 2010年09月07日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡 紀邦, 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (56) 136 -136 2010年09月07日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 杉戸 智子, 永田 修, 小林 創平, 矢崎 友嗣, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (56) 239 -239 2010年09月07日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡 紀邦, 岡崎 圭毅, 建部 雅子, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (56) 241 -241 2010年09月07日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 坂本 健治, 海野 佑介, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (56) 244 -244 2010年09月07日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中村 考志, 渡部 敏裕, 岡崎 圭毅, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (56) 245 -245 2010年09月07日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中原治, 石倉究, 花田健太郎, 竹内史子, 高橋正通, 永田修, 杉戸智子, 信濃卓郎, 渋谷正人, 波多野隆介 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 56 6 -6 2010年09月07日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 杉戸智子, 永田修, 小林創平, 矢崎友嗣, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 56 239 2010年09月07日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 太平佳菜, 海野佑介, 岡崎圭毅, 岡紀邦, 小林創平, 濃沼圭一, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 56 (56) 122 -122 2010年09月07日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野佑介, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 56 51 2010年09月07日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎圭毅, 杉川陽一, 中辻敏朗, 田中福代, 岡紀邦, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 56 (56) 91 -91 2010年09月07日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 坂本健治, 海野佑介, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 56 (56) 244 -244 2010年09月07日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 堀江亮太, 信濃卓郎, 我妻忠雄, 程為国, 斉藤和季, 及川彰, 俵谷圭太郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 56 (56) 54 -54 2010年09月07日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山本洋子, 信濃卓郎, 中村卓司, 岡崎圭毅, 泉洋平, 佐々木孝行 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 56 81 -81 2010年09月07日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 56 136 2010年09月07日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 建部雅子, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 56 241 2010年09月07日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中村考志, 渡部敏裕, 岡崎圭毅, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 56 (56) 245 -245 2010年09月07日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Keiki Okazaki, Takuro Shinano, Norikuni Oka, Masako Takebe SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 56 (4) 591 -600 2010年08月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Organic soil amendments attract considerable attention, given their potential to promote nutrient recycling and contribute to reducing CO(2) emissions. To evaluate their effects on quality characteristics of agricultural products, we comprehensively analyzed the metabolite compositions of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) leaves and roots using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A field experiment arranged in a split-plot design investigated the effect of three levels of composted dairy manure amendments (0, 2 and 4 kg m-2; main plot) factorially combined with three levels of inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilization (0, 6 and 12 g N m-2 as ammonium sulfate; subplots) on radish metabolites. For both leaf and root metabolites, a principal component analysis was applied to all 124 metabolite peaks revealed by the GC/MS analysis. The first principal component accounted for 46.3% of the total variance and indicated a close relationship between metabolite profiles and inorganic-N (N(inorg)) application rates, whereas the second principal component, accounting for 14.6% of the total variance, pointed to a close relationship between the metabolite profiles and the manure application rates. Leaf metabolites were more sensitive to inorganic-N and manure rates than root metabolites. Amino acids in roots and leaves showed a close relationship with N(inorg) application rates, whereas the response to the level of manure was not clear. Organic acids in leaves were closely related to both N(inorg) and manure levels. With increased amounts of applied manure, the concentrations of malic acid, myo-inositol-phosphate and sucrose decreased, whereas the concentrations of shikimic acid, arabinose and L-methionine increased. The observation that radish metabolites clearly differed under different application rates of both N(inorg) and manure will prove useful in improving and distinguishing the quality of agricultural products grown using organic fertilizers.
  • Kazuhiro Sasaki, Seishi Ikeda, Shima Eda, Hisayuki Mitsui, Eiko Hanzawa, Chiharu Kisara, Yuri Kazama, Atsuhiko Kushida, Takuro Shinano, Kiwamu Minamisawa, Tadashi Sato SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 56 (4) 636 -644 2010年08月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Twenty rice cultivars, including three genetically-distinct groups (japonica, indica-1, and indica-2), were evaluated for their response to inoculation with Azospirillum sp. strain B510 in paddy fields with standard nitrogen (SN) and low nitrogen (LN) fertilization. In the SN field, the tiller numbers in most indica-2 cultivars, 37 days after transplanting (DAT), were significantly increased by the B510 inoculation, whereas those in 4 japonica cultivars were significantly decreased. A similar growth response was observed in the LN field, although the impacts of the B510 inoculation were more varied than in the SN field. At 58 DAT, the tiller numbers in most cultivars were lower or unaffected by the B510 inoculation under both SN and LN conditions, except that the tiller number of the Nipponbare cultivar, which is classified as japonica, was significantly higher in the LN field only. These results suggest that the effects of inoculation with Azospirillum sp. strain B510 on the growth of rice plants, especially on tiller numbers at the early growth stage, vary depending on the rice genotype, as well as nitrogen level. Therefore, the plant genotypes, growth stages, and fertilization managements must be considered when a plant-associated bacterium is evaluated for beneficial effects under field conditions.
  • Keiki Okazaki, Takuro Shinano, Norikuni Oka, Masako Takebe SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 56 (4) 591 -600 2010年08月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Organic soil amendments attract considerable attention, given their potential to promote nutrient recycling and contribute to reducing CO(2) emissions. To evaluate their effects on quality characteristics of agricultural products, we comprehensively analyzed the metabolite compositions of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) leaves and roots using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A field experiment arranged in a split-plot design investigated the effect of three levels of composted dairy manure amendments (0, 2 and 4 kg m-2; main plot) factorially combined with three levels of inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilization (0, 6 and 12 g N m-2 as ammonium sulfate; subplots) on radish metabolites. For both leaf and root metabolites, a principal component analysis was applied to all 124 metabolite peaks revealed by the GC/MS analysis. The first principal component accounted for 46.3% of the total variance and indicated a close relationship between metabolite profiles and inorganic-N (N(inorg)) application rates, whereas the second principal component, accounting for 14.6% of the total variance, pointed to a close relationship between the metabolite profiles and the manure application rates. Leaf metabolites were more sensitive to inorganic-N and manure rates than root metabolites. Amino acids in roots and leaves showed a close relationship with N(inorg) application rates, whereas the response to the level of manure was not clear. Organic acids in leaves were closely related to both N(inorg) and manure levels. With increased amounts of applied manure, the concentrations of malic acid, myo-inositol-phosphate and sucrose decreased, whereas the concentrations of shikimic acid, arabinose and L-methionine increased. The observation that radish metabolites clearly differed under different application rates of both N(inorg) and manure will prove useful in improving and distinguishing the quality of agricultural products grown using organic fertilizers.
  • Takuhito Nozoe, Takuro Shinano, Masaaki Tachibana, Akira Uchino PLANT PRODUCTION SCIENCE 13 (3) 314 -318 2010年07月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The effects of addition of rice straw to submerged soil on the emergence and growth of rice (Oryza saliva L.) and two paddy weeds (Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing. and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. van crus-galli) were investigated. Rice straw suppressed both the emergence and growth of transplanted plants depending on the amount of rice straw added (0%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% (w/w)) in the order of E. crus-galli > E. oryzicola > rice. The severe suppression of emergence and growth of E. crus-galli in the presence of 0.9% rice straw in hydroponic culture was thought to be due to high Fe content of the shoots. Since the difference in tolerance for the toxicity of rice straw is an important factor, the addition of organic materials into soil may help to suppress Echinochloa weeds selectively.
  • 小林創平, 安起弘, 村木正則, 唐澤敏彦, 江澤辰広, 濃沼圭一, 信濃卓郎 研究成果情報 北海道農業 2009 206 -207 2010年06月30日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡紀邦, 唐澤敏彦, 建部雅子, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎 研究成果情報 北海道農業 2009 204 -205 2010年06月30日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 小林創平, 高橋宙之, 仁平恒夫, 信濃卓郎 研究成果情報 北海道農業 2009 86 -87 2010年06月30日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Tomoko Sugito, Koji Yoshida, Masako Takebe, Takuro Shinano, Koki Toyota SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 56 (3) 390 -398 2010年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The relationship between plant phosphorus (P) uptake and soil microbial biomass phosphorus (biomass P) or available phosphorus (Truog P) was estimated in a Gleyic Andosol in Sapporo, Hokkaido, in a 4-year field trial (2004-2007). Every year, the soil was treated in duplicate (each plot 36 m2) or triplicate (each plot 24 m2) with chemical fertilizer, cow manure compost or sewage sludge compost, and then kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were planted. Pooled data of the shoot content of P at harvest over the 4 years was significantly correlated with biomass P determined 1 month after the application of fertilizer (P < 0.01). A multivariate analysis revealed that the grain yield was significantly positively correlated with the shoot content of P (P < 0.01) and significantly negatively correlated with the shoot content of calcium (P < 0.05), but not correlated with the shoot content of either nitrogen or potassium. These results suggest that P is the most limiting element to affect the productivity of kidney bean plants in this trial and that biomass P is an important P source that explains the differences in P availability among soil amendments. Biomass P is a better indicator of P availability for kidney beans grown in Gleyic Andosols compared with Truog P, which is widely used in Japan.
  • 信濃卓郎, 海野佑介 日本土壌微生物学会講演要旨集 2010 4 2010年05月21日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 牧野 周, 山谷 知行, 鎌田 淳, 落合 久美子, 小山 博之, 信濃 卓郎, 馬 建鋒, 渡部 敏裕 日本土壌肥料學雜誌 81 (2) 181 -189 2010年04月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    第4部門でのシンポジウム企画の目的を述べる前に、当該部門における部会再編の経過を説明する。第4部門では、かねてより、植物栄養学研究の進展と成果を共有したいと言う要望が多く、現在の部会編成が必ずしもその要望に答えるものではない、という意見があった。一方、一つの部会「植物の無機栄養」が極端に肥大化してしまい、一部門の年会発表総数が部門総発表数の60％を超える事態も生じていた。そんな中、2007年の東京大会では、そのような会員の要望に応えて第4部門の一会場開催も試みた。この試み概ね高い評価を受け、継続の要望も多かったが、諸般の事情により2008年の名古屋大会では継続されなかった。また、今年度の京都大会においては、会場の都合上、第4部門一会場開催は不可能となった。
  • 牧野周, 山谷知行, 鎌田淳, 落合久美子, 小山博之, 信濃卓郎, MA Jian Feng, 渡部敏裕 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 81 (2) 181 -189 2010年04月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    第4部門でのシンポジウム企画の目的を述べる前に、当該部門における部会再編の経過を説明する。第4部門では、かねてより、植物栄養学研究の進展と成果を共有したいと言う要望が多く、現在の部会編成が必ずしもその要望に答えるものではない、という意見があった。一方、一つの部会「植物の無機栄養」が極端に肥大化してしまい、一部門の年会発表総数が部門総発表数の60％を超える事態も生じていた。そんな中、2007年の東京大会では、そのような会員の要望に応えて第4部門の一会場開催も試みた。この試み概ね高い評価を受け、継続の要望も多かったが、諸般の事情により2008年の名古屋大会では継続されなかった。また、今年度の京都大会においては、会場の都合上、第4部門一会場開催は不可能となった。
  • Dai Tokuhisa, Takuro Shinano, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuya Yamamura, Mitsuru Osaki SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 56 (2) 272 -280 2010年04月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The aim of the present study was to verify the effect of inosine on plant growth. Rice (Oryza sativa L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedlings were grown in a hydroponic system with different added concentrations of inosine (0, 7.2, 72 and 373 mu mol L-1) in a greenhouse. The application of inosine improved the growth of all plant parts, particularly roots, except for soybean. The optimum inosine concentration for plant growth was 72 mu mol L-1. Furthermore, in rice, tomato and sunflower, treatment with inosine increased root length. To confirm the effect of inosine, an aseptic experiment was carried out using rice plants in a hydroponic system and using tomato in a rhizobox system with sterile soil. The positive effect of inosine was also confirmed under aseptic conditions in rice and tomato, indicating that inosine directly enhances plant growth without microbial decomposition.
  • Dai Tokuhisa, Takuro Shinano, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuya Yamamura, Mitsuru Osaki SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 56 (2) 272 -280 2010年04月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The aim of the present study was to verify the effect of inosine on plant growth. Rice (Oryza sativa L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedlings were grown in a hydroponic system with different added concentrations of inosine (0, 7.2, 72 and 373 mu mol L-1) in a greenhouse. The application of inosine improved the growth of all plant parts, particularly roots, except for soybean. The optimum inosine concentration for plant growth was 72 mu mol L-1. Furthermore, in rice, tomato and sunflower, treatment with inosine increased root length. To confirm the effect of inosine, an aseptic experiment was carried out using rice plants in a hydroponic system and using tomato in a rhizobox system with sterile soil. The positive effect of inosine was also confirmed under aseptic conditions in rice and tomato, indicating that inosine directly enhances plant growth without microbial decomposition.
  • 岡崎圭毅, 室崇人, 岡紀邦, 信濃卓郎 園芸学研究 別冊 9 (1) 338 2010年03月21日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎, 吉村誠子, KONG Fan‐Jiang, 徳竹俊二, 小松節子, 渡部敏裕, 大崎満, 和崎淳 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 51st 349 2010年03月12日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡紀邦, 唐澤敏彦, 岡崎圭毅, 建部雅子, 信濃卓郎 農林水産省農林水産技術会議事務局研究成果 (479) 495 -497 2010年02月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 岡紀邦, 建部雅子 農研機構北海道農業研究センター成果情報(Web) 2010 2010年
  • 信濃卓郎, 岡紀邦, 小松節子 農研機構北海道農業研究センター成果情報(Web) 2010 2010年
  • 信濃卓郎 農研機構北海道農業研究センター成果情報(Web) 2010 2010年
  • 杉戸智子, 信濃卓郎, 吉田光二, 建部雅子, 豊田剛己 農研機構北海道農業研究センター成果情報(Web) 2010 2010年
  • 信濃卓郎, 海野佑介 土と微生物 64 70 -71 2010年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Differences in growth suppression of rice, Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing. and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. var. crus-galli by addition of straw to paddy Soil.
    Nozoe, T, Shinano, T, Tachibana, T, Uchino, A Plant Production Science 13 (3) 314 -318 2010年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 海野 佑介 土と微生物 64 (2) 70 -71 2010年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    安定的な農業生産を持続するためには,資源の有効利用技術の確立が必須である。特にリン酸肥料に関しては資源であるリン鉱石の枯渇が問題となっており(Steen, 1998),我々は土壌中に残存しているリン化合物の効率的な循環利用方策の確立を目指している。特にフィチン酸に着目した研究を進めており,根圏において植物根と土壌微生物によりフィチン酸が効率的に分解される機作を明らかにするために,メタゲノム解析手法の導入に取り組んでいる。土壌微生物は極めて多様かつ多量であり,多くの土壌微生物が難培養性であることから,その全体としての機能を評価するためにメタゲノム解析は有効な手法になると考えている。遺伝子配列よって推定される機能の変動パターンが土壌の物質動態とどのように結びつくのかを明らかにすることを試みている。
  • 坂本 健治, 海野 佑介, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎 日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集 (25) 64 -64 2009年11月21日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • トクヒサ ダイ, 山村 卓也, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕, 横井 大輔, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 55 (55) 246 -246 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Lombardo Fabien, Miwa Hiroki, Sato Shusei, Tabata Satoshi, Chen Zheng, Watanabe Toshihiro, Shinano Takuro, Fujiwara Toru 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 55 (55) 88 -88 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 堀江 亮太, 齋藤 綾希子, 信濃 卓郎, 我妻 忠雄, 斉藤 和季, 及川 彰, 俵谷 圭太郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (55) 70 -70 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (55) 217 -217 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野 佑介, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (55) 41 -41 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡 紀邦, 岡崎 圭毅, 建部 雅子, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (55) 60 -60 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 小山 博之 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (55) 69 -69 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 丸山 隼人, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 和崎 淳, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (55) 70 -70 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 酒井 有希, 渡部 敏裕, 中村 孝志, 石川 覚, 平舘 俊太郎, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (55) 102 -102 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎 圭毅, 藤原 伸介, 藤山 正史, 岡 紀邦, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (55) 105 -105 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 杉戸 智子, 杉山 慶太, 村上 則幸, 辻 博之, 建部 雅子, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (55) 107 -107 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中村 卓司, 岡崎 圭毅, 山本 亮, 平賀 勧, 島村 聡, 信濃 卓郎, 羽鹿 牧太, 小松 節子 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 55 (55) 108 -108 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 横手 美彌, 櫻井 道彦, 榎本 匠, 信濃 卓郎, 関 一人, 岸野 正典, 佐藤 真由美, 大崎 満, 渡部 敏裕 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (55) 162 -162 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • トクヒサ ダイ, 山村 卓也, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕, 横井 大輔, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (55) 246 -246 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野 佑介, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (55) 246 -246 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 酒井有希, 渡部敏裕, 中村孝志, 石川覚, 平舘俊太郎, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 55 (55) 102 -102 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 杉戸智子, 杉山慶太, 村上則幸, 辻博之, 建部雅子, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 55 (55) 107 -107 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野佑介, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 55 (55) 41 -41 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野佑介, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 55 246 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 堀江亮太, 齋藤綾希子, 信濃卓郎, 我妻忠雄, 斉藤和季, 及川彰, 俵谷圭太郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 55 (55) 70 -70 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 55 (55) 217 -217 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎圭毅, 藤原伸介, 藤山正史, 岡紀邦, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 55 (55) 105 -105 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 横手美彌, 櫻井道彦, 榎本匠, 信濃卓郎, 関一人, 岸野正典, 佐藤真由美, 大崎満, 渡部敏裕 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 55 (55) 162 -162 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 建部雅子, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 55 (55) 60 -60 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 小山博之 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 55 69 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 丸山隼人, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 55 (55) 70 -70 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中村卓司, 岡崎圭毅, 山本亮, 平賀勧, 島村聡, 信濃卓郎, 羽鹿牧太, 小松節子 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 55 108 -108 2009年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡紀邦, 岡崎圭毅, 建部雅子, 信濃卓郎 日本植物病理学会報 75 (3) 249 2009年08月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Katsumasa Suzuki, Keiki Okazaki, Keitaro Tawaraya, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 55 (4) 505 -513 2009年08月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Components of rice root exudates were surveyed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the effect of phosphate (P) starvation was investigated. Rice seedlings were aseptically grown in controlled environments under P-supplied (+P) or P-deficient (-P) conditions. Root exudates were collected from the culture solution 4 and 8 days after treatment (D4 and D8, respectively), which contain the first and second 4-day intervals. The collected solution was lyophilized and then eluted with methanol. In the present study, primary metabolites, such as sugars, amino acids, organic acids and fatty acids, were mainly targeted. After derivatization with methoxyamine hydrochloride and N-methyl-N-trifluoroacetamide, the samples were analyzed by GC-MS. Sugars and various amino acids (such as aspartic acid and l-isoleucine) were mainly detected and the components changed with the growth stage rather than the P content in the culture solution. The relative amount of sugars (such as glucose and fructose) and amino acids (such as aspartic acid and l-isoleucine) decreased in the D8 samples. Of the 78 detected compounds, orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis (O-PLS-DA) showed that four compounds were related to the P content of the nutrient solution and 58 were related to the sampling date (days after treatment). The results suggest that the physiological change during seedling development was unexpectedly large and that the response to the environment was rather small.
  • Keiki Okazaki, Norikuni Oka, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki, Masako Takebe SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 55 (4) 496 -504 2009年08月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    To observe the effect of different forms of N, we have applied metabolic profiling using gas chromatography mass spectrometry to evaluate the metabolite composition of spinach. The aim of the present study was to find an appropriate indicator of overall metabolic response to N source. The effect of the NH4+/NO3- ratio on spinach tissue was investigated, comparing two cultivars that differed in their ability to use N. There was wide variation in NH4+/NO3- absorption without any distinct growth inhibition in either cultivar. Statistical analysis revealed that the metabolites could be broadly divided into two types, correlating either positively or negatively with NH4+ uptake in the culture solution. Principal component analysis (PCA) was an effective tool that extracted the indexes of the effect of the ratio of N forms as PCA scores. Close relationships between metabolite profiles and NH4+ uptake were observed, indicating that metabolic profiling is able to distinguish the invisible metabolic change in mature leaves of spinach and may provide a new tool for the investigation of quality features or rhizosphere nutritional condition.
  • Keiki Okazaki, Norikuni Oka, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki, Masako Takebe SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 55 (4) 496 -504 2009年08月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    To observe the effect of different forms of N, we have applied metabolic profiling using gas chromatography mass spectrometry to evaluate the metabolite composition of spinach. The aim of the present study was to find an appropriate indicator of overall metabolic response to N source. The effect of the NH4+/NO3- ratio on spinach tissue was investigated, comparing two cultivars that differed in their ability to use N. There was wide variation in NH4+/NO3- absorption without any distinct growth inhibition in either cultivar. Statistical analysis revealed that the metabolites could be broadly divided into two types, correlating either positively or negatively with NH4+ uptake in the culture solution. Principal component analysis (PCA) was an effective tool that extracted the indexes of the effect of the ratio of N forms as PCA scores. Close relationships between metabolite profiles and NH4+ uptake were observed, indicating that metabolic profiling is able to distinguish the invisible metabolic change in mature leaves of spinach and may provide a new tool for the investigation of quality features or rhizosphere nutritional condition.
  • Katsumasa Suzuki, Keiki Okazaki, Keitaro Tawaraya, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 55 (4) 505 -513 2009年08月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Components of rice root exudates were surveyed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the effect of phosphate (P) starvation was investigated. Rice seedlings were aseptically grown in controlled environments under P-supplied (+P) or P-deficient (-P) conditions. Root exudates were collected from the culture solution 4 and 8 days after treatment (D4 and D8, respectively), which contain the first and second 4-day intervals. The collected solution was lyophilized and then eluted with methanol. In the present study, primary metabolites, such as sugars, amino acids, organic acids and fatty acids, were mainly targeted. After derivatization with methoxyamine hydrochloride and N-methyl-N-trifluoroacetamide, the samples were analyzed by GC-MS. Sugars and various amino acids (such as aspartic acid and l-isoleucine) were mainly detected and the components changed with the growth stage rather than the P content in the culture solution. The relative amount of sugars (such as glucose and fructose) and amino acids (such as aspartic acid and l-isoleucine) decreased in the D8 samples. Of the 78 detected compounds, orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis (O-PLS-DA) showed that four compounds were related to the P content of the nutrient solution and 58 were related to the sampling date (days after treatment). The results suggest that the physiological change during seedling development was unexpectedly large and that the response to the environment was rather small.
  • 信濃卓郎, 岡崎圭毅, ZHENG Chen, 渡部敏裕 研究成果情報 北海道農業 2008 212 -213 2009年06月30日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎圭毅, 建部雅子, 信濃卓郎, 岡紀邦 研究成果情報 北海道農業 2008 210 -211 2009年06月30日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎 グリーンテクノ情報 5 (1) 27 -29 2009年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎 土と微生物 63 (1) 48 -49 2009年04月01日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 50th 318 2009年03月16日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Jun Wasaki, Hayato Maruyama, Miho Tanaka, Takuya Yamamura, Hiraki Dateki, Takuro Shinano, Susumu Ito, Mitsuru Osaki SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 55 (1) 107 -113 2009年02月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Secretion of acid phosphatase (APase) from the roots to take up phosphorus (P) is a well-known strategy of plants under P-deficient conditions. White lupin, which shows vigorous growth in low-P soils, is noted for its ability to secrete APase under P-deficient conditions. The APase secreted by white lupin roots is stable in soil solution and shows low substrate specificity, suggesting that genetic modification of plants using the APase gene LASAP2 might improve their ability to use organic P. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of LASAP2 transgenic plants to increase organic P utilization. Dry matter production and P accumulation were higher in LASAP2 transgenic tobacco plants grown in gel media containing soluble phytate as the sole P source than in wild-type tobacco plants. Phosphorus uptake by the transgenic plants also increased in soil culture conditions. LASAP2 was apparently more effective in the liberation of organic P, including phytate, in the soil than the native tobacco APase. Thus, the enzymatic stability of LASAP2 in the soil appears to be an important factor for P acquisition.
  • Zheng Chen, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Tatsuhiro Ezawa, Jun Wasaki, Kazuhiko Kimura, Mitsuru Osaki, Yong-Guan Zhu SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 55 (1) 91 -101 2009年02月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Lotus japonicus was used to study the distribution and interconnections of 15 elements in plant tissues, including essential and non-essential elements: boron (B), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), strontium (Sr), molybdenum (Mo), cadmium (Cd) and cesium (Cs). Large amounts of B and Ca accumulated in plant leaves, while Fe, Na, Ni, As and Cd tended to mainly occur in the roots, and Mo was the only element to accumulate in the stems. The elemental compositions within plants were severely disturbed by treatment with toxic elements. Competition between element pairs in the same group (e.g. K and Cs; Ca and Sr) was not found. Iron, Cu and Zn accumulation were induced by Cd and Ni addition. When natural variants grew in a nutrition solution with subtoxic levels of As, Cd, Cs, Ni, Mo and Sr, intriguing relationships between the elements (such as Fe, As and K; Mg and Ni; Mn and Ca) were revealed using principal-component analysis. This study on the plant ionome offers detailed information of element interactions and indicates that chemically different elements might be closely linked in uptake or translocation systems.
  • Jun Wasaki, Hayato Maruyama, Miho Tanaka, Takuya Yamamura, Hiraki Dateki, Takuro Shinano, Susumu Ito, Mitsuru Osaki SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 55 (1) 107 -113 2009年02月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Secretion of acid phosphatase (APase) from the roots to take up phosphorus (P) is a well-known strategy of plants under P-deficient conditions. White lupin, which shows vigorous growth in low-P soils, is noted for its ability to secrete APase under P-deficient conditions. The APase secreted by white lupin roots is stable in soil solution and shows low substrate specificity, suggesting that genetic modification of plants using the APase gene LASAP2 might improve their ability to use organic P. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of LASAP2 transgenic plants to increase organic P utilization. Dry matter production and P accumulation were higher in LASAP2 transgenic tobacco plants grown in gel media containing soluble phytate as the sole P source than in wild-type tobacco plants. Phosphorus uptake by the transgenic plants also increased in soil culture conditions. LASAP2 was apparently more effective in the liberation of organic P, including phytate, in the soil than the native tobacco APase. Thus, the enzymatic stability of LASAP2 in the soil appears to be an important factor for P acquisition.
  • Hasna Hena Begum, Mitsuru Osaki, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION 32 (1) 84 -96 2009年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Transgenic rice, in which C4-phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is overexpressed, was grown in hydroponic culture to evaluate its tolerance for high aluminum (Al) content in relation to organic acid synthesis and exudation into the rhizosphere. With regard to root growth in short-term experiments, PEPC-transgenic rice was more tolerant of Al than the wild type. At increased Al levels in the root medium, root tips of the transgenic rice accumulated less Al than those of the wild type. Aluminum-induced oxalate exudation from roots occurred at increased rates in the transgenic line. Overexpression of C4-PEPC drastically increased PEPC activity in leaves of the transgenic rice, causing higher organic acid concentrations in leaves and roots. The increased organic acid concentrations seemed to cause higher exudation rates of oxalate from roots, leading to a detoxification of Al in the root apoplast and rhizosphere.
  • Atsuya Sato, Toshihiro Watanabe, Yusuke Unno, Erry Purnomo, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano MICROBES AND ENVIRONMENTS 24 (2) 81 -87 2009年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The diversity of diazotrophic bacteria in the rhizosphere of Melastoma malabathricum L. was investigated by cloning-sequencing of the nifH gene directly amplified from DNA extracted from soil. Samples were obtained from the rhizosphere and bulk soil of M. malabathricum growing in three different soil types (acid sulfate, peat and sandy clay soils) located very close to each other in south Kalimantan, Indonesia. Six clone libraries were constructed, generated from bulk and rhizosphere soil samples, and 300 nifH clones were produced, then assembled into 29 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on percent identity values. Our results suggested that nifH gene diversity is mainly dependent on soil properties, and did not differ remarkably between the rhizosphere and bulk soil of M. malabathricum except in acid sulfate soil. In acid sulfate soil, as the Shannon diversity index was lower in rhizosphere than in bulk soil, it is suggested that particular bacterial species might accumulate in the rhizosphere.
  • Zheng Chen, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Keiki Okazaki, Mitsuru Osaki NEW PHYTOLOGIST 181 (4) 795 -801 2009年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Legumes are second only to cereals in their importance to humans, and study of their functional genomics of nutrition and other trace elements is crucial for agricultural production and food fortification. We describe here an ionomic screening experiment carried out to investigate the accumulation of 15 elements in shoots of mutants of Lotus japonicus, a good genetic tool for legume study. Approximately 2000 mutagenized M2 plants were cultivated in a novel low-cost high-throughput system and their elemental profiles were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). After triple-checking the element concentrations in M2 or M3 plant shoots, 31 mutants with altered elemental profiles were identified. Surprisingly, the number of genes regulating essential elements was similar to the number regulating nonessential elements. Magnesium (Mg) and nickel (Ni) were correlated in a number of mutants. Further investigation suggested that phosphorus (P) and cobalt (Co) might be involved in the ion homeostasis network of Mg and Ni. The results suggested that the pathways for element uptake or translocation were highly linked through the ion transport-related genes. Ionomics proved to be a powerful functional genomics tool for determining genes related to ion homeostasis in this study. New Phytologist (2009) 181: 795-801doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02730.x.
  • Kaur, V, Behl, R.K, Shinano, T, Osaki, M Tropics 17 (3) 225 -234 2009年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Hasna Hena Begum, Mitsuru Osaki, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION 32 (1) 84 -96 2009年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Transgenic rice, in which C4-phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is overexpressed, was grown in hydroponic culture to evaluate its tolerance for high aluminum (Al) content in relation to organic acid synthesis and exudation into the rhizosphere. With regard to root growth in short-term experiments, PEPC-transgenic rice was more tolerant of Al than the wild type. At increased Al levels in the root medium, root tips of the transgenic rice accumulated less Al than those of the wild type. Aluminum-induced oxalate exudation from roots occurred at increased rates in the transgenic line. Overexpression of C4-PEPC drastically increased PEPC activity in leaves of the transgenic rice, causing higher organic acid concentrations in leaves and roots. The increased organic acid concentrations seemed to cause higher exudation rates of oxalate from roots, leading to a detoxification of Al in the root apoplast and rhizosphere.
  • Atsuya Sato, Toshihiro Watanabe, Yusuke Unno, Erry Purnomo, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano MICROBES AND ENVIRONMENTS 24 (2) 81 -87 2009年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The diversity of diazotrophic bacteria in the rhizosphere of Melastoma malabathricum L. was investigated by cloning-sequencing of the nifH gene directly amplified from DNA extracted from soil. Samples were obtained from the rhizosphere and bulk soil of M. malabathricum growing in three different soil types (acid sulfate, peat and sandy clay soils) located very close to each other in south Kalimantan, Indonesia. Six clone libraries were constructed, generated from bulk and rhizosphere soil samples, and 300 nifH clones were produced, then assembled into 29 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on percent identity values. Our results suggested that nifH gene diversity is mainly dependent on soil properties, and did not differ remarkably between the rhizosphere and bulk soil of M. malabathricum except in acid sulfate soil. In acid sulfate soil, as the Shannon diversity index was lower in rhizosphere than in bulk soil, it is suggested that particular bacterial species might accumulate in the rhizosphere.
  • Hasna Hena Begum, Mitsuru Osaki, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION 32 (1) 84 -96 2009年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Transgenic rice, in which C4-phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is overexpressed, was grown in hydroponic culture to evaluate its tolerance for high aluminum (Al) content in relation to organic acid synthesis and exudation into the rhizosphere. With regard to root growth in short-term experiments, PEPC-transgenic rice was more tolerant of Al than the wild type. At increased Al levels in the root medium, root tips of the transgenic rice accumulated less Al than those of the wild type. Aluminum-induced oxalate exudation from roots occurred at increased rates in the transgenic line. Overexpression of C4-PEPC drastically increased PEPC activity in leaves of the transgenic rice, causing higher organic acid concentrations in leaves and roots. The increased organic acid concentrations seemed to cause higher exudation rates of oxalate from roots, leading to a detoxification of Al in the root apoplast and rhizosphere.
  • 坂本健治, 海野佑介, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎 日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集 25th (25) YOSHI64 -64 2009年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎 日本分子生物学会年会講演要旨集 32nd (Vol.1) 47 2009年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Taishi Umezawa, Tetsuya Sakurai, Yasushi Totoki, Atsushi Toyoda, Motoaki Seki, Atsushi Ishiwata, Kenji Akiyama, Atsushi Kurotani, Takuhiro Yoshida, Keiichi Mochida, Mie Kasuga, Daisuke Todaka, Kyonoshin Maruyama, Kazuo Nakashima, Akiko Enju, Saho Mizukado, Selina Ahmed, Kyoko Yoshiwara, Kyuya Harada, Yasutaka Tsubokura, Masaki Hayashi, Shusei Sato, Toyoaki Anai, Masao Ishimoto, Hideyuki Funatsuki, Masayoshi Teraishi, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano, Ryo Akashi, Yoshiyuki Sakaki, Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, Kazuo Shinozaki DNA RESEARCH 15 (6) 333 -346 2008年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    A large collection of full-length cDNAs is essential for the correct annotation of genomic sequences and for the functional analysis of genes and their products. We obtained a total of 39 936 soybean cDNA clones (GMFL01 and GMFL02 clone sets) in a full-length-enriched cDNA library which was constructed from soybean plants that were grown under various developmental and environmental conditions. Sequencing from 5' and 3' ends of the clones generated 68 661 expressed sequence tags (ESTs). The EST sequences were clustered into 22 674 scaffolds involving 2580 full-length sequences. In addition, we sequenced 4712 full-length cDNAs. After removing overlaps, we obtained 6570 new full-length sequences of soybean cDNAs so far. Our data indicated that 87.7% of the soybean cDNA clones contain complete coding sequences in addition to 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions. All of the obtained data confirmed that our collection of soybean full-length cDNAs covers a wide variety of genes. Comparative analysis between the derived sequences from soybean and Arabidopsis, rice or other legumes data revealed that some specific genes were involved in our collection and a large art of them could be annotated to unknown functions. A large set of soybean full-length cDNA clones reported in this study will serve as a useful resource for gene discovery from soybean and will also aid a precise annotation of the soybean genome.
  • Taishi Umezawa, Tetsuya Sakurai, Yasushi Totoki, Atsushi Toyoda, Motoaki Seki, Atsushi Ishiwata, Kenji Akiyama, Atsushi Kurotani, Takuhiro Yoshida, Keiichi Mochida, Mie Kasuga, Daisuke Todaka, Kyonoshin Maruyama, Kazuo Nakashima, Akiko Enju, Saho Mizukado, Selina Ahmed, Kyoko Yoshiwara, Kyuya Harada, Yasutaka Tsubokura, Masaki Hayashi, Shusei Sato, Toyoaki Anai, Masao Ishimoto, Hideyuki Funatsuki, Masayoshi Teraishi, Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano, Ryo Akashi, Yoshiyuki Sakaki, Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, Kazuo Shinozaki DNA RESEARCH 15 (6) 333 -346 2008年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    A large collection of full-length cDNAs is essential for the correct annotation of genomic sequences and for the functional analysis of genes and their products. We obtained a total of 39 936 soybean cDNA clones (GMFL01 and GMFL02 clone sets) in a full-length-enriched cDNA library which was constructed from soybean plants that were grown under various developmental and environmental conditions. Sequencing from 5' and 3' ends of the clones generated 68 661 expressed sequence tags (ESTs). The EST sequences were clustered into 22 674 scaffolds involving 2580 full-length sequences. In addition, we sequenced 4712 full-length cDNAs. After removing overlaps, we obtained 6570 new full-length sequences of soybean cDNAs so far. Our data indicated that 87.7% of the soybean cDNA clones contain complete coding sequences in addition to 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions. All of the obtained data confirmed that our collection of soybean full-length cDNAs covers a wide variety of genes. Comparative analysis between the derived sequences from soybean and Arabidopsis, rice or other legumes data revealed that some specific genes were involved in our collection and a large art of them could be annotated to unknown functions. A large set of soybean full-length cDNA clones reported in this study will serve as a useful resource for gene discovery from soybean and will also aid a precise annotation of the soybean genome.
  • 佐藤 敦哉, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕, Purnomo Erry, 大崎 満 日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集 (24) 64 -64 2008年11月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野 佑介, 信濃 卓郎 日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集 (24) 174 -174 2008年11月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野佑介, 信濃卓郎 日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集 24th 174 2008年11月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 佐藤敦哉, 信濃卓郎, 渡部敏裕, PURNOMO Erry, 大崎満 日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集 24th (24) 64 -64 2008年11月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Tokuhisa Dai, 山村 卓也, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 54 (54) 244 -244 2008年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 俵谷 圭太郎, 斎藤 綾希子, 堀江 亮太, 信濃 卓郎, 我妻 忠雄, 斉藤 和季, 及川 彰 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (54) 84 -84 2008年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野 佑介, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (54) 61 -61 2008年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 酒井 有希, 渡部 敏裕, 和崎 淳, 瀬野浦 武志, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (54) 78 -78 2008年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 丸山 隼人, 田中 美穂, 和崎 淳, 瀬野浦 武志, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 伊藤 進, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (54) 84 -84 2008年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎 淳, 西山 友, 信濃 卓郎, 伊藤 進, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (54) 94 -94 2008年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 榎本 匠, 渡部 敏裕, 岡本 美輪, 櫻井 道彦, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (54) 106 -106 2008年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 杉戸 智子, 杉山 慶太, 村上 則幸, 辻 博之, 信濃 卓郎, 建部 雅子 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (54) 109 -109 2008年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎, 岡 紀邦, 和崎 淳, 中村 卓司, 大崎 満, 建部 雅子 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 54 (54) 111 -111 2008年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡島 祥一, 中嶋 彩起子, 海野 佑介, 信濃 卓郎, Turner Benjamin L, 平舘 俊太郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (54) 243 -243 2008年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 尾山 千夏, 山村 卓也, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (54) 244 -244 2008年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Tokuhisa Dai, 山村 卓也, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (54) 244 -244 2008年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野佑介, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 54 61 2008年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 岡紀邦, 和崎淳, 中村卓司, 大崎満, 建部雅子 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 54 111 2008年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 丸山隼人, 田中美穂, 和崎淳, 瀬野浦武志, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎, 伊藤進, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 54 (54) 84 -84 2008年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎淳, 西山友, 信濃卓郎, 伊藤進, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 54 (54) 94 -94 2008年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 尾山千夏, 山村卓也, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 54 (54) 244 -244 2008年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 榎本匠, 渡部敏裕, 岡本美輪, 櫻井道彦, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 54 (54) 106 -106 2008年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 俵谷圭太郎, 斎藤綾希子, 堀江亮太, 信濃卓郎, 我妻忠雄, 斉藤和季, 及川彰 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 54 (54) 84 -84 2008年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 酒井有希, 渡部敏裕, 和崎淳, 瀬野浦武志, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 54 (54) 78 -78 2008年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 杉戸智子, 杉山慶太, 村上則幸, 辻博之, 信濃卓郎, 建部雅子 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 54 109 2008年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡島祥一, 中嶋彩起子, 海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, TURNER Benjamin L, 平舘俊太郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 54 243 2008年09月09日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎 グリーンテクノ情報 4 (2) 42 -45 2008年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Masahito Nanamori, Ryoichi Kanatani, Makoto Kihara, Kazumitsu Kawahara, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 88 (8) 1464 -1471 2008年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    BACKGROUND: Nitrogenous components have a great influence on both malt and beer qualities. Barley storage proteins are degraded during the germination process, in which amino acids and small peptides are released. Some of these compounds relate to dimethyl sulfide precursor production in the malting process. In this study, barley and malt qualities were investigated using two Japanese barley cultivars, Sukai Golden and Mikamo Golden, with several different nitrogen (N) treatments. RESULTS: Nitrogen top-dressing treatments efficiently increased N and sulfur (S) concentrations in grains. A difference in malt modification was induced by these treatments without any change in protease activity in malts. S-Methyl methionine (SMM) concentration in malt of Sukai Golden with low-N treatment was 1.8-2.1 times higher than that with higher-N treatments. Methionine concentration in malts was not significantly affected by N treatments of both cultivars, while grain S level was not consistent under any treatments. CONCLUSION: Results show that low-N treatment increases SMM concentration in malts despite major S-containing amino acids of malts being not highly affected by the difference in nutrient status of grains. Further investigations are necessary into aspects of both metabolic profiles in barley germination and SMM degradation in the kilning process. (c) 2008 Society of Chemical Industry.
  • Masahito Nanamori, Ryoichi Kanatani, Makoto Kihara, Kazumitsu Kawahara, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Toshihiro Watanabe, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 88 (8) 1464 -1471 2008年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    BACKGROUND: Nitrogenous components have a great influence on both malt and beer qualities. Barley storage proteins are degraded during the germination process, in which amino acids and small peptides are released. Some of these compounds relate to dimethyl sulfide precursor production in the malting process. In this study, barley and malt qualities were investigated using two Japanese barley cultivars, Sukai Golden and Mikamo Golden, with several different nitrogen (N) treatments. RESULTS: Nitrogen top-dressing treatments efficiently increased N and sulfur (S) concentrations in grains. A difference in malt modification was induced by these treatments without any change in protease activity in malts. S-Methyl methionine (SMM) concentration in malt of Sukai Golden with low-N treatment was 1.8-2.1 times higher than that with higher-N treatments. Methionine concentration in malts was not significantly affected by N treatments of both cultivars, while grain S level was not consistent under any treatments. CONCLUSION: Results show that low-N treatment increases SMM concentration in malts despite major S-containing amino acids of malts being not highly affected by the difference in nutrient status of grains. Further investigations are necessary into aspects of both metabolic profiles in barley germination and SMM degradation in the kilning process. (c) 2008 Society of Chemical Industry.
  • Kaur Vikender, Behl Rishi Kumar, Shinano Takuro, OSAKI Mitsuru Tropics 17 (3) 225 -234 2008年05月30日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中村卓司, 岡崎圭毅, 山本亮, 中山則和, 島村聡, 平賀勧, 信濃卓郎, 高橋秀行, 内宮博文, 小松節子 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 49th 251 2008年03月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 崔祥子, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 松浦英幸, 大崎満 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 49th 109 2008年03月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 西山友, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 伊藤進, 大崎満 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 49th 109 2008年03月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 酒井有希, 渡部敏裕, 和崎淳, 瀬野浦武志, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 49th 109 2008年03月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 丸山隼人, 和崎淳, 小島創一, KANDELER Ellen, 伊藤進, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 49th 331 2008年03月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中嶋彩起子, 岡島祥一, 海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 植物微生物研究会研究交流会講演要旨集 17th 127 -128 2008年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 植物微生物研究会研究交流会講演要旨集 17th 78 -79 2008年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Keiki Okazaki, Norikuni Oka, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki, Masako Takebe PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 49 (2) 170 -177 2008年02月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The nitrogen (N) status of a plant determines the composition of its major components (amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates and organic acids) and, directly or indirectly, affects the quality of agricultural products in terms of their calorific value and taste. Although these effects are guided by changes in metabolic pathways, no overall metabolic analysis has previously been conducted to demonstrate such effects. Here, metabolite profiling using gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to evaluate the effect of N levels on spinach tissue, comparing two cultivars that differed in their ability to use N. Wide variation in N content was observed without any distinct inhibition of growth in either cultivar. Principal component analysis (PCA) and self-organizing mapping (SOM) were undertaken to describe changes in the metabolites of mature spinach leaves. In PCA, the first component accounted for 44.5% of the total variance, the scores of which was positively correlated with the plants N content, and a close relationship between metabolite profiles and N status was observed. Both PCA and SOM revealed that metabolites could be broadly divided into two types, correlating either positively or negatively with plant N content. The simple and co-coordinated metabolic stream, containing both general and spinach-specific aspects of plant N content, will be useful in future research on such topics as the detection of environmental effects on spinach through comprehensive metabolic profiling.
  • Michihiko Sakurai, Jun Wasaki, Yuiko Tomizawa, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 54 (1) 62 -71 2008年02月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    We studied the effects of the application of organic matter (OM) and chemical fertilizer (CF) on soil alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and ALP-harboring bacterial communities in the rhizosphere and bulk soil in an experimental lettuce field in Hokkaido, Japan. The ALP activity was higher in soils with OM than in soils with CF, and activity was higher in the rhizosphere for OM than in the bulk soil. Biomass P and available P in the soil were positively related to the ALP activity of the soil. As a result, the P concentration of lettuce was higher in OM soil than in CF soil. We analyzed the ALP-harboring bacterial communities using polymerase chain reaction based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) on the ALP genes. Numerous ALP genes were detected in the DGGE profile, regardless of sampling time, fertilizer treatment or sampled soil area, which indicated a large diversity in ALP-harboring bacteria in the soil. Several ALP gene fragments were closely related to the ALP genes of Mesorhizobium loti and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The community structures of the ALP-harboring bacteria were assessed using principal component analysis of the DGGE profiles. Fertilizer treatment and sampled soil area significantly affected the community structures of ALP-harboring bacteria. As the DGGE bands contributing to the principal component were different from sampling time, it is suggested that the major bacteria harboring the ALP gene shifted. Furthermore, there was, in part, a significant correlation between ALP activity and the community structure of the ALP-harboring bacteria. These results raise the possibility that different ALP-harboring bacteria release different amounts and/or activity of ALP, and that the structure of ALP-harboring bacterial communities may play a major role in determining overall soil ALP activity.
  • Michihiko Sakurai, Jun Wasaki, Yuiko Tomizawa, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 54 (1) 62 -71 2008年02月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    We studied the effects of the application of organic matter (OM) and chemical fertilizer (CF) on soil alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and ALP-harboring bacterial communities in the rhizosphere and bulk soil in an experimental lettuce field in Hokkaido, Japan. The ALP activity was higher in soils with OM than in soils with CF, and activity was higher in the rhizosphere for OM than in the bulk soil. Biomass P and available P in the soil were positively related to the ALP activity of the soil. As a result, the P concentration of lettuce was higher in OM soil than in CF soil. We analyzed the ALP-harboring bacterial communities using polymerase chain reaction based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) on the ALP genes. Numerous ALP genes were detected in the DGGE profile, regardless of sampling time, fertilizer treatment or sampled soil area, which indicated a large diversity in ALP-harboring bacteria in the soil. Several ALP gene fragments were closely related to the ALP genes of Mesorhizobium loti and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The community structures of the ALP-harboring bacteria were assessed using principal component analysis of the DGGE profiles. Fertilizer treatment and sampled soil area significantly affected the community structures of ALP-harboring bacteria. As the DGGE bands contributing to the principal component were different from sampling time, it is suggested that the major bacteria harboring the ALP gene shifted. Furthermore, there was, in part, a significant correlation between ALP activity and the community structure of the ALP-harboring bacteria. These results raise the possibility that different ALP-harboring bacteria release different amounts and/or activity of ALP, and that the structure of ALP-harboring bacterial communities may play a major role in determining overall soil ALP activity.
  • 49 (2) 170 -177 2008年02月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 陳 正, Quadir Quazi Forhad, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 江沢 辰広, 和崎 淳, 木村 和彦, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 54 (0) 70 -70 2008年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 陳 正, Quadir Quazi Forhad, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 江沢 辰広, 和崎 淳, 木村 和彦, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 54 (0) 70 -70 2008年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎淳, 西山友, 信濃卓郎, 伊藤進, 大崎満 生化学 4P-1243 2008年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 中村卓司, 岡紀邦, 建部雅子 生化学 4S7-5 2008年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎 圭毅, 建部 雅子, 中村 卓司, 信濃 卓郎 生物工学会誌 : seibutsu-kogaku kaishi 85 (11) 482 -484 2007年11月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎圭毅, 建部雅子, 中村卓司, 信濃卓郎 生物工学会誌 85 (11) 482 -484 2007年11月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Michihiko Sakurai, Katsumasa Suzuki, Masayuki Onodera, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY 39 (11) 2777 -2784 2007年11月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    We studied the effects of the application of organic (OM) and inorganic fertilizer (CF) on soil protease activity and proteolytic bacterial communities in rhizosphere and bulk soil on an experimental lettuce field in Hokkaido, Japan. The protease activity always was higher in soils of the OM than with the CF, treatment, and also higher in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil. We analyzed proteolytic bacterial communities by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the alkaline metalloprotease (apr) and neutral metalloprotease (npr) genes. Most apr forms detected were closely related to apr of Pseudomonas fluorescens, and all npr variants closely resembled the gene of Bacillus megaterium. These results were consistent with findings from tests using cultured bacterial communities, indicating a high specificity of our PCR-DGGE for amplifying apr and npr genes. The community compositions of proteolytic bacteria were assessed by principal component analysis of the DGGE profiles. There were significant differences in the effects of CF and OM on the community compositions of apr- and npr-expressing bacteria, and the communities of the two types of bacteria played different roles in rhizosphere and bulk soil. We found significant correlations between. the protease activity and the communities of the two types of bacteria. The results indicate that different proteolytic bacteria release different amounts or activities of protease, and that the composition of proteolytic bacterial communities may play a major role in determining overall soil protease activity. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • Michihiko Sakurai, Katsumasa Suzuki, Masayuki Onodera, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY 39 (11) 2777 -2784 2007年11月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    We studied the effects of the application of organic (OM) and inorganic fertilizer (CF) on soil protease activity and proteolytic bacterial communities in rhizosphere and bulk soil on an experimental lettuce field in Hokkaido, Japan. The protease activity always was higher in soils of the OM than with the CF, treatment, and also higher in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil. We analyzed proteolytic bacterial communities by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the alkaline metalloprotease (apr) and neutral metalloprotease (npr) genes. Most apr forms detected were closely related to apr of Pseudomonas fluorescens, and all npr variants closely resembled the gene of Bacillus megaterium. These results were consistent with findings from tests using cultured bacterial communities, indicating a high specificity of our PCR-DGGE for amplifying apr and npr genes. The community compositions of proteolytic bacteria were assessed by principal component analysis of the DGGE profiles. There were significant differences in the effects of CF and OM on the community compositions of apr- and npr-expressing bacteria, and the communities of the two types of bacteria played different roles in rhizosphere and bulk soil. We found significant correlations between. the protease activity and the communities of the two types of bacteria. The results indicate that different proteolytic bacteria release different amounts or activities of protease, and that the composition of proteolytic bacterial communities may play a major role in determining overall soil protease activity. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • Michihiko Sakurai, Katsumasa Suzuki, Masayuki Onodera, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY 39 (11) 2777 -2784 2007年11月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    We studied the effects of the application of organic (OM) and inorganic fertilizer (CF) on soil protease activity and proteolytic bacterial communities in rhizosphere and bulk soil on an experimental lettuce field in Hokkaido, Japan. The protease activity always was higher in soils of the OM than with the CF, treatment, and also higher in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil. We analyzed proteolytic bacterial communities by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the alkaline metalloprotease (apr) and neutral metalloprotease (npr) genes. Most apr forms detected were closely related to apr of Pseudomonas fluorescens, and all npr variants closely resembled the gene of Bacillus megaterium. These results were consistent with findings from tests using cultured bacterial communities, indicating a high specificity of our PCR-DGGE for amplifying apr and npr genes. The community compositions of proteolytic bacteria were assessed by principal component analysis of the DGGE profiles. There were significant differences in the effects of CF and OM on the community compositions of apr- and npr-expressing bacteria, and the communities of the two types of bacteria played different roles in rhizosphere and bulk soil. We found significant correlations between. the protease activity and the communities of the two types of bacteria. The results indicate that different proteolytic bacteria release different amounts or activities of protease, and that the composition of proteolytic bacterial communities may play a major role in determining overall soil protease activity. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • 海野 佑介, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集 (23) 173 -173 2007年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集 23rd 173 2007年09月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Noureddine Benkeblia, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki METABOLOMICS 3 (3) 297 -305 2007年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    In the present study, non-aqueous fractionation (NAQF) and GC-MS were used to obtain a spatially resolved view of metabolism in mature leaves of soybean (Glycine max Merr.). NAQF of lyophilized soybean leaves was performed using CCl4-n-heptane and ultracentrifugation that yielded a gradient comprised of six fractions. Chlorophyll content, and marker enzyme activities, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and alpha-mannosidase, were utilized as stroma, cytosol and vacuole markers, respectively. GC-MS analyses of each fraction resulted in the identification of around 100 different metabolites. The distribution of these identified compounds showed a decreasing order from the vacuole to cytosol to chloroplast stroma. In other words, a greater number of identified compounds were found in the vacuole when compared to the cytosol or stroma. Levels of sugars, organic acids and fatty acids showed greater relative abundances in the vacuole with 50, 55, and 50% of the respective pools. A greater relative abundance of amino acids was observed in the cytosol where 45% of the total of amino acids content was recorded. The relatively large pool of sugars and phenolic acids in the vacuole compartment implies high levels of starch metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The low amino acids pool, on the other hand, suggests low nitrogen accumulation in the leaves of soybean. Hierarchical cluster analysis on the most abundant metabolites revealed three clusters containing 10, 20, and 2 of the 32 selected metabolites. The data were discussed in term of NAQF and GC-MS analysis of soybean mature leaves, and also in term of distribution and compartmentation of metabolites at subcellular levels.
  • Noureddine Benkeblia, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki METABOLOMICS 3 (3) 297 -305 2007年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    In the present study, non-aqueous fractionation (NAQF) and GC-MS were used to obtain a spatially resolved view of metabolism in mature leaves of soybean (Glycine max Merr.). NAQF of lyophilized soybean leaves was performed using CCl4-n-heptane and ultracentrifugation that yielded a gradient comprised of six fractions. Chlorophyll content, and marker enzyme activities, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and alpha-mannosidase, were utilized as stroma, cytosol and vacuole markers, respectively. GC-MS analyses of each fraction resulted in the identification of around 100 different metabolites. The distribution of these identified compounds showed a decreasing order from the vacuole to cytosol to chloroplast stroma. In other words, a greater number of identified compounds were found in the vacuole when compared to the cytosol or stroma. Levels of sugars, organic acids and fatty acids showed greater relative abundances in the vacuole with 50, 55, and 50% of the respective pools. A greater relative abundance of amino acids was observed in the cytosol where 45% of the total of amino acids content was recorded. The relatively large pool of sugars and phenolic acids in the vacuole compartment implies high levels of starch metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The low amino acids pool, on the other hand, suggests low nitrogen accumulation in the leaves of soybean. Hierarchical cluster analysis on the most abundant metabolites revealed three clusters containing 10, 20, and 2 of the 32 selected metabolites. The data were discussed in term of NAQF and GC-MS analysis of soybean mature leaves, and also in term of distribution and compartmentation of metabolites at subcellular levels.
  • Zheng Chen, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 江澤 辰広, 和崎 淳, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 53 (53) 87 -87 2007年08月22日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野 佑介, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 豊田 敦, 服部 正平, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (53) 41 -41 2007年08月22日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 崔 祥子, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 伊藤 進, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (53) 72 -72 2007年08月22日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Zheng Chen, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 江澤 辰広, 和崎 淳, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (53) 87 -87 2007年08月22日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎 淳, 丸山 隼人, 田中 美穂, 山村 卓也, 伊達木 啓, 信濃 卓郎, 伊藤 進, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (53) 88 -88 2007年08月22日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡本 美輪, 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 建部 雅子 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (53) 100 -100 2007年08月22日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎 圭毅, 岡 紀邦, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 建部 雅子 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (53) 104 -104 2007年08月22日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 鈴木 克昌, 徳竹 俊志, 岡崎 圭毅, 建部 雅子, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (53) 229 -229 2007年08月22日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎 圭毅, 岡 紀邦, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 建部 雅子 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (53) 229 -229 2007年08月22日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 櫻井 道彦, 富沢 ゆい子, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (53) 229 -229 2007年08月22日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 櫻井道彦, 富沢ゆい子, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 53 (53) 229 -229 2007年08月22日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎淳, 丸山隼人, 田中美穂, 山村卓也, 伊達木啓, 信濃卓郎, 伊藤進, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 53 (53) 88 -88 2007年08月22日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 崔祥子, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 伊藤進, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 53 (53) 72 -72 2007年08月22日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 鈴木克昌, 徳竹俊志, 岡崎圭毅, 建部雅子, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 53 (53) 229 -229 2007年08月22日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎圭毅, 岡紀邦, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 建部雅子 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 53 104 2007年08月22日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野佑介, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 豊田敦, 服部正平, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 53 (53) 41 -41 2007年08月22日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎圭毅, 岡紀邦, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 建部雅子 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 53 (53) 229 -229 2007年08月22日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡本美輪, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 建部雅子 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 53 (53) 100 -100 2007年08月22日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Takuya Fukuda, Akira Saito, Jun Wasaki, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki PLANT SCIENCE 172 (6) 1157 -1165 2007年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Growth inhibition caused by acid soils, especially due to P deficiency and Al stress, is a serious problem for crop production. To comprehend the adaptation mechanisms of rice plants to P deficiency and Al stress conditions, a proteomic analysis of rice roots in hydroponic cultivation was demonstrated. Four hundred and sixty-four detectable proteins spots were separated by 2D-PAGE. Fifty-six of 94 spots selected at random were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. In general, the proteomic alterations under P deficiency and Al stress conditions were similar trend, indicating that a common metabolic system is responsive to both P deficiency and Al stress. An increase in nucleotide monomer synthesis was indicated from the related proteomic alterations, which mediate the reversible reactions of the triose phosphate/pentose phosphate pool, and the oxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway under both stress conditions. Carbon flow to the TCA cycle and N assimilation were altered in proteomic level. The changes could be contributed to the complementation of TCA components from suppression of photosynthates partitioning from leaves, and partly contribute to organic acid secretion. Induction of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthetase is a significant and unique response to Al stress, suggesting that SAM is related to ethylene-mediated inhibition of root growth and/or the alteration of cell wall structures and polymers in roots. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • Takuya Fukuda, Akira Saito, Jun Wasaki, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki PLANT SCIENCE 172 (6) 1157 -1165 2007年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Growth inhibition caused by acid soils, especially due to P deficiency and Al stress, is a serious problem for crop production. To comprehend the adaptation mechanisms of rice plants to P deficiency and Al stress conditions, a proteomic analysis of rice roots in hydroponic cultivation was demonstrated. Four hundred and sixty-four detectable proteins spots were separated by 2D-PAGE. Fifty-six of 94 spots selected at random were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. In general, the proteomic alterations under P deficiency and Al stress conditions were similar trend, indicating that a common metabolic system is responsive to both P deficiency and Al stress. An increase in nucleotide monomer synthesis was indicated from the related proteomic alterations, which mediate the reversible reactions of the triose phosphate/pentose phosphate pool, and the oxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway under both stress conditions. Carbon flow to the TCA cycle and N assimilation were altered in proteomic level. The changes could be contributed to the complementation of TCA components from suppression of photosynthates partitioning from leaves, and partly contribute to organic acid secretion. Induction of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthetase is a significant and unique response to Al stress, suggesting that SAM is related to ethylene-mediated inhibition of root growth and/or the alteration of cell wall structures and polymers in roots. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • Takuya Fukuda, Akira Saito, Jun Wasaki, Takuro Shinano, Mitsuru Osaki PLANT SCIENCE 172 (6) 1157 -1165 2007年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Growth inhibition caused by acid soils, especially due to P deficiency and Al stress, is a serious problem for crop production. To comprehend the adaptation mechanisms of rice plants to P deficiency and Al stress conditions, a proteomic analysis of rice roots in hydroponic cultivation was demonstrated. Four hundred and sixty-four detectable proteins spots were separated by 2D-PAGE. Fifty-six of 94 spots selected at random were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. In general, the proteomic alterations under P deficiency and Al stress conditions were similar trend, indicating that a common metabolic system is responsive to both P deficiency and Al stress. An increase in nucleotide monomer synthesis was indicated from the related proteomic alterations, which mediate the reversible reactions of the triose phosphate/pentose phosphate pool, and the oxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway under both stress conditions. Carbon flow to the TCA cycle and N assimilation were altered in proteomic level. The changes could be contributed to the complementation of TCA components from suppression of photosynthates partitioning from leaves, and partly contribute to organic acid secretion. Induction of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthetase is a significant and unique response to Al stress, suggesting that SAM is related to ethylene-mediated inhibition of root growth and/or the alteration of cell wall structures and polymers in roots. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • 16 (3) 261 -274 2007年05月31日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 櫻井 道彦, 岡崎 圭毅 マテリアルインテグレ-ション 20 (5) 49 -54 2007年05月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎, 櫻井道彦, 岡崎圭毅, 鈴木克昌 Mater Integr 20 (5) 49 -54 2007年04月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Dhanda Satyavir Singh, Behl Rishi Kumar, Shinano Takuro, OSAKI Mitsuru Tropics 16 (2) 181 -190 2007年03月31日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 鈴木克昌, 徳竹俊志, 按田瑞恵, 岡崎圭毅, 建部雅子, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 48th 142 2007年03月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 丸山隼人, 田中美穂, 山村卓也, 信濃卓郎, 伊藤進, 和崎淳, 大崎満 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 48th 102 2007年03月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎圭毅, 岡紀邦, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 建部雅子 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 48th 336 2007年03月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中村卓司, 岡崎圭毅, 山本亮, 島村聡, 平賀勧, 信濃卓郎, 小松節子 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 48th 336 2007年03月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 西山友, 崔祥子, 信濃卓郎, 小山博之, 伊藤進, 和崎淳, 大崎満 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 48th 102 2007年03月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野佑介, 信濃卓郎, 櫻井望, 柴田大輔, 大崎満 植物微生物研究会研究交流会講演要旨集 16th (JA)43,(EN)44 2007年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎淳, 坂口淳哉, 山村卓也, 信濃卓郎, KANDELER Ellen, 大崎満 植物微生物研究会研究交流会講演要旨集 16th (JA)55,(EN)56 2007年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Pengnoo Ashara, Hashidoko Yasuyuki, Onthong Jumpen, GIMSANGUAN Sayjai, SAE-ONG Manoon, SHINANO Takuro, WATANABE Toshihiro, OSAKI Mitsuru Tropics 16 (1) 1 -7 2007年01月31日 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Various adverse soils; peat, podzolic sandy, acid sulfate and salted-affected acid sulfate soils were widely distributed throughout Southern Thailand. These soils were infertile and strongly acidic. Phosphorus fertility of these soils was low due to the low content of available phosphorus (0.31-3.70 mg kg-1) especially in podzolic sandy soil. Acid sulfate soil and salt-affected acid sulfate soil contain relatively high level of exchangeable Al (13.3 and 9.87 cmolc kg-1, respectively). However, some native plants; Melaleuca cajuputi, Melastoma malabathricum, Scleria sumatrensis and Oryza sativa grow well in these adverse soils. Since the adverse soils distributed there are phosphorus-unavailable soils. Hence, base on an idea that phosphate-solubilizing microorganism is a key factor for plant growth, such functional rhizospherous microorganisms were screened using modified Pikovskaya,s media containing 5 mg l-1 P in different phosphate forms, Al-PO4, Fe-PO4 and Na-phytate, and adjusted pH 4.0. The number of microorganisms in the rhizosphere tended to be lower than in the rhizoplane. Twelve isolates showed remarkable growth performance on these solid media. Among these selected, 5 strains were obtained from acid sulfate soil, suggesting acid sulfate soil-adapting plant is a good source of the phosphate-solubilizing microorganism.
  • Nakamura Takuii, Okazaki Keiki, Yamamoto Ryou, Shimamura Satoshi, Hiraga Susumu, Shinano Takurou, Komatsu Setsuko PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 48 S258 2007年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Su, Y, Shinano, T, Purnomo, E, Osaki, M Tropics 16 (3) 261 -274 2007年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Pengnoo, A, Hashidoko, Y, Onthong, J, Gimsanguan, S, Sae-Ong, M, Shinano, T, Watanabe, T, Osaki, M Tropics 16 (1) 1 -7 2007年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    20076
  • Takuro Shinano, Takuya Yamamoto, Keitaro Tawaraya, Masaru Tadokoro, Takayoshi Koike, Mitsuru Osaki TREE PHYSIOLOGY 27 (1) 97 -104 2007年01月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    We evaluated the response of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi Sieb. & Zucc.) to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) (689 +/- 75 ppm in 2002 and 697 +/- 90 ppm in 2003) over 2 years in a field experiment with open-top charnbers. Root activity was assessed as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake rates estimated from Successive measurements of absorbed amounts. Dry matter production of whole plants was unaffected by elevated [CO2] in the first year of treatment, but increased significantly in response to elevated [CO2] in the second year. In contrast, elevated [CO2] increased the root to shoot ratio and fine root dry mass in the first year, but not in the second year. Elevated [CO2] had no effect on tissue N, P and K concentrations. Uptake rates of N, P and K correlated with whole-plant relative growth rates, but were unaffected by growth [CO2], as was ectomycorrhizal colonization, a factor assumed to be important for nutrient uptake in trees. We conclude that improved growth of Larix kaempferi in response to elevated [CO2] is accompanied by increased root biomass, but not by increased root activity.
  • Dhanda, S.S, Behl, R.K, Shinano, T, Osaki, M Tropics 16 (2) 181 -190 2007年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 有機農業への新アプローチ
    信濃卓郎, 櫻井道彦, 岡崎圭毅, 鈴木克昌 Materials Integration 27 (50) 49 -54 2007年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Su, Y, Shinano, T, Purnomo, E, Osaki, M Tropics 16 (3) 261 -274 2007年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Pengnoo, A, Hashidoko, Y, Onthong, J, Gimsanguan, S, Sae-Ong, M, Shinano, T, Watanabe, T, Osaki, M Tropics 16 (1) 1 -7 2007年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Various adverse soils; peat, podzolic sandy, acid sulfate and salted-affected acid sulfate soils were widely distributed throughout Southern Thailand. These soils were infertile and strongly acidic. Phosphorus fertility of these soils was low due to the low content of available phosphorus (0.31-3.70 mg kg-1) especially in podzolic sandy soil. Acid sulfate soil and salt-affected acid sulfate soil contain relatively high level of exchangeable Al (13.3 and 9.87 cmolc kg-1, respectively). However, some native plants; Melaleuca cajuputi, Melastoma malabathricum, Scleria sumatrensis and Oryza sativa grow well in these adverse soils. Since the adverse soils distributed there are phosphorus-unavailable soils. Hence, base on an idea that phosphate-solubilizing microorganism is a key factor for plant growth, such functional rhizospherous microorganisms were screened using modified Pikovskaya,s media containing 5 mg l-1 P in different phosphate forms, Al-PO4, Fe-PO4 and Na-phytate, and adjusted pH 4.0. The number of microorganisms in the rhizosphere tended to be lower than in the rhizoplane. Twelve isolates showed remarkable growth performance on these solid media. Among these selected, 5 strains were obtained from acid sulfate soil, suggesting acid sulfate soil-adapting plant is a good source of the phosphate-solubilizing microorganism.
  • Takuro Shinano, Takuya Yamamoto, Keitaro Tawaraya, Masaru Tadokoro, Takayoshi Koike, Mitsuru Osaki TREE PHYSIOLOGY 27 (1) 97 -104 2007年01月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    We evaluated the response of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi Sieb. & Zucc.) to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) (689 +/- 75 ppm in 2002 and 697 +/- 90 ppm in 2003) over 2 years in a field experiment with open-top charnbers. Root activity was assessed as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake rates estimated from Successive measurements of absorbed amounts. Dry matter production of whole plants was unaffected by elevated [CO2] in the first year of treatment, but increased significantly in response to elevated [CO2] in the second year. In contrast, elevated [CO2] increased the root to shoot ratio and fine root dry mass in the first year, but not in the second year. Elevated [CO2] had no effect on tissue N, P and K concentrations. Uptake rates of N, P and K correlated with whole-plant relative growth rates, but were unaffected by growth [CO2], as was ectomycorrhizal colonization, a factor assumed to be important for nutrient uptake in trees. We conclude that improved growth of Larix kaempferi in response to elevated [CO2] is accompanied by increased root biomass, but not by increased root activity.
  • 和崎淳, CHOI Sang Ja, 信濃卓郎, 伊藤進, 大崎満 生化学 1P-1192 2007年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • T. Shinano, K. Ando, K. Okazaki, M. Osaki Photosynthetica 44 (4) 591 -598 2006年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Developmental changes of plant in the regulation of photosynthate distribution of leaves were studied in hydroponically cultivated rice by the 14CO2 tracer technique and analysis of the activity of the regulatory enzymes, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), and pyruvate kinase (PK). The distribution of primary photosynthates into sugars, amino acids, organic acids, sugar phosphates, proteins, and polysaccharides was determined by column chromatography. The relative primary photosynthate distribution to the sugar phosphate fraction was significantly larger in the 5th leaf than in the 6th one. Correspondingly, the Vmax of PEPC was significantly higher in the 5th than in the 6th leaf, while no significant differences between leaves were detected in the other enzymes. As a consequence, the ratio of the Vmax of SPS and PEPC was lower in the 5th than in the 6th leaf. As the 5th leaf develops before panicle initiation in rice, it predominantly supports vegetative growth, while the 6th leaf develops after panicle initiation and thus contributes mainly to reproductive growth. We conclude that the physiological properties of each leaf are regulated developmentally. When the 6th leaf became fully expanded (corresponding to the panicle initiation stage of plant), the distribution pattern of 14C was transiently changed in the 5 th leaf, indicating that individual organs that are mainly involved in vegetative development are affected to some extent by the whole-plant-level physiological transformation that occurs at the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive stage. © 2006 Institute of Experimental Botany, ASCR.
  • 櫻井 道彦, 鈴木 克昌, 小野寺 政行, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (52) 38 -38 2006年09月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山村 卓也, 坂口 淳哉, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (52) 71 -71 2006年09月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎 淳, 齊藤 徹, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (52) 71 -71 2006年09月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 唐澤 敏彦, 建部 雅子 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (52) 103 -103 2006年09月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 鍵下 恵太, 山村 卓也, 信濃 卓郎, 山岸 真澄, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (52) 231 -231 2006年09月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 西田 光紀, 佐藤 敦哉, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (52) 231 -231 2006年09月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 鍵下恵太, 山村卓也, 信濃卓郎, 山岸真澄, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 52 (52) 231 -231 2006年09月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山村卓也, 坂口淳哉, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 52 (52) 71 -71 2006年09月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎淳, 齊藤徹, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 52 (52) 71 -71 2006年09月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 唐澤敏彦, 建部雅子 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 52 (52) 103 -103 2006年09月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 櫻井道彦, 鈴木克昌, 小野寺政行, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 52 (52) 38 -38 2006年09月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 西田光紀, 佐藤敦哉, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 52 (52) 231 -231 2006年09月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Takuro Shinano, Motonari Osawa, Hiroshi Soejima, Mitsuru Osaki SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 52 (3) 331 -340 2006年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    To evaluate the role of cytokinin in the source-sink relationship, panicles of rice were cut from the stem at the panicle emergence stage. Xylem sap exudates were collected using the stem cut method and the cytokinin concentration in the collected sap was determined by bioassay and further analysis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The rate of cytokinin translocation from roots to shoots decreased continuously after panicle initiation, whereas, when the panicle was removed, the rate increased by up to 1.5-fold, at which time no cytokinin was found in the plants with particles. Retardation of leaf senescence was not observed and nitrogen concentration in the leaves continued to decrease after panicle removal, irrespective of cytokinin (mainly dihydrozeatin riboside and trans-zeatin riboside) level. Thus, leaf autonomy is regulated by an endogenous program of nitrogen translocation from the leaf regardless of cytokinin level in the xylem.
  • Jun Wasaki, Takuro Shinano, Kazuki Onishi, Ryoma Yonetani, Junshi Yazaki, Fumiko Fujii, Kanako Shimbo, Masahiro Ishikawa, Zempei Shimatani, Yuko Nagata, Akiko Hashimoto, Tomoya Ohta, Yuki Sato, Chikako Miyamoto, Sachiko Honda, Keiichi Kojima, Takuji Sasaki, Naoki Kishimoto, Shoshi Kikuchi, Mitsuru Osaki JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 57 (9) 2049 -2059 2006年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Plants have developed several strategies for coping with phosphorus (P) deficiency. However, the details of the regulation of gene expression of adaptations to low P are still unclear. Using a cDNA microarray, transcriptomic analyses were carried out of the rice genes regulated by P deficiency and P re-supply to P-deficient plants. The OsPI1 gene, which was isolated as the most significant up-regulated gene under -P conditions, was also the most significant down-regulated gene following P re-supply. Many starch metabolism-related genes, as well as several genes for P-i-liberating enzymes, were up-regulated by -P treatment, suggesting a homeostatic contribution to the P-i concentration in leaf tissues. mRNAs for glucanases were also induced by P re-supply: these are suspected to play a role in loosening the cell wall compounds. Most of the genes up-regulated by -P treatment were down-regulated by P re-supply, suggesting that their responses were specific to -P conditions. Conversely, the number of genes up-regulated by P re-supply was also larger following P re-supply than in the -P condition. It is proposed that the genes up-regulated by P re-supply play an important role in P acquisition by P-deficient plants.
  • Takuro Shinano, Motonari Osawa, Hiroshi Soejima, Mitsuru Osaki SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 52 (3) 331 -340 2006年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    To evaluate the role of cytokinin in the source-sink relationship, panicles of rice were cut from the stem at the panicle emergence stage. Xylem sap exudates were collected using the stem cut method and the cytokinin concentration in the collected sap was determined by bioassay and further analysis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The rate of cytokinin translocation from roots to shoots decreased continuously after panicle initiation, whereas, when the panicle was removed, the rate increased by up to 1.5-fold, at which time no cytokinin was found in the plants with particles. Retardation of leaf senescence was not observed and nitrogen concentration in the leaves continued to decrease after panicle removal, irrespective of cytokinin (mainly dihydrozeatin riboside and trans-zeatin riboside) level. Thus, leaf autonomy is regulated by an endogenous program of nitrogen translocation from the leaf regardless of cytokinin level in the xylem.
  • Jun Wasaki, Takuro Shinano, Kazuki Onishi, Ryoma Yonetani, Junshi Yazaki, Fumiko Fujii, Kanako Shimbo, Masahiro Ishikawa, Zempei Shimatani, Yuko Nagata, Akiko Hashimoto, Tomoya Ohta, Yuki Sato, Chikako Miyamoto, Sachiko Honda, Keiichi Kojima, Takuji Sasaki, Naoki Kishimoto, Shoshi Kikuchi, Mitsuru Osaki JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 57 (9) 2049 -2059 2006年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Plants have developed several strategies for coping with phosphorus (P) deficiency. However, the details of the regulation of gene expression of adaptations to low P are still unclear. Using a cDNA microarray, transcriptomic analyses were carried out of the rice genes regulated by P deficiency and P re-supply to P-deficient plants. The OsPI1 gene, which was isolated as the most significant up-regulated gene under -P conditions, was also the most significant down-regulated gene following P re-supply. Many starch metabolism-related genes, as well as several genes for P-i-liberating enzymes, were up-regulated by -P treatment, suggesting a homeostatic contribution to the P-i concentration in leaf tissues. mRNAs for glucanases were also induced by P re-supply: these are suspected to play a role in loosening the cell wall compounds. Most of the genes up-regulated by -P treatment were down-regulated by P re-supply, suggesting that their responses were specific to -P conditions. Conversely, the number of genes up-regulated by P re-supply was also larger following P re-supply than in the -P condition. It is proposed that the genes up-regulated by P re-supply play an important role in P acquisition by P-deficient plants.
  • Jun Wasaki, Takuro Shinano, Kazuki Onishi, Ryoma Yonetani, Junshi Yazaki, Fumiko Fujii, Kanako Shimbo, Masahiro Ishikawa, Zempei Shimatani, Yuko Nagata, Akiko Hashimoto, Tomoya Ohta, Yuki Sato, Chikako Miyamoto, Sachiko Honda, Keiichi Kojima, Takuji Sasaki, Naoki Kishimoto, Shoshi Kikuchi, Mitsuru Osaki JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 57 (9) 2049 -2059 2006年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Plants have developed several strategies for coping with phosphorus (P) deficiency. However, the details of the regulation of gene expression of adaptations to low P are still unclear. Using a cDNA microarray, transcriptomic analyses were carried out of the rice genes regulated by P deficiency and P re-supply to P-deficient plants. The OsPI1 gene, which was isolated as the most significant up-regulated gene under -P conditions, was also the most significant down-regulated gene following P re-supply. Many starch metabolism-related genes, as well as several genes for P-i-liberating enzymes, were up-regulated by -P treatment, suggesting a homeostatic contribution to the P-i concentration in leaf tissues. mRNAs for glucanases were also induced by P re-supply: these are suspected to play a role in loosening the cell wall compounds. Most of the genes up-regulated by -P treatment were down-regulated by P re-supply, suggesting that their responses were specific to -P conditions. Conversely, the number of genes up-regulated by P re-supply was also larger following P re-supply than in the -P condition. It is proposed that the genes up-regulated by P re-supply play an important role in P acquisition by P-deficient plants.
  • Takuro Shinano, Motonari Osawa, Hiroshi Soejima, Mitsuru Osaki SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 52 (3) 331 -340 2006年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    To evaluate the role of cytokinin in the source-sink relationship, panicles of rice were cut from the stem at the panicle emergence stage. Xylem sap exudates were collected using the stem cut method and the cytokinin concentration in the collected sap was determined by bioassay and further analysis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The rate of cytokinin translocation from roots to shoots decreased continuously after panicle initiation, whereas, when the panicle was removed, the rate increased by up to 1.5-fold, at which time no cytokinin was found in the plants with particles. Retardation of leaf senescence was not observed and nitrogen concentration in the leaves continued to decrease after panicle removal, irrespective of cytokinin (mainly dihydrozeatin riboside and trans-zeatin riboside) level. Thus, leaf autonomy is regulated by an endogenous program of nitrogen translocation from the leaf regardless of cytokinin level in the xylem.
  • (46) 106 -117 2006年03月10日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Behl Rishi Kumar, Narula Neeru, Vasudeva Manjula, SATO Atsuya, SHINANO Takuro, OSAKI Mitsuru Tropics 15 (1) 121 -133 2006年03月01日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 坂口淳哉, 和崎淳, 山村卓也, 信濃卓郎, KANDELER Ellen, 大崎満 植物微生物研究会研究交流会講演要旨集 15th (JA)96,(EN)97 2006年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 徳竹俊志, 齊藤徹, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳, 大崎満 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 47th 102 2006年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 斎藤徹, 信濃卓郎, 徳竹俊志, 和崎淳, 大崎満 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 47th 103 2006年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野佑介, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 植物微生物研究会研究交流会講演要旨集 15th (JA)98,(EN)99 2006年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 西山友, 崔祥子, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳, 大崎満 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 47th 180 2006年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎淳, 坂口淳哉, 山村卓也, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 47th 180 2006年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • T. Shinano, K. Ando, K. Okazaki, M. Osaki PHOTOSYNTHETICA 44 (4) 591 -598 2006年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Developmental changes of plant in the regulation of photosynthate distribution of leaves were studied in hydroponically cultivated rice by the (CO2)-C-14 tracer technique and analysis of the activity of the regulatory enzymes, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), and pyruvate kinase (PK). The distribution of primary photosynthates into sugars, amino acids, organic acids, sugar phosphates, proteins, and polysaccharides was determined by column chromatography. The relative primary photosynthate distribution to the sugar phosphate fraction was significantly larger in the 5(th) leaf than in the 6(th) one. Correspondingly, the V-max of PEPC was significantly higher in the 5(th) than in the 6(th) leaf, while no significant differences between leaves were detected in the other enzymes. As a consequence, the ratio of the Vmax of SPS and PEPC was lower in the 5(th) than in the 6(th) leaf. As the 5(th) leaf develops before panicle initiation in rice, it predominantly supports vegetative growth, while the 6(th) leaf develops after panicle initiation and thus contributes mainly to reproductive growth. We conclude that the physiological properties of each leaf are regulated developmentally. When the 6(th) leaf became fully expanded (corresponding to the panicle initiation stage of plant), the distribution pattern of C-14 was transiently changed in the 5(th) leaf, indicating that individual organs that are mainly involved in vegetative development are affected to some extent by the whole-plant-level physiological transformation that occurs at the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive stage.
  • Behl, R.K, Narula, N, Vasudeva, M, Sato, A, Shinano, T, Osaki, M Tropcis 15 (1) 121 -133 2006年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • HH Begum, M Osaki, M Nanamori, T Watanabe, T Shinano, IM Rao JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION 29 (1) 35 -57 2006年01月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    As Brachiaria hybrid cv. 'Mulato has adapted to acid soils with extremely low phosphorus (P) contents, its low-P-tolerance mechanisms were investigated and compared with those of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. 'Kitaake). Among the three plant species, the highest P-use efficiency (PUE) in low-P soil was recorded in the Brachiaria hybrid, which increased remarkably under P-deficiency and soil acidity, while P-deficiency had less effect on the PUE of wheat and rice. As exudation of organic acid anions from roots is considered to be one of the most important mechanisms of adaptation to low-P soil, the role of phospho enol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), which is closely related to organic acid metabolism and Pi recycling in C-3 plants, was studied. As expected, the PEPC activity of the Brachiaria hybrid (C-4 plant) leaves was 51- to 129-fold higher than that estimated for wheat and rice (both C-3 plants). PEPC activity in leaves and roots of the Brachiaria hybrid increased up to two-and three-fold, respectively, and decreased the malate-inhibition ratio in leaves in response to P-deficiency. However, PEPC activity and malate-inhibition ratio were less affected in wheat and rice under P-deficiency. The Brachiaria hybrid synthesized higher amounts of organic acids (e.g., oxalate and fumarate) in leaves, especially under P-deficiency. Results from these experiments indicate that PEPC activated in the Brachiaria hybrid under low-P and low-pH conditions may contribute to the plant's greater adaptation to tropical acid soils with P-low availability.
  • T Shinano, K Nakajima, J Wasaki, H Mori, T Zheng, M Osaki PHOTOSYNTHETICA 44 (1) 1 -10 2006年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    mRNA expression patterns of genes for metabolic key enzymes sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), pyruvate kinase, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, glutamine synthetase 1, and glutatmine synthetase 2 were investigated in leaves of rice plants grown at two nitrogen (N) supplies (N(0.5), N(3.0)). The relative gene expression patterns were similar in all leaves except for 9(th) leaf, in which mRNA levels were generally depressed. Though increased N supply prolonged the expression period of each mRNA, it did not affect the relative expression intensity of any mRNA in a given leaf. SPS V(max) SPS limiting and PEPC activities, and carbon flow were exartimed. The ratio between PEPC activity and SPS V(max) was higher in leaves developed at the vegetative growth stage (vegetative leaves: 5(th) and 7(th) leaves) than in leaves developed after the ear primordia formation stage (reproductive leaves: 9(th) and flag leaves). PEPC activity and SPS V(max) decreased with declining leaf N content. After using (14)CO(2) the (14)C photosynthate distribution in the amino acid fraction was higher in vegetative than in reproductive leaves when compared for the same leaf N status. Thus, at high PEPC/SPS activities ratio, more (14)C photosynthate was distributed to the amino acid pool, whereas at higher SPS activity more (14)C was channelled into the saccharide fraction. Thus, leaf ontooeny was an important factor controlling photosyntliate distribution to the N- or C-pool, respectively, regardless of the leaf N status.
  • Behl Rishi Kumar, Narula Neeru, Vasudeva Manjula, SATO Atsuya, SHINANO Takuro, OSAKI Mitsuru Tropics 15 (1) 121 -133 2006年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • HH Begum, M Osaki, M Nanamori, T Watanabe, T Shinano, IM Rao JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION 29 (1) 35 -57 2006年01月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    As Brachiaria hybrid cv. 'Mulato has adapted to acid soils with extremely low phosphorus (P) contents, its low-P-tolerance mechanisms were investigated and compared with those of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. 'Kitaake). Among the three plant species, the highest P-use efficiency (PUE) in low-P soil was recorded in the Brachiaria hybrid, which increased remarkably under P-deficiency and soil acidity, while P-deficiency had less effect on the PUE of wheat and rice. As exudation of organic acid anions from roots is considered to be one of the most important mechanisms of adaptation to low-P soil, the role of phospho enol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), which is closely related to organic acid metabolism and Pi recycling in C-3 plants, was studied. As expected, the PEPC activity of the Brachiaria hybrid (C-4 plant) leaves was 51- to 129-fold higher than that estimated for wheat and rice (both C-3 plants). PEPC activity in leaves and roots of the Brachiaria hybrid increased up to two-and three-fold, respectively, and decreased the malate-inhibition ratio in leaves in response to P-deficiency. However, PEPC activity and malate-inhibition ratio were less affected in wheat and rice under P-deficiency. The Brachiaria hybrid synthesized higher amounts of organic acids (e.g., oxalate and fumarate) in leaves, especially under P-deficiency. Results from these experiments indicate that PEPC activated in the Brachiaria hybrid under low-P and low-pH conditions may contribute to the plant's greater adaptation to tropical acid soils with P-low availability.
  • T Shinano, K Nakajima, J Wasaki, H Mori, T Zheng, M Osaki PHOTOSYNTHETICA 44 (1) 1 -10 2006年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    mRNA expression patterns of genes for metabolic key enzymes sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), pyruvate kinase, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, glutamine synthetase 1, and glutatmine synthetase 2 were investigated in leaves of rice plants grown at two nitrogen (N) supplies (N(0.5), N(3.0)). The relative gene expression patterns were similar in all leaves except for 9(th) leaf, in which mRNA levels were generally depressed. Though increased N supply prolonged the expression period of each mRNA, it did not affect the relative expression intensity of any mRNA in a given leaf. SPS V(max) SPS limiting and PEPC activities, and carbon flow were exartimed. The ratio between PEPC activity and SPS V(max) was higher in leaves developed at the vegetative growth stage (vegetative leaves: 5(th) and 7(th) leaves) than in leaves developed after the ear primordia formation stage (reproductive leaves: 9(th) and flag leaves). PEPC activity and SPS V(max) decreased with declining leaf N content. After using (14)CO(2) the (14)C photosynthate distribution in the amino acid fraction was higher in vegetative than in reproductive leaves when compared for the same leaf N status. Thus, at high PEPC/SPS activities ratio, more (14)C photosynthate was distributed to the amino acid pool, whereas at higher SPS activity more (14)C was channelled into the saccharide fraction. Thus, leaf ontooeny was an important factor controlling photosyntliate distribution to the N- or C-pool, respectively, regardless of the leaf N status.
  • A Saito, T Shinano, S Tokutake, J Wasaki, M Osaki PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 47 S26 -S26 2006年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • T Nishiyama, S Sai, T Shinano, J Wasaki, M Osaki PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 47 S100 -S100 2006年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • J Wasaki, J Sakaguchi, T Yamamura, T Shinano, M Osaki PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 47 S100 -S100 2006年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • S Tokutake, A Saito, T Shinano, J Wasaki, M Osaki PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 47 S26 -S26 2006年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • HH Begum, M Osaki, M Nanamori, T Watanabe, T Shinano, IM Rao JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION 29 (1) 35 -57 2006年01月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    As Brachiaria hybrid cv. 'Mulato has adapted to acid soils with extremely low phosphorus (P) contents, its low-P-tolerance mechanisms were investigated and compared with those of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. 'Kitaake). Among the three plant species, the highest P-use efficiency (PUE) in low-P soil was recorded in the Brachiaria hybrid, which increased remarkably under P-deficiency and soil acidity, while P-deficiency had less effect on the PUE of wheat and rice. As exudation of organic acid anions from roots is considered to be one of the most important mechanisms of adaptation to low-P soil, the role of phospho enol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), which is closely related to organic acid metabolism and Pi recycling in C-3 plants, was studied. As expected, the PEPC activity of the Brachiaria hybrid (C-4 plant) leaves was 51- to 129-fold higher than that estimated for wheat and rice (both C-3 plants). PEPC activity in leaves and roots of the Brachiaria hybrid increased up to two-and three-fold, respectively, and decreased the malate-inhibition ratio in leaves in response to P-deficiency. However, PEPC activity and malate-inhibition ratio were less affected in wheat and rice under P-deficiency. The Brachiaria hybrid synthesized higher amounts of organic acids (e.g., oxalate and fumarate) in leaves, especially under P-deficiency. Results from these experiments indicate that PEPC activated in the Brachiaria hybrid under low-P and low-pH conditions may contribute to the plant's greater adaptation to tropical acid soils with P-low availability.
  • 2006 11 2006年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山村卓也, 坂口淳哉, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本農芸化学会北海道支部・日本土壌肥料学会北海道支部・日本生物工学会北日本支部・日本応用糖質科学会北海道支部・北海道農芸化学協会合同学術講演会講演要旨 2006 10 2006年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎淳, 西山友, さい祥子, 黒田幸浩, 米谷竜馬, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本分子生物学会年会講演要旨集 28th 146 2005年11月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • J Wasaki, A Rothe, A Kania, G Neumann, Romheld, V, T Shinano, M Osaki, E Kandeler JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 34 (6) 2157 -2166 2005年11月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    White lupine (Lupinus albus L.) was used as a phosphorus (P)-efficient model plant to study the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations on (i) P acquisition, (ii) the related alterations in root development and rhizosphere chemistry, and (iii) the functional and structural diversity of rhizosphere microbial communities, on a P-deficient Calcareous subsoil with and without soluble P fertilization. In both +P (80 mg P kg(-1)) and -P treatments (no added P), elevated CO2 (800 mu mol mol(-1)) increased shoot biomass production by 20 to 35% and accelerated the development of cluster roots, which exhibit important functions in chemical mobilization of sparingly soluble soil P sources. Accordingly, cluster root formation was stimulated in plants without P application by 140 and 60% for ambient and elevated CO2 treatments, respectively. Intense accumulation of citrate and increased activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases, but also of chitinase, in the rhizosphere were mainly confined to later stages of cluster root development in -P treatments. Regardless of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, there was no significant effect on accumulation of citrate or on selected enzyme activities of C, N, and P cycles in the rhizosphere of individual root clusters. Discriminant analysis of selected enzyme activities revealed that mainly phosphatase and chitinase contributed to the experimental variance (81.3%) of the data. Phosphatase and chitinase activities in the rhizosphere might be dominated by the secretion from cluster roots rather than by microbial activity. Alterations in rhizosphere bacterial communities analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were related with the intense changes in root secretory activity observed during cluster root development but not with elevated CO2 concentrations.
  • J Wasaki, A Rothe, A Kania, G Neumann, Romheld, V, T Shinano, M Osaki, E Kandeler JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 34 (6) 2157 -2166 2005年11月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    White lupine (Lupinus albus L.) was used as a phosphorus (P)-efficient model plant to study the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations on (i) P acquisition, (ii) the related alterations in root development and rhizosphere chemistry, and (iii) the functional and structural diversity of rhizosphere microbial communities, on a P-deficient Calcareous subsoil with and without soluble P fertilization. In both +P (80 mg P kg(-1)) and -P treatments (no added P), elevated CO2 (800 mu mol mol(-1)) increased shoot biomass production by 20 to 35% and accelerated the development of cluster roots, which exhibit important functions in chemical mobilization of sparingly soluble soil P sources. Accordingly, cluster root formation was stimulated in plants without P application by 140 and 60% for ambient and elevated CO2 treatments, respectively. Intense accumulation of citrate and increased activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases, but also of chitinase, in the rhizosphere were mainly confined to later stages of cluster root development in -P treatments. Regardless of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, there was no significant effect on accumulation of citrate or on selected enzyme activities of C, N, and P cycles in the rhizosphere of individual root clusters. Discriminant analysis of selected enzyme activities revealed that mainly phosphatase and chitinase contributed to the experimental variance (81.3%) of the data. Phosphatase and chitinase activities in the rhizosphere might be dominated by the secretion from cluster roots rather than by microbial activity. Alterations in rhizosphere bacterial communities analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were related with the intense changes in root secretory activity observed during cluster root development but not with elevated CO2 concentrations.
  • Okazaki, K, Shinano, T, Osaki, M Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 51 (6) 835 -840 2005年10月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Short pulse-chase labeling experiments indicated that there was a considerable difference between soybean and rice in the distribution pattern of C-14 to major metabolites during a 300 s chase period. The distribution of C-14 to starch at the end of the chase period was largest in soybean but very small in rice. In rice, the distribution of C-14 to sucrose was the largest. Starch formation during the initial stages of photosynthesis implied the existence of a different mechanism of starch synthesis and utilization between soybean and rice. The relative intensity of the flow into starch increased by treatment with 2% O-2, suggesting that photorespiratory pathway may involve in the regulation of higher starch accumulation in soybean.
  • 51 (6) 835 -840 2005年10月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野 佑介, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (51) 47 -47 2005年09月06日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎 淳, 坂口 淳哉, 山村 卓也, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, Guenter Neumann, Volker Roemheld, Kandeler Ellen 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (51) 70 -70 2005年09月06日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 田中 美穂, 山村 卓也, 金子 洋平, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 松井 博和, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (51) 80 -80 2005年09月06日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 齊藤 徹, 福田 琢哉, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (51) 91 -91 2005年09月06日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 鈴木 克昌, 佐藤 敦哉, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (51) 233 -233 2005年09月06日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 秋野 京子, 齊藤 徹, 福田 琢哉, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (51) 236 -236 2005年09月06日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 田中美穂, 山村卓也, 金子洋平, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 松井博和, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 51 (51) 80 -80 2005年09月06日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野佑介, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 51 47 2005年09月06日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 鈴木克昌, 佐藤敦哉, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 51 (51) 233 -233 2005年09月06日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 斉藤徹, 福田琢哉, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 51 (51) 91 -91 2005年09月06日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 秋野京子, 斉藤徹, 福田琢哉, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 51 (51) 236 -236 2005年09月06日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎淳, 坂口淳哉, 山村卓也, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, GUENTER Neumann, VOLKER Roemheld, ELLEN Kandeler 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 51 (51) 70 -70 2005年09月06日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • HH Begum, M Osaki, T Shinano, H Miyatake, J Wasaki, T Yamamura, T Watanabe SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 51 (4) 497 -506 2005年08月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L., a C-3 plant) lines carrying a complete phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) gene from maize (a C-4 plant) were tested for their performance in terms of organic acid synthesis and organic acid exudation into the rhizosphere under phosphorus (P)-deficient conditions. High PEPC activity increased the fraction of photosynthetically fixed carbon allocated to the organic acid pool, and P deficiency enhanced oxalate exudation from the roots of the transgenic plants. There was no evidence that the transformed PEPC was involved in internal P recycling in the plant. However, the root PEPC activity was positively correlated with the oxalate exudation and negatively correlated with the root P concentration, and a higher root PEPC activity led to a higher oxalate exudation. Thus, it is suggested that C-4-PEPC transgenic rice plants had acquired the ability to exude oxalate, which enhanced their capacity to adapt to low P soil conditions.
  • HH Begum, M Osaki, T Shinano, H Miyatake, J Wasaki, T Yamamura, T Watanabe SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 51 (4) 497 -506 2005年08月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L., a C-3 plant) lines carrying a complete phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) gene from maize (a C-4 plant) were tested for their performance in terms of organic acid synthesis and organic acid exudation into the rhizosphere under phosphorus (P)-deficient conditions. High PEPC activity increased the fraction of photosynthetically fixed carbon allocated to the organic acid pool, and P deficiency enhanced oxalate exudation from the roots of the transgenic plants. There was no evidence that the transformed PEPC was involved in internal P recycling in the plant. However, the root PEPC activity was positively correlated with the oxalate exudation and negatively correlated with the root P concentration, and a higher root PEPC activity led to a higher oxalate exudation. Thus, it is suggested that C-4-PEPC transgenic rice plants had acquired the ability to exude oxalate, which enhanced their capacity to adapt to low P soil conditions.
  • HH Begum, M Osaki, T Shinano, H Miyatake, J Wasaki, T Yamamura, T Watanabe SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 51 (4) 497 -506 2005年08月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L., a C-3 plant) lines carrying a complete phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) gene from maize (a C-4 plant) were tested for their performance in terms of organic acid synthesis and organic acid exudation into the rhizosphere under phosphorus (P)-deficient conditions. High PEPC activity increased the fraction of photosynthetically fixed carbon allocated to the organic acid pool, and P deficiency enhanced oxalate exudation from the roots of the transgenic plants. There was no evidence that the transformed PEPC was involved in internal P recycling in the plant. However, the root PEPC activity was positively correlated with the oxalate exudation and negatively correlated with the root P concentration, and a higher root PEPC activity led to a higher oxalate exudation. Thus, it is suggested that C-4-PEPC transgenic rice plants had acquired the ability to exude oxalate, which enhanced their capacity to adapt to low P soil conditions.
  • P He, M Osaki, M Takebe, T Shinano, J Wasaki JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 56 (414) 1117 -1128 2005年04月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Levels of cytokinins and abscisic acid (ABA) and the expression of senescence-related genes were investigated in two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars of different senescence type, cv. P3845 (stay-green) and cv. Hokkou 55 (earlier senescent), in a field study. The delay in leaf senescence in P3845 was correlated with increased levels of chlorophyll and nitrogen and a higher photon-saturated photosynthetic rate (P-sat). Compared with the earlier senescent Hokkou 55, P3845 showed enhanced contents of cytokinins (trans-zeatin riboside, t-ZR; dihydrozeatin riboside, DHZR; isopentenyladenosine, iPA) and reduced levels of ABA in its leaves. In roots, P3845 had increased levels of t-ZR, DHZR, and ABA, but decreased concentrations of iPA. It was concluded that a higher rate of cytokinin transport from roots to leaves contributes to the delay of senescence in P3845. By contrast, the translocation of ABA from roots to shoots may be blocked in the stay-green cultivar, which also results in retarded leaf senescence. P3845 ear leaves contained more malondialdehyde (MDA) and higher catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities than Hokkou 55. Since the accumulation of the mRNAs for Rubisco small subunit (rbcS), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), and SOD peaked after Chl content and P-sat had reached their maxima, it is speculated that when leaf senescence is initiated, Chl contents decrease first, followed by the degradation of the photosynthetic apparatus and of photosynthesis-related enzymes. See1 and See2 encode senescence-related cysteine proteases; their mRNAs were most abundant in yellowing leaves, suggesting that these proteins are involved in the process of senescence rather than its initiation. mRNAs of both genes were more abundant in Hokkou 55 than in P3845, which suggests a regulation of leaf senescence at the transcriptional level.
  • P He, M Osaki, M Takebe, T Shinano, J Wasaki JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 56 (414) 1117 -1128 2005年04月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Levels of cytokinins and abscisic acid (ABA) and the expression of senescence-related genes were investigated in two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars of different senescence type, cv. P3845 (stay-green) and cv. Hokkou 55 (earlier senescent), in a field study. The delay in leaf senescence in P3845 was correlated with increased levels of chlorophyll and nitrogen and a higher photon-saturated photosynthetic rate (P-sat). Compared with the earlier senescent Hokkou 55, P3845 showed enhanced contents of cytokinins (trans-zeatin riboside, t-ZR; dihydrozeatin riboside, DHZR; isopentenyladenosine, iPA) and reduced levels of ABA in its leaves. In roots, P3845 had increased levels of t-ZR, DHZR, and ABA, but decreased concentrations of iPA. It was concluded that a higher rate of cytokinin transport from roots to leaves contributes to the delay of senescence in P3845. By contrast, the translocation of ABA from roots to shoots may be blocked in the stay-green cultivar, which also results in retarded leaf senescence. P3845 ear leaves contained more malondialdehyde (MDA) and higher catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities than Hokkou 55. Since the accumulation of the mRNAs for Rubisco small subunit (rbcS), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), and SOD peaked after Chl content and P-sat had reached their maxima, it is speculated that when leaf senescence is initiated, Chl contents decrease first, followed by the degradation of the photosynthetic apparatus and of photosynthesis-related enzymes. See1 and See2 encode senescence-related cysteine proteases; their mRNAs were most abundant in yellowing leaves, suggesting that these proteins are involved in the process of senescence rather than its initiation. mRNAs of both genes were more abundant in Hokkou 55 than in P3845, which suggests a regulation of leaf senescence at the transcriptional level.
  • P He, M Osaki, M Takebe, T Shinano, J Wasaki JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 56 (414) 1117 -1128 2005年04月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Levels of cytokinins and abscisic acid (ABA) and the expression of senescence-related genes were investigated in two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars of different senescence type, cv. P3845 (stay-green) and cv. Hokkou 55 (earlier senescent), in a field study. The delay in leaf senescence in P3845 was correlated with increased levels of chlorophyll and nitrogen and a higher photon-saturated photosynthetic rate (P-sat). Compared with the earlier senescent Hokkou 55, P3845 showed enhanced contents of cytokinins (trans-zeatin riboside, t-ZR; dihydrozeatin riboside, DHZR; isopentenyladenosine, iPA) and reduced levels of ABA in its leaves. In roots, P3845 had increased levels of t-ZR, DHZR, and ABA, but decreased concentrations of iPA. It was concluded that a higher rate of cytokinin transport from roots to leaves contributes to the delay of senescence in P3845. By contrast, the translocation of ABA from roots to shoots may be blocked in the stay-green cultivar, which also results in retarded leaf senescence. P3845 ear leaves contained more malondialdehyde (MDA) and higher catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities than Hokkou 55. Since the accumulation of the mRNAs for Rubisco small subunit (rbcS), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), and SOD peaked after Chl content and P-sat had reached their maxima, it is speculated that when leaf senescence is initiated, Chl contents decrease first, followed by the degradation of the photosynthetic apparatus and of photosynthesis-related enzymes. See1 and See2 encode senescence-related cysteine proteases; their mRNAs were most abundant in yellowing leaves, suggesting that these proteins are involved in the process of senescence rather than its initiation. mRNAs of both genes were more abundant in Hokkou 55 than in P3845, which suggests a regulation of leaf senescence at the transcriptional level.
  • 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 農林水産省農林水産技術会議事務局研究成果 (430) 49 -51 2005年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Y Unno, K Okubo, J Wasaki, T Shinano, M Osaki ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 7 (3) 396 -404 2005年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    In the rhizosphere, phosphorus (P) levels are low because of P uptake into the roots. Rhizobacteria live on carbon (C) exuded from roots, and may contribute to plant nutrition by liberating P from organic compounds such as phytates. We isolated over 300 phytate (Na-inositol hexa-phosphate; Na-IHP)-utilizing bacterial strains from the rhizosheath and the rhizoplane of Lupinus albus (L.). Almost all of the isolates were classified as Burkholderia based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Rhizosheath isolates cultured with Na-IHP as the only source of C and P showed lower P uptake at the same extracellular phytase activity than rhizoplane strains, suggesting that bacteria from the rhizosheath utilized phytate as a C source. Many isolates also utilized insoluble phytate (Al-IHP and/or Fe-IHP). In co-culture with Lotus japonicus seedlings, some isolates promoted plant growth significantly.
  • 鈴木克昌, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳, 佐藤郭哉, 大崎満 植物微生物研究会研究交流会講演要旨集 14th (JA)128,(EN)129 2005年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎淳, 黒田幸浩, さい祥子, 小山博之, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 46th 132 2005年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 秋野京子, 斉藤徹, 福田琢哉, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳, 大崎満 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 46th 330 2005年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • T Shinano, M Nanamori, M Dohi, J Wasaki, M Osaki PLANT AND SOIL 269 (1-2) 81 -87 2005年02月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Plants develop strategies to recycle phosphorus so that all organs receive adequate amounts of phosphorus, especially new growing organs. To evaluate the metabolic adaptation of rice plants under phosphorus deficient conditions, we selected several genes related to phosphorus utilization efficiency in the cell. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, triose phosphate translocator, phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator (PPT), pyruvate kinase, NAD dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and NADP dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were selected because of their important roles in phosphorus utilization by the cell, and because they are part of the proposed bypass pathways by which the cells save phosphate. The most dramatic change was observed in the expression level of PPT (which transports phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) from the cytosol into the chloroplast); thus we believe that PEP may play an important role in maintaining carbon metabolism under phosphate deficient conditions.
  • T Shinano, M Nanamori, M Dohi, J Wasaki, M Osaki PLANT AND SOIL 269 (1-2) 81 -87 2005年02月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Plants develop strategies to recycle phosphorus so that all organs receive adequate amounts of phosphorus, especially new growing organs. To evaluate the metabolic adaptation of rice plants under phosphorus deficient conditions, we selected several genes related to phosphorus utilization efficiency in the cell. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, triose phosphate translocator, phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator (PPT), pyruvate kinase, NAD dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and NADP dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were selected because of their important roles in phosphorus utilization by the cell, and because they are part of the proposed bypass pathways by which the cells save phosphate. The most dramatic change was observed in the expression level of PPT (which transports phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) from the cytosol into the chloroplast); thus we believe that PEP may play an important role in maintaining carbon metabolism under phosphate deficient conditions.
  • H Samejima, M Kondo, O Ito, T Nozoe, T Shinano, M Osaki JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION 28 (5) 835 -850 2005年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The objective of this study was to characterize the root systems of the new plant type (NPT) of tropical rice (Oryza sative (L)) lines compared with the root system of IR72, one of the elite modern varieties. Two field experiments were conducted to observe plant growth under canopy conditions in the 1997 and 1998 wet seasons. In addition, a pot experiment was conducted in the 1998 dry season to observe plant growth under isolated conditions. The root systems of the NPT lines were characterized by roots heavier than those of IR72. The larger root dry weight (DW) is attributed partly to a genetically determined high root/shoot ratio because, irrespective of growth conditions, the ratio was larger in the NPT lines than in IR72. An increase in root DW was accompanied by an increase in the length of the whole root system, including fine roots. However, despite the differences between the NPT lines and IR72 in root DW and root length, there were no significant differences in the amount of nitrogen (N) absorbed throughout the growth period. Therefore, the specific absorption rate of N per root DW (SAR(N), mg N g(-1) root DW d(-1)) was lower in the NPT lines than in IR72. We concluded that, although the root systems of the NPT lines grew prolifically, they were not necessarily more efficient in terms of N absorption compared with the root system of IR72.
  • Environmental Microbiology, 7(3), 396-404. 2005年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 「北海道大学 根圏研究グループ」
    根の研究(Root Research) 14(3). pp. 105 2005年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Okazaki, K, Shinano, T, Osaki, M Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 51 (6) 835 -840 2005年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • H Samejima, M Kondo, O Ito, T Nozoe, T Shinano, M Osaki JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION 28 (5) 835 -850 2005年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The objective of this study was to characterize the root systems of the new plant type (NPT) of tropical rice (Oryza sative (L)) lines compared with the root system of IR72, one of the elite modern varieties. Two field experiments were conducted to observe plant growth under canopy conditions in the 1997 and 1998 wet seasons. In addition, a pot experiment was conducted in the 1998 dry season to observe plant growth under isolated conditions. The root systems of the NPT lines were characterized by roots heavier than those of IR72. The larger root dry weight (DW) is attributed partly to a genetically determined high root/shoot ratio because, irrespective of growth conditions, the ratio was larger in the NPT lines than in IR72. An increase in root DW was accompanied by an increase in the length of the whole root system, including fine roots. However, despite the differences between the NPT lines and IR72 in root DW and root length, there were no significant differences in the amount of nitrogen (N) absorbed throughout the growth period. Therefore, the specific absorption rate of N per root DW (SAR(N), mg N g(-1) root DW d(-1)) was lower in the NPT lines than in IR72. We concluded that, although the root systems of the NPT lines grew prolifically, they were not necessarily more efficient in terms of N absorption compared with the root system of IR72.
  • J Wasaki, S Kuroda, S Sai, H Koyama, T Shinano, M Osaki PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 46 S57 -S57 2005年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • K Akino, A Saito, T Fukuda, T Shinano, J Wasaki, M Osaki PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 46 S249 -S249 2005年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • H Samejima, M Kondo, O Ito, T Nozoe, T Shinano, M Osaki JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION 28 (5) 835 -850 2005年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The objective of this study was to characterize the root systems of the new plant type (NPT) of tropical rice (Oryza sative (L)) lines compared with the root system of IR72, one of the elite modern varieties. Two field experiments were conducted to observe plant growth under canopy conditions in the 1997 and 1998 wet seasons. In addition, a pot experiment was conducted in the 1998 dry season to observe plant growth under isolated conditions. The root systems of the NPT lines were characterized by roots heavier than those of IR72. The larger root dry weight (DW) is attributed partly to a genetically determined high root/shoot ratio because, irrespective of growth conditions, the ratio was larger in the NPT lines than in IR72. An increase in root DW was accompanied by an increase in the length of the whole root system, including fine roots. However, despite the differences between the NPT lines and IR72 in root DW and root length, there were no significant differences in the amount of nitrogen (N) absorbed throughout the growth period. Therefore, the specific absorption rate of N per root DW (SAR(N), mg N g(-1) root DW d(-1)) was lower in the NPT lines than in IR72. We concluded that, although the root systems of the NPT lines grew prolifically, they were not necessarily more efficient in terms of N absorption compared with the root system of IR72.
  • SD Kimura, T Shinano, H Nakashima, M Osaki SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 50 (8) 1263 -1271 2004年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The growth of determinate-type and semi-determinate-type plants of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was studied at elevated (700 muL L-1) and ambient (350 muL L-1) CO2 concentrations in an open-top chamber. Successive changes in dry matter production and in the number of stems and branches were investigated. To evaluate the sink-source balance at different CO2 concentrations, (CO2)-C-13 was introduced to the leaves during the pod filling stage and the 13 C distribution profile was analyzed. In the elevated CO2 treatment, no significant differences in dry matter production were observed for the determinate-type plants, unlike in the semi-determinate-type ones, where the volume was 1.3 times bigger than those in the ambient CO2 treatment. This enhanced growth in the semi-determinate-type plants mainly involved the branches. Starch accumulation in leaves at elevated CO2 concentration was up to 200 and 300 mg glucose g DM-1 for determinate- and semi-determinate-types, respectively. Though the increased accumulation of starch under elevated CO, treatment was more pronounced in the semi-determinate-type plants, it appeared that photosyhthesis was not down-regulated. The net assimilation rate of the semi-determinate-type plants in the elevated CO2 treatment was generally higher than that in the ambient CO, treatment. The semi-determinate-type plants could take advantage of the elevated CO2 treatment for the distribution of photosynthates to branches, while in the determinate-type plants the growth of the branches could not be expanded, and consequently plant growth was not enhanced by elevated CO2 treatment.
  • LY Qu, T Shinano, AM Quoreshi, Y Tamai, M Osaki, T Koike TREE PHYSIOLOGY 24 (12) 1369 -1376 2004年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The flow of labeled carbon in ectomycorrhizal and non-ectomycorrhizal seedlings of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi Sarg.) and its F1 hybrid (Larix gmelinii Rupr. x L. kaempferi) was studied. Larch seedlings were grown in a greenhouse for 110 days with larch forest soil (FM) or Suillus grevillei (SM) inoculum, or in the absence of ectomycorrhizal fungi (NM). Shoots of colonized and NM seedlings were exposed to a pulse of (CO2)-C-14 for 1 h under natural light. Seedlings were harvested following 0, 6 and 24 h of exposure to (CO2)-C-14. At the final harvest, SM seedlings of Japanese larch and hybrid larch allocated 2.6 and 2.5% more C-14, respectively, to roots than NM seedlings. In contrast, FM seedlings of Japanese larch and hybrid larch allocated 6.5 and 18.0% more C-14, respectively, to the stem than NM seedlings. Of the total C-14 detected in needle, stem and root fractions, FM and SM seedlings allocated a greater proportion than NM seedlings, perhaps because FM and SM seedlings had significantly (P < 0.05) higher photosynthetic rates than NM seedlings. As a result, FM and SM seedlings had greater dry masses than NM seedlings. Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in FM and SM seedlings were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in NM seedlings, as was stomatal conductance.
  • SD Kimura, T Shinano, H Nakashima, M Osaki SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 50 (8) 1263 -1271 2004年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The growth of determinate-type and semi-determinate-type plants of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was studied at elevated (700 muL L-1) and ambient (350 muL L-1) CO2 concentrations in an open-top chamber. Successive changes in dry matter production and in the number of stems and branches were investigated. To evaluate the sink-source balance at different CO2 concentrations, (CO2)-C-13 was introduced to the leaves during the pod filling stage and the 13 C distribution profile was analyzed. In the elevated CO2 treatment, no significant differences in dry matter production were observed for the determinate-type plants, unlike in the semi-determinate-type ones, where the volume was 1.3 times bigger than those in the ambient CO2 treatment. This enhanced growth in the semi-determinate-type plants mainly involved the branches. Starch accumulation in leaves at elevated CO2 concentration was up to 200 and 300 mg glucose g DM-1 for determinate- and semi-determinate-types, respectively. Though the increased accumulation of starch under elevated CO, treatment was more pronounced in the semi-determinate-type plants, it appeared that photosyhthesis was not down-regulated. The net assimilation rate of the semi-determinate-type plants in the elevated CO2 treatment was generally higher than that in the ambient CO, treatment. The semi-determinate-type plants could take advantage of the elevated CO2 treatment for the distribution of photosynthates to branches, while in the determinate-type plants the growth of the branches could not be expanded, and consequently plant growth was not enhanced by elevated CO2 treatment.
  • LY Qu, T Shinano, AM Quoreshi, Y Tamai, M Osaki, T Koike TREE PHYSIOLOGY 24 (12) 1369 -1376 2004年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The flow of labeled carbon in ectomycorrhizal and non-ectomycorrhizal seedlings of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi Sarg.) and its F1 hybrid (Larix gmelinii Rupr. x L. kaempferi) was studied. Larch seedlings were grown in a greenhouse for 110 days with larch forest soil (FM) or Suillus grevillei (SM) inoculum, or in the absence of ectomycorrhizal fungi (NM). Shoots of colonized and NM seedlings were exposed to a pulse of (CO2)-C-14 for 1 h under natural light. Seedlings were harvested following 0, 6 and 24 h of exposure to (CO2)-C-14. At the final harvest, SM seedlings of Japanese larch and hybrid larch allocated 2.6 and 2.5% more C-14, respectively, to roots than NM seedlings. In contrast, FM seedlings of Japanese larch and hybrid larch allocated 6.5 and 18.0% more C-14, respectively, to the stem than NM seedlings. Of the total C-14 detected in needle, stem and root fractions, FM and SM seedlings allocated a greater proportion than NM seedlings, perhaps because FM and SM seedlings had significantly (P < 0.05) higher photosynthetic rates than NM seedlings. As a result, FM and SM seedlings had greater dry masses than NM seedlings. Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in FM and SM seedlings were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in NM seedlings, as was stomatal conductance.
  • 和崎淳, さい祥子, 大西一輝, 米谷竜馬, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本分子生物学会年会プログラム・講演要旨集 27th 832 2004年11月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 豊島 大智, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (50) 246 -246 2004年09月14日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 本間 さおり, Purnomo Erry, 橋床 泰之, 長谷川 利拡, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (50) 249 -249 2004年09月14日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山本 拓哉, 信濃 卓郎, 小池 孝良, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (50) 250 -250 2004年09月14日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 本間さおり, PURNOMO E, 橋床泰之, 長谷川利拡, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 50 (50) 249 -249 2004年09月14日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山本拓哉, 信濃卓郎, 小池孝良, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 50 (50) 250 -250 2004年09月14日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 豊島大智, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 50 (50) 246 -246 2004年09月14日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • H Samejima, M Kondo, O Ito, T Nozoe, T Shinano, H Samejima SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 50 (4) 545 -554 2004年08月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The objective of the present study was to identify the limiting factors in biomass productivity of new tropical rice lines (panicle weight type) by analyzing the relationship between root and shoot activity. Five field experiments using three new lines, IR65598-112-2, IR65600-42-5-2, and IR68544-29-2-1-3-1-2, and one of the highest-yielding indica rice varieties (panicle number type), IR72, were conducted at the International Rice Research Institute from 1997 to 2002. Specific absorption rate of N (SAR(N), mg N g(-1) root dry weight d(-1)), specific stem sap exudation rate (sap exudation rate, g exudate g(-1) root dry weight 12 h(-1)) and specific root respiratory rate (root respiratory rate, mumol O-2 g(-1) root dry weight h-1) were determined as indices of root activity. Relative growth rate (RGR, mg g(-1) d(-1)) was used as an index of shoot activity. Compared with IR72, the new lines showed lower RGR and SAR(N) values during the early growth stages. In contrast, during the late growth stages, these activities were higher in the new lines than in IR72. The SAR(N), and sap exudation rate showed a linear correlation with RGR at successive growth stages, regardless of the genotypes and growth conditions. These findings indicated that active root-shoot interaction was maintained throughout the growth period in high-yielding tropical rice, including the new lines and IR72. Therefore, it was considered that SAR(N) and the sap exudation rate are useful indices of root activity regulating RGR in the new lines. However, the root respiratory rate could not be used for selection, because the relationship between RGR and the root respiratory rate changed with the growth conditions. Our findings support the hypothesis that root and shoot activities during maturation are important factors affecting the productivity of the new lines, which have not yet been able to attain the targeted yield.
  • H Samejima, M Kondo, O Ito, T Nozoe, T Shinano, H Samejima SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 50 (4) 545 -554 2004年08月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The objective of the present study was to identify the limiting factors in biomass productivity of new tropical rice lines (panicle weight type) by analyzing the relationship between root and shoot activity. Five field experiments using three new lines, IR65598-112-2, IR65600-42-5-2, and IR68544-29-2-1-3-1-2, and one of the highest-yielding indica rice varieties (panicle number type), IR72, were conducted at the International Rice Research Institute from 1997 to 2002. Specific absorption rate of N (SAR(N), mg N g(-1) root dry weight d(-1)), specific stem sap exudation rate (sap exudation rate, g exudate g(-1) root dry weight 12 h(-1)) and specific root respiratory rate (root respiratory rate, mumol O-2 g(-1) root dry weight h-1) were determined as indices of root activity. Relative growth rate (RGR, mg g(-1) d(-1)) was used as an index of shoot activity. Compared with IR72, the new lines showed lower RGR and SAR(N) values during the early growth stages. In contrast, during the late growth stages, these activities were higher in the new lines than in IR72. The SAR(N), and sap exudation rate showed a linear correlation with RGR at successive growth stages, regardless of the genotypes and growth conditions. These findings indicated that active root-shoot interaction was maintained throughout the growth period in high-yielding tropical rice, including the new lines and IR72. Therefore, it was considered that SAR(N) and the sap exudation rate are useful indices of root activity regulating RGR in the new lines. However, the root respiratory rate could not be used for selection, because the relationship between RGR and the root respiratory rate changed with the growth conditions. Our findings support the hypothesis that root and shoot activities during maturation are important factors affecting the productivity of the new lines, which have not yet been able to attain the targeted yield.
  • A Hamada, K Yamaguchi, M Harada, S Nikumaru, J Wasaki, T Shinano, H Matsui, M Osaki, H Honda BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 68 (7) 1611 -1616 2004年07月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The acid phosphatase gene from lupin was expressed in transgenic rice plants under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter or rice chlorophyll a/b binding protein (Cab) promoter. Transgenic rice leaves exhibited up to an 18-fold increase in phytate-hydrolyzing activity. Based on the phytate-hydrolyzing activity at pH 5.5, more than 85% this activity was retained after heat-treatment at 80degreesC for 15min, and the heterologous enzyme in leaf sections and leaf extracts was relatively stable during storage. A distinct increase in released phosphate was observed when the heterologous enzyme was mixed with the feed extract. These results suggest that the heterologous enzyme in rice plants may maintain its desired characteristics as a phytate-hydrolyzing enzyme when added to animal feed.
  • A Hamada, K Yamaguchi, M Harada, S Nikumaru, J Wasaki, T Shinano, H Matsui, M Osaki, H Honda BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 68 (7) 1611 -1616 2004年07月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The acid phosphatase gene from lupin was expressed in transgenic rice plants under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter or rice chlorophyll a/b binding protein (Cab) promoter. Transgenic rice leaves exhibited up to an 18-fold increase in phytate-hydrolyzing activity. Based on the phytate-hydrolyzing activity at pH 5.5, more than 85% this activity was retained after heat-treatment at 80degreesC for 15min, and the heterologous enzyme in leaf sections and leaf extracts was relatively stable during storage. A distinct increase in released phosphate was observed when the heterologous enzyme was mixed with the feed extract. These results suggest that the heterologous enzyme in rice plants may maintain its desired characteristics as a phytate-hydrolyzing enzyme when added to animal feed.
  • 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料學雜誌 75 (3) 429 -429 2004年06月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎, 土肥真理子, 和崎淳, 大崎満 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 45th 101 2004年03月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大西一輝, 米谷竜馬, 矢崎潤史, 岸本直己, 菊池尚志, 大崎満 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 45th 101 2004年03月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 斉藤徹, 福田琢哉, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 45th 221 2004年03月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • T Yamamura, H Dateki, J Wasaki, T Shinano, M Osaki SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 50 (1) 77 -83 2004年02月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Root exudation of organic acids and acid phosphatase (APase) is important for the utilization of unavailable phosphorus (P) such as organic and sparingly soluble inorganic phosphate compounds in sewage sludge, which could become an important P source in the future, in view of the shortage of rock phosphate. Therefore, we studied a model of rhizosphere regulation, focused on the extraction of P from sewage sludge by applying APase and citric acid. By applying APase secreted from lupin roots and citric acid to sewage sludge, the amounts of organic and sparingly soluble inorganic phosphate compounds decreased and the amounts of soluble inorganic phosphates increased. These results indicate that APase and citric acid can release available inorganic phosphates from sewage sludge.
  • T Yamamura, H Dateki, J Wasaki, T Shinano, M Osaki SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 50 (1) 77 -83 2004年02月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Root exudation of organic acids and acid phosphatase (APase) is important for the utilization of unavailable phosphorus (P) such as organic and sparingly soluble inorganic phosphate compounds in sewage sludge, which could become an important P source in the future, in view of the shortage of rock phosphate. Therefore, we studied a model of rhizosphere regulation, focused on the extraction of P from sewage sludge by applying APase and citric acid. By applying APase secreted from lupin roots and citric acid to sewage sludge, the amounts of organic and sparingly soluble inorganic phosphate compounds decreased and the amounts of soluble inorganic phosphates increased. These results indicate that APase and citric acid can release available inorganic phosphates from sewage sludge.
  • M Osaki, T Shinano, M Yamada, S Yamada PHOTOSYNTHETICA 42 (1) 123 -131 2004年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Leaf-root interaction is a critical factor for plant growth during maturation and activity of roots is maintained by a sufficient supply of photosynthates. To explain photosynthate distribution among organs in field crops, the node unit hypothesis is proposed. One node unit consists of a leaf and an upper adventitous root, as well as the axillary organs and the lower adventitious, root, which is adjacent to one node. Using C-14 as tracer, the carbon distribution system has been clarified using spring wheat, soybean, tomato, and potato. The interrelationship among organs from the strongest to the weakest is in the following order: (1) within the node unit > (2) between the node unit in the same or adjacent phyllotaxy > (3) in the main root or apical organs, which are adjacent to the node unit. Within the node unit, C-14 assimilated in the leaf on the main stem tended to distribute to axillary organs in the same node unit. The C-14 assimilated in the leaf of axillary organs tended to distribute within the axillary organs, including adventitious roots in the axillary organ and then translocated to the leaf on the main leaf of the same node unit. In different organs of the node unit in the same or adjacent phyllotaxy, C-14 assimilated in the leaf on the main stem was also distributed to the organs (node unit) belonging to the same phyllotaxy in dicotyledons, while in monocotyledons, the effect of phyllotaxy on C-14 distribution was not clear. Among roots/apical organs and node unit, C-14 assimilated in the upper node unit was distributed to apical organs and C-14 assimilated in the lower node unit was distributed to roots. Thus the node unit hypothesis of photosynthate distribution among organs is very important for understanding the high productivity of field crops.
  • M Nanamori, T Shinano, J Wasaki, T Yamamura, IM Rao, M Osaki PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 45 (4) 460 -469 2004年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato is well adapted to low-fertility acid soils deficient in phosphorus (P). To study the grassy forage's mechanisms for tolerating low P supply, we compared it with rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Kitaake). We tested by using nutrient solution cultures, and quantified the effects of P deficiency on the enzymatic activities of phosphohydrolases and on carbon metabolism in P-deficient leaves. While P deficiency markedly induced activity of phosphohydrolases in both crops, the ratio of inorganic phosphorus to total P in leaves was greater in Brachiaria hybrid. Phosphorus deficiency in leaves also markedly influenced the partitioning of carbon in both crops. In the Brachiaria hybrid, compared with rice, the smaller proportion of (14)C partitioned into sugars and the larger proportion into amino acids and organic acids in leaves coincided with decreased levels of sucrose and starch. Hence, in P-deficient leaves of the Brachiaria hybrid, triose-P was metabolized into amino acids or organic acids. Results thus indicate that the Brachiaria hybrid, compared with rice, tolerates low P supply to leaves by enhancing sugar catabolism and by inducing the activity of several phosphohydrolases. This apparently causes rapid P turnover and enables the Brachiaria hybrid to use P more efficiently.
  • 書評：「光合成事典」
    日本土壌肥料学雑誌 75(3), pp. 429. 2004年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • M Osaki, T Shinano, M Yamada, S Yamada PHOTOSYNTHETICA 42 (1) 123 -131 2004年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Leaf-root interaction is a critical factor for plant growth during maturation and activity of roots is maintained by a sufficient supply of photosynthates. To explain photosynthate distribution among organs in field crops, the node unit hypothesis is proposed. One node unit consists of a leaf and an upper adventitous root, as well as the axillary organs and the lower adventitious, root, which is adjacent to one node. Using C-14 as tracer, the carbon distribution system has been clarified using spring wheat, soybean, tomato, and potato. The interrelationship among organs from the strongest to the weakest is in the following order: (1) within the node unit > (2) between the node unit in the same or adjacent phyllotaxy > (3) in the main root or apical organs, which are adjacent to the node unit. Within the node unit, C-14 assimilated in the leaf on the main stem tended to distribute to axillary organs in the same node unit. The C-14 assimilated in the leaf of axillary organs tended to distribute within the axillary organs, including adventitious roots in the axillary organ and then translocated to the leaf on the main leaf of the same node unit. In different organs of the node unit in the same or adjacent phyllotaxy, C-14 assimilated in the leaf on the main stem was also distributed to the organs (node unit) belonging to the same phyllotaxy in dicotyledons, while in monocotyledons, the effect of phyllotaxy on C-14 distribution was not clear. Among roots/apical organs and node unit, C-14 assimilated in the upper node unit was distributed to apical organs and C-14 assimilated in the lower node unit was distributed to roots. Thus the node unit hypothesis of photosynthate distribution among organs is very important for understanding the high productivity of field crops.
  • M Nanamori, T Shinano, J Wasaki, T Yamamura, IM Rao, M Osaki PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 45 (4) 460 -469 2004年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato is well adapted to low-fertility acid soils deficient in phosphorus (P). To study the grassy forage's mechanisms for tolerating low P supply, we compared it with rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Kitaake). We tested by using nutrient solution cultures, and quantified the effects of P deficiency on the enzymatic activities of phosphohydrolases and on carbon metabolism in P-deficient leaves. While P deficiency markedly induced activity of phosphohydrolases in both crops, the ratio of inorganic phosphorus to total P in leaves was greater in Brachiaria hybrid. Phosphorus deficiency in leaves also markedly influenced the partitioning of carbon in both crops. In the Brachiaria hybrid, compared with rice, the smaller proportion of (14)C partitioned into sugars and the larger proportion into amino acids and organic acids in leaves coincided with decreased levels of sucrose and starch. Hence, in P-deficient leaves of the Brachiaria hybrid, triose-P was metabolized into amino acids or organic acids. Results thus indicate that the Brachiaria hybrid, compared with rice, tolerates low P supply to leaves by enhancing sugar catabolism and by inducing the activity of several phosphohydrolases. This apparently causes rapid P turnover and enables the Brachiaria hybrid to use P more efficiently.
  • J Wasaki, T Shinano, K Onishi, R Yonetani, J Yazaki, N Kishimoto, S Kikuchi, M Osaki PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 45 S28 -S28 2004年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • T Shinano, M Dohi, J Wasaki, M Osaki PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 45 S28 -S28 2004年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 2004 32 2004年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野佑介, 大久保研蔵, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 植物微生物研究会研究交流会講演要旨集 13th (JA)69,(EN)70 2003年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎淳, ROTHE A, KANIA A, NEUMANN G, KANDELER E, ROEMHELD V, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 植物微生物研究会研究交流会講演要旨集 13th (JA)49,(EN)50 2003年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎淳, 米谷竜馬, 大西一輝, 黒田幸浩, 土肥真理子, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本分子生物学会年会プログラム・講演要旨集 26th 543 2003年11月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • J Wasaki, R Yonetani, S Kuroda, T Shinano, J Yazaki, F Fujii, K Shimbo, K Yamamoto, K Sakata, T Sasaki, N Kishimoto, S Kikuchi, M Yamagishi, M Osaki PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT 26 (9) 1515 -1523 2003年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    As most soil phosphates exist as insoluble inorganic phosphate and organic phosphates, higher plants have developed several strategies for adaptation to low phosphorus (P). These include the secretion of acid phosphatase and organic acids, induction of the inorganic phosphate ( Pi) transporter and the substitution of some enzyme activities as alternative pathways to increase P utilization efficiency. It has been proposed that plants also have a 'pho regulon' system, as observed in yeast and Escherichia coli; however, the detail of the regulation system for gene expression on P status is still unclear in plants. To investigate the alteration of gene expression of rice roots grown under P-deficient conditions, a transcriptomic analysis was conducted using a cDNA microarray on rice. Based on the changes of gene expression under a - P treatment, the up-regulation of some genes due to P deficiency was confirmed. Some new important metabolic changes are suggested, namely: (1) acceleration of carbon supply for organic acid synthesis through glycolysis; (2) alteration of lipid metabolism; (3) rearrangement of compounds for cell wall; and (4) changes of gene expression related to the response for metallic elements such as Al, Fe and Zn.
  • J Wasaki, R Yonetani, S Kuroda, T Shinano, J Yazaki, F Fujii, K Shimbo, K Yamamoto, K Sakata, T Sasaki, N Kishimoto, S Kikuchi, M Yamagishi, M Osaki PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT 26 (9) 1515 -1523 2003年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    As most soil phosphates exist as insoluble inorganic phosphate and organic phosphates, higher plants have developed several strategies for adaptation to low phosphorus (P). These include the secretion of acid phosphatase and organic acids, induction of the inorganic phosphate ( Pi) transporter and the substitution of some enzyme activities as alternative pathways to increase P utilization efficiency. It has been proposed that plants also have a 'pho regulon' system, as observed in yeast and Escherichia coli; however, the detail of the regulation system for gene expression on P status is still unclear in plants. To investigate the alteration of gene expression of rice roots grown under P-deficient conditions, a transcriptomic analysis was conducted using a cDNA microarray on rice. Based on the changes of gene expression under a - P treatment, the up-regulation of some genes due to P deficiency was confirmed. Some new important metabolic changes are suggested, namely: (1) acceleration of carbon supply for organic acid synthesis through glycolysis; (2) alteration of lipid metabolism; (3) rearrangement of compounds for cell wall; and (4) changes of gene expression related to the response for metallic elements such as Al, Fe and Zn.
  • Samejima Hiroaki, Kondo Motohiko, Ito Osamu, Nozoe Takuhito, Shinano Takuro, Osaki Mitsuru 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (49) 100 -100 2003年08月20日
  • He Ping, Osaki Mitsuru, Shinano Takuro, Takebe Masako 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (49) 234 -234 2003年08月20日
  • 鈴木 克昌, 海野 祐介, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (49) 48 -48 2003年08月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野 祐介, 信濃 卓郎, 大久保 研蔵, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (49) 48 -48 2003年08月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 鈴木 克昌, 海野 祐介, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (49) 48 -48 2003年08月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 福田 琢哉, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 和崎 淳 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (49) 85 -85 2003年08月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山村 卓也, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (49) 86 -86 2003年08月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 安藤 かおり, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (49) 93 -93 2003年08月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 太田 浩義, 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (49) 93 -93 2003年08月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 建部 雅子, 鍵下 恵太, 唐澤 敏彦, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (49) 106 -106 2003年08月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 岡崎 圭毅, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (49) 231 -231 2003年08月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 七森 理仁, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (49) 231 -231 2003年08月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 黒田 幸浩, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (49) 231 -231 2003年08月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 土肥 真理子, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (49) 232 -232 2003年08月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎, 鈴木克昌, 海野祐介, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 49 48 2003年08月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 建部雅子, 鍵下恵太, 唐沢敏彦, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 49 106 2003年08月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 太田浩義, 岡崎圭毅, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 49 93 2003年08月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 安藤かおり, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 49 93 2003年08月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 福田琢哉, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 49 85 2003年08月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 鈴木克昌, 海野祐介, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 49 48 2003年08月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山村卓也, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 49 86 2003年08月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 海野祐介, 信濃卓郎, 大久保研蔵, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 49 48 2003年08月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Behl Rishi Kumar, Osaki Mitsuru, Wasaki Jun, WATANABE Toshihiro, SHINANO Takuro Tropics 12 (4) 295 -312 2003年05月30日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • J Wasaki, R Yonetani, T Shinano, M Kai, M Osaki NEW PHYTOLOGIST 158 (2) 239 -248 2003年05月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Plants have developed several methods of adapting to conditions of low phosphorus (P). However, details of the regulation of the gene expression system that responds to P status of plants is unknown. Here, a phosphorus limitation inducible novel gene was isolated and characterized to provide further information of plant adaptation to low P. Rice plants (Oryza sativa) were grown hydroponically with or without P. A novel gene was isolated by cDNA microarray analysis and designated as OsPI1 Oryza sativa Phosphate-limitation Inducible Gene 1). mRNA accumulation was examined by Northern blot and quantitative real time PCR. The OsPI1 gene was rapidly induced by phosphate starvation in both shoots and roots. When phosphate was supplied to phosphate-deficient plants, the OsPI1 transcripts rapidly disappeared. OsPI1 cDNA consisted of 375 bp and contained several small open reading frames (ORFs). The OsPI1 gene shows the same characteristics as the TPSI1 /Mt4 family (the phosphate starvation inducible novel gene family). It is suggested that OsPI1 acts as riboregulator, that is, it binds with other molecules under phosphate starvation and regulates their function.
  • J Wasaki, R Yonetani, T Shinano, M Kai, M Osaki NEW PHYTOLOGIST 158 (2) 239 -248 2003年05月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Plants have developed several methods of adapting to conditions of low phosphorus (P). However, details of the regulation of the gene expression system that responds to P status of plants is unknown. Here, a phosphorus limitation inducible novel gene was isolated and characterized to provide further information of plant adaptation to low P. Rice plants (Oryza sativa) were grown hydroponically with or without P. A novel gene was isolated by cDNA microarray analysis and designated as OsPI1 Oryza sativa Phosphate-limitation Inducible Gene 1). mRNA accumulation was examined by Northern blot and quantitative real time PCR. The OsPI1 gene was rapidly induced by phosphate starvation in both shoots and roots. When phosphate was supplied to phosphate-deficient plants, the OsPI1 transcripts rapidly disappeared. OsPI1 cDNA consisted of 375 bp and contained several small open reading frames (ORFs). The OsPI1 gene shows the same characteristics as the TPSI1 /Mt4 family (the phosphate starvation inducible novel gene family). It is suggested that OsPI1 acts as riboregulator, that is, it binds with other molecules under phosphate starvation and regulates their function.
  • 信濃 卓郎 日本生態学会誌 53 (1) 67 -70 2003年04月30日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎 日本生態学会誌 53 (1) 67 -70 2003年04月30日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 金子洋平, 和崎淳, 中島款冬, 信濃卓郎, 伊藤浩之, 松井博和, 大崎満 日本農芸化学会大会講演要旨集 2003 136 2003年03月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • P He, M Osaki, M Takebe, T Shinano PHOTOSYNTHETICA 41 (3) 399 -405 2003年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    A field experiment was conducted to investigate the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) balance in relation to grain formation and leaf senescence in two different senescent types of maize (Zea mays L.), one stay-green (cv. P3845) and one earlier senescent (cv. Hokkou 55). In comparison with Hokkou 55, P3845 had a higher N concentration (N-c) in the leaves and a higher specific N absorption rate by roots (SAR(N)), which indicated that a large amount of N was supplied to the leaves from the roots during maturation. This resulted in a higher photosynthetic rate, which supports saccharide distribution to roots. Thus, stay-green plants maintained a more balanced C and N metabolism between shoots and roots. Moreover, the coefficients of the relationship between the relative growth rate (RGR) and N-c, and between the photon-saturated photosynthetic rate (P-sat) and N-c were lower in P3845. The P-sat per unit N-c in leaves was lower in the stay-green cultivars, which indicated that high yield was attained by longer green area duration and not by a high P-sat per unit N-c in the leaf. Consequently, a high P-sat caused a high leaf senescence rate because C and N compounds will translocate actively from the leaves.
  • Behl Rishi Kumar, Osaki Mitsuru, Wasaki Jun, WATANABE Toshihiro, SHINANO Takuro Tropics, 12(4), 295-312. (4) 295 -312 2003年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • M Osaki, S Yamada, T Ishizawa, T Watanabe, T Shinano, SJ Tuah, M Urayama PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION 58 (2) 139 -152 2003年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The P-N regression coefficient was moderate in Magnoliales, Coniferopsidae, Pteridophyta, and Asterids, but very high in Caryophyllids, and very low in Rosids. The K-N regression coefficient in trees remained constant regardless of evolution, and that in grasses was high except for Rosids compared with that in trees. The coefficient was very high in Caryophyllids and was very low in Rosids. The N-Ca and N-Mg relationship was not estimated at all, suggesting that the mechanism of Ca and Mg accumulation was completely different from that of N related accumulation. The Zn and Cu concentrations were related to the N concentration. The Al concentration in leaves was negatively correlated with the N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe concentrations, while the N, P, K, and Mn concentrations in leaves increased slightly with the increase of Al concentration in the high Al concentration. The Na concentration in leaves related negatively to the P, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn and Al concentration range. Thus, it was demonstrated that most of the minerals in leaves accumulate negatively Al and Na indicating that there are antagonistic mechanisms for mineral accumulation in leaves among Al or Na and other mineral elements.
  • M Osaki, S Yamada, T Ishizawa, T Watanabe, T Shinano, SJ Tuah, M Urayama PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION 58 (2) 139 -152 2003年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The P-N regression coefficient was moderate in Magnoliales, Coniferopsidae, Pteridophyta, and Asterids, but very high in Caryophyllids, and very low in Rosids. The K-N regression coefficient in trees remained constant regardless of evolution, and that in grasses was high except for Rosids compared with that in trees. The coefficient was very high in Caryophyllids and was very low in Rosids. The N-Ca and N-Mg relationship was not estimated at all, suggesting that the mechanism of Ca and Mg accumulation was completely different from that of N related accumulation. The Zn and Cu concentrations were related to the N concentration. The Al concentration in leaves was negatively correlated with the N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe concentrations, while the N, P, K, and Mn concentrations in leaves increased slightly with the increase of Al concentration in the high Al concentration. The Na concentration in leaves related negatively to the P, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn and Al concentration range. Thus, it was demonstrated that most of the minerals in leaves accumulate negatively Al and Na indicating that there are antagonistic mechanisms for mineral accumulation in leaves among Al or Na and other mineral elements.
  • M Osaki, T Watanabe, T Ishizawa, C Nilnond, T Nuyim, T Shinano, M Urayama, SJ Tuah PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION 58 (2) 93 -115 2003年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Acid sulfate, peat, sandy podzolic, and saline soils are widely distributed in the lowlands of Thailand and Malaysia. The nutrient concentrations in the leaves of plants grown in these type of soils were studied with the aim of developing a nutritional strategy for adapting to such problem soils. In sago and oil palms that were well-adapted to peat soil, the N, P, and K concentrations were the same in the mature leaves, while the Ca, Mg, Na, and Fe concentrations were higher in the mature leaves of the oil palm than of the sago palm. Melastoma malabathricum and Melaleuca cajuputi plants that were well-adapted to low pH soils, peat, and acid sulfate soils were also studied. It was observed that a high amount of Al accumulated in the M. marabathricum leaves, while Al did not accumulate in M. cajuputi leaves. M. cajuputi plants accumulated large amounts of Na in their leaves or stems regardless of the exchangeable Na concentration in the soil, while M. malabathricum that was growing in saline-affected soils excluded Na. Positive relationships between macronutrients were recognized between P and N, between K and N, and between P and K. Al showed antagonistic relationships with P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Na. Na also showed antagonistic relationships with P, K, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Al. Fe showed weak antagonistic relationships with Zn, Mn, Cu, and Al.
  • J Wasaki, T Yamamura, T Shinano, M Osaki PLANT AND SOIL 248 (1-2) 129 -136 2003年01月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The roots of white lupin (Lupinus albus L. cv. Kievskij mutant) secrete acid phosphatase, S-APase, when they grow under conditions of low available phosphorus (P). S-APases hydrolyze organic phosphate compounds in the rhizosphere and supply inorganic phosphate to the plants. Low phosphorus availability also induces vigorous growth of cluster roots. In this study, the function of cluster roots was investigated with reference to S-APase secretion. White lupins were grown in hydroponic culture in a greenhouse under P-deficient and P-sufficient conditions. S-APase in the excised roots after treatment was detected by staining with 4-methylumbelliferone phosphate (MUP). Gene expression of S-APase in cluster and normal roots was also investigated. Activity was greatest in the roots of plants grown under conditions of P -deficiency, particularly in cluster roots. S-APase gene expression was induced by a decrease in internal P concentrations, and was especially high in cluster roots formed under conditions of P -deficiency. It was suggested that decrease of internal P concentration stimulated both of the S-APase expression and cluster root formation.
  • Japanese Journal of Ecology 53(1), 67-70 2003年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • P He, M Osaki, M Takebe, T Shinano PHOTOSYNTHETICA 41 (3) 399 -405 2003年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    A field experiment was conducted to investigate the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) balance in relation to grain formation and leaf senescence in two different senescent types of maize (Zea mays L.), one stay-green (cv. P3845) and one earlier senescent (cv. Hokkou 55). In comparison with Hokkou 55, P3845 had a higher N concentration (N-c) in the leaves and a higher specific N absorption rate by roots (SAR(N)), which indicated that a large amount of N was supplied to the leaves from the roots during maturation. This resulted in a higher photosynthetic rate, which supports saccharide distribution to roots. Thus, stay-green plants maintained a more balanced C and N metabolism between shoots and roots. Moreover, the coefficients of the relationship between the relative growth rate (RGR) and N-c, and between the photon-saturated photosynthetic rate (P-sat) and N-c were lower in P3845. The P-sat per unit N-c in leaves was lower in the stay-green cultivars, which indicated that high yield was attained by longer green area duration and not by a high P-sat per unit N-c in the leaf. Consequently, a high P-sat caused a high leaf senescence rate because C and N compounds will translocate actively from the leaves.
  • Tropics, 12(4), 295-312. 2003年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • M Osaki, S Yamada, T Ishizawa, T Watanabe, T Shinano, SJ Tuah, M Urayama PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION 58 (2) 139 -152 2003年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The P-N regression coefficient was moderate in Magnoliales, Coniferopsidae, Pteridophyta, and Asterids, but very high in Caryophyllids, and very low in Rosids. The K-N regression coefficient in trees remained constant regardless of evolution, and that in grasses was high except for Rosids compared with that in trees. The coefficient was very high in Caryophyllids and was very low in Rosids. The N-Ca and N-Mg relationship was not estimated at all, suggesting that the mechanism of Ca and Mg accumulation was completely different from that of N related accumulation. The Zn and Cu concentrations were related to the N concentration. The Al concentration in leaves was negatively correlated with the N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe concentrations, while the N, P, K, and Mn concentrations in leaves increased slightly with the increase of Al concentration in the high Al concentration. The Na concentration in leaves related negatively to the P, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn and Al concentration range. Thus, it was demonstrated that most of the minerals in leaves accumulate negatively Al and Na indicating that there are antagonistic mechanisms for mineral accumulation in leaves among Al or Na and other mineral elements.
  • M Osaki, S Yamada, T Ishizawa, T Watanabe, T Shinano, M Urayama PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION 58 (2) 117 -137 2003年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The objective of this research was to analyze selected minerals in leaves of plants, belonging to 166 species growing in alluvial, low pH, brown forest and serpentine soils. Mineral characteristics of the soils involved were also determined. For the macronutrients, in trees grown in alluvial soil, N, P, Ca, and Mg concentrations of leaves were higher in recently evolved plants than in plants with a longer period of evolution; K concentration remained constant regardless of evolution. In grasses grown in alluvial soil, it was difficult to detect the general tendency of mineral concentration. N, P, and K concentrations in alluvial soil were closely related to those in low pH and serpentine soils. Ca concentration in alluvial soil was lower than that in low pH and serpentine soils. Mg concentration in alluvial soils was higher than that in low pH soils, while lower than that in serpentine soil. Therefore, N, P, and K accumulated according to the plant characteristics for these elements, while Ca and Mg accumulation was strongly affected by the soil properties. For the micronutrients, in trees, Fe and Mn remained constant regardless of evolution; Zn concentration was lower in recently-evolved plants than in plants with a longer period of evolution. In grasses, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations in Caryophyllids were high. Except for Caryophyllids, Fe and Cu concentrations remained constant, Mn concentration decreased with evolution, Zn concentration was higher in recently-evolved plants than in plants with a longer period of evolution.
  • M Osaki, T Watanabe, T Ishizawa, C Nilnond, T Nuyim, T Shinano, M Urayama, SJ Tuah PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION 58 (2) 93 -115 2003年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Acid sulfate, peat, sandy podzolic, and saline soils are widely distributed in the lowlands of Thailand and Malaysia. The nutrient concentrations in the leaves of plants grown in these type of soils were studied with the aim of developing a nutritional strategy for adapting to such problem soils. In sago and oil palms that were well-adapted to peat soil, the N, P, and K concentrations were the same in the mature leaves, while the Ca, Mg, Na, and Fe concentrations were higher in the mature leaves of the oil palm than of the sago palm. Melastoma malabathricum and Melaleuca cajuputi plants that were well-adapted to low pH soils, peat, and acid sulfate soils were also studied. It was observed that a high amount of Al accumulated in the M. marabathricum leaves, while Al did not accumulate in M. cajuputi leaves. M. cajuputi plants accumulated large amounts of Na in their leaves or stems regardless of the exchangeable Na concentration in the soil, while M. malabathricum that was growing in saline-affected soils excluded Na. Positive relationships between macronutrients were recognized between P and N, between K and N, and between P and K. Al showed antagonistic relationships with P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Na. Na also showed antagonistic relationships with P, K, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Al. Fe showed weak antagonistic relationships with Zn, Mn, Cu, and Al.
  • J Wasaki, T Yamamura, T Shinano, M Osaki PLANT AND SOIL 248 (1-2) 129 -136 2003年01月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The roots of white lupin (Lupinus albus L. cv. Kievskij mutant) secrete acid phosphatase, S-APase, when they grow under conditions of low available phosphorus (P). S-APases hydrolyze organic phosphate compounds in the rhizosphere and supply inorganic phosphate to the plants. Low phosphorus availability also induces vigorous growth of cluster roots. In this study, the function of cluster roots was investigated with reference to S-APase secretion. White lupins were grown in hydroponic culture in a greenhouse under P-deficient and P-sufficient conditions. S-APase in the excised roots after treatment was detected by staining with 4-methylumbelliferone phosphate (MUP). Gene expression of S-APase in cluster and normal roots was also investigated. Activity was greatest in the roots of plants grown under conditions of P -deficiency, particularly in cluster roots. S-APase gene expression was induced by a decrease in internal P concentrations, and was especially high in cluster roots formed under conditions of P -deficiency. It was suggested that decrease of internal P concentration stimulated both of the S-APase expression and cluster root formation.
  • T Shinano, M Nanamori, M Dohi, J Wasaki, M Osaki PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 44 S199 -S199 2003年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • S Kuroda, M Dohi, R Yonetani, K Onishi, J Wasaki, T Shinano, M Osaki PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 44 S199 -S199 2003年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • J Wasaki, K Nakajima, T Shinano, M Osaki PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 44 S199 -S199 2003年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 福田琢哉, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳 日本農芸化学会北海道支部・日本土壌肥料学会北海道支部・日本生物工学会北日本支部・日本応用糖質科学会北海道支部・北海道農芸化学協会合同学術講演会講演要旨 2003 12 2003年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山村卓也, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本農芸化学会北海道支部・日本土壌肥料学会北海道支部・日本生物工学会北日本支部・日本応用糖質科学会北海道支部・北海道農芸化学協会合同学術講演会講演要旨 2003 12 2003年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 鮫島啓彰, 近藤始彦, 伊藤治, 野副卓人, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本農芸化学会北海道支部・日本土壌肥料学会北海道支部・日本生物工学会北日本支部・日本応用糖質科学会北海道支部・北海道農芸化学協会合同学術講演会講演要旨 2003 13 2003年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • M Kai, K Takazumi, H Adachi, J Wasaki, T Shinano, M Osaki Plant Science 163 (4) 837 -846 2002年10月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Four distinct cDNAs (NtPT1, NtPT2, NtPT3. and NtPT4) encoding phosphate transporters were isolated from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). They show high degrees of similarity to known high-affinity phosphate transporters in higher plants. Northern blot analysis using probes specific to NtPT1 and NtPT2 and to NtPT3 and NtPT4 indicated that large quantities of these four transcripts accumulated under phosphate-deficient conditions. The transcripts of NtPT1/2 were detected in immature leaves. mature leaves, old leaves, stems, and roots, while those of NtPT3/4 were detected only in old leaves and roots. When tobacco was grown under phosphate-deficient conditions. the transcripts of NtPT1/2 and NtPT3/4 were systemically enhanced after reduction of the total phosphate concentration in each organ. On the other hand. when phosphate was supplied to phosphate-deficient plants, the transcripts of NtPT1/2 and NtPT3/4 decreased systemically before an increase in total phosphate concentration. These results suggest that high-affinity phosphate transporter genes are controlled at the level of transcription by two regulatory systems: one responds to the internal phosphate status and;the other to the external phosphate status. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • M Kai, K Takazumi, H Adachi, J Wasaki, T Shinano, M Osaki PLANT SCIENCE 163 (4) 837 -846 2002年10月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Four distinct cDNAs (NtPT1, NtPT2, NtPT3. and NtPT4) encoding phosphate transporters were isolated from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). They show high degrees of similarity to known high-affinity phosphate transporters in higher plants. Northern blot analysis using probes specific to NtPT1 and NtPT2 and to NtPT3 and NtPT4 indicated that large quantities of these four transcripts accumulated under phosphate-deficient conditions. The transcripts of NtPT1/2 were detected in immature leaves. mature leaves, old leaves, stems, and roots, while those of NtPT3/4 were detected only in old leaves and roots. When tobacco was grown under phosphate-deficient conditions. the transcripts of NtPT1/2 and NtPT3/4 were systemically enhanced after reduction of the total phosphate concentration in each organ. On the other hand. when phosphate was supplied to phosphate-deficient plants, the transcripts of NtPT1/2 and NtPT3/4 decreased systemically before an increase in total phosphate concentration. These results suggest that high-affinity phosphate transporter genes are controlled at the level of transcription by two regulatory systems: one responds to the internal phosphate status and;the other to the external phosphate status. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • R Hatano, T Shinano, TG Zheng, M Okubo, ZW Li Nitrogen Cycling in Agroecosystem 63 (2-3) 139 -149 2002年07月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Field surplus nitrogen (N) and farm disposal N are major sources of water pollution in farming systems. These sources are estimated from N budgets in field and whole farms, which are associated with the production and consumption of food. This study was conducted to evaluate these two pollution sources in the steep mountainous karst region of Quibainong, Guangxi Province, southern China. The region is, characterized as an area of upland farms, due to the shallow soils and rapid water drainage through cracks in the limestone. Although field surplus N in 1960 was only 4.1 kg N ha(-1), current field surplus N ranged from 10.1 to 463 kg N ha(-1), with values above 50 kg N ha(-1) in farms along roads and less than 40 kg N ha(-1) in the farms away from roads. The results obtained in near-road farms were similar to those in a previous study of N budgets in China. There was a significant positive correlation between the field surplus N and N application rate, including when the previous data were incorporated. The proportion of manure to total N application decreased with increase of N application. Chemical fertilizer was applied in greater quantity in economically rich farms. Therefore, the increase of field surplus N in Quibainong may be caused by economic improvement. Although livestock and human excreta were stocked in manure barns, unused excreta N increased with the increase of N excreted. The unused excreta N also increased with the decrease of feed self-sufficiency, but was not related to N application rate. These facts indicate that livestock husbandry in Quibainong is related to economic status of farms, but independently of crop production. The N application rate of more than 160 kg N ha(-1) increased field surplus N to an extent greater than crop uptake N, and a N application rate of more than 185 kg N ha(-1) increased the potential nitrate-N concentration to more than 10 mg L-1. Therefore, 160-185 kg N ha(-1) is suggested to be the environmental capacity to sustain optimal N cycling in Quibainong. The average value of excreta N produced on near-road farms in Quibainong was 171 kg N ha(-1). If excreta N was used evenly for crop cultivation without chemical fertilizer in whole fields, the optimal N cycling would be maintained. The survey conducted here using a questionnaire was effective in evaluating all kind of N flows in the farming systems.
  • R Hatano, T Shinano, TG Zheng, M Okubo, ZW Li NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS 63 (2-3) 139 -149 2002年07月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Field surplus nitrogen (N) and farm disposal N are major sources of water pollution in farming systems. These sources are estimated from N budgets in field and whole farms, which are associated with the production and consumption of food. This study was conducted to evaluate these two pollution sources in the steep mountainous karst region of Quibainong, Guangxi Province, southern China. The region is, characterized as an area of upland farms, due to the shallow soils and rapid water drainage through cracks in the limestone. Although field surplus N in 1960 was only 4.1 kg N ha(-1), current field surplus N ranged from 10.1 to 463 kg N ha(-1), with values above 50 kg N ha(-1) in farms along roads and less than 40 kg N ha(-1) in the farms away from roads. The results obtained in near-road farms were similar to those in a previous study of N budgets in China. There was a significant positive correlation between the field surplus N and N application rate, including when the previous data were incorporated. The proportion of manure to total N application decreased with increase of N application. Chemical fertilizer was applied in greater quantity in economically rich farms. Therefore, the increase of field surplus N in Quibainong may be caused by economic improvement. Although livestock and human excreta were stocked in manure barns, unused excreta N increased with the increase of N excreted. The unused excreta N also increased with the decrease of feed self-sufficiency, but was not related to N application rate. These facts indicate that livestock husbandry in Quibainong is related to economic status of farms, but independently of crop production. The N application rate of more than 160 kg N ha(-1) increased field surplus N to an extent greater than crop uptake N, and a N application rate of more than 185 kg N ha(-1) increased the potential nitrate-N concentration to more than 10 mg L-1. Therefore, 160-185 kg N ha(-1) is suggested to be the environmental capacity to sustain optimal N cycling in Quibainong. The average value of excreta N produced on near-road farms in Quibainong was 171 kg N ha(-1). If excreta N was used evenly for crop cultivation without chemical fertilizer in whole fields, the optimal N cycling would be maintained. The survey conducted here using a questionnaire was effective in evaluating all kind of N flows in the farming systems.
  • He Ping, Osaki Mitsuru, Takebe Masako, Shinano Takuro 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (48) 75 -75 2002年03月25日
  • Samejima Hiroaki, Kondo Motohiko, Ito Osamu, Nozoe Takuhito, Shinano Takuro, Osaki Mitsuru 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (48) 81 -81 2002年03月25日
  • 福田 琢哉, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 和崎 淳 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (48) 52 -52 2002年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山村 卓也, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (48) 52 -52 2002年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎 淳, 米谷 竜馬, 信濃 卓郎, 矢崎 潤史, 藤井 文子, 真保 佳納子, 山本 公子, 坂田 克巳, 佐々木 卓治, 岸本 直己, 菊池 尚志, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (48) 52 -52 2002年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • BEGUM Hasna Hena, 大崎 満, 七森 理仁, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (48) 53 -53 2002年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 七森 理仁, 山村 卓也, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (48) 55 -55 2002年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 森下 智陽, 橋床 泰之, 波多野 隆介 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (48) 139 -139 2002年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 齋木 里文, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (48) 196 -196 2002年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山村卓也, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 48 (48) 52 -52 2002年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 福田琢哉, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 48 (48) 52 -52 2002年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • BEGUM H H, 大崎満, 七森理仁, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 48 (48) 53 -53 2002年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎, 森下智陽, 橋床泰之, 波多野隆介 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 48 (48) 139 -139 2002年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 七森理仁, 山村卓也, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 48 (48) 55 -55 2002年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎淳, 米谷竜馬, 信濃卓郎, 矢崎潤史, 藤井文子, 真保佳納子, 山本公子, 菊池尚志, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 48 (48) 52 -52 2002年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎 日本生態学会大会講演要旨集 49th 112 2002年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山村卓也, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 42nd 159 2002年03月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎, 米谷竜馬, 和崎淳, 大崎満 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 42nd 272 2002年03月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎淳, 米谷竜馬, 黒田幸浩, 信濃卓郎, 矢崎潤史, 藤井文子, 岸本直己, 菊池尚志, 大崎満 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集 42nd 272 2002年03月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • P He, M Osaki, M Takebe, T Shinano PHOTOSYNTHETICA 40 (4) 547 -552 2002年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    A field experiment was conducted to investigate the changes in chlorophyll (Chl) and nitrogen (N) contents, ribulose1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCO) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) contents and PEPC activity, and the photon-saturated net photosynthetic rate (P-Nsat), and their relationships with leaf senescence in two maize hybrids with different senescent appearance. One stay-green (cv. P3845) and one earlier senescent (cv. Hokkou 55) hybrid were used in this study, and we found that Chl and N contents and the P-Nsat in individual leaves of P3845 were greater than those in corresponding leaves of Hokkou 55 at the successive growth stages. In addition, larger contents of RuBPCO and PEPC, and a greater activity of PEPC were observed in P3845. Due to the lower rates of decrease of Chl, RuBPCO, and PEPC amounts per unit of N, and the lower net C translocation rate per unit of N in the stay-green hybrid, leaf senescence was delayed in comparison to the earlier senescent hybrid.
  • S Yamada, M Osaki, T Shinano, M Yamada, M Ito, AT Permana JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION 25 (9) 1957 -1973 2002年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Type I crops (wheat and soybean), in which the potassium concentration (Kc) decreases when the nitrogen concentration (Nc) decreases, and type II crop (sunflower), in which Kc remains constant when Nc decreases, were grown in K-sufficient and K-deficient soils in pots. The CO2 exchange rate (Pnet; photosynthetic rate, PR; photorespiratory rate, and DR; dark respiratory rate), the distribution of photosynthesized C-14 to organs, and the chemical compounds and free amino acids in fully expanded leaves were investigated. The. results obtained can be summarized as follows. 1) Potassium (K) deficiency affected type II crop by causing a decrease in Pnet and an increase in PR and DR, while in type I crops, K deficiency affected the CO2 exchange rate less markedly. 2) Potassium (K) deficiency affected type II crop by causing the C-14 distribution ratio to TCA/amino acids to decrease at 0 hours after C-14 assimilation, and the C-14 distribution ratio to serine to increase at 0.5 hours after C-14 assimilation. In type I crops, the C-14 distribution ratio among chemical compounds and free amino acids were less affected by K deficiency 3) When (CO2)-C-14 was assimilated for 10min, the C-14 distribution ratio to organs was less affected by K deficiency in type I crops than in type II crop. In type II crop, the C-14 distribution ratio to the stem was reduced by K deficiency, an effect that was caused by a low C-14 translocation from the assimilated leaf blade. When C-14-sucrose and C-14-serine were introduced directly into the phloem, the translocation rate was not reduced by K deficiency in type II crop. When (CO2)-C-14 was assimilated into the leaf at a different leaf position, C-14 distribution was not affected in type I crops. In type II crop, however, when (CO2)-C-14 was assimilated into the lower leaf, C-14 distribution to the roots increased under K deficiency as compared to the control. 4) In type II crop when C-14-sucrose was introduced directly to the phloem, C-14 compounds were translocated quickly to the lower organs, especially the roots. When C-14-serine was introduced, a major part of the C-14 compounds remained in the assimilated leaf blade. Consequently, in type II crop, it can be assumed that current photosynthate distribution to TCA/amino acids and the distribution of carbon in serine to other amino acids are restricted by K deficiency at first, then, the photosynthetic rate and the translocation of photosynthates from the leaf blade are restricted by K deficiency.
  • P He, M Osaki, M Takebe, T Shinano PHOTOSYNTHETICA 40 (4) 547 -552 2002年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    A field experiment was conducted to investigate the changes in chlorophyll (Chl) and nitrogen (N) contents, ribulose1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCO) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) contents and PEPC activity, and the photon-saturated net photosynthetic rate (P-Nsat), and their relationships with leaf senescence in two maize hybrids with different senescent appearance. One stay-green (cv. P3845) and one earlier senescent (cv. Hokkou 55) hybrid were used in this study, and we found that Chl and N contents and the P-Nsat in individual leaves of P3845 were greater than those in corresponding leaves of Hokkou 55 at the successive growth stages. In addition, larger contents of RuBPCO and PEPC, and a greater activity of PEPC were observed in P3845. Due to the lower rates of decrease of Chl, RuBPCO, and PEPC amounts per unit of N, and the lower net C translocation rate per unit of N in the stay-green hybrid, leaf senescence was delayed in comparison to the earlier senescent hybrid.
  • S Yamada, M Osaki, T Shinano, M Yamada, M Ito, AT Permana JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION 25 (9) 1957 -1973 2002年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Type I crops (wheat and soybean), in which the potassium concentration (Kc) decreases when the nitrogen concentration (Nc) decreases, and type II crop (sunflower), in which Kc remains constant when Nc decreases, were grown in K-sufficient and K-deficient soils in pots. The CO2 exchange rate (Pnet; photosynthetic rate, PR; photorespiratory rate, and DR; dark respiratory rate), the distribution of photosynthesized C-14 to organs, and the chemical compounds and free amino acids in fully expanded leaves were investigated. The. results obtained can be summarized as follows. 1) Potassium (K) deficiency affected type II crop by causing a decrease in Pnet and an increase in PR and DR, while in type I crops, K deficiency affected the CO2 exchange rate less markedly. 2) Potassium (K) deficiency affected type II crop by causing the C-14 distribution ratio to TCA/amino acids to decrease at 0 hours after C-14 assimilation, and the C-14 distribution ratio to serine to increase at 0.5 hours after C-14 assimilation. In type I crops, the C-14 distribution ratio among chemical compounds and free amino acids were less affected by K deficiency 3) When (CO2)-C-14 was assimilated for 10min, the C-14 distribution ratio to organs was less affected by K deficiency in type I crops than in type II crop. In type II crop, the C-14 distribution ratio to the stem was reduced by K deficiency, an effect that was caused by a low C-14 translocation from the assimilated leaf blade. When C-14-sucrose and C-14-serine were introduced directly into the phloem, the translocation rate was not reduced by K deficiency in type II crop. When (CO2)-C-14 was assimilated into the leaf at a different leaf position, C-14 distribution was not affected in type I crops. In type II crop, however, when (CO2)-C-14 was assimilated into the lower leaf, C-14 distribution to the roots increased under K deficiency as compared to the control. 4) In type II crop when C-14-sucrose was introduced directly to the phloem, C-14 compounds were translocated quickly to the lower organs, especially the roots. When C-14-serine was introduced, a major part of the C-14 compounds remained in the assimilated leaf blade. Consequently, in type II crop, it can be assumed that current photosynthate distribution to TCA/amino acids and the distribution of carbon in serine to other amino acids are restricted by K deficiency at first, then, the photosynthetic rate and the translocation of photosynthates from the leaf blade are restricted by K deficiency.
  • T Shinano, R Yonetani, J Wasaki, M Osaki PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 43 S238 -S238 2002年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • T Yamamura, J Wasaki, T Shinano, M Osaki PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 43 S112 -S112 2002年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 静野 愛, 木村 園子, 田島 亮介, 信濃 卓郎, 由田 宏一, 中嶋 博, 大崎 満 日本育種学会・日本作物学会北海道談話会会報 (42) 109 -110 2001年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 木村 園子, 田島 亮介, 信濃 卓郎, 由田 宏一, 中嶋 博, 大崎 満 日本育種学会・日本作物学会北海道談話会会報 (42) 111 -112 2001年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • T Shinano, R Yonetani, N Ushihara, H Adachi, J Wasaki, H Matsui, M Osaki Plant Science 161 (5) 861 -869 2001年10月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    A phosphatase has been purified 1767-fold, to a final specific activity of 53.0 (mu mol pyruvate produced per min per mg protein), from the bulb of.4 Ilium cepa L. The enzyme has high specificity for a phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) substrate. The molecular mass of the enzyme is approximately 240 kDa, as determined by gel column chromatography. Although 52 and 42 kDa polypeptides were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SIDS-PAGE), their N-terminal amino acid sequences were the same. We deduce, therefore, that the enzyme consists of four polypeptide subunits of 52 kDa. The purified enzyme hydrolyzes a wide variety of phosphate esters. and the lowest K. was obtained with PEP (0.44 mM). The enzyme consumed 1 mol of PEP, with the release of 1 mol of phosphate and 1 mol of pyruvate, with no ATP formation during the enzymatic reaction in the presence of ADP and Mg2+. Therefore, the enzyme is thought to be a PEP phosphatase. A cDNA that encodes PEP phosphatase, the deduced amino acid sequence of which resembles that of the plant acid phosphatases, was also isolated from onion bulb RNA. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • T Shinano, R Yonetani, N Ushihara, H Adachi, J Wasaki, H Matsui, M Osaki PLANT SCIENCE 161 (5) 861 -869 2001年10月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    A phosphatase has been purified 1767-fold, to a final specific activity of 53.0 (mu mol pyruvate produced per min per mg protein), from the bulb of.4 Ilium cepa L. The enzyme has high specificity for a phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) substrate. The molecular mass of the enzyme is approximately 240 kDa, as determined by gel column chromatography. Although 52 and 42 kDa polypeptides were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SIDS-PAGE), their N-terminal amino acid sequences were the same. We deduce, therefore, that the enzyme consists of four polypeptide subunits of 52 kDa. The purified enzyme hydrolyzes a wide variety of phosphate esters. and the lowest K. was obtained with PEP (0.44 mM). The enzyme consumed 1 mol of PEP, with the release of 1 mol of phosphate and 1 mol of pyruvate, with no ATP formation during the enzymatic reaction in the presence of ADP and Mg2+. Therefore, the enzyme is thought to be a PEP phosphatase. A cDNA that encodes PEP phosphatase, the deduced amino acid sequence of which resembles that of the plant acid phosphatases, was also isolated from onion bulb RNA. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • T Shinano, M Osaki, M Kato Tree Physiology 21 (9) 617 -624 2001年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Twenty-four temperate tree species were classified into three groups based on cluster analysis of relative growth rate, nitrogen concentration, nitrogen-production efficiency, nitrogen-distribution ratio and nitrogen-use efficiency as follows: Group I (Asteridae and Rosidae), Group II (Dilleniidae and Hamamelidae) and Group III (Coniferopsidae). Relative growth rate (RGR) was high in Group II, moderate in Group I and low in Group III. The regression coefficient for the relationship between RGR and leaf nitrogen concentration was higher in Group II than in Group I, and no relationship was observed in Group III. Parameter analysis of RGR indicated that RGR per unit leaf nitrogen was important for all three groups, but that the allocation of nitrogen to leaves was particularly important in Groups I and II. The ratio of dark respiratory rate (R) to net photosynthetic rate (A) was higher in Group I than in Group II. Neither A nor R was measured in the Group III species. A linear relationship was observed between leaf nitrogen concentration and A in Group II, but this relationship was not evident in Group I.
  • T Shinano, M Osaki, M Kato TREE PHYSIOLOGY 21 (9) 617 -624 2001年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Twenty-four temperate tree species were classified into three groups based on cluster analysis of relative growth rate, nitrogen concentration, nitrogen-production efficiency, nitrogen-distribution ratio and nitrogen-use efficiency as follows: Group I (Asteridae and Rosidae), Group II (Dilleniidae and Hamamelidae) and Group III (Coniferopsidae). Relative growth rate (RGR) was high in Group II, moderate in Group I and low in Group III. The regression coefficient for the relationship between RGR and leaf nitrogen concentration was higher in Group II than in Group I, and no relationship was observed in Group III. Parameter analysis of RGR indicated that RGR per unit leaf nitrogen was important for all three groups, but that the allocation of nitrogen to leaves was particularly important in Groups I and II. The ratio of dark respiratory rate (R) to net photosynthetic rate (A) was higher in Group I than in Group II. Neither A nor R was measured in the Group III species. A linear relationship was observed between leaf nitrogen concentration and A in Group II, but this relationship was not evident in Group I.
  • 木村 園子, 田島 亮介, 由田 宏一, 中嶋 博, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 北海道大学農学部農場研究報告 = Research bulletin of the University Farm Hokkaido University 32 (32) 7 -13 2001年03月29日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • PERMANA Asep Tata, SHINANO Takuro, OSAKI Mitsuru 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (47) 86 -86 2001年03月25日
  • 山村 卓也, 伊達木 啓, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 山口 淳一, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 47 (47) 2001年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (47) 69 -69 2001年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 伊達木 啓, 和崎 淳, 山村 卓也, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (47) 70 -70 2001年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 米谷 竜馬, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (47) 73 -73 2001年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 富田 将史, 信濃 卓郎, 橋床 泰之, 田原 哲士, 吉原 照彦, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (47) 85 -85 2001年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 木村 園子, 田島 亮介, 田所 優, 信濃 卓郎, 由田 宏一, 中嶋 博, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (47) 106 -106 2001年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 47 (47) 69 -69 2001年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 富田将史, 信濃卓郎, 橋床泰之, 田原哲士, 吉原照彦, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 47 (47) 85 -85 2001年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 伊達木啓, 和崎淳, 山村卓也, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 47 70 2001年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 木村園子, 田島亮介, 田所優, 信濃卓郎, 由田宏一, 中嶋博, 大崎満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 47 (47) 106 -106 2001年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 米谷竜馬, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 47 73 2001年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山村卓也, 伊達木啓, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 山口淳一, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 47 69 2001年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • M Osaki, T Shinano, T Kaneda, S Yamada, T Nakamura Photosynthetica 39 (2) 205 -213 2001年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Ontogenetic changes of rates of photon-saturated photosynthesis (P-sat) and dark respiration (R-D) of individual leaves were examined in relation to nitrogen content (No) in rice, winter wheat, maize, soybean, field bean, tomato, potato, and beet. P-sat was positively correlated with Nc as follows: P-sat = Cf Nc + P-sat0, where Cf and P-sat0 are coefficients. The value of Cf was high in maize, medium in rice and soybean, and low in field bean, potato, tomato, and beet, of which difference was not explained by ribulose-1,5-bisphoshate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCO) content. R-D was explained by P-sat and/or Nc, however, two models must be applied according to plant species. R-D related linearly with P-sat and Nc in maize, field bean, and potato as follows: R-D = a P-sat + b, or R-D = a'Nc + b', where a, a', b and b' are coefficients. In other species, the R-D/P-sat ratio increased exponentially with the decrease of Nc as follows: R-D/P-sat = a exp(b Nc), where a and b are coefficients. Therefore, R-D in these crops was expressed as follows: ln(R-D) = ln(a P-sat) + b Nc, indicating that R-D in these crops was regulated by both P-sat and Nc.
  • M Osaki, T Shinano Photosynthetica 39 (2) 197 -203 2001年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    In individual leaves, the photon-saturated photosynthetic activity (P-sat, expressed on a dry mass basis) was closely related to the nitrogen content (Nc) as follows: P-sat = Cf Nc + P-sat0, where Cf and P-sat0 are constants. On a whole plant basis, the relative growth rate (RGR) was closely related to Nc in canopy leaf as follows: RGR = DMf Nc + RGR(0), where DMf and RGR(0) are constants. However, the coefficients Cf and DMf were markedly different among plant species. To explain these differences, it is suggested that carbon assimilation (or dry matter production) is controlled by both the Nc in a leaf (or leaves) and by the net N translocation from leaves. This is supported by the finding that P-sat is related to the rate of S-35-methionine translocation from leaves. We propose another estimation method for the net N translocation rate (NFR) from leaves: Ne, after full leafing, is expressed as a function of time: Nc = (Nc(0) - Ncd) exp(-Nft) + Ncd, where Nf is a coefficient, t is the number of days after leaf emergence, Nc(0) is the initial value of Nc, and Ncd is the Nc of the dead leaf. The NFR is then calculated as NFR = Delta Nc/Deltat = -Nf (Nc - Ncd). Thus Nf is the coefficient for the NFR per unit Nc. NFR is a good indicator of net N translocation from leaves because NFR is closely related to the rate of S-35-methionine translocation from leaves. Since P-sat is related to the C-14-photosynthate translocation rate, Cf (or DMf) corresponds to the coefficient of saccharide translocation rate per unit amount of Nc. Cf (or DMf) is closely related to the Nf of individual leaves (or the Nf of canopy leaf). This indicates that C assimilation and C translocation from leaves are related to Nc. and N translocation from leaves (net translocation of N). Cf and Nf are negatively correlated with leaf longevity, which is important because a high or low CO2 assimilation rate in leaves is accompanied by a correspondingly high or low N translocation in leaf, and the degree of N translocation in leaves decreases or increases leaf longevity. Thus, since a relatively high P-sat (or RGR) is accompanied by a rapid Nc decrease in leaves, it is difficult to maintain a high P-sat (or RGR) for a sustained time period.
  • 木村園子・田島亮介・由田宏一・中嶋博・信濃卓郎・大崎満、高CO2条件がサイトウの生育に及ぼす影響ー葉におけるデンプンと窒素の集積に関連して.
    北海道大学農学部農場研究報告 32, 7-13 2001年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • M Osaki, T Shinano, T Kaneda, S Yamada, T Nakamura PHOTOSYNTHETICA 39 (2) 205 -213 2001年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Ontogenetic changes of rates of photon-saturated photosynthesis (P-sat) and dark respiration (R-D) of individual leaves were examined in relation to nitrogen content (No) in rice, winter wheat, maize, soybean, field bean, tomato, potato, and beet. P-sat was positively correlated with Nc as follows: P-sat = Cf Nc + P-sat0, where Cf and P-sat0 are coefficients. The value of Cf was high in maize, medium in rice and soybean, and low in field bean, potato, tomato, and beet, of which difference was not explained by ribulose-1,5-bisphoshate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCO) content. R-D was explained by P-sat and/or Nc, however, two models must be applied according to plant species. R-D related linearly with P-sat and Nc in maize, field bean, and potato as follows: R-D = a P-sat + b, or R-D = a'Nc + b', where a, a', b and b' are coefficients. In other species, the R-D/P-sat ratio increased exponentially with the decrease of Nc as follows: R-D/P-sat = a exp(b Nc), where a and b are coefficients. Therefore, R-D in these crops was expressed as follows: ln(R-D) = ln(a P-sat) + b Nc, indicating that R-D in these crops was regulated by both P-sat and Nc.
  • M Osaki, T Shinano PHOTOSYNTHETICA 39 (2) 197 -203 2001年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    In individual leaves, the photon-saturated photosynthetic activity (P-sat, expressed on a dry mass basis) was closely related to the nitrogen content (Nc) as follows: P-sat = Cf Nc + P-sat0, where Cf and P-sat0 are constants. On a whole plant basis, the relative growth rate (RGR) was closely related to Nc in canopy leaf as follows: RGR = DMf Nc + RGR(0), where DMf and RGR(0) are constants. However, the coefficients Cf and DMf were markedly different among plant species. To explain these differences, it is suggested that carbon assimilation (or dry matter production) is controlled by both the Nc in a leaf (or leaves) and by the net N translocation from leaves. This is supported by the finding that P-sat is related to the rate of S-35-methionine translocation from leaves. We propose another estimation method for the net N translocation rate (NFR) from leaves: Ne, after full leafing, is expressed as a function of time: Nc = (Nc(0) - Ncd) exp(-Nft) + Ncd, where Nf is a coefficient, t is the number of days after leaf emergence, Nc(0) is the initial value of Nc, and Ncd is the Nc of the dead leaf. The NFR is then calculated as NFR = Delta Nc/Deltat = -Nf (Nc - Ncd). Thus Nf is the coefficient for the NFR per unit Nc. NFR is a good indicator of net N translocation from leaves because NFR is closely related to the rate of S-35-methionine translocation from leaves. Since P-sat is related to the C-14-photosynthate translocation rate, Cf (or DMf) corresponds to the coefficient of saccharide translocation rate per unit amount of Nc. Cf (or DMf) is closely related to the Nf of individual leaves (or the Nf of canopy leaf). This indicates that C assimilation and C translocation from leaves are related to Nc. and N translocation from leaves (net translocation of N). Cf and Nf are negatively correlated with leaf longevity, which is important because a high or low CO2 assimilation rate in leaves is accompanied by a correspondingly high or low N translocation in leaf, and the degree of N translocation in leaves decreases or increases leaf longevity. Thus, since a relatively high P-sat (or RGR) is accompanied by a rapid Nc decrease in leaves, it is difficult to maintain a high P-sat (or RGR) for a sustained time period.
  • 木村 園子, 田島 亮介, 信濃 卓郎, 由田 宏一, 中嶋 博, 大崎 満 日本育種学会・日本作物学会北海道談話会会報 42 (0) 111 -112 2001年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 静野 愛, 木村 園子, 田島 亮介, 信濃 卓郎, 由田 宏一, 中嶋 博, 大崎 満 日本育種学会・日本作物学会北海道談話会会報 42 (0) 109 -110 2001年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料學雜誌 71 (3) 311 -312 2000年06月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • J Wasaki, M Omura, M Ando, H Dateki, T Shinano, M Osaki, H Ito, H Matsui, T Tadano Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 46 (2) 427 -437 2000年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    During the growth of lupin (Lupinus albus L.) plants, a shortage of phosphate induces the secretion of acid phosphatase (APase) from their roots. We have already isolated and characterized the lasap1 cDNA clone for an APase from phosphate-deficient roots. In this paper, we report on an another cDNA clone, designated as lasap2, encoding secretory APase (S-APase) from phosphate-deficient lupin roots. The lasap2 cDNA consisted of 1,541 bp and had an open reading frame composed of 462 amino acid residues with a signal peptide of 34 residues. Several amino acid sequences of purified lupin S-APase were completely contained in the deduced amino acid sequence (LASAP2). The mature LASAP2 was highly hydrophilic, while the signal peptide was highly hydrophobic. The PSORT prediction program indicated that the mature LASAP2 might be secreted from cells. The primary sequence of LASAP2 shared about 70% homology with that of purple APase from germinating seeds of kidney bean as well as LASAP1, RT-PCR and Western blot analyses revealed that the accumulation of mRNAs and the corresponding proteins for S-APase encoded by lasap2 was induced only in roots under phosphate-deficient conditions, while it was assumed that the LASAP1 hydrolyzed phosphate ester compounds which reached the root surfaces or were released from old organs to the apoplastic space.
  • J Wasaki, M Omura, M Ando, H Dateki, T Shinano, M Osaki, H Ito, H Matsui, T Tadano SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 46 (2) 427 -437 2000年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    During the growth of lupin (Lupinus albus L.) plants, a shortage of phosphate induces the secretion of acid phosphatase (APase) from their roots. We have already isolated and characterized the lasap1 cDNA clone for an APase from phosphate-deficient roots. In this paper, we report on an another cDNA clone, designated as lasap2, encoding secretory APase (S-APase) from phosphate-deficient lupin roots. The lasap2 cDNA consisted of 1,541 bp and had an open reading frame composed of 462 amino acid residues with a signal peptide of 34 residues. Several amino acid sequences of purified lupin S-APase were completely contained in the deduced amino acid sequence (LASAP2). The mature LASAP2 was highly hydrophilic, while the signal peptide was highly hydrophobic. The PSORT prediction program indicated that the mature LASAP2 might be secreted from cells. The primary sequence of LASAP2 shared about 70% homology with that of purple APase from germinating seeds of kidney bean as well as LASAP1, RT-PCR and Western blot analyses revealed that the accumulation of mRNAs and the corresponding proteins for S-APase encoded by lasap2 was induced only in roots under phosphate-deficient conditions, while it was assumed that the LASAP1 hydrolyzed phosphate ester compounds which reached the root surfaces or were released from old organs to the apoplastic space.
  • 山村 卓也, 和崎 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (46) 87 -87 2000年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 福田 琢哉, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 和崎 淳, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (46) 88 -88 2000年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 田所 優, 中村 このみ, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (46) 102 -102 2000年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • アセップタタ アセップタタ, プルマナ プルマナ, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (46) 139 -139 2000年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 鄭 泰根, 蒙 炎成, 譚 宏偉, 金澤 晋二郎, 長谷川 功, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (46) 148 -148 2000年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 鄭 泰根, 信濃 卓郎, 蒙 炎成, 譚 宏偉, 長谷川 功, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (46) 148 -148 2000年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (46) 243 -243 2000年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 富田 将史, 白崎 千香子, 大澤 元成, 河原 優美子, 信濃 卓郎, 渡辺 実, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (46) 251 -251 2000年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山村卓也, 和崎淳, 信濃卓郎, 但野利明 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 46 (46) 87 -87 2000年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎, 鄭泰根, 蒙炎成, たん宏偉, 金沢晋二郎, 長谷川功, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 46 (46) 148 -148 2000年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 鄭泰根, 信濃卓郎, 蒙炎成, たん宏偉, 長谷川功, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 46 (46) 148 -148 2000年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 46 (46) 243 -243 2000年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 福田琢哉, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎, 和崎淳, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 46 (46) 88 -88 2000年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 田所優, 中村このみ, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 46 (46) 102 -102 2000年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • プルマナ アセップタタ, 信濃卓郎, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 46 (46) 139 -139 2000年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 富田将史, 白崎千香子, 大沢元成, 河原優美子, 信濃卓郎, 渡辺実, 大崎満, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 46 (46) 251 -251 2000年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • HM Luo, T Watanabe, T Shinano, T Tadano Soil Sci. Plant Nuts. 45 (4) 897 -907 1999年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Aluminum (Al) tolerance and phosphate absorption in rape and tomato were compared under water culture and field conditions. The relative growth rate in the Al treatment compared with -Al treatment was similar in the two crops under water culture conditions, while under field conditions, the growth rate was 2- to 3-fold higher in rape than in tomato in spite of the higher Al concentration in the soil solution than in the culture solution. The relative amount of phosphate absorbed in the Al treatment compared with -Al was not appreciably different between rape and tomato under water culture conditions, while under field conditions, it was 3- to 6-fold larger in rape than in tomato. The exudation rate of citric acid by roots was much higher in rape than in tomato. The plant growth, root elongation, and amount of phosphate absorbed in rape were inhibited in the 150 mu M Al in the culture solution. However, the inhibition was alleviated by the addition of 200 mu M citric acid or 500 mu M malic acid. The P concentration in the culture solution decreased by the presence of Al as aluminum phosphate. However, addition of citric and malic acids increased the amount of phosphate released from the precipitated aluminum phosphate. In conclusion, one of the mechanisms for the higher Al tolerance and larger phosphate absorption in rape than in tomato under field conditions was ascribed to the higher concentration of exuded citric acid by Al in the rhizosphere. It was suggested that the exudation of citric acid might contribute to the detoxification of Al and to the increase phosphate availability in the rhizosphere in rape.
  • J Wasaki, M Omura, M Ando, T Shinano, M Osaki, T Tadano Soil Sci. Plant Nuts. 45 (4) 937 -945 1999年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Studies were carried out to identify the secreting portion of acid phosphatase (APase) in roots of lupin (Lupinus albus L.) and a key signal for the secretion from the roots. When lupin was grown in a nutrient solution without phosphate, the APase activity on the whole root surface increased and it was particularly high on the proteoid roots. When lupin was grown in a nutrient solution with 1.1 mM phosphate and transferred to a medium gel without phosphate, the activity of the secreted APase increased over the whole root system. Lupin was grown in a nutrient solution with 1.1 mM phosphate, the excised roots were transferred to a medium gel without phosphate, and the secreted APase activity was examined by activity staining of the medium gel after removal of the roots. The results indicated that the APase secretion from lupin roots was induced by a low phosphate concentration in the growth medium within 6 h. Even when the phosphate concentration in the lupin roots was sufficiently high, APase was secreted. It is concluded that a key signal for the APase secretion from lupin roots is not the low internal phosphate concentration, but the low phosphate concentration in the external solution.
  • HM Luo, T Watanabe, T Shinano, T Tadano SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 45 (4) 897 -907 1999年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Aluminum (Al) tolerance and phosphate absorption in rape and tomato were compared under water culture and field conditions. The relative growth rate in the Al treatment compared with -Al treatment was similar in the two crops under water culture conditions, while under field conditions, the growth rate was 2- to 3-fold higher in rape than in tomato in spite of the higher Al concentration in the soil solution than in the culture solution. The relative amount of phosphate absorbed in the Al treatment compared with -Al was not appreciably different between rape and tomato under water culture conditions, while under field conditions, it was 3- to 6-fold larger in rape than in tomato. The exudation rate of citric acid by roots was much higher in rape than in tomato. The plant growth, root elongation, and amount of phosphate absorbed in rape were inhibited in the 150 mu M Al in the culture solution. However, the inhibition was alleviated by the addition of 200 mu M citric acid or 500 mu M malic acid. The P concentration in the culture solution decreased by the presence of Al as aluminum phosphate. However, addition of citric and malic acids increased the amount of phosphate released from the precipitated aluminum phosphate. In conclusion, one of the mechanisms for the higher Al tolerance and larger phosphate absorption in rape than in tomato under field conditions was ascribed to the higher concentration of exuded citric acid by Al in the rhizosphere. It was suggested that the exudation of citric acid might contribute to the detoxification of Al and to the increase phosphate availability in the rhizosphere in rape.
  • J Wasaki, M Omura, M Ando, T Shinano, M Osaki, T Tadano SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 45 (4) 937 -945 1999年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Studies were carried out to identify the secreting portion of acid phosphatase (APase) in roots of lupin (Lupinus albus L.) and a key signal for the secretion from the roots. When lupin was grown in a nutrient solution without phosphate, the APase activity on the whole root surface increased and it was particularly high on the proteoid roots. When lupin was grown in a nutrient solution with 1.1 mM phosphate and transferred to a medium gel without phosphate, the activity of the secreted APase increased over the whole root system. Lupin was grown in a nutrient solution with 1.1 mM phosphate, the excised roots were transferred to a medium gel without phosphate, and the secreted APase activity was examined by activity staining of the medium gel after removal of the roots. The results indicated that the APase secretion from lupin roots was induced by a low phosphate concentration in the growth medium within 6 h. Even when the phosphate concentration in the lupin roots was sufficiently high, APase was secreted. It is concluded that a key signal for the APase secretion from lupin roots is not the low internal phosphate concentration, but the low phosphate concentration in the external solution.
  • 羅 会明, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 45 (45) 322 -322 1999年07月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 牛原 名保子, 信濃 卓郎, 安達 博史, 大崎 満, 松井 博和, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (45) 99 -99 1999年07月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎 淳, 大村 正徳, 伊達 木啓, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 伊藤 浩之, 松井 博和, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 45 (45) 100 -100 1999年07月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 甲斐 元士, 高澄 耕次, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 45 (45) 101 -101 1999年07月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大崎 満, 宮武 宏彰, 鄭 泰根, 信濃 卓郎, 宮尾 光恵, 松岡 信, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 45 (45) 118 -118 1999年07月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 田所 優, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 宮尾 光恵, 松岡 信, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 45 (45) 118 -118 1999年07月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 宮武 宏彰, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 宮尾 光恵, 松岡 信, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 45 (45) 119 -119 1999年07月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 飯島 啓彰, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 伊藤 治, 近藤 始彦, Kirk G. J, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 45 (45) 319 -319 1999年07月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 甲斐元士, 高澄耕次, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 45 101 -101 1999年07月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 鮫島啓彰, 信濃卓郎 化学と生物 37 (7) 461 -463 1999年07月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大崎満, 宮武宏彰, 鄭泰根, 信濃卓郎, 宮尾光恵, 松岡信, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 45 118 -118 1999年07月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 牛原名保子, 信濃卓郎, 安達博史, 大崎満, 松井博和, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 45 (45) 99 -99 1999年07月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 鮫島啓彰, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎, 伊藤治, 近藤始彦, KIRK G J, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 45 319 -319 1999年07月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎淳, 大村正徳, 伊達木啓, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 伊藤浩之, 松井博和, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 45 100 -100 1999年07月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 宮武宏彰, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎, 宮尾光恵, 松岡信, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 45 119 -119 1999年07月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 羅会明, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 45 322 -322 1999年07月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 田所優, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 宮尾光恵, 松岡信, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 45 118 -118 1999年07月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎 日本農芸化学会北海道支部・日本土壌肥料学会北海道支部・日本生物工学会北日本支部・日本応用糖質科学会北海道支部・北海道農芸化学協会合同学術講演会講演要旨 1999 3 1999年07月17日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • T. Nakamura, T. Koike, T. Lei, K. Ohashi, T. Shinano, T. Tadano Photosynthetica 37 (1) 61 -70 1999年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    To find the effects of CO2 enrichment on plant development and photosynthetic capacity of nodulated (line A62-1) and non-nodulated (line A62-2) isogenic lines of soybean (Glycine max Merr.), we examined the interactions among two CO2 treatments (36±3 Pa = AC and 70±5 Pa = EC), and two nitrogen concentrations [0 g(N) m-2(land area) = 0N 30 g(N) m-2(land area) = 30N]. Nodules were found in both CO2 treatments in 0N of A62-1 where the number and dry mass of nodules increased from AC to EC. While the allocation of dry mass to root and shoot and the amount of N in each organ did not differ between the growth CO2 concentrations, there was larger N allocation to roots in 0N than in 30N for A62-2. The CO2-dependence of net photosynthetic rate (P(N)) for A62-1 was unaffected by both CO2 and N treatments. In contrast, the CO2-dependence of P(N) was lower in 0N than in 30N for A62-2, but it was independent of CO2 treatment. P(N) per unit N content was unaffected by CO2 concentrations. The leaf area of both soybean lines grown in 30N increased in EC. But in 0N, only the nodulated A62-1 showed an increase in leaf area in EC. Nitrogen use efficiency of plants, NUE [(total dry mass of the plant)/(amount of N accumulated in the plant)] in 30N was unaffected by CO2 treatments. In 0N, NUE in EC was lower than in AC in A62-1, and was higher than that at AC in A62-2. Hence, the larger amount and/or rate of N fixation with the increase of the sink-size of symbiotic microorganisms supplied adequate N to the plant under EC. In EC, N deficiency caused the down-regulation of the soybean plant.
  • T. Nakamura, T. Koike, T. Lei, K. Ohashi, T. Shinano, T. Tadano Photosynthetica 37 (1) 61 -70 1999年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    To find the effects of CO2 enrichment on plant development and photosynthetic capacity of nodulated (line A62-1) and non-nodulated (line A62-2) isogenic lines of soybean (Glycine max Merr.), we examined the interactions among two CO2 treatments (36±3 Pa = AC and 70±5 Pa = EC), and two nitrogen concentrations [0 g(N) m-2(land area) = 0N 30 g(N) m-2(land area) = 30N]. Nodules were found in both CO2 treatments in 0N of A62-1 where the number and dry mass of nodules increased from AC to EC. While the allocation of dry mass to root and shoot and the amount of N in each organ did not differ between the growth CO2 concentrations, there was larger N allocation to roots in 0N than in 30N for A62-2. The CO2-dependence of net photosynthetic rate (P(N)) for A62-1 was unaffected by both CO2 and N treatments. In contrast, the CO2-dependence of P(N) was lower in 0N than in 30N for A62-2, but it was independent of CO2 treatment. P(N) per unit N content was unaffected by CO2 concentrations. The leaf area of both soybean lines grown in 30N increased in EC. But in 0N, only the nodulated A62-1 showed an increase in leaf area in EC. Nitrogen use efficiency of plants, NUE [(total dry mass of the plant)/(amount of N accumulated in the plant)] in 30N was unaffected by CO2 treatments. In 0N, NUE in EC was lower than in AC in A62-1, and was higher than that at AC in A62-2. Hence, the larger amount and/or rate of N fixation with the increase of the sink-size of symbiotic microorganisms supplied adequate N to the plant under EC. In EC, N deficiency caused the down-regulation of the soybean plant.
  • 羅 会明, 渡部 敏裕, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 45 (0) 322 -322 1999年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 飯島 啓彰, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 伊藤 治, 近藤 始彦, Kirk G. J, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 45 (0) 319 -319 1999年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 甲斐 元士, 高澄 耕次, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 45 (0) 101 -101 1999年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎 淳, 大村 正徳, 伊達 木啓, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 伊藤 浩之, 松井 博和, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 45 (0) 100 -100 1999年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大崎 満, 宮武 宏彰, 鄭 泰根, 信濃 卓郎, 宮尾 光恵, 松岡 信, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 45 (0) 1999年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 田所 優, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 宮尾 光恵, 松岡 信, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 45 (0) 1999年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 宮武 宏彰, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 宮尾 光恵, 松岡 信, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 45 (0) 1999年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 鮫島 啓彰, 信濃 卓郎 化学と生物 37 (7) 461 -463 1999年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 佐藤純子, 渡部敏裕, 信濃卓郎, 但野利秋 植物・土壌系におけるアルミニウムとケイ酸の相互作用の機構解明 平成8-10年度 No.08406007 59 -69 1999年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 佐藤 純子, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 44 (44) 79 -79 1998年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 鮫島 啓彰, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 44 (44) 90 -90 1998年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎 淳, 大村 正徳, 大崎 満, 松井 博和, 伊藤 浩之, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 44 (44) 94 -94 1998年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 牛原 名保子, 安達 博史, 岩波 俊介, 信濃 卓郎, 松井 博和, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 44 (44) 94 -94 1998年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 安達 博史, 甲斐 元士, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 44 (44) 255 -255 1998年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中島 款冬, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 森 春英, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 44 (44) 256 -256 1998年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 佐藤純子, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 44 79 -79 1998年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 牛原名保子, 安達博史, 岩波俊介, 信濃卓郎, 松井博和, 大崎満, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 44 94 -94 1998年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中島款冬, 大崎満, 信濃卓郎, 森春英, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 44 256 -256 1998年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎, 鮫島啓彰, 大崎満, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 44 90 1998年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎淳, 大村正徳, 大崎満, 松井博和, 伊藤浩之, 信濃卓郎, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 44 94 -94 1998年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 安達博史, 甲斐元士, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 44 255 1998年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • M Matsumoto, M Osaki, T Nuyim, A Jongskul, P Eam-on, Y Kitaya, M Urayama, T Watanabe, T Kawamukai, T Nakamura, C Nilnond, T Shinano, T Tadano JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION 21 (9) 1819 -1841 1998年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    To make clear the nutritional characteristics of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensin Jacq.) grown in tropical peat soil, minerals concentration, organic compounds concentration, and photosynthetic rate were estimated, and the obtained results were as follows. Since, the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na) concentration in mature leaves and trunk were higher in the oil palm than in the sage palm, but potassium (K) concentration was higher in the sage palm than in the oil palm, the minerals (especially N, P, Ca, and Mg) requirement for the oil palm were higher than in the sage palm. This indicates that the sage palm will adapt better than the oil palm to soils with poor nutrients. The manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) concentration in leaves of the sage palm and Ca and aluminum (Al) concentration in leaves of the oil palm increased with the increase of aging, indicating that those elements are eliminated fi om plants through leaf senescence. Tn the sage palm, the N and P distribution ratio to leaves remained almost constant during growth, indicating that N and P were predominantly distributed to leaves for maintaining leaf function. The photosynthetic rate [mu mole carbon dioxide (CO2) m(-2) LA sec(-1)] at light saturation was lower in the sage palm (5.8) and oil palm (10.0) than in wheat(25.4). As leaf longevity of sage and oil palms was longer (about 12 times) than that of wheat (Triticum aevstium L.), and the minerals concentration and photosynthetic rate remained constant for a long duration of growth, the cumulative carbon (C) accumulation per unit dry weight (photosynthetic rate x leaf longevity) in the individual leaf is assumed to be equal or greater than that of wheat. The photosynthetic ability of sago and oil palms leaves is very important for understanding why sage and oil palms have high productivity in spite of a low nutrient environment.
  • M Matsumoto, M Osaki, T Nuyim, A Jongskul, P Eam-on, Y Kitaya, M Urayama, T Watanabe, T Kawamukai, T Nakamura, C Nilnond, T Shinano, T Tadano JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION 21 (9) 1819 -1841 1998年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    To make clear the nutritional characteristics of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensin Jacq.) grown in tropical peat soil, minerals concentration, organic compounds concentration, and photosynthetic rate were estimated, and the obtained results were as follows. Since, the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na) concentration in mature leaves and trunk were higher in the oil palm than in the sage palm, but potassium (K) concentration was higher in the sage palm than in the oil palm, the minerals (especially N, P, Ca, and Mg) requirement for the oil palm were higher than in the sage palm. This indicates that the sage palm will adapt better than the oil palm to soils with poor nutrients. The manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) concentration in leaves of the sage palm and Ca and aluminum (Al) concentration in leaves of the oil palm increased with the increase of aging, indicating that those elements are eliminated fi om plants through leaf senescence. Tn the sage palm, the N and P distribution ratio to leaves remained almost constant during growth, indicating that N and P were predominantly distributed to leaves for maintaining leaf function. The photosynthetic rate [mu mole carbon dioxide (CO2) m(-2) LA sec(-1)] at light saturation was lower in the sage palm (5.8) and oil palm (10.0) than in wheat(25.4). As leaf longevity of sage and oil palms was longer (about 12 times) than that of wheat (Triticum aevstium L.), and the minerals concentration and photosynthetic rate remained constant for a long duration of growth, the cumulative carbon (C) accumulation per unit dry weight (photosynthetic rate x leaf longevity) in the individual leaf is assumed to be equal or greater than that of wheat. The photosynthetic ability of sago and oil palms leaves is very important for understanding why sage and oil palms have high productivity in spite of a low nutrient environment.
  • 信濃 卓郎, 鮫島 啓彰, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 44 (0) 90 -90 1998年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 和崎 淳, 大村 正徳, 大崎 満, 松井 博和, 伊藤 浩之, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 44 (0) 94 -94 1998年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 牛原 名保子, 安達 博史, 岩波 俊介, 信濃 卓郎, 松井 博和, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 44 (0) 94 -94 1998年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 佐藤 純子, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 44 (0) 79 -79 1998年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中島 款冬, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 森 春英, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 44 (0) 256 -256 1998年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 安達 博史, 甲斐 元士, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 44 (0) 255 -255 1998年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 甲斐元士, 安達博史, 高澄耕次, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 但野利秋 日本農芸化学会北海道支部・日本土壌肥料学会北海道支部・日本生物工学会北日本支部・日本応用糖質科学会北海道支部・北海道農芸化学協会合同学術講演会講演要旨 1998 20 1998年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Osaki Mitsuru, Shinano Takuro, Matsumoto Mina, Zheng Taigen, Tadano Toshiaki Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 43 1079 -1084 1997年12月 
    According to the results of high-yielding crop trials, a root-shoot interaction model is proposed to explain the high productivity of high-yielding crops. In our experiments the highest biological yields obtained varied considerably between different crops (1.45 kg m^<-2> dry matter for rice, 2.39 for winter wheat, 2.57 for maize, 2.13 for potato, 2.17 for beet, and 2.93 for sunflower). These differences could not be explained on the basis of plant type. Since the photosynthetic rate (dry matter increase) and root activity (nutrient absorption) remained constant during maturation in the high-yielding varieties, it is suggested that in these varieties, root and shoot mutually interact so that a high photosynthetic rate secures high root activity by supplying a sufficient amount of photosynthates to the roots. High root activity then secures a high photosynthetic rate by supplying a sufficient amount of nutrients to shoots. To estimate the root activity, the specific absorption rate of nitrogen (SAR_N, mgN day^<-1> g^<-1>root dry weight) is a useful criterion because in high-yielding crops, SAR_N remains high during the early maturation stage, while root dry weight does not relate to nitrogen absorption or dry matter production especially at the maturation stage. To maintain the high SAR_N during the maturation stage, the systems of photosynthates distribution into roots are important. Cereal and legume crops form strong sinks in aerial parts, and root-shoot interaction becomes weaker as growth progresses. Therefore, in legume crops and especially in cereal crops, plant type or canopy structure plays an important role in the maintenance of high root activity because the main supply of photosynthates comes from lower leaves to roots. Root crops benefit more than cereal and legume crops from the carbohydrate supply to roots because they have roots directly attached to sink organs.
  • M Osaki, T Shinano, M Matsumoto, TG Zheng, T Tadano SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 43 1079 -1084 1997年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    According, to the results of high-yielding crop trials, a root-shoot interaction model is proposed to explain the high productivity of high-yielding crops. In our experiments the highest biological yields obtained varied considerably between different crops (1.45 kg m(-2) dry matter for rice, 2.39 for winter wheat, 2.57 for maize, 2.13 for potato, 2.17 for beet, and 2.93 for sunflower). These differences could not be explained on the basis of plant type. Since the photosynthetic rate (dry matter increase) and root activity (nutrient absorption) remained constant during maturation in the high-yielding varieties, it is suggested that in these varieties, root and shoot mutually interact so that a high photosynthetic rate secures high root activity by supplying a sufficient amount of photosynthates to the roots. High root activity then secures a high photosynthetic rate by supplying a sufficient amount of nutrients to shoots. To estimate the root activity, the specific absorption rate of nitrogen (SAR(N), mgN day(-1) g(-1) root dry weight) is a useful criterion because in high-yielding crops, SAR(N) remains high during the early maturation stage, while root dry weight does not relate to nitrogen absorption or dry matter production especially at the maturation stage. To maintain the high SAR(N) during thp maturation stage the systems of photosynthates distribution into roots are important. Cereal and legume crops form strong sinks in aerial parts, and root-shoot interaction becomes weaker as growth progresses. Therefore, in legume crops and especially in cereal crops, plant type or canopy structure plays an important role in the maintenance of high root activity because the main supply of photosynthates comes from lower leaves to roots. Root crops benefit more than cereal and legume crops from the carbohydrate supply to roots because they have roots directly attached to sink organs.
  • T Shinano, M Osaki, T Tadano PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 114 (3) 209 -209 1997年07月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 鮫島 啓彰, 川向 剛史, 松本 美奈, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 43 (43) 112 -112 1997年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • MG Li, T Shinano, T Tadano Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 43 (1) 237 -245 1997年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The distribution of secretory acid phosphatase and organic acids enhanced by phosphorus deficiency in lupin rhizosphere was investigated using a rhizobox system which separated the rhizosphere soil into 0.5 mm fractions. In the soil fraction closest to the root surface, the lupin exudates displayed an acid phosphatase activity of 0.73 u g(-1) dry soil and citrate concentration of 85.2 mu mol g(-1) dry soil, respectively. The increase of the acid phosphatase activity induced an appreciable depletion of organic P in the rhizosphere, indicating that lupin efficiently utilized the organic P from soil through the enzyme activity. The sterile treatments demonstrated that the acid phosphatase in the rhizosphere was mainly derived from lupin root secretions. The secretory organic acids enhanced considerably the solubility of the inorganic P in three types of soil and a sludge. However, the secretory acid phosphatase and organic acids from lupin roots were only detected in a considerable amount in 0-2.5 mm soil fractions from root surface.
  • M Osaki, T Shinano, M Matsumoto, J Ushiki, MM Shinano, S Yamada, M Urayama, T Tadano Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 43 (1) 11 -24 1997年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Based on the previous paper (Osaki et al. 1995, Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 41, 635-647), crops were classified by root characteristics for nitrogen uptake as follows: Group I (small root dry weight (RW) and high specific absorption rate of nitrogen (SAR(N))): legumes, potato, and beet; group II (large RW and low SAR(N)): cereals; and group III (large RW and high SAR(N)): sunflower. In the roots of field crops subjected to various treatments in a held of Hokkaido University, the nitrogen, calcium, and magnesium contents in roots were relatively higher in group I than in groups II and III. Potassium content in roots was high in maize and sunflower. Phosphorus content in roots in groups I and II increased linearly with the increase of the nitrogen content, and the contents of both minerals were higher in group II than in group I. However, the phosphorus content in group III remained constant or increased slightly with the increase of the nitrogen content. Potassium content in roots in groups I and II did not change with the increase of the nitrogen content up to a value of about 20 mg g(-1), then it increased slightly with the increase of the nitrogen content above a value of about 20 mg g(-1), especially in group I Potassium content; in roots in group III was constant regardless of nitrogen content. Calcium and magnesium contents were not related to the nitrogen content in groups I and II, but increased with the increase of the nitrogen content in group III. SAR(N) increased exponentially with the increase of the nitrogen content in the roots of groups I and II. In group I, the values of SAR(N) were generally higher than in group II for a similar nitrogen content, while in group III, SAR(N) increased linearly with the increase of nitrogen content in roots. Consequently, it appears that nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition in roots is very important for the maintenance of root activity (SAR(N)).
  • MG Li, T Shinano, T Tadano SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 43 (1) 237 -245 1997年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The distribution of secretory acid phosphatase and organic acids enhanced by phosphorus deficiency in lupin rhizosphere was investigated using a rhizobox system which separated the rhizosphere soil into 0.5 mm fractions. In the soil fraction closest to the root surface, the lupin exudates displayed an acid phosphatase activity of 0.73 u g(-1) dry soil and citrate concentration of 85.2 mu mol g(-1) dry soil, respectively. The increase of the acid phosphatase activity induced an appreciable depletion of organic P in the rhizosphere, indicating that lupin efficiently utilized the organic P from soil through the enzyme activity. The sterile treatments demonstrated that the acid phosphatase in the rhizosphere was mainly derived from lupin root secretions. The secretory organic acids enhanced considerably the solubility of the inorganic P in three types of soil and a sludge. However, the secretory acid phosphatase and organic acids from lupin roots were only detected in a considerable amount in 0-2.5 mm soil fractions from root surface.
  • M Osaki, T Shinano, M Matsumoto, J Ushiki, MM Shinano, S Yamada, M Urayama, T Tadano SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 43 (1) 11 -24 1997年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Based on the previous paper (Osaki et al. 1995, Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 41, 635-647), crops were classified by root characteristics for nitrogen uptake as follows: Group I (small root dry weight (RW) and high specific absorption rate of nitrogen (SAR(N))): legumes, potato, and beet; group II (large RW and low SAR(N)): cereals; and group III (large RW and high SAR(N)): sunflower. In the roots of field crops subjected to various treatments in a held of Hokkaido University, the nitrogen, calcium, and magnesium contents in roots were relatively higher in group I than in groups II and III. Potassium content in roots was high in maize and sunflower. Phosphorus content in roots in groups I and II increased linearly with the increase of the nitrogen content, and the contents of both minerals were higher in group II than in group I. However, the phosphorus content in group III remained constant or increased slightly with the increase of the nitrogen content. Potassium content in roots in groups I and II did not change with the increase of the nitrogen content up to a value of about 20 mg g(-1), then it increased slightly with the increase of the nitrogen content above a value of about 20 mg g(-1), especially in group I Potassium content; in roots in group III was constant regardless of nitrogen content. Calcium and magnesium contents were not related to the nitrogen content in groups I and II, but increased with the increase of the nitrogen content in group III. SAR(N) increased exponentially with the increase of the nitrogen content in the roots of groups I and II. In group I, the values of SAR(N) were generally higher than in group II for a similar nitrogen content, while in group III, SAR(N) increased linearly with the increase of nitrogen content in roots. Consequently, it appears that nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition in roots is very important for the maintenance of root activity (SAR(N)).
  • 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 鮫島啓彰, 川向剛史, 松本美奈, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 43 112 -112 1997年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Different system of Current Photosynthesized Carbon Distribution into Carbon and Nitrogen Compounds between Rice and Soybean(共著)
    Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 43 (4) 789 -798 1997年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Different system of Current Photosynthesized Carbon Distribution into Carbon and Nitrogen Compounds between Rice and Soybean(共著)
    Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 43 (4) 789 -798 1997年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 鮫島 啓彰, 川向 剛史, 松本 美奈, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 43 (0) 112 -112 1997年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • T Shinano, M Osaki, T Tadano Soil Sciene and Plant Nutrition 42 (4) 773 -784 1996年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    According to Thornley, J.H.M. (Nature, 227, 304-305, 1970) and McCree, K.J. (Crop Sci., 14, 509-514, 1974), respiratory substances are used only for maintenance respiration when plants are exposed to the dark conditions for a long period of time (more than 2 d). The maintenance respiration is also affected by the nitrogen status in plant, because protein turnover is one of the major energy consumption sources under maintenance process. Therefore, to determine whether respiratory substances are used only for maintenance, C-14-[U]-sucrose or a mixture of C-14-[U]-amino acids was introduced to rice and soybean plants from the tip of leaf. Plants were grown under natural light conditions and under dark conditions for 4 d with 2 nitrogen levels (0.2 and 0.02 g N L(-1) soil). After the introduction of the C-14-compounds, the (CO2)-C-14 respiratory rate was monitored during 24 h, then the C-14 distribution to organic acids, free amino acids, proteins, sugars, and polysaccharides was analyzed. Following results were obtained. 1) When C-14-[U]-sucrose Or it mixture Of C-14-[U]-amino acids was introduced to the leaf of rice and soybean plants, the C-14 release rate by respiration was not affected by the nitrogen and light treatments except when C-14-sucrose was introduced to soybean in the low N plot. The C-14 release rate from the C-14-compounds introduced into leaf in the low N plot of soybean was higher in the dark treatment than in the natural light treatment. 2) C-14-distribution ratio after introduction of C-14-sucrose and a mixture of C-14-amino acids to the leaf was not significantly affected by the nitrogen treatment. When C-14-sucrose was introduced to rice leaf, the C-14-distribution ratio to sugars and proteins was higher and that to polysaccharides was lower in the natural light treatment than in the dark treatment. The C-14-distribution ratio was less affected by the light or nitrogen treatment in case of soybean leaf. 3) Although it was assumed that maintenance metabolism was dominant in the lower leaf (counted from the bottom), the C-14-distribution ratio was similar to that of upper leaf. 4) Nitrogen content of leaf was not different between rice and soybean in the high N treatment, unlike the C-14-distribution ratio. In rice, the nitrogen content of leaf was about twice as high in the high N treatment compared with the low N treatment, while the C-14-distribution ratio in leaf was stable regardless of nitrogen treatment. Based on the above results, it is suggested that since the C-14-distribution ratio into each chemical component did not change regardless of light treatment, nitrogen treatment, or leaf age, it was impossible to separate respiration into two components, such as growth and maintenance respiration. The results also indicated that current photosynthates and storage substances were not used only for growth and maintenance, respectively.
  • T Shinano, M Osaki, T Tadano SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 42 (4) 773 -784 1996年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    According to Thornley, J.H.M. (Nature, 227, 304-305, 1970) and McCree, K.J. (Crop Sci., 14, 509-514, 1974), respiratory substances are used only for maintenance respiration when plants are exposed to the dark conditions for a long period of time (more than 2 d). The maintenance respiration is also affected by the nitrogen status in plant, because protein turnover is one of the major energy consumption sources under maintenance process. Therefore, to determine whether respiratory substances are used only for maintenance, C-14-[U]-sucrose or a mixture of C-14-[U]-amino acids was introduced to rice and soybean plants from the tip of leaf. Plants were grown under natural light conditions and under dark conditions for 4 d with 2 nitrogen levels (0.2 and 0.02 g N L(-1) soil). After the introduction of the C-14-compounds, the (CO2)-C-14 respiratory rate was monitored during 24 h, then the C-14 distribution to organic acids, free amino acids, proteins, sugars, and polysaccharides was analyzed. Following results were obtained. 1) When C-14-[U]-sucrose Or it mixture Of C-14-[U]-amino acids was introduced to the leaf of rice and soybean plants, the C-14 release rate by respiration was not affected by the nitrogen and light treatments except when C-14-sucrose was introduced to soybean in the low N plot. The C-14 release rate from the C-14-compounds introduced into leaf in the low N plot of soybean was higher in the dark treatment than in the natural light treatment. 2) C-14-distribution ratio after introduction of C-14-sucrose and a mixture of C-14-amino acids to the leaf was not significantly affected by the nitrogen treatment. When C-14-sucrose was introduced to rice leaf, the C-14-distribution ratio to sugars and proteins was higher and that to polysaccharides was lower in the natural light treatment than in the dark treatment. The C-14-distribution ratio was less affected by the light or nitrogen treatment in case of soybean leaf. 3) Although it was assumed that maintenance metabolism was dominant in the lower leaf (counted from the bottom), the C-14-distribution ratio was similar to that of upper leaf. 4) Nitrogen content of leaf was not different between rice and soybean in the high N treatment, unlike the C-14-distribution ratio. In rice, the nitrogen content of leaf was about twice as high in the high N treatment compared with the low N treatment, while the C-14-distribution ratio in leaf was stable regardless of nitrogen treatment. Based on the above results, it is suggested that since the C-14-distribution ratio into each chemical component did not change regardless of light treatment, nitrogen treatment, or leaf age, it was impossible to separate respiration into two components, such as growth and maintenance respiration. The results also indicated that current photosynthates and storage substances were not used only for growth and maintenance, respectively.
  • 大崎 満, 松本 美奈, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料學雜誌 67 (4) 459 -459 1996年08月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • M Osaki, M Matsumoto, T Shinano, T Tadano Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 42 (2) 289 -301 1996年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Root crops such as potato, beet, and sweet potato produced high yields with application of coated fertilizers, which corresponded to the maximum yields reported in Hokkaido (northern part of Japan). Based on the following results, a root-shoot interaction model was proposed to explain the high productivity of root crops. 1) The highest biological yields (Y-b, g m(-2) based on dry matter) were 2,130 in potato, 2,120 in beet, and 1,660 in sweet potato. The highest economic yields (Y-e, g m(-2) based on dry matter) were 1,710 in potato, 1,540 in beet, and 1,050 in sweet potato. In Hokkaido the growth duration of sweet potato was limited to only 105 d due to the cold climate, while, sweet potato achieved a high productivity during the short growth duration in comparison with cereal and legume crops. 2) The k-value, which is an indicator of plant type, was not related to productivity within root crops, and the k-value of root crops was higher than that of cereal crops. Therefore, plant type is not the fundamental factor to explain the difference in crop productivity. 3) The net assimilation rate of beet was lower than that of potato and sweet potato, but beet could obtain a high Y-b because a high constant leaf area index was retained over the long period of growth. 4) Accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium continued until harvest in the high-yielding varieties (hereafter abbreviates as HYVs) of potato and beet, while in sweet potato it almost ceased at the early swelling stage of tuberous root. The harvest index of N, P, and K of sweet potato was lower than that of potato and beet. 5) Specific absorption rates of N, P, and K by roots were higher in the HYVs than in the varieties with standard yield (hereafter abbreviates as SYVs) at the maximum shoot growth stage. Consequently, plant type-theory was not sufficient to account for the high-yield of crops, especially root crops. Since the photosynthetic rate (dry matter increase) and root activity (nutrient absorption) remained constant during maturation in the HYVs, it is suggested that in these varieties, root and shoot mutually interact so that a high photosynthetic rate secures a high root activity by supplying a sufficient amount of photosynthates to roots and a high root activity secures a high photosynthetic rate by supplying a sufficient amount of nutrients to shoots. Thus in achieving high productivity root crops are able to maintain a balance between root and shoot activity because since in root crops the main sink is underground, photosynthates are actively distributed also to roots. Therefore, inferior plant type of root crops does not. prevent a high productivity.
  • M Osaki, M Matsumoto, T Shinano, T Tadano SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 42 (2) 289 -301 1996年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Root crops such as potato, beet, and sweet potato produced high yields with application of coated fertilizers, which corresponded to the maximum yields reported in Hokkaido (northern part of Japan). Based on the following results, a root-shoot interaction model was proposed to explain the high productivity of root crops. 1) The highest biological yields (Y-b, g m(-2) based on dry matter) were 2,130 in potato, 2,120 in beet, and 1,660 in sweet potato. The highest economic yields (Y-e, g m(-2) based on dry matter) were 1,710 in potato, 1,540 in beet, and 1,050 in sweet potato. In Hokkaido the growth duration of sweet potato was limited to only 105 d due to the cold climate, while, sweet potato achieved a high productivity during the short growth duration in comparison with cereal and legume crops. 2) The k-value, which is an indicator of plant type, was not related to productivity within root crops, and the k-value of root crops was higher than that of cereal crops. Therefore, plant type is not the fundamental factor to explain the difference in crop productivity. 3) The net assimilation rate of beet was lower than that of potato and sweet potato, but beet could obtain a high Y-b because a high constant leaf area index was retained over the long period of growth. 4) Accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium continued until harvest in the high-yielding varieties (hereafter abbreviates as HYVs) of potato and beet, while in sweet potato it almost ceased at the early swelling stage of tuberous root. The harvest index of N, P, and K of sweet potato was lower than that of potato and beet. 5) Specific absorption rates of N, P, and K by roots were higher in the HYVs than in the varieties with standard yield (hereafter abbreviates as SYVs) at the maximum shoot growth stage. Consequently, plant type-theory was not sufficient to account for the high-yield of crops, especially root crops. Since the photosynthetic rate (dry matter increase) and root activity (nutrient absorption) remained constant during maturation in the HYVs, it is suggested that in these varieties, root and shoot mutually interact so that a high photosynthetic rate secures a high root activity by supplying a sufficient amount of photosynthates to roots and a high root activity secures a high photosynthetic rate by supplying a sufficient amount of nutrients to shoots. Thus in achieving high productivity root crops are able to maintain a balance between root and shoot activity because since in root crops the main sink is underground, photosynthates are actively distributed also to roots. Therefore, inferior plant type of root crops does not. prevent a high productivity.
  • 大橋 敬子, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 三浦 周, 中村 卓司, 河原 優美子, 稲津 脩, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 42 (42) 102 -102 1996年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大崎 満, 中村 卓司, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 42 (42) 105 -105 1996年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 加藤 学, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 42 (42) 113 -113 1996年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大澤 元成, 信濃 卓郎, 副島 洋, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 42 (42) 287 -287 1996年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大橋 敬子, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 三浦 周, 稲津 脩, 金田 隆史, 中村 卓司, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 42 (42) 287 -287 1996年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • M Osaki, H Ueda, T Shinano, H Matsui, T Tadano SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 42 (1) 220 -220 1996年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大沢元成, 信濃卓郎, 副島洋, 大崎満, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 42 287 -287 1996年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 加藤学, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 42 113 -113 1996年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大橋敬子, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 三浦周, 中村卓司, 河原優美子, 稲津おさむ, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 42 102 -102 1996年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大崎満, 中村卓司, 信濃卓郎, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 42 105 -105 1996年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大橋敬子, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 三浦周, 稲津おさむ, 金田隆史, 中村卓司, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 42 287 -287 1996年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 松本 美奈, 牛木 純, 信濃-森 満枝, 浦山 勝, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料學雜誌 67 (1) 90 -90 1996年02月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大崎 満, 白井 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料學雜誌 67 (1) 91 -92 1996年02月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大崎 満, 白井 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料學雜誌 67 (1) 92 -92 1996年02月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • T Shinano, TT Lei, T Kawamukai, MT Inoue, T Koike, T Tadano Photosynthetica 32 (3) 409 -415 1996年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    When dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was used as the extraction solvent for the leaves of wheat and field bean, a large increase in the extraction of chlorophyll (Chi) a was observed in comparison with 80 % acetone or 96 % ethanol; however, the extraction of Chi b decreased by about one half. The leaf physical and morphological characteristics were important factors for the extraction of Chi by DMSO. From the evaluation of the physical disruption degree of the leaf tissue on dwarf bamboo and oak, maceration of leaf tissues was essential for extraction, especially of Chi b. As, using the maceration, the amount of extracted Chi b was about 2.0 times higher in wheat and dwarf bamboo, and 1.5 and 1.1 times higher in field bean and oak, respectively, the Chi content of higher plants determined by the non-destructive DMSO method should be reevaluated, particularly in graminoids such as wheat and dwarf bamboo.
  • T Shinano, TT Lei, T Kawamukai, MT Inoue, T Koike, T Tadano PHOTOSYNTHETICA 32 (3) 409 -415 1996年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    When dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was used as the extraction solvent for the leaves of wheat and field bean, a large increase in the extraction of chlorophyll (Chi) a was observed in comparison with 80 % acetone or 96 % ethanol; however, the extraction of Chi b decreased by about one half. The leaf physical and morphological characteristics were important factors for the extraction of Chi by DMSO. From the evaluation of the physical disruption degree of the leaf tissue on dwarf bamboo and oak, maceration of leaf tissues was essential for extraction, especially of Chi b. As, using the maceration, the amount of extracted Chi b was about 2.0 times higher in wheat and dwarf bamboo, and 1.5 and 1.1 times higher in field bean and oak, respectively, the Chi content of higher plants determined by the non-destructive DMSO method should be reevaluated, particularly in graminoids such as wheat and dwarf bamboo.
  • 大澤 元成, 信濃 卓郎, 副島 洋, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 42 (0) 287 -287 1996年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大橋 敬子, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 三浦 周, 稲津 脩, 金田 隆史, 中村 卓司, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 42 (0) 287 -287 1996年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 加藤 学, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 42 (0) 113 -113 1996年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大崎 満, 中村 卓司, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 42 (0) 105 -105 1996年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大橋 敬子, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 三浦 周, 中村 卓司, 河原 優美子, 稲津 脩, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 42 (0) 102 -102 1996年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • M OSAKI, H UEDA, T SHINANO, H MATSUI, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 41 (3) 547 -555 1995年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. var. Beniazuma) plants were grown in a cold region at 4 nitrogen application rates. Results are as follows. 1) Total dry weight and tuberous root dry weight decreased at a high nitrogen application rate (30 g N m(-2)). The growth at 30 N was restricted from the early growth stage and the nitrogen content was higher at 30 N. As the plant architecture at 30 N did not show a large difference compared to the low nitrogen application rate, it is assumed that the carbon metabolism of sweet potato was disturbed by the high rate of nitrogen application at which level other held crops grew well, but not by mutual shading. 2) Harvest index of dry weight and nitrogen for sweet potato ranged from 0.6 to 0.7, and 0.2 to 0.5, respectively. Thus, the distribution of nitrogen to tuberous roots was lower than that of carbon (dry weight). Therefore, sweet potato has an ability to attain a high potential productivity at low nitrogen application rates because a high photosynthetic rate can be maintained due to the high distribution ratio of nitrogen to leaves compared to potato or grain crops. 3) Ratio of sporamine and beta-amylase to total nitrogen in tuberous roots increased with growth until 105 d after transplanting, then decreased. 4) Main amino acids consisted of alanine, aspartic acid, asparagine, and glutamic acid in leaves, asparagine in stems, asparagine and glutamic acid in tuberous roots.
  • M OSAKI, H UEDA, T SHINANO, H MATSUI, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 41 (3) 557 -566 1995年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. var. Beniazuma) plants were grown in the field of Hokkaido University where the following treatments: (1) application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (C plot), (2) absence of nitrogen application (-N plot), (3) absence of phosphorus application (-P plot), and (4) absence of potassium application (-K plot) have been maintained for 76 y. Results obtained were as follows. 1) Under nitrogen deficiency, total dry weight and tuberous root dry weight decreased. Harvest index for dry weight in the -N plot was highest, while the harvest index for nitrogen was the lowest among the treatments, suggesting that high nitrogen use efficiency was achieved in the -N plot. 2) Under phosphorus deficiency, total dry weight was the same as that in the C plot, while tuberous root dry weight was strictly restricted, suggesting that the construction of proteins or cellulose in leaves was stimulated, and the construction of starch in tuberous roots was restricted in the -P plot. 3) Under potassium deficiency, since nitrogen absorption was not restricted compared with the control, and phosphorus absorption was restricted, the nutritional status of the plants showed a nitrogen excess, suggesting that nitrogen excess and disorder of phloem transport adversely affected the sweet potato growth.
  • T SHINANO, M OSAKI, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 41 (3) 471 -480 1995年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    To investigate the cause of the low productivity per unit amount of nitrogen absorbed in Leguminosae compared to Gramineae, the respiratory rates of shoot, root, and a single leaf of rice and soybean were monitored during the vegetative growth stage at 3 levels of nitrogen application using hydroponic culture. The results obtained were as follows. 1) The respiratory rate of shoot and a single leaf in soybean was higher than that in rice. The growth efficiency [accumulated dry matter/(accumulated dry matter+respiration)] of whole plant of soybean was lower than that of rice, regardless of nitrogen treatment. The low productivity based on nitrogen accumulation in soybean during the vegetative growth stage was ascribed mainly to the higher respiratory activity of shoot and single leaf. 2) As the effect of nitrogen application on the growth efficiency in both rice and soybean was negligible, and the nitrogen (protein) content of each organ and whole plant was not always high in soybean, it is suggested that the high respiratory rate in soybean is not due to energy supply for the construction of protein, which is normally considered to account for a major part of growth respiration. 3) Nitrogen application rate and temperature did not exert an appreciable effect on growth efficiency. Since, maintenance respiration is generally considered to be affected by the temperature and protein turnover, the contribution of maintenance respiration to total respiration may be negligible.
  • M OSAKI, H UEDA, T SHINANO, H MATSUI, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 41 (3) 547 -555 1995年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. var. Beniazuma) plants were grown in a cold region at 4 nitrogen application rates. Results are as follows. 1) Total dry weight and tuberous root dry weight decreased at a high nitrogen application rate (30 g N m(-2)). The growth at 30 N was restricted from the early growth stage and the nitrogen content was higher at 30 N. As the plant architecture at 30 N did not show a large difference compared to the low nitrogen application rate, it is assumed that the carbon metabolism of sweet potato was disturbed by the high rate of nitrogen application at which level other held crops grew well, but not by mutual shading. 2) Harvest index of dry weight and nitrogen for sweet potato ranged from 0.6 to 0.7, and 0.2 to 0.5, respectively. Thus, the distribution of nitrogen to tuberous roots was lower than that of carbon (dry weight). Therefore, sweet potato has an ability to attain a high potential productivity at low nitrogen application rates because a high photosynthetic rate can be maintained due to the high distribution ratio of nitrogen to leaves compared to potato or grain crops. 3) Ratio of sporamine and beta-amylase to total nitrogen in tuberous roots increased with growth until 105 d after transplanting, then decreased. 4) Main amino acids consisted of alanine, aspartic acid, asparagine, and glutamic acid in leaves, asparagine in stems, asparagine and glutamic acid in tuberous roots.
  • M OSAKI, H UEDA, T SHINANO, H MATSUI, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 41 (3) 557 -566 1995年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. var. Beniazuma) plants were grown in the field of Hokkaido University where the following treatments: (1) application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (C plot), (2) absence of nitrogen application (-N plot), (3) absence of phosphorus application (-P plot), and (4) absence of potassium application (-K plot) have been maintained for 76 y. Results obtained were as follows. 1) Under nitrogen deficiency, total dry weight and tuberous root dry weight decreased. Harvest index for dry weight in the -N plot was highest, while the harvest index for nitrogen was the lowest among the treatments, suggesting that high nitrogen use efficiency was achieved in the -N plot. 2) Under phosphorus deficiency, total dry weight was the same as that in the C plot, while tuberous root dry weight was strictly restricted, suggesting that the construction of proteins or cellulose in leaves was stimulated, and the construction of starch in tuberous roots was restricted in the -P plot. 3) Under potassium deficiency, since nitrogen absorption was not restricted compared with the control, and phosphorus absorption was restricted, the nutritional status of the plants showed a nitrogen excess, suggesting that nitrogen excess and disorder of phloem transport adversely affected the sweet potato growth.
  • T SHINANO, M OSAKI, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 41 (3) 471 -480 1995年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    To investigate the cause of the low productivity per unit amount of nitrogen absorbed in Leguminosae compared to Gramineae, the respiratory rates of shoot, root, and a single leaf of rice and soybean were monitored during the vegetative growth stage at 3 levels of nitrogen application using hydroponic culture. The results obtained were as follows. 1) The respiratory rate of shoot and a single leaf in soybean was higher than that in rice. The growth efficiency [accumulated dry matter/(accumulated dry matter+respiration)] of whole plant of soybean was lower than that of rice, regardless of nitrogen treatment. The low productivity based on nitrogen accumulation in soybean during the vegetative growth stage was ascribed mainly to the higher respiratory activity of shoot and single leaf. 2) As the effect of nitrogen application on the growth efficiency in both rice and soybean was negligible, and the nitrogen (protein) content of each organ and whole plant was not always high in soybean, it is suggested that the high respiratory rate in soybean is not due to energy supply for the construction of protein, which is normally considered to account for a major part of growth respiration. 3) Nitrogen application rate and temperature did not exert an appreciable effect on growth efficiency. Since, maintenance respiration is generally considered to be affected by the temperature and protein turnover, the contribution of maintenance respiration to total respiration may be negligible.
  • 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 根の研究 4 (2) 43 -46 1995年06月01日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中村 卓司, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 41 (41) 112 -112 1995年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 41 (41) 113 -113 1995年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大橋 敬子, 中村 卓司, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 三浦 周, 稲津 脩, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 41 (41) 116 -116 1995年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大橋 敬子, 中村 卓司, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 三浦 周, 稲津 脩, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 41 (41) 279 -279 1995年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 金田 隆史, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 中村 卓司, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 41 (41) 280 -280 1995年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • M OSAKI, D MATSUMOTO, T SHINANO, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 41 (1) 65 -73 1995年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    For the study of the C-14-behavior of introduced C-14-compounds, C-14-[U]- sucrose, C-14-[U]-asparagine, and C-14-[U]-serine were introduced from the tip of the leaf at the vegetative growth stage of rice and sorghum plants, which were grown With NH4-N or NO3-N, and under light or dark conditions. The results obtained were as follows. 1) Pattern of (CO2)-C-14 release rate was similar between light-light (indicating light conditions before and after C-14-compounds were introduced) and dark-light conditions, and between light-dark and dark-dark conditions, but different between light-light and light-dark conditions and between dark-light and dark-dark conditions, irrespective of crop species. Thus, (CO2)-C-14, release rate was strongly affected by the light conditions after introduction of the C-14-compounds. 2) Since the (CO2)-C-14 release rate of rice was higher than that of sorghum under the light condition, it was assumed that sorghum was able to reassimilate CO2 which was released by respiration in the cells. 3) (CO2)-C-14, release from introduced C-14-sucrose and introduced C-14-asparagine was not affected by the nitrogen source, but (CO2)-C-14 release from C-14-serine was larger to some extent when NO3-NO was applied than when NH4-N was applied.
  • T SHINANO, M OSAKI, K KOMATSU, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 41 (1) 21 -31 1995年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    In the harvesting organs, growth efficiency experimentally obtained (GE = W / (W + R), where W is the amount of dry matter expressed on a carbon basis and R is the amount of respired carbon) was higher than the theoretically estimated GE(PV), which was calculated from the biochemical pathways of synthesis of chemical components (Shinano et al. 1993). Therefore, it was assumed that there was a reassimilation in the harvesting organs of CO2 produced. We investigated the phospho enolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity, photosynthesis and respiration in the harvesting organs of various crops (rice, barley, oat, soybean, field bean, lupin, pea, adzuki bean, chick-pea, peanut, potato, sunflower, safflower, flax, rape, castor bean, and cotton). 1) When the reassimilation activity of CO2 was expressed by the PEPC activity, the value of GE including CO2 reassimilated (GE(PEPC)) became slightly lower than that of GE, but there was still a large difference between GE(PEPC) and GE(PV), especially in soybean and peanut. 2) Under light conditions, CO2 was taken up to some extent by the harvesting organs of rice, barley, rape, and flax only at the early maturation stage, whereas CO2 was released from the harvesting organs of soybean, adzuki bean and chick-pea throughout the maturation stage. Under dark conditions, CO2 was released from the harvesting organs in all the crops, and the amount was especially large in soybean, field bean, adzuki bean, rape, and flax. 3) Assimilation of atmospheric (CO2)-C-14, by the harvesting organs of rice and soybean occurred under light and dark conditions. However, the amount of (CO2)-C-14, assimilated was small under dark conditions. The (CO2)-C-14 releasing rate from the harvesting organs under light and dark conditions was higher in rice than in soybean, when (CO2)-C-14 was assimilated by the harvesting organs. 4) When C-14-[U]-sucrose or C-14-[U]-asparagine was introduced to the harvesting organs of rice and soybean through the cut end of the harvesting organ, the (CO2)-C-14, releasing rate under dark conditions was higher in rice than in soybean. These results indicated that it is not possible to develop a simple model of production efficiency based on the relationship among respiratory rate, relative growth rate and content of each chemical compound in harvesting organs.
  • M OSAKI, D MATSUMOTO, T SHINANO, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 41 (1) 65 -73 1995年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    For the study of the C-14-behavior of introduced C-14-compounds, C-14-[U]- sucrose, C-14-[U]-asparagine, and C-14-[U]-serine were introduced from the tip of the leaf at the vegetative growth stage of rice and sorghum plants, which were grown With NH4-N or NO3-N, and under light or dark conditions. The results obtained were as follows. 1) Pattern of (CO2)-C-14 release rate was similar between light-light (indicating light conditions before and after C-14-compounds were introduced) and dark-light conditions, and between light-dark and dark-dark conditions, but different between light-light and light-dark conditions and between dark-light and dark-dark conditions, irrespective of crop species. Thus, (CO2)-C-14, release rate was strongly affected by the light conditions after introduction of the C-14-compounds. 2) Since the (CO2)-C-14 release rate of rice was higher than that of sorghum under the light condition, it was assumed that sorghum was able to reassimilate CO2 which was released by respiration in the cells. 3) (CO2)-C-14, release from introduced C-14-sucrose and introduced C-14-asparagine was not affected by the nitrogen source, but (CO2)-C-14 release from C-14-serine was larger to some extent when NO3-NO was applied than when NH4-N was applied.
  • T SHINANO, M OSAKI, K KOMATSU, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 41 (1) 21 -31 1995年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    In the harvesting organs, growth efficiency experimentally obtained (GE = W / (W + R), where W is the amount of dry matter expressed on a carbon basis and R is the amount of respired carbon) was higher than the theoretically estimated GE(PV), which was calculated from the biochemical pathways of synthesis of chemical components (Shinano et al. 1993). Therefore, it was assumed that there was a reassimilation in the harvesting organs of CO2 produced. We investigated the phospho enolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity, photosynthesis and respiration in the harvesting organs of various crops (rice, barley, oat, soybean, field bean, lupin, pea, adzuki bean, chick-pea, peanut, potato, sunflower, safflower, flax, rape, castor bean, and cotton). 1) When the reassimilation activity of CO2 was expressed by the PEPC activity, the value of GE including CO2 reassimilated (GE(PEPC)) became slightly lower than that of GE, but there was still a large difference between GE(PEPC) and GE(PV), especially in soybean and peanut. 2) Under light conditions, CO2 was taken up to some extent by the harvesting organs of rice, barley, rape, and flax only at the early maturation stage, whereas CO2 was released from the harvesting organs of soybean, adzuki bean and chick-pea throughout the maturation stage. Under dark conditions, CO2 was released from the harvesting organs in all the crops, and the amount was especially large in soybean, field bean, adzuki bean, rape, and flax. 3) Assimilation of atmospheric (CO2)-C-14, by the harvesting organs of rice and soybean occurred under light and dark conditions. However, the amount of (CO2)-C-14, assimilated was small under dark conditions. The (CO2)-C-14 releasing rate from the harvesting organs under light and dark conditions was higher in rice than in soybean, when (CO2)-C-14 was assimilated by the harvesting organs. 4) When C-14-[U]-sucrose or C-14-[U]-asparagine was introduced to the harvesting organs of rice and soybean through the cut end of the harvesting organ, the (CO2)-C-14, releasing rate under dark conditions was higher in rice than in soybean. These results indicated that it is not possible to develop a simple model of production efficiency based on the relationship among respiratory rate, relative growth rate and content of each chemical compound in harvesting organs.
  • 中村卓司, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 41 112 -112 1995年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大橋敬子, 中村卓司, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 三浦周, 稲津おさむ, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 41 116 -116 1995年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎, 大崎満 根の研究 4 (1) 6 -9 1995年03月01日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 41 113 -113 1995年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大橋敬子, 中村卓司, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 三浦周, 稲津おさむ, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 41 279 -279 1995年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 金田隆史, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 中村卓司, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 41 280 -280 1995年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Productivity of High-yielding Crops. V. Root Growth and Root Activity.
    Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 41 (4) 635 -647 1995年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Behavior of 15NH4-N and 15NO3-N Assimilated in Potato Plant.
    Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 41 (4) 709 -719 1995年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Effects of NH4-N and NO3-N Assimilated in Potato Plant on the Tuber Swelling and Nitrogen Distribution
    Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 41 (4) 699 -708 1995年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Productivity of High-yielding Crops. V. Root Growth and Root Activity.
    Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 41 (4) 635 -647 1995年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Behavior of 15NH4-N and 15NO3-N Assimilated in Potato Plant.
    Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 41 (4) 709 -719 1995年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Effects of NH4-N and NO3-N Assimilated in Potato Plant on the Tuber Swelling and Nitrogen Distribution
    Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 41 (4) 699 -708 1995年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 金田 隆史, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 中村 卓司, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 41 (0) 280 -280 1995年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大橋 敬子, 中村 卓司, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 三浦 周, 稲津 脩, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 41 (0) 279 -279 1995年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 41 (0) 1995年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大橋 敬子, 中村 卓司, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 三浦 周, 稲津 脩, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 41 (0) 116 -116 1995年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中村 卓司, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 41 (0) 1995年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • M OSAKI, D MATSUMOTO, T SHINANO, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 40 (4) 637 -646 1994年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    C-14-[U]-sucrose, C-14-[U]-asparagine, and C-14-[U]-serine were introduced from the tip of the flag leaf at the mid-ripening stage of rice and sorghum plants, which were grown without nitrogen application after flowering, and the C-14-behavior of the introduced C-14-compounds was studied. The results obtained were as follows. 1) When C-14-[U]-sucrose was introduced to the leaf, the amount of (CO2)-C-14 released by respiration from the leaf was larger under dark conditions than under light conditions in both crops. Since the amount of (CO2)-C-14 released by sorghum was smaller than that of rice under both light conditions, it was assumed that sorghum had reassimilated CO2 which was once released in the plant tissues. 2) When C-14-[U]-asparagine was introduced to the leaf, the amount of (CO2)-C-14 released by respiration from the leaf under light conditions was similar to that under dark conditions in rice, but it was larger under dark conditions in sorghum. Although a large amount of C-14-asparagine was retained in sorghum, it was actively metabolized in rice. 3) When C-14-[U]-serine was introduced, the amount of (CO2)-C-14 released by respiration was larger under dark conditions than under light conditions in sorghum. The C-14 of C-14-serine in rice was actively respired and used for the synthesis of sugar, especially under light conditions. 4) The C-14 of each C-14-compound introduced was translocated into other organs more rapidly in rice than in sorghum. From the above results, it is considered that the C-14-compounds introduced to the vascular bundles were basically metabolized in a different manner in rice and sorghum, including the difference in the (CO2)-C-14 reassimilation rate and C-14 translocation rate into other organs.
  • M OSAKI, D MATSUMOTO, T SHINANO, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 40 (4) 637 -646 1994年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    C-14-[U]-sucrose, C-14-[U]-asparagine, and C-14-[U]-serine were introduced from the tip of the flag leaf at the mid-ripening stage of rice and sorghum plants, which were grown without nitrogen application after flowering, and the C-14-behavior of the introduced C-14-compounds was studied. The results obtained were as follows. 1) When C-14-[U]-sucrose was introduced to the leaf, the amount of (CO2)-C-14 released by respiration from the leaf was larger under dark conditions than under light conditions in both crops. Since the amount of (CO2)-C-14 released by sorghum was smaller than that of rice under both light conditions, it was assumed that sorghum had reassimilated CO2 which was once released in the plant tissues. 2) When C-14-[U]-asparagine was introduced to the leaf, the amount of (CO2)-C-14 released by respiration from the leaf under light conditions was similar to that under dark conditions in rice, but it was larger under dark conditions in sorghum. Although a large amount of C-14-asparagine was retained in sorghum, it was actively metabolized in rice. 3) When C-14-[U]-serine was introduced, the amount of (CO2)-C-14 released by respiration was larger under dark conditions than under light conditions in sorghum. The C-14 of C-14-serine in rice was actively respired and used for the synthesis of sugar, especially under light conditions. 4) The C-14 of each C-14-compound introduced was translocated into other organs more rapidly in rice than in sorghum. From the above results, it is considered that the C-14-compounds introduced to the vascular bundles were basically metabolized in a different manner in rice and sorghum, including the difference in the (CO2)-C-14 reassimilation rate and C-14 translocation rate into other organs.
  • T SHINANO, M OSAKI, S YAMADA, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 40 (3) 485 -495 1994年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Eight Gramineae crops (rice, spring wheat, barley, oat, maize, sorghum, redtop, and orchardgrass), and seven Leguminosae crops (soybean, field bean, adzuki bean, lupin, pea, alfalfa, and red clover) were grown in a field. The characteristics of nitrogen absorption were parametrized as root size (root length or dry weight), root activity (specific absorption rate of nitrogen per unit root dry weight; SAR(N)), and photosynthetic factors (crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area index and net assimilation rate). The results were as follows. 1) The rate of nitrogen accumulation by plant (DELTAN) was highly correlated with the crop growth rate (CGR), and dry matter accumulation per unit amount of nitrogen accumulated in plant was lower in Leguminosae than in Gramineae. 2) In Leguminosae, the length or weight of root (root size) was generally shorter or smaller than in Gramineae. However, SAR(N) of Leguminosae was higher than that of Gramineae. Therefore, the increase in the root size was considered to contribute more significantly to the increase in the shoot weight in Leguminosae compared to Gramineae. 3) Throughout the growth, in Gramineae, SAR(N) and CGR were correlated with DELTAN, whereas in Leguminosae, LAI and CGR were correlated with DELTAN. Thus, nitrogen absorption was assumed to be basically regulated by the requirement of nitrogen in shoot. 4) Root function was found to be different among crops; in Gramineae at both early vegetative and late vegetative stages, SAR(N) was correlated with DELTAN, and in Leguminosae at the early vegetative stage, the root size was correlated with DELTAN, then at the late vegetative stage, the root activity (SAR(N)) became an important factor for the control of DELTAN.
  • T SHINANO, M OSAKI, S YAMADA, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 40 (3) 485 -495 1994年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Eight Gramineae crops (rice, spring wheat, barley, oat, maize, sorghum, redtop, and orchardgrass), and seven Leguminosae crops (soybean, field bean, adzuki bean, lupin, pea, alfalfa, and red clover) were grown in a field. The characteristics of nitrogen absorption were parametrized as root size (root length or dry weight), root activity (specific absorption rate of nitrogen per unit root dry weight; SAR(N)), and photosynthetic factors (crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area index and net assimilation rate). The results were as follows. 1) The rate of nitrogen accumulation by plant (DELTAN) was highly correlated with the crop growth rate (CGR), and dry matter accumulation per unit amount of nitrogen accumulated in plant was lower in Leguminosae than in Gramineae. 2) In Leguminosae, the length or weight of root (root size) was generally shorter or smaller than in Gramineae. However, SAR(N) of Leguminosae was higher than that of Gramineae. Therefore, the increase in the root size was considered to contribute more significantly to the increase in the shoot weight in Leguminosae compared to Gramineae. 3) Throughout the growth, in Gramineae, SAR(N) and CGR were correlated with DELTAN, whereas in Leguminosae, LAI and CGR were correlated with DELTAN. Thus, nitrogen absorption was assumed to be basically regulated by the requirement of nitrogen in shoot. 4) Root function was found to be different among crops; in Gramineae at both early vegetative and late vegetative stages, SAR(N) was correlated with DELTAN, and in Leguminosae at the early vegetative stage, the root size was correlated with DELTAN, then at the late vegetative stage, the root activity (SAR(N)) became an important factor for the control of DELTAN.
  • T SHINANO, M OSAKI SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 40 (2) 199 -209 1994年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    (CO2)-C-14, C-14-[U]-sucrose, and C-14-[U]-asparagine were introduced to the flag leaf of rice or fully-expanded leaf of soybean. The C-14-distribution to respired CO2 and each organ as well as to crude chemical components (sugars, amino acids, organic acids, protein, and the ''others'') was determined in the flag leaf of rice and fully-expanded leaf of soybean and the sink organ. The results obtained were as follows. 1. A large amount of (CO2)-C-14 was released rapidly from the leaf which assimilated (CO2)-C-14 in soybean both under dark and light conditions compared to rice. 2. A larger amount of C-14 in the flag leaf which assimilated (CO2)-C-14 was distributed to sugars after 24 h in rice than in soybean, regardless of light conditions. However, a larger amount of C-14 was distributed to protein and organic acids in soybean. 3. The (CO2)-C-14 release rate from the leaf to which C-14-sucrose and C-14-asparagine had been introduced was similar in rice and soybean, regardless of nitrogen supply. The (CO2)-C-14 release rate from the sink organ was higher in soybean than in rice when sucrose was introduced, but similar in both crops when asparagine was introduced. The above results indicate that the current photosynthates during CO2 assimilation were actively catabolized and respired in the source leaf of soybean compared to rice. As the utilization of C-14-sucrose or C-14-asparagine in the leaves did not differ significantly between rice and soybean, it is assumed that the use of these translocating compounds for respiration in the leaves was similar in rice and soybean. The low growth efficiency of soybean was partly due to the high respiratory loss of current photosynthates in leaves compared to rice, regardless of light or nitrogen conditions.
  • T SHINANO, M OSAKI SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 40 (2) 199 -209 1994年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    (CO2)-C-14, C-14-[U]-sucrose, and C-14-[U]-asparagine were introduced to the flag leaf of rice or fully-expanded leaf of soybean. The C-14-distribution to respired CO2 and each organ as well as to crude chemical components (sugars, amino acids, organic acids, protein, and the ''others'') was determined in the flag leaf of rice and fully-expanded leaf of soybean and the sink organ. The results obtained were as follows. 1. A large amount of (CO2)-C-14 was released rapidly from the leaf which assimilated (CO2)-C-14 in soybean both under dark and light conditions compared to rice. 2. A larger amount of C-14 in the flag leaf which assimilated (CO2)-C-14 was distributed to sugars after 24 h in rice than in soybean, regardless of light conditions. However, a larger amount of C-14 was distributed to protein and organic acids in soybean. 3. The (CO2)-C-14 release rate from the leaf to which C-14-sucrose and C-14-asparagine had been introduced was similar in rice and soybean, regardless of nitrogen supply. The (CO2)-C-14 release rate from the sink organ was higher in soybean than in rice when sucrose was introduced, but similar in both crops when asparagine was introduced. The above results indicate that the current photosynthates during CO2 assimilation were actively catabolized and respired in the source leaf of soybean compared to rice. As the utilization of C-14-sucrose or C-14-asparagine in the leaves did not differ significantly between rice and soybean, it is assumed that the use of these translocating compounds for respiration in the leaves was similar in rice and soybean. The low growth efficiency of soybean was partly due to the high respiratory loss of current photosynthates in leaves compared to rice, regardless of light or nitrogen conditions.
  • 大崎 満, 松本 実香, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料學雜誌 65 (2) 221 -222 1994年04月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中村 卓司, 大崎 満, 山田 智, 大橋 敬子, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 40 (40) 115 -115 1994年03月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 40 (40) 115 -115 1994年03月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 松本 美奈, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 40 (40) 116 -116 1994年03月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 松本 美奈, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 40 (40) 256 -256 1994年03月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中村 卓司, 大橋 敬子, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 40 (40) 258 -258 1994年03月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • M OSAKI, M MATSUMOTO, T SHINANO, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 40 (1) 19 -28 1994年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Several field crops were grown at different nitrogen levels during 6 y, and under combinations of nitrogen levels and plant density. Then the parameters which determine the economic yield (Ye) were evaluated by using the following formula. Ye=YbXHI(DM), Ye=Yb(N)XHI(N)/Nc(h.o.)X100, and Ye=GnX Gw, where Yb is the biological yield; HI(DM) is the harvest index of dry matter; HI(N) is the harvest index of nitrogen; Yb(N) is the amount of nitrogen accumulated in plants; Nc(h.o.) is the nitrogen content of harvesting organs; Gn is the number of grains or tubers; and Gw is the one-grain weight or one-tuber weight. As the parameters showed a close relationship with Yb(N) with few exceptions, they were expressed by the function of Yb(N) as follows. HI(DM)= a1Yb(N)+b1, HI(N)=a2Yb(N)+b2, Nc(h.o.)=a3Yb(N)+3, Gn=a4ln(Yb(N))+ b4, Gw=a5Yb(N)+b5, where, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, b1, b2, b3, b4, and b5 were constants. The HI(DM) and HI(N) were significantly constant in rice, maize, soybean, potato, and sugar beet because the al and a2 values were nearly zero, and HI(N) decreased with the increase of Yb(N) only in wheat. As Nc(b.o.) increased with the increase of Yb(N), Nc(h.o.) was the main factor determining the decrease of Ye when Yb(N) increased. As the value of a4 in all the crops was significantly stable, unlike the value of a5 in some crops, Ye was mainly determined by Gn which was affected by Yb(N). Thus, the Yb, HI(DM), HI(N), Nc(h.o.) parameters related to Yb(N) were useful for analyzing Ye.
  • M OSAKI, M MATSUMOTO, T SHINANO, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 40 (1) 19 -28 1994年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Several field crops were grown at different nitrogen levels during 6 y, and under combinations of nitrogen levels and plant density. Then the parameters which determine the economic yield (Ye) were evaluated by using the following formula. Ye=YbXHI(DM), Ye=Yb(N)XHI(N)/Nc(h.o.)X100, and Ye=GnX Gw, where Yb is the biological yield; HI(DM) is the harvest index of dry matter; HI(N) is the harvest index of nitrogen; Yb(N) is the amount of nitrogen accumulated in plants; Nc(h.o.) is the nitrogen content of harvesting organs; Gn is the number of grains or tubers; and Gw is the one-grain weight or one-tuber weight. As the parameters showed a close relationship with Yb(N) with few exceptions, they were expressed by the function of Yb(N) as follows. HI(DM)= a1Yb(N)+b1, HI(N)=a2Yb(N)+b2, Nc(h.o.)=a3Yb(N)+3, Gn=a4ln(Yb(N))+ b4, Gw=a5Yb(N)+b5, where, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, b1, b2, b3, b4, and b5 were constants. The HI(DM) and HI(N) were significantly constant in rice, maize, soybean, potato, and sugar beet because the al and a2 values were nearly zero, and HI(N) decreased with the increase of Yb(N) only in wheat. As Nc(b.o.) increased with the increase of Yb(N), Nc(h.o.) was the main factor determining the decrease of Ye when Yb(N) increased. As the value of a4 in all the crops was significantly stable, unlike the value of a5 in some crops, Ye was mainly determined by Gn which was affected by Yb(N). Thus, the Yb, HI(DM), HI(N), Nc(h.o.) parameters related to Yb(N) were useful for analyzing Ye.
  • 中村卓司, 大崎満, 山田智, 大橋敬子, 信濃卓郎, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 40 115 -115 1994年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 松本美奈, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 40 116 1994年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 40 115 -115 1994年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中村卓司, 大橋敬子, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 40 258 -258 1994年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 松本美奈, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 但野利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 40 256 -256 1994年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大崎 満, 藤崎 裕之, 森川 和浩, 松本 実香, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料學雜誌 65 (1) 102 -102 1994年02月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中村 卓司, 大橋 敬子, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 40 (0) 1994年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 松本 美奈, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 40 (0) 256 -256 1994年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 松本 美奈, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 40 (0) 1994年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 40 (0) 1994年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 中村 卓司, 大崎 満, 山田 智, 大橋 敬子, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 40 (0) 1994年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • M OSAKI, Y FUJISAKI, K MORIKAWA, M MATSUMOTO, T SHINANO, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 39 (4) 605 -615 1993年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The biological yield ( Y(b) glucose basis) of crops can be expressed by the following formula: Y(b) = E(u) X E(a), and Y(b) = N AR X LAD, where E(u) is the solar radiation use efficiency; E(a) is the amount of solar radiation received by the plant canopy; NAR is the average net assimilation rate; and LAD is the leaf area duration. The results of parameter analysis obtained under various growing conditions were as follows. 1) When the Y(b) values of all the crops were pooled together, the Y(b) was closely related to the E(u) and LAD parameters, but not to the E(a) or NAR ones. 2) In rice and soybean, the Y(b) was low due to the low values of E(u), E(a), and LAD. In winter wheat and maize, the Y(b) was high due to the high values of E(u) and LAD. In potato and sugar beet, the Y(b) was high due to the intermediate or high values of E(u), E(a), NAR, and LAD in comparison with other crops.
  • M OSAKI, Y FUJISAKI, K MORIKAWA, M MATSUMOTO, T SHINANO, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 39 (4) 605 -615 1993年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The biological yield ( Y(b) glucose basis) of crops can be expressed by the following formula: Y(b) = E(u) X E(a), and Y(b) = N AR X LAD, where E(u) is the solar radiation use efficiency; E(a) is the amount of solar radiation received by the plant canopy; NAR is the average net assimilation rate; and LAD is the leaf area duration. The results of parameter analysis obtained under various growing conditions were as follows. 1) When the Y(b) values of all the crops were pooled together, the Y(b) was closely related to the E(u) and LAD parameters, but not to the E(a) or NAR ones. 2) In rice and soybean, the Y(b) was low due to the low values of E(u), E(a), and LAD. In winter wheat and maize, the Y(b) was high due to the high values of E(u) and LAD. In potato and sugar beet, the Y(b) was high due to the intermediate or high values of E(u), E(a), NAR, and LAD in comparison with other crops.
  • 大崎 満, 森川 和浩, 吉田 実香, 信濃 卓郎, 伊豫田 誠, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料學雜誌 64 (5) 615 -615 1993年10月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料學雜誌 64 (5) 615 -616 1993年10月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料學雜誌 64 (5) 616 -616 1993年10月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • T SHINANO, M OSAKI, T TADANO PLANT AND SOIL 155 207 -210 1993年10月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    It has been generally considered that the low productivity of Leguminosae is caused by accumulation in the reproductive organs of a large amount of protein and lipid, since the biochemical costs of synthesizing these compounds is higher than that for carbohydrate. However, we report here on results which show that: the growth efficiencies (dry matter accumulated / (dry matter accumulated + respiration)) of reproductive organs of Gramineae and Leguminosae were similar; the growth efficiency of rice in the vegetative stage was greater than that of soybean and field bean, regardless of nitrogen application rate; and when (CO2)-C-14, C-14-sucrose or C-14-asparagine were introduced to the leaf at the maturation stage, respiratory loss of the introduced C-14 was greater in soybean and field bean, especially in the light, than in rice. Thus, it is assumed that the low productivity in Leguminosae is caused by a larger respiratory loss under both dark and light condition in the shoot, and not in the reproductive organs.
  • T SHINANO, M OSAKI, T TADANO PLANT AND SOIL 155 207 -210 1993年10月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    It has been generally considered that the low productivity of Leguminosae is caused by accumulation in the reproductive organs of a large amount of protein and lipid, since the biochemical costs of synthesizing these compounds is higher than that for carbohydrate. However, we report here on results which show that: the growth efficiencies (dry matter accumulated / (dry matter accumulated + respiration)) of reproductive organs of Gramineae and Leguminosae were similar; the growth efficiency of rice in the vegetative stage was greater than that of soybean and field bean, regardless of nitrogen application rate; and when (CO2)-C-14, C-14-sucrose or C-14-asparagine were introduced to the leaf at the maturation stage, respiratory loss of the introduced C-14 was greater in soybean and field bean, especially in the light, than in rice. Thus, it is assumed that the low productivity in Leguminosae is caused by a larger respiratory loss under both dark and light condition in the shoot, and not in the reproductive organs.
  • M OSAKI, T SHINANO, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 39 (3) 427 -436 1993年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    As ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), and chlorophyll are key factors in determining the dry matter production and the yield of crops, the effect of nitrogen application on the accumulation of Rubisco and chlorophyll in several important field crops; rice, spring wheat, maize, soybean, and potato was examined. Although the nitrogen content in leaves increased with the increase of nitrogen application, the distribution rate of nitrogen to Rubisco nitrogen did not correspond to nitrogen application. In contrast, as the crop growth rate per unit amount of Rubisco and per unit amount of chlorophyll decreased with the increase of nitrogen application, the dry matter production and the yield did not increase proportionally by the increase of Rubisco accumulation especially under heavy nitrogen application. The ratio of Rubisco-N to chlorophyll generally decreased after the maximum shoot growth stage, and this ratio was slightly affected by nitrogen application.
  • M OSAKI, T SHINANO, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 39 (3) 417 -425 1993年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The changes in the amounts of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and chlorophyll were compared under nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium deficiency and standard treatments in field crops (spring wheat, maize, soybean, and potato). The experiments were conducted in the field where the following treatments had been applied since 1914; 1) application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, 2) absence of application of nitrogen (-N), phosphorus (-P), and potassium (-K). Under the -N treatment, although the decrease in the amount of Rubisco was remarkable, the activity of Rubisco (crop growth rate/Rubisco) did not decrease significantly in all the crops. Under the -P treatment, though the amount of Rubisco decreased in soybean and potato, the activity of Rubisco decreased in spring wheat and maize. Under the -K treatment, the amount of Rubisco decreased in all the crops, and the activity of Rubisco decreased in spring wheat and potato. As the proportion of Rubisco-N to the total nitrogen level in the leaves at the vegetative growth stage was affected by the treatment in some cases, but was stable at the maximum shoot growth (MSG) stage regardless of nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium deficiency, it is therefore assumed that some mechanisms of stabilization of the proportion of Rubisco-N to total nitrogen may operate in the leaves against mineral deficiency. The ratio of Rubisco-N to the chlorophyll content decreased after the MSG stage. This ratio was higher in the -N, -P, and -K treatments than in the control at the MSG stage.
  • M OSAKI, K MORIKAWA, M MATSUMOTO, T SHINANO, M IYODA, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 39 (3) 399 -408 1993年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    By using high-yielding varieties (lines) of several crops or applying coated urea, which releases nitrogen slowly, it was possible to achieve a very high yield corresponding to that recorded in Hokkaido, Japan. In this report, the accumulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and chlorophyll was investigated in leaves in relation to the productivity of high-yielding crops, including rice, winter wheat, maize, soybean, and potato. The following results were obtained: 1) The amounts of Rubisco and chlorophyll contained in the leaves of each crop at successive growth stages were larger in the ''high yield'' treatment (by using high-yielding varieties or by applying coated urea) than in the ''standard yield'' treatment (by using standard-yielding varieties or conventional cultivation methods). 2) Crop growth rate (CGR) was expressed by the following formula: CGR = (CGR/Rubisco) X Rubisco, where Rubisco is the amount of Rubisco, and CGR/Rubisco is expressed as CGR (Rubisco). As the CGR (Rubisco) value was not always high in the high-yielding crops compared to standard-yielding crops, CGR (Rubisco) was not considered to be the main factor controlling CGR. 3) Among the high-yielding crops, the amount of Rubisco was in the order of rice < maize < soybean < potato < winter wheat during growth. Based on the above results, it is considered that it is very important to keep the amount of Rubisco and of chlorophyll high until the late ripening stage in order to achieve high yields in these crops.
  • M OSAKI, T SHINANO, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 39 (3) 417 -425 1993年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The changes in the amounts of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and chlorophyll were compared under nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium deficiency and standard treatments in field crops (spring wheat, maize, soybean, and potato). The experiments were conducted in the field where the following treatments had been applied since 1914; 1) application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, 2) absence of application of nitrogen (-N), phosphorus (-P), and potassium (-K). Under the -N treatment, although the decrease in the amount of Rubisco was remarkable, the activity of Rubisco (crop growth rate/Rubisco) did not decrease significantly in all the crops. Under the -P treatment, though the amount of Rubisco decreased in soybean and potato, the activity of Rubisco decreased in spring wheat and maize. Under the -K treatment, the amount of Rubisco decreased in all the crops, and the activity of Rubisco decreased in spring wheat and potato. As the proportion of Rubisco-N to the total nitrogen level in the leaves at the vegetative growth stage was affected by the treatment in some cases, but was stable at the maximum shoot growth (MSG) stage regardless of nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium deficiency, it is therefore assumed that some mechanisms of stabilization of the proportion of Rubisco-N to total nitrogen may operate in the leaves against mineral deficiency. The ratio of Rubisco-N to the chlorophyll content decreased after the MSG stage. This ratio was higher in the -N, -P, and -K treatments than in the control at the MSG stage.
  • M OSAKI, K MORIKAWA, M MATSUMOTO, T SHINANO, M IYODA, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 39 (3) 399 -408 1993年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    By using high-yielding varieties (lines) of several crops or applying coated urea, which releases nitrogen slowly, it was possible to achieve a very high yield corresponding to that recorded in Hokkaido, Japan. In this report, the accumulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and chlorophyll was investigated in leaves in relation to the productivity of high-yielding crops, including rice, winter wheat, maize, soybean, and potato. The following results were obtained: 1) The amounts of Rubisco and chlorophyll contained in the leaves of each crop at successive growth stages were larger in the ''high yield'' treatment (by using high-yielding varieties or by applying coated urea) than in the ''standard yield'' treatment (by using standard-yielding varieties or conventional cultivation methods). 2) Crop growth rate (CGR) was expressed by the following formula: CGR = (CGR/Rubisco) X Rubisco, where Rubisco is the amount of Rubisco, and CGR/Rubisco is expressed as CGR (Rubisco). As the CGR (Rubisco) value was not always high in the high-yielding crops compared to standard-yielding crops, CGR (Rubisco) was not considered to be the main factor controlling CGR. 3) Among the high-yielding crops, the amount of Rubisco was in the order of rice < maize < soybean < potato < winter wheat during growth. Based on the above results, it is considered that it is very important to keep the amount of Rubisco and of chlorophyll high until the late ripening stage in order to achieve high yields in these crops.
  • T SHINANO, M OSAKI, K KOMATSU, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 39 (2) 269 -280 1993年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    To investigate the growth efficiency of harvesting organs of rice, winter wheat, oat, barley, maize, sorghum, soybean, field bean, lupin, pea, adzuki bean, chick pea, peanut, sunflower, safflower, flax, rape, castor bean, cotton, and potato, the dry weight and respiratory rate of the harvesting organs were measured and the composition of crude chemical components was determined during maturation. 1) The experimental value of the growth efficiency was generally higher than the theoretical value for biochemical data (Vertregt and Penning de Vries 1987) except for safflower and castor bean. 2) The difference between the experimental value and the theoretical value was especially large in soybean, peanut, safflower, rape, and castor bean, in which the lipid content was high, and cotton. Thus, as there was no clear relationship between the composition of the chemical components and the growth efficiency among the crops, it was difficult to estimate the conversion efficiencies for the production of each chemical component using a unit of glucose based on the experimental data. It is, therefore, suggested that reassimilation of respired CO2 or photosynthesis should be included to estimate the carbon balance in the harvesting organs.
  • T SHINANO, M OSAKI, K KOMATSU, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 39 (2) 269 -280 1993年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    To investigate the growth efficiency of harvesting organs of rice, winter wheat, oat, barley, maize, sorghum, soybean, field bean, lupin, pea, adzuki bean, chick pea, peanut, sunflower, safflower, flax, rape, castor bean, cotton, and potato, the dry weight and respiratory rate of the harvesting organs were measured and the composition of crude chemical components was determined during maturation. 1) The experimental value of the growth efficiency was generally higher than the theoretical value for biochemical data (Vertregt and Penning de Vries 1987) except for safflower and castor bean. 2) The difference between the experimental value and the theoretical value was especially large in soybean, peanut, safflower, rape, and castor bean, in which the lipid content was high, and cotton. Thus, as there was no clear relationship between the composition of the chemical components and the growth efficiency among the crops, it was difficult to estimate the conversion efficiencies for the production of each chemical component using a unit of glucose based on the experimental data. It is, therefore, suggested that reassimilation of respired CO2 or photosynthesis should be included to estimate the carbon balance in the harvesting organs.
  • 高村 真弓, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 39 (39) 59 -59 1993年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 吉田 敦, 渡辺 寛二, 原田 和夫, 前林 衛, 菅原 彰敏, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 39 (39) 77 -77 1993年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 松本 美奈, 金田 隆史, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 39 (39) 87 -87 1993年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 39 (39) 89 -89 1993年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 松本 美奈, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 39 (39) 232 -232 1993年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 金田 隆史, 松本 美奈, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 39 (39) 232 -232 1993年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 作物における根の役割
    北海道土壌肥料研究通信 39,12-27 1993年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Mitsuru Osaki, Takuro Shinano, Toshiaki Tadano Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 39 (3) 427 -436 1993年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    As ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), and chlorophyll are key factors in determining the dry matter production and the yield of crops, the effect of nitrogen application on the accumulation of Rubisco and chlorophyll in several important field crops rice, spring wheat, maize, soybean, and potato was examined. Although the nitrogen content in leaves increased with the increase of nitrogen application, the distribution rate of nitrogen to Rubisco nitrogen did not correspond to nitrogen application. In contrast, as the crop growth rate per unit amount of Rubisco and per unit amount of chlorophyll decreased with the increase of nitrogen application, the dry matter production and the yield did not increase proportionally by the increase of Rubisco accumulation especially under heavy nitrogen application. The ratio of Rubisco-N to chlorophyll generally decreased after the maximum shoot growth stage, and this ratio was slightly affected by nitrogen application. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
  • 吉田 敦, 渡辺 寛二, 原田 和夫, 前林 衛, 菅原 彰敏, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 39 (0) 77 -77 1993年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 39 (0) 89 -89 1993年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 松本 美奈, 金田 隆史, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 39 (0) 87 -87 1993年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 高村 真弓, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 39 (0) 59 -59 1993年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 金田 隆史, 松本 美奈, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 39 (0) 232 -232 1993年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 松本 美奈, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 39 (0) 232 -232 1993年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料學雜誌 63 (6) 733 -733 1992年12月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • M OSAKI, T SHINANO, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 38 (3) 553 -564 1992年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    A carbon-nitrogen interaction model during growth was developed as follows: DM=DM0e(CNIxN) for Gramineae (rice, wheat, and maize) and root crops (potato, sweet potato, and sugar beet) and DM = DM0 + CNI'X N for Leguminosae (soybean, field bean, and adzuki bean), where, DM is the dry weight of plant, N is the amount of nitrogen accumulated in plant, DM0 is the initial amount of dry weight (obtained by the regression method), and CNI or CNI' is the carbon-nitrogen index. The CNI or CNI'-value changed with the amount of nitrogen absorbed at the time of harvest (N(h)), indicating that the relationship between the CNI or CNI'-value and N(h) fitted to a hyperbolic curve as follows: CNI=1/(aN(h)+b), where, a and b are the coefficients of the equation. As the coefficient a of Leguminosae (soybean, field bean, and adzuki bean) was nearly zero, the CNI' value of Leguminosae was almost constant regardless of N(h). The coefficient a was very similar among rice, maize, potato, and sugar beet. Thus, it is assumed that the carbon-nitrogen interaction was significantly different between Leguminosae and other crops (Gramineae and root crops).
  • M OSAKI, T SHINANO, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 38 (3) 553 -564 1992年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    A carbon-nitrogen interaction model during growth was developed as follows: DM=DM0e(CNIxN) for Gramineae (rice, wheat, and maize) and root crops (potato, sweet potato, and sugar beet) and DM = DM0 + CNI'X N for Leguminosae (soybean, field bean, and adzuki bean), where, DM is the dry weight of plant, N is the amount of nitrogen accumulated in plant, DM0 is the initial amount of dry weight (obtained by the regression method), and CNI or CNI' is the carbon-nitrogen index. The CNI or CNI'-value changed with the amount of nitrogen absorbed at the time of harvest (N(h)), indicating that the relationship between the CNI or CNI'-value and N(h) fitted to a hyperbolic curve as follows: CNI=1/(aN(h)+b), where, a and b are the coefficients of the equation. As the coefficient a of Leguminosae (soybean, field bean, and adzuki bean) was nearly zero, the CNI' value of Leguminosae was almost constant regardless of N(h). The coefficient a was very similar among rice, maize, potato, and sugar beet. Thus, it is assumed that the carbon-nitrogen interaction was significantly different between Leguminosae and other crops (Gramineae and root crops).
  • 山田 智, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 38 (38) 73 -73 1992年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 松本 美奈, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 38 (38) 74 -74 1992年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 38 (38) 102 -102 1992年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 小松 一彦, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 38 (38) 103 -103 1992年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 山田 智, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 38 (38) 103 -103 1992年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山田 智, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 38 (38) 246 -246 1992年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山田 智, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 38 (0) 73 -73 1992年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 松本 美奈, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 38 (0) 74 -74 1992年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 山田 智, 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 38 (0) 246 -246 1992年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 山田 智, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 38 (0) 103 -103 1992年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 小松 一彦, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 38 (0) 103 -103 1992年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 38 (0) 102 -102 1992年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • M OSAKI, K MORIKAWA, T SHINANO, M URAYAMA, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 37 (3) 445 -454 1991年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    By using good varieties (lines) and by applying coating urea which releases nitrogen slowly, extremely high yields were obtained in several crops. Based on the high yields and appropriate fertilizer application, it was difficult to consider in this experiment that deficiency or excess of nutrient elements (minerals) occurred in plant, so that the mineral status of crops could be adopted as criterion for high yield. The results obtained were as follows. 1) Amount of minerals absorbed was calculated by the following equation: Ym = Ym/Yb x Yb = MRI x Yb, where Yb is the biological yield, Ym is the mineral yield (amount of minerals absorbed), MRI is the mineral requirement index. The MRI did not show any significant difference between the "high yield" and "standard yield" treatments in each crop with a few exceptions, indicating that the Yb is the main factor which determines the Ym in each crop. 2) The MRI differed clearly among crops in the "high yield" treatment. MRI(N) was higher in soybean and winter wheat than in rice, maize, and potato. The MRI(P) was high in soybean, low in winter wheat and maize. The MRI(K) values were almost identical among the crops except for the "standard yield" treatment in winter wheat and maize. The MRI(Ca) and the MRI(Mg) were high in only soybean. 3) For the "high yield" treatment, the Ym(N), the Ym(Ca), and the Ym(Mg) were high in winter wheat, and soybean, the Ym(P) was high in soybean, the Ym(K) was high in winter wheat, maize, and potato. 4) The HI(DM) was 46% in soybean, 92% in potato, and 47-59% in gramineous plants, but the HI(N), the HI(P), and the HI(K) were higher in soybean and potato than in gramineous plants. Thus, harvesting organs required carbohydrate, N, P, and K intensively in potato, but only N, P, and K intensively in soybean.
  • T SHINANO, M OSAKI, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 37 (3) 409 -417 1991年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    This study deals with the processes whereby the C-14-compounds, which have been constructed in shoot by (CO2)-C-14 fixation during the vegetative growth stage, maximum shoot growth (MSG) stage, and mid-ripening stage, were respired by shoot or other organs and reconstructed in other organs and into other compounds during the growth of rice and soybean. Results are as follows. 1) C-14 once incorporated into leaves, stems, and roots at the vegetative growth stage was largely respired by the MSG stage in soybean, and during ripening in rice. In soybean a large amount of C-14 which had been incorporated into plant at the MSG stage and mid-ripening stage was also respired by harvest, unlike in rice. Thus, soybean immediately respired C-14 compounds once they were incorporated into plant during growth, whereas rice respired a relatively small amount of C-14 before the ripening stage and stored C-14 compounds in shoot, then respired them after the MSG stage. 2) C-14 once incorporated into carbohydrates of leaves at each stage was reconstructed in larger amounts in soybean than in rice. 3) C-14 once incorporated into protein in leaves and carbohydrate in shoot at vegetative growth stage was largely reconstructed by the MSG stage in soybean, and during ripening in rice. 4) Nitrogen which had been accumulated in shoot until the MSG stage was actively retranslocated to harvesting organs in soybean but not in rice. Based on these results, it is concluded that soybean could actively remetabolize carbon and nitrogen compounds once these were incorporated into levels and stems, wheras the remetabolization of carbon and nitrogen compounds was relatively limited in rice.
  • M OSAKI, K MORIKAWA, T SHINANO, M URAYAMA, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 37 (3) 445 -454 1991年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    By using good varieties (lines) and by applying coating urea which releases nitrogen slowly, extremely high yields were obtained in several crops. Based on the high yields and appropriate fertilizer application, it was difficult to consider in this experiment that deficiency or excess of nutrient elements (minerals) occurred in plant, so that the mineral status of crops could be adopted as criterion for high yield. The results obtained were as follows. 1) Amount of minerals absorbed was calculated by the following equation: Ym = Ym/Yb x Yb = MRI x Yb, where Yb is the biological yield, Ym is the mineral yield (amount of minerals absorbed), MRI is the mineral requirement index. The MRI did not show any significant difference between the "high yield" and "standard yield" treatments in each crop with a few exceptions, indicating that the Yb is the main factor which determines the Ym in each crop. 2) The MRI differed clearly among crops in the "high yield" treatment. MRI(N) was higher in soybean and winter wheat than in rice, maize, and potato. The MRI(P) was high in soybean, low in winter wheat and maize. The MRI(K) values were almost identical among the crops except for the "standard yield" treatment in winter wheat and maize. The MRI(Ca) and the MRI(Mg) were high in only soybean. 3) For the "high yield" treatment, the Ym(N), the Ym(Ca), and the Ym(Mg) were high in winter wheat, and soybean, the Ym(P) was high in soybean, the Ym(K) was high in winter wheat, maize, and potato. 4) The HI(DM) was 46% in soybean, 92% in potato, and 47-59% in gramineous plants, but the HI(N), the HI(P), and the HI(K) were higher in soybean and potato than in gramineous plants. Thus, harvesting organs required carbohydrate, N, P, and K intensively in potato, but only N, P, and K intensively in soybean.
  • T SHINANO, M OSAKI, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 37 (3) 409 -417 1991年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    This study deals with the processes whereby the C-14-compounds, which have been constructed in shoot by (CO2)-C-14 fixation during the vegetative growth stage, maximum shoot growth (MSG) stage, and mid-ripening stage, were respired by shoot or other organs and reconstructed in other organs and into other compounds during the growth of rice and soybean. Results are as follows. 1) C-14 once incorporated into leaves, stems, and roots at the vegetative growth stage was largely respired by the MSG stage in soybean, and during ripening in rice. In soybean a large amount of C-14 which had been incorporated into plant at the MSG stage and mid-ripening stage was also respired by harvest, unlike in rice. Thus, soybean immediately respired C-14 compounds once they were incorporated into plant during growth, whereas rice respired a relatively small amount of C-14 before the ripening stage and stored C-14 compounds in shoot, then respired them after the MSG stage. 2) C-14 once incorporated into carbohydrates of leaves at each stage was reconstructed in larger amounts in soybean than in rice. 3) C-14 once incorporated into protein in leaves and carbohydrate in shoot at vegetative growth stage was largely reconstructed by the MSG stage in soybean, and during ripening in rice. 4) Nitrogen which had been accumulated in shoot until the MSG stage was actively retranslocated to harvesting organs in soybean but not in rice. Based on these results, it is concluded that soybean could actively remetabolize carbon and nitrogen compounds once these were incorporated into levels and stems, wheras the remetabolization of carbon and nitrogen compounds was relatively limited in rice.
  • 大崎 満, 小柳 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 田中 明 日本土壌肥料學雜誌 62 (3) 274 -281 1991年06月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    バレイショのsource-sinkの関係を、維管束の観察と各葉位葉で光合成された^<14>Cの挙動の追跡から解析した。1)維管束の形態的観察によると、主茎には太い維管束が5本存在し、開度は2/5であり、この開度に基づいて茎上の各器官を5系列に区分できる。一つの節には2節下と3節下から太い維管束が入り、その他に5節下からはいる細い維管束があった。2)ある節を含む系列をn系列とすると、その節に着生する葉の光合成産物はn, n+2, n+3系列に多く流れ、維管束の観察結果と一致した。ただし生育状態に応じて、異系列の中からでもそのときの生育の旺盛な部位に多くはいる場合もあった。3)光合成産物は、第10葉期には同化葉と、より上位の葉や分枝および根に、着蕾期には分枝、茎に、第2花房開花期には主として塊茎に分配された。したがって、イネなどにみられる葉位間の分業は塊茎肥大後はほとんど認めることができなかった。
  • M OSAKI, K MORIKAWA, M YOSHIDA, T SHINANO, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 37 (2) 331 -339 1991年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    By using high-yielding varieties (lines) and by applying coating urea which releases nitrogen slowly, it was possible to achieved a very high yield, which corresponded to the yield records reported in Hokkaido. The results obtained in the "high yield" compared with the "standard yield" treatments were as follows. 1) The economic yield (t/ha on a dry weight basis) for the "high yield" treatment was 6.4 in rice, 11.0 in winter wheat, 11.4 in maize, 5.3 in soybean, and 16.3 in potato. 2) The biological yield (t/ha on a dry weight basis) for the "high yield" treatment was 13.6 in rice, 18.6 in winter wheat, 22.4 in maize, 11.5 in soybean, and 17.7 in potato. 3) The LAI was improved in the "high yield" crops compared with the "standard yield" crops, whereas the NAR was not. 4) The grain (tuber) number was improved for the "high yield" crops compared with the "standard yield" crops, but 1,000 grains weight was not improved except for maize.
  • T SHINANO, M OSAKI, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 37 (2) 249 -258 1991年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    In order to obtain basic information on the reconstruction of carbon and nitrogen compounds during germination, changes in the content and composition of the chemical components of Gramineae (rice, wheat, and maize) and Leguminosae (soybean, field bean, and peanut) during germination were compared. The results obtained were as follows. 1) In seeds, the carbohydrate content decreased preferentially in Gramineae, whereas components such as crude protein, carbohydrates, crude fiber, and crude lipid were decomposed rather evenly in Leguminosae during germination. 2) The composition of the free amino acids and amides (FAA) and amino acids of hydrolyzed proteins (PAA) in seeds was similar in Gramineae, but different in Leguminosae during germination. In all the crops of these two families examined, the composition of FAA in stems was different from that of PAA in seeds and leaves. 3) The composition of PAA was quite similar in seeds and leaves in all the crops examined. 4) Nitrogen application did not affect the composition of FAA and PAA in all the crops. 5) The reconstruction process of the carbon and nitrogen compounds was assumed to be quite different among these two families.
  • T SHINANO, M OSAKI, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 37 (2) 259 -270 1991年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The effect of nitrogen application on the process of nitrogen distribution and retranslocation during the maturation stage was investigated in the field for rice, spring wheat, maize, soybean and potato. 1. The yield of the harvesting organs reached a peak at 100 kg N/ha (100 N) in potato and at 300 kg N/ha (300 N) in rice, spring wheat, maize, and soybean. In soybean, the yield was the same at 0 kg N/ha (0 N) and at 100 N, but it increased with the increase of the level of nitrogen application from 100 N to 300 N. 2. The amount of nitrogen accumulated in the plant increased with the increase of the level of nitrogen application up to 300 N in rice, soybean and potato and up to 600 N in spring wheat and maize. 3. The harvest index of dry weight was stable regardless of the level of nitrogen application, but that of nitrogen showed a decrease at 300 N and 600 N in all the crops except for soybean. 4. The proportion of each fractionated nitrogen compound was not altered by nitrogen application in the leaves and the harvesting organs of all the crops. Although it was also stable between 0 N and 100 N in the stems, the proportion of ethanol-soluble nitrogen to total nitrogen increased with the level of nitrogen application from 100 N to 300 N in the stems of all the crops except for soybean. 5. The proportion of free amino acid nitrogen and/or nitrate nitrogen in the stems increased with the increase of the level of nitrogen application in all the crops, and that of amides in the stems also increased to some extent. On the other hand, it was quite stable in the leaves and the harvesting organs. Based on the above results, it is suggested that, though the amount of nitrogen accumulated in the plant increased and the pattern of nitrogen distribution changed with the level of nitrogen application, the mechanism for the reconstruction of the nitrogen compounds in the leaves and harvesting organs was stable regardless of the level of nitrogen application in all the crops.
  • M OSAKI, K MORIKAWA, M YOSHIDA, T SHINANO, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 37 (2) 331 -339 1991年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    By using high-yielding varieties (lines) and by applying coating urea which releases nitrogen slowly, it was possible to achieved a very high yield, which corresponded to the yield records reported in Hokkaido. The results obtained in the "high yield" compared with the "standard yield" treatments were as follows. 1) The economic yield (t/ha on a dry weight basis) for the "high yield" treatment was 6.4 in rice, 11.0 in winter wheat, 11.4 in maize, 5.3 in soybean, and 16.3 in potato. 2) The biological yield (t/ha on a dry weight basis) for the "high yield" treatment was 13.6 in rice, 18.6 in winter wheat, 22.4 in maize, 11.5 in soybean, and 17.7 in potato. 3) The LAI was improved in the "high yield" crops compared with the "standard yield" crops, whereas the NAR was not. 4) The grain (tuber) number was improved for the "high yield" crops compared with the "standard yield" crops, but 1,000 grains weight was not improved except for maize.
  • T SHINANO, M OSAKI, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 37 (2) 249 -258 1991年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    In order to obtain basic information on the reconstruction of carbon and nitrogen compounds during germination, changes in the content and composition of the chemical components of Gramineae (rice, wheat, and maize) and Leguminosae (soybean, field bean, and peanut) during germination were compared. The results obtained were as follows. 1) In seeds, the carbohydrate content decreased preferentially in Gramineae, whereas components such as crude protein, carbohydrates, crude fiber, and crude lipid were decomposed rather evenly in Leguminosae during germination. 2) The composition of the free amino acids and amides (FAA) and amino acids of hydrolyzed proteins (PAA) in seeds was similar in Gramineae, but different in Leguminosae during germination. In all the crops of these two families examined, the composition of FAA in stems was different from that of PAA in seeds and leaves. 3) The composition of PAA was quite similar in seeds and leaves in all the crops examined. 4) Nitrogen application did not affect the composition of FAA and PAA in all the crops. 5) The reconstruction process of the carbon and nitrogen compounds was assumed to be quite different among these two families.
  • T SHINANO, M OSAKI, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 37 (2) 259 -270 1991年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The effect of nitrogen application on the process of nitrogen distribution and retranslocation during the maturation stage was investigated in the field for rice, spring wheat, maize, soybean and potato. 1. The yield of the harvesting organs reached a peak at 100 kg N/ha (100 N) in potato and at 300 kg N/ha (300 N) in rice, spring wheat, maize, and soybean. In soybean, the yield was the same at 0 kg N/ha (0 N) and at 100 N, but it increased with the increase of the level of nitrogen application from 100 N to 300 N. 2. The amount of nitrogen accumulated in the plant increased with the increase of the level of nitrogen application up to 300 N in rice, soybean and potato and up to 600 N in spring wheat and maize. 3. The harvest index of dry weight was stable regardless of the level of nitrogen application, but that of nitrogen showed a decrease at 300 N and 600 N in all the crops except for soybean. 4. The proportion of each fractionated nitrogen compound was not altered by nitrogen application in the leaves and the harvesting organs of all the crops. Although it was also stable between 0 N and 100 N in the stems, the proportion of ethanol-soluble nitrogen to total nitrogen increased with the level of nitrogen application from 100 N to 300 N in the stems of all the crops except for soybean. 5. The proportion of free amino acid nitrogen and/or nitrate nitrogen in the stems increased with the increase of the level of nitrogen application in all the crops, and that of amides in the stems also increased to some extent. On the other hand, it was quite stable in the leaves and the harvesting organs. Based on the above results, it is suggested that, though the amount of nitrogen accumulated in the plant increased and the pattern of nitrogen distribution changed with the level of nitrogen application, the mechanism for the reconstruction of the nitrogen compounds in the leaves and harvesting organs was stable regardless of the level of nitrogen application in all the crops.
  • 大崎 満, 森川 和浩, 吉田 美香, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 37 (37) 101 -101 1991年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 37 (37) 102 -102 1991年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 37 (37) 217 -217 1991年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 37 (37) 217 -217 1991年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 37 (37) 222 -222 1991年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • M OSAKI, T SHINANO, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 37 (1) 117 -128 1991年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The present paper aims at determining how carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) compounds are redistributed from leaves to harvesting organs during maturation in several major field crops. In order to illustrate these processes in the case of C and N compounds, 6 major crops in Hokkaido were grown and compared during maturation. The results obtained were as follows. 1) The N-redistribution rate during maturation was in the order of wheat, soybean and potato > maize > rice. The percentage of distributed nitrogen among the different nitrogenous fractions in leaves and stems was remained constant during maturation, suggesting that each nitrogen compound was equally decomposed. 2) The composition of protein amino acids was similar regardless of organs or crops. The composition of free amino acids differed widely among organs and crops, and differed from that of protein amino acids. Therefore during the translocation of amino acids from leaves to harvesting organs through stems, the composition of free amino acids was almost reconstructed in all the crops. 3) Dry weight of leaves and stems during maturation increased in rice, wheat and maize, but decreased in soybean and potato. The proportion of cellulose and hemicellulose in leaves was high in rice, wheat and maize and low in soybean and potato, whereas that of stems was high in all the crops. The amount of cell wall components in leaves and stems decreased during maturation only in soybean and potato.
  • M OSAKI, T SHINANO, T TADANO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 37 (1) 117 -128 1991年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The present paper aims at determining how carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) compounds are redistributed from leaves to harvesting organs during maturation in several major field crops. In order to illustrate these processes in the case of C and N compounds, 6 major crops in Hokkaido were grown and compared during maturation. The results obtained were as follows. 1) The N-redistribution rate during maturation was in the order of wheat, soybean and potato > maize > rice. The percentage of distributed nitrogen among the different nitrogenous fractions in leaves and stems was remained constant during maturation, suggesting that each nitrogen compound was equally decomposed. 2) The composition of protein amino acids was similar regardless of organs or crops. The composition of free amino acids differed widely among organs and crops, and differed from that of protein amino acids. Therefore during the translocation of amino acids from leaves to harvesting organs through stems, the composition of free amino acids was almost reconstructed in all the crops. 3) Dry weight of leaves and stems during maturation increased in rice, wheat and maize, but decreased in soybean and potato. The proportion of cellulose and hemicellulose in leaves was high in rice, wheat and maize and low in soybean and potato, whereas that of stems was high in all the crops. The amount of cell wall components in leaves and stems decreased during maturation only in soybean and potato.
  • 大崎 満, 小柳 淳, 信濃 卓郎, 田中 明 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 62 (3) 274 -281 1991年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    バレイショのsource-sinkの関係を、維管束の観察と各葉位葉で光合成された^<14>Cの挙動の追跡から解析した。1)維管束の形態的観察によると、主茎には太い維管束が5本存在し、開度は2/5であり、この開度に基づいて茎上の各器官を5系列に区分できる。一つの節には2節下と3節下から太い維管束が入り、その他に5節下からはいる細い維管束があった。2)ある節を含む系列をn系列とすると、その節に着生する葉の光合成産物はn, n+2, n+3系列に多く流れ、維管束の観察結果と一致した。ただし生育状態に応じて、異系列の中からでもそのときの生育の旺盛な部位に多くはいる場合もあった。3)光合成産物は、第10葉期には同化葉と、より上位の葉や分枝および根に、着蕾期には分枝、茎に、第2花房開花期には主として塊茎に分配された。したがって、イネなどにみられる葉位間の分業は塊茎肥大後はほとんど認めることができなかった。
  • 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 37 (0) 222 -222 1991年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 37 (0) 217 -217 1991年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 37 (0) 217 -217 1991年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大崎 満, 森川 和浩, 吉田 美香, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 37 (0) 101 -101 1991年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 37 (0) 102 -102 1991年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料學雜誌 61 (5) 439 -446 1990年10月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    コムギ,トウモロコシ,ダイズ,バレイショの登熟・肥大過程における窒素の利用・分配機構および代謝機能に及ぼす,窒素,リン,カリウムそれぞれの欠乏の影響を圃場レベルで調査した.実験は74年間各要素をそれぞれ施与していない3要素試験区を用いて行った.得られた結果は次の通りである.1)収穫期における完全区を100としたときの-N, -P, -K区の収穫部位乾物重相対値は,コムギではそれぞれ, 28, 88, 91,トウモロコシでは 40, 81, 38, ダイズでは 106, 82, 57, バレイショでは 25, 70, 46 であった.2)各要素欠乏区では,ダイズの -N区以外では当該要素の集積量の低下が顕著であり,各作物とも-P区,-K区での窒素集積は乾物生産量に対応していた.3)各作物ともこれら3要素の欠乏による窒素利用効率,窒素集積指数,遊離およびタンパク態のアミノ酸組成の変動は小さかった.以上のことより,各要素欠乏により乾物生産量と当該要素集積量の減少が認められたものの,窒素の利用・分配および代謝の異常はほとんど起きなかった.したがって,登熟期において茎葉から収穫部位に窒素が転流し,収穫部位で窒素化合物が構成される過程はきわめて安定した機構により支えられていると考えられる.
  • 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 36 (36) 81 -81 1990年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 36 (36) 81 -81 1990年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 61 (5) 439 -446 1990年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    コムギ,トウモロコシ,ダイズ,バレイショの登熟・肥大過程における窒素の利用・分配機構および代謝機能に及ぼす,窒素,リン,カリウムそれぞれの欠乏の影響を圃場レベルで調査した.実験は74年間各要素をそれぞれ施与していない3要素試験区を用いて行った.得られた結果は次の通りである.1)収穫期における完全区を100としたときの-N, -P, -K区の収穫部位乾物重相対値は,コムギではそれぞれ, 28, 88, 91,トウモロコシでは 40, 81, 38, ダイズでは 106, 82, 57, バレイショでは 25, 70, 46 であった.2)各要素欠乏区では,ダイズの -N区以外では当該要素の集積量の低下が顕著であり,各作物とも-P区,-K区での窒素集積は乾物生産量に対応していた.3)各作物ともこれら3要素の欠乏による窒素利用効率,窒素集積指数,遊離およびタンパク態のアミノ酸組成の変動は小さかった.以上のことより,各要素欠乏により乾物生産量と当該要素集積量の減少が認められたものの,窒素の利用・分配および代謝の異常はほとんど起きなかった.したがって,登熟期において茎葉から収穫部位に窒素が転流し,収穫部位で窒素化合物が構成される過程はきわめて安定した機構により支えられていると考えられる.
  • 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 36 (0) 81 -81 1990年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 36 (0) 81 -81 1990年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 35 (35) 89 -89 1989年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, 但野 利秋 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 35 (0) 89 -89 1989年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 田中 明 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 34 (34) 220 -220 1988年03月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 田中 明 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 34 (0) 220 -220 1988年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 田中 明 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 33 (33) 59 -59 1987年07月20日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 信濃 卓郎, 田中 明 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 33 (0) 59 -59 1987年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 田中 明, 但野 利秋, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 32 (32) 50 -50 1986年03月25日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 田中 明, 但野 利秋, 信濃 卓郎 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 32 (0) 50 -50 1986年 [査読無し][通常論文]

書籍等出版物

  • Environmental transfer parameters for radionuclides released from the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
    Beresford, N, Brown, J, Carini, F, Choi, Y-H, Eguchi, S, Fresenko, S, Fujimura, S, Howard, B.J, Ishii, N, Matsunami, H, Onda, Y, Pröhl, G, Saito, T, Sato, M, Shinano, T, Tagami, K, Takata, D, Tsukada, H. Uematsu, S, Uchida, S, Vidal, M, Yamaguchi, N (担当:分担執筆範囲:Chapter 4. Agricultural Systems)
    IAEA TECDOC series 1927 2020年10月
  • Saito, T., Takahashi, K., Murakami, T. and Shinano, T. Analysis of Factors Causing High Radiocesium Concentrations in Brown Rice Grown in Minamisoma City.
    信濃 卓郎 (担当:共著)
    2016年 
    Saito, T., Takahashi, K., Murakami, T. and Shinano, T. Analysis of Factors Causing High Radiocesium Concentrations in Brown Rice Grown in Minamisoma City. In Radiological issues for Fukushima’s revitalized future, Springer, pp 189-198 (2016).
  • Unno, Y. and Shinano, T. Metagenomic analysis on the rhizosphere soil microbial community.
    信濃 卓郎 (担当:共著)
    2013年 
    Unno, Y. and Shinano, T. Metagenomic analysis on the rhizosphere soil microbial community. In Molecular Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere. Ed., Frans J. de Brjin. Wiley-Blackwell Publishers Vol. 2, Wiley-Blackwell Publishers, Chapter 104, pp. 1099-1103 (2013).
  • Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Plant Adaptation to Low-Fertility Acid Soils of the Tropics: The Case of Brachiariagrasses
    信濃 卓郎 (担当:共著)
    2011年 
    Watanabe, T., Khan, M.S.H., Rao, I.M., Wasaki, J., Shinano, T., Ishitani, M., Koyama, H., Ishikawa, S., Tawaraya, K., Nanamori, M., Ueki, N. and Wagatsuma, T. Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Plant Adaptation to Low-Fertility Acid Soils of the Tropics: The Case of Brachiariagrasses, In Principles, Application and Assessment in Soil Science (chapter 5), Ed., Güngör, E.B.Ö., IntechOpen, pp 87-116 (2011).
  • 牧野周、山谷知行、鎌田淳、落合久美子、小山博之、信濃卓郎、馬健鋒、渡部敏裕 植物のミネラルストレス応答
    日本土壌肥料学雑誌, 2010, 81(2), 181-189 2010年
  • Nakamura, T., Okazaki, K., Benkeblia, N., Wasaki, J., Matsuura, H., Uchimiya, H., Komatsu, S. and Shinano, T. (2010) “Metabolomics Approach on Soybean” In Bileu, K., Ratnaparkhe, M.B. and Kole, C. (eds.) Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Soybean. Pp. ・・・
    Science Publisher Inc. CRC Press, 2010年 (ISBN: 1578086817) 
    Nakamura, T., Okazaki, K., Benkeblia, N., Wasaki, J., Matsuura, H., Uchimiya, H., Komatsu, S. and Shinano, T. (2010) “Metabolomics Approach on Soybean” In Bileu, K., Ratnaparkhe, M.B. and Kole, C. (eds.) Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Soybean. Pp. 313-330,
  • 海野佑介、信濃卓郎(2010), 植物根圏微生物群集, 「難培養微生物研究の最新技術IIーゲノム解析を中心とした最前線と将来展望ー」, p. 116-126,
    シーエムシー出版 2010年
  • Sato, A., Nishida, T., Shinano, T., Watanabe, T. and Osaki, M. (2009) “Possiblity of Rhizosphere Regulation by Root Exudates” In Behl, R.K., Singh, D.P., Tomar, V.S., Bhale, M.S., Khare, D. and Upadhyaya, S.D. (eds.) Sustainable Agriculture for Food, B・・・
    Agrobios(International), Jodhpur, India. Pp. 335-346. 2009年 (ISBN: 8190430963) 
    Sato, A., Nishida, T., Shinano, T., Watanabe, T. and Osaki, M. (2009) “Possiblity of Rhizosphere Regulation by Root Exudates” In Behl, R.K., Singh, D.P., Tomar, V.S., Bhale, M.S., Khare, D. and Upadhyaya, S.D. (eds.) Sustainable Agriculture for Food, Bio-energy and Livelihood Security.
  • 信濃卓郎(2009)「有機物の効率的利用を目指して」
    北海道土壌肥料研究通信、55(1), 13-20. 2009年
  • 信濃卓郎(2009)「テラゲノムー国際土壌メタゲノムコンソーシアムの立ち上げに参加して」
    グリーンテクノ情報、5(1), 27-29. 2009年
  • 信濃卓郎(2009) 「Metastedに参加して」
    土と微生物、63(1), 48-49. 2009年
  • 信濃 卓郎 
    [北海道大学大学院農学研究院] 2008年 1冊
  • 信濃卓郎(2008)「根圏域研究は新しい農業技術につながるか？」
    グリーンテクノ情報、4(2), 42-45. 2008年
  • 鈴木克昌、岡崎圭毅、俵谷圭太郎、信濃卓郎(2008)「根圏メタボローム解析」、メタボロミクスの先端技術と応用
    シーエムシー出版 2007年
  • 岡崎圭毅、信濃卓郎、中村卓司、建部雅子(2007)「窒素栄養が代謝プロファイルに与える影響の解析」
    生物工学会誌、第85巻，第11号特集“フードメタボロミクス”, 482-484. 2007年
  • Mini review: Wheat improvement under water deficit conditions in semi arid tropics and subtropics.
    Tropics 2007年
  • 有機農業への新アプローチ
    Materials Integration, 27(50), 49-54. 2007年
  • Harnessing wheat genotype x Azotobacter strain interactions for sustainable wheat production in semi arid tropics
    Tropics, Mini-review 2007年
  • Determination of soil DNA content. Method sheet in “Identification of Single Species and Communities” In. Luster, J. and Finlay, R. (eds.) Handbook of Methods Used in Rhizosphere Research.
    Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL. 2006年 (ISBN: 3905621355)
  • 「七百弄郷における持続的なトウモロコシ栽培の過去・現在・未来」, 中国産学地帯の森林環境と伝統社会（出村克彦・但野利秋編
    北海道大学出版会 2006年 (ISBN: 4832981412)
  • Rhizosphere micro-scale bacterial dynamics with respect to phytate utilization ability. In Wasaki, J., Shinano, T., Akasaka, H., Watanabe, J., Tanaka, Y. and Osaki, M. (eds.) Book of International Biomicrocosmos Workshop – for the Enhancement of Rhizos・・・
    ‘Sustainable and Safe Food Production’ Project, Sapporo, Japan. 2006年 (ISBN: 4990182715) 
    Rhizosphere micro-scale bacterial dynamics with respect to phytate utilization ability. In Wasaki, J., Shinano, T., Akasaka, H., Watanabe, J., Tanaka, Y. and Osaki, M. (eds.) Book of International Biomicrocosmos Workshop – for the Enhancement of Rhizosphere Research – 2005
  • Effects of nutrients and soil microorganisms on the root morphology and nutrient uptake in white lupin. In Wasaki, J., Shinano, T., Akasaka, H., Watanabe, J., Tanaka, Y. and Osaki, M. (eds.) Book of International Biomicrocosmos Workshop – for the Enhan・・・
    ‘Sustainable and Safe Food Production’ Project, Sapporo, Japan. 2006年 (ISBN: 4990182715) 
    Effects of nutrients and soil microorganisms on the root morphology and nutrient uptake in white lupin. In Wasaki, J., Shinano, T., Akasaka, H., Watanabe, J., Tanaka, Y. and Osaki, M. (eds.) Book of International Biomicrocosmos Workshop – for the Enhancement of Rhizosphere Research – 2005
  • Function of acid phosphatase in rhizosphere of white lupin. In Wasaki, J., Shinano, T., Akasaka, H., Watanabe, J., Tanaka, Y. and Osaki, M. (eds.) Book of International Biomicrocosmos Workshop – for the Enhancement of Rhizosphere Research, - 2005
    ‘Sustainable and Safe Food Production’ Project, Sapporo, Japan. 2006年 (ISBN: 4990182715)
  • Determination of soil DNA content. Method sheet in “Identification of Single Species and Communities”
    Handbook of Methods Used in Rhizosphere Research. Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL 2006年 (ISBN: 3905621355)
  • 「七百弄郷における持続的なトウモロコシ栽培の過去・現在・未来」、Pp 351-368. 中国産学地帯の森林環境と伝統社会（出村克彦・但野利秋編）
    北海道大学出版会 2006年 (ISBN: 4832981412)
  • Determination of soil DNA content.
    Handbook of Methods Used in Rhizosphere Research. Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL. 2006年 (ISBN: 3905621355)
  • Rhizosphere function of tropical rice in sustaining extreme high yields without fertilizer on acid sulfate soil. In Li, C., Zhang, F.S., Dobermann, A., Hinsinger, P., Lambers, H., Li, X.L., Marschner, P., Maene, L., McGrath, S., Oenema, O., Peng, S.B.,・・・
    Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, P.R. China 2005年 (ISBN: 7302117861) 
    Rhizosphere function of tropical rice in sustaining extreme high yields without fertilizer on acid sulfate soil. In Li, C., Zhang, F.S., Dobermann, A., Hinsinger, P., Lambers, H., Li, X.L., Marschner, P., Maene, L., McGrath, S., Oenema, O., Peng, S.B., Rengel, Z., Shen, Q.R., Welch, R., von Wirén, N., Yan, X.L. and Zhu, Y.G. (eds.) Plant Nutrition. – for Food Security, Human Health and Environmental Protection.
  • nifH gene distribution and expression in the rhizosphere – application of PCR-DGGE. In Li, C., Zhang, F.S., Dobermann, A., Hinsinger, P., Lambers, H., Li, X.L., Marschner, P., Maene, L., McGrath, S., Oenema, O., Peng, S.B., Rengel, Z., Shen, Q.R., Welc・・・
    Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, P.R. China. 2005年 (ISBN: 7302117861) 
    nifH gene distribution and expression in the rhizosphere – application of PCR-DGGE. In Li, C., Zhang, F.S., Dobermann, A., Hinsinger, P., Lambers, H., Li, X.L., Marschner, P., Maene, L., McGrath, S., Oenema, O., Peng, S.B., Rengel, Z., Shen, Q.R., Welch, R., von Wirén, N., Yan, X.L. and Zhu, Y.G. (eds.) Plant Nutrition. – for Food Security, Human Health and Environmental Protection.
  • Rhizosphere regulation by plants growing in adverse soil conditions. In Li, C., Zhang, F.S., Dobermann, A., Hinsinger, P., Lambers, H., Li, X.L., Marschner, P., Maene, L., McGrath, S., Oenema, O., Peng, S.B., Rengel, Z., Shen, Q.R., Welch, R., von Wiré・・・
    Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, P.R. China 2005年 (ISBN: 7302117861) 
    Rhizosphere regulation by plants growing in adverse soil conditions. In Li, C., Zhang, F.S., Dobermann, A., Hinsinger, P., Lambers, H., Li, X.L., Marschner, P., Maene, L., McGrath, S., Oenema, O., Peng, S.B., Rengel, Z., Shen, Q.R., Welch, R., von Wirén, N., Yan, X.L. and Zhu, Y.G. (eds.) Plant Nutrition. – for Food Security, Human Health and Environmental Protection.
  • New insights on primary photosynhtate distribution between rice and sobyban. In Li, C., Zhang, F.S., Dobermann, A., Hinsinger, P., Lambers, H., Li, X.L., Marschner, P., Maene, L., McGrath, S., Oenema, O., Peng, S.B., Rengel, Z., Shen, Q.R., Welch, R., ・・・
    Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, P.R. China 2005年 (ISBN: 7302117861) 
    New insights on primary photosynhtate distribution between rice and sobyban. In Li, C., Zhang, F.S., Dobermann, A., Hinsinger, P., Lambers, H., Li, X.L., Marschner, P., Maene, L., McGrath, S., Oenema, O., Peng, S.B., Rengel, Z., Shen, Q.R., Welch, R., von Wirén, N., Yan, X.L. and Zhu, Y.G. (eds.) Plant Nutrition. – for Food Security, Human Health and Environmental Protection.
  • Phosphorus acquisition ability of transgenic tobacco, which overexpress acid phosphatase gene derived from white lupin. In Li, C., Zhang, F.S., Dobermann, A., Hinsinger, P., Lambers, H., Li, X.L., Marschner, P., Maene, L., McGrath, S., Oenema, O., Peng・・・
    Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, P.R. China 2005年 (ISBN: 7302117861) 
    Phosphorus acquisition ability of transgenic tobacco, which overexpress acid phosphatase gene derived from white lupin. In Li, C., Zhang, F.S., Dobermann, A., Hinsinger, P., Lambers, H., Li, X.L., Marschner, P., Maene, L., McGrath, S., Oenema, O., Peng, S.B., Rengel, Z., Shen, Q.R., Welch, R., von Wirén, N., Yan, X.L. and Zhu, Y.G. (eds.) Plant Nutrition. – for Food Security, Human Health and Environmental Protection.
  • “Cytokinins and gene expression in different senescence types of maize”In Li, C., Zhang, F.S., Dobermann, A., Hinsinger, P., Lambers, H., Li, X.L., Marschner, P., Maene, L., McGrath, S., Oenema, O., Peng, S.B., Rengel, Z., Shen, Q.R., Welch, R., von Wi・・・
    Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, P.R. China. 2005年 (ISBN: 7302117861) 
    “Cytokinins and gene expression in different senescence types of maize”In Li, C., Zhang, F.S., Dobermann, A., Hinsinger, P., Lambers, H., Li, X.L., Marschner, P., Maene, L., McGrath, S., Oenema, O., Peng, S.B., Rengel, Z., Shen, Q.R., Welch, R., von Wirén, N., Yan, X.L. and Zhu, Y.G. (eds.) Plant Nutrition. – for Food Security, Human Health and Environmental Protection.
  • “Whole aspect of phosphorus stress metabolisms applying transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of rice plant”.In Li, C., Zhang, F.S., Dobermann, A., Hinsinger, P., Lambers, H., Li, X.L., Marschner, P., Maene, L., McGrath, S., Oenema, O., Peng, S.B., Ren・・・
    Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, P.R. China. 2005年 (ISBN: 7302117861) 
    “Whole aspect of phosphorus stress metabolisms applying transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of rice plant”.In Li, C., Zhang, F.S., Dobermann, A., Hinsinger, P., Lambers, H., Li, X.L., Marschner, P., Maene, L., McGrath, S., Oenema, O., Peng, S.B., Rengel, Z., Shen, Q.R., Welch, R., von Wirén, N., Yan, X.L. and Zhu, Y.G. (eds.) Plant Nutrition. – for Food Security, Human Health and Environmental Protection.
  • “Effects of P supply and atmospheric CO2 concentration on diversity of soil microorganisms and enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of white lupin”. In Hartmann, A., Schmid, M., Wenzel, W. and Hinsinger, P. (eds.) Rhizosphere 2004 – Perspectives and Ch・・・
    GSF-Forschungszentrum, Neuherberg, Germany. 2005年 
    “Effects of P supply and atmospheric CO2 concentration on diversity of soil microorganisms and enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of white lupin”. In Hartmann, A., Schmid, M., Wenzel, W. and Hinsinger, P. (eds.) Rhizosphere 2004 – Perspectives and Challenges – A Tribute to Lolenz Hiltner.
  • “Rhizosphere function of tropical rice grown in strong acid soils”. In Hartmann, A., Schmid, M., Wenzel, W. and Hinsinger, P. (eds.) Rhizosphere 2004 – Perspectives and Challenges – A Tribute to Lolenz Hiltner.
    GSF-Forschungszentrum, Neuherberg, Germany. 2005年
  • “Rhizosphere micro-scale bacterial dynamics with respect to phytate utilization ability”. In Hartmann, A., Schmid, M., Wenzel, W. and Hinsinger, P. (eds.) Rhizosphere 2004 – Perspectives and Challenges – A Tribute to Lolenz Hiltner.
    GSF-Forschungszentrum, Neuherberg, Germany. 2005年
  • “A trial to build a DNA chip for the detection of soil microorganisms”. In Hartmann, A., Schmid, M., Wenzel, W. and Hinsinger, P. (eds.) Rhizosphere 2004 – Perspectives and Challenges – A Tribute to Lolenz Hiltner.
    GSF-Forschungszentrum, Neuherberg, Germany. 2005年
  • “Micro-spatial distribution of bacteria in the rhizosphere”, in D. Werner (ed.) Biological Resources and Migration.
    Springer. 2004年 (ISBN: 3540214704)
  • ソース・シンク関係
    新編 農学大事典, 養賢堂 2004年
  • 「篩管からのunloading
    信濃 卓郎 (担当:共著)
    新編 農学大事典、 養賢堂 2004年
  • “Micro-spatial distribution of bacteria in the rhizosphere”, in D. Werner (ed.) Biological Resources and Migration.
    Springer. ISBN 3-540-21470-4 2004年
  • Proceedings of the International Symposium on LAND MANAGEMENT AND BIODIVERSITY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA.
    Suda Pringing. 2003年 (ISBN: 4990182707)
  • Secreted acid phosphatase is expressed in cluster roots of lupin in response to phosphorus deficiency. In Lambers, H. and Poot, P. (ed.) Structure and functioning of cluster roots and plant responses to phosphate deficiency.
    Kluwer Academic Publishers 2003年 (ISBN: 1402004346)
  • Proceedings of the International Symposium on LAND MANAGEMENT AND BIODIVERSITY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA.
    Suda Pringing. 2003年
  • Secreted acid phosphatase is expressed in cluster roots of lupin in response to phosphorus deficiency. In Lambers, H. and Poot, P. (ed.) Structure and functioning of cluster roots and plant responses to phosphate deficiency.
    Kluwer Academic Publishers 2003年
  • Root-shoot balance in relation to grain formation in maize hybrids differing in leaf senescence. In Dajue, L. (ed.) Second International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture for Food, Energy and Industry. Volume II, （共著）
    Chinese Academy of Sciences 2002年
  • 大崎満・信濃卓郎、「クロロフィル蛍光画像で光合成活性を測る」. ファイテク How to みる・きく・はかる ﾑ植物環境計測ﾑ（ファイトテクノロジー研究会編）
    養賢堂 2002年
  • Root-shoot balance in relation to grain formation in maize hybrids differing in leaf senescence. In Dajue, L. (ed.) Second International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture for Food, Energy and Industry. Volume II, （共著）
    Chinese Academy of Sciences 2002年
  • Amthor, Jeffrey S., 信濃, 卓郎, 及川, 武久 (担当:共訳)
    Jeffrey S. Amthor 学会出版センター 2001年10月 (ISBN: 4762229806) xi, 245p
  • Utilization of acid phosphatase for recycling-use of phosphorus., In Horst, W.J. et al. (ed.) Plant Nutrition - Food security and sustainability of agro-ecosystems, （共著）
    Kluwer Academic Publishers 2001年
  • Chaacterization of secretory acid phosphatase gene of lupin roots and the transformation of the gene into tobacco plants. In Horst, W.J. et al. (ed.) Plant Nutrition - Food security and sustainability of agro-ecosystems, （共著）
    Kluwer Academic Publishers 2001年
  • Cloning and characterization of two secreted acid phosphatases from rice calli. In Horst, W.J. et al. (ed.) Plant Nutrition - Food security and sustainability of agro-ecosystems, （共著）
    Kluwer Academic Publishers 2001年
  • 呼吸と作物の生産性
    学会出版センター 2001年
  • Utilization of acid phosphatase for recycling-use of phosphorus., In Horst, W.J. et al. (ed.) Plant Nutrition - Food security and sustainability of agro-ecosystems, （共著）
    Kluwer Academic Publishers 2001年
  • Chaacterization of secretory acid phosphatase gene of lupin roots and the transformation of the gene into tobacco plants. In Horst, W.J. et al. (ed.) Plant Nutrition - Food security and sustainability of agro-ecosystems, （共著）
    Kluwer Academic Publishers 2001年
  • Cloning and characterization of two secreted acid phosphatases from rice calli. In Horst, W.J. et al. (ed.) Plant Nutrition - Food security and sustainability of agro-ecosystems, （共著）
    Kluwer Academic Publishers 2001年
  • 作物生産と栄養生理
    「北海道農業と土壤肥料1999」 北農会 1999年
  • リン資源のリサイクルの意義とリン酸解離酵素酸性フォスフアターゼ(共著)
    「水環の工学と再利用」・北海道大学図書刊行会 1999年
  • 根と収量
    「根の事典」 朝倉書店 1998年
  • Tadao Ando, Kounosuke Fujita, Tadahiko Mae, Hideaki Matsumoto, Satoshi Mori, Jiro Sekiya 
    Springer 1997年12月 (ISBN: 079234796X) 982

講演・口頭発表等

  • Decrease of RCs transfer from soil to plant is driven by application of manure -Distinguished roles for potassium and organic matter-  [通常講演]
    Takuro Shinano, Masataka SUZUKI, Hayato MARUYAMA, Toshihiro WATANABE, Katushi KUBO
    Centennial Celebration and Congress of the International Union of Soil Sciences 2024年05月 口頭発表（一般）
  • Prediction of Exchangeable 137Cs to Total 137Cs by using MIRs  [招待講演]
    信濃卓郎
    MITATE Symposium 2023年09月 口頭発表（招待・特別）
  • Radioactive cesium transfer from agricultural soil to crops,  [招待講演]
    Shinano, T
    8th International Conference on Wildlife-Biosciences, Biotechnology Innovations and Avant-garde Genetic Technologies 2023年02月
  • Radioactive cesium transfer from agricultural soil to crops,  [招待講演]
    Shinano, T
    International Conference on Climate Resilient Agriculture for Food Security and Sustainability 2023年02月 口頭発表（基調）
  • Radiocesium uptake by vegetables in different soils after nuclear accident of FDNPP  [通常講演]
    Shinano, T
    World Congress of Soil Science 2022年08月 口頭発表（一般）
  • Radiocesium uptake by vegetables in different soils after nuclear accident of FDNPP  [通常講演]
    信濃卓郎
    22nd World Congress of Soil Sciemce 2022年08月 口頭発表（一般）
  • これから歩む道-日本土壌肥料学会・日本学術会議の役割  [招待講演]
    信濃卓郎
    2021年度日本土壌肥料学会主催シンポジウム「原発事故から10年－これまで・今・これからの農業現場を考える」 2021年11月 シンポジウム・ワークショップパネル（指名）
  • Progress on the agricultural activities and remaining problems in Fukushima after 10 years from the Fukushima accident  [招待講演]
    信濃卓郎
    NARO-IAEA/FAO International Symposium 2021年10月 口頭発表（招待・特別）
  • Recovery of agricultural products production in radioactive materials contaminated agricultural field after FDNPP accident  [招待講演]
    信濃卓郎
    NERIS Workshop 2021年06月 口頭発表（招待・特別）
  • 玄米の放射能予測における土壌の交換性カリウムレベルの重要性  [招待講演]
    信濃 卓郎
    日仏セミナー 事故後の汚染された土壌と地域の回復 2019年12月 公開講演，セミナー，チュートリアル，講習，講義等
  • 農業現場における放射能対策の現状と今後  [通常講演]
    信濃 卓郎
    国際土壌の 10 年に向けて-環境問題と土壌肥料- 2019年12月 シンポジウム・ワークショップパネル（指名）
  • Radioactive cesium uptake ability of lupin  [通常講演]
    信濃 卓郎
    14th International Conference of the East and Southeast Asia Federation of Soil Science Societies 2019年11月 口頭発表（一般）
  • 根圏での元素動態における微生物機能の役割  [通常講演]
    信濃 卓郎
    農業農村工学会土壌物理部会第58回研究集会 2019年10月 シンポジウム・ワークショップパネル（指名）
  • Utilization of Soil Phytate by Chance  [通常講演]
    信濃 卓郎
    Challenges for the Education Development on Agriculture and Food Resources in Tropical Asia 2019年09月 口頭発表（一般）
  • 被災地で生産される農産物の課題 モニタリングはいつまで続けるのか？  [招待講演]
    信濃 卓郎
    日本保険物理学会 2019年06月 シンポジウム・ワークショップパネル（指名）
  • 農業現場での原子力発電所事故による放射能ー対策と課題ー  [招待講演]
    信濃 卓郎
    『帰還困難区域における被災家畜と環境：原発事故後8年間の軌跡』 2019年03月 口頭発表（招待・特別）
  • Approach to investigate the root and microorganism interaction by Rhizomics  [招待講演]
    信濃 卓郎
    The Plant Microbiome 2018年11月 口頭発表（招待・特別）
  • Remediation of contaminated agricultural field from radioactive materials.  [通常講演]
    信濃 卓郎
    DEMETTERIS symposium 2018年10月 口頭発表（一般）
  • Agricultural countermeasure against nuclear disaster  [通常講演]
    信濃 卓郎
    21st World Congress of Soil Science 2018年08月 口頭発表（一般）
  • 環境中の放射性物質動態の農業への影響  [招待講演]
    信濃 卓郎
    福島第一原発事故の環境放射能動態解析学 2018年07月 シンポジウム・ワークショップパネル（指名）
  • Interaction between air dose rate and radioactivity of rice  [通常講演]
    信濃 卓郎
    7th International Conference on Radioactivity in the Arctic & other Vulnerable Environments 2018年06月 口頭発表（一般）
  • Decontamination of agricultural field and mitigation of radioactive cesium uptake after nuclear contamination by TEPCO’s FDNPP accident – situation after 7 years  [通常講演]
    信濃 卓郎
    Global Symposium on Soil Pollution (GSOP18) 2018年06月 口頭発表（一般）
  • 農業は復興できたのか？  [招待講演]
    信濃 卓郎
    日本科学未来館Lesson#3.11 シンポジウム「原発事故から７年、放射能汚染の状況はどこまで回復したか」 2018年03月 シンポジウム・ワークショップパネル（指名）
  • 福島における農業復興の現状―震災からの７年を振り返るー  [招待講演]
    信濃 卓郎
    第１回福島県環境創造シンポジウム 2018年03月 シンポジウム・ワークショップパネル（指名）
  • Mid- and Long-term recovery of agriculture from contaminated field by radionuclides in Fukushima.  [通常講演]
    信濃 卓郎
    ICOBTE 2017 2017年07月 シンポジウム・ワークショップパネル（指名）
  • 営農再開のための省力的な保全管理技術について  [招待講演]
    信濃 卓郎
    福島県農業総合センター浜地域農業再生研究センター平成２９年度営農再開技術セミナー 2017年06月 公開講演，セミナー，チュートリアル，講習，講義等
  • Secondary contamination of radioactive cesium to the plant in coastal area of Fukushima in 2013 and aftermath.  [通常講演]
    信濃 卓郎
    4th International Conference on Environmental Radioactivity: Radionuclides as Tracers of Environmental Processes 2017年05月 口頭発表（一般）
  • 放射性物質によって汚染された農地での中長期的な作物生産に向けて  [招待講演]
    信濃 卓郎
    第１３回放射能の農畜水産物等への影響についての研究報告会 2017年01月 公開講演，セミナー，チュートリアル，講習，講義等
  • The situation of radioactive contamination in crops after five years of FDNPP accident.  [通常講演]
    信濃 卓郎
    日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会 2016年05月 口頭発表（一般）
  • 原発事故被災地の農業再生に向けた対策技術研究の貢献と課題  [招待講演]
    信濃 卓郎
    土と肥料の講演会 東日本大震災被災地の農業再生を支える対策技術研究の貢献と課題〜５年後の現状認識〜 2016年04月 公開講演，セミナー，チュートリアル，講習，講義等
  • 農業現場における放射性セシウムと粘土の関係  [招待講演]
    信濃 卓郎
    粘土科学討論会提案型セッション 農地土壌中の粘土画分における放射性セシウムの吸着・固定化〜可給化メカニズムの解明に向けた横断的検討〜 2015年09月 シンポジウム・ワークショップパネル（指名）
  • Mitigation of radioactive contamination from farmland environment and agricultural products.  [招待講演]
    信濃 卓郎
    MARCO-FFTC Joint International Seminar on Management and Remediation Technologies of Rural Soils Contaminated by Heavy Metals and Radioactive Materials, 2014年09月 シンポジウム・ワークショップパネル（指名）
  • 北海道農業における次世代型技術開発に求められるコンセプト  [通常講演]
    北海道農業研究センター研究推進会議本会議 2007年
  • 植物の根と微生物  [通常講演]
    「地球未来学へのいざない」シンポジウム 2007年
  • イオノーム解析によるミヤコグサ変異体スクリーニング  [通常講演]
    無機分析共催セミナー２００７ 2007年
  • Possibility of rhizosphere regulation by root exudates.  [通常講演]
    International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture for Food, Bioenergy and Livelihood Security 2007年
  • 「植物が根圏に求めるもの」  [通常講演]
    日本植物学会北海道支部・日本動物学会北海道支部合同年次大会 市民公開講演会 2006年
  • 元素分析  [通常講演]
    「植物膜輸送」特定領域検討会会議 2006年
  • Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of rice response on P deficiency  [通常講演]
    Lecture in Universidade Federal Viçosa. 2006年
  • Proteomic analysis of rice response on P deficiency.  [通常講演]
    3rd International Symposium: Phosphorus Dynamics in Soil-Plant Continuum 2006年
  • Proteomic analysis of rice response on P deficiency  [通常講演]
    3rd International Symposium: Phosphorus Dynamics in Soil-Plant Continuum 2006年
  • Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of rice response on P deficiency  [通常講演]
    Lecture in Universidade Federal Viçosa. 2006年

所属学協会

  • 日本アイソトープ協会   環境放射能除染学会   根研究会   日本微生物ゲノム学会   土壌微生物学会   植物微生物研究会   日本植物生理学会   日本土壌肥料学会   Hokkaido Dojyo Hiryo Konwakai   Reserach Group of Root   Americal Society of Plant Biologist   The Society of Tropical Agriculture   Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition   

Works（作品等）

  • 農薬肥料無しで農業は可能か 北海道大学／朝日新聞プロフェッサービジット 青森弘前高校
    2007年
  • 農薬肥料無しで農業は可能か 北海道大学／朝日新聞プロフェッサービジット 熊本苓名高校
    2007年
  • 「根」、北大de Night Café 第一回 （サイエンスカフェ）
    2006年
  • 土壌微生物検定用DNAチップの開発
    2003年 -2004年
  • 三井化学 分泌性酸性フォスファターゼ
    2001年 -2004年
  • 未来開拓学
    1998年 -2003年
  • 三菱化学 緩効性肥料の開発
    1998年 -2001年

共同研究・競争的資金等の研究課題

  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A)
    研究期間 : 2019年04月 -2022年03月 
    代表者 : 信濃 卓郎, 和崎 淳, 海野 佑介, 齋藤 隆, 尹 永根, 渡部 敏裕, 俵谷 圭太郎, 若林 正吉
     
    短半減期の放射性炭素である11Cをサイクロトロンによって二酸化炭素ガスとして発生させ、回収し、直ちにマメ科植物のルーピンに同化をし、その後の根への１１Cの移動と根から周辺の土壌への分泌を観察可能なシステムを構築した。検出にはPETを用いた。ルーピンを利用することで、特定の根の部位（クラスタールート）から根圏土壌への大量の同化産物の分泌が確認されたが、全てのクラスタールートで同様に分泌されているのではなく、特定のクラスタールートでのみ分泌が行われていることが明らかになった。
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A)
    研究期間 : 2016年04月 -2019年03月 
    代表者 : 林 誠二, 恩田 裕一, 信濃 卓郎, 申 文浩, 辻 英樹, 保高 徹生, 仁科 一哉
     
    福島県太田川上流におけるテンション並びにテンションレス(パン）ライシメータ試験によって、溶存態Cs-137 は、降雨時に広葉樹の方がスギよりも堆積有機物（リター）から多く溶脱していること、少なくとも土壌20㎝深まで浸透している一方で、降雨浸透が終了した土壌間隙水中においては、浸透水の10分の1程度の濃度となっていることが確認された。農地・ため池については、福島県浜通りを中心に、ため池、河川等の農業用水源から農地に流入する農業用水中の放射性セシウムをモニタリングするとともに、用水由来の放射性セシウムによる玄米への影響等を分析し、カリ施肥による吸収抑制対策を実施すれば、玄米への影響は認められないことを示した。 福島第一原発事故後に本課題参画機関が実施した環境中の放射性Cs測定データの集約・整理については、他機関が実施した測定結果を含め包括的なデータ収集解析を行い、河川水中のCs-137の分配係数が経年的に有意な変化を生じていないこと、空間的変動特性として、福島県浜通り地方の河川に比べ、阿武隈川水系で有意に高いことを明らかにした。また、夏季に東日本広域を対象とした67地点での河川水調査結果を基に、集水域のCs-137平均沈着量によって標準化された溶存態濃度は、土地利用（市街化率）や地形（湿潤指数）との間に有意な正の相関があることを確認した。 太田川水系横川ダム湖を対象に放射性Csの底泥溶出モデルを構築し、溶出速度に対する温度と溶存酸素濃度依存性の再現に成功した。 今後の水中の低濃度の放射性Csのモニタリングのあり方にについて、外部有識者を交えた検討会を開催するとともに、上記結果を踏まえた土地利用・地形・汚染密度を考慮したモニタリングポイントの選定や項目、手法についてコスト面も含め整理し、環境省とも検討内容の共有を図った。
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C)
    研究期間 : 2016年04月 -2019年03月 
    代表者 : 早岡 英介, 信濃 卓郎, 鳥羽 妙, 池田 貴子, 川本 思心, 種村 剛
     
    2018年9月22から24日まで福島県川内村、大熊町、富岡町、田村市を訪ねるリスクコミュニケーション実習を実施した。メンバーは学生2名（北海道大学農学院修士1年、同理学部4年）、社会人3名（CoSTEP13期生2名、12期生が1名）。研究代表者の早岡英介（CoSTEP特任准教授）、分担者の信濃卓郎センター長（農研機構東北農業研究センター農業放射線研究センター）、鳥羽妙尚絅学院大学准教授、研究協力者の本田紀生さん（NPO法人元気になろう福島理事長・大熊町ふるさと応援隊理事・事務局長）が参加した。 2017年度に訪問調査を行った川内村・毛戸（もうど）地区の秋元通さん、一子（いちこ）さんご夫妻の農家民宿で宿泊し様々なお話を伺った。2014年度調査に続き、大熊町・坂下ダムの管理事務所で2018年度で活動を終了した「じじい部隊」の皆さんから現在の復興の進捗と震災当時の状況を聞いた。またブドウの栽培とワイン製造を新しい産業と位置づけている川内村・かわうちワイン株式会社の高木亨さんにワイン畑を案内していただいた。 北海道大学CoSTEPで2018年10月26日、伊藤浩志先生（脳神経科学）より福島でのリスクコミュニケーションに関して、脳科学の視点から講義していただいた。また近著「復興ストレス 失われゆく被災の言葉」「「不安」は悪いことじゃない 脳科学と人文学が教える「こころの処方箋」」の2冊を輪読し、人間のもつ「不安」の本質について学生がディスカッションを行なった。 これら活動を総括する形で、2018年11月9日～11日に福島で開催された第31回日本リスク研究学会年次大会で報告した。研究代表者の早岡英介、分担者の種村剛、池田貴子が企画セッション4「科学とリスク 2つのコミュニケーションのはざまに ～リスコミ教育を通じて～」（11/11 9:00-10:40）において発表し研究者らと議論した。
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A)
    研究期間 : 2015年04月 -2018年03月 
    代表者 : 信濃 卓郎, 海野 佑介, 久保 堅司, 齋藤 隆, 尹 永根, 俵谷 圭太郎, 松波 寿弥
     
    ルーピンを用いて根圏可視化のために地上部に11CO2を同化し、根圏に分泌される11Cを解析する手法開発を確立した。この手法によりクラスタールートの形成位置に強いシグナルが観察され、同化産物が短時間に根圏土壌に分泌されることが確認された。マメ科作物は放射性セシウム吸収能が強く、そのメカニズムに分泌化合物あるいはそれを利用した微生物活性の関与が推察された。カリウム栄養の違いによる根分泌物の解析手法の開発を進め、複数の化合物がカリウム欠乏によって分泌される可能性を示した。根圏微生物叢は同化直後に大きく変動をし、同化産物が根圏に対して直接的、間接的に強く働きかけている実態が示された。
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C)
    研究期間 : 2015年04月 -2018年03月 
    代表者 : 久保 堅司, 二瓶 直登, 信濃 卓郎, 南山 泰宏, 小林 浩幸, 松波 寿弥, 乕田 淳史
     
    コムギにおいて、放射性セシウム(RCs)の子実濃度が異なる品種間で子実濃度に違いが顕れる要因を解析した。土壌の交換性カリ含量が低い条件では「AU49」の方が「シロガネコムギ」よりも子実のRCs濃度が高かったのに対して、土壌の交換性カリ含量が高い条件では逆に「シロガネコムギ」の方が「AU49」よりも子実のRCs濃度が高かった。その違いには、茎葉から子実へのRCsの植物体内における分配が影響していた。根から地上部へのカリウムの移行性を比較したところ、「AU49」の方が「シロガネコムギ」よりも高かった。よって、「AU49」は「シロガネコムギ」と比較してカリウムの要求度が高い品種であることが示された。
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C)
    研究期間 : 2013年04月 -2016年03月 
    代表者 : 中村 卓司, 岡崎 圭毅, 山田 哲也, 信濃 卓郎, 福崎 栄一郎, 渡部 敏裕
     
    大豆では品質低下・減収を招く「青立ち」現象（莢先熟）が多発している。遺伝的特性と青立ち抵抗性の生理生化学的機構の関係を明らかにするため、青立ち抵抗性の異なるRILs(組換え自殖系統群)を用い摘莢処理によって青立ちを発生させ、イオノミクスおよびメタボロミクスの手法を用いて青立ち程度と養分吸収や代謝経路を解析した。その結果、青立ち発生しやすい大豆RILは茎の有機酸・アミノ酸代謝が高まり、窒素含有率が上昇した。これは青立ちによって子実より茎へ養分が転流し、茎で窒素代謝が高まるためと考えられた。
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B)
    研究期間 : 2011年04月 -2014年03月 
    代表者 : 信濃 卓郎, 岡崎 圭毅, 関口 博之, 岩田 幸良
     
    寒冷地の凍結融解時の一酸化二窒素の畑圃場からの生成に着目をし、生成過程での土壌微生物多様性をDNAレベルとmRNA発現レベルから解析を行うためにメタゲノム手法とメタトランスクリプトーム手法を土壌試料に応用し、その結果に基づき種数の多様性の変化ではなく、均等度の変化（一部の種の個体数の顕著な増加）がバイオジェオケミカルプロセスの主導的な役割を担っていることを明らかにした。さらにFunctional Single Cell分離法を用いて低温環境下で優勢的に機能を担っていると想定される種に属する微生物株の取得に成功し、実際に低温下での一酸化二窒素発生能を確認した。
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A)
    研究期間 : 2011年04月 -2014年03月 
    代表者 : 南澤 究, 信濃 卓郎, 山下 明史
     
    植物根圏の物質循環における植物共生菌の役割を知るために、メタゲノム解析によりそれらの物質代謝機能を明らかにすることを目的とした。窒素条件の異なる水田に栽培したイネ根に生息している細菌群集のメタゲノム解析の結果、メタン酸化遺伝子の相対存在比が低窒素環境で上昇していた。日本晴とイネ共生遺伝子CCaMK変異体は、低窒素区においてメタンフラックスが約２倍上昇した。種々の解析の結果、イネCCaMK遺伝子が低窒素環境でメタン酸化窒素固定細菌を受容し、水田環境に豊富なメタンをエネルギー源としてイネ根で窒素固定を行っていた。その他の環境変動に対してもイネ共生細菌群集や土壌RNAが敏感に応答していた。
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B)
    研究期間 : 2011年04月 -2014年03月 
    代表者 : 藤巻 秀, 中村 進一, 信濃 卓郎, 鈴井 伸郎, 河地 有木, 石井 里美, 尹 永根
     
    根系による物質吸収と根からの物質分泌は、農業生産にとって最も重要な機能であるにもかかわらず、土中にあるため、従来、その機能を観測・解析することは困難であった。 本課題では、ポジトロンイメージング等のラジオアイソトープ（RI）イメージング技術を基盤として、根と近傍領域のRIの撮像技術、動画像解析技術などを新たに開発することにより、こうした根の機能を動画像データとして捉え、定量的に解析評価する手法を確立した。さらにそれを利用してカドミウムやセシウム等の吸収や有機物の分泌に関する根の重要な機能や性質を解析・解明することに成功し、本手法が植物機能・農学の研究に効果的であることを示した。
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 挑戦的萌芽研究
    研究期間 : 2011年 -2012年 
    代表者 : 信濃 卓郎, 藤巻 秀, 中村 卓司
     
    短半減期の炭素の放射性同位元素である^<11>Cを二酸化炭素として地上部に同化し、その根圏への分布を解析したところ、側根が発生している根ごく近傍に分布していた。根分泌化合物の解析を低分子と高分子(タンパク質)に関して進めると同時に、根ごく近傍の根圏土壌の微生物群集構造解析、機能性解析を根圏微生物DNAを対象にパイロシーケンシング法で行った結果、植物の生長を説明可能な機能性遺伝子の変動があることが見いだされた。
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A)
    研究期間 : 2010年 -2012年 
    代表者 : 妹尾 啓史, 太田 寛行, 服部 正平, 信濃 卓郎, 南澤 究, 大塚 重人, 橋本 知義, 楊 宗興
     
    新しいDNA塩基配列解読技術を用いて、土壌生態系にどのような微生物が存在してどのような役割を果たしているのかを明らかにすることを試みた。水田土壌の解析では土壌の還元反応や窒素循環に関わる新たな微生物群が見出された。三宅島の2000年噴火被災土壌の解析では、火山災害に対する土壌微生物生態系の「回復力」が明らかにされ、液状きゅう肥連用畑地の解析では、家畜糞尿の農地還元が及ぼす土壌の窒素負荷に対する微生物遺伝子の詳細な応答性が明らかにされた。
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C)
    研究期間 : 2009年 -2011年 
    代表者 : 山本 洋子, 佐々木 孝行, 泉 洋平, 山本 泰, 信濃 卓郎, 中村 卓治, 岡崎 圭毅
     
    アルミニウムイオンは、酸性土壌における主要な作物生育阻害因子である。アルミニウムによる障害機構ならびに植物が持つ耐性機構について、エネルギー代謝(糖代謝)に着目し、主として、タバコ培養細胞株とタバコ植物体を用いて解析した。その結果、エネルギー代謝を呼吸から乳酸発酵に変換することで、アルミニウムが誘発するミトコンドリアの機能不全に基づく活性酸素種(ROS)の生成を抑制する新しい耐性機構を見いだした。
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 特定領域研究
    研究期間 : 2008年 -2009年 
    代表者 : 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕
     
    マメ科モデル植物のミヤコグサ(Lotus japonicus)の養分吸収変異体を獲得するために、これまでに確立した吸収元素の網羅的解析手法であるイオノーム手法を用いた。変異体のスクリーニング対象としてはEMS(ethylmethane sulfonate)処理を行った種子を自分たちで調整した約200系統およびミヤコグサバイオリソースセンターから提供された約7000糸統を用いた。スクリーニング対象とした元素は必須元素としてはB, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo、非必須元素としてはAI, As, Na, Ni, Sr, Cd, Csであり、非必須元素は野生株の生育に障害が出ない程度のレベルで培養液に添加して栽培を行なった。栽培は一定の環境条件下で同時に200系統を栽培し、全ての個体の地上部を別々に分解をし、対象元素含有率の測定をICP-MSを用いて行った。 200系統全体を母集団として、その平均から3倍以上あるいは半分以下にいずれかの元素含有率が変動した場合に変異を生じている候補として選抜し、地上部を切除した後の根部から植物体を再生することで種子を獲得した。同様の操作を繰り返し4世代目にいたっても元素含有率に変動か生じることを確認した系統を変異系統とした。 2000系統から32の変異系統が獲得された。 得られた変異体の中で一つの元素だけが変動している系統は少なく、その平均は4-5種類の元素が同時に変異していることが示された。また元素の種類によっては変動株が多く得られるものがあり、その逆も認められた。実際に獲得したMoの変異株は体内めMoトランスポーターに変異が生じていることが確認され、本手法の有効性が認められた。また、化学的性質の異なる元素が体内においで一定のバランスを持っで存在するイオンホメオスタシスの現象が認められ、変異によってこのバランスかくずれる可能性が初めて示唆された。
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A)
    研究期間 : 2006年 -2009年 
    代表者 : 我妻 忠雄, 山本 洋子, 小山 博之, 信濃 卓郎, 和崎 淳
     
    酸性土壌の主要な植物生育阻害要因であるアルミニウム(Al)による根細胞伸長阻害機構として、糖の吸収阻害に基づく水吸収阻害、根への光合成産物の転流の促進を明らかにした。次いで、新規なAl耐性戦略として、根端細胞膜脂質層中のステロールが多いことの重要性を明らかにした。また、酸耐性とAl 耐性が同じ転写制御系で調節され、それぞれに対応した遺伝子で制御されることを明らかにした。さらに、リン(P)欠乏への耐性戦略として、糖代謝や脂質代謝などの変化がPのリサイクル能に貢献し、マメ科植物では特異的にフラボノイド合成系が大きく寄与することを明らかにした。
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 特定領域研究
    研究期間 : 2006年 -2007年 
    代表者 : 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕
     
    誘導結合プラズマ質量分析(ICP-MS)法を用いてマメ科のモデル植物であるミヤコグサの各種有害元素(アルミニウム、ヒ素、カドミウム、セシウム、鉛、モリブデン、ニッケル、塩、ストロンチウム)の吸収、利用機構についての網羅的解析を進めた。昨年度までに各種有害元素の施与条件、分析条件等の確立を行ない、これまでに変異剤(EMS)処理を行なった約2000株の養分吸収能に関わる変異のスクリーニングを進めた。有害元素を含む20種類の異なる元素に関して植物体全体での濃度に変異が認められる系統、特定の部位(根あるいは地上部)に局在する系統を中心に植物と種子の獲得を行なっている。その結果、銅,マンガン,マグネシウム,モリブデン,カドミウム,ニッケル,ヒ素に関して通常の野生株とは全くことなる挙動を示す変異株が存在することが明らかとなった。このように、当初の目的であるイオノームによる解析手法の開発はほぼ完了したと判断される。そこで、特に挙動の異なるマグネシウム変異体に関して戻し交雑をすすめることにより、変異を引き起こしている遺伝子の獲得を進めている。このマグネシウム変異体は地上部へのマグネシウムの移行が抑制されており、生育量に大きな違いは出ないにも関わらず葉脈間に黄化が認められるという表現系を伴うため、変異の発現の確認が用意である利点もある。ミヤコグサはマメ科のモデル植物であり、マメ科はイネ科植物と比較してカルシウム、マグネシウムの吸収量が多いことが知られており、同じ二価のカチオンであるマグネシウムの吸収移行変異体の獲得は今後のマメ科作物の養分吸収機構を解析するための極めて重要な情報を提供することが期待される。
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B)
    研究期間 : 2005年 -2007年 
    代表者 : 信濃 卓郎, 岡崎 圭毅
     
    初期光合成産物の挙動を同じC3植物であるイネとダイズを用いて比較した実験を行い、その結果、ダイズではイネに比較して同化直後にデンプン画分へ多量の光合成産物を分配していることが明らかになった。代謝経路自体に違いは無いと考えられることから、同化後の分配機構に種間差が存在していることが明らかになった。そこで、いくつかの光合成および初期光合成産物の挙動に関与していると想定される酵素の遺伝子の発現を詳細に解析し、生育ステージによっても有意に変動をしていることを明らかにし、さらに異なる生育ステージでの初期光合成産物の分配を詳細に調べ、遺伝子の変動と同調していることを明らかにした。ダイズで観察されたデンプンへの著しい初期光合成産物の分配は、葉の中での小器官(細胞質、クロロプラスト、液胞)間での物質分配が重要な役割を果たしていることが想定された。抽出操作中に酵素反応によって物質が変化すると、分配機構の解析は不可能であるため、非極性溶媒を用いた小器官の分離方法の開発を行なった。この手法を用いて、実際にダイズの器官内での物質の存在割合について詳細に解析することが可能となった。このような物質の存在割合を解析する時に、より詳細な情報を得るために網羅的代謝産物の(半)定量解析手法であるメタボローム解析手法の導入を試みた。十分な化合物情報と分析手法の条件が決定されているGC-MSを利用したメタボローム手法を導入し、これを利用して植物の環境応答機構の解析を進めた。また、このメタボローム手法は植物の葉のみならず、様々な組織や分泌物等についても応用可能であることを明らかにした
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 萌芽研究
    研究期間 : 2005年 -2006年 
    代表者 : 信濃 卓郎
     
    根圏土壌から回収される極めて少量のDNAをMDA(Multiple Displacement Amplification)法を用いて全てのDNAを十分に増幅する技術を確立した。得られた根圏土壌と根圏外土壌のDNAを用いて、SSH(Suppressive Substractive Hybridization)法によって根圏土壌に多く存在している遺伝子を獲得し、この解析を進めた。解析には理化学研究所の協力によりパイロシーケンス法を導入することによって約400万bpの塩基配列を極めて短時間で決定することが可能となった。この手法を用いてルーピンの同じ植物体の中で成熟したクラスタールート部、若いクラスタールート部、クラスタールートの形成の認められない根部の三カ所を対象とした比較メタゲノム解析を実施した。その結果、特に成熟したクラスタールートにはそこにのみ顕著に存在が認められる遺伝子が多く存在していることが明らかになった。これらの遺伝子のアノテーションは部分的にのみ可能である。rRNA遺伝子の配列情報に基づき、全ての配列(約400万bp)を対象として調査した結果、帰属する生物種からは成熟したクラスタールートにおいては細菌由来の遺伝子よりは菌由来の遺伝子が多くなる傾向が認められた。その一方で、rRNA以外の機能既知の遺伝子に関して得られた情報は極めて限定的であり、そのデータのみで根圏特有の微生物の機能の解明にはいたらなかった。さらに詳細な情報の収集と解析手法の開発が必要であった。また、多くの機能未知の遺伝子が見いだされ、これらの中には植物と微生物の応答機構に関与していることが予想される遺伝子もあると予想された。
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A)
    研究期間 : 2004年 -2006年 
    代表者 : 大崎 満, 信濃 卓郎, 渡部 敏裕, 小山 博之, 俵谷 圭太郎, 和崎 淳
     
    世界で広範に分布している酸性土壌において植物を栽培するためには、pHが低いことで溶出する金属イオンの毒性とリン酸がアルミニウムや鉄と結合するために起こるリン欠乏に対する耐性の改善が必要である。酸性土壌に適応する一部の植物は根から各種物質を分泌することによって、自ら根圏環境を改善して酸性土壌に適応する能力を有する。本研究は、この分泌能力を解明・強化することを目標として実施した。 低リン耐性の強いルーピンより得た根分泌性酸性ホスファターゼをタバコに導入した。その結果、本酵素の機能により、土壌中有機態リンを分解・可給化することが可能となり、低リン条件下での生育を改善することに成功した。また、シロイヌナズナのリンゴ酸放出をモデルに難溶性リンを可溶化する有機酸の分泌に関する解析を実施し、リンゴ酸輸送タンパク質の誘導的発現に呼応してリンゴ酸が放出されていることを見出した。これは、根組織内部と根端での発現によるものであり、炭素喪失を最小限に抑制する機構であることがわかった。無機態リン酸獲得を向上するためには、部位特異的に発現制御する必要があると結論した。 根から分泌される多糖類ムシラゲのカチオン吸着に関して、Melastoma malabathricumではAlのような三価カチオンに、トウモロコシでは二価カチオンに対する親和性が高いことが示された。M.maalabathricumのムシラゲはAlイオンに対する親和性は高いが、その結合力はトウモロコシのムシラゲと比較すると非常に弱かった。カチオン吸着における性質の違いには、構成糖の組成だけではなく、ウロン酸のメチル化度などが関与していると考えられた。 アーバスキュラー菌根における外生菌糸成長促進物質の分離・精製を行った結果、リン欠乏のタマネギの根の浸出物から外生菌糸伸長と2次以降の分岐を促進する画分A2を得ることに成功した。
  • Plant-Microbe interaction in rhizosphere
    研究期間 : 2001年 -2005年
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B)
    研究期間 : 2001年 -2003年 
    代表者 : 波多野 隆介, 井上 京, 米林 甲陽, 岡崎 正規, 豊田 剛己, 倉持 寛太, 児玉 宏樹, 信濃 卓郎
     
    熱帯泥炭は重要な炭素貯蔵庫であるが、一方主要なメタン発生源とされている。土地の開発と泥炭火災は泥炭地からの炭素放出を増加させ、地球温暖化を助長する。熱帯泥炭における農業と泥炭火災が地球温暖化に及ぼす影響を評価するため、森林、農地および火災中の主要温室効果ガスであるCO_2、CH_4、N_2O放出を測定した。泥炭火災の温暖化ポテンシヤル(GWP:CO_2当量の温室効果ガス放出)は、自然森林のGWPの17倍であり、樹木の燃焼によるGWPより4倍大きかった。その77%はCO_2が占め、CH_4とN_2Oはそれぞれ22%、0.14%を占めた。泥炭と樹木の燃焼の合計のGWPは37kgCm^<-2>yr^<-1>で森林の純一次生産の約37倍と見積もられた。火災後のGWPは自然林の32から42%に低下し、その99%はCO_2放出によるものであった。ただし、植物が消失したため、CO_2は直接大気へ放出される。自然林、再生林土壌はCH_4を吸収していたが、火災地はCH_4を放出した。農地のGWPは自然林の2倍であつた。CO_2放出は日本の農地土壌の5倍であり、GWPの50から90%を占め、残りはN_2O放出が占めた。N_2O放出は年間窒素施与量(626kg N ha^<-1> yr^<-1>)の4から23%を示した。これは、泥炭の分解と農地土壌の高いpHと高い交換性Ca含量のためであると思われる。熱帯泥炭における森林火災は農業のインパクトより圧倒的に大きかった。ただし、有機物分解を促進するかもしれない窒素施肥はN_2Oの放出を助長し、CH_4の吸収を抑制した。
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B)
    研究期間 : 2001年 -2003年 
    代表者 : 橋床 泰之, 田原 哲士, 長谷川 利拡, 信濃 卓郎, 福士 幸治
     
    本研究では、根面微生物フロラを無窒素半流動ゲル培地という非常に厳しい栄養条件で根面の微生物群集を一次スクリーニングにかけ、結果として、γ-プロテオバクテリアを中心とした腐生性の強い細菌類を二次スクリーニングに行くまでに排除することができ、無窒素培地での一次スクリーニングで選抜した窒素固定細菌群とそれに付随する微生物複合系が根面で果たす機能と挙動を半流動ゲルでの混合培養というかたちで可視化することができた。根圏や根面を反映した貧栄養培地で出現する微生物フロラは、貧栄養培地での生存期間が一様に長く、バイオフィルム様の形態をとることが分かった。根面微生物群集の根面での挙動を根圏生物複合系の役割解明に連動させた新しい研究展開の可能性を示すことができた。代表的な硫酸酸性耐性植物であるM.malabathricumの根から得た根面洗浄液を無窒素半流動ゲル培地で継代し、多重層として表現されるミクロフロラから無窒素培地で培養可能な細菌2株を分離し、16S rRNA遺伝子の塩基配列からそれぞれSphingomonas rosaとBurkholderia cepaciaと同定した。このうちのS.rosaが、根面環境を整え、また根圏生物複合系の窒素供給能を高める効果があることが示唆された。S.rosaのように強酸性土壌耐性植物根面から頻繁に分離されるSphingomonas属細菌の多くが、1)根面微環境の緩和に寄与していること、2)根面で直接に窒素固定を行っているか、あるいは、少なくとも根圏複合系の窒素固定環境を整えていること、3)植物の根による根圏Mg^<2+>濃度の制御を介して菌体密度が制御されうること、の特徴を有していた。また、多くの植物根面や茎内で、Sphingomonas属細菌を含めた2者あるいは3者同盟のような共同作業が認められた。従ってSphingomonas属細菌は、根圏微生物群集の遺伝的多様性を支え、生物的室素循環の駆動力になるのではないかと考えられた。
  • 根と根圏微生物
    研究期間 : 2001年
  • 文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(A))
    研究期間 : 1996年 -1998年 
    代表者 : 但野利秋, 水野直治, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満
     
    (1)可溶性ケイ酸濃度が高いアロフェン質黒ボク土では、ケイ酸とアルミニウムが反応して難溶性の沈澱を形成するために、可溶性アルミニウムの濃度が低い特性がある。(2)このことは、河川水中のケイ酸濃度にも良く反映されている。(3)アルミニウムによる作物生育障害は2mMのケイ酸の共存によって軽減される。(4)ケイ酸のアルミニウム障害軽減効果の機構は、根先端の周辺部にケイ酸が集積することによって、根の細胞表面に対するアルミニウムイオンの接触を妨げることによるものであり、その結果根のアルミニウム排除能が強化される。(5)ジャガイモそうか病は世界各地のジャガイモ栽培地域で発生している病害であり、この病害の防止法は未だ確立されていないために、ジャガイモの生産に対して多大な被害をもたらしている。しかし、ジャガイモそうか病菌の生育は、土壌溶液中にアルミニウムが溶存することによって、ジャガイモの生育が阻害される濃度より低い濃度で阻害される。(6)ジャガイモそうか病が発生する土壌と発生しない抑止土壌があることは以前から知られていたが、その原因は不明であった。しかし本研究によって、アロフェン質黒ボク土のような可溶性ケイ酸濃度が高い土壌では、ケイ酸濃度が高いためにアルミニウム濃度が低く、その結果ジャガイモそうか病が発生しやすいことと、可溶性ケイ酸濃度が低い土壌では、アルミニウム濃度が高く、そのためにジャ...
  • 文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(一般研究(C), 基盤研究(C))
    研究期間 : 1995年 -1996年 
    代表者 : 信濃 卓郎
     
    植物の乾物生産、ガス交換能は体内の窒素含有率などの静的な要因のみでは、ある生育ステージに関して説明が可能であっても生育全般を解析する場合には困難があることが多い。そこで、物質の移動速度といった動的な要因によっても強く支配されている可能性を明らかにすることを目的として以下の実験を行った。11種類の作物および樹木を供試し、最大展開葉に^<14>CO_2または^<35>S-メチニオンを同化し、炭素と窒素の移行速度を推定した。同時に生育に伴う窒素含有率、光合成能の変遷を測定し、炭素と窒素の移行速度との関連性を調査した。1.^<14>Cで評価した炭素の移行速度(^4C移行速度)と^<35>Sで評価した窒素の移行速度(^<35>S移行速度)は正の相関を示したことから、炭素と窒素の転流は相互に関連しているものと推定された。2.葉の窒素含有率はいずれの植物でも出葉期に高く(45-65mgg^<-1>)その後急速に低下した。マメ科の窒素含有率は作物、樹木いずれでも他の植物種に比較して高く推移した。また一枚の葉の寿命は樹木で作物よりも長かった。窒素含有率の変化率から葉からのみかけの窒素の流出速度(Ni)を算出した。Niは作物、特にトウモロコシで高く、樹木で低かった。Niと^<35>Sの移行速度は正の相関を示した。3.光合成能と14C移行速度との間には正の相関が認められたことから、光合成能と葉からのみかけの炭素流出の間には密接な相互関係が存在すると推定された。そこで単位窒素あたりの光合成能から葉からのみかけの炭素流出速度(Cl)を算出した。4.供試した植物全体ではNiが高まるとClは指数関数的に高まり、両者の間には密接な関係があることが示された。このことは光合成能が窒素含有率のみではなく、窒素の移行速度によっても制御されることを示している。
  • 文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(国際学術研究)
    研究期間 : 1993年 -1994年 
    代表者 : 依田恭二, ブレッドプラチャイヨ, ソムチャイトランソン, プリチャダンマノンダ, ポンサクサフナル, 篭谷康行, 川口英之, 神崎護, Thoranisorn, PrachaiyoBu, Dhanmanonda, SahunaluPon, 信濃卓郎, 大崎満, 桜井克年
     
    1.乾燥常緑林乾燥常緑林では,森林の炭素循環をシミュレ-トする過程で,いままで無視されてきた2つの要素,炭素循環の律速過程である栄養塩類の動態と森林の更新ダイナミクスを重点的に調査した.炭素の動きの速度を左右するのは,栄養塩類の利用可能量と植物の栄養戦略であること,また,森林の更新サイクルにともなう構造の不均質性をモデルに組み込むことがモデル化に不可欠であるとの認識にたち,以下の成果を得た.(1)森林の構造と種類組成:サケラ-ト環境研究センタ-内の乾燥常緑林(Dry Evergreen Forest)に設置した2.5haの調査区で行った森林構造の調査の結果,林冠木の立枯や倒伏が引金となって400m^2以下の面積のギャップがほぼ毎年形成され,それが森林構造を常に不均質にしていることが明かとなった.また,ギャップの形成確率は既存のギャップの周辺部で極めて高いため,1度に形成されるギャップの面積は小さいにも係わらず,森林のモザイク構造はきめの荒いものに成っていた.このため,森林全体としての現存量や枯死植物体量は長周期の大きな変動を起こすことが予想された.(2)リタ-落下量と栄養塩類循環:1993年度から継続しているリタ-落下量の調査から,1本1本の木の落葉は,樹冠を中心にして極めて狭い範囲に集中して落下していることが判明した.また,落下するリタ-中に含まれている窒素は種によって大き...
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業
    研究期間 : 1992年 -1992年 
    代表者 : 信濃 卓郎
  • メタボロームによる代謝変動解析
  • メタゲノムによって得られた遺伝子の発現解析
  • 高等植物のリン代謝の分子的解明
  • 植物のC/Nバランスによる生育解析
  • Molecular approach on phosphorus nutuition
  • Root growth on nutrient uptake
  • Growth analysis of plant on C/N ratio

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