近年,日本においてはアートが地域と協力関係を結び,プロジェクトを実施するという動きが加速している.アートはなぜ社会や地域に接近し,どのように地域との連携を深めているのだろうか.金沢美術工芸大学で美学/表象文化論を研究する星野太氏は,社会問題と向き合うアートやアートと観客の関係の論評でも著名な美学者である.今回は,星野氏を訪ね,アートと社会,特に地域との関係を解説してもらい,その中でアートはどのような課題を抱え,今後どのように解決していこうと考えているのかという展望を語ってもらった.本インタビューで,地域振興のためにアートが活用される際に生じる,公共性という概念をどのように社会と共有していくか,という,科学技術コミュニケーションにも通じる課題が明らかになった.In recent years, the movement of art to cooperate with the region and society is accelerating in Japan. Why is art approaching society and the region and how is deepening cooperation with them? Dr. F. Hoshino who researches aesthetics / studies of culture and representation at Kanazawa College of Art is a prominent researcher of aesthetic in the commentary on art facing social problems and the relationship between art and audience. This time, we visited him and asked him to explain the present relationship between art and society, especially the local area, and talk the challenges that the contemporary art has and the prospects. Through this interview, the problem which is also related to the science and technology communication, the sharing of the concept of commonality with society, which arises when art is utilized for regional promotion, has been clarified.
Ritsuko Kikusawa, Motoko Okumoto, Takuya Kubo, Laura Rodrigo
COMPUTERS HELPING PEOPLE WITH SPECIAL NEEDS, PT II (ICCHP 2016) 9759 415 - 418 2016年 [査読有り][通常論文]
eLecture materials for deaf and hard-of-hearing scholars with sign language (SL) interpretation inevitably include multiple-video content. Ausability assessment of such a program was conducted, contrasting presentations with 3 media and 6 media views. The preference of Deaf researchers for SL interpretation to subtitles was confirmed, and the need for different arrangements depending on the needs of users was discovered. A prototype system was developed based on the results.
Recently, art has received a lot of attention in science communication as a tool for engaging a potential audience. However, there are few studies that have analyzed the effects and characteristics of art in science communication. Therefore, the present research is an attempt to examine the emotional and transmission effects of art in the context of science communication. We used two works of art created through collaboration between scientists and artists. These works were then compared with other images of science communication and were analyzed for their communicative effects. Through an experiment that gauged the emotional effect of art, we found that people tend to be impressed by the novelty of a work of art. Through another experiment that probed the transmission effect of art, we also found that a work that used analogy could transmit a complex science concept better than a typical science illustration.
Proceedings of the DigitalHeritage 2013 - Federating the 19th Int'l VSMM, 10th Eurographics GCH, and 2nd UNESCO Memory of the World Conferences, Plus Special Sessions fromCAA, Arqueologica 2.0 et al. 1 251 - 251 2013年 [査読有り][通常論文]
Learning in museums is considered that visitors construct their original knowledge or experiences through museum objects as learning resources. However, it is said that they need museum literacy to interpret them, and such literacy is not an innate but acquired ability from their previous knowledge and experiences. Unfamiliar visitors tend to fail museum learning because of their lacks of the literacy. Therefore, museums should compensate their shortages to develop their learning, but the way has yet to be revealed. This study aims to propose a way to support museum visitors to construct an interpretive framework for studying objects. We analyzed what kind of information constitutes museum literacy by reference to the previous researches. According to this analysis, we outlined a pedagogical process model named as the Cognitive Orientation of Museum and developed a learning material based on the COM to investigate this effect on an actual museum experience. We investigated the effects through a comparative experiment between the COM material and the other interpretative material. As a result, the COM model showed the positive effects on the users' museum learning.
Learning in museums is considered that visitors construct their original knowledge or experiences through museum objects as learning resources. However, it is said that they need museum literacy to interpret them, and such literacy is not an innate but acquired ability from their previous knowledge and experiences. Unfamiliar visitors tend to fail museum learning because of their lacks of the literacy. Therefore, museums should compensate their shortages to develop their learning, but the way has yet to be revealed. This study aims to propose a way to support museum visitors to construct an interpretive framework for studying objects. We analyzed what kind of information constitutes museum literacy by reference to the previous researches. According to this analysis, we outlined a pedagogical process model named as the Cognitive Orientation of Museum and developed a learning material based on the COM to investigate this effect on an actual museum experience. We investigated the effects through a comparative experiment between the COM material and the other interpretative material. As a result, the COM model showed the positive effects on the users' museum learning.
美術館初心者が美術館での学習につまずく原因の一つに,美術館展示から意味を構築する能力である博物館リテラシーが不足していることがあげられる.そこで,本研究では初心者の博物館リテラシーの不足を補うため,演繹的に作品を解釈できるように作品理解の観点を教授する博物館認知オリエンテーション(Cognitive Orientation of Museum:COM)という博物館学習支援モデルを提案する.本研究では,そのCOMの博物館学習における有効性を明らかにするために,COMに沿った学習教材を開発し,一般的な解説教材と比較し,その効果を検証した.
Museum learning support for visitors, especially for novices, has not been sufficient because of the lack of a supporting model. According to previous work, museums should offer discrete points that are organized into chunks for helping their visitor interpret objects. However such an posteriori support seems still difficult for novices, because they have a lack of overall knowledge relating each point. Therefore, we advanced a suggestion that such novices should be taught object meanings from abstract ideas to more concrete points. We called such interpretation as a deductive methodology of museum learning support, and developed a webpage where learners can learn exhibition meanings by deduction. We evaluated the learning effects of the webpage comparing 4th grade pupils (age: 9-10) from two public schools; pupils of one school used our webpage beforehand and pupils of the other attended their teachers' pre-visit class. Both groups went to a museum, and noted down everything they thought in the museum. As a result, pupils who learned from the webpage could describe more original ideas than pupils who took a pre-visit class by their teacher. From this result, our webpage seems to make pupils learn the meanings of objects more strategically, which also leads to independent learning.
「博物館コンセプトマップCoMMS(Concept Map of Museum Studies)」ワークショップの開催22年度は次の日程、テーマ、場所、メンバーで博物館学コンセプトマップ作成のワークショップを行った。2010年5月18日、博物館情報学、東京藝術大学、若手博物館研究者グループのメンバー2010年7月17日、博物館経営学、東京藝術大学、若手博物館研究者グループのメンバー2010年8月21日、博物館と地域連携、大妻女子大学、日本ミュージアム・マネージメント学会研究会参加者2011年2月4日、博物館のステークホルダー、湘南国際村センター、かながわ国際交流財団と若手博物館研究者グループのメンバー。ワークショップ実施の結果、博物館情報学については、情報の機能と目的別に情報に関するカリキュラム整理の必要性が認識できた。本年度実施した海外調査のうち、情報を利用した展示等に関する調査の結果、実際の館における情報機器及び情報利用については研究の一環として取り組んでいる機関・館はあるものの、積極的な情報機器を用いた展開はあまり見られなかった。ミュージアムにおける情報活用については、ウェブでの情報発信が主であり、展示の中に情報を活用する等の事例は情報機器同様の印象であった。博物館経営学については、次の4つの大分類を抽出することができた。(1)公立館が大多数を占める日本における特質とし...
事前学習モデルによる博物館学習を支援する学習教材の開発と評価
文部科学省:科学研究費補助金(特別研究員奨励費)
研究期間 : 2008年04月 -2009年09月
代表者 : 奥本素子
本研究では、自立的な解釈の前提となる、展示のテーマ、見るポイント、作品間の関連性をあらかじめ学習させることによって、展示室での自立的な展示解釈を支援するCognitive Orientation of Museum(通称COM)モデルを提案している。すでにCOMモデルにのっとって開発された教材の効果は実験によって検証されている。昨年度は、COMモデルを元にしたCOM教材の実践における活用実験を行った
本年度は、COM教材の実践実験の成果を学会発表、論文発表、報告書作成を行った。日本教育工学会論文誌に発表した「美術館学習初心者のための博物館認知オリエンテーションモデルの提案」は、COMモデルの成り立ちと、COM教材の効果を掲載した。同じく、教育工学会論文誌に発表した「博物館学習における学習者独自の展示解釈に関する研究」では、COMモデルの効果のメカニズムを量的・質的分析を行った結果を掲載した。さらに、全日本博物館学会の論文誌である、「博学連携活動における事前学習教材の開発と利用~博物館認知オリエンテーション教材を利用した事前学習~」では、中学校での実践実験に利用した教材開発の過程と、教材利用の結果を掲載した。日本科学教育学会は、中学校での実践研究の発表を行った。その結果、COM教材を利用した事前学習を通じて、学生の美術館への来館動機づけを高められたか否かの検証が必要なことを指摘され、今後の研究の課題にする。また国文学研究資料館で行った、モバイル機器を利用した実験の成果は、報告書の形でまとめ、製本を行い、関係各所に配布した。今後は成果を論文化する予定である。