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詳細
野田　隆史(ノダ　タカシ)
地球環境科学研究院　環境生物科学部門　生態保全学分野
教授
researchmap個人ページ
Last Updated :2023/12/05

基本情報

所属

  • 地球環境科学研究院　環境生物科学部門　生態保全学分野

職名

  • 教授

学位

  • 博士（水産学）（北海道大学）

ホームページURL

J-Global ID

研究キーワード

  • 群集動態   メタ個体群   海洋生態学   岩礁潮間帯   ベントス生態学   個体群生態学   群集生態学   benthos ecology   population ecology   Community ecology   

研究分野

  • 環境・農学 / 生物資源保全学
  • ライフサイエンス / 多様性生物学、分類学
  • ライフサイエンス / 生態学、環境学

担当教育組織

職歴

  • 2016年10月 - 現在 地球環境科学研究院 環境生物科学部門 教授
  • 2016年10月 - 現在 北海道大学 地球環境科学研究院 教授
  • 2005年 - 2016年09月 Associate Professor, Faculty of Environmental Earth Science
  • 2005年 - 2016年09月 北海道大学 地球環境科学研究科(研究院) 准教授
  • 1995年 - 2005年 北海道大学大学院水産科学研究科 助手
  • 1991年 - 2005年 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Fishries,
  • 1991年 - 1995年 北海道大学水産学部 助手
  • 北海道大学

学歴

  •         - 1989年   北海道大学   水産学研究科   水産増殖学
  •         - 1989年   北海道大学
  •         - 1986年   千葉大学   理学部   生物学科
  •         - 1986年   千葉大学

所属学協会

  • 個体群生態学会   日本貝類学会   日本生態学会   The Society of Population Ecology   American Society of Limnology and Oceanography   Malacological Society of Japan   Ecological Society of Japan   The Japanese Association of Benthology   

研究活動情報

論文

  • Ryunosuke Okawa, Takashi Saitoh, Takashi Noda
    Scientific Reports 13 1 2023年10月23日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Abstract The effects of seed dispersers on plant fitness (seed dispersal effectiveness, SDE) have been evaluated based on the number (quantity) and recruitment probability (quality) of dispersed seeds. Although seeds of most zoochorous species are dispersed by two or more animal species, which may interact with each other, SDE has often been studied assuming a one-plant and one-animal species system. We compared the SDE of Japanese walnut (Juglans ailanthifolia) between squirrel-only and squirrel-mouse sites in natural forests of Hokkaido, Japan, and found that the SDE from the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris), considered a primary seed disperser, was altered by an alternative seed disperser species, the Japanese wood mouse (Apodemus speciosus). Seed removal rates at the squirrel-mouse site were significantly higher than those at the squirrel-only site, and both dispersed seeds and seedlings were less aggregated, with a strongly repulsive relationship with adult conspecific trees at the squirrel-mouse site. Seedlings established themselves at a location with fewer medium-sized trees (< 10 cm DBH) at the squirrel-mouse site. These results suggest that the interactive effect of the rodent species affects the SDE of Japanese walnut.
  • Ishida K, Tachibana M, Yao Y, Wada Y, Noda T
    Frontiers in Marine Science 10 1146148  2023年04月28日 [査読有り][通常論文]
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  • Ken Ishida, Michikusa Tachibana, Masakazu Hori, Takehiro Okuda, Tomoko Yamamoto, Masahiro Nakaoka, Takashi Noda
    Scientific Reports 11 1 2021年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    AbstractLong-term patterns in trajectories of natural communities provide insights into ecological resilience, but their assessment requires long-term census data. We analyzed 16-year census data for intertidal communities from 30 rocky shores along Japan’s Pacific coast to assign community change to four possible trajectories (stable, reversible, abrupt, or linear) representing different aspects of ecological resilience, and to estimate multiple metrics of temporal invariability (species richness, species composition, and community abundance). We examined (1) how the prevalence of the four trajectories differs among regions, (2) how the features (model coefficients) of each trajectory vary among regions, and (3) how the temporal invariabilities differ among trajectories and regions. We found that the stable trajectory was the most common. Its features differed among regions, with a faster recovery to steady-state equilibrium in low-latitude regions. Furthermore, trajectories and temporal invariabilities both varied among regions, seemingly in association with the strength of ocean current fluctuations. Thus, the relationship between community temporal invariability and trajectory may be weak or absent, at least at the regional scale.
  • Takashi Noda, Masashi Ohira
    Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2020年11月 [査読有り]
  • Yuki Kanamori, Aiko Iwasaki, Sayaka Oda, Takashi Noda
    Ecological Research 35 1 95 - 105 2020年01月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Both natural and anthropogenic disturbances have significant impacts on populations in terrestrial and marine habitats. Despite evidence that population recovery after large-scale disturbances in terrestrial habitats varies substantially among species depending on species traits and types of disturbance, little is known about interspecific differences in population recovery in marine habitats. In this study, we evaluated the course and status of recovery of the vertical distribution of nine intertidal sessile species over 6 years following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. First, we characterized temporal changes in the vertical position of zonation as the spatial distribution, and total coverage as the local population size after the 2011 earthquake. Then, we evaluated the differences in successional status that explain interspecific differences in zonation recovery speed. Finally, we revealed that temporal changes in the vertical position and abundance after the earthquake differed according to species. The interspecific differences in the speed of recovery of zonation after 2014 were correlated with successional status, with later successional species having a delayed recovery rate. These results indicated that intertidal sessile assemblages continued to change 6 years after the large earthquake, suggesting that evaluations of the impacts of disturbances on assemblages and the course of community recovery require long periods of time.
  • Aiko Iwasaki, Takashi Noda
    Scientific Reports 8 1 795  2018年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Understanding the impacts of natural disturbances on wildlife populations is a central task for ecologists; in general, the severity of impact of a disturbance (e.g., the resulting degree of population decline) is likely to depend primarily on the disturbance intensity (i.e., strength of forcing), type of disturbance, and species vulnerability. However, differences among disturbance events in the physical units of forcing and interspecific differences in the temporal variability of population size under normal (non-disturbance) conditions hinder comprehensive analysis of disturbance severity. Here, we propose new measures of disturbance intensity and severity, both represented by the return periods. We use a meta-analysis to describe the severity-intensity relationship across various disturbance types and species. The severity and the range of its 95% confidential interval increased exponentially with increasing intensity. This nonlinear relationship suggests that physically intense events may have a catastrophic impact, but their severity cannot be extrapolated from the severity-intensity relationship for weak, frequent disturbance events. The framework we propose may help to clarify the influence of event types and species traits on the severity-intensity relationship, as well as to improve our ability to predict the ecological consequences of various disturbance events of unexperienced intensity.
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  • Takashi Noda
    Population Ecology 60 1-2 2018年04月01日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Yuki Kanamori, Keiichi Fukaya, Takashi Noda
    Population Ecology 59 4 301 - 313 2017年10月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Here we considered two fundamental questions in community ecology regarding the relationship between seasonal changes in community structure and environmental gradients: (i) How does the magnitude of seasonal changes in community structure vary along an environmental gradient? (ii) How do the processes driving seasonal changes in community structure vary along an environmental gradient? To examine these questions, we investigated intertidal sessile assemblages inhabiting a notable vertical environmental gradient and fitted a transition probability matrix model to decadal time series data gathered at 25 plots along the Pacific coast of eastern Hokkaido, Japan. We found that the magnitude of seasonal changes in community structure was the largest at mid shore. The major processes driving seasonal changes in community structure changed vertically, reflecting the indirect influence of vertical changes in the physical environment on the vertical distributions of species. An unexpected finding was that the magnitude of seasonal changes in community structure did not reflect the strength of seasonal variation in the physical environment. One explanation may be that sessile organisms living on the high shore have a broad tolerance to environmental stress and are thus less sensitive to the large seasonal variation in physical stress.
  • NODA Takashi, SAKAGUCHI Masayuki, IWASAKI Aiko, FUKAYA Keiichi
    Coastal marine science 40 2 35 - 43 International Coastal Research Center, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo 2017年09月30日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    By analyzing data obtained from 23 plots on five shores along the Pacific coast of Japan over 7 years, we explored theinfluence of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake on the population dynamics of a rocky intertidal barnacle, Chthamalus challengeri. Weaddressed the following three questions. (1) At local and intermediate scales, how did the spatial patterns of larval recruitmentchange after the earthquake? (2) At broader spatial scales encompassing the entire meta-population, did larval recruitmentchange with the alteration of stock size after the earthquake? (3) How did the relative importance of larval recruitment as a determinantof local population growth rate change after the earthquake? The results demonstrated that while the spatial patternof C. challengeri larval recruitment was only slightly modified by the 2011 earthquake, the population dynamics were significantlychanged immediately (1–2 years) after the earthquake at two contrasting spatial scales. At a broad spatial scale encompassingseveral bays, the population size increased, consequently enhancing recruitment intensity, whereas at the local scale,the dependence of local population growth rate on larval recruitment increased. The former finding contradicts a widelyaccepted assumption that severe physical disturbances occurring at a broad spatial scale heavily impact natural populations.Special Issue（東日本大震災特集）
  • Noda, Takashi
    Population Ecology 59 1 2017年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • 野田 隆史
    日本水産学会誌 83 4 677 - 680 2017年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Takashi Noda, Aiko Iwasaki, Keiichi Fukaya
    Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 96 8 1549 - 1555 2016年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    To assess the course and status of recovery of rocky intertidal zonation after massive subsidence caused by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, from 2011 to 2013 we censused the vertical distribution of 10 dominant macrobenthic species (six sessile and four mobile species) in the mid-shore zone of 23 sites along the Sanriku coastline, 150–160 km north-northwest of the earthquake epicentre, and compared the vertical distributions of each species with their vertical distributions in the pre-earthquake period. The dynamics of rocky intertidal zonation varied substantially among species. Among sessile species, one barnacle dramatically increased in abundance and expanded its vertical range in 2011, but then decreased and completely disappeared from all plots by 2013. Zonations of other sessile species shifted downward following the subsidence in 2011. With some species, there was no clear change in abundance immediately after the earthquake, but they then began to increase and move upward after a few years; with other species, abundance continuously decreased. There was no clear change in the vertical distribution of any of the mobile species immediately after the earthquake. Abundance of two mobile species was unchanged, but abundance of the others decreased from 2012 and had not recovered as of 2013.
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  • FUKAYA Keiichi, ROYLE J. Andrew, OKUDA Takehiro, NAKAOKA Masahiro, NODA Takashi
    Methods in Ecology and Evolution 8 6 757 - 767 2016年11月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    1. Estimation of transition probabilities of sessile communities seems easy in principle but may still be difficult in practice because resampling error (i.e. a failure to resample exactly the same location at fixed points) may cause significant estimation bias. Previous studies have developed novel analytical methods to correct for this estimation bias. However, they did not consider the local structure of community composition induced by the aggregated distribution of organisms that is typically observed in sessile assemblages and is very likely to affect observations. 2. We developed a multistate dynamic site occupancy model to estimate transition probabilities that accounts for resampling errors associated with local community structure. The model applies a nonparametric multivariate kernel smoothing methodology to the latent occupancy component to estimate the local state composition near each observation point, which is assumed to determine the probability distribution of data conditional on the occurrence of resampling error. 3. By using computer simulations, we confirmed that an observation process that depends on local community structure may bias inferences about transition probabilities. By applying the proposed model to a real data set of intertidal sessile communities, we also showed that estimates of transition probabilities and of the properties of community dynamics may differ considerably when spatial dependence is taken into account. 4. Results suggest the importance of accounting for resampling error and local community structure for developing management plans that are based on Markovian models. Our approach provides a solution to this problem that is applicable to broad sessile communities. It can even accommodate an anisotropic spatial correlation of species composition, and may also serve as a basis for inferring complex nonlinear ecological dynamics.
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  • Aiko Iwasaki, Keiichi Fukaya, Takashi Noda
    Ecological Impacts of Tsunamis on Coastal Ecosystems 35 - 46 2016年 [査読有り]
  • Takashi Noda, Masayuki Sakaguchi, Aiko Iwasaki, Keiichi Fukaya
    Ecological Impacts of Tsunamis on Coastal Ecosystems 47 - 58 2016年
  • Alam, A. K. M. Rashidul, Noda, Takashi
    Population Ecology 58 4 507 - 514 2016年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The barnacle, Balanus glandula has recently invaded along the Pacific coast of eastern Hokkaido, Japan. To evaluate the direct and indirect effects of endemic seaweeds, barnacles, and invertebrate predators on the abundance of B. glandula on the rocky intertidal coast of eastern Hokkaido, we conducted a field experiment from June 2011 to October 2012 in which we manipulated the presence or absence of these factors. Seaweeds showed no significant effect on the abundance of B. glandula. The endemic barnacle Chthamalus dalli and the invertebrate predator Nucella lima reduced the abundance of B. glandula. However, the simultaneous influence of N. lima and C. dalli was compensative rather than additive, probably due to keystone predation. These findings suggest that competition by the endemic barnacle C. dalli and predation by the invertebrate predator N. lima decreased the abundance of B. glandula, but that N. lima predation on C. dalli weakened the negative influence of C. dalli on B. glandula. The implications of these findings are twofold: the endemic competitor and invertebrate predator may have played important roles in decreasing the abundance of B. glandula in natural habitats, and conservation of endemic invertebrate predators may be crucial to impede the establishment and survival of introduced barnacles in rocky intertidal habitats.
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  • 野田 隆史
    日本生態学会誌 66 1 95 - 108 2016年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Sahara, Ryosuke, Fukaya, Keiichi, Okuda, Takehiro, Hori, Masakazu, Yamamoto, Tomoko, Nakaoka, Masahiro, Noda, Takashi
    Ecography 39 5 487 - 495 2016年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Many marine benthic invertebrates pass through a planktonic larval stage whereas others spend their entire lifetimes in benthic habitats. Recent studies indicate that non-planktonic species show relatively greater fine-scale patchiness than do planktonic species, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. One hypothesis for such a difference is that larval dispersal enhances the connectivity of populations and buffers population fluctuations and reduces local extinction risk, consequently increasing patch occupancy rate and decreasing spatial patchiness. If this mechanism does indeed play a significant role, then the distribution of non-planktonic species should be more aggregated - both temporally and spatially - than the distribution of species with a planktonic larval stage. To test this prediction, we compared 1) both the spatial and the temporal abundance-occupancy relationships and 2) both the spatial and the temporal mean-variance relationships of population size across species of rocky intertidal gastropods with differing dispersive traits from the Pacific coast of Japan. We found that, compared to planktonic species, non-planktonic species exhibited 1) a smaller occupancy rate for any given level of mean population size and 2) greater variations in population size, both spatially and temporally. This suggests that the macroecological patterns observed in this study (i.e. the abundance-occupancy relationships and mean-variance relationships of population size across species) were shaped by the effect of larval dispersal dampening population fluctuation, which works over both space and time. While it has been widely assumed that larval dispersal enhances population fluctuations, larval dispersal may in fact enhance the connectively of populations and buffer population fluctuations and reduce local extinction risks.
  • Keiichi Fukaya, Takehiro Okuda, Masahiro Nakaoka, Takashi Noda
    JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY 83 6 1334 - 1343 2014年11月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Explanations for why population dynamics vary across the range of a species reflect two contrasting hypotheses: (i) temporal variability of populations is larger in the centre of the range compared to the margins because overcompensatory density dependence destabilizes population dynamics and (ii) population variability is larger near the margins, where populations are more susceptible to environmental fluctuations. In both of these hypotheses, positions within the range are assumed to affect population variability. In contrast, the fact that population variability is often related to mean population size implies that the spatial structure of the population size within the range of a species may also be a useful predictor of the spatial variation in temporal variability of population size over the range of the species. To explore how population temporal variability varies spatially and the underlying processes responsible for the spatial variation, we focused on the intertidal barnacle Chthamalus dalli and examined differences in its population dynamics along the tidal levels it inhabits. Changes in coverage of barnacle populations were monitored for 105years at 25 plots spanning the elevational range of this species. Data were analysed by fitting a population dynamics model to estimate the effects of density-dependent and density-independent processes on population growth. We also examined the temporal mean-variance relationship of population size with parameters estimated from the population dynamics model. We found that the relative variability of populations tended to increase from the centre of the elevational range towards the margins because of an increase in the magnitude of stochastic fluctuations of growth rates. Thus, our results supported hypothesis (2). We also found that spatial variations in temporal population variability were well characterized by Taylor's power law, the relative population variability being inversely related to the mean population size. Results suggest that understanding the population dynamics of a species over its range may be facilitated by taking the spatial structure of population size into account as well as by considering changes in population processes as a function of position within the range of the species.
  • A. K. M. Rashidul Alam, Tomoaki Hagino, Keiichi Fukaya, Takehiro Okuda, Masahiro Nakaoka, Takashi Noda
    BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS 16 8 1699 - 1708 2014年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    To understand the patterns and processes associated with the population dynamics of Balanus glandula during the early phase of invasion along the Pacific coast of eastern Hokkaido, population surveys were conducted from 2002 to 2011 at five shores, each consisting of five paired plots (scraped recruitment plot and unscraped establishment plot), along 49 km of coastline located 144 km east of the eastern front of the invasion of this species in 2000. Larval recruitment was first detected in 2004, but the establishment of a population was not observed until 2 years later at the westernmost shore of the study area. Occurrence increased from non-native barnacle present in 4 % of plots in 2006 to 100 % in 2011, but mean coverage remained low (< 5 %) in 2011. Most local population coverage fluctuated without indicating clear temporal trends, but coverage in one plot showed a consistent pattern of rapid increase. Local extinctions occurred, but rates of local extinction decreased with time as larval recruitment increased. Lag times between recruitment and establishment occurred for 64 % of the paired plots and ranged from 1 to 4 years. Lag times decreased after 5 years, when larval recruitment increased. These findings suggest that the intensity of larval recruitment determined invasion dynamics during this early phase of the invasion, and the monitoring of recruitment is therefore essential for early detection of invasions by sessile marine organisms and prediction of their range expansion.
  • Keiichi Fukaya, Takehiro Okuda, Masakazu Hori, Tomoko Yamamoto, Masahiro Nakaoka, Takashi Noda
    ECOSPHERE 4 4 48  2013年04月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Although researchers recognize that population dynamics can vary in space and time as a result of differences in biotic and abiotic conditions, spatial and temporal variability in the patterns and processes of population dynamics have not been well documented on a seasonal time frame. We quantified seasonal changes in the coverage of intertidal barnacles, Chthamalus spp., with data collected for as many as 9 years at 88 plots in five regions located along more than 1800 km of the Pacific coastline of Japan from 31 degrees N to 43 degrees N. To examine how seasonal changes and the spatial heterogeneity of environments can interact to influence patterns and processes of population dynamics, we analyzed the data with two models of population variability: a population dynamics model, which provides knowledge about processes that determine population growth rates; and Taylor's power law, which summarizes the relationship between the temporal mean and variance of the size of a population (temporal mean-variance relationship). We found that seasonal differences were prevalent in population growth rates, as well as in the strength and spatial scales of processes that determine population growth rates. In addition, the seasonality of these rates and processes varied between habitats at different spatial scales ranging from the scale of among-rocks within a shore to that of among-regions located in different latitudes, suggesting that the effects of seasonal environmental fluctuations on population growth can depend on the spatial heterogeneity of biotic and abiotic conditions that vary at multiple spatial scales. In contrast, the evidence for spatiotemporal differences in temporal mean-variance relationships was weak. Unlike theoretical expectations, spatiotemporal differences in the variability of population size were best explained by a unique power law, despite remarkable regional and seasonal differences in the processes that determine population growth rates. These results suggest that spatiotemporal environmental variability can affect population dynamics at multiple spatial scales but do not necessarily alter the scaling law of population size variability.
  • Keiichi Fukaya, Wakako Shirotori, Momoka Kawai, Takashi Noda
    OIKOS 122 2 235 - 246 2013年02月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The logistic model is a fundamental population model often used as the basis for analyzing wildlife population dynamics. In the classic logistic model, however, population dynamics may be difficult to characterize if habitat size is temporally variable because population density can vary at a constant abundance, which results in variable strength of density-dependent feedback for a given population size. To incorporate habitat size variability, we developed a general population model in which changes in population abundance, density, and habitat size are taken into account. From this model, we deduced several predictions for patterns and processes of population dynamics: 1) patterns of fluctuation in population abundance and density can diverge, with respect of their correlation and relative variability; and 2) along with density dependence, habitat size fluctuation can affect population growth with a time lag because changes in habitat size result in changes in population density. In order to test these predictions, we applied our model to population dynamics data of 36 populations of Tigriopus japonicus, a marine copepod inhabiting tide pools of variable sizes caused by weather processes. As expected, we found a significant difference in the fluctuation patterns of population abundance and density of T. japonicus populations with respect to the correlation between abundance and density and their relative variability, which correlates positively with the variability of habitat size. In addition, we found direct and lagged-indirect effects of weather processes on population growth, which were associated with density dependence and impose regulatory forces on local and regional population dynamics. These results illustrate how changes in habitat size can have an impact on patterns and processes of wildlife population dynamics. We suggest that without knowledge of habitat size fluctuation, measures of population size and its variability as well as inferences about the processes of population dynamics may be misleading.
  • Keiichi Fukaya, Takehiro Okuda, Masahiro Nakaoka, Masakazu Hori, Takashi Noda
    JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY 79 6 1270 - 1279 2010年11月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    P>1. Population growth rate is determined by both density-dependent and density-independent processes. In the temperate zone, the strength and spatial scale of these processes are likely to differ seasonally, but such differences have rarely been quantitatively examined. 2. Coverage, the area occupied by organisms, is a measure of resource use in sessile marine populations. Population models used for density-based studies should be able to characterize effectively fluctuations in coverage, but few have tried to apply such models to sessile populations. 3. We observed coverage of the intertidal barnacle Chthamalus challengeri at 20 plots on four shores along the Pacific coast of Japan over 8 years. We then fitted a population model that incorporated both a density-dependent process (strength of density dependence) and density-independent processes (intrinsic growth rate and stochastic fluctuation at different spatial scales) to these data to analyse the seasonal variation of these processes and answer the following two questions: (i) How do the effects of density-dependent and density-independent processes on population growth vary seasonally? (ii) At what spatial scale, regional (tens of kilometres), shore (hundreds of metres), or rock (tens of centimetres), does density-independent stochastic fluctuation most strongly affect population size changes? 4. Barnacle population size tended to decrease in summer, when population dynamics were characterized by a relatively lower intrinsic growth rate, weaker density dependence and stronger stochastic fluctuation. In contrast, population size tended to increase in winter, reflecting a higher intrinsic growth rate, strong density dependence and weak stochastic fluctuation. 5. In summer, population growth rate was strongly affected by regional-scale stochastic fluctuation, whereas in winter it was affected more by rock-scale stochastic fluctuation, suggesting that populations were strongly affected by regional-scale processes in summer but not in winter. 6. These results indicate that seasonally variable density-dependent and density-independent processes determine the population dynamics of C. challengeri. Therefore, to understand fluctuation patterns of populations of this species, seasonality should be taken into account. Moreover, this study demonstrates that population models commonly used for density-based studies are also applicable to coverage-based population studies.
  • Daphne M. Munroe, Takashi Noda, Takayoshi Ikeda
    JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY 392 1-2 188 - 192 2010年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Local recruitment of marine invertebrates is often variable and can be an important determinant of population structure and dynamics. Here, we examined recruitment of barnacles relative to rock surface topography (cracks) over 4 years at 5 sites in Hokkaido, Japan. We used recruitment over multiple years to test for differences in barnacle response to rock surface topography among shore levels under natural conditions and varying recruit densities. Our results showed that barnacles exhibit different recruitment patterns in relation to surface topography over small spatial scales (50 cm) with barnacles in upper intertidal associating more with cracks (p<0.0001). In general, we found that barnacles tend to recruit more frequently within cracks in the upper shore and this result was not a function of barnacle density or available crack sites. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Takehiro Okuda, Takashi Noda, Tomoko Yamamoto, Masakazu Hori, Masahiro Nakaoka
    ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 36 4 413 - 422 2010年07月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    It has been debated whether the community structure of an open system is more dependent on environmental processes associated with niche explanations, or on spatial processes related to dispersal Their relative importance may differ among taxonomic groups with properties of the community such as ecological characteristics (e g, dispersal ability and life history) and habitat type We examined the relative importance of environmental and spatial processes on community structure for three taxonomic groups with different ecological characteristics (macroalgae, sessile invertebrates, and mobile molluscs) in rocky intertidal shores of Sanriku Coast, Japan. To evaluate the relative contribution of the two processes in determining community structure, we conducted variation partitioning to reveal the degree of variation of community structure (ie, beta-diversity) explained by environmental heterogeneity and spatial arrangement of local communities The results of our analyses indicated that beta-diversity was significantly explained by both environmental factors (macroalgae, 29.3% of community variation sessile animal, 407%. mobile molluscs, 16.7%) and spatial factors (macroalgae, 19.9% sessile animal, 3 6%: mobile molluscs, 6 6%) in all taxonomic groups These results imply that although some taxonomic groups live in the same ecosystem, share common resources, and interact with each other, the mechanisms determining their community structure change depending on ecological characteristics such as dispersal ability and life history (c) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS All rights reserved
  • 奥田 武弘, 野田 隆史, 山本 智子, 堀 正和, 仲岡 雅裕
    日本生態学会誌 60 2 227 - 239 日本生態学会 2010年07月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    マクロ生態学で対象とされる様な大きな空間スケールでは、生物群集は内外に環境の不均一性を持つパッチ状の生息地に分布しており、これらのパッチ間では生物や物質の移動が生じる開放系として存在している。近年になり、開放系における野外実証研究や理論モデルが発展してきており、群集構造決定における生息地の環境の影響(環境プロセス)と空間構造の影響(空間プロセス)の相対的重要性もたびたび議論の的となっている。生物の生態的特性は群集構造決定における環境プロセスと空間プロセスの両方に影響を与えているために、環境プロセスと空間プロセスの相対的重要性を異なる生態的特性を持つ生物群間で比較する方法は、群集構造決定機構の一般則とその変異性(パターンやメカニズムの変化)を解明する上での有効なアプローチの一つとなるだろう。本稿では、生態的特性を考慮したマクロ生態学研究の一例として、三陸沿岸の岩礁潮間帯に生息する3つの生物群(海藻、固着性動物、移動性軟体類)を対象に、群集構造決定機構における環境要因と空間要因の相対的重要性を調べた研究について紹介する。群集構造決定機構における2つのプロセスの相対的重要性を明らかにするために、Variation Partitioningを用いて群集構造のばらつきの程度に対する環境の異質性と空間構造の説明力を調べた。解析の結果、全ての生物群で環境要因(海藻:25.9%、固着性動物:...
  • Daphne M. Munroe, Takashi Noda
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES 412 151 - 162 2010年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Changes in population dynamics of open populations are driven by variability in recruitment and post-recruitment processes. The relative importance of these 2 processes varies within and among populations depending on numerous physical and biological variables. We examined variables that determine the correlation between recruitment and population density in 2 populations of intertidal barnacles (Chthamalus spp.). Data were collected over 5 yr at 59 rocky shore sites with various physical and biological characteristics. We tested the influence of recruitment density, recruitment variability, barnacle species, available free space, surface temperature, rugosity, wave intensity, and density of predators on the correlation (Fisher transformed correlation coefficient r(z)) between recruitment and changes in population coverage. We compared linear models including r(z) and all possible combinations of physical and biological characteristics measured at each site using Akaike's information criterion (AIC). The effect of each variable deemed important by AIC was determined using partial regression plots. Results showed that the most important variables (and their direction of influence) in determining correlation among recruitment and population density were recruitment density (positive), recruitment variability (positive), rugosity (negative), available free space (positive), and wave intensity (positive). The influence of individual variables and combinations of variables changed spatially and temporally. This study showed that recruitment is an important variable determining the population dynamics in open populations but that post-recruitment factors can also influence the correlation between recruitment and population density. It is also clear that the combination and strength of variables influencing population density change over spatial and temporal scales.
  • Masahiro Tsujino, Masakazu Hori, Takehiro Okuda, Masahiro Nakaoka, Tomoko Yamamoto, Takashi Noda
    POPULATION ECOLOGY 52 1 171 - 180 2010年01月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    It is well known that the similarity in species composition between two communities decays with the geographic distance that separates them. It is thus likely that the similarity in the dynamics of two communities also decays with distance, because the distance-decay relationship is fundamental in nature. However, the distance-decay relationships of community dynamics have not yet been revealed. We used transition matrix models to evaluate distance-decay relationships of seasonal community dynamics (from spring to summer) in rocky intertidal sessile assemblages along the Pacific coast of Japan between 31A degrees N and 43A degrees N. We evaluated the distance-decay relationships of whole-community dynamics and of three dynamics-related components-recruitment, disturbance, and species interaction (competition and facilitation)-for communities separated by distances ranging from several meters to thousands of kilometers. The similarity of the recruitment dynamics among communities declined rapidly with distance within the fine spatial scale, but only moderately within larger scales. The similarity of the disturbance dynamics was independent of distance, and the similarity of species interaction declined slightly with increasing distance. The similarity of whole-community dynamics declined rapidly with distance at a fine spatial scale and moderately at larger scales. The fact that the distance-decay relationship of whole-community dynamics was similar to that of recruitment may suggest that recruitment processes are the most important determinant of spatial variability of community dynamics at our study sites during the study period.
  • Daphne M. Munroe, Takashi Noda
    JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM 89 2 345 - 353 2009年03月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Recently developed methods allow quantification and examination of point patterns. Understanding patterns of aggregation or regularity of larval recruits at various spatial scales can help in identifying underlying ecological and biological processes determining their distribution. A rocky shore plot (30 cm wide x 100 cm tall) in southern Hokkaido, Japan was cleared each summer. Barnacle (Chthamallus challengeri) recruitment, after a period of approximately 134 days, was recorded using 40 photographs (25 cm(2)); 8 photographs per 20 cm horizontal band of tidal height, 5 bands total. Barnacle recruits within each photograph were mapped and co-ordinates used to analyse aggregation at scales from 0-2 cm using Ripley's K statistic and neighbourhood density function (NDF) (both models assumed heterogeneity of first-order density). Quadrat density counts at scales from 20-50 cm provided estimates of aggregation using Morisita's standardized index. These analyses showed that barnacle recruits demonstrate ordered spacing up to a distance of 6 mm. From 6 mm to 2 cm recruits show random spacing based on NDF, but ordered distribution based on the Ripley's K statistic. This discrepancy is likely a result of the cumulative nature of the Ripley's K statistic. At larger scales, Morisita's standardized index indicated aggregation. This result may be explained biologically by the trade off between maximizing need for space at small spatial scales, however being constrained by copulation with neighbours, resulting in aggregation at scales larger than the maximum penis length. The observed pattern was consistent among years with different recruitment densities and among tidal levels, indicating site specific characteristics and interspecific interactions may have a larger influence than desiccation stress or density dependence on spacing of recruits.
  • Takehiro Okuda, Takashi Noda, Tomoko Yamamoto, Masakazu Hori, Masahiro Nakaoka
    JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY 78 2 328 - 337 2009年03月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Although latitudinal gradients in species richness within a region are observed in a range of taxa and habitats, little is known about variability in its scale dependence or causal processes. The scale-dependent variability of latitudinal gradients in species richness can be affected by latitudinal differences in (i) the regional relative abundance distribution, and (ii) the degree of aggregated distribution (i.e., intraspecific aggregation and interspecific segregation; henceforth, the degree of aggregation) reflecting differences in ecological processes among regions, which are not mutually exclusive. In rocky intertidal sessile animal assemblages along Japan's Pacific coast (between 31 degrees N and 43 degrees N), scale-dependent variability of the latitudinal gradient in species richness and its causal mechanisms were examined by explicitly incorporating three hierarchical spatial scales into the monitoring design: plots (50 x 100 cm), shores (78 to 235 m), and regions (16.7 to 42.5 km). To evaluate latitudinal differences in the degree of aggregation, the degree of intraspecific aggregation at each spatial scale in each region was examined using the standardized Morishita index. Furthermore, the observed species richness was compared with the species richness expected by random sampling from the regional species pool using randomization tests. Latitudinal gradients in species richness were observed at all spatial scales, but the gradients became steadily more moderate with decreasing spatial scale. The slope of the relative abundance distribution decreased with decreasing latitude. Tests of an index of intraspecific aggregation and randomization tests indicated that although species richness at smaller scales differed significantly from species richness expected based on a random distribution, the degree of aggregation did not vary with latitude. Although some ecological processes (possibly species sorting) may have played a role in determining species richness at small spatial scales, the importance of these processes did not vary with latitude. Thus, scale-dependent variability in the latitudinal gradient of species richness appears to be explained mainly by latitudinal differences in the regional relative abundance distribution by imposing statistical constraint caused by decreasing grain size.
  • Takashi Noda
    POPULATION ECOLOGY 51 1 41 - 55 2009年01月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Advances in community ecology rely on connecting empirical work to theoretical frameworks. In a metacommunity, various coexistence mechanisms should operate on various spatial scales. This review attempts to provide a new empirical synthesis organizing various coexistence mechanisms operating in real metacommunities. This synthesis is based on (1) theoretical frameworks involving comparative predictions and assumptions of various coexistence hypotheses, and (2) empirical understanding of the context dependency of species interactions relating to environmental heterogeneity. By applying this synthesis to rocky intertidal sessile assemblages, which are model systems for studying competitive coexistence, I attempt to provide several integrative views of coexistence and future prospects for research in this system. Nine types of common coexistence mechanism, including five local coexistence mechanisms, two coexistence mechanisms in a homogeneous competitive environment, and two mechanisms in a heterogeneous competitive environment are found to operate in rocky intertidal sessile metacommunities, and their relative importance varies depending on species group, environment, and spatial scale.
  • Takashi Noda, Masahiro Nakaoka, Takenori Takada
    POPULATION ECOLOGY 51 1 3 - 4 2009年01月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Hirokazu Kon, Takashi Noda
    ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 22 5 802 - 806 2007年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Although a recent study has suggested that the minimum temperature from late April to mid-May in the year preceding flowering causes mast seeding in Fagus crenata, no direct evidence is available to support this finding. The aim of the present investigation was, therefore, to test - in a field experiment - whether the minimum temperature determines mast seeding in F. crenata. We examined the effect of nighttime temperatures on flower-bud initiation in F. crenata by enclosing fruit-bearing branches in heated bags at night, thereby maintaining average nighttime temperatures of approximately 2 degrees C above the ambient temperatures. Heating was applied at night from 21 April to 20 May, 21 May to 19 June, and 21 April to 19 June in 2001. Female inflorescence initiation was inhibited by the nocturnal heating in the period 21 April to 20 May and 21 May to 19 June. However, nocturnal heating from 21 April to 20 May was the more important based on the odds ratio of the former being much lower than that of the latter in a logistic regression model. Male inflorescence initiation was also inhibited by nocturnal heating from 21 April to 20 May. We therefore conclude that flower-bud initiation in F. crenata was controlled by nighttime temperatures between 21 April and 20 May.
  • Masakazu Hori, Takashi Noda, Shigeru Nakao
    ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 21 5 768 - 775 2006年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    In this study of a rocky intertidal habitat in northern Japan, feeding by avian consumers had significant effects on algal assemblages and small herbivorous invertebrates. The effects of the birds on algae were different from those of invertebrate grazers such as urchins and gastropods. The abundance of the dominant algal species decreased during the grazing period, increased again after the grazing period, and indirectly affected algal species richness and evenness. Avian grazing also decreased the density of tube-dwelling amphipods on the dominant alga, but did not change the density of mobile and free-living isopods. These results suggest that avian grazers may act as habitat modifiers rather than exploitative competitors for the small herbivorous crustaceans. Avian herbivores consumed only the upper parts of large algal fronds, apparently reducing the amount of suitable microhabitat for the small herbivorous crustaceans, which are subject to a variety of physical or biological stress. Thus, avian herbivores function as ecosystem engineers, regulating community structure in a manner different to invertebrate herbivores in rocky intertidal habitats.
  • Masahiro Nakaoka, Norihiko Ito, Tomoko Yamamoto, Takehiro Okuda, Takashi Noda
    ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 21 3 425 - 435 2006年05月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Factors and processes affecting community structures operate at various spatial and temporal scales. We analyzed how similarities of rocky intertidal assemblages vary at different spatial scales using a nested, hierarchical sampling design. Intertidal assemblages consisting of algae, sessile animals, and mobile animals were censused on five rock walls at each of five shores chosen within each of six regions along the Pacific coast of Japan, encompassing 1,800 km of coastlines. Based on this sampling design, similarities in assemblages were calculated using both qualitative (presence/absence) and quantitative (percent cover and density) data, and compared at three spatial levels: (1) rock level (the finest spatial scale, encompassing several to hundreds of meters), (2) shore level (the intermediate spatial scale, encompassing several to tens of kilometers), and (3) region level (the broadest spatial scale, encompassing hundreds to thousands of kilometers). Cluster analysis showed that assemblages were categorized into distinct regional groups except for the two southern regions, but they did not separate clearly from each shore. A nested analysis of similarities revealed significant variation in similarities among regions and among shores within each region, with the former showing greater variation. Similarity was negatively correlated with geographic distance at the regional level but not at the shore or the rock levels. At the regional level, similarity decreased more rapidly with distance for mobile animals than sessile organisms. The analyses highlighted the importance of broad-scale abiotic/biotic factors such as oceanic current conditions and biogeographic factors in determining observed patterns in similarity of rocky intertidal assemblages.
  • Hori M, T. Noda T
    Fisheries Science 73 2 303 - 313 2006年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • H Kon, T Noda, K Terazawa, H Koyama, M Yasaka
    JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 93 6 1148 - 1155 2005年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    1 Two non-mutually exclusive hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolutionary advantages of mast seeding (the intermittent production of large crops of flowers or seeds by a population of perennial plants). Mast seeding could have evolved as a result of increased pollination efficiency in mast-flowering years and/or as an anti-predator adaptation that increases the survival of seeds by alternately starving seed predators in non-mast years and satiating them in mast years. 2 We investigated annual seed crops to test the relative contributions of pollination efficiency and pre-dispersal predator satiation to mast seeding in Fagus crenata, a tall tree species dominating cool-temperate forests in Japan. Thirteen-year (1990-2002) time series data were collected for five beech forests in south-western Hokkaido. 3 The negative relationship observed between the pollination failure rate and the total seed crop in the current year supports the pollination efficiency hypothesis. The predator satiation hypothesis was also supported by the fact that the predation rate showed a good fit to the ratio of successive total seed crops, suggesting that a numerical response (starving the predator in low seed years) operated in F. crenata. 4 Key-factor analysis revealed that pre-dispersal seed predation had a larger effect on seed production per flower than did pollination efficiency. 5 We used a simulation model to examine how the magnitude of fluctuation in the total seed crop would influence the pollination failure rate, the predation rate and the viable seed rate. The mean levels of fluctuation of total seed crops of F. crenata were just large enough to provide maximum benefits from predator satiation at some sites. 6 Mast seeding in F. crenata thus appears to be determined by selective pressures from its seed predators.
  • H Kon, T Noda, K Terazawa, H Koyama, M Yasaka
    CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE 83 11 1402 - 1409 2005年11月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    To examine the proximate factors causing mast seeding in Fagus crenata Blume in Hokkaido, northern Japan, we analyzed a 13-year time series of seed production in relation to both previous reproduction and weather conditions. In an autocorrelation analysis we observed a significant negative correlation in 1-year time lags for the log-transformed total seed crop. This indicates that internal resource dynamics are important for mast seeding. A strong negative correlation was observed between the total seed crop and minimum temperature from late April to mid-May in the year preceding flowering.. The critical minimum temperature from late April to mid-May for total seed crop at all five sites was about 1.0 degrees C higher than the 22-year (1979-2000) mean of the minimum temperatures, above which very few seeds were produced. These results show that a weather cue triggers the cessation of reproduction in F. crenata. Regression models that included reproduction in the previous year and minimum temperature explained 57.8%-83.1% of the total seed crop at the five study sites. Therefore, resource dynamics and weather cues are clearly involved in mast seeding in F. crenata.
  • 野田 隆史, 深津 雪絵, 奥田 武弘, 堀 正和, 仲岡 雅裕, 山本 智子
    保全生態学研究 10 1 1 - 10 日本生態学会 2005年06月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    岩礁潮間帯生物では希少種の保全に必要な情報はごく限られている.そこで太平洋岸の岩礁潮間帯の海藻を対象にRabinowitz (1981)による希少性分類を適用し, 各カテゴリー間で含まれる種の生物学的特徴の違いと, 海岸ごとの希少種数と群集の特徴の関係を検討した.北海道から九州までの太平洋岸に1500コドラートを設定し, 2003年春と夏に2回, 出現種と総被度を調べた.種名が判明した真潮間帯種でかつ2コドラート以上に出現した83種を解析対象に, 生息地の特殊性(潮位と波圧から求めた生息範囲), 個体群密度(生息可能な環境における出現頻度)および, 地理的分布域(緯度範囲)を求め, Rabinowitzの各カテゴリーに分類した.その結果, 最大のカテゴリーは, 希少種の1カテゴリー「地理的分布は広く, 生息地の特殊性が低く, 個体群密度が低い種」で, 全種の約5割を占めた.次いで大きかったカテゴリーは普通種のカテゴリー「地理的分布は広く, 生息地の特殊性が低く, 個体群密度が高い種」であった.各カテゴリーに含まれる種の生物学的特徴(分類群, 機能群, 体サイズ)に差は認められなかった.また種の豊富さが高い海岸ほど希少種数も全種に占める希少種の割合も共に高かった.
  • 野田 隆史
    日本生態学会誌 54 3 273 - 278 日本生態学会 2004年12月 [査読有り][招待有り]
  • T Noda
    POPULATION ECOLOGY 46 2 105 - 117 2004年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Patterns and functioning of communities, which are determined by a set of processes operating at a large variety of spatial and temporal scales, exhibit quite high context-dependency and low predictability at the fine spatial scales at which recent studies have concentrated. More attention to broader scale and across-scale phenomena may be useful to search for general patterns and rules in communities. In this context, it is effective to incorporate hierarchical spatial scale explicitly into the experimental and sampling design of field studies, an approach referred to here as the spatial hierarchical approach, focusing on a particular assemblage in which biological interaction and species life history are well known. The spatial hierarchical approach can provide insight into the effects of scale in operating processes and answers to a number of important questions in community ecology such as: (1) detection of patterns and processes in spatiotemporal variability in communities, including how to explain the partitioning of pattern information of species diversity at a broad scale into finer scales, and the pattern of spatial variability of community properties at the finest spatial scale; (2) evaluation of changes in patterns observed in macroecology at finer scales; (3) testing of models explaining the coexistence of competing species; and (4) detection of latitudinal patterns in spatiotemporal variability in communities and their causal processes.
  • T Okuda, T Noda, T Yamamoto, N Ito, M Nakaoka
    POPULATION ECOLOGY 46 2 159 - 170 2004年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    This study examined the latitudinal gradient of species diversity of rocky intertidal sessile assemblages on the slopes of rocks along the Northwestern Pacific coast of Japan, located between 31degreesN and 43degreesN, by explicitly incorporating an hierarchical spatial scale into the monitoring design. The specific questions were to examine, (1) whether there is a latitudinal gradient of regional diversity, (2) how spatial components of the regional diversity (local diversity and turnover diversity) vary with latitude depending on spatial scale, and (3) whether the latitudinal gradient differs between different measures of species diversity, i.e. species richness and Simpson's diversity index. We measured coverage and the presence or absence of all sessile organisms in a total of 150 census plots established at five shores in each of six regions. The results showed that there were clear latitudinal gradients in regional species richness and in species turnover among shores. However, these patterns were not reflected in smaller-scale local species richness. For Simpson's diversity index, there was no evidence of latitudinal clines either in regional diversity or in spatial components. These results suggest that relative abundance of common species does not vary along latitude, while the number of rare species increases with decreasing latitude.
  • 野田 隆史
    日本プランクトン学会報 51 2 145 - 150 日本プランクトン学会 2004年08月 [査読無し][招待有り]
  • Y Miyamoto, T Noda
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES 276 293 - 298 2004年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Intertidal mussel species often provide a secondary substrate for competitively inferior species, while excluding them from the primary substrate. To evaluate the net effect, we conducted field experiments that specifically focused on interactions between mussels Septifer virgatus (Miegmann) and algae species. Mussels affected the abundance of 3 algal species differentially, with effects being positive, neutral, or negative. The red alga Porphyra yezoensis grew more abundantly on mussel shells than on rock surfaces. Mussels facilitated recruitment intensity of this species, resulting in increased adult cover on the shells. In contrast, the green alga Monostroma angicava grew less abundantly on mussel shells than on rock surfaces. Mussel shells did not modify recruitment intensity of this alga, but did inhibit its frond growth, and would thus seem to reduce adult cover. Modifications of grazer density by the mussels did not affect either of these algae species. The results indicate that the net effect of mussels on competitively inferior species is not grazer-mediated, and varies from species to species.
  • T Noda
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES 278 241 - 252 2004年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    In marine habitats, regional hydrodynamics often cause large-scale recruitment variability of larvae. However, their resultant effects on the population and associated assemblage are poorly understood. This study was performed to examine recruitment variability of the intertidal barnacle Semibalanus cariosus at 15 sites along 90 km of shoreline on the Kameda Peninsula, Japan, during a 5 yr period. The cause of recruitment variability and its effects on population abundance of S. cariosus and the size and abundance of its predator, the whelk Nucella freycineti, were evaluated. Spatiotemporal variability in recruitment of S. cariosus along the Kameda Peninsula had a large temporal fluctuation with a relatively consistent spatial pattern that was likely to be determined by coastal currents, which are in turn determined by wind patterns. The resultant recruitment variability affected the population and associated assemblage at 2 spatial scales. At the local scale, i.e. within a port, barnacle recruitment variability controlled its population dynamics. At the regional scale, i.e. along tens of kilometers of coastline, the recruitment variability of the barnacle caused geographic variations in its population size and both the body size and the abundance of N. freycineti. These results suggest that regional oceanic current systems strongly affect the benthic assemblage at both local and regional scales by mediation of large-scale spatiotemporal variability in the recruitment of larvae.
  • 野田隆史
    日本生態学会誌 54 3 273 - 278 一般社団法人 日本生態学会 2004年 [査読有り][招待有り]
  • T Noda, N Minamiura, Y Miyamoto
    ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 18 6 695 - 709 2003年11月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The pattern and process of seasonal changes in an intertidal annual algal assemblage were examined at Hiura, northern Japan. Short-term field experiments (<2 months' duration) were set up to quantify the effects of both grazing and pre-emption on species replacement in the assemblage in three different seasons. An 8-month field experiment was set up to quantify long-term effects, including the indirect effects of both grazing and competitive dominance on the community structure. Results suggested that seasonal change in the algal assemblage resulted from the interaction of abiotic environmental change, competition and grazing. The relative contribution of these factors varied within a short period, presumably as a result of seasonal changes in physical environmental stress, free space availability and grazing pressure. From February to March, when grazer density was low and there was much free space available for algae, the dominant species shifted from foliose green alga Monostroma angicava to filamentous red alga Bangia atropurpurea, because B. atropurpurea grew faster than M. angicava. This species replacement was not influenced strongly by biological interaction but by temporal changes in abiotic environmental conditions. From April to mid May, when there was less free space available for algae in the natural community, the dominant B. atropurpurea decreased with increasing foliose red alga Porphyra yezoensis, because only P. yezoensis was able to invade an area pre-empted by algae. Grazing did not affect this species replacement. After mid May, the two dominant species, P. yezoensis and B. atropurpurea, decreased. Their decline was mainly caused by desiccation stress and was partially affected by grazing.
  • 上野 裕介, 野田 隆史, 堀 正和
    海洋 34 6 436 - 441 海洋出版 2002年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 堀 正和, 野田 隆史, 上野 裕介
    海洋 34 6 429 - 435 海洋出版 2002年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 鳥を介した海から陸への物質供給機構-繁殖様式に由来する供給機構の違いを例に-
    月刊海洋 34:430-435 2002年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Journal of Animal Ecology 70,122-137. 2001年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • HORI M
    Ecology 82,3251-3256. 3251 - 3256 2001年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Relationships between otolith weight and fish swimming speed
    Journal of the Fisheries Society of Taiwan 28,203-207. 2001年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 野田 隆史
    海洋 32 10 642 - 646 海洋出版 2000年10月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • S Chiba, T Noda
    JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM 80 4 617 - 622 2000年08月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Substratum heterogeneity on rocky shores can affect the distribution pattern of sessile epibenthic organisms. The rocky shore at Usujiri, southern Hokkaido, Japan, is composed of well-developed, columnar jointed dolerites. In this area, landscape is characterized by a mosaic of barnacle and mussels, where species composition in patches differs among typical topographic-classes, i.e. barnacles dominate on horizontal planes and vertical planes while mussels only inhabit in grooves. To determine the factors maintaining those distribution patterns, the recruitment of dominant sessile species in the typical topographic-classes with and without adults of barnacles and mussels were examined by field experiment. The results showed that the distribution pattern was determined by recruitment, and the recruitment pattern was strongly affected by rock-surface topography. Moreover, the presence of conspecific adults contributed to the maintenance of this topography-related mosaic by facilitating recruitment. These results show: (1) the presence of resource division for rocky topography among barnacles and mussels; and (2) that intraspecific positive interaction rather than interspecific competition may play important role in maintaining the topography-related mosaic of barnacle and mussels at Usujiri.
  • T Noda, K Fukushima, T Mori, SH Ban
    JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM 80 3 545 - 546 2000年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    To examine the effects of submergence time, free-space availability and larval supply on height-related differences in settlement density of Semibalanus cariosus, we monitored the daily settlement density in plots where all benthos were removed daily and in natural-community plots, which were left undisturbed, at two sites with different tidal heights: the centre and the upper limit of S. cariosus zone, during one settlement season. Settlement density was higher at the low-tidal site, where settler mortality was low, than at the mid-tidal site, where settler mortality was high. The between-site differences in settlement was determined by larval preference for height and not immersion time. The settlement preference for height was masked on days with high larval supply since suitable settlement sites in lower height were saturated by settlers.
  • Y Miyamoto, T Noda, S Nakao
    JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM 79 4 621 - 628 1999年08月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Two barnacle species (Semibalanus cariosus and Chthamalus challengeri) were studied during two years at Hokkaido, northern Japan, to find the interspecies boundary and to determine whether interspecific competition (interference and pre-emption) is important in maintaining the zonation in our study system. Both barnacle species showed tide level dependent distribution patterns in the boundary zone. Semibalanus cariosus was dominant at lower levels. this pattern was determined by post-recruitment mortality. This mortality pattern seemed to be set by physical stress because recruitment density and survival rate were not correlated with the cover of other species, and mortality was higher in higher zones where physical stress is more severe. Chthamalus challengeri was dominant at higher levels; this pattern was determined by recruitment. The recruitment density and survival rate of this species were not affected by the covers of other species, thus, neither interference nor pre-emption significantly affected the distribution pattern. Interspecific competition appears to be less important in organizing barnacle communities in our study area than in previously studied areas, however, the recruitment process is of major importance.
  • Ecological Research 14,193-203. 1999年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • T Noda, K Fukushima, T Mori
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES 169 289 - 293 1998年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Settlement abundances of barnacles are determined by larval supply and the ratio of settlement to larval supply (K). This ratio can be divided into 2 functions: the ratio of settlement on bare space to larval supply (k(1)), and the loss of cyprids due to the preempting of rock space by sessile organisms (k(2)). To examine the 3 functions of settlement (i.e. larval supply, k(1) and k(2)) of the barnacle Semibalanus cariosus, we monitored the daily water column larval supply and the daily settlement density in plots where all benthos were removed and in natural-community plots, which were left undisturbed, during one settling season. In both low- and mid-tidal sites, k(1) explained > 75 % of day-to-day variability in K, k(1) and k(2) were density dependent, while daily settlement densities were Linearly related to larval supply, k(1) varied with tidal height and daily larval supply, but not with other physical variables. k(2) varied with daily settlement densities in community-removal plots and was not related to any physical or biological variable. Such density dependence in k(1) and k(2) may have been caused by 3 processes: (1) inhibition of larval settlement by planktonic larvae, (2) enhancement of settlement by conspecifics (and their chemical attractants) on days with relatively low larval density, and/or (3) preemption of suitable settlement substrata by settlers that attached on days with relatively high larval density.
  • 紀藤 典夫, 野田 隆史, 南 俊隆
    第四紀研究 37 1 25 - 32 Japan Association for Quaternary Research 1998年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    函館から発見されたシオフキ・ハマグリ・イボキサゴなどからなる暖流系貝化石群集の14C年代値は約2,400～2,300年前で,従来知られていた縄文海進期の年代よりも新しかった.新たに年代測定された群集を含めると,北海道南部における温暖種の産出年代は7,500年前,4,000年前,および2,400～2,300年前の3つの時期がある.この温暖種の産出年代は,対馬海流の強勢期によく一致する.温暖貝化石群集は,対馬海流の脈動に対応して分布を北海道まで拡げたが,このような事件は完新世に3回生じた可能性がある.
  • T Noda
    JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH 37 1-2 145 - 152 1997年05月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Year-to-year changes in age structure, biomass (B), annual secondary production (P) and P/(B) over bar ratio are described of a population of the subtidal snail Umbonium costatum in Hakodate Bay, northern Japan, during a 6-y period (1982-1988). Population structure and values of biomass and production were highly variable from year to year; the ranges of the annual mean biomass, annual production and PIE ratio were 3.71-9.22 g dry tissue m(-2), 1.01-4.92 g dry tissue m(-2) y(-1) and 0.13-1.33 y(-1), respectively. Change in the age structure was the most important single factor affecting temporal changes in annual production in this population. The annual production of the population was high when young individuals, which have a small body size and high growth rate, dominated the population. While annual P/(B) over bar ratios in 1983 and 1984 fell within the range of values reported for various other gastropods, those in 1985, 1986, 1987 and 1988 were markedly lower, if the relation between the population P/(B) over bar ratio and life span is taken into account. This demonstrates that production estimates from annual biomass and life-span values may lead to incorrect results in a recruitment-limited population.
  • K Inoue, S Odo, T Noda, S Nakao, S Takeyama, E Yamaha, F Yamazaki, S Harayama
    MARINE BIOLOGY 128 1 91 - 95 1997年04月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The adhesive protein allele of mussels collected at 13 points in Japan from Hokkaido to Kyushu was analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction using a set of primers which amplifies a part of the nonrepetitive region of the adhesive protein gene. While most mussels exhibited a 126 bp fragment, characteristic of the pure Mytilus galloprovincialis, 55 of 64 mussels sampled at Hiura and 1 of 14 mussels at Hakodate Port exhibited 168 and 126 bp fragments. Sequence analysis of the two fragments indicated that the 168 and 126 bp fragments are almost identical to previously reported sequences in M. trossulus and M. galloprovincialis, respectively. Since the frequency of heterozygous individuals in Hiura is very high, it is unlikely that they are simple hybrids. However, it is evident that mixing of genes occurred between the two species off Hokkaido.
  • Benthos Research 52,123-131. 1997年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • T Noda, S Nakao
    HYDROBIOLOGIA 324 2 125 - 130 1996年05月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The potential causes of the variable nature of recruitment of marine organisms can be inferred from the scales over which they vary. Sampling for recruits of Semibalanus cariosus on the intertidal concrete tetrapods at 21 fishing ports along the Kameda Peninsula, southern Hokkaido, Japan, was conducted at the end of the recruitment season in 1994 at three spatial scales: at each fishing port, separated by several km; at two sites at each fishing port, separated by several hundred m; and on three blocks at each site, separated by 1-2 m. At all spatial scales, recruitment intensity was independent of adult densities. Recruitment densities significantly varied within all spatial-scales, however, 85.6% of the total variances was estimated to be due to variation among ports. Such km-scale variation of recruitment intensities coincided with the hydrographic pattern of the direction of coastal current.
  • T Noda, S Nakao
    JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY 65 2 196 - 204 1996年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    1. The dynamics of a population of the subtidal snail Umbonium costatum (Kiener), unaffected by larval dispersal from other populations, was studied in Hakodate Bay. northern Japan, during 1982-88 and 1992. 2. During the study periods, the recruitment densities of U. costatum were: highly variable from year to year (85-fold, minimum to maximum). In contrast, adult (i.e. age 1 + year) densities were not highly variable from year to year (3.2-fold, minimum to maximum), since the adult population is composed of many cohorts, with various densities resulting from fluctuating levels of recruitment, 3. During the study period, the age structure of the U. costatum population was always dominated by a few year-classes, a result of sporadic, high recruitment success occurring once every few years. 4. During the study period, density-dependent mortality and growth were not detected in this population. 5. Assuming that only the annual recruitment rate was subject to environmental variability, while other demographic traits (i.e, age-specific survival rates and fecundities) were constant, we made eight independent Leslie matrices and simulated the long-term population dynamics of Li costatum by combining the eight matrices. The results show that the persistence of the U. costatum population in Hakodate Bay is secured by sporadic recruitment occurring once every few years. 6. To our knowledge, this study is the first documentation of recruitment limitation in an entire population from the marine benthos.
  • 五嶋 聖治, 井手 名誉, 藤芳 義裕, 野田 隆史, 中尾 繁
    日本水産学会誌 62 2 195 - 200 日本水産學會 1996年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The reproductive cycle and shell growth of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, transplanted from Lake Akkeshi to Saroma Lagoon, Hokkaido, northern Japan, were studied from April 1991 to August 1992. Histological examination revealed that the spawning season is from July to September, with a peak in August. The shell lengths at first maturity were 25 mm (2 years) and 27 mm (2 or 3 years) for males and females, respectively. Disturbance rings on the shells formed upon transplantation were used to estimate growth, which mainly occurred in May and June. Growth is described by the von Bertalanffy growth equation for both sexes L(t) = 49.71 (1-exp (-0.416 t)), where L(t) is the shell length (mm) at age t (year). The clams in the lagoon had a shorter spawning and growing season, were larger and older at first maturity, and had a more moderate shell length growth rate than clams from southern Japan. Finally, some reproductive and growth-related responses to various habitats were discussed.
  • T NODA, S NAKAO
    MARINE BIOLOGY 123 4 815 - 820 1995年10月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The spatio-temporal population dynamics of the subtidal snail Umbonium costatum (Kiener) in Hakodate Bay, northern Japan, are described over a 9-yr period (1982 to 1988, 1992). Annual variations in recruitment success not only caused the highly variable age structure of the population, but also affected its distribution pattern. In heavy recruitment years (1982, 1984 and 1988), location of the densest population differed from the other years, and the areas with 0 yr old individuals were larger. Every year, the distribution of 0 yr olds was mostly restricted to inshore (within 320 m from shore), while the distribution of adults (> 0 yr) was mostly restricted to offshore (> 320 m from shore). Such patterns may be generated by ontogenetic migration of cohorts to offshore areas. Ontogenetic migration also could have buffered the large annual variation in spat distribution and maintained the small variation in the distribution of adults.
  • 宮本 康, 伊藤 篤, 野田 隆史, 中尾 繁
    貝類学雑誌Venus : the Japanese journal of malacology 54 1 49 - 56 日本貝類学会 1995年03月31日 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Seasonal patterns in growth of shell and soft part weights were investigated for small (immature) and large (mature) individuals of the supralittoral snail, Nodilittorina exigua at Kattoshi, southern Hokkaido. Shell growth was measured monthly for marked animals. Soft part weights of the marked animals were calculated by allometric equations between shell height and dry flesh weight that derived from 50 unmarked individuals for each month. Shell growth of both small and large snails occured only in summer, and growth rate and growth period of large snails were lower and shorter than those o...
  • T NODA, S NAKAO, S GOSHIMA
    MARINE BIOLOGY 122 1 73 - 78 1995年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The life history and reproductive biology of the trochid sand snail Umbonium costatum (Kiener) were investigated on a subtidal sandy shore in Hakodate Bay, Japan between 1988 and 1991. Female U. costatum mature at 1 yr of age (shell diameter = 11 mm), reproduce twice (in June-July and September-October) in successive years, grow to a maximum size (shell diameter = 22 mm) at age 8 yr, increase annual fecundity with age from 2000 (age 1 yr) to 37000 (age 8 yr), and show a maximum monthly gonad somatic index of 8% which is constant among ages, In comparison to a previously studied life history of a tropical Umbonium vestiatium, temperate U. costatum shows more sustained growth and a longer life span after maturation. This could be explained by: (1) the optimal size model concerned with resource investment in gametes (Sebens 1987); and by (2) bet hedging to compensate large variability in larval success at high latitudes. These two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, but both are based on season-related extremes of environment at high latitudes where the period suitable for reproduction is short.
  • 貝類学雑誌 54 1 49-56.  1995年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 五嶋 聖治, 野田 隆史
    日本ベントス学会誌 = Benthos research 42 0 39 - 48 JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF BENTHOLOGY 1992年01月31日 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Monthly measurement of growth rings along the shell margin of the North Pacific cockle Clinocardium californiense revealed that a ring is formed annually in September (above one year-old) or in October (0 year-old), when the bottom temperature is high. Age was determined by counting the number of growth rings on the shell. The VON BERTALANFFY growth equation was fitted to the age-shell length relation, and the equation, LT=57.14(1-exp(-0.526(T-0.143))) is obtained, where LT is the shell length (mm) at age T (year). Seasonal growth pattern was estimated by measuring the monthly shell increment from the last growth ring, and the equation obtained is LT=57.35[1-exp(-0.522(T-0.241)+0.085sin(2π(T-0.476)))]. These equations show nearly the same growth rates with those previously reported for cardiid cockles, but are higher than those for other bivalves.
  • 野田 隆史
    北海道大學水産學部研究彙報 42 4 126 - 135 北海道大学 1991年11月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 野田 隆史
    Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University 42 4 115-125. - 125 北海道大学 1991年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • FUJI A.
    Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University 42,136-146. 136 - 146 1991年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 函館湾におけるキサゴUmbonium costatum(Kiener)の個体群構造と分布
    北海道大学水産学部研究彙報 42 4 115-125.  1991年 [査読無し][通常論文]

書籍

  • 「競争」"動物学の百科事典"
    野田 隆史 (担当:分担執筆範囲:競争)
    丸善出版 2018年09月
  • Ecological Impacts of Tsunamis on Coastal Ecosystems
    IWASAKI Aiko, FUKAYA Keiichi, NODA Takashi (担当:共著範囲:pp.35-46 (Quantitative Evaluation of the Impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami on the Rocky Intertidal Community))
    Springer 2016年11月
  • Marine ecosystems after Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011
    野田 隆史 (担当:分担執筆範囲:pp.73-74: Rocky intertidal zonation: impacts and recovery from the megaquake.)
    Tokai University Press 2016年03月
  • 生態学が語る東日本大震災—自然界に何が起きたのか—
    野田 隆史 (担当:共著範囲:磯の生き物たちと東日本大震災)
    文一総合出版 2016年03月
  • 生態学入門
    日本生態学会生態学教育専門委 (担当:分担執筆範囲:8・2 共存共栄)
    東京化学同人 2012年04月
  • 大串 隆之, 大串 隆之, 近藤 倫生, 野田 隆史 (担当:共編者(共編著者))
    京都大学学術出版会 2008年12月 (ISBN: 487698347X) 189
  • ブナ林再生の応用生態学
    寺澤和彦, 小山浩正 (担当:分担執筆範囲:第１章 第2章)
    文一総合出版 2008年03月
  • 仲岡 雅裕, 野田 隆史, 山本 智子 
    [千葉大学] 2006年
  • 宮下直, 野田隆史 (担当:共著)
    東京大学出版会 2003年02月 (ISBN: 4130622110) 187
  • 「岩礁」“生態学辞典”
    共立出版 2003年
  • 野田 隆史 
    [北海道大学] 2003年
  • 競争とその抑制による種多様性決定機構:岩礁潮間帯の海藻群集「群集生態学の現在」(共著)
    京都大学学術出版会 2001年
  • 自然観察フィールドガイド-みなみ北海道の森・川・海-(共著)
    北海道新聞社 1997年
  • Natural histories about Southern Hokkaido
    GENYO-SHA 1994年
  • 自然誌研究ネットワ, なみ北海道, 後藤 晃, 鴈沢 好博, 沢井 哲滋, 田中 伊織, 田中 邦明, 五嶋 聖治, 野田 隆史, 矢部 衞, 宗原 弘幸, 紀藤 典夫, 寺澤 和彦, 夏目 俊二, 八坂 通泰, 小松 利民, 国兼 信之, 佐藤 理夫, 伴 修平, 柳井 清治, 稗田 一俊, 石本 省三 
    幻洋社 1994年 (ISBN: 4906320260)

その他活動・業績

  • 岩礁の生物への巨大津波の影響は意外に小さかった！
    岩崎藍子, 野田隆史 北海道大学 プレスリリース 2018年01月 [査読無し][通常論文]
    ダウンロード
  • 野田 隆史 日本生態学会誌 63 (3) 361 -363 2013年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 野田 隆史 モーリー (20) 9 -11 2009年07月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Hirokazu Kon, Takashi Noda ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 22 (5) 802 -806 2007年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Although a recent study has suggested that the minimum temperature from late April to mid-May in the year preceding flowering causes mast seeding in Fagus crenata, no direct evidence is available to support this finding. The aim of the present investigation was, therefore, to test - in a field experiment - whether the minimum temperature determines mast seeding in F. crenata. We examined the effect of nighttime temperatures on flower-bud initiation in F. crenata by enclosing fruit-bearing branches in heated bags at night, thereby maintaining average nighttime temperatures of approximately 2 degrees C above the ambient temperatures. Heating was applied at night from 21 April to 20 May, 21 May to 19 June, and 21 April to 19 June in 2001. Female inflorescence initiation was inhibited by the nocturnal heating in the period 21 April to 20 May and 21 May to 19 June. However, nocturnal heating from 21 April to 20 May was the more important based on the odds ratio of the former being much lower than that of the latter in a logistic regression model. Male inflorescence initiation was also inhibited by nocturnal heating from 21 April to 20 May. We therefore conclude that flower-bud initiation in F. crenata was controlled by nighttime temperatures between 21 April and 20 May.
  • Masakazu Hori, Takashi Noda Fisheries Science 73 (2) 303 -313 2007年04月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The present study reports the annual variation in consumption of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius by avian predators on a rocky shore where the culture of sea urchins has been conducted. Carrion crow and a few gull species were the most abundant avian predators and consumed a large number of sea urchins. Crows consumed mostly natural sea urchins, approximately 36 kg ww/ha per year on the intertidal rocky bench, but the gull species consumed mostly cultured sea urchins, approximately 100 kg ww/ha per year in the culture area. The seasonal variation in the amount of sea urchins consumed by crows was higher than that by the gull species, presumably because of the difference in foraging behavior in association with the seasonal tidal cycle. The natural sea urchins consumed are an allochthonous input from the subtidal to the intertidal habitat, and thus, crow predation may not affect the natural and the cultured populations of the sea urchin. The gull species consumed much of the cultured sea urchin, and thus, may be regarded as an effective predator causing damage to sea urchin culture. The results suggest that further studies are needed to determine why the gull species selectively feed on cultured sea urchins. © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.
  • Masakazu Hori, Takashi Noda, Shigeru Nakao ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 21 (5) 768 -775 2006年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    In this study of a rocky intertidal habitat in northern Japan, feeding by avian consumers had significant effects on algal assemblages and small herbivorous invertebrates. The effects of the birds on algae were different from those of invertebrate grazers such as urchins and gastropods. The abundance of the dominant algal species decreased during the grazing period, increased again after the grazing period, and indirectly affected algal species richness and evenness. Avian grazing also decreased the density of tube-dwelling amphipods on the dominant alga, but did not change the density of mobile and free-living isopods. These results suggest that avian grazers may act as habitat modifiers rather than exploitative competitors for the small herbivorous crustaceans. Avian herbivores consumed only the upper parts of large algal fronds, apparently reducing the amount of suitable microhabitat for the small herbivorous crustaceans, which are subject to a variety of physical or biological stress. Thus, avian herbivores function as ecosystem engineers, regulating community structure in a manner different to invertebrate herbivores in rocky intertidal habitats.
  • Masahiro Nakaoka, Norihiko Ito, Tomoko Yamamoto, Takehiro Okuda, Takashi Noda ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 21 (3) 425 -435 2006年05月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Factors and processes affecting community structures operate at various spatial and temporal scales. We analyzed how similarities of rocky intertidal assemblages vary at different spatial scales using a nested, hierarchical sampling design. Intertidal assemblages consisting of algae, sessile animals, and mobile animals were censused on five rock walls at each of five shores chosen within each of six regions along the Pacific coast of Japan, encompassing 1,800 km of coastlines. Based on this sampling design, similarities in assemblages were calculated using both qualitative (presence/absence) and quantitative (percent cover and density) data, and compared at three spatial levels: (1) rock level (the finest spatial scale, encompassing several to hundreds of meters), (2) shore level (the intermediate spatial scale, encompassing several to tens of kilometers), and (3) region level (the broadest spatial scale, encompassing hundreds to thousands of kilometers). Cluster analysis showed that assemblages were categorized into distinct regional groups except for the two southern regions, but they did not separate clearly from each shore. A nested analysis of similarities revealed significant variation in similarities among regions and among shores within each region, with the former showing greater variation. Similarity was negatively correlated with geographic distance at the regional level but not at the shore or the rock levels. At the regional level, similarity decreased more rapidly with distance for mobile animals than sessile organisms. The analyses highlighted the importance of broad-scale abiotic/biotic factors such as oceanic current conditions and biogeographic factors in determining observed patterns in similarity of rocky intertidal assemblages.
  • Yusuke Ueno, Masakazu Hori, Takashi Noda, Hiroshi Mukai Ornithological Science 5 (2) 199 -209 2006年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Piscivorous birds affect terrestrial ecosystems by transporting and introducing organic material and nutrients from aquatic systems. While most of these effects have been evaluated by simple comparisons of the abundance of terrestrial organisms within and outside colonies, little is known about the effects of nest density of piscivorous birds on rates of supply of material inputs within colonies, or on the abundance of terrestrial organisms consuming the materials. To clarify the effects of material inputs by the Grey Heron Ardea cinerea on necrophagous insects and understory plants in a forest, we evaluated the effects of nest density of herons on the spatial pattern of rates of supply of aquatic materials to the forest floor, and the response of necrophagous insects and understory plants to those supply. The herons transported aquatic secondary production in the form of chick carcasses and feces to the forest floor beneath their breeding colonies, and the supply rates were well explained by the nest density. Carcasses and feces increased the densities of necrophagous insects, but feces decreased the biomass of understory plants as supply rates increased. These findings suggest that to evaluate the effects of allochthonous inputs by piscivorous birds on terrestrial communities, it may be necessary to examine not only the presence or absence of bird colonies, but also to examine the relationship between nest density and terrestrial organisms. © 2006, The Ornithological Society of Japan. All rights reserved.
  • H Kon, T Noda, K Terazawa, H Koyama, M Yasaka JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 93 (6) 1148 -1155 2005年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    1 Two non-mutually exclusive hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolutionary advantages of mast seeding (the intermittent production of large crops of flowers or seeds by a population of perennial plants). Mast seeding could have evolved as a result of increased pollination efficiency in mast-flowering years and/or as an anti-predator adaptation that increases the survival of seeds by alternately starving seed predators in non-mast years and satiating them in mast years. 2 We investigated annual seed crops to test the relative contributions of pollination efficiency and pre-dispersal predator satiation to mast seeding in Fagus crenata, a tall tree species dominating cool-temperate forests in Japan. Thirteen-year (1990-2002) time series data were collected for five beech forests in south-western Hokkaido. 3 The negative relationship observed between the pollination failure rate and the total seed crop in the current year supports the pollination efficiency hypothesis. The predator satiation hypothesis was also supported by the fact that the predation rate showed a good fit to the ratio of successive total seed crops, suggesting that a numerical response (starving the predator in low seed years) operated in F. crenata. 4 Key-factor analysis revealed that pre-dispersal seed predation had a larger effect on seed production per flower than did pollination efficiency. 5 We used a simulation model to examine how the magnitude of fluctuation in the total seed crop would influence the pollination failure rate, the predation rate and the viable seed rate. The mean levels of fluctuation of total seed crops of F. crenata were just large enough to provide maximum benefits from predator satiation at some sites. 6 Mast seeding in F. crenata thus appears to be determined by selective pressures from its seed predators.
  • H Kon, T Noda, K Terazawa, H Koyama, M Yasaka CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE 83 (11) 1402 -1409 2005年11月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    To examine the proximate factors causing mast seeding in Fagus crenata Blume in Hokkaido, northern Japan, we analyzed a 13-year time series of seed production in relation to both previous reproduction and weather conditions. In an autocorrelation analysis we observed a significant negative correlation in 1-year time lags for the log-transformed total seed crop. This indicates that internal resource dynamics are important for mast seeding. A strong negative correlation was observed between the total seed crop and minimum temperature from late April to mid-May in the year preceding flowering.. The critical minimum temperature from late April to mid-May for total seed crop at all five sites was about 1.0 degrees C higher than the 22-year (1979-2000) mean of the minimum temperatures, above which very few seeds were produced. These results show that a weather cue triggers the cessation of reproduction in F. crenata. Regression models that included reproduction in the previous year and minimum temperature explained 57.8%-83.1% of the total seed crop at the five study sites. Therefore, resource dynamics and weather cues are clearly involved in mast seeding in F. crenata.
  • T Okuda, T Noda, T Yamamoto, N Ito, M Nakaoka POPULATION ECOLOGY 46 (3) 287 -287 2004年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • T Okuda, T Noda, T Yamamoto, N Ito, M Nakaoka POPULATION ECOLOGY 46 (2) 159 -170 2004年08月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    This study examined the latitudinal gradient of species diversity of rocky intertidal sessile assemblages on the slopes of rocks along the Northwestern Pacific coast of Japan, located between 31degreesN and 43degreesN, by explicitly incorporating an hierarchical spatial scale into the monitoring design. The specific questions were to examine, (1) whether there is a latitudinal gradient of regional diversity, (2) how spatial components of the regional diversity (local diversity and turnover diversity) vary with latitude depending on spatial scale, and (3) whether the latitudinal gradient differs between different measures of species diversity, i.e. species richness and Simpson's diversity index. We measured coverage and the presence or absence of all sessile organisms in a total of 150 census plots established at five shores in each of six regions. The results showed that there were clear latitudinal gradients in regional species richness and in species turnover among shores. However, these patterns were not reflected in smaller-scale local species richness. For Simpson's diversity index, there was no evidence of latitudinal clines either in regional diversity or in spatial components. These results suggest that relative abundance of common species does not vary along latitude, while the number of rare species increases with decreasing latitude.
  • M Nakaoka, T Noda POPULATION ECOLOGY 46 (2) 103 -104 2004年08月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Noda T Marine Ecology Progress Series 278 241 -252 2004年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Y Miyamoto, T Noda MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES 276 293 -298 2004年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Intertidal mussel species often provide a secondary substrate for competitively inferior species, while excluding them from the primary substrate. To evaluate the net effect, we conducted field experiments that specifically focused on interactions between mussels Septifer virgatus (Miegmann) and algae species. Mussels affected the abundance of 3 algal species differentially, with effects being positive, neutral, or negative. The red alga Porphyra yezoensis grew more abundantly on mussel shells than on rock surfaces. Mussels facilitated recruitment intensity of this species, resulting in increased adult cover on the shells. In contrast, the green alga Monostroma angicava grew less abundantly on mussel shells than on rock surfaces. Mussel shells did not modify recruitment intensity of this alga, but did inhibit its frond growth, and would thus seem to reduce adult cover. Modifications of grazer density by the mussels did not affect either of these algae species. The results indicate that the net effect of mussels on competitively inferior species is not grazer-mediated, and varies from species to species.
  • T Noda, N Minamiura, Y Miyamoto ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 18 (6) 695 -709 2003年11月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The pattern and process of seasonal changes in an intertidal annual algal assemblage were examined at Hiura, northern Japan. Short-term field experiments (<2 months' duration) were set up to quantify the effects of both grazing and pre-emption on species replacement in the assemblage in three different seasons. An 8-month field experiment was set up to quantify long-term effects, including the indirect effects of both grazing and competitive dominance on the community structure. Results suggested that seasonal change in the algal assemblage resulted from the interaction of abiotic environmental change, competition and grazing. The relative contribution of these factors varied within a short period, presumably as a result of seasonal changes in physical environmental stress, free space availability and grazing pressure. From February to March, when grazer density was low and there was much free space available for algae, the dominant species shifted from foliose green alga Monostroma angicava to filamentous red alga Bangia atropurpurea, because B. atropurpurea grew faster than M. angicava. This species replacement was not influenced strongly by biological interaction but by temporal changes in abiotic environmental conditions. From April to mid May, when there was less free space available for algae in the natural community, the dominant B. atropurpurea decreased with increasing foliose red alga Porphyra yezoensis, because only P. yezoensis was able to invade an area pre-empted by algae. Grazing did not affect this species replacement. After mid May, the two dominant species, P. yezoensis and B. atropurpurea, decreased. Their decline was mainly caused by desiccation stress and was partially affected by grazing.
  • M Hori, T Noda ECOLOGY 82 (11) 3251 -3256 2001年11月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Indirect interactions among species may be important for understanding community dynamics because species generally interact with more species indirectly than directly. Although various kinds of indirect effects have been documented, estimates of indirect effects are based on estimates of the direct interactions occurring on a short time scale. In the present study, we report that predicted indirect effects may not represent the actual indirect effects in a rocky intertidal habitat. Gulls feed on green foliose algae during winter, and these foliose algae inhibit crows from foraging on chitons. This is because algal mats cover the chitons during spring. By connecting these direct interactions, gulls are expected to indirectly increase crow foraging. However, gulls indirectly decreased crows foraging because gull feeding increased the number of foliose algal mats during spring. This result indicates that the consequence of a direct effect may occasionally change temporally from negative to positive before an indirect effect appears. Therefore, indirect effects should not be estimated merely by connecting direct effects on a short-term basis.
  • 野田隆史 群集生態学の現在 187 -207 2001年
  • Relationshipa between Otolith Weight and Fish Swimming speed.
    Journal of the Fisheries Society of Taiwan 28,203-207. 2001年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • M Hori, T Noda JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY 70 (1) 122 -137 2001年01月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    1. While birds are top predators in most rocky intertidal communities, the relationship between foraging pattern and variability in food web structure has not been studied. This study examined the spatio-temporal variation of both avian foraging and food web structure at an intertidal rocky shore in northern Japan over a 1-year period. 2. Seventeen bird species foraged on the intertidal rocky shore. Crows and gulls were dominant, and their major prey was sea urchins that migrated from the sub-tidal to intertidal habitat. Interspecific interactions (i.e. stealing of food, utilization of food waste by other species) occurred between crows and gulls especially when feeding on sea urchins. The prey of the birds showed spatial and temporal partitioning. 3. The number of prey items consumed per day by the dominant birds varied with various factors. Factors strongly affecting the foraging pattern of crows were waves, tides, humans and gulls, and those strongly affecting the foraging pattern of gulls were tides, humans, sea urchins and crows. 4, In the rocky intertidal food web, most of the top predators were birds, and most of the birds were omnivores. The birds consumed many more species than did other consumers. Food-resource partitioning caused spatio-temporal compartmentation among subwebs in which the top predators were dominant birds. 5. Analysis of food web statistics (i.e. web size, numbers of links, linkage density, chain lengths) revealed that the presence/absence of birds did not change the relationships between web size and the other statistics. The food web statistics depended on web size, and the web size was positively related with time spent emersed and temperature when birds were both present and not present. 6. Birds often foraged across habitat boundaries, and the main food resource of top predators was the prey species from the subtidal habitat. Therefore, the spatial scale of the Hiura rocky intertidal food web temporally varied with birds foraging across habitat boundaries.
  • T Noda, K Fukushima, T Mori, SH Ban JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM 80 (3) 545 -546 2000年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    To examine the effects of submergence time, free-space availability and larval supply on height-related differences in settlement density of Semibalanus cariosus, we monitored the daily settlement density in plots where all benthos were removed daily and in natural-community plots, which were left undisturbed, at two sites with different tidal heights: the centre and the upper limit of S. cariosus zone, during one settlement season. Settlement density was higher at the low-tidal site, where settler mortality was low, than at the mid-tidal site, where settler mortality was high. The between-site differences in settlement was determined by larval preference for height and not immersion time. The settlement preference for height was masked on days with high larval supply since suitable settlement sites in lower height were saturated by settlers.
  • CHIBA S J Mar Biol Assoc UK 80 617 -622 2000年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Y Miyamoto, T Noda, S Nakao JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM 79 (4) 621 -628 1999年08月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Two barnacle species (Semibalanus cariosus and Chthamalus challengeri) were studied during two years at Hokkaido, northern Japan, to find the interspecies boundary and to determine whether interspecific competition (interference and pre-emption) is important in maintaining the zonation in our study system. Both barnacle species showed tide level dependent distribution patterns in the boundary zone. Semibalanus cariosus was dominant at lower levels. this pattern was determined by post-recruitment mortality. This mortality pattern seemed to be set by physical stress because recruitment density and survival rate were not correlated with the cover of other species, and mortality was higher in higher zones where physical stress is more severe. Chthamalus challengeri was dominant at higher levels; this pattern was determined by recruitment. The recruitment density and survival rate of this species were not affected by the covers of other species, thus, neither interference nor pre-emption significantly affected the distribution pattern. Interspecific competition appears to be less important in organizing barnacle communities in our study area than in previously studied areas, however, the recruitment process is of major importance.
  • T Noda ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 14 (2) 193 -203 1999年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Variability of predation intensity is an important: cause of spatial differences of community structure and organization in the intertidal rocky shore. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the within- and between-patch variability of the effects of different: types of predators (small invertebrates and birds) on Mytilus trossulus Could, which occupies an intermediate position in the competitive hierarchy among sessile organisms in disturbance patches within a California mussel (Mytilus californianus Conrad) bed community on the central Oregon Coast. Predation by birds did not significantly affect the mortality of M, trossulus. On the contrary, predation by small invertebrate whelks (Nucella spp.) had a significant effect on M. trossulus mortality. Predation by whelks also caused between- and within-patch variability of mortality of M. trossulus. Within patches, M. trossulus mortality at patch margins was significantly higher than at patch centers only when invertebrate predators were present. Wave exposure did not cause between-patch variability of predation intensity. Between-and within-patch variability of predation intensity may be caused by the variability of supply of whelks from the surrounding mussel mat. The movement of predators between patches and surrounding matrices may play an important role in the patch dynamics of these communities.
  • T Noda, K Fukushima, T Mori MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES 169 289 -293 1998年 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Settlement abundances of barnacles are determined by larval supply and the ratio of settlement to larval supply (K). This ratio can be divided into 2 functions: the ratio of settlement on bare space to larval supply (k(1)), and the loss of cyprids due to the preempting of rock space by sessile organisms (k(2)). To examine the 3 functions of settlement (i.e. larval supply, k(1) and k(2)) of the barnacle Semibalanus cariosus, we monitored the daily water column larval supply and the daily settlement density in plots where all benthos were removed and in natural-community plots, which were left undisturbed, during one settling season. In both low- and mid-tidal sites, k(1) explained > 75 % of day-to-day variability in K, k(1) and k(2) were density dependent, while daily settlement densities were Linearly related to larval supply, k(1) varied with tidal height and daily larval supply, but not with other physical variables. k(2) varied with daily settlement densities in community-removal plots and was not related to any physical or biological variable. Such density dependence in k(1) and k(2) may have been caused by 3 processes: (1) inhibition of larval settlement by planktonic larvae, (2) enhancement of settlement by conspecifics (and their chemical attractants) on days with relatively low larval density, and/or (3) preemption of suitable settlement substrata by settlers that attached on days with relatively high larval density.
  • Takashi Noda Journal of Sea Research 37 (1-2) 145 -152 1997年05月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    Year-to-year changes in age structure, biomass (B), annual secondary production (P) and P/B̄ ratio) are described of a population of the subtidal snail Umbonium costatum in Hakodate Bay, northern Japan, during a 6-y period (1982-1988). Population structure and values of biomass and production were highly variable from year to year the ranges of the annual mean biomass, annual production and P/B̄ ratio were 3.71-9.22 g dry tissue m-2 1.01-4.92 g dry tissue m-2 y-1 and 0.13-1.33 y-1, respectively. Change in the age structure was the most important single factor affecting temporal changes in annual production in this population. The annual production of the population was high when young individuals, which have a small body size and high growth rate, dominated the population. While annual P/B̄ ratios in 1983 and 1984 fell within the range of values reported for various other gastropods, those in 1985, 1986, 1987 and 1988 were markedly lower, if the relation between the population P/B̄ ratio and life span is taken into account. This demonstrates that production estimates from annual biomass and life-span values may lead to incorrect results in a recruitment-limited population.
  • K Inoue, S Odo, T Noda, S Nakao, S Takeyama, E Yamaha, F Yamazaki, S Harayama MARINE BIOLOGY 128 (1) 91 -95 1997年04月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The adhesive protein allele of mussels collected at 13 points in Japan from Hokkaido to Kyushu was analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction using a set of primers which amplifies a part of the nonrepetitive region of the adhesive protein gene. While most mussels exhibited a 126 bp fragment, characteristic of the pure Mytilus galloprovincialis, 55 of 64 mussels sampled at Hiura and 1 of 14 mussels at Hakodate Port exhibited 168 and 126 bp fragments. Sequence analysis of the two fragments indicated that the 168 and 126 bp fragments are almost identical to previously reported sequences in M. trossulus and M. galloprovincialis, respectively. Since the frequency of heterozygous individuals in Hiura is very high, it is unlikely that they are simple hybrids. However, it is evident that mixing of genes occurred between the two species off Hokkaido.
  • Benthos Research 52 (2) 123 -131 1997年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • T Noda, S Nakao HYDROBIOLOGIA 324 (2) 125 -130 1996年05月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The potential causes of the variable nature of recruitment of marine organisms can be inferred from the scales over which they vary. Sampling for recruits of Semibalanus cariosus on the intertidal concrete tetrapods at 21 fishing ports along the Kameda Peninsula, southern Hokkaido, Japan, was conducted at the end of the recruitment season in 1994 at three spatial scales: at each fishing port, separated by several km; at two sites at each fishing port, separated by several hundred m; and on three blocks at each site, separated by 1-2 m. At all spatial scales, recruitment intensity was independent of adult densities. Recruitment densities significantly varied within all spatial-scales, however, 85.6% of the total variances was estimated to be due to variation among ports. Such km-scale variation of recruitment intensities coincided with the hydrographic pattern of the direction of coastal current.
  • T Noda, S Nakao JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY 65 (2) 196 -204 1996年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    1. The dynamics of a population of the subtidal snail Umbonium costatum (Kiener), unaffected by larval dispersal from other populations, was studied in Hakodate Bay. northern Japan, during 1982-88 and 1992. 2. During the study periods, the recruitment densities of U. costatum were: highly variable from year to year (85-fold, minimum to maximum). In contrast, adult (i.e. age 1 + year) densities were not highly variable from year to year (3.2-fold, minimum to maximum), since the adult population is composed of many cohorts, with various densities resulting from fluctuating levels of recruitment, 3. During the study period, the age structure of the U. costatum population was always dominated by a few year-classes, a result of sporadic, high recruitment success occurring once every few years. 4. During the study period, density-dependent mortality and growth were not detected in this population. 5. Assuming that only the annual recruitment rate was subject to environmental variability, while other demographic traits (i.e, age-specific survival rates and fecundities) were constant, we made eight independent Leslie matrices and simulated the long-term population dynamics of Li costatum by combining the eight matrices. The results show that the persistence of the U. costatum population in Hakodate Bay is secured by sporadic recruitment occurring once every few years. 6. To our knowledge, this study is the first documentation of recruitment limitation in an entire population from the marine benthos.
  • S Goshima, N Ide, Y Fujiyoshi, T Noda, S Nakao NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 62 (2) 195 -200 1996年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The reproductive cycle and shell growth of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, transplanted from Lake Akkeshi to Saroma Lagoon, Hokkaido, northern Japan, were studied from April 1991 to August 1992. Histological examination revealed that the spawning season is from July to September, with a peak in August. The shell lengths at first maturity were 25 mm (2 years) and 27 mm (2 or 3 years) for males and females, respectively. Disturbance rings on the shells formed upon transplantation were used to estimate growth, which mainly occurred in May and June. Growth is described by the von Bertalanffy growth equation for both sexes L(t) = 49.71 (1-exp (-0.416 t)), where L(t) is the shell length (mm) at age t (year). The clams in the lagoon had a shorter spawning and growing season, were larger and older at first maturity, and had a more moderate shell length growth rate than clams from southern Japan. Finally, some reproductive and growth-related responses to various habitats were discussed.
  • T NODA, S NAKAO MARINE BIOLOGY 123 (4) 815 -820 1995年10月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The spatio-temporal population dynamics of the subtidal snail Umbonium costatum (Kiener) in Hakodate Bay, northern Japan, are described over a 9-yr period (1982 to 1988, 1992). Annual variations in recruitment success not only caused the highly variable age structure of the population, but also affected its distribution pattern. In heavy recruitment years (1982, 1984 and 1988), location of the densest population differed from the other years, and the areas with 0 yr old individuals were larger. Every year, the distribution of 0 yr olds was mostly restricted to inshore (within 320 m from shore), while the distribution of adults (> 0 yr) was mostly restricted to offshore (> 320 m from shore). Such patterns may be generated by ontogenetic migration of cohorts to offshore areas. Ontogenetic migration also could have buffered the large annual variation in spat distribution and maintained the small variation in the distribution of adults.
  • T NODA, S NAKAO, S GOSHIMA MARINE BIOLOGY 122 (1) 73 -78 1995年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
     
    The life history and reproductive biology of the trochid sand snail Umbonium costatum (Kiener) were investigated on a subtidal sandy shore in Hakodate Bay, Japan between 1988 and 1991. Female U. costatum mature at 1 yr of age (shell diameter = 11 mm), reproduce twice (in June-July and September-October) in successive years, grow to a maximum size (shell diameter = 22 mm) at age 8 yr, increase annual fecundity with age from 2000 (age 1 yr) to 37000 (age 8 yr), and show a maximum monthly gonad somatic index of 8% which is constant among ages, In comparison to a previously studied life history of a tropical Umbonium vestiatium, temperate U. costatum shows more sustained growth and a longer life span after maturation. This could be explained by: (1) the optimal size model concerned with resource investment in gametes (Sebens 1987); and by (2) bet hedging to compensate large variability in larval success at high latitudes. These two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, but both are based on season-related extremes of environment at high latitudes where the period suitable for reproduction is short.
  • VENUS 54 (1) 49-56. 1995年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Shell Growth of the North Pacific Cockle Clinocardium Californiense in Hakodate Bay, Hokkaido
    Benthos Research 42:39-48. 1992年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Population Ecology 46:105-107 [査読無し][通常論文]

受賞

  • 2011年03月 日本生態学会 大島賞
     
    受賞者: 野田 隆史

共同研究・競争的資金等の研究課題

  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B)
    研究期間 : 2023年04月 -2028年03月 
    代表者 : 野田 隆史
  • 文部科学省：科学研究費助成金（基盤研究Ｂ）
    研究期間 : 2018年04月 -2023年03月 
    代表者 : 野田 隆史
  • 文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(C))
    研究期間 : 2015年 -2017年 
    代表者 : 野田 隆史
  • 文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(C))
    研究期間 : 2012年 -2015年 
    代表者 : 野田 隆史
     
    【研究目的】地震直前の9年間に群集動態、遷移過程および各種の加入量が継続調査された複数の岩礁海岸において、地震後に同一地点で同一の調査を行う。得られた地震前後のデータとあわせて解析することで、①地震による岩礁潮間帯生物群集の変化とその後の回復過程、②地震による加入過程の変化、③地震後の小規模撹乱後からの回復過程の変化を明らかにする。【24年度の研究内容と成果】調査は三陸沿岸の大槌湾、山田湾、船越湾に存在する５海岸のほぼ垂直な25岩礁に３種類の調査区（対照区と加入区と遷移区）を作成して行った。5月には、対照区において移動性の底生動物の種別の個体数、固着生物の種別の被度及び存否を測定した。また、調査区全体を写真撮影し、撹乱パッチの形成の確認を行った。また、加入区（人工裸地）を作成した。７月には、対照区と加入区における生物調査、全加入区内での写真によるフジツボ等の加入量調査と加入区の再裸地化、遷移区（人工裸地）の作成を行った。11月には、対照区、遷移区、加入区における生物調査と加入区の初期化を行った。得られた対照区のデータを地震前の対照区のデータを用い、地震による各種の個体群サイズの変化について効果量を求めて比較した。その結果、地震前後の個体群サイズの変化の仕方は種によって著しく異なり、激減した種もいる一方で激増した種も確認された。このような種による反応の差異は、種間の生態的特性（成体の移動能力の有無と遷移ニッチ）の違いによってある程度説明可能であることがわかった。また、先行研究のある地殻が隆起した場合のダメージと比較すると今回の地震の沈降によって岩礁潮間帯生物群集の被ったダメージは小さいことも判明した。
  • 文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(B))
    研究期間 : 2009年 -2011年 
    代表者 : 南川 雅男, 野田 隆史
     
    石狩川水系、環境変化のおこっている海岸域として三陸域の潮間帯、富山県のダム湖を取り上げ、観測と試料採取、および一部の分析を行った。本流と支流(当別川、夕張川、豊平川)、および茨戸湖などの三日月湖において、窒素の動態を観測をもとに解明し、富栄養化の影響が下流の生物系に及ぼす影響を解析した。昨年より石狩川での観測調査を継続した。三陸海岸の潮間帯では、試料採取と生態系の構造解析のために生態調査を実施した。石狩の試料については炭素窒素同位体と、インキュベーションによる脱窒活性の実験を毎月行った。これまで得られた結果は以下の通りであるが、学会で報告するとともに、論文を投稿し、一部は印刷中となっている。(1)底泥の脱窒機能が最も高いのは、三日月湖であり、硝酸濃度が高い季節(冬期)ほど潜在的な活性が高い。(2)河川水の脱窒能は硝酸を添加して培養してもそれほど高い脱窒機能を示さず、河川水自体は基質の有機物の制限により、底泥よりも低いことがわかった。(3)石狩川の河川水中の懸濁粒子は、そのd15NとC/N比には逆相関があり、粒子の窒素同位体組成は水性微生物によって重く、陸生植物の破砕物によって軽くなる傾向を示した。(4)潮間帯の生物群について胃内容物から食物連鎖の構造を明らかにした。富栄養化の程度が異なる富山県下の湖沼、ダム湖10か所で底泥、懸濁粒子、生物試料を定期的に採集し、窒素同位体、胃内...
  • 文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(C))
    研究期間 : 2008年 -2011年 
    代表者 : 野田 隆史, 高田 壮則
     
    共存機構と群集動態との関係を明らかにすることは群集生態学の中心課題のひとつである。本申請研究では、多種共存に必須な安定化メカニズムと等質化メカニズムの相対的重要性を野外群集で評価するための新しい方法を開発する。
  • 文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(A))
    研究期間 : 2006年 -2008年 
    代表者 : 仲岡 雅裕, 近藤 昭彦, 灘岡 和夫, 野田 隆史, 梶田 忠, 田中 法生, 野田 隆史, 灘岡 和夫, 近藤 昭彦, 熊谷 直喜, 島袋 寛盛
     
    沿岸生態系の諸機能(生産性、安定性、物質循環など)に多大な影響を与える海草やマングローブなどの優占種(景観形成種)を対象に、生態学、分子生物学、海洋工学、地理情報学の各分野の最先端の理論・方法論・技術を統合的に利用することにより、メタ個体群の広域変動様式および変動機構の一般性、特異性を解明し、主要個体群の生物学的情報、生活史・分散特性に応じた保全指針の作成を行った。
  • Study on Metapopulation dynamics of Tigriopus japonicus
    研究期間 : 2001年 -2008年
  • Study on rocky intertidal communities
    研究期間 : 1994年 -2006年
  • Study on Population Dynamics of Barnacles
    研究期間 : 1994年 -2006年
  • 文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(B))
    研究期間 : 2002年 -2005年 
    代表者 : 仲岡 雅裕, 山本 智子, 野田 隆史
     
    本研究は、岩礁潮間帯群集を対象に、パッチ群集スケールから地域群集スケールまでを階層的に組み合わせた定量調査・実験を行うことにより、群集の多様性や安定性、およびその決定機構に対する空間スケールの効果を検討することを目的とする。この目的を達成するため、北海道東部から鹿児島県に至る太平洋沿岸の岩礁潮間帯に150調査点を空間の階層性を考慮して設置し、海藻、固着性動物、移動性動物の野外定量調査を行うと共に、環境観測、生物遷移実験、ベントス幼生の加入量の測定を4年間継続した。主な成果は下記のとおりである。1:空間スケールの変化に伴う種多様性の階層的変異性の違いを明らかにすることを目的とした解析を行った。その結果、種多様性については、地域スケールで明瞭な緯度勾配が見られ、空間スケールの拡大に伴ってγ多様性に対するα多様性の貢献度が相対的に小さくなることが判明した。2:岩礁潮間帯群集の類似度が異なる空間スケールでどのように変異するか明らかにするために、空間階層サンプリングデザインを用いた調査方法により解析した。その結果、各地域の群集構造は南の2地域を除き有意な違いがあること、また類似度は地理的距離と負の相関があるものの、生物のグループにより距離の効果が異なることが判明した。3:海藻類を対象にRabinowitzによる希少性分類を適用し、各カテゴリー間で含まれる種の生物学的特徴の違いと、海岸ご...
  • 文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(C))
    研究期間 : 2001年 -2002年 
    代表者 : 野田 隆史
     
    食物網動態は、その成立する環境の生産性要因と環境ストレスの双方によって制御されていると考えられるが、従来の理論および実証研究では、両要因のどちらかだけが食物網制御機構に及ぼす影響が扱われてきた。そこで、岩礁潮間帯生物群集をモデル系に選び、「生産性要因」と「環境ストレス要因」を同時に実験操作することで、無機環境要因が食物網構造制御機構に及ぼす複合的影響を明らかにした。実験は、」北海道の岩礁潮間帯に成立する海藻(葉状海藻と糸状海藻)-カサガイ(大型植食者)優占群集を対象に、生産性要因(栄養塩レベル)と環境ストレス(乾燥度)を同時に操作することで行った。その結果、乾燥ストレスと栄養塩レベルは、海藻-カサガイ優占群集に対し、相互が独立して影響を及ぼしていたことが判明した。また、両要因は、海藻と小型植食者であるヨコエビを減少させるカサガイの植食の効果には影響をおよぼさなかった。乾燥ストレスは、一部の海藻榛状海藻)を減少させることを通し、間接的に糸状海藻を増加させ、また餌と住み家を減少させることで間接的にヨコエビを減少させた。栄養塩レベルの上昇は、海藻類を増加させ、その結果ヨコエビを増加させていた。これらの結果は、生産性要因(栄養塩レベル)と環境ストレス(乾燥度)の変化は、植食圧(トップダウン効果)に直接的に影響するのではなく、一次生産者(海藻)を変化させることをとおし(ボトムアップ効果...
  • 文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(奨励研究(A))
    研究期間 : 1999年 -2000年 
    代表者 : 野田 隆史
     
    栄養塩レベルの違いが群集内の種の共存や種間関係に及ぼす影響は、古くから生態学者の興味を引いてきたが、これまでの研究の多くは平衡群集における栄養塩レベルの影響に注目したものである。植物が固着性である生息場所では、植物群落は非同調的に生じる撹乱とその後の住み着きと絶滅(パッチダイナミクス)によってその多様性が維持される非平衡な系であることが多い。このような系で、栄養塩レベルが植物同士の共存機構や食物網関係にどのように影響を及ぼすかは良く判ってはいない。北海道南部の岩礁潮間帯中部では、二枚貝のムラサキインコガイが高密度に生息している。ここで競争的優占種であるムラサキインコガイが波により剥がされてできた撹乱パッチ(空き地)には様々な海藻と、これを餌とするグレーザー(マクログレーザーのカサガイとメソグレーザー)が生息している。本研究ではパッチ内に成立するこの群集における栄養塩レベルの影響を明らかにするため、栄養塩供給量とカサガイの密度を実験的に操作し、群集構造の変化を一年間追跡し、得られた結果から、栄養塩レベルが、種間相互作用(グレージングと競争)と、種の住み着きと絶滅率を通して群集構造の時空間変異に及ぼす影響を解析した。その結果、栄養塩添加により、海藻の増殖速度は早くなり海藻間の競争が強くなった。またカサガイが増加し海藻へのトップダウン効果とメソグレーザーに対する排除が強くなった。ま...
  • Study on Population Dynamics and Life History of the Sand Snail, Umbonium costatum
    研究期間 : 1987年 -1999年
  • 文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(奨励研究(A))
    研究期間 : 1997年 -1998年 
    代表者 : 野田 隆史
     
    【研究目的】岩礁潮間帯では地形構造決定を通して地質が生物群集構造と多種共存機構に及ぼす影響を調べた研究はない。そこで北海道南部で火山岩と火山砕犀岩からなる岩礁海岸のムラサキインコガイ帯で、地質の違いに対応して地形構造と群集構造は異なるか、地質の違いが群集形成作用にどのように影響するか、地質の異なる岩礁海岸で固着生物群集の多種共存メカニズムはどのように異なるか、を明かにすることを目的とした。【平成9年単年度の実績】火山岩と火山砕屑岩からなる11の海岸で地形の複雑さとムラサキインコガイ群集構造を調査した。また各海岸にムラサキインコガイを剥いだ人工パッチを5個つくり、パッチ内の初期遷移と海水成分(栄養塩・chl a)の反復観測を開始した。その結果、火山岩海岸は火山砕犀岩海岸に比べ、1-10cm、1-10m空間スケールでの地形の複雑さが大きく、ムラサキインコガイは少なく、ムラサキインコガイを餌とする肉食性巻貝は多く、また種多様性種数は高いことが明らかになった。このことは火山岩海岸では肉食性巻貝が競争的優位種ムラサキインコガイの競争的排除を抑えることにより多様性が高くなっている可能性を示唆する(key stone predation仮説)。【平成10年度の研究実績】key stone predation仮説を検証するため、4つの火山岩海岸と火山砕犀岩海岸で、肉食性巻貝の密度操作実験を行...
  • Multi-scale Pattern of Rocky Intertidal Community and Its Determinants.

教育活動情報

主要な担当授業

  • 大学院共通授業科目（一般科目）：自然科学・応用科学
    開講年度 : 2021年
    課程区分 : 修士課程
    開講学部 : 大学院共通科目
    キーワード : 生態学、北方生態系、北海道、植物、動物、昆虫、魚類、森林、山岳、ツンドラ、沿岸、河川、湿原、相互作用、外来種、野生作物、気候変動 ecology, northern ecosystem, Hokkaido, plants, animals, insects, fishes, forest, mountain, tundra, seacoast, river, wetland, interaction, invasive species, field crop, climate change
  • 北方生態系の生物多様性基礎論
    開講年度 : 2021年
    課程区分 : 修士課程
    開講学部 : 環境科学院
    キーワード : 生態学、北方生態系、北海道、植物、動物、昆虫、魚類、森林、山岳、ツンドラ、沿岸、河川、湿原、相互作用、外来種、野生作物、気候変動 ecology, northern ecosystem, Hokkaido, plants, animals, insects, fishes, forest, mountain, tundra, seacoast, river, wetland, interaction, invasive species, field crop, climate change
  • 動物生態学特論Ⅰ
    開講年度 : 2021年
    課程区分 : 修士課程
    開講学部 : 環境科学院
    キーワード : 動物、個体群、群集、?動、保全、進化、遺伝 Animal, population, community, behavior, conservation, evolution, genetics
  • 生態学基礎論
    開講年度 : 2021年
    課程区分 : 修士課程
    開講学部 : 環境科学院
    キーワード : 生物進化、種分化、生物多様性、環境適応、絶滅 evolution, speciation, bio-diversity, adaptation, extinction
  • 動物生態学特論Ⅱ
    開講年度 : 2021年
    課程区分 : 修士課程
    開講学部 : 環境科学院
    キーワード : 動物、個体群、群集、行動、保全、進化、種間相互作用 Animal, population, community, behavior, conservation, evolution, species interaction
  • 多様性生物学概論
    開講年度 : 2021年
    課程区分 : 修士課程
    開講学部 : 理学院
    キーワード : 生物進化、種分化、生物多様性、環境適応、絶滅
  • 生物学Ⅱ
    開講年度 : 2021年
    課程区分 : 学士課程
    開講学部 : 全学教育
    キーワード : 生物の多様性，系統，進化，生物の形態，生命活動の多様性

大学運営

委員歴

  • 2017年01月 - 2020年12月   個体群生態学会   Editor-in-Chief (Population Ecology)
  • 2010年 - 2016年12月   個体群生態学会   Associate Editor (Population ecology)
  • 2010年 - 2015年   日本生態学会   Associate-Editor-in-Chief (Ecological Research)
  • 2003年 - 2005年   個体群生態学会   英文誌編集委員   個体群生態学会
  • 2003年 - 2005年   日本生態学会   英文誌編集委員   日本生態学会

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