研究者データベース

研究者情報

マスター

アカウント(マスター)

  • 氏名

    上田 宏一郎(ウエダ コウイチロウ), ウエダ コウイチロウ

所属(マスター)

  • 農学研究院 基盤研究部門 畜産科学分野

所属(マスター)

  • 農学研究院 基盤研究部門 畜産科学分野

独自項目

syllabus

  • 2021, 家畜生態学特論, Advanced Livestock Ecology, 修士課程, 農学院, 家畜品種、生産システム、放牧、草地
  • 2021, 環境と人間, Environment and People, 学士課程, 全学教育, 食のバリューチェーン、Society 5.0、エネルギー、異分野融合、持続可能性、フィールド、ロバストネス(強靱性)
  • 2021, 畜牧体系学, Animal Production System, 学士課程, 農学部, 家畜生産、システム、草地
  • 2021, 畜牧体系学実験, Laboratory Work on Animal Production System, 学士課程, 農学部, 飼料、システム、乳牛
  • 2021, 牧場実習, Livestock-Farm Practice, 学士課程, 農学部, 草地、飼養管理、肉牛、馬
  • 2021, 畜産科学概論, Introduction of Animal Science, 学士課程, 農学部, 畜産科学、細胞組織生物学、応用食品科学、遺伝繁殖学、動物機能学、畜牧体系学
  • 2021, 一般教育演習(フレッシュマンセミナー), Freshman Seminar, 学士課程, 全学教育, 生態系、家畜、畜産物、衣食住、文化

researchmap

プロフィール情報

学位

  • 修士(農学)
  • 博士(農学)

プロフィール情報

  • 上田, ウエダ
  • 宏一郎, コウイチロウ
  • ID各種

    200901083689055312

対象リソース

業績リスト

研究キーワード

  • 栄養生態学   家畜生産システム   肉牛   ヒツジ   放牧   消化   飼料摂取量   ウマ   乳牛   

研究分野

  • ライフサイエンス / 動物生命科学 / 畜産学
  • ライフサイエンス / 動物生理化学、生理学、行動学 / 畜産学

経歴

  • 2016年04月 - 現在 北海道大学 大学院農学研究院畜牧体系学研究室 教授
  • 2011年11月 - 2016年03月 北海道大学 大学院農学研究院畜牧体系学研究室 准教授
  • 2008年04月 - 2011年10月 北海道大学 大学院農学研究院家畜栄養学研究室 准教授
  • 2006年04月 - 2008年03月 北海道大学 大学院農学研究院家畜栄養学研究室 助教授
  • 2004年08月 - 2006年03月 北海道大学 大学院農学研究科家畜栄養学研究室 助教授
  • 1999年04月 - 2004年07月 北海道大学 大学院農学研究科畜牧体系学研究室 助手
  • 1998年01月 - 1999年03月 北海道大学 農学部畜産科学科畜牧体系学研究室 助手
  • 1996年09月 - 1997年12月 農林水産省畜産試験場 栄養部反芻家畜代謝研究室 (社)新技術協会 科学技術特別研究
  • 1996年04月 - 1996年08月 農林水産省畜産試験場 栄養部栄養第1研究室 非常勤職員

学歴

  • 1993年04月 - 1996年03月   北海道大学   農学研究科   畜産学専攻博士後期課程
  • 1991年04月 - 1993年03月   北海道大学   大学院農学研究科   畜産学専攻修士課程
  • 1988年10月 - 1991年03月   北海道大学   農学部   畜産学科
  • 1987年04月 - 1988年09月   北海道大学   教養部 理Ⅲ系
  • 1984年04月 - 1987年03月   私立大阪明星高等学校

委員歴

  • 2018年04月 - 現在   国立研究開発法人 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構   家畜飼養標準等検討委員会委員
  • 2017年04月 - 現在   日本畜産学会   学会報編集委員
  • 2017年04月 - 現在   日本中央競馬会   競走馬総合研究所外部評価委員会
  • 2015年04月 - 現在   日本綿羊研究会   幹事
  • 2013年04月 - 現在   日本草地学会   評議員
  • 2023年04月 - 2026年03月   北海道畜産草地学会   会長
  • 2021年04月 - 2023年03月   北海道畜産草地学会   評議員
  • 2012年04月 - 2014年03月   北海道畜産草地学会   庶務幹事
  • 2010年04月 - 2012年12月   北海道家畜管理研究会   庶務幹事
  • 2010年04月 - 2012年12月   北海道草地研究会   編集幹事
  • 2005年04月 - 2007年03月   北海道畜産学会   庶務幹事
  • 2000年04月 - 2001年03月   北海道草地研究会   会計幹事

受賞

  • 2001年03月 日本畜産学会 日本畜産学会奨励賞
     
    受賞者: 上田 宏一郎

論文

  • Blood composition before the clinical diagnosis of digestive and respiratory disease in pre-weaning dairy calves
    Yuko SHINGU, Koichiro UEDA, Yoshitaka MATSUI, Takuji WAKATSUKI, Akira DOKOSHI
    60 1 19 - 25 2024年 [査読有り]
  • Shigeru Morita, Yuko Shingu, Akira Dokoshi, Koichiro Ueda
    Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho 94 1 e13863  2023年 [査読有り]
     
    Respiratory disease in calves is one of the most prominent diseases affecting their growth. The early and accurate detection of calf disease on the farm brings proper growth of calves. The objective of this study was to compare the daily and hourly behavioral time of diseased calves with the other calves in same pen (pen-mates) for 7 days prior to the diagnosis day. The calves (from 14 to 20 heads) were reared in a group. Day 0 was defined as the day of diagnosis. The number of diseased calves was 30 in the present experiment. The lying and eating behavior of calves were observed at 10-min intervals. The diseased calves have significantly (P < 0.01) shorter eating times than the pen-mates on the diagnosis day. The longest hourly time of the eating was in the period between 08:00 and 09:00, and shortest lying time was in the period between 09:00 and 10:00. Diseased calves had significantly (P < 0.05) longer daily lying time and shorter daily eating time than the pen-mates almost for the 7 days prior to the diagnosis day. Even though the daily behavioral time was different, the difference of behavioral time in successive hour periods was limited.
  • Yuko Shingu, Akira Dokoshi, Koichiro Ueda
    Animal Science Journal 94 1 2023年01月 [査読有り]
  • Koichiro Ueda, Takakyuki Ishii, Yukako Nakai, Kunio Odaka
    Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho 94 1 e13830  2023年 [査読有り]
     
    To assess the usefulness of a commercially available indoor positioning system for monitoring the resting time and moving distance in group-housed dairy calves as indicators of their health status, five dairy calves were housed in a free barn, and their coordinate was recorded. The mean displacement (cm/s) within a minute showed a double-mixture distribution. Actual observations revealed that the minutes in the first distribution with shorter displacement were mostly the time that the calves spent lying. To predict the daily lying time and moving distance, a mixed distribution was divided at a threshold value. The mean sensitivity (the proportion of total minutes predicted correctly as lying, in total minutes observed lying) was more than 92%. The daily fluctuation in lying time correlated well with the actual lying time (r = 0.758, p < 0.01). The range of fluctuations was 740-1308 min/day and 724-1269 m/day for daily lying time and moving distance, respectively. The rectal temperature was correlated with daily lying time (r = 0.441, p < 0.001) and distance moved (r = 0.483, p < 0.001). The indoor positioning system can be a useful tool for early illness detection in calves before the onset of symptoms in group-housing systems.
  • Eri Furukawa, Zhen Chen, Tomoaki Kubo, Yue Wu, Koichiro Ueda, Madalitso Chelenga, Hitoshi Chiba, Yojiro Yanagawa, Seiji Katagiri, Masashi Nagano, Shu-Ping Hui
    Theriogenology 193 20 - 29 2022年11月 [査読有り]
     
    A severe negative energy balance and high circulating free fatty acids (FFA) in postpartum cows impair fertility. The lipotoxicity of FFA has been shown to decrease the quality of bovine oocytes in vitro. Therefore, excess FFA in cells is converted to triacylglycerol (TAG), a non-toxic form, to avoid lipotoxicity. We recently reported that the TAG content in oocytes was higher in postpartum lactating cows subjected to grazing management than in heifers (Theriogenology 176: 174-182, 2021). The present study investigated the compositions of the energy metabolism-related lipids, FFA and TAG, in the plasma and oocytes of cows at different lactation stages under indoor intensive feeding management in order to obtain insights into lipotoxicity in oocytes, particularly those in early postpartum cows. Blood and oocytes were collected from 20 lactating cows categorized into the following lactation groups: 20-30 days in milk (DIM) (n = 5), 40-50 DIM (n = 5), 60-80 DIM (n = 5), and 130-160 DIM (n = 5). Daily energy balance data were obtained for 3 weeks prior to oocyte collection using the ovum pick up (OPU) method. The contents and compositions of FFA and TAG in plasma and oocytes were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. As expected, plasma FFA was high at 20-30 DIM, decreased by 50 DIM, and was maintained at a low level for the remainder of the experimental period. Similar changes were observed in oocyte FFA and TAG with DIM as plasma FFA. Oocyte FFA positively correlated with plasma FFA (P < 0.05), but negatively correlated with the mean energy balance 1 and 21 days before OPU (P < 0.05). Relationships were noted between the composition and content of FFA in plasma and oocytes, with the FFA 16:1/16:0 and 18:1/18:0 ratios positively correlating with the total amount of FFA (P < 0.05). Elevated oocyte FFA in cows in the early postpartum period under intensive feeding management suggested that oocytes were at a high risk of FFA lipotoxicity. Furthermore, the present results implied that the severe negative energy balance in the previous few weeks was closely related to increases in oocyte FFA, which supports the importance of long-term cow feeding management for preserving the quality of oocytes in the early postpartum period. The present results provide insights into the effects of high circulating FFA on the fertility of postpartum cows.
  • Kenta Maegawa, Haruka Koyama, Satoru Fukiya, Atsushi Yokota, Koichiro Ueda, Satoshi Ishizuka
    The British journal of nutrition 127 11 1621 - 1630 2022年06月14日 [査読有り]
     
    Enterohepatic circulation of 12α-hydroxylated (12αOH) bile acid (BA) is enhanced depending on the energy intake in high-fat diet-fed rats. Such BA metabolism can be reproduced using a diet supplemented with cholic acid (CA), which also induces simple steatosis, without inflammation and fibrosis, accompanied by some other symptoms that are frequently observed in the condition of non-alcoholic fatty liver in rats. We investigated whether supplementation of the diet with raffinose (Raf) improves hepatic lipid accumulation induced by the CA-fed condition in rats. After acclimation to the AIN-93-based control diet, male Wistar rats were fed diets supplemented with a combination of Raf (30 g/kg diet) and/or CA (0·5 g/kg diet) for 4 weeks. Dietary Raf normalised hepatic TAG levels (two-way ANOVA P < 0·001 for CA, P = 0·02 for Raf and P = 0·004 for interaction) in the CA-supplemented diet-fed rats. Dietary Raf supplementation reduced hepatic 12αOH BA concentration (two-way ANOVA P < 0·001 for CA, P = 0·003 for Raf and P = 0·03 for interaction). The concentration of 12αOH BA was reduced in the aortic and portal plasma. Raf supplementation increased acetic acid concentration in the caecal contents (two-way ANOVA P = 0·001 as a main effect). Multiple regression analysis revealed that concentrations of aortic 12αOH BA and caecal acetic acid could serve as predictors of hepatic TAG concentration (R2 = 0·55, P < 0·001). However, Raf did not decrease the secondary 12αOH BA concentration in the caecal contents as well as the transaminase activity in the CA diet-fed rats. These results imply that dietary Raf normalises hepatic lipid accumulation via suppression of enterohepatic 12αOH BA circulation.
  • Measurement of frequency of sucking in rubber teat-fed dairy calves using an accelerometer attached on the neck-collar
    Shigeru MORITA, Syunpei OKAZAKI, Hiroyuki KATO, Koichiro UEDA
    58 3 109 - 115 2022年 [査読有り]
  • Kyaw San Win, Koichiro Ueda, Seiji Kondo
    Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho 92 1 e13590  2021年12月 [査読有り]
     
    Six ruminal-cannulated nonlactating Holstein Friesian cows (mean body weight:660 ± 42.9 kg) were used to investigate the effect of soybean meal (SBM) supplementation on voluntary rice straw (RS) intake, feed particle size reduction, and passage kinetics in the rumen. They were allocated to two dietary treatments: RS alone or RS supplemented with SBM. Voluntary dry matter intake of RS and total tract fiber digestibility was increased by SBM supplementation (p < 0.05). Supplementation with SBM decreased rumination time per dietary dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDFom) intake (p < 0.01). Particle size distribution in the rumen and total ruminal NDFom digesta weights were not affected by SBM supplementation. However, the disappearance rates of total digesta and large and small particles from the rumen were increased by SBM supplementation (p < 0.01). Moreover, SBM supplementation increased the rate of size reduction in ruminal particles (p < 0.05). In situ disappearance of DM and NDFom of RS in the rumen was greater in SBM-supplemented cows than in nonsupplemented cows (p < 0.05). This study clearly showed that increased ruminal RS particle size reduction, passage, and fermentation due to SBM supplementation accelerated the RS particle clearance from the rumen and resulted in increased voluntary RS intake of dairy cows.
  • Tomohiro Mitani, Kuniyuki Kobayashi, Koichiro Ueda, Seiji Kondo
    Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho 92 1 e13570  2021年01月 [査読有り]
     
    In this study, we investigated the regional differences in the composition of farm bulk milk produced at three different dairy areas in Hokkaido, Japan. A field survey was conducted at Central, Tokachi, and North areas of Hokkaido, three or four times a year. At each farm, an interview questionnaire for farm basal data was conducted, and 500 ml of bulk tank milk sample was obtained. Fatty acid composition, and vitamin and carotenoid concentrations in the milk samples were determined. In Central and Tokachi areas, corn silage was used as the main forage. In North area, fresh herbage was the dominant feed in the summer season, and grass hay was the main feed in the winter season. Discriminant analysis revealed that the composition of milk samples differed among the areas and seasons. Milk from Central and Tokachi areas contained a higher ratio of linoleic acid compared with that from North area, but there were only slight differences in the composition of milk between Central and Tokachi areas. The concentrations of carotenoids and α-tocopherol were higher in samples from North area and the ratios of trans-vaccenic acid and conjugated linoleic acid were higher in the summer season than in the indoor season.
  • Tomohiro Mitani, Sawako Nakajima, Seongjin Oh, Masahito Kawai, Koichiro Ueda
    Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho 92 1 e13639  2021年 [査読有り]
     
    The present study investigated the effects of adaptation to grazing in early spring on the herbage intake, milk production, and body weight changes in lactating dairy cows. The experiment included 12 Holstein lactating cows during early spring. Six cows were allowed to gradually adapt to grazing (ADP) over 10 days. They were allowed to graze on a pasture for 4 h during the first week and for 19 h during the remaining 3 days (adaptation period). During the 10-day period, the remaining six cows were housed in a barn (CON). Cows in both groups received adequate silage, hay, and concentrate during the adaptation period. Subsequently, cows in both groups were allowed to graze together for 19 h for 4 weeks (experimental period). No cow received supplements during the experimental period. In the first week of the experimental period, the ADP cows showed a higher herbage intake than the CON cows. During the subsequent weeks, there were no differences in herbage intake between the two groups. At the start of the experimental period, milk production and body weight of the ADP cows were higher than those of the CON cows, and this difference lasted until the end of the experiment.
  • Tomohiro Mitani, Tomoyo Kubota, Hitoshi Mizuguchi, Shiro Kushibiki, Koichiro Ueda
    Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho 91 1 e13481  2020年01月 [査読有り]
     
    This study investigated the effect of adaptation to grazing in early spring on herbage intake, ruminal fermentation parameters, blood metabolite concentrations, and body weight change in dairy cows. The experiment was conducted on eight rumen-cannulated non-lactating cows in the early spring period. Four cows were adapted to grazing by stocking for 4 hr for 1 week (ADP group). The other cows were kept in a barn during the period (CON group). Then, both groups of cows were stocked together throughout a day on a 1 ha pasture for 3 weeks (experimental period). In the first week of the experimental period, compared to the CON group, the ADP group had a higher herbage intake, ruminal NH3 -N and total VFA concentration, and blood urea concentration, but the NEFA concentration was lower in the ADP group (p < .01). During the subsequent weeks, there were little differences in ruminal fermentation parameters and blood metabolites. Cows in the ADP group maintained their body weight, but cows in the CON group lost 60 kg of body weight in the first week of the experimental period.
  • Furukawa E, Masaki T, Sakaguchi K, Bo M, Yanagawa Y, Ueda K, Nagano M
    Journal of Ovarian Research 13 1 7 - 7 2020年01月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    BACKGROUND: The timing of the first postpartum ovulation is an important factor affecting the timing of estrous resumption in dairy cows. The first postpartum ovulation is delayed in cows producing large amounts of milk with an intensive negative energy balance. The antral follicle count (AFC) and serum anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations are known to be indicators of the ovarian reserve, which is the number and quality of follicles left in a pair of ovaries and known as an indicator of female fertility. Cows with higher AFC have been proven to show higher pregnancy rate and shorter calving to conception intervals; however, the relationship between the timing of the first postpartum ovulation and ovarian reserve remains unclear. Therefore, this study examined the relationships between postpartum follicular dynamics, the ovarian cycle, nutritional status, and ovarian reserve. METHODS: Transrectal ultrasonography was conducted from calving to 70-120 days in milk (DIM) in 26 cows to monitor AFC, follicular dynamics and the ovarian cycle. Body weight (BW) and milk yield were used as indicators of nutritional status. RESULTS: The first postpartum ovulation was significantly later in cows with low AFC (< 25) than in those with high AFC (≥25), while changes in BW from calving to the nadir and milk production were similar in both groups. The present results also suggested that cows with low AFC and a delayed first postpartum ovulation had a shorter first ovarian cycle after the first postpartum ovulation. The mean DIM of the first postpartum artificial insemination (AI) and days open (days from calving to AI with which pregnancy was achieved) were similar in high and low AFC groups. CONCLUSIONS: The first postpartum ovulation was significantly earlier in cows with high AFC than in those with low AFC. The assumed reason for this result was higher sensitivity to luteinizing hormone and larger androstenedione and estradiol production in follicles in high AFC cows. Therefore, cows with high AFC may be more fertile than those with low AFC while their milk production increase and BW decrease; it means they are in negative energy balance. (340/350 words).
  • Yuko Shingu, Koichiro Ueda, Shingo Tada, Tomohiro Mitani, Seiji Kondo
    Animal Science Journal 88 8 1120 - 1127 2017年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    In this study, effects of grazing-experienced heifer presence on foraging behavior development at the feeding station (FS) scale for first-grazing season calves were determined. A group of four calves grazing alone (C), and another comprising four calves (Wc) and three grazing-experienced heifers (Wh), were alternately stocked every day for 2 h on the same pasture for 26 days. The foraging time budget for Wc was significantly longer than that for C (P < 0.05) on day 7, and was similar to that for Wh on all days. Bite rate per FS was significantly higher for Wc (15.5 bite/min) than for C (13.2 bite/min) from day 1 to 14 (33.4 vs. 29.0 bite/min, respectively; P < 0.01) and significantly lower than that for Wh on all days. The number of steps taken between adjacent FSs by Wc (4.7) was significantly lower than that for C (7.2) on days 1 and 14 (2.1 vs. 2.9 steps, respectively; P < 0.01) and was similar to Wh on all days. This suggests that grazing-experienced heifers have positive effects on the foraging behavior development of new-season grazing calves through 14 days after the start of stocking.
  • Ryoko Koizumi, Tomohiro Mitani, Koichiro Ueda, Seiji Kondo
    Animal Behaviour and Management 53 2 69 - 78 日本家畜管理学会 2017年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Koichiro Ueda, Tomohiro Mitani, Seiji Kondo
    ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 88 1 107 - 118 2017年01月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The present study aimed to clarify the effect of timing and type of supplementary grain in grazing dairy cows on herbage dry matter intake (HDMI), nitrogen utilization and milk production. Eight lactating cows were allowed to graze from evening to morning during three seasonal periods (spring, summer, autumn). They were randomly allocated to four treatments (timing: pre- (Pre) or post-grazing (Post), for large grain allotments consisting of 75% of daily grain offered; grain type: barley or corn) in 4x4 Latin square designs in each period. In the spring period, HDMI was greater for cows fed corn than those fed barley (P=0.005), whereas cows in the Pre treatment had a similar HDMI, higher (P=0.049) urinary purine derivative concentration and greater (P=0.004) milk yield compared with cows in the Post treatment. In the summer and autumn periods, timing treatments did not affect HDMI, nitrogen utilization or milk production, but cows supplemented with barley had higher urinary purine derivatives concentration (P<0.05) and milk yield (P<0.05) compared with those supplemented with corn. The results indicate that large grain allotments immediately before evening grazing during early grazing seasons increased ruminal microbial protein synthesis and milk production without reducing HDMI regardless of grain type.
  • Koichiro Ueda, Tomohiro Mitani, Seiji Kondo
    ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 87 10 1233 - 1243 2016年10月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Two experiments were conducted to elucidate the effect of increased concentrate allotment before evening grazing on herbage intake, nitrogen utilization and rumen fermentation in dairy cows. In experiment 1, nine lactating cows were grazed in the morning and evening sessions (2.5 h each). The cows were allocated to treatments of three concentrate allotment levels before the evening grazing session by altering proportions to daily total offered; 25%, 50% and 75%. Daily herbage dry matter intake quadratically decreased with increasing the concentrate allotment levels (P < 0.05). Nitrogen utilization was similar among treatments. To investigate diurnal changes in rumen fermentation, a second experiment was conducted where six ruminally cannulated non-lactating dairy cows grazed in the morning and evening sessions (3 h each) were subjected to the same treatments as experiment 1. Total volatile fatty acid concentration in the rumen linearly increased with increasing the concentrate allotment levels throughout the pre-evening grazing session to the post-morning grazing session (P < 0.01). The results indicate that dairy cows reduce daily herbage intake but do not alter nitrogen utilization with increasing concentrate allotment before evening grazing.
  • Koichiro Ueda, Tomohiro Mitani, Seiji Kondo
    ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 87 9 1148 - 1156 2016年09月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    To clarify the effect of digesta weight in the reticulorumen on diurnal and seasonal fluctuations in herbage intake, six ruminally cannulated, non-lactating dairy cows were grazed on perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture during morning and evening sessions in spring and autumn. The digesta weight of fresh matter, dry matter (DM) and fiber in the reticulorumen at the beginning and the end of each grazing session was lower in spring than in autumn (P<0.01). Although the digesta weight was similar between the sessions at the beginning of grazing, it was greater for the evening than for the morning at the end of grazing (P<0.01). The large particles proportion in the digesta was lower for the morning than the evening (P<0.01), and it was lower in spring than in autumn (P<0.01). The concentrations of volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid were generally higher in spring compared with autumn. The herbage DM intake during the evening was greater compared with the morning in both seasons (P<0.01). However, there was no difference in herbage DM intake between seasons. The results showed that the rumen digesta fill was not the sole factor explaining diurnal and seasonal variation of herbage intake in grazing dairy cows.
  • Koichiro Ueda, Tomohiro Mitani, Seiji Kondo
    ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 87 9 1122 - 1129 2016年09月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Two experiments were conducted to clarify the effect of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content in orchardgrass pasture on the diurnal distribution of grazing time. Six ruminally cannulated, non-lactating dairy cows were grazed on either of two pastures with different orchardgrass cultivars containing low WSC (LWSC; cultivar: Hokkai 28') or high WSC (HWSC; cultivar: Harunemidori'). The cows were grazed in morning and evening sessions in experiment 1, whereas the cows were grazed throughout the day in experiment 2. In experiment 1, grazing time of the cows on HWSC was longer than that of the cows on LWSC (P < 0.01). This difference was larger in the morning session than in the evening session (pasture x grazing session: P < 0.05). Effects on herbage intake were similar to those on grazing time. In experiment 2, daily total grazing time was longer for the cows on HWSC than for those on LWSC (P < 0.05). The cows on HWSC spent a longer time grazing than those on LWSC in the morning between 03.00 and 09.00 hours (P < 0.01). The results indicated that prolonged grazing time in the period between dawn and early morning could increase daily herbage intake in cows grazed on pastures of orchardgrass cultivars with high-WSC content.
  • Koichiro Ueda, Tomohiro Mitani, Seiji Kondo
    ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 87 8 997 - 1004 2016年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    This study aimed to clarify diurnal fluctuations of herbage intake, ruminal fermentation of herbage carbohydrates and proteins, and digesta particulate weight in the rumen of grazing dairy cows. Six ruminally cannulated, non-lactating dairy cows were grazed on perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture either in the morning (04.00 to 08.00 hours) or the evening (16.00 to 20.00 hours). Cows grazed in the evening spent more time (P<0.01) and consumed more herbage (P<0.01) compared with cows grazed in the morning. Higher (P<0.05) daily mean concentrations of total volatile fatty acid, propionate and n-butyrate in rumen fluid were observed for cows grazed in the evening compared with cows grazed in the morning. Although cows grazed in the evening ingested more crude protein compared with cows grazed in the morning, no significant difference in NH3-N concentration in rumen fluid was observed between them. The ratio of purine-derivative concentration to creatinine concentrations was higher (P<0.01) in the urine of cows grazed in the evening than in cows grazed in the morning. These results clearly indicated that evening grazing was advantageous for dairy cows compared with morning grazing, in terms of ruminal fermentable energy intake and nitrogen utilization efficiency.
  • Mitani T, Kobayashi, K, Ueda, K, Kondo, S
    Animal Science Journal 87 2 233 - 241 2016年02月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Milk produced by the grazing system, referred to as grazing milk contains many components required for human health. The milk fatty acid (FA) profile is strongly associated with the diet on the farms. In the present study, based on the FA profile of farmer's bulk milk, we determined how to discriminate between milk produced on grazing and on a confinement system. A field survey was conducted four times (grazing and confinement season) in the Konsen (29 farms) and Okhotsk (25 farms) area in Hokkaido. Farmer's bulk milk samples and details of feeding management were collected and the FA profile of milk was measured. Milk produced during the grazing season contained less C16:0 and cis-9 C16:0, and more C18:0, cis-9 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, cis-9,12 C18:2, cis-9,trans-11 C18:2 and cis-9,12,15 C18:3 than milk produced during the confinement season. Discrimination analysis using 16 FA revealed that almost all milk samples were discriminated correctly (confinement season: 90% correct and 10% borderline, grazing season: 88% correct, 9% borderline and 3% incorrect). For farmers that were categorized incorrectly and were considered borderline in the grazing season, the dependency on pasture was low compared with that for farmers correctly discriminated. Therefore, to claim grazing milk, a high dependency on pasture is required for grazing dairy farmers.
  • Regional difference of feeding management and milk composition in Hokkaido, Japan
    Tomohiro Mitani, Kuniyuki Kobayashi, Tetsushiro Endo, Koichiro Ueda, Seiji Kondo
    Proceedings of the 6th Korea-China-Japan Grassland Conference 86 - 89 2016年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • Ibrahim F. Rehan, Koichiro Ueda, Tomohiro Mitani, Maho Amano, Hiroshi Hinou, Tetsu Ohashi, Seiji Kondo, Shin-Ichiro Nishimura
    JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 63 48 10578 - 10590 2015年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Because various stresses strongly influence the food productivity of livestock, biomarkers to indicate unmeasurable environmental stress in domestic animals are of increasing importance. Thermal comfort is one of the basic principles of dairy cow welfare that enhances productivity. To discover sensitive biomarkers that monitor such environmental stresses in dairy cows, we herein performed, for the first time, large-scale glycomics on 336 lactating Holstein cow serum samples over 9 months between February and October. Glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOF/MS and DMB/HPLC allowed for comprehensive glycomics of whole serum glycoproteins. The results obtained revealed seasonal alterations in serum N-glycan levels and their structural characteristics, such as an increase in high-mannose type N-glycans in spring, the occurrence of di/triantennary complex type N-glycans terminating with two or three Neu5Gc residues in summer and autumn, and N-glycans in winter dominantly displaying Neu5Ac. A multivariate analysis revealed a correlation between the serum expression levels of these season-specific glycoforms and productivity.
  • Win K, Ueda, K, Kondo, S
    Animal Science Journal 86 9 833 - 841 2015年09月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of six levels of orchardgrass hay (GH) proportion (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50% of dry matter) in finely chopped corn silage (CS)-based diets on digesta kinetics of CS and GH in the rumen. Six non-lactating, rumen-cannulated Holstein cows were used in a 6x6 Latin square design. Ruminal digesta kinetics was measured by ruminal dosing of feed particle markers (dysprosium for CS, erbium for GH) followed by fecal sampling. The increase of GH proportion had a quadratic effect (P<0.01) on total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber. The proportion of GH did not affect the particle size distribution of rumen digesta, total weight of dry matter or NDF in the rumen. The rates of large particle size reduction in the rumen for CS tended to increase linearly with increasing GH proportion (P=0.077). A quadratic effect (P<0.05) was found with increasing the GH proportion for the ruminal passage rate of small GH particles, but not for CS particles. The results suggested that associative effects between CS and GH could be generated on rumen digesta kinetics when cows were fed a CS-based diet with an increased proportion of GH.
  • Effect of substitution of highly-digestible fiber of beet pulp for corn grain starch in concentrate on energy balance and recovery of ovarian function in early lactating dairy cows
    Bo M, Masaki, T, Nagano, M, Yanagawa, Y, Mitani, T, Ueda, K, Kondo, S
    Hokkaido Journal of Livestock and Grassland Science 3 45 - 53 2015年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • TADA Shingo, UEDA Koichiro, NAKATSUJI Hiroki, KONDO Seiji
    Animal Behaviour and Management 50 2 61 - 68 日本家畜管理学会 2014年06月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Under rotational grazing by dairy cows, effect of stocking rate on soil animal, soil microorganism, inorganic nitrogen contents in soil, herbage production and nitrogen intake were evaluated using five perennial ryegrassdominant pastures. Each pasture was grazed at once every fifteen days from early July to early October. The stocking rate of each pasture was 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50cow-hr/ha/day, respectively. In stocking rate 10-40 cow-hr/ha/day, the number of soil animals and herbage regrowth tended to increase with increasing the stocking rate, and consequently, herbage production and nitrogen intake increased, although soil microorganisms and inorganic nitrogen contents in soil had little differences. However, in stocking rate 50cow-hr/ha/day, herbage production and nitrogen intake were lower than in stocking rate 40cow-hr/ha/day, because herbage regrowth was lower than stocking rate 40 cow-hr/ha/day, and the number of soil animals and inorganic nitrogen contents in soil were the lowest in all stocking rate-treatment.
  • M. Miyaji, K. Ueda, H. Hata, S. Kondo
    JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 92 4 1574 - 1581 2014年04月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Eight Thoroughbred horses were used to examine the effects of grass hay intake on the fiber digestion and the retention time of digesta in the total gastrointestinal tract and the hindgut segments. The horses were randomly assigned to 2 groups and offered 2.0 (high intake [HI]) or 1.3 kg DM/(100 kg BW.d; low intake [LI]) of timothy hay in equal amounts every 3 h for 17 d. The digestibility and total tract mean retention time of digesta (tMRT) in the total gastrointestinal tract were measured from d 11 to d 15. To measure the mean retention time of digesta in each hindgut segment (sMRT), the horses were euthanized on d 17, after being fed a series of hay markers that were labeled with different rare earth elements. The digesta were collected from the ileum, cecum, right ventral colon (RVC), left ventral colon (LVC), left dorsal colon, right dorsal colon (RDC), and small colon (SC) to measure fiber digestibility, sMRT, VFA concentration, and fibrolytic activities. The digestibility of NDF and ADF in the total gastrointestinal tract was lower (P < 0.01) for HI than for LI. The cumulative disappearance of NDF and ADF from the ileum to the LVC attained 90% of total tract digestion regardless of hay intake. Values did not differ according to treatments in the ileum and the cecum but were lower (P < 0.01) for HI than for LI in the postcecal segments. This was caused by the smaller increase in the cumulative NDF and ADF disappearance from the cecum to the RVC for HI than for LI. The solid phase tMRT was shorter (P = 0.04) for HI than for LI. Although sMRT in the RDC and SC were shorter (P = 0.04 and P < 0.01, respectively) for HI than for LI, no differences were observed in the other hindgut segments. There was no difference between treatments in the total VFA concentration, VFA proportions, or the specific activity of carboxymethyl cellulase and xylanase in each hindgut segment. The fibrolytic activity for the cecum and RVC were greatest and decreased beyond the LVC. A clear relation between mean retention time and fiber digestion was observed in the total gastrointestinal tract, but the segments where a difference in sMRT was detected because of the intake were not the same as those with the fiber digestibility depression. Although the reduction in total tract fiber digestibility with increased feed intake was clearly shown to occur between the cecum and RVC, which were the main segments for fiber digestion, it could be explained neither by the sMRT nor by the fibrolytic activity in these segments.
  • 内山 知, 上田宏一郎, 秦 寛, 近藤 誠司
    北海道畜産学会報 2 93 - 97 北海道畜産草地学会 2014年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Mitani, T, Ueda, K, Endo, T, Takahashi, M, Nakatsuji, H, Kondo, S
    Hokkaido Journal of Livestock and Grassland Science 2 51 - 62 2014年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Shingo Tada, Makoto Takahashi, Koichiro Ueda, Hiroki Nakatsuji, Seiji Kondo
    Behavioural Processes 92 107 - 112 2013年01月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Fractal analysis was applied to grazing paths in non-patchy environments to clarify the behavioral information available from the analysis and to evaluate the effect of social factors on grazing paths. The grazing paths of Holstein Friesian cows in groups of 4 (GROUP-4) and 10 cows (GROUP-10) on a spatially homogeneous pasture were observed. Application of fractal analysis could quantify three aspects of grazing paths of cows: (1) hierarchical scales, (2) structure and (3) sinuosity by scale. In this study, regardless of the group size, the hierarchical scale of grazing paths was approximately 10. m. The paths showed different patterns below and above the 10. m scale. For both group sizes, fractal dimension (an index of sinuosity) below the 10. m scale was smaller than fractal dimension above 10. m scale suggesting that the paths below the 10. m scale were straighter than that above the 10. m scale. The fractal dimensions below and above the 10. m scale were significantly larger for GROUP-4 than for GROUP-10 (P< 0.05). Sinuosity of paths of GROUP-4 was higher than that of GROUP-10 over the entire scale. From these three aspects, fractal analysis can clarify the factors related to grazing paths of herbivores. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
  • Aye Sandar Cho, Koichiro Ueda, Seiji Kondo
    Animal Science Journal 83 9 650 - 655 2012年09月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    In vitro gas production (GP) method was used to investigate associative effects on ruminal digestion when grains (corn or barley) were supplemented to spring pasture and autumn pasture. Pasture (75%) was incubated with 25% corn or barley and gas production was monitored up to 96h. After incubation, the residues were used to determine dry matter and organic matter digestibility (DMD and OMD). Gas production parameters were analyzed by applying a single exponential equation. Organic matter effective degradability (OMED) was determined from GP parameters and OMD. The positive associative effects on the rate of GP, DMD, OMD and OMED were observed when spring pasture was incubated with corn. However, similar effects were not observed in a barley mixture. However, for autumn pasture, both corn and barley mixtures showed positive associative effects on rate of GP, OMD and OMED. The results of this study indicated that supplementation of corn would be better than barley for spring pasture with high water-soluble carbohydrate contents, whereas both grain supplementations were effective to obtain positive associative effects on the rate of GP and OMED for autumn pasture with high cell wall content. © 2012 The Authors. Animal Science Journal © 2012 Japanese Society of Animal Science.
  • Evaluation of associative effects on ruminal digestion kinetics between rice straw and protein supplements
    Cho, A, Ueda, K, Kondo, S
    北海道畜産学会報 54 47 - 52 2012年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Tin Ngwe, Yoko Nukui, Shinya Oyaizu, Genki Takamoto, Satoshi Koike, Koichiro Ueda, Hiroki Nakatsuji, Seiji Kondo, Yasuo Kobayashi
    ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 83 1 43 - 49 2012年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    This study evaluated the suitability of easily digested fiber sources as a supplemental fiber to improve overall fiber digestion in ruminants. First, the degradation of five fibrous feedstuffs and the stimulatory effects on rumen bacteria were examined in situ. Chickpea and lablab bean husks were selected for their potential use due to their large degradable fraction (> 94%), which had a stimulatory effect on fibrolytic rumen bacteria such as Fibrobacter succinogenes. Second, a possible improvement in the digestibility of rice straw diet by husk supplementation was monitored in vivo. Four dietary treatments comprising RS (rice straw and concentrate), CHM (RS supplemented with Myanmar chickpea husk), CHE (RS with Egyptian chickpea husk) and LH (RS with lablab bean husk) were allocated to four wethers. The digestibility of acid detergent fiber was 3.15.5% greater in CHM and LH than RS. Total volatile fatty acid concentration was higher in LH than other treatments. Acetate proportion was higher in LH than RS. Ruminal abundance of F. succinogenes was 1.31.5 times greater in CHM and LH than RS. These results suggest that bean husk supplementation, especially lablab bean husk, might improve the nutritive value of rice straw diet by stimulating fibrolytic bacteria.
  • Tomohiro Mitani, Koichiro Ueda, Tetsushiro Endo, Makoto Takahashi, Hiroki Nakatsuji, Seiji Kondo
    ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 83 2 121 - 127 2012年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Ten lactating cows were used to determine the effect of feeding non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) supplement before grazing on feed intake and nitrogen (N) utilization throughout a grazing season. The experiment was conducted from June to September. Cows grazed twice a day (2.5 h x 2) under a set stocking system and were fed NFC supplement (1 kg/4 kg of milk yield) 2 h before grazing (PRE) or immediately after grazing (POST). Cows were also fed a grass and corn silage mixture ad libitum. Herbage dry matter intake (DMI) was greater for PRE than for POST throughout the experiment and decreased from June to September. Conversely, silage DMI was less for PRE than for POST throughout the experiment and increased over the grazing season. Consequently, total DMI for PRE did not differ from that for POST. Milk urea-N concentration and urinary urea-N excretion in June did not differ between the treatments, whereas that after July was higher for PRE than for POST. Proportion of urinary N excretion to absorbed N intake in June was lower for PRE than for POST, but that after July was higher for PRE than for POST. Feeding NFC supplement before grazing would improve N utilization when cows eat large amounts of herbage high in N.
  • M. Miyaji, K. Ueda, H. Hata, S. Kondo
    ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 165 1-2 61 - 67 2011年04月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of hay quality and form on mean retention time (MRT) of digesta and total tract apparent digestibility (TTAD) in horses fed under ad libitum or restricted conditions using four Hokkaido native horses. Two experiments (Exp.) were conducted using 4 x 4 Latin square designs with treatments arranged factorially with hay quality [high quality timothy hay harvested at late vegetative-stage (HH) or low quality timothy hay harvested at late bloom-stage (LH)] and physical form [chopped to a theoretical 10-mm length (G10H) or ground through a 5-mm sieve (G5H)] as main effects. In Exp. 1, horses were offered the experimental diets ad libitum whereas in Exp. 2 horses were offered a restricted allowance of 1.6 kg dry matter (DM) per 100 kg of BW per day. Under ad libitum conditions, hay quality, physical form and their interactions did not affect feed intake. In both Exp., solid phase digesta MRT in total tract and in the first compartment which having the longest MRT were longer (Exp. 1: P=0.08 and P=0.02, Exp. 2: P=0.04 and P=0.04, respectively) for G5H than for G10H, but hay form did not affect MRT in the second compartment which having the second longest MRT. Hay quality did not affect MRT. The MRT through the gastro-intestinal tract of the solid phase was 23.7 h in Exp. 1 and 27.1 h in Exp. 2. The TTAD of DM was higher (P < 0.01) for HH than for LH in both Exp. In horses fed HH, TTAD of DM was 0.487 in Exp. 1 and 0.561 in Exp. 2, whereas in horses fed LH was 0.355 in Exp. 1 and 0.359 in Exp. 2. Hay form did not affect TTAD of DM. The effects of diet on TTAD of fibre were similar to those observed for DM. The results indicate that MRT lengthen in horses when the proportions of small particle sizes in the diet are high. Feeding chopped hay instead of ground hay did not decrease TTAD of fibre even if total and/or segmental MRT were shortened. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  • 平坦地での昼夜低地放牧における泌乳牛の移動距離の変化
    森 光生, 遠藤哲代, 中辻浩喜, 上田宏一郎, 近藤誠司
    北海道畜産学会報 53 43 - 50 2011年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • 多様な植生をもつ林地に放牧した北海道和種馬のフィーディングステーション内における採食植物選択
    内山 知, 上田宏一郎, 中辻浩喜, 秦 寛, 近藤誠司
    北海道畜産学会報 53 35 - 41 2011年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • 三谷朋弘, 佐藤悠二, 上田宏一郎, 高橋 誠, 中辻浩喜, 近藤誠司, 舎飼い飼養から放牧飼養への移行時期における牛乳成分の変動
    北海道畜産学会報 53 29 - 34 2011年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • 遠藤哲代, 三谷朋弘, 高橋 誠, 上田宏一郎, 中辻浩喜, 近藤誠司
    日本草地学会誌 55 1 9 - 14 日本草地学会 2009年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    泌乳牛の放牧における定置(S区)および輪換放牧(R区)の違いが草地構造,牧草生産量および利用草量に及ぼす影響を検討した。イネ科主体マメ科混生草地0.83haを2つ用い各処理にホルスタイン種泌乳牛5頭を1日5時間放牧した。R区は放牧間隔を15日の1日単位の輪換放牧とした。草高(cm)の平均値はS区がR区より低かった(9.7vs.12.6;P<0.05)。日利用草量はR区では放牧期間を通じてほぼ一定に推移した。S区の日利用草量は5-6月でR区より多かったが,7月以降は両区同程度となった。年間利用草量(tDM/ha)はS区がR区より高かった(11.2vs.7.0)。定置放牧における泌乳牛1日1頭当たりの利用草量は,季節間で差が大きく春季に集中するが,年間利用草量は輪換放牧に劣らないことが示された。
  • 反芻胃でのタンパク質と炭水化物の分解同期化を考慮した放牧乳牛に対する併給飼料の給与法
    三谷朋弘, 遠藤哲代, 高橋 誠, 上田宏一郎, 中辻浩喜, 近藤誠司
    栄養生理研究会報 52 1 - 9 2009年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Makoto Miyaji, Koichiro Ueda, Yasuo Kobayashi, Hiroshi Hata, Seiji Kondo
    ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 79 3 339 - 346 2008年06月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We studied in vivo fiber digestibility and fermentation parameters such as volatile fatty acid concentration and in vitro degradation in each segment of hindgut of horses fed timothy hay or silage made from the same sward. Six Thoroughbred horses were fed timothy hay or silage in equal amounts (1.6% of bodyweight per day, bodyweight mean 572 kg) every 3 h per day, then slaughtered. There were no differences between hay and silage in the concentration of the total volatile fatty acids, the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and fiber, and in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) disappearance rate in each segment. The total volatile fatty acid concentration and the apparent digestibility of dry and organic matter and fiber differed (P < 0.01) depending on the digestive segments. Both for hay and silage, the concentration of total volatile fatty acids in the digesta liquid phase largely increased (P < 0.01) from the cecum to the right ventral colon, and kept a constant value from the right ventral colon to the right dorsal colon, and then decreased from the right dorsal colon to the small colon. For dry and organic matter and fiber components, the apparent digestibility changed in the same manner from former to hinder segments of the hindgut. Regardless of diet, dry and organic matter and fiber components showed lower values in the cecum and the right ventral colon and increased (P < 0.01) largely from the right ventral colon to the left dorsal colon, then kept constant values in segments to the rear of left dorsal colon. There were no differences in in vitro NDF disappearance among cecum, ventral colon and dorsal colon.
  • Makoto Miyaji, Koichiro Ueda, Hiroki Nakatsuji, Teruo Tomioka, Yasuo Kobayashi, Hiroshi Hata, Seiji Kondo
    ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 79 1 89 - 96 2008年02月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Six Thoroughbred horses were used to determine the mean retention time (MRT) of digesta in the different segments of the hindgut. The horses were fed timothy hay or silage in equal amounts (1.6% bodyweight [BW]/day) every 3 h/day. Hay or silage labeled with the rare earth elements cerium, dysprosium, neodymium, ytterbium, lanthanum, samarium and praseodymium, were fed to the horses 36, 30, 24, 18, 12, 6 and 3 h before slaughter, respectively. Just after slaughter, digesta samples in the different segments were collected and determined for the contents of the rare earth elements. Using these data, a method to calculate the MRT in the different segments was proposed. There were no significant differences between diets in the MRT of each segment. The averaged MRT of hay and silage in the cecum, right ventral colon, left ventral colon, left dorsal colon, right dorsal colon and small colon was 2.9, 3.1, 5.9, 1.0, 4.0, and 4.0 h, respectively. The dry matter weight of the digesta was related to the MRT in the right ventral colon (r = 0.94, P = 0.005), left ventral colon (r = 0.87, P = 0.03), left dorsal colon (r = 0.98, P < 0.001) and right dorsal colon (r = 0.95, P = 0.004), but it was not related to the MRT in the cecum and small colon.
  • Akihiro Matsuura, Emiko Ohta, Koichiro Ueda, Hiroki Nakatsuji, Seiji Kondo
    Journal of Equine Science 19 1 9 - 18 2008年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    To obtain basic knowledge about selecting horses for therapeutic riding, the influence of equine conformation on rider oscillation and relationships between these factors and the evaluation on horses as the therapeutic riding were studied. Thirty-five riding horses were used. Equine conformation was estimated by 24 indices. Rider oscillation was measured by an accelerometer fixed at the rider's waist. The spatial position of the oscillation was estimated by a double integration of the acceleration. Horses were evaluated for therapeutic riding by a Riding for the Disabled Association instructor as a rider. Evaluations were on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the highest score for 27 items. Horses were classified into 4 groups: the short and narrow (SN), short and wide (SW), tall and narrow (TN), and tall and wide (TW). The frequencies of rider oscillation both at walk and trot were higher (P< 0.01), and the vertical (P< 0.01) and longitudinal (P< 0.05) amplitudes at trot were smaller, on short horses than on tall horses. The vertical amplitude at walk was smaller (P< 0.05) and the lateral amplitude at trot was larger (P< 0.01) on wide horses than on narrow horses. Short horses could be used for the rider who requires side walkers. Wide horses could be used for relieving muscular tension and for the rider who could not maintain good balance on the horse. Short and wide horses should be suitable for therapeutic riding.
  • 泉 賢一, 鈴木 知之, 上田 靖子, 上田 宏一郎, 大久保 正彦
    日本畜産學會報 = The Japanese journal of zootechnical science 78 4 427 - 433 公益社団法人 日本畜産学会 2007年11月25日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    ルーメン内の充満状態と採食および反芻活動との関連を調査するために4頭のルーメンカニューレ装着メンヨウを用いて試験を実施した.飼料はアルファルファ乾草(ALF)およびイネ科乾草(GR)として,1日2回自由採食させた.ルーメン内容物は給与直前(0 h),給与後最初の採食期(first meal)終了直後(FM),給与後4時間および8時間に採取した.First mealの乾物採食量(DMI)は両乾草で等しく,総DMIはALFの方がGRを上回った.総採食時間は飼料間で差はなかったが,採食期(meal)出現回数はALFの方がGRよりも多かった.DMIあたりの反芻時間はALFの方がGRよりも短かった.ルーメン内DM総量はFMでは両乾草の値が一致した.ルーメン内大飼料片(>1.18mm)プールサイズの推移は両飼料とも近似しており,0 hからFMにかけて急増した後に減少した.以上の結果から,草種にかかわらずfirst mealはルーメン内の充満によって終了すると考えられた.
  • Nakatsuji, H, Nishimichi, Y, Yayota, M, Takahashi, M, Ueda, K, Kondo, S, Okubo, M
    Grassland Science 52 175 - 180 2006年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Tomohiro Mitani, Makoto Takahashi, Koichiro Ueda, Hiroki Nakatsuji, Seiji Kondo
    Animal Science Journal 76 5 453 - 460 2005年10月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Four Holstein cows were used to determine the effect of timing of the feeding of a corn silage (CS)-based supplement on the feed intake, milk production and nitrogen utilization of grazing dairy cows. The cows were fed the supplement 2 h before grazing (pre-grazing) or immediately after grazing (post-grazing). Cows were grazed for 5 h per day under a rotational grazing system. There was no difference in the herbage and total feed intake between treatments. The milk protein yield for pre-grazing tended to be higher than that for post-grazing, whereas the milk yield did not differ between treatments. The total nitrogen intake for pre-grazing tended to be higher than that for post-grazing (P = 0.06). There was no difference in the urinary nitrogen output between treatments, whereas the proportion of urinary nitrogen output : total nitrogen intake for pre-grazing tended to be lower than that for post-grazing (P = 0.06). The milk nitrogen output and nitrogen retention for pre-grazing tended to be higher than that for post-grazing (milk nitrogen, P = 0.06 nitrogen retention, P = 0.05). Nitrogen utilization of grazing dairy cows was improved by feeding a CS-based supplement before grazing.
  • Tomohiro Mitani, Makoto Takahashi, Koichiro Ueda, Hiroki Nakatsuji, Seiji Kondo, Masahiko Okubo
    Animal Science Journal 76 4 331 - 337 2005年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The effects of supplementary corn silage (CS) of either 2 or 4 kg of dry matter (DM S + 2 and S + 4, respectively) above the energy requirement for milk production and maintenance for grazing dairy cows (S) were determined. Time-restricted grazing was used to compare the feed intake, milk production, and nitrogen and energy use of lactating cows. The experiment was carried out on two different pastures using a 3 × 3 Latin square design for each pasture. Cows were grazed for 5 h on a rotational grazing system and were fed concentrate (1 kg per 5 kg of milk yield). Herbage intake was measured using a weighing technique. To calculate the energy and nitrogen use, whole feces and urine were collected. There was no statistical effect of the pastures. Herbage intake decreased by the addition of CS (P= 0.02). The reduction of herbage DM intake per unit consumption of supplementary CS towards the S group were 0.80 and 0.45 kg for the S + 2 and S + 4 groups, respectively. The total DM intake for the S + 4 group was higher than that for the S and S + 2 groups (P = 0.02). Milk yield did not differ among treatments, even though the total DM intake for the S + 4 group was higher than that of the S and S + 2 groups. Nitrogen and energy use did not differ with the addition of CS.
  • 高橋誠, 上田宏一郎, 中辻浩喜, 近藤誠司
    日本草地学会誌 51 2 157 - 162 日本草地学会 2005年07月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    放牧強度の異なる乳牛放牧地(10, 20, 30, 40および50cow-hr/ha/day)において, 放牧強度の違いが, 土壌動物および微生物, 土壌中無機態窒素濃度, 牧草生産量および牧草窒素利用量に及ぼす影響を検討した。放牧強度が10-40cow-hr/ha/dayの範囲内では, 放牧強度の増加に伴い土壌動物数は増加し, 単位面積あたりの牧草生産量および牧草窒素利用量は増加した。しかし, 放牧強度が50cow-hr/ha/dayの場合には, 土壌動物数および土壌中無機態窒素濃度は減少し, 単位面積あたりの牧草生産量および牧草窒素利用量は減少に転じた。
  • JJ Loor, K Ueda, A Ferlay, Y Chilliard, M Doreau
    ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 119 3-4 203 - 225 2005年04月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Ruminal hydrogenation and duodenal flow of fatty acids were evaluated in three lactating Holstein cows fed a diet with a high concentrate: forage ratio (65:35) plus 5.0g/100g dry matter sunflower oil (SO), 5.0g/100g linseed oil (LO), or 2.5g/100g fish oil (FO). A 3 x 3 Latin square with 4-week periods was used. Grass hay was the forage. Biohydrogenation of 18:2n-6 was greater with SO (92%) than LO (0.85), and was lowest with FO (0.75). Cows fed LO had greater 18:3n-3 hydrogenation (0.95) compared with FO or SO (84%). Biohydrogenation of 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) with FO averaged 0.92 and 0.89. Flow of total conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) was greater in cows fed SO (8.3 g/d) compared with FO (4.0 g/d). Feeding LO resulted in flow of 6.9 g total CLA/d. Percentage of cis9trans11-CLA in duodenal lipids was 0.22 g/100 g total fatty acids with SO but only 0.06 or 0.13g/100 g with FO or LO. trans10,cis12-CLA percentage was greater with SO (0.19 g/100g) than FO or LO (0.04g/100 g). Flow of total non-conjugated 18:2 isomers averaged 99.4 g/d with LO and 60.3 g/d with FO or SO. Percentage of trans11,cis15-18:2, derived from 18:3n-3 hydrogenation, ranked by treatment was LO (4.70g/100g) > FO (2.70g/100g)> SO (0.86g/100g). Total trans-18:1 flow did not differ due to diets (254 g/d). trans10-18:1 percentage was greater in cows fed FO or SO (12.2 g/100g) than LO (3.1 g/100 g). trans 11-18:1 percentage averaged 10.8g/100 g across diets. Flow of 18:0 was 3.8-fold greater in cows fed SO or LO (373 g/d) than FO (96 g/d). Apparent intestinal digestibility (proportion of duodenal flow) of trans9- through trans12-18:1 was greater with FO (range 0.94-0.96) than SO (0.91-0.93), and intermediate with LO (0.92-0.95). Digestibility of cis9,trans11-CLA was greater in cows fed SO (0.85) compared with FO (0.63) or LO (0.79). trans10,cis12-CLA digestibility was greater with FO or SO (0.97) than LO (0.86). Dietary EPA and DHA from fish oil (at only 0.16 of total fatty acid intake) inhibited the reduction of trans-18:1 to 18:0 during hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in the basal diet and led to marked accumulation of trans10-18:1. Intake of 18:2n-6 with FO was not associated with greater flow of trans10-18:1. The effect of FO on biohydrogenation may have been associated with a combination of factors such as greater numbers of ruminal protozoa and(or) increased isomerization of trans11-18:1 to trans10-18:1 in the rumen. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Effect of pre-grazing feeding of a non-fibrous carbohydrate on feed intake, milk production and nitrogen utilization
    Proceedings of the, h Asian Diary Conference
    Tomohiro Mitani, Junki Honma, Tetsushiro Endo, Koichiro Ueda, Hiroki Nakatsuji, Seiji Kondo 31 - 37 2005年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  • 高橋 誠, 三嵜健司, 上田宏一郎, 中辻浩喜, 宿野部猛, 近藤誠司
    日本家畜管理学会誌 40 4 155 - 160 日本家畜管理学会 2005年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    北海道北部草地酪農地域の酪農家約100戸を対象に、共済組合獣医診療記録および乳検記録をもとに、各戸の飼養形態についてアンケート調査を行い、放牧の有無と乳牛の疾病発生状況について検討した。各農家の経産牛治療記録および牛乳生産記録はオホーツク農業科学研究センターで解析した。アンケート調査は各経営の飼養頭数、草地面積、放牧の有無・方式について行った。アンケートに回答した46戸の平均で、乳量は8,127.2kg/305日、経産牛頭数は71.7頭、放牧地面積は8.6ha、年間の治療回数は1.2回/頭で、年間の1頭あたり治療回数は個体乳量が高いほど、また草地面積が少ないほど高かった。46戸のうち、昼夜放牧農家7戸、時間制限放牧農家16戸、通年舎飼い農家9戸を選び、飼養形態ごとに解析した。各飼養形態間で平均乳量に差はなかった。1年1頭あたりの治療回数で、泌乳器系では昼夜放牧農家が多く、運動器系では昼夜放牧農家および通年舎飼い農家が少なかったが、有意な差ではなかった。妊娠分娩関係および生殖器系をあわせて繁殖関係とすると、治療回数/頭/年は昼夜放牧農家で0.22回と、時間制限放牧農家の0.41および通年舎飼い農家の0.40回より有意に少なかった(P<0.05)。
  • High-concentrate diets and polyunsaturated oils alter trans and conjugated isomers in bovine rumen, blood, and milk
    Loor, J. J, Ferlay, A, Ollier, A, Ueda, K, Doreau, M, Chilliard, Y
    Journal of Dairy Science 33 3986 - 3999 2005年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • JJ Loor, K Ueda, A Ferlay, Y Chilliard, M Doreau
    JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE 87 8 2468 - 2471 2004年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Trans-18: 1 and 18: 2 isomer composition in ruminal fluid during the daily feeding cycle was examined in 3 cows fed a high concentrate diet (35: 65) with 5% (DM basis) sunflower oil (SO), 5% linseed oil (LO), or 2.5% fish oil (FO) in a 3 x 3 Latin square with 3 4-wk periods. Grass hay and concentrate mixtures were fed at 0900, 1300, and 1700 h daily. Ruminal fluid was collected at 0900, 1100, 1300, 1500, 1700, 2000, and 0000 h. Feeding SO resulted in the greatest mean concentrations (% of total fatty acids) of trans10, cis12-18: 2 and cis9, trans11-18: 2. In particular, trans10, cis12- 18: 2 with SO was greater at 1500 (0.29%), 2000 (0.34%), and 0000 h (0.25%) relative to 0900 h (0.07%). Cis9, trans11-18: 2 concentration increased from 0.47% at 0900 h to a peak of 2.06% at 1100 h; it remained greater than the percentage determined at 0900 h at 1300 (1.4%) through 0000 h (1.1%). Concentration of trans11, cis15-18: 2 was greatest with LO, ranging from 3.3% ( 0900 h) to a peak of 11.4% at 2000 h. Mean trans10-18: 1 concentration ranked by diet was SO > FO > LO. Peak trans10-18: 1 with SO was observed at 1700 h (14.9%) compared with 0900 h (5.1%). Trans11-18: 1 did not differ with diet or time. Stearic acid decreased over time with all diets reaching minimum concentrations at 1700 to 2000 h relative to 0900 h. Feeding FO, however, decreased mean 18: 0 concentration 4-fold compared with LO or SO. The moderate effect on concentration of trans-18: 1 coupled with accumulation of 18: 2 intermediates and the decrease of 18: 0 over time suggest that oils reduced the biohydrogenation of 18: 2 isomers to trans-18: 1.
  • JJ Loor, K Ueda, A Ferlay, Y Chilliard, M Doreau
    JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE 87 8 2472 - 2485 2004年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Duodenal flows of hydrogenation intermediates in response to changes in dietary forage: concentrate ratio ( F: C) and linseed oil were evaluated using 4 lactating Holstein cows fed a low ( 65: 35 forage to concentrate) or high ( 35: 65) concentrate diet without (LC, HC) added oil or with linseed oil (LCO, HCO) at 3% of DM. A 4 x 4 Latin square design was implemented for 5 wk. Lower hydrogenation of 18: 2n-6 and 18: 3n-3 was observed with HC, but it increased with LCO or HCO. Duodenal flow of total conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) increased by 1.40 (LCO) to 3.01 (HCO) g/d with linseed oil. This response was associated with greater flows of cis9, trans11- (+ 0.21 to + 0.55 g/d), trans11, cis13- (+ 0.33 to + 0.36), trans11, trans13- (+ 1.01 to + 1.15 g/d), and trans, trans-CLA (+ 0.12 to + 0.72 g/d). Trans10, cis12-CLA flow averaged 0.08 g/d and was not affected by F: C or oil. trans11, cis15-18: 2 flow increased by 8.5 ( LCO) to 62 (HCO) g/d in response to linseed oil. Total trans-18: 1 flow was 37 g/d in cows fed LC and increased to 81 g/d with HC. Feeding oil increased total trans-18: 1 to the greatest extent with HCO. Flow of trans10-18: 1 was lower with LC than with HC (1.46 vs. 20 g/d). Linseed oil increased trans11- 18: 1 flow by 40 ( LCO) to 113 g/d ( HCO). Feeding LCO and HCO also increased flows of trans6+7+8-, trans13+14-, trans15-, and trans16-18: 1. Apparent intestinal digestibility of trans-18: 1 isomers was largely unaffected by concentrate level and ranged between 67 and 95%. Linseed oil increased digestibility of nearly all isomers by 3 to 16 percentage units. Digestibility of cis9, trans11- CLA was greater in cows fed HC (55%) compared with cows fed LC (32%) and was not affected by linseed oil. Data suggest that high concentrate diets enhanced ruminal outflow of trans10- 18:1. We provide initial in vivo evidence that supplemental 18: 3n-3 is hydrogenated to trans11, cis15-18: 2, trans11-18: 1, trans13+14-18: 1, trans15-18: 1, trans6+7+8- 18: 1, and trans16-18: 1 primarily.
  • ウマにおける消化管内飼料片の粒度分布と繊維成分含量
    上田宏一郎, 宮地 慎, 小林泰男, 秦 寛, 近藤誠司, 大久保正彦
    北海道畜産学会報 46 79 - 82 2004年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • 宮地 慎, 上田宏一郎, 山田文啓, 小林泰男, 秦 寛, 中辻浩喜, 近藤誠司
    日本畜産学会報 74 4 567 - 572 2004年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • K Ueda, A Ferlay, J Chabrot, JJ Loor, Y Chilliard, M Doreau
    JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE 86 12 3999 - 4007 2003年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The effect of linseed oil (LSO) supplementation on total-tract and ruminal nutrient digestibility, N metabolism, and ruminal fluid characteristics was investigated in dairy cows fed diets containing different forage to concentrate ratios ( F: C). The experimental design was a 4 x 4 Latin square with 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Four lactating Holstein cows were fed a forage-rich diet without LSO ( F; F: C = 65: 35, dry matter basis), a forage-rich diet with LSO (FO; F: C = 65: 32, 3% LSO), a concentrate-rich diet without LSO ( C; F: C = 35: 65), or a concentrate-rich diet with LSO ( CO; F: C = 35: 62, 3% LSO). Total-tract digestibility of DM and OM was greater with supplemental LSO. A tendency for greater total-tract digestibility of NDF and ADF also was observed in cows fed LSO. Ruminal digestibility of NDF or ADF decreased when CO was fed compared with C. In contrast, feeding FO increased NDF or ADF digestibility compared with F. Although ruminal starch digestion was nearly complete with all diets, digestibility was greater when cows were fed C or CO compared with F or FO. Bacterial N flow to the duodenum decreased when FO was fed compared with F. In contrast, feeding CO increased bacterial-N flow compared with C. Neither F: C nor LSO supplementation affected ruminal pH or total VFA concentration in ruminal fluid. However, molar proportion of propionate was greater with C or CO compared with F or FO and increased with LSO supplementation regardless of F: C. Molar proportion of n-butyrate decreased with LSO supplementation. Total protozoal numbers in ruminal fluid decreased markedly only when CO was fed. Overall, data show that feeding LSO had no negative effects on total-tract digestion in dairy cows but may decrease ruminal fiber digestibility when fed with high-concentrate diets. The widely spread idea that LSO decreases digestibility, arising from studies with sheep, did not seem to apply to lactating cows fed 3% LSO.
  • J Pan, S Koike, T Suzuki, K Ueda, Y Kobayashi, K Tanaka, M Okubo
    ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 106 1-4 69 - 79 2003年04月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Two in situ experiments were completed to study effects of mastication on particle-associated microbial mass and fibrolytic enzyme activity. In experiment 1, orchardgrass hay stems were cut into lengths of 10 cm (L, long), 2 cm (S, short) or ground to pass a I cm screen (G, ground), and offered to an esophageally fistulated steer in order to collect ingesta (LC, long and chewed; SC, short and chewed; GC, ground and chewed). These three forms of chewed ingesta and S (non-chewed short stem) were incubated for 2, 6, 14, 24, 48 or 96 h in the rumen of three wethers fitted with ruminal cannulae to which orchardgrass hay was fed. Chewed stem (LC, SC and GC) had higher fibrolytic enzyme activity from stem-associated microbes, higher rates and extents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) disappearance, and shorter lag times than S (P < 0.05). LC had a higher rate and extent of NDF disappearance than GC and SC (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, tested materials were G (as in experiment 1), GC, reground GC (GCG, ground, chewed and reground; simulated rumination) and G treated with NaOH (G-NaOH). These materials were incubated in the rumen of three wethers for 2, 6 or 24 h. GC incubated in the rumen had higher concentrations of chitin (a fungal marker; P < 0.05) and tended to have higher concentrations of diaminopimelic acid (DAPA, a bacterial marker; P = 0.13), and higher colonization of Fibrobacter succinogenes (P < 0.05) compared with G. GCG had a higher specific surface area, a higher number of F. succinogenes (P < 0.05) and higher activities of fibrolytic enzymes (i.e. total and specific xylanase at 6 and 24 h, P < 0.15), when compared to GC. G-NaOH had the highest NDF disappearance (41.7%, P < 0.05) of the four stem types. Results show that chewing promotes fibrolytic microbial attachment, colonization and subsequent production of enzymes for ruminal fibrolysis by increasing physical damage, reducing particle size and increasing the surface area of the feed particles. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
  • J Pan, T Suzuki, S Koike, K Ueda, Y Kobayashi, K Tanaka, A Okubo
    ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 104 1-4 13 - 27 2003年02月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Effects of urea infusion on the endoglucanase (CMCase) and xylanase activities in solid and liquid fractions of rumen contents in steers were investigated. Three steers were fed timothy hay once daily for 46 days that were divided into two periods, control period followed by urea infusion period. In the urea infusion period, urea was continuously infused into the rumen (5.7 g/h) after dissolving in water. Urea infusion increased ruminal ammonia-N from 4.8 to 13.7 mg/dl (P < 0.05). Although solid fraction consistently exhibited much greater activities of CMCase and xylanase than liquid fraction (P < 0.05), response to urea infusion was somewhat different between these two fractions. Activities of fibrolytic enzyme (CMCase and xylanase) in the rumen digesta were increased by urea infusion, and then the extent of the increase was higher for liquid than for solid fractions. Maximum values for liquid-associated xylanase occurred at 12 h after feeding, while those for the solid-associated occurred at 24 h (P < 0.05). Although urea. infusion decreased diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) concentration in solid fraction of the ventral digesta, relative abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes in the ventral digesta. tended to increase when urea was infused. Regardless of urea infusion, activities of fibrolytic enzyme from solid fractions were higher in ventral sac than dorsal sac, while opposite results were obtained in liquid fractions. These results indicate that increased ruminal ammonia-N by urea infusion could enhance fibrolytic enzyme activity of liquid-associated microbes at an early stage after feeding, and those of particle-associated microbes at a later stage, through stimulating growth of cellulolytic microbes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Continuous monitoring of oxygen consumption in sheep head and estimation of energy expenditure from oxygen consumption
    Higuchi, K, Nishida, T, Enishi, O, Purnomoadi, A, Ueda, K, Terada, F
    Bulletin of National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science 4 7 - 13 2003年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • 宮地 慎, 上田宏一郎, 秦 寛, 塙 友之, 近藤誠司, 大久保正彦
    日本畜産学会報 74 213 - 219 2003年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • ASM Selim, J Pan, T Suzuki, K Ueda, Y Kobayashi, K Tanaka
    ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 102 1-4 207 - 215 2002年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    An experiment was conducted to quantify postprandial changes in particle attaching ruminal bacteria in sheep fed untreated (UTS) and ammoniated (ATS) rice straw. Diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) was used as a marker for the calculation of mass of tightly associated bacteria (TAB). ATS feeding decreased large particle proportion, while increased fine particle proportion. Ammoniation of rice straw had a significant effect on mass of non-associated bacteria (NAB), loosely associated bacteria (LAB) and tightly associated bacteria (TAB) with feed particles, showing the higher values in ATS-fed sheep within 2-5 h after feeding. Significantly increased bacterial densities associated with small and fine particles were also observed, indicating that size of particles is an important factor for the attachment of bacteria. The current study suggests that ammoniation accelerates particle size reduction of rice straw in the rumen, stimulating colonization of bacteria onto the smaller particles and overall degradation of rice straw fragments. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
  • 西田武弘, 樋口浩二, 上田宏一郎, 栗原光規, Agung PURNOMOADI, 柴田正貴, 寺田文典
    日本畜産学会報 73 2 265 - 271 公益社団法人 日本畜産学会 2002年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    低栄養条件下におけるヤギの胎子数が母体の血漿ホルモン濃度, 子宮動脈血流量および妊娠子宮への正味養分取込量に及ぼす影響について検討した. ザーネン種妊娠ヤギ10頭 (平均体重43.1±14.6kg) を用いて, 妊娠105日目に全身麻酔下で超音波血流計プローブを子宮動脈に装着し, カテーテルを子宮静脈および頸動脈へ挿入した. 単胎ヤギ (n=4) は平均で妊娠119.0日目, 双胎ヤギ (n=4) は妊娠113.5日目および多胎ヤギ (胎子数3, n=2) は妊娠121.5日目において, 3時間ごとに血液を採取し, 同時に子宮動脈血流量も測定した. その結果, 多胎妊娠ヤギでは, エネルギー出納が大きく負となり, 血漿グルカゴン濃度の上昇および妊娠子宮へのグルコース取込量の増加が観察された.
  • 鈴木知之, 潘 軍, 上田宏一郎, 田中桂一, 大久保正彦
    日本畜産学会報 72 343 - 350 2001年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Ueda, K, Ichinohe, T, Okubo, M, Asahida, Y
    Animal Science Journal 72 4 306 - 314 Japanese Society of Animal Science 2001年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    This study attempted to develop a method for quantifying dynamics of particulate matter in the rumen of sheep fed on alfalfa hay at hourly intervals. The four compartments model for four size particulate fractions (large particle (LP):>5, 600, medium particle (MP): 5, 600-1, 180, small particle(SP): 1, 180-300, fine particle (FP): 300-47μm) in the rumen that has multiple pathways of size reduction, fermentation and passage was assumed. The respective rate constants were estimated by applying the in situ method and rare earth markers technique to each ruminal particulate fractions. The fermentation rate of each particulate fraction could be estimated from in situ disappearance curves. The rate of disappearance and the rate of size reduction of multiple pathways were able to be estimated by non-linear regression fitting to the theoretical equations from the dynamics model. The extent of fitting of the changes of markers in particulate fractions to the functions was enough to estimate the rate of disappearance and size reduction of ruminal particulate fractions. The rates of size reduction were 1.55 (LP→MP), 1.06 (LP→SP), 1.94 (LP→FF), 1.76 (MP→SP), 0.46 (MP→FP) and O.84%/h (SP→FP). The rates of fermentation were 1.47 (LP), 0.90 (MP), 0.08 (SP) and 1.19%/h (FP). The rates of passage were 1.82 (SP) and 3.94%/h (FP).
  • Pan, J, Suzuki, T, Ueda, K, Tanaka, K, Okubo, M
    Animal Science Journal 72 209 - 217 2001年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Ueda, K, Ichinohe, T, Tamura, T, Okubo, M, Asahida, Y
    Animal Science Journal 72 198 - 208 2001年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • J Pan, T Suzuki, K Ueda, K Tanaka, M Okubo
    ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 13 12 1708 - 1716 2000年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    A study was made of diurnal changes in the ruminal bacteria associated with feed particles, i.e., non-associated (NAB), loosely associated (LAB), and tightly associated with particles (TAB), and the TAB concentration in different particle sizes from sheep fed orchardgrass (OG) or alfalfa (ALF) hay. Diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) was used to determine the TAB mass. Results showed that the bacterial masses in NAB and LAB were small, but comprised over 90% in TAB. The TAB mass in the ALF group sharply increased within 2 h after feeding and decreased afterward. The TAB mass showed the same trend in the OG group, increasing from 0 h to 2 h, but remained at the same level up to 14 h after feeding. The peak bacterial mass was, however, lower in the OG than the ALF group. The TAB concentration reflected the changes in total particulate tightly associated bacterial masses in both groups of hay fed sheep. Number of bacterial colonies per particle increased as the particulate size decreased in both groups. This difference, however, tended to decline as the postprandial period was prolonged. DAPA, however, tended to overestimate the TAB mass in the reticulo-rumen digesta of the hay fed sheep.
  • 鈴木 知之, 潘 軍, 泉 賢一, 上田 靖子, 上田 宏一郎, 田中 桂一, 大久保 正彦
    日本畜産學會報 = The Japanese journal of zootechnical science 71 9 J331 - J337 2000年08月25日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • 反芻胃内飼料片付着微生物量およびin situ NDF消失率に及ぼす飼料片の粒度および給与乾草の影響
    潘 軍, 鈴木知之, 上田宏一郎, 田中桂一, 大久保正彦
    北海道畜産学会報 42 19 - 24 2000年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • 甘利雅拡, 梅田剛利, 上田宏一郎, 柾木茂彦, 寺田文典, 阿部 亮
    Grassland Science 46 3 254 - 260 日本草地学会 2000年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    刈り取り時期の異なる4種のイタリアンライグラスロールベールラップサイレージ(IRGサイレージ)を調製し, これらを供試して乳牛による自由採食試験, in vitro消化試験を実施した。IRGサイレージの1日当たり乾物摂取量(DMI日量)および代謝体重当たり乾物摂取量(MDMI)と飼料成分含量,第一胃内滞留時間, in vitro消化試験による総繊維(OCW)の消化速度との関係からIRGサイレージにおける乾物摂取量に影響を及ぼす要因を解析した。IRGサイレージのDMI日量およびMDMIは, それぞれ6.3〜9.4kg/日, 54.2〜79.8g/kg^<0.75>であった。DMI日量と飼料成分の関係では, 酵素分析法によるOCW, 低消化性繊維(Ob), 細胞内容物(OCC)と高消化性繊維(Oa)を合算したもの, 中性デタージェント繊維(NDF), 酸性デタージェントリグニン(ADL)との間にr=0.99〜1.00の高い相関が認められ, DMI日量はこれらの成分含量から求めることが可能となった。また, DMI日量と消化管内総滞留時間, 第一胃内滞留時間乾物消化率, OCW消化率との間にも高い相関が認められた。MDMIについても同様の結果であった。このことから, IRGサイレージのDMI日量およびMDMIは, 飼料成分含量から推定が可能であり, DMIを支配する要因として, 繊維成分含量, 第一胃内滞留時間および消化率があり, これらの要因が大きく影響していることが明らかとなった。
  • 近赤外分光法による牛乳中の窒素成分の推定
    アグン・プルノモアディ, ケサブクマール・バタジョ, 野中 最子, 樋口 浩二, 上田 宏一郎, 永西 修, 西田 武弘, 栗原 光規, 寺田 文典
    Animal Science Journal 70 5 343 - 348 1999年09月
  • Purnomoadi, A, Batajoo, K. K, Nonaka, I, Higuchi, K, Ueda, K, Enishi, O, Nishida, T, Kurihara, M, Terada, F
    Animal Science Journal 70 5 343 - 348 1999年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • A Purnomoadi, KK Batajoo, K Ueda, F Terada
    INTERNATIONAL DAIRY JOURNAL 9 7 447 - 452 1999年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Milk samples from two experiments (n = 506 in total) were analyzed by measurement of near-infrared (NIR) spectra to investigate the effect of feed source on milk fat and protein content. Milk samples from the first experiment (n = 300) were used for development of the calibration equation and validation of the equation. The calibration equations thus developed in the first experiment were then used in the second experiment to examine the applications of NIR measurement. All feeding trials used the same basal rations, which consisted of corn silage, Italian ryegrass, Alfalfa haycube, corn flake and commercial concentrate. The first experiment was comprised of three rations: (1) basal ration, (2) basal ration with soybean meal (48% of total crude protein (CP)) and (3) basal ration with soybean meal (19% of total CP) and fish meal (25% of total CP). The second experiment was comprised of five supplement alternatives: (1) no supplement (NS), (2) corn gluten meal (CGM, 26% of total CP), (3) fish meal (FM, 26% of total CP), (4) defatted soybean meal (SBM, 28% of total CP) and (5) roasted soybean meal (RSBM, 26% of total CP). Feeding regimes in both experiments were adjusted to fulfill the maintenance and production requirements. The results showed that NIR prediction of milk fat content was not influenced by the feed of animals, while the accuracy of protein prediction was significantly affected by the kind of feedstuff used in the ration. Thus, a wide range of milk samples from cows on clearly defined feeding regimes is necessary for developing a satisfactory calibration for NIR systems. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • 中井文徳, 平嶋喜典, 上田宏一郎, アグン プルノモアディ, 樋口浩二, 永西 修, 寺田文典
    日本畜産学会報 70 10 390 - 396 1999年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • 乾草の自由摂取量と反芻胃内飼料片の粒度別動態との関連
    上田 宏一郎
    北海道大学農学部邦文紀要 20 1 - 57 1997年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Ueda, K, Ichinohe, T, Tamura, T, Okubo, M, Asahida, Y
    Animal Science and Technology (Japan) 68 917 - 925 1997年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • 泉 賢一, 岡部靖子, 福間 哲, 上田宏一郎, 大久保正彦
    北海道畜産学会報 38 94 - 97 1996年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • 上田宏一郎, 一戸俊義, 田村 忠, 大久保正彦, 朝日田康司
    日本畜産学会報 66 949 - 956 1995年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Ichinohe, T, Tamura, T, Ueda, K, Okubo, M, Asahida, Y
    Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science 8 267 - 273 1995年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • 上田宏一郎, 一戸俊義, 田村 忠, 大久保正彦, 朝日田康司
    北海道畜産学会報 36 41 - 44 1994年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Ichinohe, T, Tamura, T, Ueda, K, Okubo, M, Asahida, Y
    Animal Science and Technology (Japan) 65 8 701 - 708 Japanese Society of Animal Science 1994年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    刈取り期の異なるオ-チャードグラス1番刈り乾草3種類(H1,出穂前;H2,出穂:開花=1:1;H3,開花:結実=1:1)を,ルーメンカニューレ装着めん羊にそれぞれ1日1回給与し,反芻胃内容物の粒度分布の経時変化および嚥下食塊と糞の粒度分布を測定した.無細切乾草1300gを1日1回10:00から13:00の間に採食させ,飼料給与後3,7,11,15,19,24hに反芻胃内容物を全量取り出し,代表サンプルを採取した.粒度分布は,Large particles (LP,≧1180μm篩上残留分画),Small particles(SP, 47~600μm上残留分画)および可溶性分画(SOL,47μm篩通過分画)の割合で表した.嚥下食塊のLP割合は,各乾草とも60%以上であり,5600μ篩上残留分画割合はH1給与時がH2,H3給与時に比べて高かった.反芻胃内容物中のLP割合は,給与後3から24hにかけて,H1,H2,H3給与時でそれぞれ,46→13,39→14,34→8%へと減少し,各時間におけるLP割合は,H1給与時がH2,H3給与時に比べて高い傾向にあった.一方,SP割合は,H1,H2,H3給与時でそれぞれ,28→47,35→62,47→68%へと増加し,各時間におけるSP割合は,H1給与時に比べてH2,H3給与時で高かった(P<0.05).反芻胃内容物中のSOL割合は,H1で給与後3hの26%から給与後24hには41%へと増加したが,H2,H3では変動が少なく概ね25%で推移した.各乾草給与時において,反芻胃内通過が可能な飼料粒子は常に総反芻胃内容物の50%以上を占めていた.糞のLP割合は,H1,H2,H3給与時でそれぞれ,0.7,3.7,1.0%とわずかであった.SP割合はそれぞれ48.8,53.2,70.3%とH1,H2給与時に比べ,H3給与時で高かった.
  • 一戸俊義, 田村 忠, 上田宏一郎, 大久保正彦, 朝日田康司
    日本綿羊研究会誌 29 45 - 50 1992年 [査読有り][通常論文]

MISC

書籍等出版物

  • 獣医衛生学教育研修協議会 (担当:分担執筆)
    文永堂出版 2024年03月 (ISBN: 9784830032912) xxviii, 467p
  • 新しい子牛の科学
    家畜感染症学会 (担当:分担執筆範囲:第4章 離乳期の生理と管理 4-1 離乳期における発育と栄養生理的変化)
    緑書房 2021年03月
  • 小林泰男 (範囲:第3章 栄養(ウシ))
    朝倉書店 2021年01月 (ISBN: 9784254450316) vii, 184p
  • 飼料設計・給餌の基本と実践ー粗飼料生産から牛群マネジメントまで
    上田宏一郎 (範囲:第Ⅱ章 飼料設計の実践と応用 7パターン別の飼料設計④~放牧飼養型)
    デーリィマン社 2020年10月
  • 動物衛生学
    上田 宏一郎 (担当:分担執筆範囲:第10章 生産動物の衛生管理 6 特用家畜の衛生管理 5)めん羊と山羊)
    文栄堂出版 2018年04月
  • 日本飼養標準・乳牛(2017年版)
    上田 宏一郎 (担当:共著範囲:飼料中の繊維)
    中央畜産会 2017年11月
  • デーリィ・プロフェッショナル vol.4
    上田 宏一郎 (担当:共著)
    デーリィ・ジャパン社 2016年02月
  • 乳牛栄養学の基礎と応用
    上田 宏一郎 (範囲:脂質)
    デーリィ・ジャパン社 2010年
  • 子牛の科学
    上田 宏一郎 (範囲:第一胃の発達と離乳)
    チクサン出版社 2009年
  • 新版 酪農用語解説 第2版
    上田 宏一郎 (担当:共著)
    デーリィ・ジャパン社 2008年
  • 日本飼養標準・乳牛(2006年版)
    上田 宏一郎 (担当:共著範囲:飼料中の繊維)
    中央畜産会 2007年
  • ルーメン6~ルーメン機能を理解する実践栄養学~
    上田 宏一郎 (担当:共著範囲:反芻を科学する)
    デーリィ・ジャパン社 2001年

講演・口頭発表等

  • マメ科牧草の草生割合がマメ科採食量に及ぼす影響  [招待講演]
    上田宏一郎
    強い馬づくりのための生産育成技術講座2023 2023年11月 口頭発表(招待・特別)
  • 生涯生産性を高める 哺育・育成からのスマート酪農を目指して  [招待講演]
    上田宏一郎
    2020年度大動物臨床研究会第10回東京シンポジウム 2021年02月 シンポジウム・ワークショップパネル(指名)
  • 生涯生産性を高める 哺育・育成からのスマート酪農を目指して  [招待講演]
    上田宏一郎
    北海道アグリ・フードフォーラム2021 2021年02月 シンポジウム・ワークショップパネル(指名)
  • 搾乳ロボットを利用した放牧酪農経営における乳牛の草地利用と課題  [招待講演]
    上田 宏一郎
    道北地域考える酪農セミナー~道北地域での豊かな暮らしのために~ 2018年11月 口頭発表(基調)
  • 健全な乳牛を育成するための新たな飼養管理技術の開発  [招待講演]
    上田 宏一郎
    オランダ経済使節団来日記念セミナー「酪農・馬鈴薯セクターのコスト削減と効率化―日蘭協力の可能性を模索して」 2018年10月 口頭発表(招待・特別)
  • Timing strategy for concentrate supplementation in grazing dairy cows  [招待講演]
    上田 宏一郎
    The 7th Japan-China-Korea Grassland Conference 2018年07月 口頭発表(招待・特別)
  • 新しい北海道の酪農~生産寿命を延ばす哺乳・育成の可視化技術の開発を目指して~  [招待講演]
    上田 宏一郎
    平成30年度GTBH総会・理事会 記念講演会 2018年06月 口頭発表(招待・特別)
  • 草からの乳生産量  [招待講演]
    上田 宏一郎
    創地農業21第34回グラスファーミングスクール 2017年05月 口頭発表(基調)
  • 放牧家畜の食草行動  [招待講演]
    上田宏一郎
    アフリカの牧畜地域で活用しうるICT関連技術に関する研究集会 2014年03月 口頭発表(招待・特別)
  • 泌乳牛の放牧における基礎栄養学  [招待講演]
    上田宏一郎
    創地農業21第26回グラスファーミングスクール 2013年06月 口頭発表(基調)
  • 放牧時の栄養管理  [招待講演]
    上田宏一郎
    北海道公共牧場会平成22年度春季研修会 2010年04月 口頭発表(基調)
  • 基本的な放牧時の栄養学  [招待講演]
    上田宏一郎
    第3回天北放牧ネットテクニカルセミナー 2008年09月 口頭発表(基調)

担当経験のある科目(授業)

  • 畜牧体系科学
  • 一般教育演習「私たちの生活と家畜」北海道大学教養課程
  • 循環型社会形成学北海道大学大学院農学院
  • 畜牧体系学特論演習北海道大学大学院農学院
  • 畜牧体系学特論北海道大学大学院農学院
  • 家畜生産学特論演習北海道大学大学院農学院
  • 家畜生産学特論北海道大学大学院農学院
  • 北海道農業概論/HUSTEP講義北海道大学農学部
  • 牧場実習北海道大学農学部
  • 家畜生産実習北海道大学農学部
  • 畜牧体系学実験北海道大学農学部
  • 畜牧体系学北海道大学農学部
  • 家畜生産論Ⅱ北海道大学農学部
  • 家畜生産論Ⅰ北海道大学農学部

所属学協会

  • 日本綿羊研究会   栄養生理研究会   日本家畜管理学会   北海道畜産草地学会   日本草地学会   日本畜産学会   

共同研究・競争的資金等の研究課題

  • 群飼育哺育牛の健全な発育と管理省力化を両立させる体調不良個体AI検出システムの開発
    生物系特定産業技術研究支援センター:戦略的スマート農業技術の開発・改良
    研究期間 : 2023年04月 -2026年03月
  • 放牧地におけるイネ科およびマメ科牧草の草生割合が採食割合ならびに発育に及ぼす影響
    JRA競走馬総合研究所:JRA競走馬総合研究所受託研究
    研究期間 : 2022年04月 -2025年03月 
    代表者 : 上田宏一郎
  • 群飼育下の乳用雌哺育牛から体調不良個体を早期発見するリアルタイムモニタリング技術の開発
    国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 生物系特性産業技術センター:イノベーション創出強化研究推進事業
    研究期間 : 2020年05月 -2023年03月
  • 日本学術振興会:科学研究費助成事業
    研究期間 : 2019年04月 -2022年03月 
    代表者 : 永野 昌志, 上田 宏一郎, 窪 友瑛, 惠 淑萍
     
    泌乳初期ホルスタイン牛の卵子中トリアシルグリセロール(TAG)は、未経産牛より多く、卵子発生能低下と関連すると考えられた。また、血中遊離脂肪酸(FFA)と卵子中FFAには相関があり、卵子採取21日前の栄養状態と負の相関があった。すなわち、濃厚飼料中心の飼養管理下では、牛卵子にとってFFA脂肪毒性のリスクの高いことが分かった。 培養細胞に酸素を直接供給できるガス透過型ウェルを用いて発育途上にある牛卵子を抗酸化剤添加した培地を用いて、培養当初4日間を5%酸素、後半4日間を20%酸素下で培養した。その結果、この培養条件下で発育した牛卵子の核成熟能と発生能が促進されることが分かった。
  • 日本短角種去勢牛の2シーズン放牧肥育における放牧管理改善による肉質向上
    公益財団法人伊藤記念財団:令和3年度公益財団法人伊藤記念財団助成
    研究期間 : 2021年04月 -2022年03月 
    代表者 : 上田宏一郎・呉 成真
  • 乳牛預託哺育・育成牧場の飼養管理実態調査事業
    日本中央競馬会:畜産振興事業
    研究期間 : 2019年04月 -2022年03月 
    代表者 : 上田 宏一郎
  • 牧草サイレージの高品質化に向けたバイオガスプラント消化液施用量の評価
    公益財団法人伊藤記:令和2年度公益財団法人伊藤記念財団助成
    研究期間 : 2020年04月 -2021年03月 
    代表者 : 三谷朋弘, 上田宏一郎
  • ワイン搾汁残渣タンニンを利用したラム肉パストラルフレーバー低減技術の確立
    公益財団法人伊藤記念財団:平成30年度公益財団法人伊藤記念財団助成
    研究期間 : 2018年06月 -2020年03月 
    代表者 : 上田 宏一郎
  • 集約放牧酪農経営における搾乳ロボット導入時の技術的課題の明確化
    農畜産業振興機構:平成29年度畜産関係学術研究委託調査
    研究期間 : 2017年06月 -2018年03月 
    代表者 : 上田 宏一郎
  • 日本学術振興会:科学研究費助成事業
    研究期間 : 2009年 -2011年 
    代表者 : 中辻 浩喜, 近藤 誠司, 上田 宏一郎, 三谷 朋弘
     
    放牧地に高解像度ネットワークカメラを設置して牛の行動を連続的に撮影して、そのデジタル画像を無線LANで基地パソコンに送信し、自動画像処理により牛の移動軌跡のリアルタイムでの把握を試みた。試行錯誤の結果、カメラの設置状況によってはカメラ画像から位置データを同定できる可能性が示唆された。このようなシステム構築の可能性は示唆されたが、カメラ台数および基地パソコンでの画像統合処理等の精度向上については今後の課題である。
  • 日本学術振興会:科学研究費助成事業
    研究期間 : 2009年 -2011年 
    代表者 : 谷 宏, 王 秀峰, 中辻 浩喜, 荒木 肇, 上田 宏一郎
     
    作物生育パラメータ(作物の草高や群落立体構造)について航空機計測と実測値の関係を調べるため,北大北方生物圏フィールド科学センター生物生産研究農場にて生育調査を行い,上空からも航空機レーザ計測を実施し両者を比較した。レーザ計測によって推定した草高とその実測値の関係から,作物種によって両者の相関関係が良好なものや悪いものが存在した。これは,作物の草型(葉が細く縦に伸びるか葉が大きく上部で横に広がるか)によって異なると考えられる。また,航空機から発射されるレーザパルスの空間的な分布を調べることによって作物群落の立体的な構造も推定できるようになった。
  • 放牧牛の採食動作の生体音響解析による牧草採食量および栄養価の推定
    科学技術振興機構:科学研究費補助金 萌芽研究
    研究期間 : 2005年04月 -2007年03月 
    代表者 : 上田 宏一郎
  • 乳牛の反芻胃内容物の消失における給与飼料間の相互作用に関する研究
    栗林育英学術財団:研究助成(個人研究)
    研究期間 : 1998年04月 -1999年03月 
    代表者 : 上田 宏一郎

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