基本情報

所属

• 理学研究院　生物科学部門　行動神経生物学分野

職名

• 准教授

学位

• 博士

科研費研究者番号

• 20517924

J-Global ID

• 201101012589706719

研究分野

• ライフサイエンス / 神経科学一般

担当教育組織

•  学士課程　理学部
•  修士課程　生命科学院
•  博士課程　生命科学院

職歴

• 2017年04月 - 現在 北海道大学 理学研究院 准教授
• 2013年02月 - 2017年03月 北海道大学創成研究機構 特任助教
• 2010年10月 - 2014年03月 科学技術振興機構 さきがけ研究員
• 2009年06月 - 2013年01月 京都大学生命科学系キャリアパス形成ユニット 研究員
• 2004年07月 - 2009年05月 National Institutes of Health 博士研究員
• 1999年10月 - 2004年03月 総合研究大学院大学 博士過程

所属学協会

• 神経科学学会   

研究活動情報

論文

• Non-synaptic transmission mediates light context-dependent odor responses in Drosophila melanogaster

  Kazuaki Ikeda, Masaki Kataoka, Nobuaki K. Tanaka

  Journal of Neuroscience In Press 2022年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• A Sexually Dimorphic Olfactory Neuron Mediates Fixed Action Transition during Courtship Ritual in Drosophila melanogaster

  Nobuaki K Tanaka, Takashi Hirao, Hikaru Chida, Aki Ejima

  Journal of Neuroscience 41 9732 - 9741 2021年11月 [査読有り]
  
• The color pattern inducing gene wingless is expressed in specific cell types of campaniform sensilla of a polka-dotted fruit fly, Drosophila guttifera

  Masato Koseki, Nobuaki K. Tanaka, Shigeyuki Koshikawa

  Development Genes and Evolution 231 3-4 85 - 93 2021年07月 [査読有り]
  
• Calcium imaging method to visualize the spatial patterns of neural responses in the pygmy squid, Idiosepius paradoxus, central nervous system

  Motoki Koizumi, Shuichi Shigeno, Makoto Mizunami, Nobuaki K. Tanaka

  Journal of Neuroscience Methods 294 67 - 71 2018年01月15日 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Background Cephalopods exhibit unique behaviors such as camouflage and tactile learning. The brain functions correlated to these behaviors have long been analyzed through behavioral observations of animals subject to surgical manipulation or electrical stimulation of brain lobes. However, physiological methods have rarely been introduced to investigate the functions of each individual lobe, though physiological work on giant axons and slices of the vertical lobe system of the cephalopods have provided deep insights into ion conductance of nerves and long-term synaptic plasticity. The lack of in vivo physiological work is partly due to difficulties in immobilizing the brain which is contained within the soft body and applying calcium indicators to the cephalopod central nervous system. New method We here present a calcium imaging method to visualize neural responses in the central nervous system of the smallest squid, Idiosepius paradoxus. Results We injected calcium indicator Cal-520 into the brachial lobes and revealed a spatiotemporal pattern of neural responses to the electrical stimulations of the axial nerve cord in the first arm. Comparison with existing methods We established a method to immobilize the central nervous system which is contained within the soft body and record the calcium responses from the intact central nervous system. Conclusions Our method provides a novel approach to investigate the mechanisms of how the characteristic organization of the cephalopod brain functions to induce their unique behaviors.
• Cephalopod biology and care, a COST FA1301 (CephsInAction) training school: anaesthesia and scientific procedures

  Vanessa M. Lopes, Eduardo Sampaio, Katina Roumbedakis, Nobuaki K. Tanaka, Lucia Carulla, Guillermo Gambus, Theodosia Woo, Catarina P. P. Martins, Virginie Penicaud, Colette Gibbings, Jessica Eberle, Perla Tedesco, Isabel Fernandez, Tania Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Pamela Imperadore, Giovanna Ponte, Graziano Fiorito

  INVERTEBRATE NEUROSCIENCE 17 3 8  2017年09月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Cephalopods are the sole invertebrates included in the list of regulated species following the Directive 2010/63/EU. According to the Directive, achieving competence through adequate training is a requisite for people having a role in the different functions (article 23) as such carrying out procedures on animals, designing procedures and projects, taking care of animals, killing animals. Cephalopod Biology and Care Training Program is specifically designed to comply with the requirements of the "working document on the development of a common education and training framework to fulfil the requirements under the Directive 2010/63/EU''. The training event occurred at the ICM- CSIC in Barcelona (Spain) where people coming from Europe, America and Asia were instructed on how to cope with regulations for the use of cephalopod molluscs for scientific purposes. The training encompasses discussion on the guidelines for the use and care of animals and their welfare with particular reference to procedures that may be of interest for neuroscience. Intensive discussion has been carried out during the training sessions with focus on behavioural studies and paradigms, welfare assessment, levels of severity of scientific procedures, animal care, handling, transport, individual identification and marking, substance administration, anaesthesia, analgesia and humane killing.
• The role of PDF neurons in setting the preferred temperature before dawn in Drosophila

  Xin Tang, Sanne Roessingh, Sean E. Hayley, Michelle L. Chu, Nobuaki K. Tanaka, Werner Wolfgang, Seongho Song, Ralf Stanewsky, Fumika N. Hamada

  ELIFE 6 2017年05月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Animals have sophisticated homeostatic controls. While mammalian body temperature fluctuates throughout the day, small ectotherms, such as Drosophila, achieve a body temperature rhythm (BTR) through their preference of environmental temperature. Here, we demonstrate that pigment dispersing factor (PDF) neurons play an important role in setting preferred temperature before dawn. We show that small lateral ventral neurons (sLNvs), a subset of PDF neurons, activate the dorsal neurons 2 (DN2s), the main circadian clock cells that regulate temperature preference rhythm (TPR). The number of temporal contacts between sLNvs and DN2s peak before dawn. Our data suggest that the thermosensory Anterior Cells (ACs) likely contact sLNvs via serotonin signaling. Together, the ACs-sLNs-DN2s neural circuit regulates the proper setting of temperature preference before dawn. Given that sLNvs are important for sleep and that BTR and sleep have a close temporal relationship, our data highlight a possible neuronal interaction between body temperature and sleep regulation.
• Upregulation of Juvenile Hormone Titers in Female Drosophila melanogaster Through Mating Experiences and Host Food Occupied by Eggs and Larvae

  Yasuhiro Sugime, Dai Watanabe, Yoko Yasuno, Tetsuro Shinada, Toru Miura, Nobuaki K. Tanaka

  ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE 34 1 52 - 57 2017年02月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Juvenile hormone (JH) plays a crucial role in the determination of developmental timing in insects. In Drosophila melanogaster, reports indicate that JH titers are the highest immediately following eclosion and that the mating experience increases the titers in females. However, the titers have not been successively measured for an extended period of time after eclosion. This study reveals that JH titers are increased after eclosion in virgin females when supplied with food that is occupied by eggs and larvae as well as in mated females. With the presence of eggs and larvae, food induced the virgin females to lay unfertilized eggs. When combined with previous work indicating that females are attracted to such food where they prefer to lay eggs, these results suggest that flies can prepare themselves to lay eggs by changing the titers of JH under the presence of growing larvae, ensuring that the food is an appropriate place to oviposit.
• Three-Dimensional Brain Atlas of Pygmy Squid, Idiosepius paradoxus, Revealing the Largest Relative Vertical Lobe System Volume Among the Cephalopods

  Motoki Koizumi, Shuichi Shigeno, Makoto Mizunami, Nobuaki K. Tanaka

  JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY 524 10 2142 - 2157 2016年07月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Cephalopods have the largest and most complex nervous system of all invertebrates, and the brain-to-body weight ratio exceeds those of most fish and reptiles. The brain is composed of lobe units, the functions of which have been studied through surgical manipulation and electrical stimulation. However, how information is processed in each lobe for the animal to make a behavioral decision has rarely been investigated. To perform such functional analyses, it is necessary to precisely describe how brain lobes are spatially organized and mutually interconnected as a whole. We thus made three-dimensional digital brain atlases of both hatchling and juvenile pygmy squid, Idiosepius paradoxus. I. paradoxus is the smallest squid and has a brain small enough to scan as a whole region in the field-of-view of a low-magnification laser scan microscope objective. Precise analyses of the confocal images of the brains revealed one newly identified lobe and also that the relative volume of the vertical lobe system, the higher association center, in the pygmy squid represents the largest portion compared with the cephalopod species reported previously. In addition, principal component analyses of relative volumes of lobe complexes revealed that the organization of I. paradoxus brain is comparable to those of Decapodiformes species commonly used to analyze complex behaviors such as Sepia officinalis and Sepioteuthis sepioidea. These results suggest that the pygmy squid can be a good model to investigate the brain functions of coleoids utilizing physiological methods. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
• Convergence of multimodal sensory pathways to the mushroom body calyx in Drosophila melanogaster

  Ryosuke Yagi, Yuta Mabuchi, Makoto Mizunami, Nobuaki K. Tanaka

  SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 6 29481  2016年07月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Detailed structural analyses of the mushroom body which plays critical roles in olfactory learning and memory revealed that it is directly connected with multiple primary sensory centers in Drosophila. Connectivity patterns between the mushroom body and primary sensory centers suggest that each mushroom body lobe processes information on different combinations of multiple sensory modalities. This finding provides a novel focus of research by Drosophila genetics for perception of the external world by integrating multisensory signals.
• Dye fills reveal additional olfactory tracts in the protocerebrum of wild-type Drosophila

  Nobuaki K. Tanaka, Emiko Suzuki, Louis Dye, Aki Ejima, Mark Stopfer

  JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY 520 18 4131 - 4140 2012年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  The antennal lobe (AL) is the primary olfactory center in insect brains. It receives sensory input from the olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and sends, through its projection neurons (PNs), reformatted output to secondary olfactory centers, including the mushroom body (MB) calyx and the lateral horn (LH) in the protocerebrum. By injecting dye into the AL of wild-type Drosophila, we identified previously unknown direct pathways between the AL and the ventrolateral, superior medial, and posterior lateral protocerebra. We found that most of these areas in the protocerebrum are connected with the AL through multiple tracts, suggesting that these areas are sites of convergence for olfactory information. Furthermore, areas such as the superior medial protocerebrum now appear to receive olfactory output both directly from the AL and indirectly from lobes of the MB and the LH, suggesting a degree of functional interaction among these areas. We also analyzed the length and number of fibers in each tract. We compare our results obtained from wild-type flies with recent results from transgenic strains and discuss how information about odorants is distributed to multiple protocerebral areas. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:41314140, 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
• Organization of antennal lobe-associated neurons in adult Drosophila melanogaster brain

  Nobuaki K. Tanaka, Keita Endo, Kei Ito

  JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY 520 18 4067 - 4130 2012年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  The primary olfactory centers of both vertebrates and insects are characterized by glomerular structure. Each glomerulus receives sensory input from a specific type of olfactory sensory neurons, creating a topographic map of the odor quality. The primary olfactory center is also innervated by various types of neurons such as local neurons, output projection neurons (PNs), and centrifugal neurons from higher brain regions. Although recent studies have revealed how olfactory sensory input is conveyed to each glomerulus, it still remains unclear how the information is integrated and conveyed to other brain areas. By using the GAL4 enhancer-trap system, we conducted a systematic mapping of the neurons associated with the primary olfactory center of Drosophila, the antennal lobe (AL). We identified in total 29 types of neurons, among which 13 are newly identified in the present study. Analyses of arborizations of these neurons in the AL revealed how glomeruli are linked with each other, how different PNs link these glomeruli with multiple secondary sites, and how these secondary sites are organized by the projections of the AL-associated neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:40674130, 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
• Dual-labeling method for electron microscopy to characterize synaptic connectivity using genetically encoded fluorescent reporters in Drosophila

  Nobuaki K. Tanaka, Louis Dye, Mark Stopfer

  JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS 194 2 312 - 315 2011年01月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Light and electron microscopy (LM and EM) both offer important advantages for characterizing neuronal circuitry in intact brains: LM can reveal the general patterns neurons trace between brain areas, and EM can confirm synaptic connections between identified neurons within a small area. In a few species, genetic labeling with fluorescent proteins has been used with LM to visualize many kinds of neurons and to analyze their morphologies and projection patterns. However, combining these large-scale patterns with the fine detail available in EM analysis has been a technical challenge. To analyze the synaptic connectivity of neurons expressing fluorescent markers with EM, we developed a dual-labeling method for use with pre-embedded brains. In Drosophila expressing genetic labels and also injected with markers we visualized synaptic connections among two populations of neurons in the AL, one of which has been shown to mediate a specific function, odor evoked neural oscillation. Published by Elsevier B.V.
• Odor-Evoked Neural Oscillations in Drosophila Are Mediated by Widely Branching Interneurons

  Nobuaki K. Tanaka, Kei Ito, Mark Stopfer

  JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE 29 26 8595 - 8603 2009年07月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Stimulus-evoked oscillatory synchronization of neurons has been observed in a wide range of species. Here, we combined genetic strategies with paired intracellular and local field potential (LFP) recordings from the intact brain of Drosophila to study mechanisms of odor-evoked neural oscillations. We found common food odors at natural concentrations elicited oscillations in LFP recordings made from the mushroom body (MB), a site of sensory integration and analogous to the vertebrate piriform cortex. The oscillations were reversibly abolished by application of the GABA(a) blocker picrotoxin. Intracellular recordings from local and projection neurons within the antennal lobe (AL) (analogous to the olfactory bulb) revealed odor-elicited spikes and subthreshold membrane potential oscillations that were tightly phase locked to LFP oscillations recorded downstream in the MBs. These results suggested that, as in locusts, odors may elicit the oscillatory synchronization of AL neurons by means of GABAergic inhibition from local neurons (LNs). An analysis of the morphologies of genetically distinguished LNs revealed two populations of GABAergic neurons in the AL. One population of LNs innervated parts of glomeruli lacking terminals of receptor neurons, whereas the other branched more widely, innervating throughout the glomeruli, suggesting that the two populations might participate in different neural circuits. To test the functional roles of these LNs, we used the temperature-sensitive dynamin mutant gene shibire to conditionally and reversibly block chemical transmission from each or both of these populations of LNs. We found only the more widely branching population of LNs is necessary for generating odor-elicited oscillations.
• Neuronal assemblies of the Drosophila mushroom body

  Nobuaki K. Tanaka, Hiromu Tanimoto, Kei Ito

  JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY 508 5 711 - 755 2008年06月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  The mushroom body (MB) of the insect brain has important roles in odor learning and memory and in diverse other brain functions. To elucidate the anatomical basis underlying its function, we studied how the MB of Drosophila is organized by its intrinsic and extrinsic neurons. We screened for the GAL4 enhancer-trap strains that label specific subsets of these neurons and identified seven subtypes of Kenyon cells and three other intrinsic neuron types. Laminar organization of the Kenyon cell axons divides the pedunculus into at least five concentric strata. The alpha', beta', alpha, and beta lobes are each divided into three strata, whereas the gamma lobe appears more homogeneous. The outermost stratum of the alpha/beta lobes is specifically connected with a small, protruded subregion of the calyx, the accessory calyx, which does not receive direct olfactory input. As for the MB extrinsic neurons (MBENs), we found three types of antennal lobe projection neurons, among which two are novel. In addition, we resolved 17 other types of MBENs that arborize in the calyx, lobes, and pedunculus. Lobe-associated MBENs arborize in only specific areas of the lobes, being restricted along their longitudinal axes, forming two to five segmented zones in each lobe. The laminar arrangement of the Kenyon cell axons and segmented organization of the MBENs together divide the lobes into smaller synaptic units, possibly facilitating characteristic interaction between intrinsic and extrinsic neurons in each unit for different functional activities along the longitudinal lobe axes and between lobes. Structural differences between lobes are also discussed.
• Activity-dependent plasticity in an olfactory circuit

  Silke Sachse, Erroll Rueckert, Andreas Keller, Ryuichi Okada, Nobuaki K. Tanaka, Kei Ito, Leslie B. Vosshall

  NEURON 56 5 838 - 850 2007年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) form synapses with local interneurons and second-order projection neurons to form stereotyped olfactory glomeruli. This primary olfactory circuit is hard-wired through the action of genetic cues. We asked whether individual glomeruli have the capacity for stimulus-evoked plasticity by focusing on the carbon dioxide (CO(2)) circuit in Drosophila. Specialized OSNs detect this gas and relay the information to a dedicated circuit in the brain. Prolonged exposure to CO(2) induced a reversible volume increase in the CO(2)-specific glomerulus. OSNs showed neither altered morphology nor function after chronic exposure, but one class of inhibitory local interneurons showed significantly increased responses to CO(2). Two-photon imaging of the axon terminals of a single PN innervating the CO(2) glomerulus showed significantly decreased functional output following CO(2) exposure. Behavioral responses to CO(2) were also reduced after such exposure. We suggest that activity-dependent functional plasticity may be a general feature of the Drosophila olfactory system.
• Roles for Drosophila mushroom body neurons in olfactory learning and memory

  David-Benjamin G. Akalal, Curtis F. Wilson, Lin Zong, Nobuaki K. Tanaka, Kei Ito, Ronald L. Davis

  LEARNING & MEMORY 13 5 659 - 668 2006年09月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Olfactory learning assays in Drosophila have revealed that distinct brain structures known as mushroom bodies (MBs) are critical for the associative learning and memory of olfactory stimuli. However, the precise roles of the different neurons comprising the MBs are still under debate. The confusion surrounding the roles of the different neurons may be due, in part, to the use of different odors as conditioned Stimuli in previous studies. We investigated the requirements for the different MB neurons, specifically the alpha/beta versus the gamma neurons, and whether olfactory learning is supported by different Subsets of MB neurons irrespective of the odors used as conditioned stimuli. We expressed the rutabaga (rut)-encoded adenylyl cyclase in either the gamma or alpha/beta neurons and examined the effects on restoring olfactory associative learning and memory of rut mutant flies. We also expressed a temperature-sensitive shibire (shil transgene in these neuron sets and examined the effects of disrupting synaptic vesicle recycling oil Drosophila olfactory learning. Our results indicate that although we did not detect odor-pair-specific learning using GAL4 drivers that primarily express in gamma neurons, expression of the transgenes in a subset of alpha/beta neurons resulted in both odor-pair-specific rescue of the rut defect as well as odor-pair-specific disruption of learning using shi(tsl)..
• Stereotypic and random patterns of connectivity in the larval mushroom body calyx of Drosophila

  LM Masuda-Nakagawa, NK Tanaka, CJ O'Kane

  PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 102 52 19027 - 19032 2005年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  The larval brain of Drosophila is a useful model to study olfactory processing because of its cellular simplicity. The early stages of central olfactory processing involve the detection of odor features, but the coding mechanisms that transform them into a representation in higher brain centers is not clear. Here we examine the pattern of connectivity of the main neurons that process olfactory information in the calyx (dendritic region) of the mushroom bodies, a higher brain center essential for associative olfactory learning. The larval calyx has a glomerular organization. We generated a map of calyx glomeruli, using both anatomical criteria and the pattern of innervation by subsets of its input neurons (projection neurons), molecularly identified by GAL4 markers. Thus, we show that projection neurons innervate calyx glomeruli in a stereotypic manner. By contrast, subsets of mushroom body neurons (Kenyon cells) that are labeled by GAL4 markers show no clear preference for specific glomeruli. Clonal subsets of Kenyon cells show some preference for subregions of the calyx, implying that they receive distinct input. However, at the level of individual glomeruli, dendritic terminals of larval-born Kenyon cells innervate about six glomeruli, apparently randomly. These results are consistent with a model in which Kenyon cells process olfactory information by integrating different inputs from several calyx glomeruli in a combinatorial manner.
• Developmentally programmed remodeling of the Drosophila olfactory circuit

  EC Marin, RJ Watts, NK Tanaka, K Ito, LQ Luo

  DEVELOPMENT 132 4 725 - 737 2005年02月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Neural circuits are often remodeled after initial connections are established. The mechanisms by which remodeling occurs, in particular whether and how synaptically connected neurons coordinate their reorganization, are poorly understood. In Drosophila, olfactory projection neurons (PNs) receive input by synapsing with olfactory receptor neurons in the antennal lobe and relay information to the mushroom body (MB) calyx and lateral horn. Here we show that embryonic-born PNs participate in both the larval and adult olfactory circuits. In the larva, these neurons generally innervate a single glomerulus in the antennal lobe and one or two glomerulus-like substructures in the MB calyx. They persist in the adult olfactory circuit and are prespecified by birth order to innervate a subset of glomeruli distinct from larval-born PNs. Developmental studies indicate that these neurons undergo stereotyped pruning of their dendrites and axon terminal branches locally during early metamorphosis. Electron microscopy analysis reveals that these PNs synapse with MB gamma neurons in the larval calyx and that these synaptic profiles are engulfed by glia during early metamorphosis. As with MB gamma neurons, PN pruning requires cell-autonomous reception of the nuclear hormone ecdysone. Thus, these synaptic partners are independently programmed to prune their dendrites and axons.
• Integration of chemosensory pathways in the Drosophila second-order olfactory centers

  NK Tanaka, T Awasaki, T Shimada, K Ito

  CURRENT BIOLOGY 14 6 449 - 457 2004年03月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Background: Behavioral responses to odorants require neurons of the higher olfactory centers to integrate signals detected by different chemosensory neurons. Recent studies revealed stereotypic arborizations of second-order olfactory neurons from the primary olfactory center to the secondary centers, but how third-order neurons read this odor map remained unknown. Results: Using the Drosophila brain as a model system, we analyzed the connectivity patterns between second-order and third-order olfactory neurons. We first isolated three common projection zones in the two secondary centers, the mushroom body (MB) and the lateral horn (LH). Each zone receives converged information via second-order neurons from particular subgroups of antennal-lobe glomeruli. In the MB, third-order neurons extend their dendrites across various combinations of these zones, and axons of this heterogeneous population of neurons converge in the output region of the MB. In contrast, arborizations of the third-order neurons in the LH are constrained within a zone. Moreover, different zones of the LH are linked with different brain areas and form preferential associations between distinct subsets of antennal-lobe glomeruli and higher brain regions. Conclusions: MB is known to be an indispensable site for olfactory learning and memory, whereas LH function is reported to be sufficient for mediating direct nonassociative responses to odors. The structural organization of second-order and third-order neurons suggests that MB is capable of integrating a wide range of odorant information across glomeruli, whereas relatively little integration between different subsets of the olfactory signal repertoire is likely to occur in the LH.
• Developmental origin of wiring specificity in the olfactory system of Drosophila

  GSXE Jefferis, RM Vyas, D Berdnik, A Ramaekers, RF Stocker, NK Tanaka, K Ito, LQ Luo

  DEVELOPMENT 131 1 117 - 130 2004年01月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  In both insects and mammals, olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) expressing specific olfactory receptors converge their axons onto specific glomeruli, creating a spatial map in the brain. We have previously shown that second order projection neurons (PNs) in Drosophila are prespecified by lineage and birth order to send their dendrites to one of similar to50 glomeruli in the antennal lobe. How can a given class of ORN axons match up with a given class of PN dendrites? Here, we examine the cellular and developmental events that lead to this wiring specificity. We find that, before ORN axon arrival, PN dendrites have already created a prototypic map that resembles the adult glomerular map, by virtue of their selective dendritic localization. Positional cues that create this prototypic dendritic map do not appear to be either from the residual larval olfactory system or from glial processes within the antennal lobe. We propose instead that this prototypic map might originate from both patterning information external to the developing antennal lobe and interactions among PN dendrites.
• Cautionary observations on preparing and interpreting brain images using molecular biology-based staining techniques

  K Ito, R Okada, NK Tanaka, T Awasaki

  MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE 62 2 170 - 186 2003年10月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Though molecular biology-based visualization techniques such as antibody staining, in situ hybridization, and induction of reporter gene expression have become routine procedures for analyzing the structures of the brain, precautions to prevent misinterpretation have not always been taken when preparing and interpreting images. For example, sigmoidal development of the chemical processes in staining might exaggerate the specificity of a label. Or, adjustment of exposure for bright fluorescent signals might result in overlooking weak signals. Furthermore, documentation of a staining pattern is affected easily by recognized organized features in the image while other parts interpreted as "disorganized" may be ignored or discounted. Also, a higher intensity of a label per cell can often be confused with a higher percentage of labeled cells among a population. The quality, and hence interpretability, of the three-dimensional reconstruction with confocal microscopy can be affected by the attenuation of fluorescence during the scan, the refraction between the immersion and mounting media, and the choice of the reconstruction algorithm. Additionally, visualization of neurons with the induced expression of reporter genes can suffer because of the low specificity and low ubiquity of the expression drivers. The morphology and even the number of labeled cells can differ considerably depending on the reporters and antibodies used for detection. These aspects might affect the reliability of the experiments that involves induced expression of effector genes to perturb cellular functions. Examples of these potential pitfalls are discussed here using staining of Drosophila brain. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
• A novel type of non-coding RNA expressed in the rat brain

  Y Komine, NK Tanaka, R Yano, S Takai, S Yuasa, T Shiroishi, K Tsuchiya, T Yamamori

  MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 66 1-2 1 - 13 1999年03月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  We have characterized a novel type of non-coding RNA which consists of tandem repeats of similar sequences, approximately 0.9 kb in size. This RNA, termed Bsr (brain specific repetitive) RNA, is encoded at a single locus (6 q31 --> q32) in the rat genome, where 100 to 150 copies of the 0.9 kb sequences are repeated in tandem. Bsr RNA is preferentially expressed in the rat central nervous system (CNS), especially in phylogenetically old structures, such as the pareo- and archicortex, amygdala, thalamus and hypothalamus. In the developing brains, Bsr RNA is expressed in the subsets of differentiating cells but not in proliferating cells. Despite the finding that Bsr RNA appears to be conserved only among the Rattus species, the specific expression pattern of Bsr RNA suggests that it might have some role in the rat CNS. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
• Chlorophyll a oxygenase (CAO) is involved in chlorophyll b formation from chlorophyll a

  A Tanaka, H Ito, R Tanaka, NK Tanaka, K Yoshida, K Okada

  PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 95 21 12719 - 12723 1998年10月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Chlorophyll b is an ubiquitous accessory pigment in land plants, green algae, and prochlorophytes. Its biosynthesis plays a key role in the adaptation to various light environments. We isolated six chlorophyll b-less mutants by insertional mutagenesis by using the nitrate reductase or argininosuccinate lyase genes as tags and examined the rearrangement of mutant genomes. We found that an overlapping region of a nuclear genome was deleted in all mutants and that this encodes a protein whose sequence is similar to those of methyl monooxygenases. This coding sequence also contains putative binding domains for a [2Fe-2S] Rieske center and for a mononuclear iron. The results demonstrate that a chlorophyll a oxygenase is involved in chlorophyll b formation. The reaction mechanism of chlorophyll b formation is discussed.

書籍

• 「異質なものから本質を探る：イカに魅せられて」

  田中暢明 
  細胞工学 2015年
• 「ショウジョウバエの匂い情報処理機構」

  八木亮輔, 田中暢明 
  実験医学 2014年
• 「キイロショウジョウバエ」行動生物学辞典

  田中暢明 (担当:分担執筆)
  東京化学同人 2013年

講演・口頭発表等

• A sexually dimorphic olfactory neuron mediates fixed action transition during courtship ritual in Drosophila melanogaster  [通常講演]

  Nobuaki Tanaka

  Insect Olfaction and Taste in 24 Hours around the Globe 2021年08月 口頭発表（一般）
• ヒメイカの腕内部の神経構造解析  [通常講演]

  木内和秀, 田中暢明

  第１回イカタコ研究会 2018年10月
• ヒメイカの脳の構造について  [通常講演]

  小泉元毅, 田中暢明

  第１回イカタコ研究会 2018年10月
• Three-dimensional brain atlas of pygmy squid, Idiosepius paradoxus, revealing the largest relative vertical lobe system among the cephalopods  [招待講演]

  Tanaka N

  Janelia Conference "Neuro-evo: A Comparative Approach to Cracking Circuit Function II" 2018年05月
• Olfactory system of Drosophila and Cephalopod nervous system  [招待講演]

  Tanaka N

  Hyderabad Neuroscience Symposium 2015年
• Olfactory system of Drosophila  [招待講演]

  Tanaka N

  International Workshop on Animal Instinct and Intelligent Behaviors 2014年
• 脳科学から眺める頭足類  [招待講演]

  田中暢明

  沖縄シンポジウム 2014年
• Olfactory Neuronal Circuit in a Drosophila Brain.  [招待講演]

  Tanaka N, Ito K, Stopfer M

  日本味と匂学会 2011年
• ショウジョウバエの生殖行動を生み出す神経機構とその可塑性  [招待講演]

  田中暢明, 江島亜樹

  日本動物学会成茂記念シンポジウム 2010年
• Olfactory neural circuit in the Drosophila brain.  [招待講演]

  Tanaka, N

  Swiss Neurofly meeting 2009年11月 口頭発表（招待・特別）
• Odor evoked neural oscillations in Drosophila are mediated by widely branching interneurons.  [通常講演]

  Tanaka, N, Stopfer, M

  日本動物学会 2009年09月 口頭発表（一般）
• ショウジョウバエのNeural Circuitを調べる – 嗅覚系をモデルにして  [招待講演]

  田中暢明

  東北大学脳科学グローバルCOE若手フォーラム 2009年
• Neural circuit underlying odor-evoked neural oscillations in Drosophila: Results from genetic, electrophysiological, and electron microscopic studies.  [通常講演]

  Tanaka, N, Ito, K, Stopfer, M

  European Symposium on Drosophila Neurobiology (Neurofly meeting) 2008年09月 口頭発表（一般）
• Odor evoked neural oscillations in Drosophila.  [招待講演]

  Tanaka, N, Ito, K, Stopfer, M

  International Congress of Entomology 2008年07月 口頭発表（招待・特別）
• Internal assembly of the Drosophila mushroom body.  [通常講演]

  Tanaka, N, Ito, K

  The 9th European Symposium on Insect Taste and Olfaction 2005年09月 口頭発表（一般）

その他活動・業績

• Real-time imaging of the plastic response in an odorant receptor neuron for olfactory pheromone habituation

  Tachibana S-I, Tanaka NK, Ejima A Journal of Neurogenetics 26 (Suppl 1) 11 2012年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• Odor Elicited Oscillations in Drosophila

  Nobuaki K. Tanaka, Kei Ito, Mark Stopfer CHEMICAL SENSES 34 (3) E7 -E8 2009年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• Connectivity in the larval mushroom body calyx, a secondary olfactory center of Drosophila

  Liria M. Masuda-Nakagawa, Nobuaki K. Tanaka, Kei Ito, Cahir J. O'Kane NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH 58 S218 -S218 2007年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  

共同研究・競争的資金等の研究課題

• キイロショウジョウバエの嗅覚系脳神経の求愛行動における機能の研究

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C)

  研究期間 : 2020年04月 -2023年03月 

  代表者 : 田中 暢明
• セロトニンによる5-HT2A受容体を介した摂食量調節機構の解明

  基盤研究(C)

  研究期間 : 2017年 -2019年 

  代表者 : 田中暢明
• ショウジョウバエを用いた幼若ホルモン産生調節機構の研究

  住友財団 基礎科学研究助成

  研究期間 : 2017年 

  代表者 : 田中暢明
• ショウジョウバエの感覚情報統合処理経路の解明

  若手研究(B)

  研究期間 : 2014年 -2016年 

  代表者 : 田中暢明
• 北大総長室事業推進経費

  研究期間 : 2014年 

  代表者 : 田中暢明
• 海産軟体動物の脳構造の研究

  秋山記念生命科学振興財団 研究助成（奨励）

  研究期間 : 2014年 

  代表者 : 田中暢明
• 嗅覚系をモデルにした行動選択時の感覚情報処理機構の研究

  新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)

  研究期間 : 2012年 -2013年 

  代表者 : 田中暢明
• 脳の内的環境を制御する神経伝達機構

  JST さきがけ

  研究期間 : 2010年 -2013年 

  代表者 : 田中暢明
• フェロモン情報の脳内統合処理機構の研究

  若手研究(B)

  研究期間 : 2010年 -2011年 

  代表者 : 田中暢明
• 京都大学若手研究者スタートアップ研究費

  研究期間 : 2009年 -2011年 

  代表者 : 田中暢明
• 日本学術振興会 国際学会等派遣事業

  研究期間 : 2010年 

  代表者 : 田中暢明
• 加藤記念財団 国際交流助成

  研究期間 : 2009年 

  代表者 : 田中暢明
• 学術振興会 海外特別研究員

  研究期間 : 2005年 -2006年 

  代表者 : 田中暢明

教育活動情報

主要な担当授業