2018, IWA, IWA Felllow　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
KIMURA Katsuki

2017, 最優秀論文賞、Frontiers International Conference on Wastewater Treatment, Palermo.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
木村 克輝

2011, 日本水環境学会論文賞　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
木村 克輝

2010, クリタ水・環境科学研究優秀賞　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
木村 克輝

2004, 土木学会年次学術講演会優秀講演者　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
木村 克輝

2003, 土木学会年次学術講演会優秀講演者　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
木村 克輝

2001, 水環境学会論文奨励賞(廣瀬賞)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Japan

2001, 土木学会年次学術講演会優秀講演者　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Japan

Development of a novel in-sediment passive sampler for profiling orthophosphate and internal phosphorus release near the sediment–water interface in a eutrophic lake
Kazuto Sano, Jumpei Ueda, Akira Hafuka, Katsuki Kimura
Water Research, 123634, 123634, Elsevier BV, Apr. 2025
Scientific journal

Characterization of biopolymers isolated from a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor treating municipal wastewater
Takayuki Kakuda, Ayana Suzuki, Rin Naito, Kanta Tominaga, Akira Hafuka, Hiroshi Yamamura, Katsuki Kimura
International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 198, 106010, 106010, Elsevier BV, Feb. 2025
Scientific journal

Effective reset of fouling in a high-rate MBR by in-situ, air-exposed and chemically enhanced backwash: A cautionary tale for granular scouring use
Michael J. Rocco, Hitoshi Makizuka, Akira Hafuka, Toru Tsuchiya, Katsuki Kimura
Journal of Water Process Engineering, 68, 106495, 106495, Elsevier BV, Dec. 2024
Scientific journal

Synergistic effects of nanobubbles and chemicals on backwashing for submerged MBRs treating municipal wastewater
Helmano Fernandes, Soichiro Kiuchi, Takayuki Kakuda, Akira Hafuka, Toru Tsuchiya, Yoshihiko Matsui, Katsuki Kimura
Journal of Water Process Engineering, 63, 105541, 105541, Elsevier BV, Jun. 2024, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author, Corresponding author]
Scientific journal

EFFECTS OF STEELMAKING SLAG ADDITION ON THE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE
Haruka KUWABARA, Akira HAFUKA, Katsuki KIMURA
Japanese Journal of JSCE, 80, 25, n/a, n/a, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 2024
Scientific journal

HYDROTHERMAL PRETREATMENT OF DEWATERD SLUDGE AND BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN AN ANAEROBIC MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR FOR CENTRALIZED DIGESTION
Takumi NISHIYAMA, Seigo INAGAKI, Akira HAFUKA, Yuji HASHIMOTO, Tsuneo YAMATO, Katsuki KIMURA
Japanese Journal of JSCE, 80, 25, n/a, n/a, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 2024
Scientific journal

High frequency sampling of lake water and sediment and evaluation of phosphorus re- lease from lake sediments in Lake Barato, a shallow oxbow lake
Jumpei Ueda, Kazuto Sano, Akira Hafuka, Katsuki Kimura
Japanese Journal of JSCE, 80, 25, n/a, n/a, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 2024
Scientific journal

Innovative receiving phase for Chemcatcher® passive sampler for phosphorus in the water environment: Calibration of sampling rate by water temperature and pH
Akira Hafuka, Yuma Okuda, Kazuto Sano, Jumpei Ueda, Katsuki Kimura
Water Research, 120412, 120412, Elsevier BV, Jul. 2023, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author]
Scientific journal

Fouling mitigation in membrane bioreactors by nanobubble-assisted backwashing
Helmano Fernandes, Soichiro Kiuchi, Takayuki Kakuda, Akira Hafuka, Toru Tsuchiya, Yoshihiko Matsui, Katsuki Kimura
Journal of Water Process Engineering, 53, 103860, 103860, Elsevier BV, Jul. 2023, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author, Corresponding author]
Scientific journal

Efficient Recovery of Organic Matter from Municipal Wastewater by a High-Rate Membrane Bioreactor Equipped with Flat-Sheet Ceramic Membranes
Michael Joseph Rocco, Akira Hafuka, Toru Tsuchiya, Katsuki Kimura
Membranes, 03 Mar. 2023, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author, Corresponding author]
Scientific journal

Quantitative and qualitative variations of biopolymers in a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor treating municipal wastewater throughout 3 years of operation
Takayuki Kakuda, Rin Naito, Ayana Suzuki, Akira Hafuka, Katsuki Kimura
Journal of Environmental Management, 328, 116863, 116863, Elsevier {BV}, Feb. 2023, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author]
English, Scientific journal

EFFICIENT CONTROL OF FOULING IN A HIGH-RATE MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR (HR-MBR) FOR CARBON RECOVERY FROM MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER
槇塚仁志, ROCCO Michael Joseph, 羽深昭, 木村克輝
土木学会論文集(Web), 79, 25, 2023, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author, Corresponding author]

Fouling potentials of biopolymers isolated from surface water and supernatants of a membrane bioreactor
水落望乃香, 山本祐士朗, 小野順也, 羽深昭, 木村克輝
土木学会論文集(Web), 79, 25, 2023, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author, Corresponding author]

Intensive routine cleaning for mitigation of fouling in flat-sheet ceramic membranes used for drinking water production: Unique characteristics of resulting foulants
Hideki Sakamoto, Akira Hafuka, Toru Tsuchiya, Katsuki Kimura
Separation and Purification Technology, 301, 121950, 121950, Elsevier {BV}, Nov. 2022, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author, Corresponding author]
English, Scientific journal

Isolation of LC-OCD-quantified biopolymers from surface water: Significant differences between real biopolymers and model biopolymers
Kanta Tominaga, Rina Nagai, Akira Hafuka, Wenzheng Yu, Katsuki Kimura
Journal of Membrane Science, 658, 120714, 120714, Elsevier {BV}, Sep. 2022, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author, Corresponding author]
English, Scientific journal

Efficient direct membrane filtration (DMF) of municipal wastewater for carbon recovery: Application of a simple pretreatment and selection of an appropriate membrane pore size
Toru Sugiyama, Yui Ito, Akira Hafuka, Katsuki Kimura
Water Research, 118810, 118810, Elsevier {BV}, Aug. 2022, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author, Corresponding author]
Scientific journal

In-situ biogas upgrading with H2 addition in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) digesting waste activated sludge
Akira Hafuka, Sota Fujino, Katsuki Kimura, Kazuyuki Oshita, Naoya Konakahara, Shigetoshi Takahashi
Science of The Total Environment, 828, 154573, 154573, Elsevier BV, Mar. 2022, [Peer-reviewed]
Scientific journal

Phosphorus Recovery by Adsorption from the Membrane Permeate of an Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor Digesting Waste-Activated Sludge
Akira Hafuka, Katsuki Kimura
Membranes, 12, 1, 99, Jan. 2022, [Peer-reviewed]
Scientific journal

Characterization of Biopolymers in Water Based on their Enzymatic Degradability
YAMAMOTO Yushiro, ONO Junya, NAGAI Rina, HAFUKA Akira, KIMURA Katsuki
Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research), 78, 7, III_177, III_184, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 2022, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author, Corresponding author]
Japanese, Although water/wastewater treatment using membrane technology has various advantages over conventional methods, membrane fouling still impedes wide-spread use of the technology. Recent studies have demonstrated that high-molecular-weight hydrophilic organic matters (i.e., biopolymers) play an important role in the evolution of membrane fouling. However, detailed information on biopolymers such as molecular composition and structure is still unknown. In this study, biopolymers were collected and isolated from surface water and municipal wastewater, and their degradability by enzymes was investigated. Enzymes that could degrade specific structures of polysaccharides and proteins (α-amylase, cellulase, protease, and lysozyme) were used in this study. LC-OCD analysis could detect degradation of biopolymers (i.e., shift of molecular weight distribution) caused by enzymes, which cannot be detected by common analytical methods. Biopolymers isolated from surface water were degraded by α-amylase and cellulase, whereas biopolymers isolated from municipal wastewater were degraded by lysozyme. These results clearly indicate that the two biopolymer samples examined in this study had different structures and properties, which has not been clearly shown so far. Use of various combinations of biopolymers and enzymes in the method established in this study may deepen understanding of the structure of biopolymers.

Optimization of Nanobubble Assisted Backwashing of Membranes
NAKAGAWA Hayato, KIUCHI Soichiro, FERNANDES Helmano, HAHUKA Akira, KIMURA Katsuki
Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research), 78, 7, III_143, III_148, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 2022, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author, Corresponding author]
Japanese, Membrane bioreactor (MBR) has many advantages over the conventional activated sludge systems, but occurence of membrane fouling is a problem. Our research group found that backwashing utilizing nanobubbles can effectively alleviate membrane fouling in MBRs, but there is plenty of room for the optimization of backwashing using nanobubbles. In this study, we prepared ceramic membranes fouled by sodium alginate, which is often used as model foulant of MBR and investigated factors which can enhance the cleaning efficiency. It was confirmed in this study that cleaning efficiency of backwashing was enhanced by using nanobubbles. Contribution of hydroxyl radical generated from nanobubbles to the enhancement of cleaning efficiency would be limited. Instead, it was suggested that nanobubbles intruded into the fouling layer during backwashing and loosened the structure of it, which led to increase in cleaning efficiency of hydraulic cleaning.

Passive sampling of low concentration of orthophosphate in a river and a lake
Sano Kazuto, Okuda Yuma, Hafuka Akira, Kimura Katsuki
Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research), 78, 7, III_359, III_368, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 2022, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author]
Japanese, Monitoring of orthophosphate (PO_4-P) concentrations in rivers and lakes is important to conserve water environment. Grab sampling followed by general instrumental analysis cannot provide representative concentration of PO_4-P exists in low concentration range in water environment. In this study, passive sampling of orthophosphate was conducted in Sakusyukotoni River and Lake Barato to obtain time-averaged concentration of PO_4-P. As a result, obtained time-averaged concentration of PO_4-P with passive sampling in Sakusyukotoni River coincided with concentrations of dissolved phosphorus in samples obtained by grab sampling. In Lake Barato, vertical profiles of time-averaged concentration of PO_4-P were obtained using passive sampling.

Effect of SRT on digestibility of polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids in waste activated sludge using an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) and analysis of membrane foulant
KANUMA Shunsuke, FUJINO Sota, HAFUKA Akira, KIMURA Katsuki
Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research), 78, 7, III_33, III_41, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 2022, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author]
Japanese, Effects of SRT and HRT on digestibility of polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids in waste activated sludge were investigated in an anerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR). The AnMBR was operated in six different phases. Degradation efficiencies of polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids were increased with prolonged SRT from 30 days to 90 days. Shortening of HRT from 30 days to 15 days lead to increase of organic loading rate, which further increased biogas production rate. Trans-membrane pressure reached to 41 kPa during 154-days continuous membrane filtration of digested sludge. Inorganic irreversible fouling was dominant in the used membrane and Ca, P, and Mg were extracted.

EFFECT OF MEMBRANE PORE SIZE AND MATERIALS ON MEMBRANE FOULING IN MBRS
Takumi NAKAMURA, Takayuki KAKUDA, Akira HAFUKA, Masatsugu ONO, Katsuki KIMURA
Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research), 78, 7, III_135, III_142, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 2022, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author, Corresponding author]
Japanese, Scientific journal, Membrane properties affect membrane fouling in MBRs. Although many previous studies have investigated the relationship between membrane properties and membrane fouling, there are few studies in which specific membrane properties of interest were varied intentionally and independently. In this study, membranes with the same material and different pore sizes, and membranes with the same structure and different materials were fabricated and used in a bench-scale MBR treating municipal wastewater. In the experiments in which UF and MF membranes made from CPVC were compared, there was almost no difference in fouling between the two membranes. This result implies that effects of pore sizes on fouling in MBRs are limited as long as a local flux imposed on membranes is fixed. In the experiments in which CPVC UF and PVDF UF membranes with the same structure were compared, fouling in the CPVC membrane was faster than that in the PVDF membrane. With the tested flux range of 0.72-0.90 m/d, it was suggested that PVDF is a better membrane material than CPVC in terms of prevention of membrane fouling.

Phosphorus compounds in the dissolved and particulate phases in urban rivers and a downstream eutrophic lake as analyzed using 31P NMR
Akira Hafuka, Yoichi Tsubokawa, Ryuichiro Shinohara, Katsuki Kimura
Environmental Pollution, 288, 117732, Nov. 2021, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author]
English, Scientific journal

Direct membrane filtration (DMF) for recovery of organic matter in municipal wastewater using small amounts of chemicals and energy
Katsuki Kimura, Mutsumi Yamakawa, Akira Hafuka
Chemosphere, 277, Aug. 2021, [Peer-reviewed], [Lead author, Corresponding author]
Scientific journal

Intensive monitoring of sludge filterability of a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor treating municipal wastewater for better interpretation of fouling
Takayuki Kakuda, Hiroyuki Iwasaki, Xia Huang, Katsuki Kimura
Journal of Water Process Engineering, 40, Apr. 2021, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author, Corresponding author]
Scientific journal

NUTRIENTS RECOVERY COMBINED WITH DIRECT MEMBRANE FILTRATION (DMF) OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER FOR RECOVERY OF ORGANIC MATTER
ITO Yui, SUGIYAMA Toru, TAKAHASHI Taketsugu, HAHUKA Akira, KIMURA Katsuki
Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research), 77, 7, III_339, III_345, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 2021, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author, Corresponding author]
Japanese, Organic matter and nutrients in municipal wastewater are important resources to be recovered. Direct membrane filtration (DMF) can efficiently recover and concentrate organic matter in municipal wastewater. In most of the previous studies investigating DMF, recovery of nutrients in the treated water (permeate) was not considered. In this study, phosphate ion adsorption was attempted in the pretreatment of DMF in which microbial carriers with zirconium-based phosphate ion adsorbent were placed. As for recovery of ammonium ions in the permeate, use of poly(sodium acrylate) was examined. Experiments were conducted with real municipal wastewater and the results showed that 75% of the phosphate ion and 80% of the ammonium ions could be recovered. The recovery of ammonium ions could be further improved by using nanofiltration that could eliminate the effect of coexisting multivalent ions.

ASSESMENT OF FOULING POTENTIAL OF BIOPOLYMERS ISOLATED FROM SURFACE WATER USING QUARTZ CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE WITH DISSIPATION MONITORING（QCM-D）
ONO Junya, NAGAI Rina, Tominaga Kanta, HAFUKA Akira, KIMURA Katsuki
Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research), 77, 7, III_321, III_328, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 2021, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author, Corresponding author]
Japanese, While water purification using membranes has many advantages over conventional treatment, membrane fouling is still a major problem. Recent studies have suggested that high-molecular-weight hydrophilic organic matters called biopolymers play an important role in the evolution of membrane fouling. In this study, biopolymers were collected and isolated from several drinking water sources with different characteristics, and the properties of the isolated biopolymers were investigated. Degrees of membrane fouling caused by the biopolymers were clearly different depending on the sources, indicating that the characteristics of biopolymers varied with the source. Differences in biopolymers were evident in those molecular weight distribution measurements using LC-OCD and infrared spectra. It was also postulated that biopolymers mainly composed of polysaccharides tended to cause severe irreversible fouling. Analysis of the biopolymers using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring(QCM-D) demonstrated an interesting result; the order of affinity of each isolated biopolymers to the membrane material (i.e. PVDF) was consistent with the order of degrees of membrane fouling observed in the membrane filtration test. In addition, viscoelasticity of the biopolymers assessed by QCM-D may explain reversibility of membrane fouling.

High-flux operation of MBRs with ceramic flat-sheet membranes made possible by intensive membrane cleaning: Tests with real domestic wastewater under low-temperature conditions
Yusuke Ninomiya, Katsuki Kimura, Tsubasa Sato, Takayuki Kakuda, Masashi Kaneda, Akira Hafuka, Toru Tsuchiya
Water Research, 181, 115881, 115881, 115881, Elsevier BV, Aug. 2020, [Peer-reviewed], [Corresponding author]
English, Scientific journal

Anaerobic digestibility of up-concentrated organic matter obtained from direct membrane filtration of municipal wastewater
Akira Hafuka, Taketsugu Takahashi, Katsuki Kimura
Biochemical Engineering Journal, 107692, 107692, Elsevier BV, Jun. 2020, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author]
Scientific journal

Irreversible fouling in hollow-fiber PVDF MF/UF membranes filtering surface water: Effects of precoagulation and identification of the foulant
Katsuki Kimura, Keita Kume
Journal of Membrane Science, 602, 117975, 117975, Elsevier BV, May 2020, [Peer-reviewed], [Lead author, Corresponding author]
Scientific journal

Fouling potential of lipopolysaccharides released at low temperatures in MBRs
T. Kakuda, H. Iwasaki, K. Kimura
Water Science and Technology, 81, 3, 529, 534, IWA Publishing, 01 Feb. 2020, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author, Corresponding author]
Scientific journal,
Sludge filterability in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) fluctuates and affects membrane fouling. Therefore, understanding the reasons for the fluctuations of sludge filterability is important for the efficient operation of MBRs. In this study, a pilot-scale MBR treating municipal wastewater was operated for about 600 days and the variations in sludge filterability were continuously monitored by batch-filtration experiments using the same membranes as in the MBR. To investigate the reasons for the deterioration of sludge filterability, constituents in sludge supernatant were intensively monitored, and the correlations with sludge filterability were determined. The concentration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in sludge supernatant exhibited significantly higher correlation with sludge filterability than did conventional indexes (i.e. polysaccharides and proteins). Size fractions affecting MBR sludge filterability were also investigated, and it was suggested that colloidal LPS deteriorated MBR sludge filterability. Based on the long-term operation of the MBR, increase in colloidal LPS under low temperatures of the mixed liquor suspension was a key factor in the deterioration of sludge filterability. The impact of LPS increasing under low temperatures should be investigated by operating bench-scale MBRs fed with synthetic wastewater in controlled conditions.

DIRECT MEMBRANE FILTRATION (DMF) OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER USING A BIOFILM PROCESS AS A PRE-TREATMENT
SUGIYAMA Toru, YAMAKAWA Mutsumi, TAKAHASHI Taketsugu, HAFUKA Akira, KIMURA Katsuki
Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research), 76, 7, III_227, III_234, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 2020, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author, Corresponding author]
Japanese, Organic matter in municipal wastewater should be regarded as a resource for energy production in future wastewater management. Concentration of organic matter in municipal wastewater is necessary for application of anaerobic digestion. Direct membrane filtration (DMF) of municipal wastewater using microfiltration can easily concentrate organic matter in municipal wastewater. However, severe membrane fouling and high concentration of organic matter in treated water have been identified as problems to be solved. In this study, a biofilm process using sponge carriers was used as a pre-treatment, aiming for mitigating membrane fouling and reducing concentration of organic matter in the permeate. The pretreatment worked efficiently when water temperature was low: membrane fouling could be mitigated while recovery of organic matter was maintained. However, when water temperature was high, the pre-treatment accelerated membrane fouling in the subsequent membrane process. It was probably due to production of biopolymers in the pre-treatment process. To control the fouling caused by such biopolymers, use of chemical cleaning by oxidants (e.g., NaClO) would be effective. When the water temperature was high, the BOD concentration in the DMF permeate was reduced to 7 mg/L, which is almost same the level as that in conventional activated sludge process.

TRACKING CHANGES OF SLUDGE COMPONENTS INVOLVED IN SLUDGE FILTERABILITY IN MBR
NAITO Rin, KAKUDA Takayuki, HAFUKA Akira, KIMURA Katsuki
Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research), 76, 7, III_165, III_171, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 2020, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author, Corresponding author]
Japanese, In this study, changes of sludge components involved in membrane fouling were continuously monitored (>300 days) at a pilot-scale MBR treating real municipal wastewater. It was found that concentrations of colloidal TOC, dissolved lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and biopolymers in the sludge supernatant are strongly correlated with sludge filterability. Size fractions affecting membrane fouling were also investigated, and the results suggested that colloidal matter ranging 0.45-1.0 m, and 5.0-11 µm has significant impact on MBR fouling. Futhermore, isolation of biopolymers from the MBR sludge supernatant was conducted, and their characteristics were compared with sodium alginate which is commonly used as a model biopolymer. Isolated biopolymers caused more severe membrane fouling than did sodium alginate. It was suggested that biopolymers in MBR supernatant have higher fouling potential than that previously estimated by sodium alginate.

CLEANING OF FOULED MEMBRANES USED FOR MBRS BY USING MICROBUBLLES AND NANOBULLES
KIUCHI Soichiro, FERNANDES Helmano, HAHUKA Akira, KIMURA Katsuki
Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research), 76, 7, III_149, III_155, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 2020, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author, Corresponding author]
Japanese, Membrane bioreactor (MBR) has some advantages over the activated sludge method, but the membrane fouling that occurs during MBR operation is a big problem. Microbubbles and nanobubbles, which have been reported to have cleaning effects on various types of stains, may be able to efficiently clean fouled membranes. In this study, we conducted a basic study on the membrane cleaning effect of microbubbles and nanobubbles using bench-scale MBR. A large cleaning effect was confirmed in the immersion cleaning using microbubbles. Although nanobubbles did not exhibit a sufficient cleaning effect in the immersion cleaning, it was confirmed that the cleaning effect equal to or higher than that of the backwashing using chemicals was confirmed by mixing the nanobubbles in the backwashing water together with the granular carrier. It was shown that nanobubbles have a small adverse effect on MBR sludge. Membrane cleaning using microbubbles and nanobubbles may be able to solve various problems associated with membrane cleaning using chemicals.

Distinction between polymeric and ceramic membrane in AnMBR treating municipal wastewater: In terms of irremovable fouling
Z. Liu, Xianzheng Zhu, Peng Liang, Xiaoyuan Zhang, Katsuki Kimura, Xia Huang
Journal of Membrane Science (IF: ), 588, Oct. 2019, [Peer-reviewed]

Energy consumption in a baffled membrane bioreactor (B-MBR): estimation based on long-term continuous operation
T. Miyoshi, T. P. Nguyen, T. Tsumuraya, K. Kimura, Y. Watanabe
Water Science and Technology, 80, 6, 1011, 1021, IWA Publishing, 15 Sep. 2019, [Peer-reviewed]
Scientific journal,
We investigated the operating conditions of a baffled membrane bioreactor (B-MBR) under which long-term stable operation can be achieved through the continuous operation of a pilot-scale B-MBR. Under appropriate operating conditions, the B-MBR was capable of achieving excellent treated water quality in terms of biochemical oxygen demand and concentration of total nitrogen. Excellent removal of total phosphorus was also achieved. In addition, the degree of membrane fouling was acceptable, indicating that stable continuous operation of a B-MBR is possible under the operating conditions adopted in the present study. Estimation of the specific energy consumption in hypothetical full-scale B-MBRs operated under the conditions recommended by the findings was also performed in this study. The results suggest that energy consumption in full-scale B-MBRs would be in the range of 0.20–0.22 kWh/m3. These results strongly suggest that energy consumption in MBR operation can be significantly reduced by applying the concept of a B-MBR.

Membrane fouling caused by lipopolysaccharides: A suggestion for alternative model polysaccharides for MBR fouling research
Katsuki Kimura, Takayuki Kakuda, Hiroyuki Iwasaki
Separation and Purification Technology, 223, 224, 233, Elsevier BV, Sep. 2019, [Peer-reviewed], [Lead author, Corresponding author]
Scientific journal

Anaerobic digestion performance of concentrated municipal sewage by forward osmosis membrane: Focus on the impact of salt and ammonia nitrogen
Yue Gao, Zhou Fang, Peng Liang, Xiaoyuan Zhang, Yong Qiu, Katsuki Kimura, Xia Huang
Bioresource Technology, 204, 210, Mar. 2019, [Peer-reviewed]

Intensive membrane cleaning for MBRs equipped with flat-sheet ceramic membranes: Controlling negative effects of chemical reagents used for membrane cleaning
Katsuki Kimura, Hiroki Uchida
Water Research, 21, 28, Mar. 2019, [Peer-reviewed]

Estimation of Dissolved Organic Foulant during Direct Treatment of Sewage by Forward Osmosis
Youhei NOMURA, Taro MIYOSHI, Tomoya NISHIUCHI, Katsuki KIMURA, Taku FUJIWARA
Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research), 75, 7, III_359, III_365, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 2019, [Peer-reviewed]
Japanese, Scientific journal, Direct treatment of sewage by forward osmosis (FO) using polyamide FO membrane was examined, and the dissolved organic foulant in the sewage was estimated. Filtrated sewage and 3 M sodium chloride solution were used as feed solution (FS) and draw solution, respectively. The permeate flux decreased from 18.7 L/m²/h to 9.9 L/m²/h during 14 h of FO treatment owing to the membrane fouling, whereas the FO membrane rejected 98 % of dissolved organic carbon in FS. The dissolved orgnic matter was partially accumulated in the fouling layer. Analysis using liquid chromatography–organic carbon detection revealed that biopolymer fraction was dominant organic matter in the fouing layer. Although the accumulation of fraction of humic substances, building blocks, and low-molecular weight acids was only 1–2 %, that of biopolymer fraction was above 15 %. The biopolymer fraction is therefore estimated as a key dissolved organic foulant.

Effects of recirculation and separation times on nitrogen removal in baffled membrane bioreactor (B-MBR)
T. Miyoshi, T. Tsumuraya, T. P. Nguyen, K. Kimura, Y. Watanabe
Water Science and Technology, 77, 2803, 2811, Aug. 2018, [Peer-reviewed]

Surface water biopolymer fractionation for fouling mitigation in low-pressure membranes
Katsuki Kimura, Koki Shikato, Yasumitsu Oki, Keita Kume, Stefan A. Huber
Journal of Membrane Science, 554, 83, 89, Elsevier B.V., 15 May 2018, [Peer-reviewed], [Lead author, Corresponding author]
English, Scientific journal

Effective physical cleaning and adequate membrane flux for direct membrane filtration (DMF) of municipal wastewater: Up-concentration of organic matter for efficient energy recovery
Katsuki Kimura, Daisuke Honoki, Taku Sato
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, 181, 37, 43, Jun. 2017, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Efficient control of membrane fouling in MF by removal of biopolymers: Comparison of various pretreatments
Katsuki Kimura, Yasumitsu Oki
WATER RESEARCH, 115, 172, 179, May 2017, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Influence of different biofilm carriers on the operation and membrane fouling of submerged membrane bioreactors
Tokihiro Kurita, Takuma Mogi, Katsuki Kimura
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, 169, 43, 49, Sep. 2016, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Maximizing biopolymer removal by coagulation for mitigation of fouling in the following membrane process
Katsuki Kimura, Nalco Ando
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, 163, 8, 14, May 2016, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Importance of the co-presence of silica and organic matter in membrane fouling for RO filtering MBR effluent
Katsuki Kimura, Saaya Okazaki, Takeya Ohashi, Yoshimasa Watanabe
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, 501, 60, 67, Mar. 2016, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

INFLUENCE OF SIZE OF BIOPOLYMERS IN SURFACE WATER AND PORE SIZE OF MF/UF MEMBRANES ON EVOLUTION OF MEMBRANE FOULING
KIMURA Katsuki, OKI Yasumitsu
Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research), 72, 7, III_535, III_541, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 2016
Japanese, Membrane fouling caused by natural organic matter (NOM) hinders widespread application of microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) to water treatment. In this study, we focused on biopolymers, which are hydrophilic organic matter with large molecular weights and have been reported as primary foulants in recent studies. Influence of size of biopolymers and pore sizes of MF/UF membranes on evolution of membrane fouling was investigated. It was found that coagulation by polyaluminum chloride and anion exchange removed different fractions of biopolymers: coagulation removed biopolymers with large molecular weights (>1,000,000 Da) whereas anion exchange removed biopolymers with small molecular weights (<100,000 Da). Fouling in MF was significantly mitigated when the feed water was treated by coagulation, indicating that biopolymers with large molecular weight were the primary foulants in MF. Pretreatment by anion exchange followed by coagulation substantially removed biopolymers, leading to efficient control of membrane fouling in MF. The high removal of biopolymers by anion exchange followed by coagulation could be attributed to the fact that humic substances were significantly removed by anion exchange: more amounts of coagulant became available to react with biopolymers as a result of elimination of humics. When UF membrane was examined, evolution of irreversible fouling hardly occurred. This could be explained by the size of biopolymers. They could not intrude into pores of the UF membrane. However, small particles rejected by the UF membrane could cause reversible fouling.

Tracking inorganic foulants irreversibly accumulated on low-pressure membranes for treating surface water
Hiroshi Yamamura, Katsuki Kimura, Kumiko Higuchi, Yoshimasa Watanabe, Qing Ding, Akira Hafuka
WATER RESEARCH, 87, 218, 224, Dec. 2015, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Application of glyco-blotting for identification of structures of polysaccharides causing membrane fouling in a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor treating municipal wastewater
Katsuki Kimura, Shin-Ichiro Nishimura, Risho Miyoshi, Asiful Hoque, Taro Miyoshi, Yoshimasa Watanabe
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, 179, 180, 186, Mar. 2015, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Transition of major components in irreversible fouling of MBRs treating municipal wastewater
Katsuki Kimura, Rie Ogyu, Taro Miyoshi, Yoshimasa Watanabe
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, 142, 326, 331, Mar. 2015, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Energy saving in the operation of submerged MBRs by the insertion of baffles and the introduction of granular materials
Tokihiro Kurita, Katsuki Kimura, Yoshimasa Watanabe
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, 141, 207, 213, Feb. 2015, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Mitigation of Membrane Fouling in MBRs by Biomass Carriers
Kimura Katsuki
membrane, 40, 6, 327, 331, THE MEMBRANE SOCIETY OF JAPAN, 2015
Japanese, It is necessary to reduce costs in operation of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for widespread use of the technology. Aeration used for prevention of attachment of biomass on the membrane surface accounts for the largest portion of the total energy consumption in MBRs and therefore should be focused on. Placing biomass carriers in submerged MBRs has been examined and been reported to be effective in mitigation of membrane fouling. In our bench–scale experiments in which a submerged flat–sheet MBR was operated with cylindrical carriers made from PEG, it was estimated that aeration rate in MBRs could be reduced by 50%. This estimation was verified in a pilot–scale MBR treating municipal wastewater. In that pilot–scale experiment, however, it was found that the carriers introduced caused damages on a part of membrane structures. Observations with a high–speed digital camera revealed that carriers moved much more rapidly in the pilot–scale MBR than in the bench–scale MBR. Also, the carriers moved randomly in the pilot–scale MBR whereas they steadily moved up almost perpendicularly in the bench–scale MBR. These differences in the manner of movement of the carriers in the MBRs seemed to explain the difference in the damage of the membrane in the two MBRs. Modification of aeration in the pilot–scale MBR is likely to avoid the damage on the membrane and is now being examined in our laboratory.

Proteins causing membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors
Taro Miyoshi, Yuhei Nagai, Tomoyasu Aizawa, Katsuki Kimura, Yoshimasa Watanabe
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 72, 6, 844, 849, 2015, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Confirmation of the correlation between membrane fouling in microfiltration and biopolymer concentrations in various Japanese surface waters
K. Kimura, K. Tanaka, Y. Watanabe
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-WATER SUPPLY, 15, 2, 288, 293, 2015, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

The influence of granular materials on the operation and membrane fouling characteristics of submerged MBRsh
Tokihiro Kurita, Katsuki Kimura, Yoshimasa Watanabe
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, 469, 292, 299, Nov. 2014, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Rising behaviour of single bubbles in narrow rectangular channels in Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids
Lutz Boehm, Tokihiro Kurita, Katsuki Kimura, Matthias Kraume
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW, 65, 11, 23, Oct. 2014, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Membrane cleaning in membrane bioreactors: A review
Zhiwei Wang, Jinxing Ma, Chuyang Y. Tang, Katsuki Kimura, Qiaoying Wang, Xiaomeng Han
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, 468, 276, 307, Oct. 2014, [Peer-reviewed]
English

Seasonal variation of effective chemical solution for cleaning of ultrafiltration membrane treating a surface water
Hiroshi Yamamura, Katsuki Kimura, Yoshimasa Watanabe
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, 132, 110, 114, Aug. 2014, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Hydrophilic fraction of natural organic matter causing irreversible fouling of microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes
Hiroshi Yamamura, Kenji Okimoto, Katsuki Kimura, Yoshimasa Watanabe
WATER RESEARCH, 54, 123, 136, May 2014, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Toxicity assessment of chlorinated wastewater effluents by using transcriptome-based bioassays and Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FT-MS) analysis
Toshikazu Fukushima, Hiroe Hara-Yamamura, Makoto Urai, Ikuro Kasuga, Futoshi Kurisu, Taro Miyoshi, Katsuki Kimura, Yoshimasa Watanabe, Satoshi Okabe
WATER RESEARCH, 52, 73, 82, Apr. 2014, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Microfiltration of different surface waters with/without coagulation: Clear correlations between membrane fouling and hydrophilic biopolymers
Katsuki Kimura, Ken Tanaka, Yoshimasa Watanabe
WATER RESEARCH, 49, 434, 443, Feb. 2014, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Evaluation of whole wastewater effluent impacts on HepG2 using DNA microarray-based transcriptome analysis
Hiroe Hara-Yamamura, Koji Nakashima, Asiful Hoque, Taro Miyoshi, Katsuki Kimura, Yoshimasa Watanabe, Satoshi Okabe
Environmental Science and Technology, 47, 10, 5425, 5432, 21 May 2013, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Direct membrane filtration of municipal wastewater with chemically enhanced backwash for recovery of organic matter
Shaik Khaja Lateef, Bing Zheng Soh, Katsuki Kimura
Bioresource Technology, 150, 149, 155, Elsevier Ltd, 2013, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Permeability decline in nanofiltration/reverse osmosis membranes fed with municipal wastewater treated by a membrane bioreactor
Katsuki Kimura, Naoko Ogawa, Yoshimasa Watanabe
Water Science and Technology, 67, 9, 1994, 1999, 2013, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Membrane fouling caused by sub-micron particles in a mixed liquor suspension of an MBR
K. Kimura, R. Ogyu, T. Miyoshi, T. Naruse, T. Tsuyuhara, Y. Watanabe
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 67, 11, 2602, 2607, 2013, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Further examination of polysaccharides causing membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs): Application of lectin affinity chromatography and MALDI-TOF/MS
Katsuki Kimura, Ippei Tanaka, Shin-Ichiro Nishimura, Risho Miyoshi, Taro Miyoshi, Yoshimasa Watanabe
WATER RESEARCH, 46, 17, 5725, 5734, Nov. 2012, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Identification of proteins involved in membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) treating municipal wastewater
Taro Miyoshi, Tomoyasu Aizawa, Katsuki Kimura, Yoshimasa Watanabe
INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION, 75, 15, 22, Nov. 2012, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Polysaccharides and Proteins Causing Membrane Fouling
KIMURA Katsuki
MEMBRANE, 37, 5, 230, 234, THE MEMBRANE SOCIETY OF JAPAN, 01 Sep. 2012
Japanese, Application of membrane technology to water purification and wastewater treatment is being accelerated. The main obstacle for wider use of membrane technology is membrane fouling, which can be divided into two types depending on its reversibility: reversible (mostly cake layer) fouling and irreversible fouling. The former type of fouling can be cancelled by physical cleaning such as backwashing or air-souring, whereas the latter needs chemical cleaning to be cancelled. Most of full-scale membrane filtration units are operated with routine physical cleaning and control of irreversible fouling is therefore important. We have focused on characteristics of foulants causing irreversible fouling in membrane processes and have conducted many pilot-scale experiments using real drinking water source and municipal wastewater. Foulants extracted from the fouled membranes were subject to various analysis to investigate the characteristics of foulants. Analysis using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum revealed that foulants that were responsible for irreversible fouling were mainly composed of polysaccharides and proteins regardless of type of application. It was also found that monosaccharide composition and amino acid composition in the foulants significantly varied depending on operational conditions of membrane processes. Detailed information on the foulants that cause irreversible fouling including their structures and origins is being revealed by advanced analytical techniques such as MALDI-TOF/MS. Once the structures of the foulants have been fully identified, it will be possible to specifically monitor the important foulants or microorganisms that produce them, which might enable effective control of membrane fouling. Also, extensive investigation of interactions between the important foulants and various membrane materials/structures should lead to the development of new anti-fouling membranes.

Characteristics of foulants in air-sparged side-stream tubular. membranes used in a municipal wastewater membrane bioreactor
Asiful Hoque, Katsuki Kimura, Taro Miyoshi, Nobuhiro Yamato, Yoshimasa Watanabe
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, 93, 83, 91, Jun. 2012, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Performance of Membrane Bio-Reactor Equipped with Air-Sparged Side-Stream Tubular Membrane: Treatment Efficiency and Membrane Fouling
A. Hoque, T. Miyoshi, K. Kimura, Y. Watanabe
SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 47, 10, 1455, 1463, 2012, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Characteristics of proteins involved in membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) treating municipal wastewater: the application of metaproteomic analyses
Taro Miyoshi, Tomoyasu Aizawa, Katsuki Kimura, Yoshimasa Watanabe
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 34, 1-3, 150, 155, Oct. 2011
English, Scientific journal

Characteristics of proteins involved in membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) treating municipal wastewater: the application of metaproteomic analyses
Taro Miyoshi, Tomoyasu Aizawa, Katsuki Kimura, Yoshimasa Watanabe
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 34, 1-3, 150, 155, Oct. 2011, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Characteristics of proteins involved in membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) treating municipal wastewater: The application of metaproteomic analyses
Taro Miyoshi, Tomoyasu Aizawa, Katsuki Kimura, Yoshimasa Watanabe
Desalination and Water Treatment, 34, 150, 155, Jan. 2011, [Peer-reviewed]

Membrane fouling in nanofiltration/reverse osmosis membranes coupled with a membrane bioreactor used for municipal wastewater treatment
Naoko Ogawa, Katsuki Kimura, Yoshimasa Watanabe
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 18, 1-3, 292, 296, Jun. 2010, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - AQUA. Preface
Stefan Panglisch, Katsuki Kimura, Gary Amy
Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - AQUA, 59, 2-3, 79, 80, 2010
English, Scientific journal

Influence of membrane properties on physically reversible and irreversible fouling in membrane bioreactors
T. Tsuyuhara, Y. Hanamoto, T. Miyoshi, K. Kimura, Y. Watanabe
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 61, 9, 2235, 2240, 2010, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Fouling potentials of polysaccharides in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) assessed by lectin affinity chromatography
T. Miyoshi, I. Tanaka, T. Tsuyuhara, E. Watanabe, T. Aizawa, K. Kimura, Y. Watanabe
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 61, 7, 1787, 1792, 2010, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Elimination of selected pharmaceuticals by biosolids from municipal wastewater treatment plants: importance of modest pH change and degree of mineralization
K. Kimura, H. Hara, Y. Watanabe
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 62, 5, 1084, 1089, 2010, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Seasonal variation in membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) treating municipal wastewater
Taro Miyoshi, Tomoo Tsuyuhara, Rie Ogyu, Katsuki Kimura, Yoshimasa Watanabe
WATER RESEARCH, 43, 20, 5109, 5118, Dec. 2009, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Influence of residual organic macromolecules produced in biological wastewater treatment processes on removal of pharmaceuticals by NF/RO membranes
Katsuki Kimura, Tomonori Iwase, Shusuke Kita, Yoshimasa Watanabe
WATER RESEARCH, 43, 15, 3751, 3758, Aug. 2009, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Changes in characteristics of soluble microbial products in membrane bioreactors associated with different solid retention times: Relation to membrane fouling
Katsuki Kimura, Takuro Naruse, Yoshimasa Watanabe
WATER RESEARCH, 43, 4, 1033, 1039, Mar. 2009, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

The difference in characteristics of foulants in submerged MBRs caused by the difference in the membrane flux
Katsuki Kimura, Taro Miyoshi, Takuro Naruse, Nobuhiro Yamato, Rie Ogyu, Yoshimasa Watanabe
DESALINATION, 231, 1-3, 268, 275, Oct. 2008, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Affinity of functional groups for membrane surfaces: Implications for physically irreversible fouling
Hiroshi Yamamura, Katsuki Kimura, Takaharu Okajima, Hiroshi Tokumoto, Yoshimasa Watanabe
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 42, 14, 5310, 5315, Jul. 2008, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Irreversible membrane fouling in microfiltration membranes filtering coagulated surface water
Katsuki Kimura, Tomohiro Maeda, Hiroshi Yamamura, Yoshimasa Watanabe
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, 320, 1-2, 356, 362, Jul. 2008, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Baffled membrane bioreactor (BMBR) for efficient nutrient removal from municipal wastewater
Katsuki Kimura, Rie Nishisako, Taro Miyoshi, Ryusuke Shimada, Yoshimasa Watanabe
WATER RESEARCH, 42, 3, 625, 632, Feb. 2008, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Mechanism involved in the evolution of physically irreversible fouling in microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes used for drinking water treatment
Hiroshi Yamamura, Katsuki Kimura, Yoshimasa Watanabe
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 41, 19, 6789, 6794, Oct. 2007, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Influence of calcium on the evolution of irreversible fouling in microfiltration/ultrafiltration membranes
Hiroshi Yamamura, Kenji Okimoto, Katsuki Kimura, Yoshimasa Watanabe
JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA, 56, 6-7, 425, 434, Sep. 2007, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Transition in fouling mechanism in microfiltration of a surface water
Hiroshi Yamamura, Soryong Chae, Katsuki Kimura, Yoshimasa Watanabe
WATER RESEARCH, 41, 17, 3812, 3822, Sep. 2007, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Elimination of selected acidic pharmaceuticals from municipal wastewater by an activated sludge system and membrane bioreactors
Katsuki Kimura, Hiroe Hara, Yoshimasa Watanabe
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 41, 10, 3708, 3714, May 2007, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Modification of submerged membrane bioreactors (MBRs) by inserting baffles: pilot scale study
K. Kimura, M. Enomoto, Y. Watanabe
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 55, 7, 119, 126, 2007, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Difference in membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) caused by membrane polymer materials
Nobuhiro Yamato, Katsuki Kimura, Taro Miyoshi, Yoshimasa Watanabe
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, 280, 1-2, 911, 919, Sep. 2006, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Influence of dissolved organic carbon and suspension viscosity on membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactor
Y Watanabe, K Kimura, T Itonaga
SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 41, 7, 1371, 1382, 2006, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Irreversible fouling in MF/UF membranes caused by natural organic matters (NOMs) isolated from different origins
Katsuki Kimura, Hiroshi Yamamura, Yoshimasa Watanabe
SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 41, 7, 1331, 1344, 2006, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Membrane fouling in pilot-scale membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) treating municipal wastewater
K Kimura, N Yamato, H Yamamura, Y Watanabe
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 39, 16, 6293, 6299, Aug. 2005, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Removal of pharmaceutical compounds by submerged membrane bioreactors (MBRs)
K Kimura, H Hara, Y Watanabe
DESALINATION, 178, 1-3, 135, 140, Jul. 2005, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Effect of pre-coagulation on mitigating irreversible fouling during ultrafiltration of a surface water
K Kimura, Y Hane, Y Watanabe
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 51, 6-7, 93, 100, 2005, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Baffled membrane bioreactor (BMBR) for advanced wastewater treatment: Easy modification of existing MBRS for efficient nutrient removal
K Kimura, Y Watanabe
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 52, 10-11, 427, 434, 2005, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Rejection of neutral endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) by RO membranes
K Kimura, S Toshima, G Amy, Y Watanabe
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, 245, 1-2, 71, 78, Dec. 2004, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

起源を異にする溶存有機物による不可逆的膜ファウリング
山村寛, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公
環境工学研究論文集, 41, 257, 267, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 25 Nov. 2004
Japanese, Membrane filtration has been gaining popularity in the various field. However, membrane fouling is an obstacle for wider application of this technology. Especially, the control of irreversible membrane fouling, which can be defined as fouling requiring chemical reagents to be mitigated, is of importance. The aims of this study were (i) to investigate the degree of irreversible fouling caused by different organic matters and (ii) to characterize the faulants that caused irreversible fouling. In this study, four different organic matters (commercially available humic acid, organic matters isolated from two drinking water sources and a wastewater treatment effluent) and membranes (two microfiltration (ME) membranes and two ultrafiltration (UF) membranes) were used. It was observed that the permeate flux did not decline in the UF membranes while there was a large flux decline in the MF membranes. Especially, a rapid flux decline was observed with the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. The extents of fouling in the MF membranes were strongly depended on both the types of organic matters and membrane materials. A series of chemical analyses such as fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM), specific UV adsorbance (SUVA) and ion chromatography (IC) were applied to elucidate which fractions of organic matter caused the irreversible fouling. SUVA of faulants was significantly lower than was determined for the feed water. This implies that the faulants had hydrophilic features. The results with EEM and IC also confirmed that a variety of hydrophilic compounds such as polysaccharide or protein-like compounds contributed to the formation of the irreversible fouling observed in this study.

Irreversible membrane fouling during ultrafiltration of surface water
K Kimura, Y Hane, Y Watanabe, G Amy, N Ohkuma
WATER RESEARCH, 38, 14-15, 3431, 3441, Aug. 2004, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Influence of suspension viscosity and colloidal particles on permeability of membrane used in membrane bioreactor (MBR)
T Itonaga, K Kimura, Y Watanabe
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 50, 12, 301, 309, 2004, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Rejection of organic micropollutants (disinfection by-products, endocrine disrupting compounds, and pharmaceutically active compounds) by NF/RO membranes
K Kimura, G Amy, JE Drewes, T Heberer, TU Kim, Y Watanabe
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, 227, 1-2, 113, 121, Dec. 2003, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Adsorption of hydrophobic compounds onto NF/RO membranes: an artifact leading to overestimation of rejection
K Kimura, G Amy, J Drewes, Y Watanabe
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, 221, 1-2, 89, 101, Aug. 2003, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Nitrate removal by a combination of elemental sulfur-based denitrification and membrane filtration
K Kimura, M Nakamura, Y Watanabe
WATER RESEARCH, 36, 7, 1758, 1766, Apr. 2002, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

膜濾過と生物膜を組み合わせた高度浄水処理プロセスに関する研究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
水道協会雑誌, 81(4), 10, 2002, [Peer-reviewed]

Performance and membrane foulant in the pilot operation of a novel biofilm-membrane reactor
K Kimura, Y Watanabe
2ND WORLD WATER CONGRESS: DRINKING WATER TREATMENT, 2, 2, 177, 183, 2002, [Peer-reviewed]
English, International conference proceedings

A novel biofilm-membrane reactor for advanced drinking water treatment - pilot scale study
K Kimura, Y Watanabe, N Ohkuma
MEMBRANES IN DRINKING AND INDUSTRIAL WATER PRODUCTION II, 1, 5-6, 157, 168, 2001, [Peer-reviewed]
English, International conference proceedings

Kinetic analysis of nitrifying biofilm growing on the rotating membrane disk
K Kimura, Y Watanabe, S Okabe, H Satoh
WATER SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY: WATER SUPPLY, VOL 1, NO 4, 1(4), 111, 4, 111, 118, 2001, [Peer-reviewed]
English, International conference proceedings

Filtration resistance and efficient cleaning methods of the membrane with fixed nitrifiers
K Kimura, Y Watanabe, N Ohkuma
WATER RESEARCH, 34, 11, 2895, 2904, Aug. 2000, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Membrane application to water purification process in Japan - development of hybrid membrane system
Y Watanabe, K Kimura, T Suzuki
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 41, 10-11, 9, 16, 2000, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Membrane filtration resistance caused by nitrifiers oxidizing low concentrations of ammonia.
KIMURA Katsuki, WATANABE Yoshimasa
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH, 36, 287, 294, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 1999
Japanese, The authors have proposed a novel membrane process for drinking water treatment in which nitrifiers are fixed on the membrane surface. With this proposed membrane process, strict solid-liquid separation by membrane filtration and oxidation of ammonia can be performed simultaneously. Fixed nitrifiers are supposed to cause membrane filtration resistance to some extent. The magnitude of the filtration resistance caused by the fixed nitrifiers for oxidizing low concentrations of ammonia was evaluated in this study. Experimental results showed that the fixation of the nitrifiers on the membrane surface had a little influence on the increase of the filtration resistance. Most of the resistance was caused by trace inorganic and organic substances contained in the feed water (tap water). The filtration resistance was divided into the cake resistance and the irreversible fouling resistance. The nitrifiers for the oxidation of low concentrations of ammonia seemed to increase the cake resistance a little and hardly cause the irreversible fouling.

A study on filtration resistance in the membrane process where ammonia oxidizers are fixed on the membrane surface.
Katsuki Kimura, Yoshimasa Watanabe, Naoki Ohkuma
Journal of Environmental Systems and Engineering, 608, 608, 87, 95, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 1998, [Peer-reviewed]
Japanese, The authors have developed a novel membrane process in which ammonia oxidizers are fixed on the membrane disk. In this study, the characteristics of the membrane filtration resistance was investigated. The results derived from this study were summarized as follows: (1) The magnitude of the filtration resistance was strongly affected by the initial inoculation. (2) The filtration resistance due to the accumulated cake was found to be dominant. (3) Increasing the disk rotational speed was found to be efficient for removing cake. About 3000 hours of the operation could be continued by only implementing this simple cleaning method every 500 hours. (4) Filtration resistance excluding the cake resistance seemed to be caused by humic substances and extracellular polymeric substance produced by biomass.

Filtration resistance induced by ammonia oxidizers accumulating on the rotating membrane disk
K Kimura, Y Watanabe, N Ohkuma
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 38, 4-5, 443, 452, 1998, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

A novel biofilm-membrane reactor for ammonia oxidation at low concentrations
Y Watanabe, K Kimura, S Okabe, G Ozawa, N Ohkuma
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 36, 1, 51, 60, 1997, [Peer-reviewed]
English

NITRIFICATION PERFORMANCE OF THE BIOFILMS FIXED ON THE ROTARY DISK MEMBRANE FOR LOW NH_4^+-N CONCENTRATIONS
KIMURA Katsuki, WATANABE Yoshimasa, OHKUMA Naoki
Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, 552, 552, 43, 52, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 1996, [Peer-reviewed]
Japanese, For the oxidation of low concentrations of NH₄⁺-N, the authers have developed a novel biofilm-membrane reactor, in which biomass is fixed on the surface of rotating membrane disks. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows: (1) The NH₄⁺-N oxidation efficiency of the biofilm-membrane rector is much higher than that of conventional biofilm reactors. This is explained by the two major reasons, i. e., increasing NH₄⁺-N flux to the biofilm by advection and high rotational speed, and obtaining the treated water from the bottom of the biofilm. (2) Bacterial extracellular polymers seem to have severe influences on the membrane clogging. By adjusting the quantity of fixed biomass, however, the operation could be continued as long as 1000 hours without any cleaning.

膜を利用した水処理技術に関する近年の動向
山村寛, 大和信大, 保科克行, 茂木拓真, 戸田光, 木村克輝, 大熊那夫紀, 水環境学会誌, 47(A), 12, 2024

膜分離活性汚泥法(MBR)における膜ファウリングの制御—Control of Membrane Fouling Occurring in Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs)—特集 水処理技術における混相流
木村 克輝, 混相流 = Japanese journal of multiphase flow, 36, 2, 180, 186, Jun. 2022
日本混相流学会, Japanese

バッチ式反応器での異なる水素添加量に対するBiological Biogas Upgradingの応答—第34回環境システム計測制御学会(EICA)研究発表会
新田 大知, 大下 和徹, 高岡 昌輝, 日下部 武敏, 伊藤 竜生, 佐藤 夏紀, 水野 志穂, 木村 克輝, 羽深 昭, EICA : journal of EICA : 環境システム計測制御学会誌 / 学会誌「EICA」編集委員会 編, 27, 2・3, 119, 124, 2022
環境システム計測制御学会, Japanese

大型実証プラントにおける仕切板挿入型MBRの処理性,運転性及び省エネ性の検証
グェン タンフォン, 田村尚也, 円谷輝美, 張亮, 前島崇, 大熊健治, 木村克輝, 山村寛, 渡辺義公, 下水道研究発表会講演集, 59th, 2022

都市下水処理MBRから回収したバイオポリマーの膜ファウリング発生ポテンシャル
角田貴之, 内藤りん, 鈴木綾菜, 羽深昭, 山村寛, 木村克輝, 膜シンポジウム(CD-ROM), 34, 2022

バッチ式反応器による水素添加メタン発酵の検討—Hydrogen-supplemented methane fermentation in batch reactor—京都大学環境衛生工学研究会 第43回 シンポジウム講演論文集
新田 大知, 大下 和徹, 高岡 昌輝, 日下部 武敏, 髙橋 滋敏, 小中原 亨, 水野 志穂, 木村 克輝, 羽深 昭, 環境衛生工学研究 = Environmental & sanitary engineering research : 京都大学環境衛生工学研究会機関誌, 35, 3, 100, 102, Jul. 2021
京都大学環境衛生工学研究会, Japanese

Development of a High Phosphate Ion Selective-Passive Sampler
奥田雄眞, 羽深昭, 木村克輝, 高津文人, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 55th, 2021

Fouling Control in Concentration of Municipal Wastewater for Recovery of Organic Matter with Flat-sheet Ceramic Membranes
高橋威胤, 杉山徹, 伊藤結衣, 羽深昭, 木村克輝, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 55th, 2021

Methane fermentation of sewage sludge by an anaerobic membrane bioreactor and phosphate adsorption from filtrate
稲垣誠吾, 羽深昭, 木村克輝, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 55th, 2021

Impact of Low Temperature Shock on Changes in MBR Sludge Components and Sludge Filterability
角田貴之, 内藤りん, 鈴木綾菜, 羽深昭, 木村克輝, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 55th, 2021

Quantitative Analysis of Pathogenic and Indicator Viruses at a Wastewater Treatment Plant with Pilot-scale MBR
石崎知依, 木村克輝, 岡部聡, 北島正章, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 55th, 2021

Isolation and Characterization of Biopolymers in Drinking Water Sources
冨永勘太, 永井梨奈, 羽深昭, 木村克輝, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 55th, 2021

大型実証プラントにおける仕切板挿入型MBRの運転性と膜ファウリング進行
田村尚也, グェン タンフォン, 円谷輝美, 張亮, 前島崇, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 下水道研究発表会講演集, 58th, 2021

大型実証プラントにおける仕切板挿入型MBRの省エネルギー効果の検証
グェン タンフォン, 田村尚也, 円谷輝美, 張亮, 前島崇, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 下水道研究発表会講演集, 58th, 2021

下水中有機物回収を行う高負荷MBRにおけるファウリング抑制
佐賀サムエル旗生, ロコ マイケル, 羽深昭, 木村克輝, 下水道研究発表会講演集, 58th, 2021

都市下水の直接膜ろ過に組み込み可能な栄養塩回収方法の開発
伊藤結衣, 杉山徹, 高橋威胤, 羽深昭, 木村克輝, 下水道研究発表会講演集, 58th, 2021

環境技術思想-持続可能な社会に向かって 第13講 下水道を創エネルギーインフラへ転換する膜処理技術
木村克輝, 月刊下水道, 44, 8, 65, 69, 2021
環境新聞社, Japanese

Hydrogen-supplemented methane fermentation in batch reactor
新田大知, 大下和徹, 高岡昌輝, 日下部武敏, 高橋滋敏, 小中原亨, 水野志穂, 木村克輝, 羽深昭, 環境衛生工学研究, 35, 3, 2021

サイズ分画した表流水中バイオポリマーの膜ファウリングポテンシャル評価
永井梨奈, 冨永勘太, 木村克輝, 全国会議(水道研究発表会)講演集, 2020, 2020

セラミック平膜を用いた浄水処理における膜ファウリングの抑制
坂本秀樹, 久米啓大, 土屋達, 木村克輝, 全国会議(水道研究発表会)講演集, 2020, 2020

Baffled membrane bioreactor: Efficient nutrient removal, operational energy reduction, and modeling
Katsuki Kimura, Usman Rehman, Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 59, 73, 2020, [Invited]
Elsevier, Introduction other

凝集処理のUF膜ファウリング抑制効果:MF膜との比較
久米啓太, 鹿戸皇希, 木村克輝, 全国会議(水道研究発表会)講演集, 2018, 2018

膜分離活性汚泥法(MBR)の効率化に向けて
三好太郎, 円谷輝美, PHONG Nguyen Thanh, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会シンポジウム講演集, 20th, 281‐282, 26 Sep. 2017
Japanese

仕切板挿入型MBRにおいて汚泥越流/分断時間比が窒素除去に及ぼす影響
三好太郎, 円谷輝美, グェン タンフォン, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 下水道研究発表会講演集, 54th, 203‐205, 03 Jul. 2017
Japanese

Performance of a baffled membrane bioreactor (BMBR) operated with sponge biomass carriers: Substantial reduction in operational energy
K. Kimura, S. Yamamoto, Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 4, 153, 158, 01 Jan. 2017

粒状担体の投入と散気装置の改良による浸漬型MBRの曝気量削減
栗田宗大, 山本昌平, 飯田稔彦, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 50th, 58, 10 Mar. 2016
Japanese

担体投入型BMBRにおける曝気量削減が膜ファウリング及び処理水質に与える影響
山本昌平, 栗田宗大, 飯田稔彦, 木村克輝, 下水道研究発表会講演集, 53rd, 2016

精密ろ過膜の表面に蓄積したフミン酸,多糖類,タンパク質の質及び量の経時変化
山村寛, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 全国会議(水道研究発表会)講演集, 2015, 184, 185, 18 Sep. 2015
Japanese

浸漬型MBR槽内における粒状担体の流動性と膜洗浄効果の評価
栗田宗大, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 下水道研究発表会講演集, 52nd, 227, 229, 01 Jul. 2015
日本下水道協会, Japanese

スポンジ担体の投入による浸漬型MBRにおける膜ファウリングの制御
内田大貴, 栗田宗大, 木村克輝, 下水道研究発表会講演集, 52nd, 2015

下水処理を行うフルスケールMBRより採取した閉塞膜の詳細分析
栗田宗大, 木村克輝, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 49th, 2015

MBR汚泥性状が粒状担体の膜ファウリング抑制効果に及ぼす影響
栗田宗大, 茂木拓真, 安彦健斗, 中島貴史, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 48th, 276, 17 Mar. 2014
Japanese

膜ろ過の凝集前処理において撹拌強度がナノ粒子の挙動に及ぼす影響
大木康充, 安藤菜子, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 48th, 90, 17 Mar. 2014
Japanese

膜ファウリングの発生と水道原水中バイオポリマー濃度の相関
田中健, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 48th, 89, 17 Mar. 2014
Japanese

異なる微生物担体による浸漬型MBRの膜ファウリング抑制効果
茂木拓真, 栗田宗大, 木村克輝, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 48th, 2014

Current Research in Drinking Water Treatment with Membrane Technology
山村 寛, 木村 克輝, 水環境学会誌, 36, 12, 430, 438, Dec. 2013
日本水環境学会 ; 1992-, Japanese

遺伝子発現解析に基づく再生水中残留医薬品の毒性評価
中島弘司, 原(山村)宏江, 木村克輝, 岡部聡, 三好太郎, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 47th, 412, 11 Mar. 2013
Japanese

ヒト由来培養細胞を用いた塩素消毒下水処理水の毒性評価
福島寿和, 木村克輝, 岡部聡, 三好太郎, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 47th, 516, 11 Mar. 2013
Japanese

膜分離活性汚泥法において膜ファウリングに関与しているタンパク質の解析
三好太郎, 相沢智康, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 47th, 265, 11 Mar. 2013
Japanese

細胞応答に基づいた膜処理再生水中の毒性画分の探索―粒径に着目して
原(山村)宏江, HOQUE Asiful, 木村克輝, 岡部聡, 三好太郎, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 47th, 517, 11 Mar. 2013
Japanese

粒状担体の投入がMBRの運転効率および膜ファウリング特性に与える影響 (第50回下水道研究発表会講演集)
栗田 宗大, 木村 克輝, 渡辺 義公, 下水道研究発表会講演集, 50, 331, 333, 2013
日本下水道協会, Japanese

槽外型MBRにおいて膜ファウリングに関与しているタンパク質の解析
三好太郎, 永井悠平, 相沢智康, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 環境工学研究フォーラム講演集, 49th, 93, 95, 28 Nov. 2012
Japanese

NF膜による微量有機成分の除去機構
吉本みどり, LATEEF Shaik khaja, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 環境工学研究フォーラム講演集, 49th, 119, 120, 28 Nov. 2012
Japanese

槽外型MBRに装着したセラミック膜における膜ファウリング原因物質の分析
安井信人, 木村克輝, 大和信大, 三好太郎, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 46th, 356, 14 Mar. 2012
Japanese

トキシコゲノミクス的アプローチを用いた再生水の水質評価~残留医薬品の影響~
中島弘司, 原宏江, HOQUE Asiful, 木村克輝, 岡部聡, 三好太郎, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 46th, 93, 14 Mar. 2012
Japanese

トキシコゲノミクス的アプローチを用いた膜処理再生水の水質評価の試み
原(山村)宏江, HOQUE Asiful, 木村克輝, 岡部聡, 中島弘司, 三好太郎, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 46th, 74, 14 Mar. 2012
Japanese

MBR膜ファウリング多糖のMALDI‐TOFMS分析における試料調製条件の検討
田村尚也, 木村克輝, 三好太郎, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 46th, 353, 14 Mar. 2012
Japanese

運転条件の異なる膜分離活性汚泥法における膜透過水fluxと曝気風量の関連
三好太郎, 工藤憲三, 渡辺義公, 木村克輝, 相沢智康, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 46th, 345, 14 Mar. 2012
Japanese

担体投入に伴うMBRの運転効率の改善
栗田宗大, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 衛生工学シンポジウム論文集, 20th, 2012

担体投入が浸漬型MBRにおける膜ファウリングの発生に及ぼす影響
栗田宗大, 木村克輝, 三好太郎, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 46th, 2012

槽外型セラミック膜に装着したセラミック膜における膜ファウリング
安井信人, 三好太郎, 大和信大, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 環境工学研究フォーラム講演集, 48th, 94, 96, 25 Nov. 2011
Japanese

Changes in characteristics of soluble microbial products in membrane bioreactors associated with different solid retention times : Relation to membrane fouling
木村 克輝, 水環境学会誌 = Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment, 34, 8, 244, 244, 10 Aug. 2011
Japanese

膜分離活性汚泥法において膜ファウリングを引き起こしているタンパク質のメタプロテオーム解析
三好太郎, 相沢智康, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集(CD-ROM), 66th, ROMBUNNO.VII-067, 05 Aug. 2011
Japanese

MBRの化学薬品洗浄における薬液使用順序および洗浄方法が洗浄効率に与える影響
渡辺江梨, 木村克輝, 三好太郎, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 45th, 229, 18 Mar. 2011
Japanese

逆洗を行う中空糸膜における膜長さ方向の膜ファウリング進行度の分布
笹口真幹, 木村克輝, 山村寛, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 45th, 224, 18 Mar. 2011
Japanese

膜分離活性汚泥法において膜ファウリングに関与しているタンパク質の構造解析を通じた膜ファウリング発生機構の検討
三好太郎, 渡辺義公, 相沢智康, 木村克輝, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 45th, 227, 18 Mar. 2011
Japanese

槽外型MBRに装着したセラミック膜における膜ファウリング
安井信人, 木村克輝, 三好太郎, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 45th, 230, 18 Mar. 2011
Japanese

都市下水再生処理を行うNF/RO膜におけるファウリング物質蓄積状況の経時追跡
大橋威哉, 木村克輝, 三好太郎, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 45th, 232, 18 Mar. 2011
Japanese

担体投入に伴うMBRの運転効率の改善
栗田宗大, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 45th, 2011

担体投入に伴うMBRの運転効率の改善
栗田宗大, 三好太郎, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 環境工学研究フォーラム講演集, 48th, 2011

膜分離活性汚泥法において膜ファウリングに関与しているタンパク質の構造解析
三好太郎, 相沢智康, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 環境工学研究フォーラム講演集, 47th, 118, 120, 12 Nov. 2010
Japanese

前処理にMBRを用いたNF/RO膜のファウリング物質
小川菜穂子, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 44th, 520, 15 Mar. 2010
Japanese

レクチンを用いたMBR内溶存態糖類のファウリングポテンシャルの評価
田中一平, 三好太郎, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 44th, 521, 15 Mar. 2010
Japanese

膜分離活性汚泥法(MBR)において膜ファウリングに関与しているタンパク質のプロテオーム解析
三好太郎, 木村克輝, 相沢智康, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 44th, 95, 15 Mar. 2010
Japanese

Membrane Filtration in Water and Wastewater Treatment
Y. Watanabe, K. Kimura, Treatise on Water Science, 4, 23, 61, 01 Jan. 2010
Elsevier, English

健全な水環境と水循環の創造のための膜技術
木村 克輝, 水環境学会誌 = Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment, 31, 12, 738, 10 Dec. 2008
Japanese

都市下水処理を行うNF/RO膜における膜ファウリング
小川菜穂子, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 環境工学研究フォーラム講演集, 45th, 32, 34, 28 Nov. 2008
Japanese

MF/UF膜ろ過における物理的に不可逆的な膜ファウリングの原因物質及び発生機構に関する研究
山村寛, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会シンポジウム講演集, 11th, 231, 236, 17 Sep. 2008
Japanese

Origin of Foulants in Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) Treating Municipal Wastewater
三好太郎, 成瀬拓朗, 大給理江, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 水環境学会誌, 31, 9, 541, 548, 10 Sep. 2008
The origin of foulants that causes physically irreversible fouling in pilot-scale membrane bioreactors (MBRs) treating real municipal wastewater was investigated. Utilization-associated products (UAP), biomass-associated products (BAP), and organic matter contained in the raw wastewater could be considered as potential sources of foulants in MBRs. Organic matter contained in the raw wastewater and BAP were characterized to assess their contributions to the evolution of physically irreversible fouling. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEM), and monosaccharide/amino acid composition analysis were used to characterize the organic matter. The results revealed that the organic matter contained in the raw wastewater was minor among the foulants regardless of the SRT. The characteristics of the foulant of the MBR operated with a long SRT were relatively similar to those of BAP, while no obvious similarity was observed between the characteristics of BAP and that of the foulant in the MBR operated with a short SRT. It was suggested that the contribution of UAP to the physically irreversible fouling increases as the SRT is shortened. The foulant of the MBR operated with a short SRT exhibited a higher specific filtration resistance than that of the MBR operated with long SRT. UAP causes severe physically irreversible fouling and it is important to minimize the accumulation of UAP in the mixed liquor of MBRs., Japan Society on Water Environment, Japanese

Caによるファウリング促進機構に関する研究
山村寛, 木村克輝, 沖本賢司, 渡辺義公, 全国水道研究発表会講演集, 59th, 168, 169, 01 May 2008
Japanese

河川水のMF膜ろ過において膜ファウリングを発生させるNOM画分
木村克輝, 上原敏裕, 山村寛, 渡辺義公, 全国水道研究発表会講演集, 59th, 164, 165, 01 May 2008
Japanese

高度下水処理中に残存する有機物がNF/RO膜処理における医薬品除去に与える影響
岩瀬智典, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 42nd, 409, 19 Mar. 2008
Japanese

MBRの活性汚泥混合液中に含まれるサブミクロン粒径画分の特性
大給理江, 三好太郎, 露原智央, 成瀬拓朗, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 42nd, 172, 19 Mar. 2008
Japanese

河川水のMF膜ろ過においてファウリングに関与するNOMの粒径画分
上原敏裕, 山村寛, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 42nd, 58, 19 Mar. 2008
Japanese

原子間力顕微鏡を用いたMF膜表面における多糖類様成分の付着力の測定
山村寛, 木村克輝, 岡嶋孝治, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 42nd, 56, 19 Mar. 2008
Japanese

様々な表流水有機物中の親水性画分による膜ファウリング
沖本賢司, 山村寛, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 42nd, 60, 19 Mar. 2008
Japanese

MF膜を用いた河川水ろ過におけるファウリング原因物質の変化
樋口久美子, 山村寛, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 42nd, 57, 19 Mar. 2008
Japanese

Control of physically irreversible fouling in microfiltration by pre-coagulation
山村寛, 前田智宏, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 環境工学研究論文集, 44, 135, 141, 16 Nov. 2007
A long-term filtration experiment with a microfiltration membrane was carried out at an existing water purification plant and the influence of pre-coagulation on the evolution of physically irreversible fouling was investigated. Coagulation carried out at pH 7 mitigated the evolution of physically irreversible fouling. It was found that the degree of physically reversible fouling increased as a result of coagulation. Chemical analysis of the foulant desorbed by NaOH or HCl solution showed that pre-coagulation could prevent the fouling caused by iron, but could not control the fouling caused by organic matters. Particle size distribution of iron in the feed water implied that physically irreversible fouling was caused by the iron of size close to the micro-pores of the membrane (around 0.1μm) when coagulationwas not carried out. The pre-coagulation enlarged the size of iron particles, and would prevent the evolution of physically irreversible fouling. Based on the results obtained in this study, for the control of physically irreversible fouling, the optimum condition of coagulation is determined as follows: the one that can enlarge particles in the feed water with the size that is close to opening of membrane micro-pores., Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Japanese

MBR‐NF/RO膜処理を用いた都市下水からの中性医薬品の除去
岩瀬智典, 喜多修介, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集(CD-ROM), 62nd, Disk 2, ROMBUNNO.7-246, 01 Sep. 2007
Japanese

MF膜の不可逆的膜ファウリングに寄与するNOM画分
山村寛, 沖本賢司, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集(CD-ROM), 62nd, Disk 2, ROMBUNNO.7-244, 01 Sep. 2007
Japanese

都市下水のMBR処理におけるF/M比と膜ファウリング物質特性の関連性
大給理江, 三好太郎, 成瀬拓朗, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集(CD-ROM), 62nd, Disk 2, ROMBUNNO.7-191, 01 Sep. 2007
Japanese

仕切板挿入型MBRを用いた都市下水からの栄養塩除去
木村克輝, 西迫里恵, 渡辺義公, 下水道研究発表会講演集, 44th, 151, 153, 29 Jun. 2007
日本下水道協会, Japanese

河川水のUF膜濾過におけるファウリング物質の特性
山村寛, CHAE Soryong, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 全国水道研究発表会講演集, 58th, 200, 201, 25 Apr. 2007
Japanese

前凝集条件がMF膜濾過の処理水質および膜ファウリングに及ぼす影響
木村克輝, 前田智宏, 渡辺義公, 全国水道研究発表会講演集, 58th, 202, 203, 25 Apr. 2007
Japanese

MBRにおいて逆洗方法の差異が膜ファウリングに及ぼす影響
成瀬拓朗, 三好太郎, 山村寛, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 41st, 230, 15 Mar. 2007
Japanese

膜分離活性汚泥法と標準活性汚泥法における医薬品の除去機構
原宏江, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 41st, 365, 15 Mar. 2007
Japanese

NF/RO膜を用いた医薬品除去における共存有機物マトリックスの影響
岩瀬智典, 原宏江, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 41st, 35, 15 Mar. 2007
Japanese

Membrane Bioreactorにおける膜ファウリングの進行に関与する有機物の特性解析
三好太郎, 成瀬拓朗, 大給理江, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 41st, 226, 15 Mar. 2007
Japanese

MF膜を用いた河川水ろ過におけるファウリング機構の経時変化
山村寛, CHAE Soryong, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 41st, 449, 15 Mar. 2007
Japanese

原水水質変動に起因するUF膜ファウリング原因物質の変化
山村寛, 蔡小龍, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集(CD-ROM), 61st, Disk 2, ROMBUNNO.7-003, 01 Sep. 2006
Japanese

MBR‐NF/RO膜処理を用いた都市下水からの医薬品の除去
岩瀬智典, 原宏江, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集(CD-ROM), 61st, Disk 2, ROMBUNNO.7-061, 01 Sep. 2006
Japanese

MF膜におけるファウリングの原因物質に関する研究―膜の材質の違いによる閉塞成分の差異―
山村寛, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 全国水道研究発表会講演集, 57th, 218, 219, 25 Apr. 2006
Japanese

MBRを用いた都市下水処理における槽内水組成と膜ファウリングの関係
大和信大, 三好太郎, 成瀬拓朗, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 40th, 360, 15 Mar. 2006
Japanese

都市下水処理を行うMBRにおける膜ファウリング物質の特性解析―膜材質の影響―
三好太郎, 大和信大, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 40th, 358, 15 Mar. 2006
Japanese

膜分離活性汚泥法と標準活性汚泥法における医薬品除去性の比較
原宏江, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 40th, 354, 15 Mar. 2006
Japanese

仕切板挿入型MBRによる都市下水高度処理に関する研究
島田隆右, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 40th, 361, 15 Mar. 2006
Japanese

Hybrid membrane bioreactor for water recycling and phosphorus recovery
Y Watanabe, K Kimura, WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 53, 7, 17, 24, 2006
English, Book review

前凝集/ＭＦ膜処理において凝集条件が膜ファウリングに及ぼす影響
前田 智宏, 木村 克輝, 渡辺 義公, 衛生工学シンポジウム論文集, 13, 235, 238, 16 Nov. 2005
北海道大学衛生工学会, Japanese

都市下水処理を行うMBRにおいて発現する膜ファウリングに関する研究
三好 太郎, 大和 信大, 木村 克輝, 渡辺 義公, 衛生工学シンポジウム論文集, 13, 231, 234, 16 Nov. 2005
北海道大学衛生工学会, Japanese

河川水UF膜ろ過における不可逆的膜ファウリングの原因物質
山村 寛, 木村 克輝, 渡辺 義公, 衛生工学シンポジウム論文集, 13, 227, 230, 16 Nov. 2005
北海道大学衛生工学会, Japanese

Influence of Operating Condition and Suspension Characteristics on Membrane Fouling in Membrane Bioreactors
大和信大, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 水環境学会誌, 28, 11, 663, 669, 10 Nov. 2005
In this study, the influence of the food-to-microorganism ratio (F/M) and permeate flux on membrane fouling was investigated using pilot-scale membrane bioreactors (MBRs) fed with actual municipal wastewater. Membrane fouling rate was affected by both F/M and permeate flux. It was shown that the influence of permeate flux on the membrane fouling rate was more significant than that of F/M. Batch filtration experiments were conducted to evaluate the degree of irreversible fouling caused by different fractions (suspended solids, colloids, soluble matter) in the mixed liquor of MBRs. From the results of the batch experiments, it was revealed that (a) irreversible fouling was caused mainly by the soluble fraction, and (b) irreversible fouling became significant when the MBR operated with a high F/M and a short solid retention time. There was a relationship between the fouling rate and the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) particles in the mixed liquor, whose size was between 0.2 μm and 0.5 μm. The concentration of organic matter with an apparent molecular weight of around 1MDa was also correlated with the fouling rate. These two constituents in the mixed liquor suspension seemed to affect membrane fouling., Japan Society on Water Environment, Japanese

Membrane Bioreactorにおける膜材質の差異が膜ファウリング進行に及ぼす影響
三好太郎, 大和信大, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集(CD-ROM), 60th, Disk 2, ROMBUNNO.7-035, 20 Aug. 2005
Japanese

前凝集/MF膜処理において凝集条件が膜閉塞及び処理水質に及ぼす影響
前田智宏, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集(CD-ROM), 60th, Disk 2, ROMBUNNO.7-020, 20 Aug. 2005
Japanese

膜を用いた高度下水処理による医薬品除去
原宏江, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 39th, 42, 17 Mar. 2005
Japanese

Membrane Bioreactorを用いた都市下水処理における膜ファウリングに関する研究
大和信大, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 環境工学研究論文集, 41, 269, 278, 25 Nov. 2004
This study examined the influence of operating conditions on membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) used for municipal wastewater treatment. Also, the mechanism of fouling evolution was investigated based on both pilot-scale and lab-scale experiments. Three pilot-scale MBRs were operated for about 100 daysat an existing municipal wastewater treatment facility. In the long-term operation, probably because aeration intensitywas enough to avoid formation of cake layer on the membrane surface, reversible fouling was not significant (i. e., irreversibletype of fouling dominated). The lab-scale experiments demonstrated that dissolved organic matter (DOM) accumulating in the reactors was likely to be responsible for the irreversible fouling. DOM loading on the membrane surface was found to influence the degree of total filtration resistance. It was revealed that changes in the composition of DOM (e. g., decrease in specific UV absorbance) in the reactors were also related to the irreversible fouling. Especially, dissolved sugar and dissolved protein contained in the mixed liquor played an important role in the development of the irreversible fouling., Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Japanese

下水処理水中に含まれる有機物によるMF膜ファウリング
山村寛, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集(CD-ROM), 59th, Disk 2, 7, 072, 01 Sep. 2004
Japanese

逆浸透膜を用いた非荷電EDCs/PhACsの除去
木村克輝, 戸島志保, 渡辺義公, 土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集(CD-ROM), 59th, Disk 2, 7, 070, 01 Sep. 2004
Japanese

MBR(Membrane Bioreactor)を用いた都市下水処理システムにおける女性ホルモン様物質の挙動に関する研究
久保広明, 渡辺義公, 岡部聡, 木村克輝, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 38th, 363, 17 Mar. 2004
Japanese

溶存有機物特性が中空糸膜ファウリングの進行に及ぼす影響
山村寛, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 38th, 318, 17 Mar. 2004
Japanese

Developing the new leachate treatment system using membrane bioreactor of anaerobic ammonia oxidation type and establishing the safety evaluation method of treated water using DNA chip.
渡辺義公, 岡部聡, 木村克輝, 第4回廃棄物対策研究発表会成果発表抄録集 平成16年度廃棄物対策研究推進事業, I.35-I.37, 2004
Japanese

Advanced municipal wastewater treatment by a novel membrane bioreactor: simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a single reaction chamber
糸永貴範, 笹川学, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 環境工学研究論文集, 40, 1, 10, 14 Nov. 2003
In this study, a novel membrane bioreactor (MBR) in which nitrification and denitrification simultaneously proceed in a single reaction chamber is proposed for advanced municipal wastewater treatment. Anoxic/aerobic conditions are separately created in the proposed MBR by inserting baffles inside of the membrane chamber and consequently simultaneous nitrification/denitrification can be carried out The technology established in this study can easily be applied to almost all of existing MBRs. Pilot-scale experiment to examine performance of the proposed MBR was carried out at an existing municipal wastewater treatment plant In this paper, experimental results obtained in the pilot study are shown. Inserting baffles inside the membrane chamber actually increased removal of nitrogen by 30%. Coagulation and sedimentation were carried out in the pilot study for pre-treatment of the MBR. Removal efficiency in terms of total organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen determined for whole treatment system (i. e., coagulation/sedimentation/the proposed MBR) was attained to 91.5%, 97.2%, and 66.2%, respectively. Increase in transmembrane pressure difference was minimal in the pilot operation. It was demonstrated that high quality effluent and mitigation of membrane fouling could simultaneously be achieved by the proposed MBR., Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Japanese

MBR(Membrane Bioreactor)を用いた下水処理水の安全性評価およびMicropollutantsの挙動に関する研究
久保広明, 岡部聡, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集(CD-ROM), 58th, Disk 2, VII-085, 01 Sep. 2003
Japanese

都市下水のMBR処理における不可逆的膜ファウリング削減に関する研究
三浦佑己, 糸永貴範, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集(CD-ROM), 58th, Disk 2, VII-128, 01 Sep. 2003
Japanese

河川水UF膜ろ過における不可逆的膜ファウリングに及ぼす前凝集沈殿の影響
木村克輝, 羽根康史, 渡辺義公, 土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集(CD-ROM), 58th, Disk 2, VII-126, 01 Sep. 2003
Japanese

疎水性低分子量有機物のNF/RO膜への吸着
木村克輝, 渡辺義公, AMY G, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 37th, 44, 04 Mar. 2003
Japanese

河川水UF膜ろ過における不可逆的膜ファウリングに関する検討
羽根康史, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, AMY G, 日本水環境学会年会講演集, 37th, 489, 04 Mar. 2003
Japanese

前凝集・膜分離活性汚泥法における膜ファウリング要因についての検討
久保広明, 松宮知, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集(CD-ROM), 57th, VII-153, 01 Sep. 2002
Japanese

Advanced Drinking Water Treatment by the Membrane with Fixed Biofilm　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Journal of Japan Water Works Association, 71(4), 10, 2002

前凝集沈殿・膜分離活性汚泥法による都市下水の高度処理
田辺 耕平, 木村 克輝, 松宮 知, 渡辺 義公, 衛生工学シンポジウム論文集, 9, 203, 208, 01 Nov. 2001
北海道大学衛生工学会, Japanese

生物膜と分離膜を組み合わせた高度浄水処理プロセス
羽根 康史, 木村 克輝, 渡辺 義公, 大熊 那夫紀, 衛生工学シンポジウム論文集, 9, 197, 202, 01 Nov. 2001
北海道大学衛生工学会, Japanese

高度浄水処理における低水温時リン添加の影響
羽根康史, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集 第7部, 56th, 384, 385, 01 Sep. 2001
Japanese

膜分離活性汚泥法における蓄積溶解性有機成分と膜透過性能の関係
松宮知, 田辺耕平, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集 第7部, 56th, 376, 377, 01 Sep. 2001
Japanese

前凝集と膜分離活性汚泥法を組み合わせた都市下水処理における栄養塩除去性の向上に関する研究
田辺耕平, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集 第7部, 56th, 442, 443, 01 Sep. 2001
Japanese

単体硫黄を利用した独立栄養性脱窒と膜分離の組み合わせによる硝酸性窒素の除去
木村克輝, 中村公彦, 渡辺義公, 全国水道研究発表会講演集, 52nd, 312, 313, 27 Apr. 2001
Japanese

配水過程における生物膜生成能に及ぼす異なる浄水処理プロセスの影響
小鍛冶利彦, 岡部聡, 渡辺義公, 木村克輝, 全国水道研究発表会講演集, 52nd, 278, 279, 27 Apr. 2001
Japanese

回転平膜モジュールのスポンジ洗浄に関する基礎検討
照井茂樹, 吉川慎一, 大西真人, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 環境工学研究フォーラム講演集, 37th, 22, 24, 13 Nov. 2000
Japanese

前凝集・膜分離活性汚泥法を用いた都市下水の高度処理
木村克輝, 鈴木秀孝, 渡辺義公, 土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集 第7部, 55th, 84, 85, 31 Aug. 2000
Japanese

Simultaneous processing of nitrification and denitrification with sulfur using a membrane bioreactor.
中村公彦, 木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 環境工学研究フォーラム講演集, 36th, 37, 39, 15 Nov. 1999
Japanese

Kinetic analysis of biofilm attached to surface of separation membrane.
木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 岡部聡, 佐藤久, 土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集 第7部, 54th, 430, 431, 01 Aug. 1999
Japanese

Membrane filtration resistance caused by nitrifiers oxidizing low concentrations of ammonia
Environmental Engineering Research, 36, 287, 1999

Simultaneous removal of suspended matter and ammonia using the rotating flat membrane process.
木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 大熊那夫紀, 土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集 第7部, 53rd, 184, 185, Oct. 1998
Japanese

Removal of manganese and arsenic using dipping type MF.
渡辺義公, 木村克輝, 大和信大, 笠原伸介, 土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集 第7部, 53rd, 242, 243, Oct. 1998
Japanese

Filtration resistance of biofilm clinged to rotary flat film surface.
木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 大熊那夫紀, 土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集 第7部, 52nd, 370, 371, Sep. 1997
Japanese

Integration of separation membrane and biofilm using rotating flat plate membrane module.(II).
木村克輝, 渡辺義公, 大熊那夫紀, 土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集 第7部, 51st, 184, 185, Aug. 1996
Japanese

Nitrification performance of biofilms fixed on the rotating membrane disk.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Journal of Environmental Systems and Engineering, 552, 43, 1996

分離膜・生物膜一体型リアクターの開発
木村 克輝, 渡辺 義公, 大熊 那夫紀, 衛生工学シンポジウム論文集, 3, 1, 6, 01 Nov. 1995
北海道大学衛生工学会, Japanese

回転平膜モジュールを用いた分離膜と生物膜の一体化
木村克輝, 土木学会第50回年次学術講演会講演集2B論文集, 1076, 1077, 1995

2014 - Present
日本膜学会　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

細菌及び藻類より回収したバイオポリマーの特性及び膜閉塞抑制手法の解明
科学研究費助成事業
01 Apr. 2022 - 31 Mar. 2025
三好 太郎, 木村 克輝
日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(C), 国立保健医療科学院, 22K04389

進化型MBRによる下水からの有機物回収：下水道の創エネルギーインフラへの転換
科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A)
05 Apr. 2021 - 31 Mar. 2025
木村 克輝, 西村 紳一郎, 羽深 昭
ベンチスケールのMBR実験システムを構築し、実下水処理場に実験装置を設置して連続ろ過実験を繰り返し実施した。本研究で提案・確立を行うエネルギー回収型MBRでは深刻な膜ファウリングの発生が確実に起こるため、これに対処するための担体を用いた機械的洗浄と薬品併用逆洗（CEB）を実施しながら連続ろ過運転を行った。HRT、SRT、DOを様々に変化させて実験を行い、有機物回収率、膜ファウリング発生度、処理水水質のそれぞれが高いレベルで調和するような運転条件の探索を試みた。HRTを極短の1.5-2時間、SRTも極短の0.5日とすることで、有機物回収率（初沈流入水に対して）は70％を超過する結果が得られた。実下水を用いた実験であったことからDOを一定範囲に制御することが難しく、MBR内のDO濃度は大きく変動した（1-7 mg/L）。処理水中のCOD濃度は20 mg/L程度となり、高い有機物回収率と処理水中の有機物濃度低減を同時に達成可能であることを実証した。膜ファウリングの発生については、CEBに用いる次亜塩素酸の濃度が洗浄効果に大きな影響を及ぼすことを観察した。本年度の研究では50-1000 ppmの範囲でCEBに用いる次亜塩素酸の濃度を変化させたが、最も安定したMBRの運転が可能になったのは次亜塩素酸の濃度を50 ppmに設定した時であった。過度に高い薬品濃度は微生物からの有機物放出を誘引し、MBR内の汚泥ろ過性を低下させるものと考えられた。CEBに用いる次亜塩素酸濃度を50 ppm とし、正味の膜透過水フラックスを20 LMHに設定した実験では５日間程度はほとんど膜ファウリングが発生しない状況を繰り返し観察した。
日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(A), 北海道大学, 21H04569

Concentration of organic matter in municipal wastewater by membrane processes with extremely intensive membrane cleaning: sewage systems can be transformed into energy generating infrastructures
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
29 Jun. 2018 - 31 Mar. 2021
Kimura Katsuki
Organic matter in municipal wastewater can be recovered and concentrated by using direct membrane filtration (DMF) adequately, which leads to net-generation of energy from wastewater. Flat-sheet ceramic membranes are physically and chemically robust, and therefore intensive membrane cleanings that cannot be used with polymeric membranes can be used. In this study, DMF of municipal wastewater by flat-sheet ceramic membranes was investigated. With the aid of intensive physical and chemical cleaning, long-term operations under high membrane fluxes were possible. In addition, switching the feed from of the influent of the primary sedimentation basin to the effluent, very short-period aeration, alternative use of acid and oxidant in chemically enhanced backwash were found to be effective for mitigation of membrane fouling in DMF.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Pioneering), Hokkaido University, 20K20351

Fundamental control of membrane fouling based on detailed information on biopolymers in surface water
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
01 Apr. 2018 - 31 Mar. 2021
Kimura Katsuki
In previous studies, the importance of biopolymers (hydrophilic organic macro-molecules) in evolution of fouling of membranes filtering surface water was pointed out. In this study, a new method for isolation of biopolymers from surface water was established. It was found that the new method provided significantly high rates of recovery and purity of biopolymers. Physical-chemical properties and fouling potentials of the biopolymers isolated from various drinking water sources were investigated. It turned out that the properties isolated from natural water were considerably different from those of model biopolymers (e.g., alginate) used often in previous researches. Fouling potentials of the isolated biopolymers were assessed by using QCM. Information obtained by this assessment could be used for efficient selection of materials for new anti-fouling membranes.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Hokkaido University, 18H03789

Micro algae production system using purified municipal wasterwater by membrane bioreactor
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
01 Apr. 2016 - 31 Mar. 2019
Watanabe Yoshimasa
Treated municipal wastrwater by MBR was reused for the cultivation of microalgae. Microalgae can be use as the source of protein for theaquaculture. The results obtained in the research can be summarized as follows:
1) MBR: Buffled MBR can be operated by controlling the cycle time in bMBR and ORP in the inner part of buffles to maintain the optomum nitrogen oncentration for the microalgae cultivation. Operation nerg of bMBR was reduced to 0.2 kwh/m3 by using the long (3 m) and high density PTFE membrane module, 2)MIcroalgare:P. Ellipoidea was selected which has the optimum growth pH of 3.0. Protein content of about 18% was obtained, which is almost the same as a sardine.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Chuo University, 16H04440

Control of membrane fouling by specific removal of polysaccharides using glycoblotting
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
01 Apr. 2015 - 31 Mar. 2018
Kimura Katsuki
Biopolymers, defined as hydrophilic organic macromolecules in natural water, have been identified as major players in membrane fouling. In this study, glycoblotting, which was developed to specifically capture oligosaccharides in the field of medical science, was applied for establishing a new pre-pretreatment for membrane processes in water treatment. Removal of biopolymers was limited under a normal temperature. However, use of catalysts such as aniline or oxidants enabled to remove biopolymers via glycoblotting under a normal temperature. It was suggested that biopolymers detected by the conventional method should be further fractionated to investigate membrane fouling caused by biopolymers. Modified liquid chromatography with organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) analysis enabled the further fractionation of biopolymers.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University, 15H04063

New approach to control gastroenteritis viruses in wastewater reclamation and reuse by taking advantage of glycomics information
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
01 Apr. 2014 - 31 Mar. 2017
Sano Daisuke
This study aims to find a new approach to control gastroenteritis viruses in wastewater treatment processes by taking advantage of glycan-recognition of viruses. Firstly, glycans that can be captured by norovirus particles were identified by glycan microarray. Based on the glycan microarray results, GD1a positive bacteria were isolated from environmental water samples. Microfiltration of norovirus in the presence of HBGA-positive bacteria was then performed. HBGA-producing genes were identified to track HBGA-positive bacteria in wastewater treatment processes. Finally, the removal of rotavirus HAL1166, which and recognize HBGA, with microfiltration membrane was investigated.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Hokkaido University, 26249075

Development of Membrane Bioreactor with less nergy consumption and multi^function
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
21 Oct. 2013 - 31 Mar. 2016
watanabe yoshimasa, KIMURA Katsuki, YAMAMURA Hiroshi, SATOH Hisashi, HAFUKA Akira
A pilot plant study of the buffled MBR with PTFE membranes of 3 m long ,which can achieve simultaneous removal of BOD, T-N and T-P in a single reacto, was carried out. As the results, stabler removal of BOD, T-N and T-P was observed, and the electric power consumption rate of 0.35 kWh/m3 was obtained. It is very low compared with the existing MBR.We developted a nove PTFE hollow fiber MF membrane module with intensive air diffuser. A series of small pilot plant experiment showed a quite low electric power consumption is possible in the MBR with the novel module. P recovery from the MBR exess sludge was possible when the effluent from the MBR was treated through the column filled with zirconia mezo-structured paricles. Anaerobic MBR with a MF hollowfiber membrane incoorated with zirukonium mes- structured particles has a high potential for the phosphate recovery from the excess sludge.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Chuo University, 25249073

Control of membrane fouling based on structures of polysaccharides revealed by application of glyco-blotting
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
01 Apr. 2012 - 31 Mar. 2015
KIMURA Katsuki, HINOU Hiroshi, AIZAWA Tomoyasu
Enrichment of polysaccharides by glyco-blotting, in which polysaccharides are specifically purified via interactions between the aldehydes in the polysaccharides and aminooxy groups on glycoblotting beads, enabled MALDI-TOF/MS analysis at a high resolution. Structures of polysaccharides extracted from fouled membranes used in a pilot-scale MBR and those in the supernatant of the mixed liquor suspension in the MBR were investigated. It was demonstrated that the overlap between polysaccharides found in the supernatants and those extracted from the fouled membrane was limited, implying that polysaccharides that dominate in supernatants may not be important in membrane fouling in MBRs. Analysis using a bacterial carbohydrate database suggested that capsular polysaccharides (CPS) and/or lipo-polysaccharides (LPS) play an important role in the evolution of membrane fouling in MBRs.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University, 24360212

Development of Resources Oriented Sanitation System Based on the Concept "Don't Mix" and "Don't Collect" Wastewater
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)
11 May 2009 - 31 Mar. 2014
FUNAMIZU NAOYUKI, TAKAHASHI Masahiro, OHTAKI Masahiro, ISODA Hiroko, USHIJIMA Ken, KIMURA Katsuki, ITO Ryusei, GUIZANI Mokhtar, HAN Junkyu, KAKIMOTO Takashi, ONODA Yu
The new resources oriented sanitation system based on the concept "Don't mix" and "Don't collect" wastewater is proposed in this study. The newly developed element technologies for the resource oriented systems for three situations (rural area and urban slum area in developing countries and a rural area in Japan) include 1) composting type toilet; 2) urine volume reduction ; 3) Nitrogen and Phosphorus recovery from urine; 4) farming technologies for wise reuse recovered urine and compost; 5) gray water reclamation; 6) bio-assay system for toxicity assessment of reclaimed water and 7) assessment method for evaluating inactivation level of pathogens in composting.
Material flow analysis on Nitrogen, Phosphorus and water has shown the feasibility of the newly developed system at the rural area in Burkina Faso and the urban slum in Indonesia.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S), Hokkaido University, 21226013

Control of membrane fouling in MBRs on the basis of proteome analysis and measurements of atomic force
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A)
2009 - 2011
KIMURA Katsuki
In this study, structure of proteins that were involved in membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors(MBRs) was investigated. Proteins causing membrane fouling were obtained from fouled membranes used in an MBR treating municipal wastewater. Modification of sample pre-treatment enabled application of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and the protein causing membrane fouling could be separated on the basis of molecular weights and isoelectric points. The separated proteins were subjected to amino acid sequence analysis. It was shown that outer membrane proteins of bacteria belonging to the genus Pseudomonas played an important role in the evolution of membrane fouling in MBRs.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A), Hokkaido University, 21686050

ナノ構造物を表面に固定した新規機能性膜の開発
科学研究費助成事業 挑戦的萌芽研究
2008 - 2009
木村 克輝, 定金 正洋
水処理各方面で様々な種類の分離膜が導入され始めているが、未だに主流技術とはなりえていない。その主な原因は膜ファウリングに伴う運転コストの増加および溶解性低分子量成分の除去性である。本研究は、ナノスケールでの規則的かつ立体的な構造制御が可能となっているカーボンナノファイバーを分離膜表面に固定することで、従来は考えられなかった新機能を有する分離膜創生を行い、上述した問題の解決を目指すものである。21年度は、平膜状アルミナ多孔体上にカーボンナノファイバーを固定化する条件の最適化を検討し、以下の条件を確立した。平膜状アルミナ多孔体(WhatmanアルミナフィルターAnodisc 25)を0.3M硝酸ニッケルのエタノール溶液に浸し、超音波バス中で10分間超音波処理を行った。そめ後、硝酸ニッケル溶液から平板状アルミナ多孔体を取り出し、この硝酸ニッケル溶液の染み込んだ平板状アルミナ多孔体を300度に加熱している焼成炉に1時間入れ、アルミナ多孔体中の硝酸ニッケルを酸化ニッケルに変換した。その後、この酸化ニッケルを担持した平板状アルミナ多孔体をメタンガス流通下(毎分20ml)、550度で2時間反応させることにより、カーボンナノファイバーを生成させた。この方法により平板状アルミナ多孔体上全てにカーボンナノファイバーを生成させることが出来ることが確認できた
日本学術振興会, 挑戦的萌芽研究, 北海道大学, 20656083

Optimization of advanced wastewater treatment systems using membrane technology on the basis of behavior of pharmaceutical compounds
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A)
2006 - 2008
KIMURA Katsuki
従来型の下水処理技術では除去が難しい医薬品類による水環境及び水道水源の汚染が顕在化している。本研究では、次世代の下水処理技術として注目されている膜処理を用いた場合の医薬品除去性について検討した。膜分離活性汚泥法やナノろ過、逆浸透処理による医薬品の除去性は従来型下水処理と比較して大幅に高くなる。生物処理部の操作条件はシステム全体における医薬品除去性に大きな影響を及ぼすことが明らかとなった。また、下水処理過程において医薬品は完全に分解されるわけではなく、構造が特定されない中間生成物として放流されるものがあることを示した。
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A), Hokkaido University, 18686043

Identification and quantification of fecal pollutions by using genetic and chemical markers
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
2003 - 2004
OKABE Satoshi, KIMURA Katsuki
Identification and quantification of microbial contaminants of fecal origin are major priority in the control of drinking and recreational water qualities. In this study, we proposed a new PCR-based approach using 16S rRNA gene markers of enteric anaerobes, Bacteroides-Prevotella spp for discriminating human, cow, and pig fecal contamination in environmental waters without culturing indicator organisms. One human-, three cow-, and two pig-specific Bacteroides-Prevotella 16S rRNA genetic markers were identified based on 16S rRNA gene clone libraries constructed from each fecal samples, respectively. Host-specific markers suggested that there are species composition differences in Bacteroides-Prevotella community in feces of each host species. Additionally, all host-specific genetic markers were detected in river water collected from area frequently contaminated with fecal pollution. We further developed a real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay to quantify each host-specific genetic marker in fecal and environmental water samples. First we designed host-specific primers for the real-time PCR assay and validated their specificity on human, cow, and pig fecal samples. The real-time PCR detection of serially diluted DNA extracted DNA from pure cultured B.fragilis and plasmid DNAs was linear ranging from 4.0 to 4.0×10^5 copies/PCR and 6.0×10^1 to 6.0×10^8 copies/PCR, respectively. Using a simple filtration method, the quantification limit of newly developed qPCR assay was 10-70 genetic marker copies/100mL. Second, we applied this qPCR assay with each host-specific primer set to ratural river for over one year and confirmed that our qPCR assay could discriminate human, cow, and pig sources of fecal contamination with high specificity. These results implied that the qPCR assay described here should be widely applicable for monitoring spatial and temporal fluctuations in specific fecal contaminations in natural environments.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 15360283

EDCs/PhACsの水中有機成分との結合及び膜処理による除去に関する研究
科学研究費助成事業 若手研究(B)
2003 - 2004
木村 克輝
本年度は、膜分離活性汚泥法(Membrane bioreactor, MBR)による医薬品由来化合物(PhACs)除去性の検討を行った。MBRは膜を用いた次世代の下水処理技術として注目されている技術であるが、PhACsのMBRによる除去性に関する検討例は現時点でほとんど存在していない。実験は、実都市下水処理場に設置したパイロットスケールのMBRを用いて行った。標準活性汚泥法を採用している実都市下水処理場最終沈殿池流出水中のPhACs濃度とMBR処理水中のPhACs濃度を比較することにより、MBRのPhACs除去性について評価した。検討の対象としたPhACsのうち、clofibric acid、ibuprofen、ketoprofen、naproxen、fenoprofen、mefenamic acid、diclofenac、primidone、carbamazepineの9種類のPhACsが流入下水から検出された。今回検討の対象としたPhACsは、各処理プロセスにおける除去性によって3つのグループに分けることができた。ibuprofenはMBRと活性汚泥法の両方において良好に除去されていたが、diclofenacはどちらの処理法によっても顕著な除去は観察されなかった。また、ketoprofen、mefenamic acid、naproxen、fenoprofen、clofibric acidは活性汚泥法よりもMBRにおいて効果的に除去されていた。これらのPhACs除去性とPhACsの構造との関連性に着目すると、PhACsの構造に含まれるベンゼン環数が除去性に大きな影響を及ぼしているようであった。構造中のベンゼン環数が1つのibuprofenについては、MBRと活性汚泥法は同程度の除去性を示したが、ベンゼン環数が2つのketoprofen、mefenamic acid、naproxen、fenoprofenについては活性汚泥法よりもMBRにおいて良好な除去が達成された。ベンゼン環とハロゲン基をそれぞれ2つ有するdiclofenacはMBR/活性汚泥法の双方において顕著な除去は観察されなかった。PhACsの構造中にベンゼン環やハロゲン基が多く存在する物質ほど生物処理による除去が困難になるものと推測される。MBR/活性汚泥法間におけるPhACs除去性の差異は、両プロセスにおけるSRTの長短によるものであったと考えられる。MBRではSRTを極めて長く設定できるため、増殖速度の遅い微生物種が増殖できることに加え、元々存在していた微生物がPhACsに対して代謝活性を獲得する可能性がある。
日本学術振興会, 若手研究(B), 北海道大学, 15760404

Hybrid municipal wastewater treatment system for recovering the reclaimed water and phosphorous resource
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
2002 - 2004
WATANABE Yoshimasa, OKABE Satoshi, KIMURA Katsuki
A novel membrane Bioreactor(MBR) in which nitrification and denitrification simultaneously proceed in a single reaction chamber has been proposed for advanced municipal wastewater treatment. Anoxia/aerobic conditions are separately created in the proposed MBR by inserting baffles inside of the membrane chamber and consequently simultaneous nitrification/denitriication can be carried out. The technology established in this study can easily be applied to almost all of existing MBR's. Pilot-scale experiment to examine performance of the proposed MBR was carried out at an existing municipal wastewater treatment plant. Inserting baffles inside the membrane chamber actually increased removal of nitrogen by 30%.
In order to evaluate the reclaimed water quality, new method for detecting the indicator microorganisms. Molecular microbiological procedures such as T-RFLP and Real-Time PCR areused to detect the both bacteria. We can distinguish their original among human, cow and pig. We have successfully applied the new method in Toyohira River basin. Ortho-phosphate ion in aqueous solution could be effectively trapped in the zirconium sulfate-surfactant micelle mesostructure (ZS). The reaction proceeded through anion exchange between HSO_4-and OH-in ZS and HPO_3-. Maximum sorption capacity of ZS for HPO3-was330 μmol/gZS. This value is 1.6 times higher than the existing best sorbent. The microbial community structure of a pilot-scale conventional membrane bioreactor (CMBR), hybrid MBR (HMBR) and a full-scale activated sludge (AS) process, treating the same municipal wastewater, were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques. Both techniques demonstrated that the HMBR supported a significantly different microbial community structure comparing with the CMBR and with that of a full-scale AS process. FISH analysis revealed also that the population of Chloroflexi bacteria (formerly known as green nonsulfur bacteria), in the CMBR was four times greater than the HMBR and two times greater than the AS process.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 14205077

水中溶存有機物の分画・評価　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
科学研究費補助金
2000 - 2004
Competitive research funding

膜ファウリング機構に関する研究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
科学研究費補助金
2000 - 2004
Competitive research funding

Characterization of dissolved natural organic matter　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research
2000 - 2004
Competitive research funding

A study on membrane fouling mechanism　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research
2000 - 2004
Competitive research funding

Development of Effective Cleaning and Pre-treatment for Membrane Filtration
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
2000 - 2001
WATANABE Yoshimasa, KIMURA Katsuki
Effects of coagulation/sedimentation as a pretreatment on the dead-end ultafiltration(UF) membrane was studied in terms of membrane fouling and removal efficiency of natural dissolved organic carbon, using Chitose River water. Two types of experimental runs were carried out. One was bench scale membrane filtration with Jar-test and the other was continuous membrane filtration equipped with jet mixed separator as a unit of coagulation/sedimentation. In the bench scale experiment, effects of coagulant dosage, pH and operating pressure on membrane fouling and removal efficiency of natural dissolved organic matter were investigated. In the continuous membrane filtration experiment, we also investigated the reduction of membrane fouling and the removal efficiency of natural dissolved organic matter. Coagulation/sedimentation prior to membrane filtration process increased the removal efficiency of natural dissolved organic matter and improved the membrane filterability.
We investigated the effects of physical cleaning on the UF membrane fouling in dead-end and outside-inside mode operation under a constant flux. By the air-scrubbing combined with the back washing, the irreversible cake resistance was drastically decreased, comparing with the back washing only. By monitoring the increase in trans-membrane pressure and analyzing the quality of wastewater caused by physical cleaning, it may be explained that the high molecular weight humic substances and suspended particles removed by membrane were effectively lifted and sheared by air-scrubbing. From the experimental results using physical cleaning with different times of air-scrubbing and back washing, and air-scrubbing intensity, it was found that the longer the air-scrubbing and back washing and the stronger the air-scrubbing, the higher the cleaning effect. But there exists the optimum condition of physical cleaning.
For the control of membrane fouling and improvement of water quality, ozoneation process was used as a pretreatment of microfiltration(MF). Effect of ozone dosage and residual ozone in MF permeate were investigated in terms of membrane fouling and removal efficiency of organic and inorganic matter. Removal efficiency of humic substances in case of pre-ozonation was 1.5-2.0 times higher compared to the case of direct filtration of Chitose river water. But, the removal of TOC in the case of pre-ozonation was somewhat lower than the case of direct filtration of Chitose river water. In case of ozone oxidation followed by air-scrubbing and ozonation alone, removal efficiency of manganese are about 90 %, 50 %, respectively. AOC in case of pre-ozonation was 2.5-8.2 times higher compared with the case of direct filtration of Chitose river water. Pre-ozonation improved the membrane filterability. Especially, when residual ozone exists in permeate, high permeate flux and low operation pressure were achieved in constant pressure mode and constant flux mode., respectively. The reasons of improved of membrane filterabilty by using pre-ozonation may be considered as follows : Firstly, degradation of high molecular weight organic matter, mainly humic substances. Secondly, the improvement of physical cleaning effect against organic and inorganic matter accumulated in the membrane.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University, 12450210

原水水質に対応した合理的膜選択による膜閉塞制御に関する研究
科学研究費助成事業 奨励研究(A)
2000 - 2001
木村 克輝
本年度は、有機物濃度の高い水道水源(江別市千歳川表流水)および有機物濃度の低い水道水源(札幌市豊平川表流水)を対象として、三次元励起・蛍光スペクトル(EEMs)、各種樹脂を用いるLeenheerの方法による溶存有機物のキャラクタリゼーションを行い、両者の関係を考察した。この結果、比較的短時間で得ることのできるEEMsから、Leenheerの方法による有機物の分画結果を予測しうることがわかった。並行して千歳川表流水、豊平川表流水それぞれを用いたパイロットスケール膜ろ過実験を実浄水場において行い、長期間にわたり実験を継続することによって膜を閉塞させた。これらの膜の一部分を採取し、膜を閉塞させた有機成分を酸・アルカリなどの各種薬品により抽出するとともに、抽出前後の膜透過性能の変化を小型膜ろ過モジュールによって評価した。薬品によって抽出された成分のEEMsを検討することによって、溶存有機物中のどのような画分が膜閉塞、特に不可逆的な膜閉塞に深く関与しているかを検討した。この結果、不可逆的な膜閉塞は主に疎水的酸性成分によって引き起こされていることが示唆された。強アルカリを用いて有機成分の抽出を行う際には、膜本体からの親水性成分の漏出が無視できない量となった、この部分の影響をどのように除去しうるかが課題として残されている。今後はより広範な範囲の水・膜の組み合わせについて本研究で開発した膜閉塞成分検討法を適用してゆくことで、原水水質に対応した合理的膜選択手法の確立に近づくことができるものと考えられる。
日本学術振興会, 奨励研究(A), 北海道大学, 12750489

メンブレンバイオリアクターの最適化　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
ＪＳＴ戦略的創造研究推進制度（研究チーム型） （戦略的基礎研究推進事業：ＣＲＥＳＴ）
1997 - 2001
Competitive research funding

Optimization of membrane bioreactor　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
JST Basic Research Programs (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology :CREST)
1997 - 2001
Competitive research funding

Hybrid Wastewater Treatment System for Water Reuse and P Recovery
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
1996 - 1998
WATANABE Yoshimasa, KIMURA Katsuki, OKABE Satoshi, TADANO Toshiaki
1) This research dealt with the coagulation characteristics of polysilicato-iron (PSI), a new inorganic polymer coagulant, when it was applied to coagulate algae and municipal wastewater. The experimental results obtained with jar tests indicate that PSI was more effective than PAC and AS in coagulating and separating Microcystis sp. and Stephanodiscus sp. When the jet mixed separator (JMS) was used as a unit of simultaneous flocculation and sedimentation, PSI had almost the same effect as PAC at the same dosage of 5 mg/l Al or Fe in coagulating municipal wastewater.
2) This research has developed a novel membrane process in which ammonia oxidizers are fixed en the membrane disk. In this study, the characteristics of the membrane filtration resistance was investigated The results derived from this study were summarized as follows : (1) The magnitude of the filtration resistance was strongly affected by the initial inoculation. (2) The filtration resistance due to the accumulate cake was found to be dominant. (3) Increasing the disk rotational speed was found to be efficient for removing cake. About 3000 hours of the operation could be continued by only implementing this simple cleaning method every 500 hours. (4) Filtration resistance excluding the cake resistance seemed to be caused by humic substances and extracellular polymeric substance produced by biomass.
3) The density of ammonia-oxidizers which formed dense cell cluster was about 5 times higher in the innermost biofilm than in the middle and surface of the biofilm. Due to the presence of ammonia-oxidizers throughout the biofilm, ammonium oxidation zone was expanded with increasing in oxygen penetration depth, which consequently resulted in an increase of the overall ammonium flux into the biofilm. Specific ammonium oxidation rate was dependent upon the density of ammonia-oxidizers.
4) Phosphorus deficiency induces the synthesis of acid phosphatases in roots of lupin and other plant species. In this study we examined the induction of secretory acid phosphatase (S-Apase) at both the molecular and cellular levels. Lupin plants had increased levels of total acid phosphatase activity within two to five days after P was withered and levels approximately doubled by 15 days. Lateral roots and not main taproots were responsible for this increase in acid phosphatase activity. Immunoblot analysis using antibodies raised against a purified S-Apase showed that the synthesis of this protein was induced as early as 2 days in the P deficient treatment and that levels dramatically increased by 15 days. In contrast, no immunoreactive polypeptide was evident from crude extracts prepared from root tissues of-P treated plants.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 08458160

膜を用いた新しい用廃水処理システムの開発　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Competitive research funding

医薬品の水処理過程中における動態　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Competitive research funding

Development of a novel water /wastewater system using membrane technology　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Competitive research funding