Toda Yasunori

Faculty of Engineering Applied Physics Solid State Physics and EngineeringProfessor
Institute for the Advancement of Higher EducationProfessor
Last Updated :2026/01/07

■Researcher basic information

Researchmap personal page

Research Keyword

  • optical vortex
  • coherent spectroscopy
  • time-resolved spectroscopy
  • high-Tc
  • exciton

Research Field

  • Natural sciences, Semiconductors, optical and atomic physics
  • Nanotechnology/Materials, Optical engineering and photonics

Educational Organization

■Career

Career

  • Apr. 2012 - Present
    北海道大学 工学(系)研究科(研究院), 教授
  • 1999 - 2011
    北海道大学 工学(系)研究科(研究院), 准教授
  • Apr. 1996 - Aug. 1999
    The University of Tokyo, Institute of Industrial Science, 学振特別研究員、助手

Educational Background

  • Apr. 1993 - Mar. 1996, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering
  • Apr. 1991 - Mar. 1993, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering
  • Apr. 1987 - Mar. 1991, Tokyo Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Dept. of Organic and Polymeric Materials

Committee Memberships

  • Apr. 2022 - Present
    応用物理学会北海道支部, 支部評議員, Society
  • Apr. 2020 - Mar. 2022
    応用物理学会, 理事(北海道支部長), Society
  • Mar. 2015 - Mar. 2019
    応用物理学会, 代議員, Society

■Research activity information

Awards

  • 2015, 応用物理学会, 第37回優秀論文賞               
    戸田泰則

Papers

Other Activities and Achievements

Books and other publications

  • Laser Spectroscopy Using Topological Light Beams               
    Yasunori Toda
    Springer Series in Progress in Nanophotonics 3, 2014, [Joint work]
  • 光物性入門               
    戸田泰則
    朝倉書店, 2009, [Joint work]
  • ナノオプティクス:ナノスケールの光物性               
    戸田泰則
    オーム社, 2004, [Joint work]
  • Optical Characterization of In(Ga)As/GaAs Self-assembled Quantum Dots Using Near-Field Spectroscopy               
    Yasunori Toda
    Springer Series in Optical Sciences Volume 86, 2003, [Joint work]
  • ナノ光工学ハンドブック               
    戸田泰則
    朝倉書店, 2002, [Joint work]

Affiliated academic society

  • THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN               
  • THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF APPLIED PHYSICS               

Research Themes

  • Ultrafast beam pattern modulation with spiral symmetry by spatiotemporal coupling of ultrafast optical vortex pulses and its application
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    01 Apr. 2023 - 31 Mar. 2026
    森田 隆二, 戸田 泰則
    本研究の目的は,光の持つ位相・偏光の空間的特異性・非一様性に着目し,申請者らが現在までに独自に開発したモノサイクル域光パルス発生・制御技術,さらには光波時空間結合コヒーレント合成技術を用いることにより,以下のことを行うことである。すなわち,時間的にチャープした光渦パルス等のコヒーレントビーム合成による,らせん形状・円筒対称ビームパターンTHz変調手法の確立,この技術を発展させ,様々ならせん形状・円筒対称を持つTHz変調動的光モードの生成,さらに生成ビームによる物質系における擬粒子励起とそのコヒーレント伝播制御・増強・対称性を有した新奇現象探索を行うことである。


    既に申請者らは,THz回転周波数の超高速回転光格子(光渦ペア)発生に成功しているが,これは方位角依存の位相の干渉効果によるものである。物質系における擬粒子励起などの応用を考え,当該年度はさらなる自由度として動径座標依存の位相変調の導入を行った。「方位方向依存位相+動径方向依存位相」の干渉効果を用いると,「らせん方向」ビーム変調が可能となり,これを超高速で回転させることができる。


    具体的には,動径方向依存+方位方向依存位相変調の自在性を与えるため,プログラマブル空間位相変調器を用いており,その光損傷閾値を超えない程度の光源の増幅を行っている。また,光渦の重ね合わせ光学系としては,光損失が少なく安定でロバストなコヒーレントビーム合成光学系を,Sagnac型干渉計光路を用いて構築している。
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University, 23K26566
  • 特異点光波による光誘起ナノスケール超伝導の創製
    科学研究費助成事業
    01 Apr. 2022 - 31 Mar. 2025
    戸田 泰則, 小田 研, 土屋 聡
    本研究では特異点光波(光渦パルス)を物質の電子状態に対して空間的に高速制御する手段として活用し、超伝導体試料に対して光誘起のナノスケール超伝導を創出する。現在までに1)光誘起相転移を観測する分光手法(コヒーレントクエンチ分光)への特異点光波の適用、2)特異点周りの強度暗点に形成される局在超伝導の応答検出、および3)局在超伝導を用いた超伝導試料に対する空間イメージングを実現した。特異点光波のフルーエンス変化にもとづく超伝導応答の空間分布先鋭化が確認され、超伝導の非熱的相破壊(クエンチ)を反映する飽和特性を利用した超解像化を実証することができた。特に局在化超伝導サイズの適切な見積もりと物性解析に対する有効性を示すため、空間分解イメージングを用いて超伝導応答の時空間変化を系統的に調査した。具体的には強度暗点に形成される超伝導サイズの相破壊パルス強度に対する依存性、クエンチ後の経過時間に対する依存性を観測し、結果から、1)強度暗点に形成される局在超伝導のサイズが約100nmに到達すること、2)局在超伝導の存在時間はクエンチされた領域の超伝導回復時間(<10ps)で決定されることを明らかにした。バルクの性質をもつ超伝導状態をナノスケールで観測・制御する手法は画期的であり、実際に超伝導応答の時空間分布を示すことで本手法が超伝導物性探索の強力なツールとなりうることを示すことができた。合わせて新機能開拓に対する本手法の有効性を示すため、高温超伝導体に特徴的に現れる擬ギャップと呼ばれる電子状態に対しても同様の光誘起局在化の実証実験に取り組んだ。プロセスフリーで電子状態の時空間制御を可能とする本手法の特徴を生かし、超伝導体特有の電子状態に対して非熱的空間変調にもとづく機能応用の道筋を開拓できた。
    日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(B), 北海道大学, 23K23246
  • 3パルス型フェムト秒時間分解分光による電荷ガラス転移における動的不均一性の探索
    科学研究費助成事業
    01 Apr. 2022 - 31 Mar. 2025
    土屋 聡, 戸田 泰則, 谷口 弘三
    本研究の最終目標である「ガラス転移の解明」に向けて、近年基礎、応用の両面から注目を集めている有機分子結晶の電荷ガラス状態を研究対象とし、フェムト秒光パルスを用いた電子の緩和ダイナミクス測定を実施し、ガラス転移に対する新たな知見を得ることを目的とする。
    2年目は初年度に得たガラス状態を特徴付ける緩和ダイナミクスの普遍性を調査した。まず初年度に測定したtheta-(BEDT-TTF)2RbZn(SCN)4、theta-(BEDT-TTF)2CsZn(SCN)4、ZnをCoに置換したtheta-(BEDT-TTF)2RbCo(SCN)4、theta-(BEDT-TTF)2CsCo(SCN)4に注目した。これらCo塩の基礎物性はRb塩と非常によく似ていることがわかっており、Rb塩と同様の電荷秩序、電荷ガラスを特徴付ける光誘起キャリアダイナミクスが観測されることが期待される。Co塩において2パルス型ポンププローブ分光測定を実施したところ、Rb塩とどうようの傾向のダイナミクスが観測され、普遍性があることが確認できた。
    また電荷秩序を特徴付けるダイナミクスが他の物質でも観測されるか探るため、alpha-(BEDT-TTF)2I3、alpha-(BETS)2I3においても測定を行った。これまでの研究からalpha-(BEDT-TTF)2I3では低温で電荷秩序に相転移し、alpha-(BETS)2I3は電荷秩序ではない絶縁体に転移することがわかっているため、これら2物質での結果を比較することで、電荷秩序を特徴付けるダイナミクスの普遍性についての知見が得られると考えた。測定の結果、電荷秩序を示すalpha-(BEDT-TTF)2I3ではtheta塩の電荷秩序と同様のダイナミクスが観測され、alpha-(BETS)2I3では、電荷秩序とは異なるダイナミクスが観測された。このことから電荷秩序ダイナミクスの普遍性を確認することができた。この成果の一部は論文として出版した。
    日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(B), 北海道大学, 23K22433
  • 3パルス型フェムト秒時間分解分光による電荷ガラス転移における動的不均一性の探索
    科学研究費助成事業
    01 Apr. 2022 - 31 Mar. 2025
    土屋 聡, 戸田 泰則, 谷口 弘三
    日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(B), 北海道大学, 22H01162
  • 特異点光波による光誘起ナノスケール超伝導の創製
    科学研究費助成事業
    01 Apr. 2022 - 31 Mar. 2025
    戸田 泰則, 小田 研, 土屋 聡
    日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(B), 北海道大学, 22H01978
  • 量子液晶の制御と機能
    科学研究費助成事業 新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)
    28 Jun. 2019 - 31 Mar. 2024
    小林 研介, 戸田 泰則, 戸川 欣彦, 石坂 香子, 岡崎 浩三, 有馬 孝尚
    小林は、量子ドットにおける近藤効果を用いて、平衡非線形領域にある微分伝導度について調べ、平衡から遠く離れた状況にあったとしても、対称性を通じて近藤効果が輸送現象に姿を表すことを微視的に実証した。さらに、GaAs/AlGaAsトンネル結合二重量子井戸構造におけるラシュバ効果、スピン軌道トルクによる磁化の準安定状態の実現や、電流雑音測定のための低温増幅器の開発などを行った。有馬は、希土類を含むいくつかの合金系について共鳴X線散乱や中性子散乱を行い、磁場や温度およびそれらの履歴によって多彩な磁気ナノ超構造の間を転移する様子を逆空間で観測することでスピン液晶状態を確定させるという成果を得た。戸川はキラルスピン物質CrNb3S6が示す異方的磁気共鳴の研究を行い、励起配置に強く依存した共鳴応答を見出し、共鳴スイッチングやキラルソリトン共鳴モードの切替えなど、高度な制御法に関する成果を得た。戸田はトポロジカル光波を用いた光誘起相制御開拓の研究を行い、光の伝播がもたらす幾何学位相(グイ位相)の制御性を活用した光渦発振を半導体微小共振器に対して実現した。石坂は遷移金属ダイカルコゲナイドVTe2を対象とし、数ピコ秒の時間分解能による電子回折とイメージング実験を行い、電荷密度波の超高速融解とそれに伴う特異な偏極を持つ音響フォノンの生成・伝播の計測に成功した。岡﨑は、高次高調波レーザーを用いた時間分解光電子分光による光照射による物性制御の研究を行い、鉄系超伝導体FeSeにおいて、光誘起超伝導による超伝導ギャップの観測に成功する、という成果を得た。
    日本学術振興会, 新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型), 19H05826
  • Ultrafast beam pattern modulation using the superposition of chirped ultrashort optical vortex pulses and its application
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
    01 Apr. 2020 - 31 Mar. 2023
    森田 隆二, 戸田 泰則
    本研究の目的は,光の持つ位相・偏光の空間的特異性・非一様性に着目し,申請者らが現在までに独自に開発したモノサイクル域光パルス発生・制御技術,超短光パルスコヒーレント合成技術,光のスピン軌道相互作用変換・制御技術を用いることにより, THzの速さでビームパターンが変化する光格子(光渦ペア)を発生させること,さらに,物質系において,発生光渦ペアによる擬粒子励起を行い,その伝播過程を利用してコヒーレントな制御・増強を行うことである。既に申請者らは,THz回転周波数の超高速回転光格子(光渦ペア)発生に成功しているが,物質系における擬粒子励起などの応用を考えると,十分な光出力とはいえない。そこで,まず,THz回転周波数の超高速回転リング状光格子(光渦ペア)の高強度化をめざし,当該年度は以下を行った。


    光源系の改良としては,光損失が少なく安定でロバストなコヒーレントビーム合成光学系としてサニャック型干渉計光路を用い,変調前のパルスエネルギー360 μJ,変調後のパルスエネルギー115 μJ,32%の高い変換効率を得ている。また,チャープされた光渦の重ね合わせ実験において,絶対値が等しく符号の異なるトポロジカルチャージを有する光渦パルスの重ね合わせ手法を拡張し,方位方向指数の異なる光渦の重ね合わせによる動径方向に変化する高効率超高速ビーム変調,方位方向指数および動径方向指数の異なる光渦の重ね合わせによる複雑な超高速ビームパターン変調に成功している。
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University, 20H02645
  • Application of optical vortex spectroscopy to process plasma and development to new material creation
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint International Research (B))
    09 Oct. 2018 - 31 Mar. 2023
    荒巻 光利, 吉村 信次, 寺坂 健一郎, 矢澤 翔大, 小林 弘和, 戸田 泰則, 鹿野 豊
    本研究の目的は,光渦分光法をプロセスプラズマに適用することでプラズマの制御性を格段に向上させ,そのプラズマ源を材料開発に応用することである.2019年度は,2020年度以降のドイツおよびデンマークでの実験に備えた装置開発および予備実験を行った.
    ドイツ・ルール大学との共同研究では,容量結合プラズマ(CCP)と基板の境界であるシース内における,イオン流速の測定を目的としている.CCPは広くプラズマプロセスで用いられており,シース内で基板に垂直方向に加速されたイオンのエネルギーは,膜質を左右する重要なパラメータである.従来は,基板に穴をあけてレーザーを基板に垂直方向にレーザーを通すか,イオンを引き出してエネルギーアナライザで検出するなどし基板への入射エネルギーが測定されてきた.本研究では,基板に平行な方向から入射した光渦によって,基板に垂直な方向のイオン流速を測定することを目指している.従って,基板や電極を加工する必要がなく,実機への応用も可能となる.2019年度は,光渦を用いたレーザー誘起蛍光測定系を開発し,HYPER-II(九州大学)での予備実験を開始した.
    デンマーク工科大学との共同研究では,希少金属を用いない透明電極の高性能化に関する研究を進めている.現時点で得られている導電性透明薄膜は,電気特性の位置依存性が大きく,何が特性を決めているのか明らかになっていない.本共同研究では,光渦分光により,基板直前のイオン・原子のエネルギー分布を測定し,薄膜の電気的特性との関係を明らかにすることを目指している.2019年度は,予備的実験として,デンマーク工科大学にて,DCスパッタリングプラズマの発光分光測定を開始し,観測可能なAr, Zn, Al等の発光線を検討した.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint International Research (B)), Nihon University, 18KK0079
  • 光渦の空間モードカイラリティを活用した時間分解分光の開発
    科学研究費助成事業 挑戦的研究(萌芽)
    28 Jun. 2019 - 31 Mar. 2022
    戸田 泰則
    光渦は高次の空間モード光波に対応し、その特徴である波面の回転位相勾配は勾配の方向(符号)に応じたカイラリティを持つ。したがって異なるカイラリティを持つ同一次数の光渦対を用いると、完全同軸の光励起に対してカイラリティ選択による渦対の分離が可能となる。本研究ではこの光渦カイラリティに着目し、モード変換を利用した光波分離にもとづく全く新しい方式の時間分解分光を開発することを目的としている。
    提案手法を確立するため、昨年度は主にカイラリティの異なる光渦の生成分離に対する光学系の確立と最適化に取り組んだ。解決課題として、(i)光渦の空間モード純度、(ii)検出側の空間モード選択性、(iii)試料反射特性、を設定し、
    (項目A)半導体面発光レーザー(VCSEL)に対する空間モード選択制御
    (項目B)高温超伝導体試料(Bi2212)の完全同軸型ポンププローブ分光
    を実施した。項目Aでは光波の空間モード純度(課題i)と選択性(課題ii)の向上を図り、光注入型VCSELにおけるカイラリティ選択可能な光渦発振を実現した。特に共振器の幾何学位相(グイ位相)にもとづく空間モード変換を用いることにより、非対称共振器に対しても光渦発振可能であることを明らかにし、汎用性の高い光渦レーザー実現に向けた原理実証を行った。並行して項目Bでは空間モードカイラリティを活用した時間分解分光開発に取り組み、直交偏光条件下の完全同軸型時間分解ポンププローブ分光によるカイラリティ選択型過渡応答検出を実現した(課題ii)。
    日本学術振興会, 挑戦的研究(萌芽), 北海道大学, 19K22138
  • Spatio-temporal control of superconducting phase by optical vortex pulses
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    01 Apr. 2019 - 31 Mar. 2022
    TODA YASUNORI
    Excitation of all superconducting (SC) Cooper pairs with ultrashort laser pulses induces a coherent quench to the normal state in the photoexcited region. In this study, we have performed coherent quenching of high-Tc SCs using optical vortex pulses with unique spatial characteristics in the beam cross-section. Our newly developed time-resolved spectroscopy demonstrated the generation as well as the observation and control of a novel SC state modulated in space and time. This achievement demonstrates a new type of photo-induced phase transition utilizing the spatial controllability of light waves, showing promise for applications in nano-scale imaging and the development of SC devices.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University, 19H02621
  • 実空間と時間の両領域で見る銅酸化物における擬ギャップ状態と高温超伝導の関わり
    科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C)
    01 Apr. 2019 - 31 Mar. 2022
    小田 研, 戸田 泰則
    本研究では、代表的な銅酸化物高温超伝導体の一つであるBi2212で走査トンネル顕微鏡分光(STM/STS)とポンプ・プローブ時間分解分光(PPTS)を行い、実空間と時間空間の双方から「高温超伝導体に固有の擬ギャップ(PG)現象を担う電子系と高温超伝導の発現との関係性」の解明にアプローチする。2019年度は不足キャリア(ホール)濃度のBi2212単結晶試料でSTM/STS実験とPPTS実験を行い、以下に記す成果を得た。
    1.STM/STSでは、PGにかかる電子系のチェッカーボード様変調構造が超伝導にかかる準粒子の干渉による変調構造と実空間の同じ領域において共存することが明らかとなった。また、両者の共存関係を相互相関関数の手法により調べた結果、明確な実空間相関が観測され、チェッカーボード様変調構造の起源やPG状態と超伝導に関係する電子状態間の相互作用の可能性を明らかにする上で有用な知見が得られた。
    2.PPTSでは、高強度ポンプパルス光の照射によりPG状態と超伝導相を局所的に破壊し、その後の両者の回復過程をプローブ光の反射応答を通して調べた。その結果、PG状態がほぼ回復した後に超伝導状態の形成が始まること、すなわち、両者の間に明確な時間相関のあることが分かった。これはPG状態が高温超伝導の発現に本質的に関わっていることの一つの証拠に成り得ると考えられる。
    2020年度以降の研究では、最適ホール濃度および過剰ホール濃度領域のBi2212試料にも研究を広げ、これらの試料で得られた結果も含めて総合的に考察し、PGを担う電子状態と超伝導の発現との関わりについて明らかにする。
    日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(C), 北海道大学, 19K03732
  • Global quantum correlation dynamics investigations using optical orbital angular momentum
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
    01 Apr. 2016 - 31 Mar. 2019
    TODA YASUNORI
    Using ultrafast optical vortex pulses, we have demonstrated the observation of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) dynamics of carriers for high-Tc superconductors (Bi2212) and obtained the following results: (a) OAM-dependent transient reflectivity changes are observed below Tc, indicating that the optical vortex can transfer its OAM to the superconducting state (quasi-particles and/or cooper-pairs); (b) recovery dynamics of the superconducting state shows an efficient contribution of the pairing fluctuation in its early stage; (c) temperature dependence of the OAM dynamics shows virtually no pairing fluctuation, suggesting that the optical vortex induced OAM dynamics reflects a spatially coherent dynamics associated with a global quantum correlation.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University, 16H03876
  • 光の軌道角運動量を用いた巨視的量子相関ダイナミクス探索               
    基盤研究(B)
    2016 - 2018
    戸田泰則
    日本学術振興会, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding
  • Time-resolved coherent polarimetry using polarization vortices
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research
    01 Apr. 2015 - 31 Mar. 2017
    Toda Yasunori
    We have developed a novel type of coherent spectroscopy (time-resolved polarimetry using nonlinear laser spectroscopy known as degenerate four-wave-mixing) using polarization vortices characterized by a vector singularity on the beam cross-section, and performed the spectroscopy on semiconductor GaN excitons (electron-hole pairs). We successfully obtained the results concerned as follows: (a) quantitative snap-shot evaluations of exciton spin exchange and uniaxial strain energies; especially for small residual anisotropies in isotropic samples; (b) coherent dynamics of the polarization singularities resulting from broken rotational symmetries of excitons, (c) spin and pseudo-spin dynamics and their correlations resulting from excitons interactions.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research, Hokkaido University, 15K13369
  • Generation of intense topological light waves in the mono-cycle regime by coherent beam combining and their application
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
    01 Apr. 2014 - 31 Mar. 2017
    MORITA Ryuji
    Over 1 mJ pulse intense optical vortex pulses (duration of 27 fs) were generated with programmable topological-charge control. Ultra-broadband polarization vortex pulses (wavelength range of 750 to 880 nm) were successfully synthesized from two orthogonally polarized optical vortex pulses by using coherent beam combining. Moreover, the extended Stokes parameters were newly introduced, enabling one to precisely evaluate polarization symmetry and spatial polarization purity for ultra-broadband polarization vortex pulses. Furthermore, snap-shot polarization spectroscopy through four-wave mixing signals from GaN by use of radially polarized ultrashort pulses was performed, giving high sensitivity and high precision.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University, 26286056
  • Study on photoexcitation, novel plasma spectroscopy, and plasma control method using optical vortex
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
    01 Apr. 2013 - 31 Mar. 2017
    ARAMAKI Mitsutoshi, ITO Kiyokazu
    Optical vortex (OV) beams are a set of solutions of the paraxial Helmholtz equation in the cylindrical coordinates, and its wave front has a spiral shape. The observer in the OV beam feels the three-dimensional Doppler effect, since the OV beam has the three-dimensional spiral wave front. In this study, spectroscopy methods which have the sensitivity to the beam crossing gas flow have been developed. Using the optical vortex spectroscopy methods, the beam-crossing gas flow was successfully detected as the transverse Doppler shift of the Doppler absorption spectrum and the Lamb dip shift of the saturated absorption spectrum, respectively. The dependence of the transverse Doppler shift on the distance from the phase singularity qualitatively agrees with the theory, however, the further improvement in accuracy of the transverse Doppler shift detection is required for the quantitative evaluation.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), 25287152
  • 偏光渦パルスを用いた時間分解コヒーレントポラリメトリ               
    挑戦的萌芽研究
    2015 - 2016
    戸田泰則
    日本学術振興会, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding
  • Multi-dimensional degenerate four-wave-mixing spectroscopy using topological transformation
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research
    01 Apr. 2013 - 31 Mar. 2015
    TODA YASUNORI, ADACHI Satoru, NAKAYAMA Masaaki
    Spatiotemporal four-wave mixing (FWM) spectroscopy of semiconductor excitons was developed by using (A) variably controlled Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) pulses, (B) orbital angular momentum (OAM) resolved spectroscopy with high precision. The observed exciton OAM dynamics indicates that (1) near perfect OAM transfer to the exciton center-of-mass motion is achieved using the LG pulses with nonzero OAM, (2) imperfect conversion becomes significant when the excitation pulses include an OAM-free component (3) an extremely long OAM decay was observed in the bulk sample, which implies a small spatial variation of the exciton dephasing. Moreover, the topological charge dependence of the OAM dynamics suggests a robustness of the exciton OAM. For the application of the topological transformation, a novel spatially modulated optical feedback in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser was demonstrated for the first time, where the results show high selectivity of the OAM in the transverse mode.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research, Hokkaido University, 25600105
  • Photoinduced superconducting phase transition dynamics in Bi-based high-Tc superconductors
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
    01 Apr. 2012 - 31 Mar. 2015
    TODA YASUNORI, ODA Migaku
    Photoinduced phase transition dynamics in the superconducting and pseudogap states of Bi-based high-Tc superconductors have been investigated using ultrashort pulses and the following conclusions are obtained: 1) existence of a spontaneous symmetry breaking in the psuedogap state, 2) distinct relationship between phase coherence and gap formation, 3) absence of long-range electronic ordering and carrier lorcalization in the pseudogap formation, 4) enhanced contribution of the pseudogap to the gap formation in the underdoped sample.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University, 24340063
  • Control of spin-orbit interaction of optical pulses in the mono-cycle regime and its application
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
    01 Apr. 2011 - 31 Mar. 2014
    MORITA Ryuji, TODA Yasunori
    Few-cycle optical-vortex pulse generation and over-mJ intense, 27 fs optical-vortex pulse generation with programmable topological-charge control were first performed. Furthermore, the measurement of the orbital-angular-momentum spectra of ultra-broadband optical-vortex pulses with high precision was demonstrated in quasi-real time. The time-resolved nonlinear spectroscopy technique using optical vortices as a pump and a probe was developed, enabling us to evaluate the relaxation time of orbital angular momentum of the GaN exciton. In addition, chiral nanostructures of metal were first fabricated by using spin- and orbital-angular momentum controlled optical-vortex pulses.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University, 23360024
  • トポロジカル変換を用いた縮退四光波混合分光の多次元化               
    挑戦的萌芽研究
    2013 - 2014
    戸田泰則
    日本学術振興会, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding
  • ビスマス系高温超伝導体における光誘起超伝導相転移ダイナミクスの研究               
    基盤研究(B)
    2012 - 2014
    戸田泰則
    日本学術振興会, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding
  • STM studies on magnetic field induced electronic charge order
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
    2010 - 2012
    ODA Migaku
    In this research project, we performed STM/STS experiments under magnetic fields and pump-probe optical experiments in one of the typical high-Tc cuprates Bi2212 to clarify the origin of the electronic charge order accompanied by a pseudogap and its relation to the high-Tc superconductivity. STM/STS experiments suggested that the electronic charge order will be understood in terms of the charge-spin stripes model, and dynamically fluctuating in nature. In pump-probe optical experiments, furthermore, it was found that the electronic charge order and pseudogap do not only compete with but also is needed for the high-Tc superconductivity. Employing these results, we pointed out that the fluctuating stripes would be responsible for the formation of high-Tc superconductivity.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Hokkaido University, 22540357
  • 時空間制御光波を用いた電子相関物質における巨視的量子コヒーレンスの探索研究               
    優秀若手研究者海外派遣事業
    Mar. 2010 - Jan. 2011
    戸田泰則
    日本学術振興会, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding
  • Development of new science on electronic systems in curved spaces
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research a proposed research project)
    2009 - 2011
    ONOE Jun, SHIMA Hiroyuki, TODA Yasunori
    A. Einstein first applied Riemannian geometry to develop the general theory of relativity almost one hundred years ago (1916) and succeeded in understanding astronomical-scale phenomena such as the straining of time-space by a gravitational field (1920). Whether or not Riemannian space affects the electronic properties of condensed matters on a much smaller scale is of great interest. Although Riemannian geometry has been applied to quantum mechanics since the 1950s, nobody has yet answered this question, because the electronic properties of materials with Riemannian geometry have not been examined experimentally. By examining in situ high-resolution ultraviolet photoemission spectra of a one-dimensional metallic C_<60> polymer with an uneven periodic peanut-shaped structure, we first observed Riemannian geometrical effects on the electronic properties of materials such as Tomononaga-Luttinger liquids, which were previously theoretically predicted by our group.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research a proposed research project), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 21200032
  • Development of a single molecular switch by controlling phase and amplitude of optical electric fields in extremely short time region
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
    2008 - 2010
    MORITA Ryuji, TODA Yasunori
    Azobenzene single molecules before and after photo-isomerization were observed by a scanning tunneling microscopy. On the metal substrate with strong adsorption interaction, in-plane trans-azobenzene molecules were found, implying the inversion mechanism is dominant. Furthermore, for controlling photo-isomerization or molecular conformation change, optical pulses with spatially-dependent phase and polarization were generated with high efficiency. In addition, using the pulses, nonlinear spectroscopy along a ring shape was established. Metal surface ablation experiments were performed, demonstrating total angular momentum effects.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University, 20360025
  • Electron spin transfer of single quantum dots by using teraheltz and/or laser lights
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
    2005 - 2007
    ADACHI Satoru, TODA Yasunori, MUTO Shunichi
    In this project, we aimed the development of the technique to transfer the spin between the Zeeman-split electron states in a single quantum dot (QD). Then, we tried the following two methods; use of teraheltz wave and two-photon process via half-localized state in a QD. As a consequence, by the latter method, we succeeded the control of the exciton spin state and the details were published in the academic journals. In the experiments, depending on the light polarizations of the co-linearly propagating delay-controlled double pulses, we observed the in-phase and out-of-phase oscillations of photoluminescence (PL) from the Zeeman-split two exciton states. In the case of the out-of-phase oscillations, the oscillation of the Zeeman splitting energy as well as the magnitude of the PLs was observed. This is because the nuclear spin polarization in a QD was formed and followed the modulation of the electron spin polarization. This result indicates that the half-localized state of QDs is available as the intermediate state in the Lambda-type transition in order to control of the electron and nuclear spins. In addition, we investigated the hyperfine interaction between electron and nuclear spins in a single QD, and the bistability and hysteretic response of the nuclear spin polarization were observed in the dependence on excitation power, polarization, and external magnetic field. By using this nuclear spin switching, we proved that the effective g factor of the QD electron could be tuned widely from negative to positive and be set to zero.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University, 17310056
  • トポロジカル物性解析のための非線形分光計測手法の開発
    科学研究費助成事業 萌芽研究
    2006 - 2006
    戸田 泰則
    本研究では、結晶のトポロジカルな空間対称性の破れに起因する電子状態の空間位相変化を検出する手法の確立を目的とした。本年度の成果として、1)四光波混合(FWM)分光を用いた位相干渉計測の確立、2)結晶トポロジーを反映した電子状態の時間特性変化の観測、3)トポロジー光パルスの発生と解析評価の確立、を達成した。FWMをベースとした時空間位相計測1)は、空間的な指向性を有するFWM光と励起光から分離した参照光との間で干渉系を構築することで実現した。干渉パターンをCCDにより検出し、2次元フーリエ変換を通して時間分解型のFWM信号を観測する。測定試料として、励起子束縛エネルギーが大きく、理想的な多準位系として異種励起子を扱える窒化ガリウム薄膜を用いた。異種励起子量子ビートと励起子-励起子分子量子ビートを観測したところ、2準位系と3準位系の励起子光学遷移にもとづくビート信号の違いを明らかにすることができた。並行して2)結晶のトポロジー変化に起因する電子状態の変化を明らかにすることを試みた。試料として特異なトポロジーを有する低次元導体を用いた。この物質は低温で電荷密度波と呼ばれる電子の集団励起状態を形成し、金属-絶縁体相転移を生じる。時間分解分光を用いて巨視的量子秩序形成を反映した電子応答変化を確認し、その温度依存性から結晶トポロジーによる有意な差を確認することに成功した。以上の結果にもとづき、3)より発展的なトポロジー計測を目的とした光渦パルスの発生を試みた。光渦パルスの評価は1)で確立した空間干渉をベースにし、時空間位相解析を実現した。光渦パルスとして50fs程度の短パルス生成に成功し、ドーナッツ状の強度分布と位相特異点の存在を明らかにした。また干渉振幅に着目すると、最大振幅を取る遅延時間が方位角に応じて変化していくことを見出した。
    日本学術振興会, 萌芽研究, 北海道大学, 18656016
  • Multi-photon Absorption Spectroscopy for Three-dimensional Nanoscale Imaging of GaN
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
    2004 - 2006
    TODA Yasunori, ADACHI Satoru, ARAKAWA Yasuhiko
    Since strain and defects in semiconductors directly connect with the device performance, the influence has been studied extensively so far. Generally, there are various types of defects ranging from an atomic to a microscopic scale depending on the substrate, structure and growth conditions. In addition, the local strain fields due to mismatches in the lattice constants and the defects/impurities are also important for the thin films grown on foreign substrates. Therefore, three-dimensional (3D) analysis with a high spatial resolution is necessary for the precise characterization.
    One approach to the optical characterization in 3D is the use of nonlinear processes, in which excitation well below the band-gap allows for cross-sectional analysis at any depth. Furthermore, the use of nonlinear spectroscopy often provides significant enhancement of the signal sensitivity. In this work, we demonstrated i) multiphoton induced absorption imaging and ii) four-wave mixing (FWM) spectroscopy for the precise characterization of Gallium Nitride (GaN) in terms of strain and defects. Both techniques developed here allow for nondestructive and noninvasive optical characterization not only for GaN but also for other semiconductor materials including nanostructures, which would be useful for diagnosing complex device structures.
    In the two-photon absorption (TPA) imaging, we successfully mapped out the 3D distribution of defects with high spatial resolution. Moreover, using transient TPA measurements, we were able to obtain precise TPA coefficient that is one of the useful parameters for evaluating the optical damage threshold. In the GaN films, we showed that localized regions exist with significantly higher TPA coefficients, possibly due to the concentrations of defect states on a microscopic scale. In another nonlinear spectroscopy based on degenerate FWM technique, we successfully mapped out the local strain-field very precisely. Since the diffraction signal in FWM increases as the fourth power of the exciton oscillator strength, the exciton spectra show strong polarizations resulting from the uniaxial strain in the sample. The highly polarized spectra allow us to determine the precise splitting energy imposed by the local strain and defects. We measured various samples including GaN films on isotropic substrates, and examined the lower limit of detectable uniaxial strain, which is comparable with the resolution of conventional X-ray diffraction analysis.
    Since the diffraction signal in FWM increases as the fourth power of the exciton oscillator strength, the exciton spectra show strong polarizations resulting from the uniaxial strain in the sample. The highly polarized spectra allow us to determine the precise splitting energy imposed by the local strain and defects. We measured various samples including GaN films on isotropic substrates, and examined the lower limit of detectable uniaxial strain, which is comparable with the resolution of conventional X-ray diffraction analysis.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 16310076
  • Spatio-temporally resolved observation and control of neuron excitement mechanism using nonlinear laser microscopes
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
    2004 - 2006
    MORITA Ryuji, GOHARA Kazutoshi, TODA Yashinori
    1.An over-one-octave spanning (460-1060 nm) ultra-broadband optical pulse was generated by self-modulation effect. It was spectrally-phase-compensated and characterized to be a 2.8 fs, 1.5 cycle-Fourier-transform-limited pulse by the modified spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction. It is the shortest visible and infrared pulse whose spectral phase is well determined.
    2.A second-harmonic laser microscope was developed for 3-dimensional spatially-resolved observation of living cells. As an example, neurons of a rat were observed. Strong signals from nuclei and axons owing to inversion-symmetry breaking were detected. Spatial resolution was less than 1.5 μm.
    3.A coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering laser microscope was developed using a femtosecond laser amplifier as a light source. For onion cells, two pulses with wavelengths of 800 and 1040 nm were employed to excite the C-H vibration mode of 2900 cm-1 and the corresponding spatially-resolved signal with a wavelength of 650 nm was detected. Similarly, two pulses with wavelengths of 800 and 1100 nm were employed to excite the N-H vibration mode of 3400 cm-1 and the corresponding signal with a wavelength of 630 nm was detected. From comparison between those signals, C-H-and N-H-rich domains in cells were determined.
    4.Macroscopic observation of hybridization and dehybridization for methylred-intercalated DNA was performed using second-harmonic laser microscope. While hybridized one has the inversion symmetry, dehybridized one does not. Significant signals were not obtained so far because of noise. Improvement is going on by introducing other azo-dyes with higher optical nonlinearity.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 16360024
  • Quantum computation using optical control of electron spins in quantum dots
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    2002 - 2005
    MUTO Shunichi, ADACHI Satoru, TODA Yasunori, SHIRAMINE Kenichi, YOH Kanji
    An electron spin in a quantum dot is one of important candidates to be used for future large scale quantum computing. We have already proposed a set of universal quantum gates using photon-assisted tunneling and its coulomb blockade. In this project, we have done various experimental studies on the feasibility of this proposal. Also, the quantum computing is required to be connected to the photonic quantum infromation processing. Therefore we proposed a scheme to cunvert a photon qubit and an electron spin qubit and experimentally evaluated this proposal.
    Before experiments, we did computer simulation of our universal gates and found that the experimental demonstration of the CNOT gateis possible ifthe coheraice of an electron spin is largo-than 100 ps.
    Then, we developed a measurem ent technology based on the four-wave-mixing FWM to detarmine the electron spin coherence. We applied this to the spin relaxation measurements of electrons in a quantum well for which the pump -probe technique is established. The result of the new method, i.e. spin-diffracted FWM gave the same result as the pump -probe, indicating the validity of the method. We then, applied this to the ensemble of InAlAs/AlGaAs quantum dots and found that the longest coherence of these dots is as long as 7 ns. This value is much longer than those in the conventional method using streak-camera and indicates that the measurements of resonant excitation and dedection such as ours are necessary for precise determination of spin coherence instead of the non-resonant measurements such as those using streak-camers.
    We also proposed a new qubit conversion scheme using the nuclear field to realize the degenerate electron levels and energy-split hole levels in a quantum dot. By exerimentally realizing the nuclear field by optically orienting the electron spins in an InAlAs/AlGaAs quantum dot, we found that we can realize the band structure for a qubit conversion between a photon and an dectron spin.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas, Hokkaido Universigy, 14076201
  • Research on the coherent control of electron spins in quantum dots
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    2002 - 2003
    MUTO Shunichi, SHIRAMINE Kenichi, TODA Yasunori, ADACHI Satoru, TAKEUCHI Atsushi
    Self-assembled InAlAs/AlGaAs quantum dots are grown by the Stranski-Krastanow mode of Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE). We measured the spin relaxation time of the structure under the non-resonant optical excitation by using 80 fs pulses by the titanium sapphire laser at wavelength of 780 nm. We used the right circular polarized light for the excitation of carrires to obtain fixed electron spins. The luminescence from the quantum dots at 10 K was divided into the right circular and the left circular components and was temporary resolved by the streak-scope. While the lifetime of the exciton was about 1 18 ns, the spin relaxation time determined by the decay of the polarization of luminescence was 1.31 us, which is comparable to the lifetime. The result indicates that the major relaxation mechanisms in the quantum well are not effective in the quantum dots and that the quantum dot is a good material for the coherent control of electron spins.
    As the spin-electronisc material for the future generations, wide-gap semiconductors and a polymer was studied with emphasis on the magnetic or spintronic properties.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 14350001
  • Studies for estimation method of nonlinear optical crystals by using phonon imaging technique
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    2001 - 2002
    ADACHI Satoru, TANAKA Katsuhiko, TODA Yasunori
    Im present work, we aimed the estimation of the crystal quality via the detection of the phonon scattering by the defect and so on by using our developed phonon-polariton imaging technique. We have performed the imaging experiment for the LiTaO_3. The phonon generation and monitoring of the propagating polariton wavepackets have been imaged. Illuminating the delayed pulse into the crystal in order to probe the generated phonon-polariton wavepackets, we could construct the image of the wavepackets at the real time within the temporal resolution of the used pulse. The phonon polariotn is really the modulation of the refractive indices and therefore the phase object. Although it is impossible usually to detect the phase of the scattered light since our detection ability is sensitive only to the intensity of the light, the conversion from the phase information to the intensity information can be achieved by using Talbot effect. We have succeeded to capture the interference of the phonon polariotn wavepackets at the real time via the special arrangement. Also we could control the amplitude of the propagating phonon polariton wavepacket within some extent. The obtained results can contribute greatly to the phonon spectroscopy and indicated the new direction of the research. By using the similar four-wave mixing technique, we could estimate the sample quality of the bulk GaN, which is the promising material for the laser diode and so on, via the phonon scattering and exciton-exciton interaction, and found the heterobiexciton. The hetero biexciton consists of the heavy-hole and light-hole excitons and we found the heterobiexciton in GaN for the first time.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University, 13554009
  • 高空間分解多次元磁気光学応答計測技術の開発
    科学研究費助成事業
    2000 - 2001
    大場 良次, 戸田 泰則
    本研究の目的は、固体分光計測において高い空間分解能を有する走査型近接場光学顕微鏡(SNOM)の小型化を図り、外部装置との整合性を高め、空間的な多次元化を実現することである。本年度は、昨年度製作したSNOMを用いて、半導体量子ナノ構造の光学特性の取得と、その小型化を含めた多次元計測への応用を目標とした。
    半導体量子ナノ構造を調査する目的として、制御性の高い量子ドットを測定対象とした。量子ドットではキャリアの自由度が全方向に制限されるため、ナノ領域の光物性として特異な性質を示すことが知られている。量子ドットを光励起すると、キャリアはまずドットの閉じ込めに起因する離散状態に励起され、発光再結合準位へと緩和し発光する。さらに今回試料として用いている自己形成量子ドットでは、周囲の媒質を反映した多くの局在フォノンモードが存在し、その緩和スペクトルはドットのキャリア閉じ込めと周囲の格子状態を反映することになる。したがって個々のドットの共鳴エネルギーに対して、その発光分布像を得ることにより、その共鳴がどのようなフォノンと結合しているか決定することが可能となる。今回の測定結果では、バルクのフォノンモードと、局在フォノンモードの共鳴エネルギーに対してそれぞれ異なる発光分布像が観測された。このことは自己形成量子ドットにおけるキャリア-フォノン結合状態の違いを意味しており、ヘテロ界面の重要性を明らかにしたものである。したがって空間的な多次元計測を達成すれば、より詳細な物性が明らかになると考えられる。この目的のために、いくつかの装置要素に対して小型化と多機能化を試みた。具体的にはイナーシャルスライダーの小型化、高さ制御ピエゾの小型化、光学機器の低減を達成した。装置の小型化は、機械的な安定性も向上させるため、上記の結果をもとにしたフォノンイメージングへと発展させることが可能となる。
    日本学術振興会, 萌芽的研究, 北海道大学, 12875074
  • Coherent control of photo-excited carriers in semiconductor quantum dots using near-field scanning optical microscope
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    2000 - 2001
    TODA Yasunori
    The strain-driven self-assembly of semiconductor quantum dots (SAQDs) provides nanometer scale carrier confinement in all three dimensions. One of the fascinating characteristics of SAQDs is their discrete density of states (DOS) with large energy-level spacing, in which acoustic phonon-mediated scattering should be suppressed compared with higher-dimensional structures. As a consequence, excitons in SAQDs are expected to exhibit long coherence time, which is advantageous for application of quantum information processing. In terms of inter-level relaxation, interaction with longitudinal optical (LO) phonons is an important aspect of SAQDs. These phonon-mediated transitions can be confirmed in the single-dot photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra, in which the reduction of relaxation paths renders individual LO phonons visible in the ground state emissions. To date several LO phonon-related transitions including bulk GaAs have been clearly observed. In the energy region higher than 1LO, single-dot PLE spectra reveal a number of intense PLE features, recognized as 2LO phonon resonances. As excitonic excited states are also present, several relaxation pathways with qualitatively different processes exist in the 2LO region.
    In this research, we investigate in detail the 2LO resonances in the single-dot PLE. Several 2LO resonances emerge as dip structures in the peaks under various conditions of excitation power. The observed dip structures suggest line broadening, even in the individual resonace lines. In contrast, the corresponding biexciton resonances still have sharp peaks, indicating that the 2LO resonances consist of several relaxation channels with differing scattering processes. These observations can explain why PLE resonances exhibit short dephasing times even in single SAQDs. Moreover, we found that phonon mediated transitions can be largely removed by two-color excited PLE spectroscopy. The reduction of line broadening indicates that the PLE includes a number of phonon-related transitions with large relaxation windows.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Hokkaido University, 12650035

syllabus

  • 光物性特論, 2024年, 修士課程, 工学院
  • 光物性特論, 2024年, 博士後期課程, 工学院
  • 電磁気学Ⅱ, 2024年, 学士課程, 工学部
  • 電磁気学演習Ⅱ, 2024年, 学士課程, 工学部
  • 応用物理学, 2024年, 学士課程, 工学部
  • 応用物理学, 2024年, 学士課程, 工学部