Exogenous application of the apocarotenoid retinaldehyde negatively regulates auxin-mediated root growth.
Kang Xu, Haoran Zeng, Feiyang Lin, Emi Yumoto, Masashi Asahina, Ken-Ichiro Hayashi, Hidehiro Fukaki, Hisashi Ito, Masaaki K Watahiki
Plant physiology, 09 Aug. 2024, [Peer-reviewed], [Corresponding author], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Root development is essential for plant survival. The lack of carotenoid biosynthesis in the phytoene desaturase 3 (pds3) mutant results in short primary roots (PR) and reduced lateral root (LR) formation. In this study, we showed that short-term inhibition of PDS by fluridone suppresses PR growth in WT, but to a lesser extent in auxin mutants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Such an inhibition of PDS activity increased endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels, promoted auxin signaling, and partially complemented the PR growth of an auxin deficient mutant, the YUCCA 3 5 7 8 9 quadruple mutant (yucQ). The exogenous application of retinaldehyde (retinal), an apocarotenoid derived from β-carotene, complemented the fluridone-induced suppression of root growth, as well as the short roots of the pds3 mutant. Retinal also partially complemented the auxin-induced suppression of root growth. These results suggest that retinal may play a role in regulating root growth by modulating endogenous auxin levels.

Periodic cytokinin responses in Lotus japonicus rhizobium infection and nodule development.
Takashi Soyano, Akira Akamatsu, Naoya Takeda, Masaaki K Watahiki, Tatsuaki Goh, Nao Okuma, Norio Suganuma, Mikiko Kojima, Yumiko Takebayashi, Hitoshi Sakakibara, Keiji Nakajima, Masayoshi Kawaguchi
Science (New York, N.Y.), 385, 6706, 288, 294, 19 Jul. 2024, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Host plants benefit from legume root nodule symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria under nitrogen-limiting conditions. In this interaction, the hosts must regulate nodule numbers and distribution patterns to control the degree of symbiosis and maintain root growth functions. The host response to symbiotic bacteria occurs discontinuously but repeatedly at the region behind the tip of the growing roots. Here, live-imaging and transcriptome analyses revealed oscillating host gene expression with approximately 6-hour intervals upon bacterial inoculation. Cytokinin response also exhibited a similar oscillation pattern. Cytokinin signaling is crucial to maintaining the periodicity, as observed in cytokinin receptor mutants displaying altered infection foci distribution. This periodic regulation influences the size of the root region responsive to bacteria, as well as the nodulation process progression.

Carotenoid metabolism negatively regulates auxin-mediated root growth
Kang Xu, Haoran Zeng, Emi Yumoto, Masashi Asahina, Ken-ichiro Hayashi, Hidehiro Fukaki, Hisashi Ito, Masaaki K. Watahiki
12 Sep. 2023

Circadian Clock Controls Root Hair Elongation through Long-Distance Communication
Hikari Ikeda, Taiga Uchikawa, Yohei Kondo, Nozomu Takahashi, Takuma Shishikui, Masaaki K. Watahiki, Akane Kubota, Motomu Endo
PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY, Jul. 2023, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

P-MIRU, a polarized-spectral imaging system, reveals reflection information on the biological surface
Alfonso Balandra, Yuki Doll, Shogo Hirose, Tomoaki Kajiwara, Zendai Kashino, Masahiko Inami, Shizuka Koshimizu, Hidehiro Fukaki, Masaaki K Watahiki
Plant And Cell Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), 22 May 2023, [Peer-reviewed], [Corresponding author]
Scientific journal, Abstract

The reflection light forms the core of our visual perception of the world. We can obtain vast information by examining reflection light from biological surfaces, including pigment composition and distribution, tissue structure, and surface microstructure. However, because of the limitations in our visual system, the complete information in reflection light, which we term “reflectome,” cannot be fully exploited. For example, we may miss reflection light information outside our visible wavelengths. In addition, unlike insects, we have virtually no sensitivity to light polarization. We can detect non-chromatic information lurking in reflection light only with appropriate devices. Though previous studies have designed and developed systems for specialized uses supporting our visual systems, we still do not have a versatile, rapid, convenient, and affordable system for analyzing broad aspects of reflection from biological surfaces. To overcome this situation, we developed P-MIRU, a novel multi-spectral and polarization imaging system for reflecting light from biological surfaces. The hardware and software of P-MIRU are open-source and customizable and thus can be applied for virtually any research on biological surfaces. Furthermore, P-MIRU is a user-friendly system for biologists with no specialized programming or engineering knowledge. P-MIRU successfully visualized multi-spectral reflection in visible/non-visible wavelengths and simultaneously detected various surface phenotypes of spectral polarization. P-MIRU system extends our visual ability and unveils information on biological surfaces. (217/250 words)

Conjugates of 3-phenyllactic acid and tryptophan enhance root-promoting activity without adverse effects in Vigna angularis.
Yuko Maki, Hiroshi Soejima, Tamizi Sugiyama, Takeo Sato, Junji Yamaguchi, Masaaki K Watahiki
Plant biotechnology (Tokyo, Japan), 39, 2, 173, 177, 25 Jun. 2022, [Peer-reviewed], [Corresponding author], [Domestic magazines]
English, Scientific journal, 3-Phenyllactic acid (PLA) is a common secondary product of Lactobacillus sp. and promotes adventitious-root formation in Azuki beans (Vigna angularis). Root promotion activity of PLA is synergistically enhanced by tryptophan (Trp). In this study, stereoisomers of PLA and Trp amide conjugates and their alkyl esters were synthesized to investigate the structure-activity relationships on root-promotion activity. The rooting activity of D-PLA-L-Trp conjugate shows more than 40 times higher than that of the mixture of D-PLA and L-Trp. Modification of PLA-Trp with ethyl ester showed the highest activity at 3,400 times of a mixture of D-PLA and L-Trp. However, L-or D-PLA-D-Trp conjugate and the isopropyl ester of PLA-Trp conjugates, both lost the root promotion activity and implicated that a requirement for steric structure for PLA related root promotion mechanism. Unlike auxin substances, which are commonly used as rooting agents that displayed high activity in low concentrations, PLA-Trp ethyl ester exhibited far less phytotoxicity at high concentration of 1 mM, despite its high rooting activity. Innovation of PLA-Trp ethyl ester may be expected for agricultural aspects with low environmental impact.

3-Phenyllactic acid is converted to phenylacetic acid and induces auxin-responsive root growth in Arabidopsis plants.
Yuko Maki, Hiroshi Soejima, Tamizi Sugiyama, Masaaki K Watahiki, Takeo Sato, Junji Yamaguchi
Plant biotechnology (Tokyo, Japan), 39, 2, 111, 117, 25 Jun. 2022, [Peer-reviewed], [Domestic magazines]
English, Scientific journal, Many microorganisms have been reported to produce compounds that promote plant growth and are thought to be involved in the establishment and maintenance of symbiotic relationships. 3-Phenyllactic acid (PLA) produced by lactic acid bacteria was previously shown to promote root growth in adzuki cuttings. However, the mode of action of PLA as a root-promoting substance had not been clarified. The present study therefore investigated the relationship between PLA and auxin. PLA was found to inhibit primary root elongation and to increase lateral root density in wild-type Arabidopsis, but not in an auxin signaling mutant. In addition, PLA induced IAA19 promoter fused β-glucuronidase gene expression, suggesting that PLA exhibits auxin-like activity. The inability of PLA to promote degradation of Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid protein in a yeast heterologous reconstitution system indicated that PLA may not a ligand of auxin receptor. Using of a synthetic PLA labeled with stable isotope showed that exogenously applied PLA was converted to phenylacetic acid (PAA), an endogenous auxin, in both adzuki and Arabidopsis. Taken together, these results suggest that exogenous PLA promotes auxin signaling by conversion to PAA, thereby regulating root growth in plants.

A PSTAIRE-type cyclin-dependent kinase controls light responses in land plants.
Liang Bao, Natsumi Inoue, Masaki Ishikawa, Eiji Gotoh, Ooi-Kock Teh, Takeshi Higa, Tomoro Morimoto, Eggie Febrianto Ginanjar, Hirofumi Harashima, Natsumi Noda, Masaaki Watahiki, Yuji Hiwatashi, Masami Sekine, Mitsuyasu Hasebe, Masamitsu Wada, Tomomichi Fujita
Science Advances, 8, 4, eabk2116, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 28 Jan. 2022, [Peer-reviewed]
Scientific journal, Light is a critical signal perceived by plants to adapt their growth rate and direction. Although many signaling components have been studied, how plants respond to constantly fluctuating light remains underexplored. Here, we showed that in the moss
Physcomitrium
(
Physcomitrella
)
patens
, the PSTAIRE-type cyclin-dependent kinase PpCDKA is dispensable for growth. Instead, PpCDKA and its homolog in
Arabidopsis thaliana
control light-induced tropisms and chloroplast movements by probably influencing the cytoskeleton organization independently of the cell cycle. In addition, lower PpCDKA kinase activity was required to elicit light responses relative to cell cycle regulation. Thus, our study suggests that plant CDKAs may have been co-opted to control multiple light responses, and owing to the bistable switch properties of PSTAIRE-type CDKs, the noncanonical functions are widely conserved for eukaryotic environmental adaptation.

3-Phenyllactic acid, a root-promoting substance isolated from Bokashi fertilizer, exhibits synergistic effects with tryptophan
Yuko Maki, Hiroshi Soejima, Toru Kitamura, Tamizi Sugiyama, Takeo Sato, Masaaki K. Watahiki, Junji Yamaguchi
Plant Biotechnology, 38, 1, 9, 16, Japanese Society for Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, 25 Mar. 2021, [Peer-reviewed], [Domestic magazines]
English, Scientific journal, Bokashi fertilizer, an organic fertilizer made of plant residue, has been used in Japan not only to fertilize plants but to regulate their growth. Lactic acid bacteria have been found to play an important role in the fermentation process of Bokashi, but the relationship between these bacteria and plant growth activity has not been clarified. Using the adzuki rooting assay, this study identified 3-phenyllactic acid (PLA) produced by lactic acid bacteria as a root promoting compound in Bokashi. PLA showed synergistic effect with tryptophan, but no stem elongation activity. Lactic acid bacteria produced equal quantities of the L- and D-forms of PLA, which have similar root promoting activity. PLA did not significantly affect the amount of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), although the chemical structure of PLA is highly similar to that of L-2-aminooxy-3-phenypropionic acid (L-AOPP), which inhibits IAA biosynthesis. These results indicate that the root promoting activity of PLA is not simply due to its increase in the amount of active auxin.

ZEITLUPE enhances expression of PIF4 and YUC8 in the upper aerial parts of Arabidopsis seedlings to positively regulate hypocotyl elongation
Aya Saitoh, Tomoyuki Takase, Hiroshi Abe, Masaaki Watahiki, Yuki Hirakawa, Tomohiro Kiyosue
Plant Cell Reports, 40, 3, 479, 489, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Mar. 2021, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, KEY MESSAGE: Microarray and genetic analyses reveal that ZTL induces the expression of genes related to auxin synthesis, thereby promoting hypocotyl elongation. ZTL is a blue-light receptor that possesses a light-oxygen-voltage-sensing (LOV) domain, an F-box motif, and a kelch repeat domain. ZTL promotes hypocotyl elongation under high temperature (28 °C) in Arabidopsis thaliana; however, the mechanism of this regulation is unknown. Here, we divided seedlings into hypocotyls and upper aerial parts, and performed microarray analyses. In hypocotyl, 1062 genes were down-regulated in ztl mutants (ztl-3 and ztl-105) compared with wild type; some of these genes encoded enzymes involved in cell wall modification, consistent with reduced hypocotyl elongation. In upper aerial parts, 1038 genes were down-regulated in the ztl mutants compared with wild type; these included genes involved in auxin synthesis and auxin response. Furthermore, the expression of the PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) gene, which encodes a transcription factor known to positively regulate YUCCA genes (YUCs), was also decreased in the ztl mutants. Genetic analysis revealed that overexpression of PIF4 and YUC8 could restore the suppressed hypocotyl length in the ztl mutants. Our results suggest that ZTL induces expression of YUC8 via PIF4 in upper aerial parts and promotes hypocotyl elongation.

Systems, variation, individuality and plant hormones.
Watahiki M, Trewavas A
Progress in biophysics and molecular biology, 146, 3, 22, Oct. 2018, [Peer-reviewed], [Lead author], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Inter-individual variation in plants and particularly in hormone content, figures strongly in evolution and behaviour. Homo sapiens and Arabidopsis exhibit similar and substantial phenotypic and molecular variation. Whereas there is a very substantial degree of hormone variation in mankind, reports of inter-individual variation in plant hormone content are virtually absent but are likely to be as large if not larger than that in mankind. Reasons for this absence are discussed. Using an example of inter-individual variation in ethylene content in ripening, the article shows how biological time is compressed by hormones. It further resolves an old issue of very wide hormone dose response that result directly from negative regulation in hormone (and light) transduction. Negative regulation is used because of inter-individual variability in hormone synthesis, receptors and ancillary proteins, a consequence of substantial genomic and environmental variation. Somatic mosaics have been reported for several plant tissues and these too contribute to tissue variation and wide variation in hormone response. The article concludes by examining what variation exists in gravitropic responses. There are multiple sensing systems of gravity vectors and multiple routes towards curvature. These are an aspect of the need for reliability in both inter-individual variation and unpredictable environments. Plant hormone inter-individuality is a new area for research and is likely to change appreciation of the mechanisms that underpin individual behaviour.

Correction to: Space-time analysis of gravitropism in etiolated Arabidopsis hypocotyls using bioluminescence imaging of the IAA19 promoter fusion with a destabilized luciferase reporter.
Yamamoto KT, Watahiki MK, Matsuzaki J, Satoh S, Shimizu H
Journal of plant research, 131, 5, 889, 889, Sep. 2018, [Peer-reviewed], [Lead author], [Domestic magazines]
English, The article Space-time analysis of gravitropism in etiolated Arabidopsis hypocotyls using bioluminescence imaging of the IAA19 promoter fusion with a destabilized luciferase reporter, written by Kotaro T. Yamamoto, Masaaki K. Watahiki, Jun Matsuzaki, Soichirou Satoh and Hisayo Shimizu, was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 10 April 2017 without open access.

YUCCA9-Mediated Auxin Biosynthesis and Polar Auxin Transport Synergistically Regulate Regeneration of Root Systems Following Root Cutting
Dongyang Xu, Jiahang Miao, Emi Yumoto, Takao Yokota, Masashi Asahina, Masaaki Watahiki
PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY, 58, 10, 1710, 1723, Oct. 2017, [Peer-reviewed], [Corresponding author]
English, Scientific journal

Space-time analysis of gravitropism in etiolated Arabidopsis hypocotyls using bioluminescence imaging of the IAA19 promoter fusion with a destabilized luciferase reporter
Kotaro T. Yamamoto, Masaaki K. Watahiki, Jun Matsuzaki, Soichirou Satoh, Hisayo Shimizu
JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH, 130, 4, 765, 777, Jul. 2017, [Peer-reviewed], [Lead author]
English, Scientific journal

UV-B-Induced CPD Photolyase Gene Expression is Regulated by UVR8-Dependent and -Independent Pathways in Arabidopsis
Nan Li, Mika Teranishi, Hiroko Yamaguchi, Tomonao Matsushita, Masaaki K. Watahiki, Tomohiko Tsuge, Shao-Shan Li, Jun Hidema
PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY, 56, 10, 2014, 2023, Oct. 2015, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Reduced phototropism in pks mutants may be due to altered auxin-regulated gene expression or reduced lateral auxin transport
Chitose Kami, Laure Allenbach, Melina Zourelidou, Karin Ljung, Frederic Schuetz, Erika Isono, Masaaki K. Watahiki, Kotaro T. Yamamoto, Claus Schwechheimer, Christian Fankhauser
PLANT JOURNAL, 77, 3, 393, 403, Feb. 2014, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Arabidopsis RPT2a, 19S Proteasome Subunit, Regulates Gene Silencing via DNA Methylation
Kaori Sako, Yuko Maki, Tomoyuki Kanai, Eriko Kato, Shugo Maekawa, Shigetaka Yasuda, Takeo Sato, Masaaki K. Watahiki, Junji Yamaguchi
PLOS ONE, 7, 5, May 2012, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Changes in growth kinetics of stamen filaments cause inefficient pollination in massugu2, an auxin insensitive, dominant mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana
Satoko Tashiro, Chang-en Tian, Masaaki K. Watahiki, Kotaro T. Yamamoto
PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM, 137, 2, 175, 187, Oct. 2009, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Specificity and similarity of functions of the Aux/IAA genes in auxin signaling of arabidopsis revealed by promoter-exchange experiments among MSG2 IAA19, AXR2/IAA7, and SLR/IAA141
Hideki Muto, Masaaki K. Watahiki, Daisuke Nakamoto, Masataka Kinjo, Kotaro T. Yamamoto
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, 144, 1, 187, 196, May 2007, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Differential expression of the auxin primary response gene MASSUGU2/IAA19 during tropic responses of Arabidopsis hypocotyls
Kyoko Saito, Masaaki K. Watahiki, Kotaro T. Yamamoto
PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM, 130, 1, 148, 156, May 2007, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

What makes each Aux/IAA gene unique in its gene family, expression pattern or properties of the gene product?
Hideki Muto, Masaaki K. Watahiki, Kotaro T. Yamamoto
Plant Signaling and Behavior, 2, 5, 390, 392, Landes Bioscience, 2007, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Spatial and temporal analysis of MSG2/IAA 19 gene of arabidopsis by the use of firefly luciferase gene fusion
Soichirou Satoh, Masaaki Watahiki, Kotaro Yamamoto
PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY, 48, S195, S195, 2007
English

Measuring molecular interaction between Aux/IAA proteins and auxin response factors of Arabidopsis by fluorescence cross-correlation analyses
MUTO Hideki, NAGAO Issei, WATAHIKI Masaaki, KINJO Masataka, YAMAMOTO Kotaro
Journal of plant research, 119, 0, 179, 179, 01 Dec. 2006, [Peer-reviewed]
English

Analysis of degradative activity of the MSG2/IAA19 protein by the use of MSG2-fused luciferase in Arabidopsis
SATOH Soichirou, WATAHIKI Masaaki, TASHIRO Satoko, YAMAMOTO Kotaro
Journal of plant research, 119, 0, 174, 175, 01 Dec. 2006, [Peer-reviewed]
English

Overexpression of the RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 (RCD1) gene of arabidopsis causes weak rcd1 phenotype with compromised oxidative-stress responses
Takahiro Fujibe, Hikaru Saji, Masaaki K. Watahiki, Kotaro T. Yamamoto
BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, 70, 8, 1827, 1831, Aug. 2006, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Fluctuations in the pollen tube tip-focused calcium gradient are not reflected in nuclear calcium level: a comparative analysis using recombinant yellow cameleon calcium reporter
MK Watahiki, AJ Trewavas, RM Parton
SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION, 17, 3, 125, 130, Sep. 2004, [Peer-reviewed], [Lead author]
English, Scientific journal

MASSUGU2 encodes Aux/IAA19, an auxin-regulated protein that functions together with the transcriptional activator NPH4/ARF7 to regulate differential growth responses of hypocotyl and formation of lateral roots in Arabidopsis thaliana
K Tatematsu, S Kumagai, H Muto, A Sato, MK Watahiki, RM Harper, E Liscum, KT Yamamoto
PLANT CELL, 16, 2, 379, 393, Feb. 2004, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Pollen tubes exhibit regular periodic membrane trafficking events in the absence of apical extension
RM Parton, S Fischer-Parton, AJ Trewavas, MK Watahiki
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE, 116, 13, 2707, 2719, Jul. 2003, [Peer-reviewed], [Corresponding author]
English, Scientific journal

Localization of pollen tube NpCDPK7 protein in generative cell membrane mediated by amino terminal myristoylation.
MK Watahiki, RM Parton, AJ Trewavas
ADVANCED RESEARCH ON PLANT LIPIDS, 327, 330, 2003, [Peer-reviewed], [Lead author]
English, International conference proceedings

Dynamics of the apical vesicle accumulation and the rate of growth are related in individual pollen tubes
RM Parton, S Fischer-Parton, MK Watahiki, AJ Trewavas
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE, 114, 14, 2685, 2695, Jul. 2001, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

An agravitropic mutant of Arabidopsis, endodermal-amyloplast less 1, that lacks amyloplasts in hypocotyl endodermal cell layer
K Fujihira, T Kurata, MK Watahiki, Karahara, I, KT Yamamoto
PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY, 41, 11, 1193, 1199, Nov. 2000, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

The NPH4 locus encodes the auxin response factor ARF7, a conditional regulator of differential growth in aerial Arabidopsis tissue
RM Harper, EL Stowe-Evans, DR Luesse, H Muto, K Tatematsu, MK Watahiki, K Yamamoto, E Liscum
PLANT CELL, 12, 5, 757, 770, May 2000, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

A NOVEL ARABIDOPSIS MUTANT, eall DEFECTIVE IN GRAVITY PERCEPTION IN HYPOCOTYLS AND STEMS
FUJIHIRA Kenichiro, KURATA Tetsuya, WATAHIKI Masaaki K, YAMAMOTO Kotaro T
Plant and cell physiology, 40, 0, s145, s145, Mar. 1999
English

The MSG1 and AXR1 genes of Arabidopsis are likely to act independently in growth-curvature responses of hypocotyls
MK Watahiki, K Tatematsu, K Fujihira, M Yamamoto, KT Yamamoto
PLANTA, 207, 3, 362, 369, Jan. 1999, [Peer-reviewed], [Lead author]
English, Scientific journal

The massugu1 mutation of Arabidopsis identified with failure of auxin-induced growth curvature of hypocotyl confers auxin insensitivity to hypocotyl and leaf
MK Watahiki, KT Yamamoto
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, 115, 2, 419, 426, Oct. 1997, [Peer-reviewed], [Lead author]
English, Scientific journal

Arabidopsis mutants that have defects in hypocotyl growth curvature induced by unilateral application of auxin.
KT Yamamoto, K Tatematsu, K Fujihira, M Yamamoto, MK Watahiki
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, 114, 3, 771, 771, Jul. 1997
English

INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF AUXINS AND RELATED SUBSTANCES ON THE ACTIVITY OF AN ARABIDOPSIS GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE ISOZYME EXPRESSED IN ESCHERICHIA-COLI
MK WATAHIKI, H MORI, KT YAMAMOTO
PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM, 94, 4, 566, 574, Aug. 1995, [Peer-reviewed], [Lead author]
English, Scientific journal

A NEW ISOZYME OF PLASTID OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACID DESATURASE IN ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA
MK WATAHIKI, KT YAMAMOTO
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, 105, 4, 1451, 1452, Aug. 1994, [Peer-reviewed], [Lead author]
English

Involvement of phytoene desaturase activity and auxin signaling for root-cut response in Arabidopsis thaliana
XU Kang, YUMOTO Emi, ASAHINA Masashi, HAYASHI Ken-ichiro, KATO Takehide, MORITA Miyo T., FUKAKI Hidehiro, WATAHIKI Masaaki K., WATAHIKI Masaaki K., 日本植物生理学会年会(Web), 63rd, 2022

アントラニル酸と環状構造物インドール‐7‐カルボン酸は発根促進活性において相似性を示す
眞木祐子, 岩倉優, 副島洋, 綿引雅昭, 谷野圭持, 山口淳二, 植物の生長調節, 51, Supplement, 40, 07 Oct. 2016
Japanese

ヒメツリガネゴケCDKAによる光応答の制御
井上夏実, BAO Liang, 石川雅樹, 石川雅樹, 比嘉毅, 日渡祐二, 関根政実, 綿引雅昭, 長谷部光泰, 長谷部光泰, 和田正三, 藤田知道, 日本植物学会大会研究発表記録, 80th, 164, 01 Sep. 2016
Japanese

P022 Anthranilic acid and its derivatives promote rooting specifically to adventitious root
Maki Yuko, Soejima Hiroshi, Sato Takeo, Watahiki Masaaki, Yamaguchi Junji, 植物化学調節学会研究発表記録集, 50, 40, 40, 01 Oct. 2015
The Japanese Society for Chemical Regulation of Plants, Japanese

アントラニル酸および誘導体は不定根特異的発根促進活性を持つ
眞木祐子, 副島洋, 佐藤長緒, 綿引雅昭, 山口淳二, 植物の生長調節, 50, Supplement, 40, 01 Oct. 2015
Japanese

植物ホルモンによるクロマチン構造制御システムの探索
長谷川淳子, 坂本卓也, 綿引雅昭, 松永幸大, Plant Morphology, 27, 1, 52, Apr. 2015
Japanese

DNA損傷ストレスにおけるオーキシンの機能解析
長谷川淳子, 桧垣匠, 朽名夏麿, 坂本卓也, 綿引雅昭, 馳澤盛一郎, 松永幸大, 日本植物学会大会研究発表記録, 78th, 194, 01 Sep. 2014
Japanese

植物ホルモンによるDNA損傷応答制御メカニズムの解析
長谷川淳子, 坂本卓也, 綿引雅昭, 桧垣匠, 馳澤盛一郎, 松永幸大, Plant Morphol, 26, 1, 74, Apr. 2014
Japanese

AUX/IAA19プロモーター活性におけるオーキシンフィードバック回路とAUX/IAA優性変異体の影響
久保田真実, 孫惠慧, 綿引雅昭, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 55th, 241, 11 Mar. 2014
Japanese

ボカシ肥料中から単離された発根促進物質フェニル乳酸はトリプトファンと協働作用を示す
眞木祐子, 副島洋, 北村亨, 杉山民二, 綿引雅昭, 山口淳二, 日本植物細胞分子生物学会大会・シンポジウム講演要旨集, 31st, 235, 20 Aug. 2013
Japanese

DNA損傷応答における植物ホルモンの機能解析
長谷川淳子, 坂本卓也, 綿引雅昭, 松永幸大, 日本植物学会大会研究発表記録, 77th, 129, 20 Aug. 2013
Japanese

早期オーキシン応答の時空間制御と応答メカニズムの再編
久保田真実, 綿引雅昭, 日本植物学会大会研究発表記録, 77th, 249, 20 Aug. 2013
Japanese

ボカシ肥料中から単離された発根促進物質フェニル乳酸はトリプトファンと協働作用を示す
眞木祐子, 副島洋, 北村亨, 杉山民二, 綿引雅昭, 山口淳二, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 54th, 321, 14 Mar. 2013
Japanese

早期オーキシン応答性AUX/IAA19遺伝子の初期応答
綿引雅昭, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 54th, 185, 14 Mar. 2013
Japanese

ASL5の過剰発現はシロイヌナズナ花茎の重力屈性変異atlazy1を抑圧する
佐々木秋, 佐藤敦子, 綿引雅昭, 門屋亨介, 笠原康裕, 山本興太朗, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 54th, 175, 14 Mar. 2013
Japanese

オーキシン耐性を示す優性突然変異体msg2の抑圧変異に関する研究
高橋明佳, 綿引雅昭, 山本興太朗, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 54th, 256, 14 Mar. 2013
Japanese

ライブイメージングで明らかにするオーキシン応答と形態形成
綿引雅昭, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 53rd, 122, 09 Mar. 2012
Japanese

LAZY1とARG1を介するシロイヌナズナ花茎の重力シグナル伝達系の解析
佐々木秋, 佐藤敦子, 綿引雅昭, 山本興太朗, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 53rd, 151, 09 Mar. 2012
Japanese

シロイヌナズナ花茎屈地性異常変異sgr2における弱い新規アレルの単離と解析
佐藤敦子, 綿引雅昭, 山本興太朗, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 53rd, 306, 09 Mar. 2012
Japanese

オーキシン応答カイネティクスで明らかになったmsg2‐1の傾斜屈性の存在
岡本崇, 山本興太朗, 綿引雅昭, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 53rd, 159, 09 Mar. 2012
Japanese

シロイヌナズナ26Sプロテアソームを介したDNAメチル化制御機構の解析
佐古香織, 金井知行, 加藤絵里子, 綿引雅昭, 山口淳二, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 52nd, 169, 11 Mar. 2011
Japanese

シロイヌナズナ花茎の負の重力応答に関与する新規遺伝子の単離と機能解析
佐々木秋, 佐藤敦子, 綿引雅昭, 山本興太朗, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 51st, 150, 12 Mar. 2010
Japanese

26Sプロテアソームサブユニットを介した遺伝子発現制御機構の解析
眞木祐子, 佐古香織, 綿引雅昭, GOTO Derek, 山口淳二, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 51st, 114, 12 Mar. 2010
Japanese

シロイヌナズナMSG2/IAA19の発現制御に関わる因子のプロモーターGFP系統を用いた突然変異体スクリーニング
佐藤敦子, 綿引雅昭, 山本興太朗, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 51st, 242, 12 Mar. 2010
Japanese

発光レポーターを用いたオーキシン応答性プロモーター活性の解析
岡本崇, 林謙一郎, 山本興太朗, 綿引雅昭, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 51st, 311, 12 Mar. 2010
Japanese

シロイヌナズナ側根の傾斜重力屈性の生理学的および分子遺伝学的解析
松崎潤, 軸丸裕介, 綿引雅昭, 神谷勇治, 山本興太朗, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 51st, 149, 12 Mar. 2010
Japanese

発光レポーターを使った可視化技術で見るオーキシン応答
綿引雅昭, 山本興太朗, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 50th, 86, 16 Mar. 2009
Japanese

シロイヌナズナの非典型的Aux/IAAであるIAA20とIAA30の発現様式の研究
佐藤敦子, 綿引雅昭, 山本興太朗, 日本植物学会大会研究発表記録, 72nd, 156, 25 Sep. 2008
Japanese

ルシフェラーゼ融合タンパク質を用いたシロイヌナズナMSG2/IAA19タンパク質レベルの調節の研究
清水久代, 佐藤壮一郎, 綿引雅昭, 山本興太朗, 日本植物学会大会研究発表記録, 72nd, 157, 25 Sep. 2008
Japanese

シロイヌナズナ側根の傾斜屈性を制御する遺伝子の同定およびオーキシン関連因子の解析
松崎潤, 綿引雅昭, 山本興太朗, 日本植物学会大会研究発表記録, 72nd, 234, 25 Sep. 2008
Japanese

ルシフェラーゼ融合タンパク質を用いたシロイヌナズナAux/IAAタンパク質の安定性の研究
清水久代, 佐藤壮一郎, 綿引雅昭, 山本興太朗, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 49th, 270, 15 Mar. 2008
Japanese

生物発光を用いたオーキシン応答の可視化
綿引雅昭, 山本興太朗, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 49th, 189, 15 Mar. 2008
Japanese

シロイヌナズナ側根の傾斜重力屈性の生理学的および分子遺伝学的解析
松崎潤, 綿引雅昭, 山本興太朗, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 49th, 333, 15 Mar. 2008
Japanese

ホタル・ルシフェラーゼ融合遺伝子を用いたシロイヌナズナMSG2/IAA19遺伝子発現の時間的,空間的観察
佐藤壮一郎, 綿引雅昭, 山本興太朗, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 48th, 273, 15 Mar. 2007
Japanese

シロイヌナズナ胚軸の屈性反応で起こるMSG2/IAA19の偏差的発現の観察
斉藤景子, 綿引雅昭, 山本興太朗, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 47th, 195, Mar. 2006
Japanese

シロイヌナズナのmsg2優性突然変異体は花糸伸長の異常により稔性が低下する
田代智子, 山本興太朗, 綿引雅昭, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 47th, 195, Mar. 2006
Japanese

非典型的Aux/IAAタンパク質の機能の分子遺伝学的研究
佐藤敦子, 綿引雅昭, 山本興太朗, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 47th, 324, Mar. 2006
Japanese

Aux/IAA遺伝子の優性突然変異が及ぼす子葉形成異常の特異性
綿引雅昭, 武藤秀樹, 山本興太朗, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 47th, 256, Mar. 2006
Japanese

Aberrant development of cotyledon induced by dominant mutation of Aux/1AA genes
M Watahiki, H Muto, K Yamamoto, PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY, 47, S174, S174, 2006, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Summary international conference

Real-time live imaging of biological responses to environmental stress
D Goto, M Watahiki, R Tanaka, T Nagai, PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY, 47, S219, S219, 2006, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Summary international conference

Molecular genetic study on atypical Aux/IAA proteins of Arabidopsis
A Sato, M Watahiki, K Yamamoto, PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY, 47, S242, S242, 2006, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Summary international conference

Reduced fecundity of a dominant Aux/1AA mutant, msg2/iaa19, due to aberrant growth of stamen filament
S Tashiro, K Yamamoto, M Watahiki, PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY, 47, S115, S115, 2006, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Summary international conference

Differential expression of MSG2/1JAA19 promoter :: GUS observed in hypocotyls during tropistic responses
K Saito, M Watahiki, K Yamamoto, PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY, 47, S115, S115, 2006, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Summary international conference

1P330 Real-time imaging of the gravity signal transduction in Arabidopsis
Saito K, Watahiki M, Yamamoto K, Nagai T, Biophysics, 45, 1, S114, 19 Oct. 2005
The Biophysical Society of Japan, Japanese

花粉管伸長におけるカルモジュリンドメインプロテインカイネース(CDPK)のダイナミックな振る舞いとカルシウムシグナリング
綿引雅昭, TREWAVAS Anthony J, PARTON Richard M, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 46th, 103, Mar. 2005
Japanese

Dynamic localization of calmodulin domain protein kinase (CDPK) and its relationship to calcium signalling in growing pollen tubes.
M Watahiki, AJ Trewavas, RM Parton, PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY, 46, S28, S28, 2005, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Summary international conference

はい軸と花茎で重力感知を欠損したシロイヌナズナの新規突然変異体endodermis amyloplast‐less 1の解析
藤平健一郎, 倉田哲也, 綿引雅昭, 山本興太朗, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 39th, 216, 20 Mar. 1999
Japanese

オーキシンによる偏差成長異常突然変異体msg1とオーキシン耐性突然変異体axr1やaux1との二重突然変異体の生理学的性質
綿引雅昭, 藤平健一郎, 立松圭, 山本興太朗, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 38th(1998), 133, May 1998
Japanese

はい軸屈曲反応が欠損したシロイヌナズナ優性突然変異体msg2の単離とその遺伝学的・生理学的解析
立松圭, 山本誠, 綿引雅昭, 山本興太朗, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 38th(1998), 134, May 1998
Japanese

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DOUBLE MUTANTS BETWEEN AUXIN-INSENSITIVE MUTANTS OF ARABIDOPSIS, msg1 AND axr1 OR aux1
WATAHIKI Masaaki K, FUJIHIRA Ken-ichiro, TATEMATSU Kiyoshi, YAMAMOTO Kotaro T, Plant and cell physiology, 39, 0, S71, S71, May 1998
English

ISOLATION AND INITIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A DOMINANT MUTANT OF ARABIDOPSIS, msg2, DEFECTIVE IN AUXIN-INDUCED HYPOCOTYL GROWTH CURVATURE
TATEMATSU Kiyoshi, YAMAMOTO Makoto, WATAHIKI Masaaki K, YAMAMOTO Kotaro T, Plant and cell physiology, 39, 0, S71, S71, May 1998
English

シロイヌナズナのオーキシン感受性と重力屈性に関する突然変異体の解析
綿引 雅昭, 藤平 建一郎, 山本 興太朗, 日本植物学会大会研究発表記録 = Proceedings of the annual meeting of the Botanical Society of Japan, 60, 0, 262, 262, Oct. 1996
Japanese

シロイヌナズナのオーキシン感受性と重力屈性に関する突然変異体の解析
綿引雅昭, 藤平健一郎, 山本興太朗, 日本植物学会大会研究発表記録, 60th, 262, 262, 1996
Japanese

シロイヌナズナの伸長成長に関するIAA非感受性突然変異体の単離と解析
綿引 雅昭, 山本 興太郎, 日本植物学会大会研究発表記録 = Proceedings of the annual meeting of the Botanical Society of Japan, 59, 0, 267, 267, 24 Sep. 1995
Japanese

大腸菌で発現させたシロイヌナズナのグルタチオンS‐トランスフェラーゼ(GST)の酵素活性に対するオーキシンの効果
綿引雅昭, 山本興太朗, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 35th(1995), 150, Mar. 1995
Japanese

EFFECTS OF AUXINS ON ENZYME ACTIVITY OFARABIDOPSIS GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE (GST) FUNCTIONALLYEXPRESSED IN E. COLI
WATAHIKI Masaaki K, YAMAMOTO Kotaro T, Plant and cell physiology, 36, 0, S91, Mar. 1995
English

シロイヌナズナの伸長成長に関するIAA非感受性突然変異体の単離と解析
綿引雅昭, 山本興太朗, 日本植物学会大会研究発表記録, 59th, 267, 1995
Japanese

側根新生の時空間的周期性と可塑性を実現する仕組みの解明
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)
Jun. 2019 - Mar. 2024
深城 英弘, 綿引 雅昭
維管束植物の根は，内生・外生の要因に応じた側根形成を通じて根系構造を可塑的に構築する。側根は一次根に沿って一定の間隔で作られるが，その周期性は根端付近における数千遺伝子の発現振動の総体として観測されるRoot clockに相関している。この時間周期が一次根軸に沿って一定の間隔でオーキシン応答極大を形成し，これが予定分岐部位（プレブランチサイト：PBS）へと運命づけられる。根系構造の可塑性は，Root clock の時間振動が根に沿ったPBS の空間周期に変換され，さらにPBS から側根原基が形成される過程に何らかの変調作用が入力されることで生み出されるが，この機構は不明である。本研究では，側根新生の長時間広域発光・蛍光イメージング系や変異体・マーカー系統を画像解析，数理モデル解析，人間拡張工学と融合させ，Root clock に依存した側根形成の空間的周期性の制御とその変調機構を明らかにする。2019年度の主な成果を以下に示す。
１）Root clock に応答して周期的に発現変動する発光・蛍光レポーター系統や，PBS・側根創始細胞・側根原基で発現するレポーター系統を用いた高精度長時間広域イメージングによる観察測定系を確立するため，根の成長を維持しながら観察できる横倒し（水平型）発光・蛍光顕微鏡の構築を行った。
２）DR5:LUCレポーター系統を用いた解析を行い，側根形成開始を制御するSLR/IAA14-ARF7-ARF19を介したオーキシン応答が， 側根創始細胞の形成以前のPBS形成過程に関与することが示唆された。また，変異原処理したDR5:LUC系統から，側根新生の時空間的周期性など，側根プレパターニングに異常を示す変異体や，側根創始細胞間の距離を調節するTOLS2ペプチドへの応答性が異常な変異体の選抜を進め，変異体候補を複数系統単離した。
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area), Kobe University, Coinvestigator, 19H05673

新規オーキシンレポーターによるオーキシン応答再編メカニズムの解明
科学研究費補助金(新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型))
2013 - 2014
綿引 雅昭
本研究は領域研究前半で明らかになった「オーキシン応答の再編メカニズム」を分子レベルで明らかにし，オーキシン遺伝子発現のプロファイリング（将来予測）を行うための技術開発を本研究の第一目標とした。さらにオーキシン応答の至適濃度と器官特異性の関係もオーキシン応答機構の再編（記憶）が関わっていると考えられるので，本新技術の適用によってそのメカニズムを明らかにすることが第2の目標である。１．多色ルシフェラーゼ発光の色分離；プロモーターの状態をリアルタイムで計測できるようにPEST配列を持つRLucPESTを作成し，pIAA19-ElucPEST，RLucPESTを両方持つシロイヌナズナを作出し，色分離に成功した。２．新奇IAA19突然変異体の作出；AUX/IAA19の優性突然変異体であるmassugu2はオーキシン応答能が低下しているだけではなく，「オーキシン応答の再編」過程に異常があることがわかっている。そこでmsg2-1およびMSG2のcDNAにランダム変異を誘発し，pIAA19-ElucPESTをもつシロイヌナズナに導入した個体の作出と解析を行う。３．多色オーキシンレポーターの作出；異なるオーキシン応答遺伝子間の「オーキシン応答の再編」を観察することで，オーキシン応答再編がスッテップワイズに進行する様子が明らかになると考えられる。そこでDR5人工プロモーターの下流にRLucPESTを融合したコンストラクトをシロイヌナズナに導入し，「オーキシン応答の再編」が起こることを確認する。；４．光応答とオーキシン関連突然変異体におけるオーキシン応答の再編オーキシン合成，光応答変異体におけるオーキシン応答の再編を調べるため，掛け合わせによりpIAA19-ElucPESTを導入し，解析を行う。
文部科学省, 新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型), 北海道大学, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding, 25120701

発光を用いた植物環境センサーとイメージング技術の開発
科学研究費補助金(新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型))
2011 - 2012
綿引 雅昭
本研究では短寿命型ルシフェラーゼを使って，早期オーキシン誘導性AUX/IAA19の発現挙動を詳細に解析することで，形態形成の時間的空間的制御過程を明らかにし，オーキシン応答性遺伝子の挙動を可視化する技術の開発と検証を行った。
pIAA19:ELuc-PESTシロイヌナズナの根切片を用い，pIAA19:ELuc-PEST活性の基底状態からの外性オーキシンに対するオーキシン応答キネティクスを計測した。その結果，１）AUX/IAA19のIAAに対する応答は一過的である，２）オーキシン応答は濃度依存的であるが，至適値以上では阻害される，３）一過的な応答の後，さらに高濃度のオーキシン投与によって一過的な応答を誘導できるが，初回の応答とは異なったキネティクスを示す。４）オーキシン投与から応答までの時間差に濃度依存性は見られない。これらのことから，オーキシン基底状態を活性化させる因子の性質は濃度依存性という観点から同一であるが，活性の進行にかかわる因子に濃度依存性があることが示唆された。さらにオーキシンレセプターであるTir1/AFBs阻害剤PEO-IAAで前処理した場合，１）一過的な発現は維持されているが，発現速度においてPEO-IAAは外性IAAと競合している，２）同レベルのIAA濃度で発現速度を比較したとき，PEO-IAA投与時のほうが総発光量が低い。ドミナント突然変異体aux/iaa19/msg2-1，ARF7, ARF19，ARF7/ARF19背景では１）野生型に比べて発現速度が低下していたが，高濃度のオーキシンで活性化できる，２）総発光量は野生型msg2-1arf7arf7/arf19の順に低下していた。
以上のことから，オーキシン初期応答はAUX/IAA-ARF-Tir1/AFBsのコンビネーション変化による次空間的な制御を受けていることが示唆された。
文部科学省, 新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型), 北海道大学, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding, 23120501

Integrative regulatory system by a plant hormone, auxin
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(特定領域研究)
2007 - 2012
Kotaro YAMAMOTO, 綿引 雅昭
シロイヌナズナで花茎の成長方向を調節している遺伝子LAZY1の機能を調べた。同遺伝子の機能欠損変異体は、花茎が明所で水平方向に傾斜して成長する。同遺伝子のプロモーターGUS融合遺伝子を用いて発現部位を調べると、側枝が主茎から分岐する部位では上側(向軸側)の内皮細胞層に偏差的に発現していた。一方、オーキシン誘導性遺伝子MSG2/IAA19の発現は、側枝の下側に偏差的に発現していた。また、LAZY1発現はオーキシン抑制性だった。LAZY1は細胞膜周辺に存在するので、以上の結果は、LAZY1がオーキシンの偏差分布形成を助ける機能を持っていることを示唆しているだろう。上述のMSG2は根に発現しているにも関わらず、その優性突然変異体msg2は根の屈地性が異常とはならない。MSG2発現のオーキシン応答をmsg2変異体でルシフェラーゼ融合タンパク質を用いて調べると、オーキシン添加後約1時間の間は正常で、その後応答が起こりにくくなることが分かった。そこで、根の成長方向に障害物を置いて、根が障害物を避けるには長期間の屈地性応答が必要になるようにしてやると、野生型に比べてmsg2変異体では屈地性応答が起こりにくくなることが分かった。つまり、MSG2タンパク質の蓄積量には閾値があって、長いオーキシン応答によってMSG2が閾値以上蓄積するようになると、オーキシンによる屈地性応答に関わるオーキシン応答...
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, 特定領域研究, 北海道大学, Coinvestigator not use grants, Competitive research funding, 19060008

オーキシン情報伝達系の分子機構研究
科学研究費補助金(特定領域研究)
2002 - 2006
山本 興太朗, 綿引 雅昭
MSG2タンパク質を検出するために、ルシフェラーゼ融合タンパク質として検出することを試みた。その結果、シロイヌナズナ黄化芽生えでのMSG2 promoter (pMSG2)::MSG2::LUC活性は、pMSG2::LUCの1/10程度だった。この差がMSG2タンパク質にかかる分解調節だと考えられる。このMSG2::LUC活性はプロモーター活性同様、オーキシン処理によって早期に増加した。明所で栽培した芽生えでは、プラシノステロイドによってMSG2のメッセージが増加することが報告されているが、MSG2::LUCを用いて調べたところ、MSG2タンパク質レベルも同様に増加することが分かった。Aux/IAAとARFとの相互作用を物理的な蛍光相関分光法(fluorescence correlation spectroscopy)を用いて測定した。Aux/IAAとしては、MSG2とAXR2とSLR、 ARFのタンパク質問相互作用ドメインとしてはNPH4/ARF7とMP/ARF5のドメインIIIとドメインIV(CTD)を選んで、両者をHeLa細胞に一過的に発現させ、蛍光強度の相関係数を測定した。その結果、Aux/IAAとARF-CTDの相互作用は強く、両者はほぼ100%結合すること、一方Aux/IAA同士、またはARF-CTD同士の結合は比較的弱く、この場合は20%程度しか結合していないこ...
文部科学省, 特定領域研究, 北海道大学, Coinvestigator not use grants, Competitive research funding, 14036201