Discovering Novel Short- and Medium-Chain Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Human Fecal Samples Using Untargeted Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry.
Jayashankar Jayaprakash, Divyavani Gowda, Rachana M Gangadhara, Shalini Jain, Hariom Yadav, Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda, Shu-Ping Hui
Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM, 39, 12, e10032, 30 Apr. 2025, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, RATIONALE: Exploring novel metabolites produced by host gut microbiome communication is crucial for understanding their roles in various disease pathologies. We previously uncovered a novel class of lipids, short-chain fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (SFAHFAs), in mouse fecal samples and demonstrated their promising physiological functions in mammals. However, the discovery of SFAHFAs in human samples remains unexplored. METHODS: This study aimed to analyze the SFAHFAs and their structural analogs in human fecal samples using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. RESULTS: We identified 26 isomeric lipid species, including SFAHFAs and novel medium-chain fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (MFAHFAs). The detected SFAHFAs and MFAHFAs were characterized by accurate mass measurements using MSn analysis. The results were validated by matching the mass spectral fragmentation and retention time with authentic standards. Two new MFAHFAs, enanthic acid and caprylic acid esters of long-chain hydroxy fatty acids (C24 and C26), were detected and characterized for the first time in human fecal samples. Among the 26 isomeric lipid species, SFAHFA 2:0/24:0 or 4:0/22:0 and SFAHFA 2:0/24:1 were most abundant among the saturated and unsaturated SFAHFAs, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study offers the first insights into detecting and characterizing novel gut microbial lipids in human fecal samples. Further investigations are essential to recognize the metabolism and function of these lipids in the human gut.

Plasma Lipidomics of Preadolescent Children: A Hokkaido Study
Jayashankar Jayaprakash, Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda, Divyavani Gowda, Atsuko Ikeda, Yu Ait Bamai, Rahel Mesfin Ketema, Reiko Kishi, Yifan Chen, Hitoshi Chiba, Shu-Ping Hui
Journal of Lipids, 2025, 3106145, 3106145, Jan. 2025, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Lipids are the most abundant biomolecules of human plasma, and their balance plays a significant role in health and disease management. Despite the importance of lipids, the studies focused on the comprehensive determination of the plasma lipidome in children are limited. In this study, we investigated the sex, age, and weight-specific changes in the plasma lipidome of nonfasting preadolescent children aged 9-12 years (n = 342) using a nontargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. A total of 219 lipid species were characterized in the plasma samples. Multivariate analysis revealed that boys and girls have similar lipid profiles, but relatively higher levels of capric acid-composed triacylglycerols (TGs) were observed in plasma samples of boys. Saturated fatty acids are the most abundant fatty acyls followed by mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the plasma of both boys and girls. Sphingolipids such as ceramides, hexosylceramides, sphingomyelin, and a phospholipid (phosphatidylinositol) were relatively higher in the plasma of a 10-year-old group than other age groups. Plasma levels of TG and phosphatidylserine were increased within age from 9 to 12 years. Furthermore, most of the TG molecular species were increased in the plasma of overweight children compared to the normal range groups. The receiver operating characteristic analysis results show that TG (10:0/10:0/18:1) could be a specific marker for childhood obesity (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.72). Overall, this study highlights the altered plasma lipidome in preadolescent children for sex, age, and percentage of overweight. Early detection of lipid markers for obesity would be a promising target for developing therapeutic strategies.

Integration of lipidomics with targeted, single cell, and spatial transcriptomics defines an unresolved pro-inflammatory state in colon cancer.
Ramani Soundararajan, Michelle M Maurin, Jetsen Rodriguez-Silva, Gunjan Upadhyay, Ashley J Alden, Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda, Michael J Schell, Mingli Yang, Noah Jhad Levine, Divyavani Gowda, Punith M Sundaraswamy, Shu-Ping Hui, Lance Pflieger, Heiman Wang, Jorge Marcet, Carolina Martinez, Robert David Bennett, Allen Chudzinski, Andreas Karachristos, Timothy M Nywening, Paul M Cavallaro, Matthew Linley Anderson, Robert J Coffey, Michael V Nebozhyn, Andrey Loboda, Domenico Coppola, Warren Jackson Pledger, Ganesh V Halade, Timothy J Yeatman
Gut, 20 Dec. 2024, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, BACKGROUND: Over a century ago, Virchow proposed that cancer represents a chronically inflamed, poorly healing wound. Normal wound healing is represented by a transitory phase of inflammation, followed by a pro-resolution phase, with prostaglandin (PGE2/PGD2)-induced 'lipid class switching' producing inflammation-quenching lipoxins (LXA4, LXB4). OBJECTIVE: We explored if lipid dysregulation in colorectal cancers (CRCs) is driven by a failure to resolve inflammation. DESIGN: We performed liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) untargeted analysis of 40 human CRC and normal paired samples and targeted, quantitative analysis of 81 human CRC and normal paired samples. We integrated analysis of lipidomics, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, large scale gene expression, and spatial transcriptomics with public scRNASEQ data to characterize pattern, expression and cellular localisation of genes that produce and modify lipid mediators. RESULTS: Targeted, quantitative LC-MS/MS demonstrated a marked imbalance of pro-inflammatory mediators, with a dearth of resolving lipid mediators. In tumours, we observed prominent over-expression of arachidonic acid derivatives, the genes encoding their synthetic enzymes and receptors, but poor expression of genes producing pro-resolving synthetic enzymes and resultant lipoxins (LXA4, LXB4) and associated receptors. These results indicate that CRC is the product of defective lipid class switching likely related to inadequate or ineffective levels of PGE2/PGD2. CONCLUSION: We show that the lipidomic profile of CRC tumours exhibits a distinct pro-inflammatory bias with a deficiency of endogenous resolving mediators secondary to defective lipid class switching. These observations pave the way for 'resolution medicine', a novel therapeutic approach for inducing or providing resolvins to mitigate the chronic inflammation driving cancer growth and progression.

Nontargeted Lipidomics of Sorghum Grain Reveals Novel Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids and Cultivar Differences in Lipid Profiles
Lipsa Rani Nath, Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda, Thomas H. Roberts, Divyavani Gowda, Ali Khoddami, Shu-Ping Hui
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 72, 37, 20690, 20703, American Chemical Society (ACS), 04 Sep. 2024
Scientific journal

Lipidomics of herbal tea revealed their potential lipid nutrients including novel fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids
Rachana M. Gangadhara, Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda, Kota Yanagimoto, Divyavani Gowda, Hitoshi Chiba, Shu-Ping Hui
Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 30 Aug. 2024
Scientific journal

Determination of plasma lysophosphatidylethanolamines (lyso-PE) by LC-MS/MS revealed a possible relation between obesity and lyso-PE in Japanese preadolescent children: the Hokkaido study.
Nao Inoue, Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda, Divyavani Gowda, Toshihiro Sakurai, Atsuko Ikeda-Araki, Yu Ait Bamai, Rahel Mesfin Ketema, Reiko Kishi, Hitoshi Chiba, Shu-Ping Hui
Annals of clinical biochemistry, 45632241280352, 45632241280352, 21 Aug. 2024, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, BACKGROUND: Lysophosphatidylethanolamines (lyso-PEs) are the partial hydrolysis products of phosphatidylethanolamine. Although lyso-PEs are important biomarkers in various diseases, their determination is limited by the lack of simple and efficient quantification methods. This study aims to develop an improved quantitative method for the determination of lyso-PEs and its application to an epidemiological study. METHODS: Single reaction monitoring channels by collision-induced dissociation for seven lyso-PEs were established using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma lyso-PEs were extracted with a single-phase method using an isotopically labeled internal standard for quantification. The proposed method was adopted to define lyso-PEs in plasma samples of children aged 9-12 years living in Sapporo, Japan. RESULTS: The limit of detection and limit of quantification for each lyso-PE ranged between 0.001-0.015 and 0.002-0.031 pmol/μL, respectively. Recoveries were found to be > 91% for all the species. The analysis results of children's plasma showed that the total lyso-PE concentrations in boys (n = 181) and girls (n = 161) were 11.53 and 11.00 pmol/μL (median), respectively. Participants were further classified by the percentage of overweight and subgrouped as underweight (n = 12), normal range (n = 292), or overweight (n = 38). Interestingly, the reduction of lyso-PE 16:0 and increased lyso-PE 22:6 were observed in overweight children compared with normal range (Fold change: 0.909 and 1.174, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study successfully established a simple quantitative method to determine lyso-PE concentrations. Furthermore, our method revealed the possible relation between plasma lyso-PEs and overweight status.

Lipidomic study of kidney in a mouse model with urine flow obstruction.
Divyavani Gowda, Md Abdul Masum, Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda, Chandra Shekhar, Md Zahir Uddin Rubel, Shunnosuke Kira, Osamu Ichii, Yasuhiro Kon, Hitoshi Chiba, Shu-Ping Hui
Scientific reports, 14, 1, 18042, 18042, 05 Aug. 2024, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Obstructed urine flow is known to cause structural and functional kidney damage leading to renal fibrosis. However, limited information is available on the change in kidney lipids during urinary tract obstruction. In this study, we investigated the change in lipidome in a mouse model with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The establishment of the UUO model was confirmed by histopathological examination using transmission electron microscopy. Untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was carried out over a time course of 4 and 7 days. Compared to the sham control, the UUO kidney at 7 days showed dilatation of the renal tubule with loss of brush borders and thickening of the capillary endothelium. In the kidney lipidomes obtained from the UUO 7 days group compared to the control, a significant decrease of ceramide, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, lysophospholipids, and phosphatidylethanolamine was observed, whereas cholesteryl esters, free fatty acids, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipins were significantly increased. The present study revealed the disturbed lipid metabolism in the UUO model, which may provide a clue to potential lipid pathways and therapeutic targets for the early stage of renal fibrosis.

Dissecting new lipids and their composition in herbal tea using untargeted LC/MS
Lipsa Rani Nath, Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda, Divyavani Gowda, Fengjue Hou, Hitoshi Chiba, Shu Ping Hui
Food Chemistry, 447, 138941, 138941, Elsevier BV, Jul. 2024
Scientific journal

Exploration of New Lipid Nutrients and Their Characterization in Herbal Teas Using Non-Targeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.
Md Abdul Malek, Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda, Rachana M Gangadhara, Divyavani Gowda, Shu-Ping Hui
Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 13, 12, 14 Jun. 2024, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Herbal teas are blends of leaves, seeds, fruits, and flowers from various plants that provide relaxation, anti-inflammatory benefits, and immune system support for conditions such as diabetes and asthma. Despite their health benefits, comprehensive lipidomic data on herbal teas are limited in the literature. We used non-targeted liquid chromatography-linear ion trap orbitrap mass spectrometry to identify and correlate the lipid species in the following six herbal tea samples: fennel, ginger, juniper, lemon peel, orange peel, and rosehip. A total of 204 lipid molecular species were identified, and multivariate analysis revealed a significant difference between lipid species in herbal teas. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are significantly abundant in juniper, including ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, followed by fennel. Cluster correlations showed that ginger contained mainly sphingolipids and lysophospholipids, whereas fennel was rich in phospholipids. No significant variations in the content of triacylglycerols were observed in any of the herbal teas analyzed. The ratio of PUFAs to SFAs in herbal teas showed that orange peel had the highest ratio, followed by lemon peel and fennel, indicating their potential health benefits. In addition, using high-resolution mass spectrometry, various lipids such as fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids and N-acyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamines were identified and characterized in these herbal teas. This study provides a comprehensive lipid analysis and detailed characterization of lipids in six herbal teas, highlighting their plausible applications in the field of nutrition and various food industries for the development of functional foods.

Alterations in plasma short-chain fatty acids in preadolescence children: The Hokkaido study
Yonghan Li, Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda, Divyavani Gowda, Atsuko Ikeda, Yu Ait Bamai, Rahel Mesfin Ketema, Reiko Kishi, Hitoshi Chiba, Shu-Ping Hui
Journal of Chromatography B, 124191, 124191, Elsevier BV, Jun. 2024
Scientific journal

Corrigendum to "Dissecting new lipids and their composition in herbal tea using untargeted LC/MS" [Food Chemistry, 447 (2024), 138941].
Lipsa Rani Nath, Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda, Divyavani Gowda, Fengjue Hou, Hitoshi Chiba, Shu-Ping Hui
Food chemistry, 139745, 139745, 24 May 2024, [International Magazine]
English

A facile method for monitoring sphingomyelin synthase activity in HeLa cells using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.
Punith M Sundaraswamy, Yusuke Minami, Jayashankar Jayaprakash, Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda, Hiroyuki Takatsu, Divyavani Gowda, Hye-Won Shin, Shu-Ping Hui
The Analyst, 07 May 2024, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) is a sphingolipid-metabolizing enzyme involved in the de novo synthesis of sphingomyelin (SM) from ceramide (Cer). Recent studies have indicated that SMS is a key therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as fatty liver, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and colorectal cancer. However, very few SMS inhibitors have been identified because of the limited sensitivity and selectivity of the current fluorescence-based screening assay. In this study, we developed a simple cell-based assay coupled with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to screen for SMS inhibitors. HeLa cells stably expressing SMS1 or SMS2 were used for the screening. A non-fluorescent unnatural C6-Cer was used as a substrate for SMS to produce C6-SM. C6-Cer and C6-SM levels in the cells were monitored and quantified using LC-MS/MS. The activity of ginkgolic acid C15:1 (GA), a known SMS inhibitor, was measured. GA had half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 5.5 μM and 3.6 μM for SMS1 and SMS2, respectively. To validate these findings, hSMS1 and hSMS2 proteins were optimized for molecular docking studies. In silico analyses were conducted to assess the interaction of GA with SMS1 and SMS2, and its binding affinity. This study offers an analytical approach for screening novel SMS inhibitors and provides in silico support for the experimental findings.

Regio-specific lipid fingerprinting of edible sea cucumbers using LC/MS.
Yusuke Minami, Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda, Divyavani Gowda, Hitoshi Chiba, Shu-Ping Hui
Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.), 184, 114253, 114253, May 2024, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Sea cucumbers are a rich source of bioactive compounds and are gaining popularity as nutrient-rich seafood. They are consumed as a whole organism in Pacific regions. However, limited data are available on the comparison of their lipid composition and nutritional value. In this study, untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was applied to comprehensively profile lipids in the skin, meat, and intestinal contents of three color-distinct edible sea cucumbers. Multivariate principal component analysis revealed that the lipid composition of the intestinal contents of red, black, and blue sea cucumbers differs from that of skin, and meats. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are abundant in the intestinal contents, followed by meats of sea cucumber. Lipid nutritional quality assessments based on fatty acid composition revealed a high P:S ratio, low index of atherogenicity, and high health promotion indices for the intestinal contents of red sea cucumber, suggesting its potential health benefits. In addition, hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that the intestinal contents of sea cucumbers were relatively high in PUFA-enriched phospholipids and lysophospholipids. Ceramides are abundant in black skin, blue meat, and red intestinal content samples. Overall, this study provides the first insights into a comprehensive regio-specific profile of the lipid content of sea cucumbers and their potential use as a source of lipid nutrients in food and nutraceuticals.

Sex-Specific Effect of Ethanol on Colon Content Lipidome in a Mice Model Using Nontargeted LC/MS.
Jayashankar Jayaprakash, Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda, Pradeep K Shukla, Divyavani Gowda, Lipsa Rani Nath, Hitoshi Chiba, Radhakrishna Rao, Shu-Ping Hui
ACS omega, 9, 14, 16044, 16054, 09 Apr. 2024, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Consumption of alcohol has widespread effects on the human body. The organs that are most significantly impacted are the liver and digestive system. When alcohol is consumed, it is absorbed in the intestines and processed by the liver. However, excessive alcohol use may affect gut epithelial integrity, microbiome composition, and lipid metabolism. Despite past studies investigating the effect of ethanol on hepatic lipid metabolism, the focus on colonic lipid metabolism has not been well explored. In this study, we investigated the sex-specific effect of ethanol on the colonic content lipidome in a mouse model using nontargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Comprehensive lipidome analysis of colonic flush samples was performed using ethanol-fed (EF) and pair-fed (PF) mice of each sex. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis revealed that ethanol altered colonic lipid composition largely in male mice compared with female mice. A significant increase in free fatty acids, ceramides, and hexosylceramides and decreased phosphatidylglycerols (PG) was observed in the EF group compared to the PF group in male mice. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) levels were increased significantly in the EF group of both sexes compared to the PF group. The volcanic plot shows that PG (O-15:1/15:0) and PE (O-18:2/15:0) are common markers that are increased in both sexes of the EF group. In addition, decreased fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFA) were observed specifically in the EF group of female mice. Overall, a significant variation in the mice colonic content lipidome between the EF and PF groups was observed. Target pathways, such as sphingolipid metabolism in males, FAHFA in females, and PE metabolism in both sexes, were suggested. This study provides new insight into the sex-dependent lipid change associated with alcohol-induced gut-microbiota dysfunction and its potential health impacts.

Synthesis and quantification of short-chain fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids in rat intestinal contents and fecal samples by LC-MS/MS
Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda, Fengjue Hou, Divyavani Gowda, Hitoshi Chiba, Kentaro Kawakami, Satoru Fukiya, Atsushi Yokota, Shu-Ping Hui
Analytica Chimica Acta, 1288, 342145, 342145, Elsevier BV, Feb. 2024
Scientific journal

Regiospecific analysis of lipidome in the brain from mammals of land and aquatic habitats-by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda, Divyavani Gowda, Fengjue Hou, Chandra Shekhar, Hitoshi Chiba, Nina Patzke, Shu-Ping Hui
Heliyon, 9, 12, e22959, e22959, Elsevier BV, Dec. 2023
Scientific journal

Crosstalk between Lipids and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Divyavani Gowda, Chandra Shekhar, Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda, Yifan Chen, Shu-Ping Hui
Livers, 3, 4, 687, 708, MDPI AG, 23 Nov. 2023
Scientific journal, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a complex liver disorder that can result in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer, is the accumulation of fat in the liver seen in people due to metabolic dysfunction. The pathophysiology of NAFLD is influenced by several variables, such as metabolic dysregulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and genetic susceptibility. This illness seriously threatens global health because of its link to obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic disorders. In recent years, lipid–NAFLD crosstalk has drawn a lot of interest. Through numerous methods, lipids have been connected to the onset and advancement of the illness. The connection between lipids and NAFLD is the main topic of the current review, along with the various therapeutic targets and currently available drugs. The importance of hepatic lipid metabolism in the progression of NAFLD is summarized with the latest results in the field.

Determination of plasma short-chain fatty acids in healthy children by LC-MS/MS(タイトル和訳中)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
李 泳翰, Gowda Siddabasave Gowda Bomme, Gowda Divyavani, 池田 敦子, Ketema Rahel Mesfin, 千葉 仁志, 惠 淑萍
臨床化学, 52, Suppl.1, 164, 164, (一社)日本臨床化学会, Oct. 2023
English

Analysis of plasmalogen levels in plasma samples of children by LC/MS(タイトル和訳中)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Gen Yifan, Gowda Siddabasave Gowda Bomme, Gowda Divyavani, Ketema Rahel Mesfin, 池田 敦子, 千葉 仁志, 惠 淑萍
臨床化学, 52, Suppl.1, 172, 172, (一社)日本臨床化学会, Oct. 2023
English

Detection of potential lipid biomarkers for acute kidney injury using LC/MS(タイトル和訳中)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Gowda Divyavani, Gowda Siddabasave Gowda Bomme, 千葉 仁志, 惠 淑萍
臨床化学, 52, Suppl.1, 172, 172, (一社)日本臨床化学会, Oct. 2023
English

非標的液体クロマトグラフィー/質量分析による食用ナマコの機能性脂質分析　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
南 雄介, Gowda Siddabasave Gowda Bomme, Gowda Divyavani, 千葉 仁志, 惠 淑萍
臨床化学, 52, Suppl.1, 189, 189, (一社)日本臨床化学会, Oct. 2023
Japanese

スフィンゴミエリン合成酵素阻害作用を持つ海藻抽出物のスクリーニングのためのLC/MS分析法の開発 in-vitroおよびin-silicoを用いた包括的アプローチ(Development of an LC/MS assay method for evaluating sphingomyelin synthase inhibition and screening of seaweed extracts: Comprehensive in-vitro and in-silico approaches)
Jayashankar J., Gowda Siddabasave Gowda B., Gowda Divyavani, Chiba Hitoshi, Hui Shu-Ping
JSBMS Letters, 48, Suppl., 58, 58, (一社)日本医用マススペクトル学会, Aug. 2023
English

液体クロマトグラフィー-質量分析計を用いた分析による食品中の新規脂質発見の推進(Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry driven discovery of new lipids in food)
Gowda Siddabasave Gowda B., Nath Lipsa Rani, Minami Yusuke, Gowda Divyavani, Chiba Hitoshi, Hui Shu-Ping
JSBMS Letters, 48, Suppl., 76, 76, (一社)日本医用マススペクトル学会, Aug. 2023
English

モロコシ栽培品種の非標的化LC/MS分析を用いた包括的脂質組成分析(Non-targeted LC/MS based comprehensive lipid profiling of sorghum cultivars)
Nath Lipsa Rani, Gowda Siddabasave Gowda B, Roberts Thomas, Gowda Divyavani, Chiba Hitoshi, Hui Shu-Ping
JSBMS Letters, 48, Suppl., 78, 78, (一社)日本医用マススペクトル学会, Aug. 2023
English

Lipid Composition Analysis and Characterization of Acyl Sterol Glycosides in Adzuki and Soybean Cultivars by Non-Targeted LC-MS.
Rachana M Gangadhara, Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda, Divyavani Gowda, Ken Inui, Shu-Ping Hui
Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 12, 14, 21 Jul. 2023, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Beans, a globally significant economic and nutritional food crop, are rich in polyphenolic chemicals with potential health advantages, providing high protein, fiber, minerals, and vitamins. However, studies on the global profiling of lipids in beans are limited. We applied a non-targeted lipidomic approach based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) to comprehensively profile and compare the lipids in six distinct bean cultivars, namely, adzuki red beans-adzuki cultivar (ARB-AC), adzuki red beans-Benidainagon cultivar (ARB-BC), adzuki red beans-Erimoshouzu cultivar (ARB-EC), soybean-Fukuyutaka cultivar 2021 (SB-FC21), soybean-Fukuyutaka cultivar 2022 (SB-FC22), and soybean-Oosuzu cultivar (SB-OC). MS/MS analysis defined 144 molecular species from four main lipid groups. Multivariate principal component analysis indicated unique lipid compositions in the cultivars except for ARB-BC and ARB-EC. Evaluation of the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid ratio among all the cultivars showed that SB-FC21 and SB-FC22 had the highest value, suggesting they are the most beneficial for health. Furthermore, lipids such as acyl sterol glycosides were detected and characterized for the first time in these bean cultivars. Hierarchical cluster correlations revealed the predominance of ceramides in ARB-EC, lysophospholipids in SB-FC21, and glycerophospholipids in SB-OC. This study comprehensively investigated lipids and their compositions in beans, indicating their potential utility in the nutritional evaluation of beans as functional foods.

Changes in the Size Distributions of Oxalic Acid and Related Polar Compounds Over Northern Japan During Spring
Dhananjay Kumar Deshmukh, Kimitaka Kawamura, Minoru Kobayashi, Divyavani Gowda
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 128, 11, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 31 May 2023
Scientific journal, Abstract

Size distributions of chemical species provide evidence for their sources and formation mechanisms. Size‐segregated aerosols with 12 sizes were collected over Northern Japan (Sapporo: 43.07°N and 141.35°E) during the spring (9 April–21 May) of 2001 and analyzed for water‐soluble organic and inorganic species. The dominances of SO₄^2– and NH₄⁺ in submicron (D_a < 1.1 μm) and Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ in supermicron (D_a > 1.1 μm) aerosols suggest substantial contributions from anthropogenic sources, sea‐salt and dust particles via long‐range atmospheric transport. Oxalic acid (C₂) is the dominant organic species followed by malonic (C₃) and succinic (C₄) acid. A supermicron mode enrichment of C₂ is heavily involved with the long‐range transport of dust particles, whereas submicron mode C₂ was influenced by anthropogenic sources from the East Asian continent. The size distributions of shorter‐chain diacids (C₃–C₆), phthalic (Ph) and glyoxylic acid are consistent with those of C₂, whereas azelaic acid (C₉) is enriched in submicron and supermicron modes by the influences of continental and marine air masses. The mass concentration ratios of C₃/C₄ in submicron (1.5–2.3) and supermicron (1.2–1.8) mode demonstrated that water‐soluble organic aerosols in Sapporo were photochemically processed during long‐range transport. The Ph/C₉ ratios show that the influence of anthropogenic sources on 9–28 April samples was pronounced in supermicron (2.5–2.9) than the submicron (1.1–1.2) particles, and vice‐versa on 6–21 May samples. These contrast distributions suggest that the continental air masses from East Asia and marine air masses from the surrounding ocean likely control the chemical composition of aerosols over Northern Japan.

Sulfate-associated liquid water amplifies the formation of oxalic acid at a semi-arid tropical location over peninsular India during winter
Suresh K.R. Boreddy, Kimitaka Kawamura, Divyavani Gowda, Dhananjay K. Deshmukh, K. Narasimhulu, K. Ramagopal
Science of The Total Environment, 874, 162365, 162365, Elsevier BV, May 2023
Scientific journal

Mass spectrometric approaches in discovering lipid biomarkers for COVID-19 by lipidomics: Future challenges and perspectives.
Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda, Chandra Shekhar, Divyavani Gowda, Yifan Chen, Hitoshi Chiba, Shu-Ping Hui
Mass spectrometry reviews, 27 Apr. 2023, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global health threat and has rapidly spread worldwide. Significant changes in the lipid profile before and after COVID-19 confirmed the significance of lipid metabolism in regulating the response to viral infection. Therefore, understanding the role of lipid metabolism may facilitate the development of new therapeutics for COVID-19. Owing to their high sensitivity and accuracy, mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods are widely used for rapidly identifying and quantifying of thousands of lipid species present in a small amount of sample. To enhance the capabilities of MS for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of lipids, different platforms have been combined to cover a wide range of lipidomes with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Currently, MS-based technologies are being established as efficient methods for discovering potential diagnostic biomarkers for COVID-19 and related diseases. As the lipidome of the host cell is drastically affected by the viral replication process, investigating lipid profile alterations in patients with COVID-19 and targeting lipid metabolism pathways are considered to be crucial steps in host-directed drug targeting to develop better therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes various MS-based strategies that have been developed for lipidomic analyzes and biomarker discoveries to combat COVID-19 by integrating various other potential approaches using different human samples. Furthermore, this review discusses the challenges in using MS technologies and future perspectives in terms of drug discovery and diagnosis of COVID-19.

Temporal lipid profiling in the progression from acute to chronic heart failure in mice and ischemic human hearts
Gowda, S.G.B., Gowda, D., Hou, F., Chiba, H., Parcha, V., Arora, P., Halade, G.V., Hui, S.-P.
Atherosclerosis, 363, 30, 41, Elsevier BV, Dec. 2022
Scientific journal

Detection and characterization of lipids in eleven species of fish by non-targeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda, Yusuke Minami, Divyavani Gowda, Hitoshi Chiba, Shu-Ping Hui
Food Chemistry, 393, 133402, 133402, Elsevier BV, Nov. 2022, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Fish is an important nutrition source because its lipids, which are rich in ω-3 fatty acids, are beneficial for human health. However, studies focusing on their detection, composition, and nutritional value are limited. In this study, we applied a non-targeted lipidomic approach based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear-ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) to comprehensively profile, compare, and detect unknown lipids in eleven types of dietary fish. A total of 287 molecular species from five major lipid classes were characterized by MS/MS analysis. Multivariate principal component analysis revealed the distinct lipid composition in shishamo smelt and Japanese sardine compared to other fish types. The assessment of nutritional indices based on the levels of free fatty acid suggested that among the eleven fish types, shishamo smelt is highly beneficial for health. Further, lipids such as N-acyl lysophosphatidylethanolamine were detected and characterized for the first time in fish fillets. Hierarchical cluster correlations indicated the predominance of glycerophospholipids (GPs) and sphingolipids in sardine, whereas fatty acyls and triacylglycerols (TAGs) were predominant in shishamo smelt. The high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched GPs and TAGs in dietary fish endow it with great potential as a health-promoting food for human consumption. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of lipids and their compositions in fish fillets, demonstrating their potential use in the nutritional assessment of functional foods.

食事摂取した海藻の脂質に関する液体クロマトグラフィー/質量分析計を利用した探索的なデータ分析研究(Exploratory data analysis on dietary seaweeds lipids by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Gowda Siddabasave Gowda B., Yifan Chen, Gowda Divyavani, Tsuboi Yui, Chiba Hitoshi, Hui Shu-Ping
日本未病学会学術総会抄録集, 29回, 73, 73, (一社)日本未病学会, Oct. 2022
English

Analysis of Short Chain Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry(タイトル和訳中)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
侯 豊爵, Gowda Bomme Gowda Siddabasave, Gowda Divyavani, 惠 淑萍, 千葉 仁志
臨床化学, 51, Suppl.1, 208, 208, (一社)日本臨床化学会, Sep. 2022
English

Analysis of Lipids Characterization in five species of dietary seaweeds by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry(タイトル和訳中)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
陳 一凡, 惠 淑萍, 千葉 仁志, Gowda Divyavani, Gowda Bomme Gowda Siddabasave
臨床化学, 51, Suppl.1, 209, 209, (一社)日本臨床化学会, Sep. 2022
English

Determination of SCFAs by N,N-dimethylethylenediamine derivatization combined with LC-MS(タイトル和訳中)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
李 泳翰, Gowda Divyavani, Gowda Bomme Gowda Siddabasave, 千葉 仁志, 惠 淑萍
臨床化学, 51, Suppl.1, 210, 210, (一社)日本臨床化学会, Sep. 2022
English

Determination of short-chain fatty acids by N,N-dimethylethylenediamine derivatization combined with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and their implication in influenza virus infection
Divyavani Gowda, Yonghan Li, Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda, Marumi Ohno, Hitoshi Chiba, Shu-Ping Hui
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 414, 22, 6419, 6430, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Sep. 2022, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the end products of the fermentation of complex carbohydrates by the gut microbiota. Although SCFAs are recognized as important markers to elucidate the link between gut health and disease, it has been difficult to analyze SCFAs with mass spectrometry technologies due to their poor ionization efficiency and high volatility. Here, we present a novel and sensitive method for the quantification of SCFAs, including C2-C6 SCFAs and their hydroxy derivatives, by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) upon N,N-dimethylethylenediamine (DMED) derivatization with a run time of 10 min. Moreover, the quantification method of DMED-derivatized SCFAs in intestinal contents using isotope-labeled internal standards was also established. The method validation was performed by analyzing spiked intestinal samples; the limits of detection and quantification of SCFAs with this method were found to be 0.5 and 5 fmol, respectively; the recovery was greater than 80% and good linearity (0.9932 to 0.9979) of calibration curves was obtained over the range from 0.005 to 5000 pmol/μL; the intraday and interday precisions were achieved in the range of 1-5%. Furthermore, the validated method was applied to analyze SCFAs in the cecum and colon contents of mice infected with the influenza virus. The results showed that the concentration of most of the SCFAs tested here decreased significantly in a time-dependent manner after the infection, suggesting a possibility that SCFAs in intestinal samples could be used as severe disease markers. Overall, we here successfully developed a simple, fast, and sensitive method for SCFA analysis by LC-MS/MS combined with DMED derivatization. The method for the quantification of SCFAs will be a useful tool for both basic research and clinical studies.

Analysis of Antioxidant Lipids in Five Species of Dietary Seaweeds by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda, Chen Yifan, Divyavani Gowda, Yui Tsuboi, Hitoshi Chiba, Shu-Ping Hui
Antioxidants, 11, 8, 1538, 1538, MDPI AG, 08 Aug. 2022, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Seaweeds are a good source of bioactive lipids and are known for their nutritional benefits, making them a valuable food source. Despite their dietary significance and nutritional importance, there are limited reports on comprehensive lipidome analysis of lipids with antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the lipid profiles of five commonly consumed Japanese dietary seaweeds using non-targeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). A total, of 304 molecular species from four major lipid classes were detected and characterized by MS/MS analysis. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed distinct lipid molecular compositions in kombu and sea mustard compared to hijiki, mozuku, and laver seaweeds. Kombu has been shown to contain large amounts of antioxidants, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and a high health promotion index compared to other seaweeds. Hierarchical cluster correlations indicated the predominance of glycerophospholipids (GPs) and glycerolipids (GLs) in sea mustard and kombu. As a result, dietary seaweeds have great potential as antioxidants and health-promoting foods for human consumption due to their high levels of PUFA-rich GPs and GLs. Unsaturated triacylglycerols are predominant in hijiki, whereas other health-beneficial lipids, such as monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols, are predominant in sea mustard. This study provides a detailed characterization of lipids and their comparative fingerprints in seaweeds, demonstrating the potential use of dietary seaweeds in biotechnological and industrial applications involving the development of functional food products.

食品由来の肥満関連スフィンゴ脂質代謝阻害剤の発見(Discovery of Food Derived Inhibitor for Sphingolipid Metabolism Associated to Obesity)
Minami Yusuke, Gowda Siddabasave Gowda B., Gowda Divyavani, Chiba Hitoshi, Hui Shu-Ping
JSBMS Letters, 47, Suppl., 80, 80, (一社)日本医用マススペクトル学会, Aug. 2022
English

食用魚11品目の未知の脂質に挑む Untargeted LC/MSによる組成分析(Tackling Unknown Lipids in Eleven Dietary Fish and Their Composition Analysis by Untargeted LC/MS)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Gowda Siddabasave Gowda B., Minami Yusuke, Gowda Divyavani, Chiba Hitoshi, Hui Shu-Ping
JSBMS Letters, 47, Suppl., 85, 85, (一社)日本医用マススペクトル学会, Aug. 2022
English

ヒドロキシ脂肪酸の短鎖脂肪酸エステル類の合成と簡便な分析法の開発(Synthesis and Development of a Facile Analytical Method for Short Chain Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids)
Hou Fengjue, Gowda Siddabasave Gowda B., Gowda Divyavani, Chiba Hitoshi, Hui Shu-Ping
JSBMS Letters, 47, Suppl., 86, 86, (一社)日本医用マススペクトル学会, Aug. 2022
English

食品由来の肥満関連スフィンゴ脂質代謝阻害剤の発見(Discovery of Food Derived Inhibitor for Sphingolipid Metabolism Associated to Obesity)
Minami Yusuke, Gowda Siddabasave Gowda B., Gowda Divyavani, Chiba Hitoshi, Hui Shu-Ping
JSBMS Letters, 47, Suppl., 80, 80, (一社)日本医用マススペクトル学会, Aug. 2022
English

食用魚11品目の未知の脂質に挑む Untargeted LC/MSによる組成分析(Tackling Unknown Lipids in Eleven Dietary Fish and Their Composition Analysis by Untargeted LC/MS)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Gowda Siddabasave Gowda B., Minami Yusuke, Gowda Divyavani, Chiba Hitoshi, Hui Shu-Ping
JSBMS Letters, 47, Suppl., 85, 85, (一社)日本医用マススペクトル学会, Aug. 2022
English

ヒドロキシ脂肪酸の短鎖脂肪酸エステル類の合成と簡便な分析法の開発(Synthesis and Development of a Facile Analytical Method for Short Chain Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids)
Hou Fengjue, Gowda Siddabasave Gowda B., Gowda Divyavani, Chiba Hitoshi, Hui Shu-Ping
JSBMS Letters, 47, Suppl., 86, 86, (一社)日本医用マススペクトル学会, Aug. 2022
English

Simple and Sensitive Method for the Quantitative Determination of Lipid Hydroperoxides by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Chongsheng Liang, Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda, Divyavani Gowda, Toshihiro Sakurai, Iku Sazaki, Hitoshi Chiba, Shu-Ping Hui
Antioxidants, 11, 2, 229, 229, MDPI AG, 25 Jan. 2022
Scientific journal

Defining the kinetic effects of infection with influenza virus A/PR8/34 (H1N1) on sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in mice by targeted LC/MS
Divyavani Gowda, Marumi Ohno, Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda, Hitoshi Chiba, Masashi Shingai, Hiroshi Kida, Shu-Ping Hui
Scientific Reports, 11, 1, 20161, 20161, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Dec. 2021, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Influenza remains a world-wide health concern, causing 290,000–600,000 deaths and up to 5 million cases of severe illnesses annually. Noticing the host factors that control biological responses, such as inflammatory cytokine secretion, to influenza virus infection is important for the development of novel drugs. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite and has essential biological functions in inflammation. However, the kinetic effects of influenza virus infection on physiological S1P levels and their signaling in multiple tissues remain unknown. In this study, we utilized a mouse model intranasally infected with 50 or 500 plaque forming units (PFU) of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1; PR8) virus to investigate how S1P levels and expression of its regulating factors are affected by influenza virus infection by the liquid-chromatography/mass spectrometry and real-time PCR, respectively. The S1P level was significantly high in the plasma of mice infected with 500 PFU of the virus than that in control mice at 6 day-post-infection (dpi). Elevated gene expression of sphingosine kinase-1 (Sphk1), an S1P synthase, was observed in the liver, lung, white adipose tissue, heart, and aorta of infected mice. This could be responsible for the increased plasma S1P levels as well as the decrease in the hepatic S1P lyase (Sgpl1) gene in the infected mice. These results indicate modulation of S1P-signaling by influenza virus infection. Since S1P regulates inflammation and leukocyte migration, it must be worth trying to target this signaling to control influenza-associated symptoms.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate interactions in the spleen and heart reflect extent of cardiac repair in mice and failing human hearts
SiddabasaveGowda B. Gowda, Divyavani Gowda, Vasundhara Kain, Hitoshi Chiba, Shu-Ping Hui, Charles E. Chalfant, Vibhu Parcha, Pankaj Arora, Ganesh V. Halade
American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 321, 3, H599, H611, American Physiological Society, 01 Sep. 2021
Scientific journal, Previous studies indicate that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has some role in cardiovascular disease. This study adds quantitative and integrative systems-based approaches that are necessary for discovery and bedside translation. Here, we quantitated sphinganine, sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in mice and human cardiac pathobiology. Interorgan S1P quantity and respective systems-based receptor activation suggest cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. Thus, S1P serves as a therapeutic target for cardiac protection in clinical translation.

Detection and Structural Characterization of SFAHFA Homologous Series in Mouse Colon Contents by LTQ-Orbitrap-MS and Their Implication in Influenza Virus Infection
Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda, Divyavani Gowda, Marumi Ohno, Chongsheng Liang, Hitoshi Chiba, Shu-Ping Hui
Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 32, 8, 2196, 2205, American Chemical Society (ACS), 04 Aug. 2021, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are a new class of endogenous lipids with promising physiological functions in mammals. We previously introduced a new type of lipids to this family called short-chain fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (SFAHFAs), branching specific to the C2 carbon of a long-chain fatty acid (≥C20). In this study, we discovered a homologous series of SFAHFAs comprising C16-C26 hydroxy fatty acids esterified with short-chain fatty acids (C2-C5) in mouse colon contents. The detected SFAHFAs were characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry with MSn analysis. The double-bond position of monounsaturated SFAHFAs was determined by the epoxidation reaction of samples with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid and their MSn analysis. Further, the measurement of SFAHFA concentration in the colon contents of mice infected with influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1; PR8) virus revealed a significant increase in their levels compared to native control. A strong correlation was observed between hydroxy fatty acid and SFAHFAs. Detection, characterization, and profiling of these new SFAHFA levels in relation with pandemic H1N1; PR8 influenza virus will contribute to the in-depth study of their function and metabolism.

Docosahexaenoic Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acid Is a Novel Activator of NRF2
Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda, Takayuki Tsukui, Hirotoshi Fuda, Yusuke Minami, Divyavani Gowda, Hitoshi Chiba, Shu-Ping Hui
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22, 14, 7598, 7598, MDPI AG, 15 Jul. 2021, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are a new class of endogenous lipids with interesting physiological functions in mammals. Despite their structural diversity and links with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) biosynthesis, FAHFAs are less explored as NRF2 activators. Herein, we examined for the first time the synthetic docosahexaenoic acid esters of 12-hydroxy stearic acid (12-DHAHSA) or oleic acid (12-DHAHOA) against NRF2 activation in cultured human hepatoma-derived cells (C3A). The effect of DHA-derived FAHFAs on lipid metabolism was explored by the nontargeted lipidomic analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Furthermore, their action on lipid droplet (LD) oxidation was investigated by the fluorescence imaging technique. The DHA-derived FAHFAs showed less cytotoxicity compared to their native fatty acids and activated the NRF2 in a dose-dependent pattern. Treatment of 12-DHAHOA with C3A cells upregulated the cellular triacylglycerol levels by 17-fold compared to the untreated group. Fluorescence imaging analysis also revealed the suppression of the degree of LDs oxidation upon treatment with 12-DHAHSA. Overall, these results suggest that DHA-derived FAHFAs as novel and potent activators of NRF2 with plausible antioxidant function.

Lipidomic analysis of non-esterified furan fatty acids and fatty acid compositions in dietary shellfish and salmon by UHPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap-MS
Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda, Yusuke Minami, Divyavani Gowda, Daisuke Furuko, Hitoshi Chiba, Shu-Ping Hui
Food Research International, 144, 110325, 110325, Elsevier BV, Jun. 2021, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Lipids such as furan fatty acids (F-acids) are the valuable minor bioactive components of food such as fatty fish and plants. They are reported to have positive health benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Despite their importance, limited studies are focusing on F-acid determination in dietary seafood. This study aimed to identify and profile non-esterified F-acids and free fatty acids in total lipid extract of seafood such as shellfish and salmon. The lipidomic analysis using liquid chromatography-linear trap quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry led to identifying seven types of free F-acids in shellfish (n = 5) and salmon (n = 4). The identified F-acids were confirmed by their high-resolution masses and acquired mass spectra. The relative concentrations of F-acids in shellfish range from 0.01 to 10.93 mg/100 g of the fillet, and in salmon, 0.01 to 14.21 mg/100 g of the fillet. The results revealed the highest abundance of F-acids in Sakhalin surf clam, Japanese scallop, and a fatty salmon trout. Besides, relative levels of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in these seafoods were compared with each other, suggesting basket clams and salmon trout to have significantly higher levels of PUFAs. The dietary seafoods enriched with F-acids and PUFAs may have possible health benefits. Hence, the applied technique could be a promising tool for rapid detection and analysis of non-esterified fatty acids in food.

Chemical Labeling Assisted Detection and Identification of Short Chain Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acid in Rat Colon and Cecum Contents.
Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda, Divyavani Gowda, Chongsheng Liang, Yonghan Li, Kentaro Kawakami, Satoru Fukiya, Atsushi Yokota, Hitoshi Chiba, Shu-Ping Hui
Metabolites, 10, 10, 08 Oct. 2020, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are novel endogenous lipids with important physiological functions in mammals. We previously identified a new type of FAHFAs, named short-chain fatty acid esterified hydroxy fatty acids (SFAHFAs), with acetyl or propyl esters of hydroxy fatty acids of carbon chains, C ≥ 20. However, sensitive determination of SFAHFAs is still a challenge, due to their high structural similarity and low abundance in biological samples. This study employs one-step chemical derivatization following total lipid extraction using 2-dimethylaminoethylamine (DMED) for enhanced detection of SFAHFAs. The labeled extracts were subjected to ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to linear ion trap quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap MS). Our results demonstrated that the detection sensitivities of SFAHFAs increased after DMED labeling, and is highly helpful in discovering six additional novel SFAHFAs in the cecum and colon contents of WKAH/HKmSlc rats fed with normal and high-fat diet (HFD). The identified DMED labeled SFAHFAs were characterized by their detailed MS/MS analysis, and their plausible fragmentation patterns were proposed. The concentrations of SFAHFAs were significantly reduced in the cecum of HFD group compared to the control. Hence, the proposed method could be a promising tool to apply for the enhanced detection of SFAHFAs in various biological matrices, which in turn facilitate the understanding of their sources, and physiological functions of these novel lipids.

Identification of short-chain fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (SFAHFAs) in a murine model by nontargeted analysis using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/linear ion trap quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry.
Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda, Chongsheng Liang, Divyavani Gowda, Fengjue Hou, Kentaro Kawakami, Satoru Fukiya, Atsushi Yokota, Hitoshi Chiba, Shu-Ping Hui
Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM, 34, 17, e8831, 15 Sep. 2020, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, RATIONALE: Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are recently discovered endogenous lipids with outstanding health benefits. FAHFAs are known to exhibit antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. The number of known long-chain FAHFAs in mammalian tissues and dietary resources increased recently because of the latest developments in high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry techniques. However, there are no reports on the identification of short-chain fatty acid esterified hydroxy fatty acids (SFAHFAs). METHODS: Intestinal contents, tissues, and plasma of rats fed with high-fat diet (HFD) and normal diet (ND) were analyzed for fatty acids, hydroxy fatty acids, and FAHFAs using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and linear trap quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LTQ Orbitrap MS) with negative heated electrospray ionization. RESULTS: Untargeted analysis of total lipid extracts from murine samples (male 13-week-old WKAH/HKmSlc rats) led to the identification of several new SFAHFAs of acetic acid or propanoic acid esterified long-chain (>C20)-hydroxy fatty acids. Furthermore, MS3 analysis revealed the position of the hydroxyl group in the long-chain fatty acid as C-2. The relative amounts of SFAHFAs were quantified in intestinal contents and their tissues (Cecum, small intestine, and large intestine), liver, and plasma of rats fed with HFD and ND. The large intestine showed the highest abundance of SFAHFAs with a concentration range from 0.84 to 57 pmol/mg followed by the cecum with a range of 0.66 to 28.6 pmol/mg. The SFAHFAs were significantly altered between the HFD and ND groups, with a strong decreasing tendency under HFD conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of these novel SFAHFAs can contribute to a better understanding of the chemical and biological properties of individual SFAHFAs and their possible sources in the gut, which in turn helps us tackle the role of these lipids in various metabolic diseases.

Identification of secondary fatty alcohols in atmospheric aerosols in temperate forests
Yuzo Miyazaki, Divyavani Gowda, Eri Tachibana, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, Tsutom Hiura
BIOGEOSCIENCES, 16, 10, 2181, 2188, May 2019
English, Scientific journal

Seasonal variations of low molecular weight hydroxy-dicarboxylic acids and oxaloacetic acid in remote marine aerosols from Chichijima Island in the western North Pacific (December 2010-November 2011)
Divyavani Gowda, Kimitaka Kawamura
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH, 204, 128, 135, May 2018
English, Scientific journal

Identification of secondary fatty alcohols in atmospheric aerosols at two different forest sites
Gowda Divyavani, Miyazaki Yuzo, Takahashi Yoshiyuki, Hiura Tsutom
Abstracts of Annual Meeting of the Geochemical Society of Japan, 64, 89, 89, GEOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN, 2017
Japanese,

Identification of hydroxy- and keto-dicarboxylic acids in remote marine aerosols using gas chromatography/quadruple and time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Divyavani Gowda, Kimitaka Kawamura, Eri Tachibana
RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, 30, 7, 992, 1000, Apr. 2016, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal

Sex-specific effect of ethanol on colonic short-chain fatty acids and derivatives in the mouse model using targeted LC/MS
Gowda Siddabasave Gowda B., Gowda Siddabasave Gowda B., Nath Lipsa Rani, Li Yonghan, Jayaprakash Jayashankar, Gowda Divyavani, Hui Shu-Ping, Medical Mass Spectrometry (Web), 8, 1, 2024

Lipidomics of Alzheimer’s disease samples
GOWDA Siddabasave Gowda B., GOWDA Siddabasave Gowda B., JAYAPRAKASH Jayashankar, GOWDA Divyavani, CHIBA Hitoshi, HUI Shu-Ping, 臨床化学(Web), 53, 2024

Quantification of cholesteryl ester levels in preadolescent children plasma: the Hokkaido study
GOWDA Divyavani, GOWDA Siddabasave Gowda B., GOWDA Siddabasave Gowda B., 池田敦子, 池田敦子, MESFIN Ketema Rahel, MESFIN Ketema Rahel, 千葉仁志, 惠淑萍, 臨床化学(Web), 53, 2024

トランス脂肪酸の高感度LC/MS分析法の開発
上田里奈湖, SIDDABASAVE GOWDA B. Gowda, GOWDA Divyavani, 千葉仁志, 惠淑萍, 日本栄養・食糧学会大会講演要旨集, 78th, 2024

スフィンゴミエリン合成酵素を標的とした肥満制御のための食品中の機能性物質の探索
PUNITH M. Sundaraswamy, SIDDABASAVE GOWDA B. Gowda, SIDDABASAVE GOWDA B. Gowda, GOWDA Divyavani, 千葉仁志, 惠淑萍, 日本栄養・食糧学会大会講演要旨集, 78th, 2024

LC/MSを用いた食品中の新規脂質代謝物とその機能の探索
SIDDABASAVE GOWDA B. Gowda, SIDDABASAVE GOWDA B. Gowda, 柳本幸太, NATH Lipsa Rani, 南雄介, GOWDA Divyavani, 千葉仁志, 惠淑萍, 日本栄養・食糧学会大会講演要旨集, 78th, 2024

Analysis and Identification of Health Functional Lipids in Sea Cucumber using Untargeted LC/MS
南雄介, GOWDA Siddabasave Gowda B., GOWDA Siddabasave Gowda B., GOWDA Divyavani, 千葉仁志, HUI Shu-Ping, JSBMS Letters, 48, Supplement, 2023

Exploring Herbal Lipid Profiles with Advanced UHPLC/MS
NATH Lipsa Rani, BOMME GOWDA Siddabasave Gowda, BOMME GOWDA Siddabasave Gowda, GOWDA Divyavani, HUI Shu-Ping, CHIBA Hitoshi, 臨床化学(Web), 52, 2023

A study on effect of ethanol on gut lipid metabolism.
JAYAPRAKASH Jayashankar, BOMME GOWDA Siddabasave Gowda, BOMME GOWDA Siddabasave Gowda, GOWDA Divyavani, CHIBA Hitoshi, HUI Shu-Ping, 臨床化学(Web), 52, 2023

Analysis of lipidome in brain from animals of land and aquatic habitats-by LC/MS
BOMME GOWDA Siddabasave Gowda, BOMME GOWDA Siddabasave Gowda, GOWDA Divyavani, CHIBA Hitoshi, HUI Shu-Ping, 臨床化学(Web), 52, 2023

学童の血中リゾホスファチジルエタノールアミン濃度と肥満との関連
井上夏緒, BOMME GOWDA Siddabasave Gowda, GOWDA Divyavani, 櫻井俊宏, KETEMA Rahel Mesfin, KETEMA Rahel Mesfin, 池田敦子, 池田敦子, 千葉仁志, 惠淑萍, 臨床化学(Web), 52, 2023

Comprehensive analysis of lipid composition in the dietary Japanese fish using UHPLC/LTQ Orbitrap MS
MINAMI Yusuke, BOMMEGOWDA Siddabasavegowda, GOWDA Divyavani, CHIBA Hitoshi, HUI Shu-Ping, JSBMS Letters, 46, Supplement, 2021

Global lipid fingerprinting for early disease biomarker discovery by LC/MS
BOMMEGOWDA Siddabasavegowda, GOWDA Divyavani, LIANG Chongsheng, CHIBA Hitoshi, HUI Shu-Ping, JSBMS Letters, 46, Supplement, 2021

Synthesis and Development of a Facile Analytical Method for Short Chain Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids
HOU Fengjue Hou, BOMMEGOWDA Siddabasavegowda, GOWDA Divyavani, CHIBA Hitoshi, HUI Shu-Ping, JSBMS Letters, 46, Supplement, 2021

心筋梗塞におけるスフィンゴシン-1-リン酸塩シグナル伝達の役割(Role of Sphingosine-1-phosphate signalling in myocardial infarction)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Siddabasavegowda B. Gowda, Gowda Divyavani, 千葉 仁志, Halade Ganesh, 惠 淑萍, 臨床化学, 49, Suppl.1, 213, 213, Oct. 2020
(一社)日本臨床化学会, English