Apr. 2016, The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, 72nd Technical Development Award　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
JEM-GLIMS Observations of Lightning and TLEs from the ISS
Mitsuteru SATO;Tomoo USHIO;Takeshi MORIMOTO;Makoto SUZUKI;Masayuki KIKUCHI

Jun. 2014, アメリカ宇宙航行学会, Top Discoveries in Microgravity　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
JEM-GLIMS: First Qualitative Nadir Observations of Lightning and TLEs from ISS/JEM
Mitsuteru SATO

Jun. 2013, WNI WxBunka Foundaton, 3rd Weather Culture Award　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
雷放電・大気電場観測による極端突発気象現象の予測
Mitsuteru SATO

May 2012, WNI WxBunka Foundaton, 2nd Weather Culture Award　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
「雷放電及び大気電場観測によるゲリラ雷雨・落雷の予測
Mitsuteru SATO

4-years lightning hunt in Venus
Yukihiro Takahashi, Masataka Imai, Mitsuteru Sato, Tastuaki Oono
02 May 2024

Estimation of the drift rate and intensity of Neptune's storm by Pirika telescope
Yuki Sato, Yukihiro Takahashi, Mitsuteru Sato, Seiko Takagi, Masataka Imai, Tatsuharu Ono
02 May 2024

Spectroscopic and Imaging Observation of the Venus Atmosphere by a Balloon-Borne Stratospheric Telescope FUJIN-2
Masataka IMAI, Makoto TAGUCHI, Yasuhiro SHOJI, Toshihiko NAKANO, Yukihiro TAKAHASHI, Mitsuteru SATO, Tatsuharu OHNO, Kyoko TANAKA, Shion MORI, Daisuke KOHNO, Ko HAMAMOTO, Seiko TAKAGI
Journal of Evolving Space Activities, 1, Dec. 2023, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

An alternative methodology of fair‐weather identification for ground‐based measurement of AEF at the polar region
Yasuhiro Minamoto, Masashi Kamogawa, Akira Kadokura, Mitsuteru Sato, Satoshi Omiya
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 25 Nov. 2022, [Peer-reviewed]
Scientific journal

A polarimetric study of asteroids in comet-like orbits
Jooyeon Geem, Masateru Ishiguro, Yoonsoo P. Bach, Daisuke Kuroda, Hiroyuki Naito, Hidekazu Hanayama, Yoonyoung Kim, Yuna G. Kwon, Sunho Jin, Tomohiko Sekiguchi, Ryo Okazaki, Jeremie J. Vaubaillon, Masataka Imai, Tatsuharu Oono, Yuki Futamura, Seiko Takagi, Mitsuteru Sato, Kiyoshi Kuramoto, Makoto Watanabe
Astronomy and Astrophysics, 658, 01 Feb. 2022, [Peer-reviewed]
Scientific journal, Context. Asteroids in comet-like orbits (ACOs) consist of asteroids and dormant comets. Due to their similar appearance, it is challenging to distinguish dormant comets from ACOs via general telescopic observations. Surveys for discriminating dormant comets from the ACO population have been conducted via spectroscopy or optical and mid-infrared photometry. However, they have not been conducted through polarimetry. Aims. We conducted the first polarimetric research of ACOs. Methods. We conducted a linear polarimetric pilot survey for three ACOs: (944) Hidalgo, (3552) Don Quixote, and (331471) 1984 QY1. These objects are unambiguously classified into ACOs in terms of their orbital elements (i.e., the Tisserand parameters with respect to Jupiter TJ significantly less than 3). Three ACOs were observed by the 1.6 m Pirka Telescope from UT 2016 May 25 to UT 2019 July 22 (13 nights). Results. We found that Don Quixote and Hidalgo have polarimetric properties similar to comet nuclei and D-type asteroids (optical analogs of comet nuclei). However, 1984 QY1 exhibited a polarimetric property consistent with S-type asteroids. We conducted a backward orbital integration to determine the origin of 1984 QY1, and found that this object was transported from the main belt into the current comet-like orbit via the 3:1 mean motion resonance with Jupiter. Conclusions. We conclude that the origins of ACOs can be more reliably identified by adding polarimetric data to the color and spectral information. This study would be valuable for investigating how the ice-bearing small bodies distribute in the inner Solar System.

Polarimetric properties of the near-Sun asteroid (155140) 2005 UD in comparison with other asteroids and meteoritic samples
Masateru Ishiguro, Yoonsoo P. Bach, Jooyeon Geem, Hiroyuki Naito, Daisuke Kuroda, Myungshin Im, Myung Gyoon Lee, Jinguk Seo, Sunho Jin, Yuna G. Kwon, Tatsuharu Oono, Seiko Takagi, Mitsuteru Sato, Kiyoshi Kuramoto, Takashi Ito, Sunao Hasegawa, Fumi Yoshida, Tomoko Arai, Hiroshi Akitaya, Tomohiko Sekiguchi, Ryo Okazaki, Masataka Imai, Katsuhito Ohtsuka, Makoto Watanabe, Jun Takahashi, Maxime Devogèle, Grigori Fedorets, Lauri Siltala, Mikael Granvik
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 509, 3, 4128, 4142, 01 Jan. 2022, [Peer-reviewed]
Scientific journal, The investigation of asteroids near the Sun is important for understanding the final evolutionary stage of primitive Solar system objects. A near-Sun asteroid (NSA), (155140) 2005 UD, has orbital elements similar to those of (3200) Phaethon (the target asteroid for the JAXA's DESTINY+ mission). We conducted photometric and polarimetric observations of 2005 UD and found that this asteroid exhibits a polarization phase curve similar to that of Phaethon over a wide range of observed solar phase angles (α = 20-105°) but different from those of (101955) Bennu and (162173) Ryugu (asteroids composed of hydrated carbonaceous materials). At a low phase angle (α 30°), the polarimetric properties of these NSAs (2005 UD and Phaethon) are consistent with anhydrous carbonaceous chondrites, while the properties of Bennu are consistent with hydrous carbonaceous chondrites. We derived the geometric albedo, pV ∼0.1 (in the range of 0.088-0.109); mean V-band absolute magnitude, HV = 17.54 ± 0.02; synodic rotational period, $T_mathrm{rot} = 5.2388 pm 0.0022 , mathrm{h}$ (the two-peaked solution is assumed); and effective mean diameter, $D_mathrm{eff} = 1.32 pm 0.06 , mathrm{km}$. At large phase angles (α 80°), the polarization phase curve are likely explained by the dominance of large grains and the paucity of small micron-sized grains. We conclude that the polarimetric similarity of these NSAs can be attributed to the intense solar heating of carbonaceous materials around their perihelia, where large anhydrous particles with small porosity could be produced by sintering.

Solar Cycle-Modulated Deformation of the Earth–Ionosphere Cavity
Tamás Bozóki, Gabriella Sátori, Earle Williams, Irina Mironova, Péter Steinbach, Emma C. Bland, Alexander Koloskov, Yuri M. Yampolski, Oleg V. Budanov, Mariusz Neska, Ashwini K. Sinha, Rahul Rawat, Mitsuteru Sato, Ciaran D. Beggan, Sergio Toledo-Redondo, Yakun Liu, Robert Boldi
Frontiers in Earth Science, 9, Frontiers Media SA, 26 Aug. 2021, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, The Earth–ionosphere cavity resonator is occupied primarily by the electromagnetic radiation of lightning below 100 Hz. The phenomenon is known as Schumann resonances (SR). SR intensity is an excellent indicator of lightning activity and its distribution on global scales. However, long-term measurements from high latitude SR stations revealed a pronounced in-phase solar cycle modulation of SR intensity seemingly contradicting optical observations of lightning from satellite, which do not show any significant solar cycle variation in the intensity and spatial distribution of lightning activity on the global scale. The solar cycle-modulated local deformation of the Earth–ionosphere cavity by the ionization of energetic electron precipitation (EEP) has been suggested as a possible phenomenon that may account for the observed long-term modulation of SR intensity. Precipitating electrons in the energy range of 1–300 keV can affect the Earth–ionosphere cavity resonator in the altitude range of about 70–110 km and modify the SR intensities. However, until now there was no direct evidence documented in the literature supporting this suggestion. In this paper we present long-term SR intensity records from eight stations, each equipped with a pair of induction coil magnetometers: five high latitude (|lat| > 60°), two mid-high latitude (50° < |lat| < 60°) and one low latitude (|lat| < 30°). These long-term, ground-based SR intensity records are compared on the annual and interannual timescales with the fluxes of precipitating 30–300 keV medium energy electrons provided by the POES NOAA-15 satellite and on the daily timescale with electron precipitation events identified using a SuperDARN radar in Antarctica. The long-term variation of the Earth–ionosphere waveguide’s effective height, as inferred from its cutoff frequency, is independently analyzed based on spectra recorded by the DEMETER satellite. It is shown that to account for all our observations one needs to consider both the effect of solar X-rays and EEP which modify the quality factor of the cavity and deform it dominantly over low- and high latitudes, respectively. Our results suggest that SR measurements should be considered as an alternative tool for collecting information about and thus monitoring changes in the ionization state of the lower ionosphere associated with EEP.

Resolving Elve, Halo and Sprite Halo Images at 10,000 Fps in the Taiwan 2020 Campaign
Cheng-Ling Kuo, Tai-Yin Huang, Cheng-Mao Hsu, Mitsuteru Sato, Lou-Chuang Lee, Neng-Huei Lin
Atmosphere, 12, 8, 1000, 1000, MDPI AG, 03 Aug. 2021, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, After almost thirty years’ efforts on studying transient luminous events (TLEs), ground-based observation has confirmed the TLE family, including elves, halos, sprites, and blue jets, etc. The typical elve has the shortest emission time (<1 ms) in comparison with other TLEs. The second shortest is the halo emission. Although elves and halos are supposed to be more frequent than sprites, ground campaigns still have less probability of recording their images due to their fleeting and short emission. Additionally, the submillisecond imaging of elves, halos, and sprite halos helps us resolve their electro-optic dynamics and morphological features, but few have been reported in the literature. Our study presents the 10,000 fps imaging frames on elves, halos and sprite halos, compares their similarity and disparity, and analyzes their parent lightning properties with associated VLF and ELF data.

Origin of the intense positive and moderate negative atmospheric electric field variations measured during and after Antarctic blizzards
Yasuhiro Minamoto, Masashi Kamogawa, Akira Kadokura, Satoshi Omiya, Naohiko Hirasawa, Mitsuteru Sato
Atmospheric Research, 105812, 105812, Elsevier BV, Aug. 2021, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal

Road to the first star: Venus orbiter from Japan (46) - LAC detected lightning flash in Venus? -
Takahashi Y., Imai M., Sato M.
Planetary People - The Japanese Society for Planetary Sciences, 30, 2, 72, 73, The Japanese Society for Planetary Sciences, 2021
Japanese,

⾦星に雷放電の有無に決着をつけるべく，世界初の惑星雷放電発光観測装置LACは⾦星周回軌道で観測を継続してきました．観測開始から約4年になる2020年3月1日に，最初にして唯一（2021年4月末日現在）の突発的な発光現象を記録しました．果たして雷はあったのでしょうか？

Estimation of the IC to CG Ratio Using JEM‐GLIMS and Ground‐Based Lightning Network Data
K. Bandholnopparat, M. Sato, T. Adachi, T. Ushio, Y. Takahashi
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 125, 23, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 16 Dec. 2020, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, The occurrence ratio of intracloud (IC) to cloud-to-ground (CG) discharges, which is denoted by Z-ratio, is the crucial parameter for the studies on the global electric circuit. However, the latitudinal and regional dependences of Z-ratio are not fully clarified. Therefore, using optical data obtained by the Global Lightning and Sprite Measurements on Japanese Experiment Module (JEM-GLIMS), we distinguished the lightning discharge type, that is, IC, positive CG (+CG), and negative CG (−CG) discharges, and statistically estimated the Z-ratio. We analyzed 8,354 lightning events that obtained by JEM-GLIMS observation and succeeded in identifying 4,431 IC discharges, 597 +CG discharges, and 3,326 −CG discharges. From this result, we calculated the Z-ratio over many regions around the world and estimated its latitudinal and regional dependences. It is found that the Z-ratio over the continental area is larger than the oceanic area. We also found that the Z-ratio significantly decreases with the latitude, which is generally comparable to the results shown in the previous studies. The estimated Z-ratio varies from 2.9–0.29 from the equator to 50° latitude, and the global mean value is 1.6. The regional dependence of Z-ratio derived from this study can be combined with the CG lightning data provided by the ground-based lightning detection networks to estimate the occurrence number of IC discharges. Then, the occurrence number of both IC and CG discharges can be used for calculating a more accurate estimation of the total lightning currents in the global electric circuit.

Analysis of a Gigantic Jet in Southern China: Morphology, Meteorology, Storm Evolution, Lightning, and Narrow Bipolar Events
Jing Yang, Xiushu Qie, Lihua Zhong, Qijia He, Gaopeng Lu, Zhichao Wang, Yu Wang, Ningyu Liu, Feifan Liu, Kang‐Ming Peng, Baoyou Zhu, Anjing Huang, Mitsuteru Sato, Huien Pan, Hualong Li
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 125, 15, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 16 Aug. 2020, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal

High Peak-Current Lightning Discharges Associated With Downward Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes
Y. Wada, T. Enoto, Y. Nakamura, T. Morimoto, M. Sato, T. Ushio, K. Nakazawa, T. Yuasa, D. Yonetoku, T. Sawano, M. Kamogawa, H. Sakai, Y. Furuta, K. Makishima, H. Tsuchiya
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 125, 4, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 27 Feb. 2020, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, ©2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. During 2017–2018 winter operation of the Gamma-Ray Observation of Winter Thunderclouds experiment in Japan, two downward terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) that triggered atmospheric photonuclear reactions were detected. They took place during winter thunderstorms on 5 December 2017 and 9 January 2018 at Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Each event coincided with an intracloud/intercloud discharge, which had a negative-polarity peak current higher than 150 kA. Their radio waveforms in the low-frequency band are categorized as a distinct lightning type called “energetic in-cloud pulse” (EIP). Negative-polarity EIPs have been previously suggested to be highly associated with downward TGFs, and the present observations provide evidence of the correlation between them for the first time. Furthermore, both of the downward TGFs followed “gamma-ray glows,” minute-lasting high-energy emissions from thunderclouds. It is suggested that the negative EIPs took place with downward propagating negative leaders or upward positive ones developed in highly electrified regions responsible for the gamma-ray glows.

HO Generation Above Sprite‐Producing Thunderstorms Derived from Low‐Noise SMILES Observation Spectra
T. Yamada, T. O. Sato, T. Adachi, H. Winkler, K. Kuribayashi, R. Larsson, N. Yoshida, Y. Takahashi, M. Sato, A. B. Chen, R. R. Hsu, Y. Nakano, T. Fujinawa, S. Nara, Y. Uchiyama, Y. Kasai
Geophysical Research Letters, 47, 3, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 16 Feb. 2020, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, No direct observational evidence of sprite-produced active radicals has been presented owing to the difficulty of observing a small event area in the nighttime mesosphere, whereas sprite chemical models have indicated that sprite discharge locally affects the atmospheric composition. We present the first observational evidence of a HO2 production above sprite-producing thunderstorms from the coincidence of temporal-spatial observations of HO2 spectra, sprite events, and thunderstorms by two space instruments, a submillimeter-wave limb spectrometer and ultraviolet/visible Imager and a ground-based very low frequency radiation lightning detection network. A total of three areas was identified with enhanced HO2 levels of approximately 10(25) molecules. A chemical sprite model indicates an increase in HO2 in the considered altitude region; however, the predicted production due to a single sprite event is smaller than the observed enhancement. Our observational results suggest that sprites potentially contribute 1% of nighttime background HO2 generation at altitudes of 75-80km globally.

Analysis of the first positive polarity gigantic jet recorded near the Yellow Sea in mainland China
Qijia He, Jing Yang, Gaopeng Lu, Zhixiong Chen, Yu Wang, Mitsuteru Sato, Xiushu Qie
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 190, 6, 15, Elsevier BV, Sep. 2019, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal

Ultra-violet imaging of the night-time earth by EUSO-Balloon towards space-based ultra-high energy cosmic ray observations
G. Abdellaoui, S. Abe, J. H. Adams, A. Ahriche, D. Allard, L. Allen, G. Alonso, L. Anchordoqui, A. Anzalone, Y. Arai, K. Asano, R. Attallah, H. Attoui, M. Ave Pernas, S. Bacholle, M. Bakiri, P. Baragatti, P. Barrillon, S. Bartocci, J. Bayer, B. Beldjilali, T. Belenguer, N. Belkhalfa, R. Bellotti, A. Belov, K. Belov, K. Benmessai, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, S. Biktemerova, F. Bisconti, N. Blanc, J. Błȩcki, S. Blin-Bondil, P. Bobik, M. Bogomilov, E. Bozzo, S. Briz, A. Bruno, K. S. Caballero, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, J. N. Capdevielle, F. Capel, A. Caramete, L. Caramete, P. Carlson, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, A. Castellina, C. Catalano, O. Catalano, A. Cellino, M. Chikawa, G. Chiritoi, M. J. Christl, V. Connaughton, L. Conti, G. Cordero, G. Cotto, H. J. Crawford, R. Cremonini, S. Csorna, A. Cummings, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. J. de Castro, C. De Donato, C. de la Taille, C. De Santis, L. del Peral, M. Di Martino, A. Diaz Damian, T. Djemil, I. Dutan, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, R. Engel, J. Eser, F. Fenu, S. Fernández-González, S. Ferrarese, M. Flamini, C. Fornaro, M. Fouka, A. Franceschi, S. Franchini, C. Fuglesang, T. Fujii, J. Fujimoto, M. Fukushima, P. Galeotti, E. García-Ortega, G. Garipov, E. Gascón, J. Genci, G. Giraudo, C. González Alvarado, P. Gorodetzky, R. Greg
Astroparticle Physics, 111, 54, 71, Sep. 2019, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
Scientific journal, © 2018 The JEM-EUSO (Joint Experiment Missions for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory) program aims at developing Ultra-Violet (UV) fluorescence telescopes for efficient detections of Extensive Air Showers (EASs) induced by Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) from satellite orbit. In order to demonstrate key technologies for JEM-EUSO, we constructed the EUSO-Balloon instrument that consists of a ∼1 m 2 refractive telescope with two Fresnel lenses and an array of multi-anode photo-multiplier tubes at the focus. Distinguishing it from the former balloon-borne experiments, EUSO-Balloon has the capabilities of single photon counting with a gate time of 2.3 µs and of imaging with a total of 2304 pixels. As a pathfinder mission, the instrument was launched for an 8 h stratospheric flight on a moonless night in August 2014 over Timmins, Canada. In this work, we analyze the count rates over ∼2.5 h intervals. The measurements are of diffuse light, e.g. of airglow emission, back-scattered from the Earth's atmosphere as well as artificial light sources. Count rates from such diffuse light are a background for EAS detections in future missions and relevant factor for the analysis of EAS events. We also obtain the geographical distribution of the count rates over a ∼780 km 2 area along the balloon trajectory. In developed areas, light sources such as the airport, mines, and factories are clearly identified. This demonstrates the correct location of signals that will be required for the EAS analysis in future missions. Although a precise determination of count rates is relevant for the existing instruments, the absolute intensity of diffuse light is deduced for the limited conditions by assuming spectra models and considering simulations of the instrument response. Based on the study of diffuse light by EUSO-Balloon, we also discuss the implications for coming pathfinders and future space-based UHECR observation missions.

Optical properties of intracloud and cloud-to-ground discharges derived from JEM-GLIMS lightning observations
K. Bandholnopparat, M. Sato, T. Adachi, T. Ushio, Y. Takahashi
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 189, 87, 97, Aug. 2019, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, © 2019 Elsevier Ltd We developed a new method to distinguish the lightning discharge type using lightning data obtained by JEM-GLIMS spaced-based mission and ground-based lightning network that are JLDN, NLDN, WWLLN, and GEON. As a first step, we selected 1057 lightning events detected by the JEM-GLIMS cameras (LSI) and spectrophotometers (PH) in 2014. Then, we compared the JEM-GLIMS optical data to the ground-based lightning data in order to check the simultaneous detection of JEM-GLIMS lightning events by the ground-based lightning networks, and finally we identified the discharge type of the JEM-GLIMS lightning events. We succeed in identifying 941 simultaneous lightning events and found that 582, 93, and 266 lightning events were IC, +CG, and -CG discharges, respectively. As a next step, we calculated intensity ratios between blue and red PH channels, i.e., 337nm/762 nm, 316nm/762 nm, 392nm/762 nm, 337nm/(599–900 nm), 316nm/(599–900 nm), and 392nm/(599–900 nm) for the 941 lightning events in order to specify the optical characteristics of IC, +CG, and -CG discharges. It is found that the PH intensity ratio of +CG discharges is the highest and that the PH intensity ratio of IC and -CG discharges is smaller than that of +CG discharge. We also found that the characteristics of the LSI intensity ratio are almost comparable to those of the PH intensity ratio. As the differences of the 337nm/762 nm, 337nm/(599–900 nm), and 392nm/(599–900 nm) ratio of IC, +CG, and -CG discharges are relatively large, these three ratios are a useful proxy for classifying the discharge types for additional 7349 lightning events detected by JEM-GLIMS in order to estimate the global ratio between IC and CG discharges (Z ratio).

Constraints on Venus lightning from Akatsuki's first three years in orbit
Lorenz, Ralph D, M. Imai, Y. Takahashi, M. Sato, A. Yamazaki, T.M. Sato, T. Imamura, T. Satoh, M. Nakamura
Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 14, 7955, 7961, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Jul. 2019, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal

Gamma-ray glow preceding downward terrestrial gamma-ray flash　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Wada, Y, T. Enoto, Y. Nakamura, Y. Furuta, T. Yuasa, K. Nakazawa, T. Morimoto, M. Sato, T. Matsumoto, D. Yonetoku, T. Sawano, H. Sakai, M. Kamogawa, T. Ushio, K. Makishima, H. Tsuchiya
Comm. Phys., 2, 67, Jun. 2019, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal

Initiation of a lightning search using the lightning and airglow camera onboard the Venus orbiter Akatsuki
Yukihiro Takahashi, Mitsuteru Sato, Masataka Imai, Ralph Lorenz, Yoav Yair, Karen Aplin, Georg Fischer, Masato Nakamura, Nobuaki Ishii, Takumi Abe, Takehiko Satoh, Takeshi Imamura, Chikako Hirose, Makoto Suzuki, George L. Hashimoto, Naru Hirata, Atsushi Yamazaki, Takao M. Sato, Manabu Yamada, Shin-ya Murakami, Yukio Yamamoto, Tetsuya Fukuhara, Kazunori Ogohara, Hiroki Ando, Ko-ichiro Sugiyama, Hiroki Kashimura, Shoko Ohtsuki
Earth, Planets and Space, 70, 1, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 01 Dec. 2018, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, The existence of lightning discharges in the Venus atmosphere has been controversial for more than 30 years, with many positive and negative reports published. The lightning and airglow camera (LAC) onboard the Venus orbiter, Akatsuki, was designed to observe the light curve of possible flashes at a sufficiently high sampling rate to discriminate lightning from other sources and can thereby perform a more definitive search for optical emissions. Akatsuki arrived at Venus during December 2016, 5 years following its launch. The initial operations of LAC through November 2016 have included a progressive increase in the high voltage applied to the avalanche photodiode detector. LAC began lightning survey observations in December 2016. It was confirmed that the operational high voltage was achieved and that the triggering system functions correctly. LAC lightning search observations are planned to continue for several years.

Mini-EUSO: A high resolution detector for the study of terrestrial and cosmic UV emission from the International Space Station
Francesca Capel, Alexander Belov, Marco Casolino, Pavel Klimov, for the JEM-EUSO Collaboration
Advances in Space Research, 62, 10, 2954, 2965, Elsevier BV, Nov. 2018, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, The Mini-EUSO instrument is a UV telescope to be placed inside the International Space Station (ISS), looking down on the Earth from a nadir-facing window in the Russian Zvezda module. Mini-EUSO will map the earth in the UV range (300–400 nm) with a spatial resolution of 6.11 km and a temporal resolution of 2.5 μs, offering the opportunity to study a variety of atmospheric events such as transient luminous events (TLEs) and meteors, as well as searching for strange quark matter and bioluminescence. Furthermore, Mini-EUSO will be used to detect space debris to verify the possibility of using a EUSO-class telescope in combination with a high energy laser for space debris remediation. The high-resolution mapping of the UV emissions from Earth orbit allows Mini-EUSO to serve as a pathfinder for the study of Extreme Energy Cosmic Rays (EECRs) from space by the JEM-EUSO collaboration.

A study of lightning location system (Blitz) based on VLF sferics
Tomomi Narita, Egon Wanke, Mitsuteru Sato, Takeshi Sakanoi, Akiko Kumada, Masashi Kamogawa, Ishikawa Hirohiko, Shigemi Harada, Takao Kameda, Fuminori Tsuchiya, Eiji Kaneko
34th International Conference on Lightning Protection, ICLP 2018, 23 Oct. 2018, [Peer-reviewed], [Domestic magazines]
English, International conference proceedings, © 2018 IEEE. Blitzortung.org is a worldwide non-commercial low-cost community based Time of Arrival lightning detection and lightning location network. The aim of this project is to accomplish a low budget high accurate worldwide lightning location network based on a high number of receiver sites spaced close to each other, typically separated by 50 km 250km. The stations transmit their data to a central server, where the strike locations are computed by the arrival times of the signals. The station operators are volunteers who bought and assembled the hardware by themselves. We installed this sensor in more than 24 locations throughout Japan, for example Hokkaido, Tokyo, Okinawa, Ogasawara etc. This paper describes the outline of Blitzortung and the evaluation of the position accuracy.

Spectroscopic diagnostic of halos and elves detected from space-based photometers　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Pérez‐Invernón, F.J, A. Luque, F.J. Gordillo-Vázquez, M. Sato, T. Ushio, T. Adachi, A.B. Chen
J. Geophys. Res. - Atmospheres, 123, 12917, 12941, Oct. 2018, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal

Characteristics of thunderstorm structure and lightning activity causing negative and positive sprites　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yang, J, N. Liu, M. Sato, G. Lu, Y. Wang, G. Feng
J. Geophys. Res.: Atmospheres, 123, 15, 8190, 8207, Jul. 2018, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal

Start of lightning hunting by LAC / Akatsuki　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Takahashi, Y, M. Sato, M. Imai, R. Lorenz, Y. Yair, K. Aplin, G. Fischer, M. Nakamura, N. Ishii, T. Abe, T. Satoh, T. Imamura, C. Hirose, M. Suzuki, G. L. Hashimoto, N. Hitrata, A. Yamazaki, T. M. Sato, M. Yamada, S. Murakami, Y. Yamamoto, T. Fukuhara, K. Ogohara, H. Ando, K. Sugiyama, H. Kashimura, S. Ohtsuki
Earth, Planets and Space, 70:88, May 2018, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal

A Gigantic Jet Observed Over an Mesoscale Convective System in Midlatitude Region
Jing Yang, Mitsuteru Sato, Ningyu Liu, Gaopeng Lu, Yu Wang, Zhichao Wang
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123, 2, 977, 996, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 27 Jan. 2018, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Gigantic jets (GJs) are mostly observed over summer tropical or tropical-like thunderstorms. This study reports observation of a GJ over a mesoscale convective system (MCS) in the midlatitude region in eastern China. The GJ is observed over a relatively weak radar reflectivity region ahead of the leading line, and the maximum radar echo top along the GJ azimuth was lower than the tropopause in the same region, significantly different from past studies that indicate summer GJs are usually associated with convective surges or overshooting tops. Also different from most of previous observations showing GJ-producing summer thunderstorms only produced GJ type of transient luminous events during their life cycles, two sprites were also captured in a time window of 15 min containing the GJ, indicating that the MCS provides favorable conditions not only for the GJ but also for the sprites. The balloon-borne soundings of the MCS show that there were large wind shears in the middle and upper levels of the thundercloud, which may have played important roles for the GJ production.

Matching algorithms of ELF-LEMPs and lightning geo-location data
Daiki Tsurushima, Noriyasu Honma, Fuminori Tsuchiya, Mitsuteru Sato, Yukihiro Takahashi
IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy, 138, 5, 339, 345, Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, 2018, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, International conference proceedings, ELF-band lightning electromagnetic pulses (ELF-LEMPs) have been used to retrieve lightning Charge Moment Change (CMC) and electric Current Waveform (CW). Since neither CMC nor CW can be measured by conventional Lightning Location System (LLS), it is advantageous to combine LLS and ELF measurements in order to monitor lightning geo-locations, CMC and CW simultaneously. To construct an accurate combined system of LLS and ELF measurements matching algorithms for associating lightning geo-locations and their corresponding ELF-LEMPs are important. This study developed three matching algorithms based on the time, the polarity and the direction of lightning discharges. Furthermore, we applied the newly developed algorithms to LLS and ELF measurements in Tohoku district and obtained a 30-70% Detection Efficiency (DE). The results also indicate that DE depends mainly on peak electric current (Ip). For example, DE exceeds 70% for lightning events with |Ip| ≥ 40 kA while DE drops below 70% for lower Ip events.

Development of lightning observation system for short-term forecast of extreme weather events in the Philippine under ULAT project
Kozo Yamashita, Mitsuteru Sato, Yukihiro Takahashi, Hisayuki Kubota, Eriko Momota, Jun-ichi Hamada, Jun Matsumoto, Shin-ya Kojima, Yo-ichi Katahira
2018 34TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LIGHTNING PROTECTION (ICLP 2018), IEEE, 2018
English, International conference proceedings, Lightning observation has been considered as an effective and low-cost tool to monitor intense thunderstorm related to extreme weather events, such as tropical cyclone, torrential rainfall, etc. Real-time and continuous thunderstorm observation will establish short-term forecast system and prevent hazardous storms. We start to construct ground-based sensor network for lightning and weather observation under the project of "Understanding of Lightning and Thunderstorm (ULAT)" in the Philippines since 2017. In this project, two types of sensor systems are newly designed. One is mainly used for nation-wide lightning observation based on radio observation in 1-40kHz. Ten sensors will be installed approximately 100 km apart to track lightning activity throughout the Philippines Archipelago. The other is utilized for dense sensor network based on electrostatic measurement. Fifty sensors will be distributed in Metro Manila to monitor the electrification of thundercloud and derive charge amount of individual lightning discharge. Both systems are developed based on automatic weather station (AWS) named "POTEKA" for real-time thunderstorm observation. In this paper, specifications of nation-wide/dense observation system are summarized to show detailed plan for thunderstorm observation.

超長波（VLF 帯）空電観測を用いた落雷位置標定システムの位置精度評価　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
成田知巳, 佐藤光輝, 亀田貴雄, 坂野井健, 土屋史紀, 石井 勝, 熊田亜紀子, 鴨川 仁, 石川裕彦, 金子英治, 原田繁実, 工藤剛史, 茆原正昭, 皆川郁靖
電気学会全国大会, 7, 112, 175, 176, 2018, [Domestic magazines]
Japanese, Symposium

Significantly high polarization degree of the very low-albedo asteroid (152679) 1998 KU2
Daisuke Kuroda, Masateru Ishiguro, Makoto Watanabe, Sunao Hasegawa, Tomohiko Sekiguchi, Hiroyuki Naito, Fumihiko Usui, Masataka Imai, Mitsuteru Sato, Kiyoshi Kuramoto
Astronomy and Astrophysics, 611, A31, A31, EDP Sciences, 2018, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, We present a unique and significant polarimetric result regarding the near-Earth asteroid (152679) 1998 KU2, which has a very low geometric albedo. From our observations, we find that the linear polarization degrees of 1998 KU2 are 44.6 ± 0.5% in the RC band and 44.0 ± 0.6% in the V band at a solar phase angle of 81.0°. These values are the highest of any known airless body in the solar system (i.e., high-polarization comets, asteroids, and planetary satellites) at similar phase angles. This polarimetric observation is not only the first for primitive asteroids at large phase angles, but also for low-albedo (<
0.1) airless bodies. Based on spectroscopic similarities and polarimetric measurements of materials that have been sorted by size in previous studies, we conjecture that 1998 KU2 has a highly microporous regolith structure comprising nano-sized carbon grains on the surface.

Photonuclear reactions triggered by lightning discharge
Teruaki Enoto, Yuuki Wada, Yoshihiro Furuta, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Takayuki Yuasa, Kazufumi Okuda, Kazuo Makishima, Mitsuteru Sato, Yousuke Sato, Toshio Nakano, Daigo Umemoto, Harufumi Tsuchiya
NATURE, 551, 7681, 481, +, NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, Nov. 2017, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Lightning and thunderclouds are natural particle accelerators(1). Avalanches of relativistic runaway electrons, which develop in electric fields within thunderclouds(2,3), emit bremsstrahlung gamma-rays. These gamma-rays have been detected by ground-based observatories(4-9), by airborne detectors(10) and as terrestrial gamma-ray flashes from space(10-14). The energy of the gamma-rays is sufficiently high that they can trigger atmospheric photonuclear reactions(10,15-19) that produce neutrons and eventually positrons via beta(+) decay of the unstable radioactive isotopes, most notably N-13, which is generated via N-14 + gamma -> N-13 + n, where gamma denotes a photon and n a neutron. However, this reaction has hitherto not been observed conclusively, despite increasing observational evidence of neutrons(7,20,21) and positrons(10,22) that are presumably derived from such reactions. Here we report ground-based observations of neutron and positron signals after lightning. During a thunderstorm on 6 February 2017 in Japan, a gamma-ray flash with a duration of less than one millisecond was detected at our monitoring sites 0.5-1.7 kilometres away from the lightning. The subsequent gamma-ray afterglow subsided quickly, with an exponential decay constant of 40-60 milliseconds, and was followed by prolonged line emission at about 0.511 megaelectronvolts, which lasted for a minute. The observed decay time-scale and spectral cutoff at about 10 megaelectronvolts of the gamma-ray afterglow are well explained by de-excitation gamma-rays from nuclei excited by neutron capture. The centre energy of the prolonged line emission corresponds to electron-positron annihilation, providing conclusive evidence of positrons being produced after the lightning.

Polarimetric Study of Near-Earth Asteroid (1566) Icarus　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ishiguro, M, D. Kuroda, M. Watanabe, Y. P. Bach, J. Kim, M. Lee, T. Sekiguchi, H. Naito, K. Ohtsuka, H. Hanayama, S. Hasegawa, F. Usui, S. Urakawa, M. Imai, M. Sato, K. Kuramoto
The Astronomical Journal, 154, 180, Oct. 2017, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal

Absolute calibration of brightness temperature of the Venus disk observed by the Longwave Infrared Camera onboard Akatsuki
Tetsuya Fukuhara, Makoto Taguchi, Takeshi Imamura, Akane Hayashitani, Takeru Yamada, Masahiko Futaguchi, Toru Kouyama, Takao M. Sato, Mao Takamura, Naomoto Iwagami, Masato Nakamura, Makoto Suzuki, Munetaka Ueno, George L. Hashimoto, Mitsuteru Sato, Seiko Takagi, Atsushi Yamazaki, Manabu Yamada, Shin-ya Murakami, Yukio Yamamoto, Kazunori Ogohara, Hiroki Ando, Ko-ichiro Sugiyama, Hiroki Kashimura, Shoko Ohtsuki, Nobuaki Ishii, Takumi Abe, Takehiko Satoh, Chikako Hirose, Naru Hirata
EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE, 69, 141, SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, Oct. 2017, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, The Venus Climate Orbiter Akatsuki arrived at Venus in December 2015, and the Longwave Infrared Camera (LIR) onboard the spacecraft started making observations. LIR has acquired more than 8000 images during the first two Venusian years since orbit insertion without any serious faults. However, brightness temperature derived from LIR images contained an unexpected bias that related not to natural phenomena but to a thermal condition of the instrument. The bias could be partially eliminated by keeping the power supply unit for LIR always active, while the residual bias was simply correlated with the baffle temperature. Therefore, deep-space images were acquired at different baffle temperatures on orbit, and a reference table for eliminating the bias from images was prepared. In the corrected images, the brightness temperature was similar to 230 K at the center of the Venus disk, where the effect of limb darkening is negligible. The result is independent of the baffle temperature and consistent with the results of previous studies. Later, a laboratory experiment with the proto model of LIR showed that when the germanium (Ge) lens was heated, its actual temperature was slightly higher than the temperature measured by a thermal sensor attached to the lens holder. The experiment confirmed that transitory baffle heating accounted for the background bias found in the brightness temperature observed by LIR.

Sprites identification and their spatial distributions in JEM-GLIMS nadir observations
Mitsuteru Sato, Toru Adachi, Tomoo Ushio, Takeshi Morimoto, Masayuki Kikuchi, Hiroshi Kikuchi, Makoto Suzuki, Atsushi Yamazaki, Yukihiro Takahashi, Ryohei Ishida, Yuji Sakamoto, Kazuya Yoshida, Yasuhide Hobara
TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES, 28, 4, 545, 561, CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION, Aug. 2017, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, The Global Lightning and Sprite Measurements on the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM-GLIMS) started continuous nadir observations of lightning and transient luminous events (TLEs) at the International Space Station (ISS) in November 2012 and completed the observations in August 2015. As JEM-GLIMS uses the nadir observation technique, the JEM-GLIMS optical instruments simultaneously measure both incomparably intense lightning emissions and weak sprite emissions. We adopted combined data analytical methods to distinguish between these two types of emissions: (1) a subtraction of the wideband LSI-1 image from the narrowband LSI-2 image, (2) a calculation of the intensity ratio between different photometer channels, and (3) an estimation of the charge moment change (CMC) of the suspected sprite-producing CG discharge. This report presents as a case study one sprite event detected at 19: 50: 40.30580 UT on 28 September 2013 and identified using the above analytical methods. From the results derived from detailed data analyses, we judged that the optical emission measured by LSI-2 is a sprite emission. We carried out the geometry conversion toward the LSI-1 and subtracted images and found that the sprite emission location shifts by 3.5 km from the peak lightning emission location, which agree with the previous reports. The detailed horizontal distributions of sprites and the relationship between the sprite location and the parent lightning location are quantitatively revealed for the first time.

Sprite possibly produced by two distinct positive cloud-to-ground lightning flashes
Jing Yang, Gaopeng Lu, Ningyu Liu, Mitsuteru Sato, Guili Feng, Yu Wang, Jung-Kuang Chou
TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES, 28, 4, 609, 624, CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION, Aug. 2017, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Transient luminous event (TLEs) observations have been conducted in mainland China since 2007, with a number of TLEs documented. This study analyzed a very unusual and unique positive sprite event, that may be produced jointly by two distinct positive cloud-to-ground lightning flashes (+ CGs) occurring within a short time difference but with different locations separated by about 27 km. This observation is different from previous studies reporting that most of the sprites were triggered by a single + CG flash and its possible following continuous current. Detailed analysis on extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field shows that combined charge moment change (CMC) due to the two + CGs is smaller (similar to 1478 C km) than those of the parent CGs for the other two sprites (1582 and 2134 C km, respectively) recorded over the same thunderstorm. The vertical extension and brightness of the sprites correspond well with the CMC of their parent CGs, namely, the larger the CMC value the brighter the sprite, and the larger the CMC value the larger the vertical extension. Negative lightning flashes dominated during the thunderstorm life cycle. The three sprites occurred during a time window in which both negative and positive flashes were active. The three sprites occurred over the thunderstorm stratiform region.

Solar 27-day rotational period detected in wide-area lightning activity in Japan
Hiroko Miyahara, Chika Higuchi, Toshio Terasawa, Ryuho Kataoka, Mitsuteru Sato, Yukihiro Takahashi
ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE, 35, 3, 583, 588, COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, Apr. 2017, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, A signal of the 27-day solar rotational period is often observed in cloud and lightning activities over the globe. Here we provide evidence of the 27-day periodicity of lightning activity in Japan using daily observational records of lightning for AD1989-2015. The 27-day period is detected with 4.2 standard deviations, but only in wide-area lightning activity covering more than a 10(5) km(2). The 27-day signal is more prominent around the maxima of solar decadal cycles.

Large stationary gravity wave in the atmosphere of Venus
Tetsuya Fukuhara, Masahiko Futaguchi, George L. Hashimoto, Takeshi Horinouchi, Takeshi Imamura, Naomoto Iwagaimi, Toru Kouyama, Shin-ya Murakami, Masato Nakamura, Kazunori Ogohara, Mitsuteru Sato, Takao M. Sato, Makoto Suzuki, Makoto Taguchi, Seiko Takagi, Munetaka Ueno, Shigeto Watanabe, Manabu Yamada, Atsushi Yamazaki
NATURE GEOSCIENCE, 10, 2, 85, +, NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, Feb. 2017, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, The planet Venus is covered by thick clouds of sulfuric acid that move westwards because the entire upper atmosphere rotates much faster than the planet itself. At the cloud tops, about 65 km in altitude, small-scale features are predominantly carried by the background wind at speeds of approximately 100 ms(-1). In contrast, planetary-scale atmospheric features have been observed to move slightly faster or slower than the background wind, a phenomenon that has been interpreted to reflect the propagation of planetary-scale waves. Here we report the detection of an interhemispheric bow-shaped structure stretching 10,000 km across at the cloud-top level of Venus in middle infrared and ultraviolet images from the Japanese orbiter Akatsuki. Over several days of observation, the bow-shaped structure remained relatively fixed in position above the highland on the slowly rotating surface, despite the background atmospheric super rotation. We suggest that the bow-shaped structure is the result of an atmospheric gravity wave generated in the lower atmosphere by mountain topography that then propagated upwards. Numerical simulations provide preliminary support for this interpretation, but the formation and propagation of a mountain gravity wave remain difficult to reconcile with assumed near-surface conditions on Venus. We suggest that winds in the deep atmosphere may be spatially or temporally more variable than previously thought.

Broad-lined Supernova 2016coi with a Helium Envelope
Yamanaka, M, T. Nakaoka, M. Tanaka, K. Maeda, S. Honda, H. Hanayama, T. Morokuma, M. Imai, K. Kinugasa, K.L. Murata, T. Nishimori, O. Hashimoto, H. Gima, K. Hosoya, A. Ito, M. Karita, M. Kawabata, K. Morihana, Y. Morikawa, K. Murakami, T. Nagayama, T. Ono, H. Onozato, Y. Sarugaku, M. Sato, D. Suzuki, J. Takahashi, M. Takayama, H. Yaguchi, H. Akitaya, Y. Asakura, K.S. Kawabata, D. Kuroda, D. Nogami, Y. Oasa, T. Omodaka, Y. Saito, K. Sekiguchi, N. Tominaga, M. Uemura, M. Watanabe
The Astrophysical Journal, 837, 1, 1, 1, American Astronomical Society, Feb. 2017, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal

Simultaneous observations of optical lightning from space and LF band lightning waveforms from the ground
Hiroshi Kikuchi, Mitsuteru Sato, Tomoo Ushio, Takeshi Morimoto, Masayuki Kikuchi, Atsushi Yamazaki, Makoto Suzuki, Ryohei Ishida, Yuji Sakamoto, Ting Wu, Zen Kawasaki
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 44, 2, 1123, 1131, AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, Jan. 2017, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Observations of optical lightning data with a photometer (PH4) at wavelengths of 599-900nm on the International Space Station were conducted simultaneously with observations of low-frequency (LF) electromagnetic waves with a ground-based LF lightning locating system. The relationship between the PH4 light curve and electromagnetic waveforms in the LF band was examined for 11 lightning events. The PH4 sensor detected a small optical change even for weak light emitted from lightning discharges in clouds, including preliminary breakdown. Particularly, return strokes, including subsequent return strokes, showed a clear relationship between radiated LF waves and optical waveforms. For negative return strokes, we found a clear correlation between the absolute optical intensity and peak current. The slope of the regression line is 9.7x10(-8)kAW(-1) with an intercept of 9.9kA.

Studies of dust and discharges around a Martian rover with onboard hazard analyses using electromagnetic and acoustic wave measurements　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yamamoto, M, M. Sato, K. Ishisaka, Y. Takahashi, K. Ogohara, M. Kamogawa, H. Miyamoto
Ttansactions of the Japan Society for Aeronatical and Space Sciences, 14, 30, 41, 45, Oct. 2016, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal

An overview of VHF lightning observations by digital interferometry from ISS/JEM-GLIMS
Takeshi Morimoto, Hiroshi Kikuchi, Mitsuteru Sato, Tomoo Ushio, Atsushi Yamazaki, Makoto Suzuki, Ryohei Ishida, Yuji Sakamoto, Kazuya Yoshida, Yasuhide Hobara, Takuki Sano, Takumi Abe, Zen-Ichiro Kawasaki
EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE, 68, 1, 145, SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, Aug. 2016, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, The Global Lightning and sprIte MeasurementS (GLIMS) mission has been conducted at the Exposed Facility of Japanese Experiment Module (JEM-EF) of the International Space Station for more than 30 months. This paper focuses on an electromagnetic (EM) payload of JEM-GLIMS mission, the very high frequency (VHF) broadband digital InTer-Ferometer (VITF). The JEM-GLIMS mission is designed to conduct comprehensive observations with both EM and optical payloads for lightning activities and related transient luminous events. Its nominal operation continued from November 2012 to December 2014. The extended operation followed for eight months. Through the operation period, the VITF collected more than two million VHF EM waveforms in almost 18,700 datasets. The number of VITF observations synchronized with optical signal is 8049. Active VHF radiations are detected in about 70 % of optical observations without obvious regional or seasonal dependency. Estimations of the EM direction-of-arrival (DOA) are attempted using the broadband digital interferometry. Some results agree with the optical observations, even though DOA estimation is problematic because of a very short antenna baseline and multiple pulses over a short time period, namely burst-type EM waveforms. The world's first lightning observations by means of space-borne VHF interferometry are achieved in this mission. This paper summarizes VITF instruments, the recorded VHF EM signals, and the results of DOA estimations by means of digital interferometry as a preliminary report after termination of the mission.

Direction-of-Arrival Estimation of VHF Signals Recorded on the International Space Station and Simultaneous Observations of Optical Lightning
Hiroshi Kikuchi, Takeshi Morimoto, Mitsuteru Sato, Tomoo Ushio, Masayuki Kikuchi, Atsushi Yamazaki, Makoto Suzuki, Ryohei Ishida, Yuji Sakamoto, Zen Kawasaki
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, 54, 7, 3868, 3877, IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC, Jul. 2016, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, We report an initial investigation of the new location method of a very high frequency (VHF) radiation source, using signals recorded at the International Space Station. A VHF interferometer (VITF) has two VHF sensors. Locating lightning with VHF bands is useful to locate the position of the charge distribution in the thunderstorm. The location method of a radio source proposed used two direction-of-arrival estimation techniques. One is the interferometric technique, and another is based on the ionospheric propagation delay measurement of received signals. The combination of the two techniques provides two angular positions of the radiation source. When an altitude of a radiation source is assumed, we can determine two possible positions. One of the two positions was associated with the radiation source, while the other was not. In this paper, we compared the position of lightning and sprite imager (LSI) data, which are simultaneously captured during a lightning emission, with the locating position near the emission. The data set of the VITF within 100 ms of the optical lightning emission captured with the LSI was used. The temporally simultaneous event seems to be associated with the same lightning event. The estimated radiation positions were spatially in close agreement with the optical lightning positions captured with LSI, under nighttime ionosphere conditions. From statistical analysis, the spatial difference of the standard deviation changed from 15.3 to 30.8 km depending on the installation direction of the VHF sensors. The usefulness and limitations of the method are also discussed.

Identifying the occurrence of lightning and transient luminous events by nadir spectrophotometric observation
Toru Adachi, Mitsuteru Sato, Tomoo Ushio, Atsushi Yamazaki, Makoto Suzuki, Masayuki Kikuchi, Yukihiro Takahashi, Umran S. Inan, Ivan Linscott, Yasuhide Hobara, Harald U. Frey, Stephen B. Mende, Alfred B. Chen, Rue-Ron Hsu, Kenichi Kusunoki
JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS, 145, 85, 97, PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, Jul. 2016, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, We propose a new technique to identify the occurrence of lightning and transient luminous events (TLEs) using multicolor photometric data obtained by space borne nadir measurements. We estimate the spectral characteristics of lightning and TLEs by converting the optical data obtained by the ISUAL limb experiment to the GUMS nadir geometry. We find that the estimated spectral shapes of TLE-accompanied lightning are clearly different from those of pure lightning. The obtained results show that (1) the intensity of FIN signals and (2) the ratio of 337/red (609-753 nm) spectral irradiance are useful to identify the occurrence of TLEs. The occurrence probabilities of TLEs are 10%, 40%, 80%, in the case of lightning events having the 337/red spectral irradiance ratio of 0.95, 2.95, 14.79, respectively. By using the 60% criterion of the 337/red ratio and the existence of FUN emissions, we classify the 1039 GLIMS-observed lightning events into 828 pure lightning and 211 TLE-accompanied lightning. Since the GUMS trigger level is adjusted to observe extremely-bright events, the occurrence probability of TLEs obtained here most probably reflects the characteristics of energetic lightning. The estimated global map is consistent with previously determined distributions: the highest activities of lightning and TLEs are found over the North/South American continents, African continent, and Asian maritime regions. While the absolute occurrence number of pure lightning and TLE-accompanied lightning are found to maximize in the equatorial region, the occurrence probability of TLEs possibly increase somewhat in the mid-latitude region. Since the occurrence probabilities of TLEs are higher over the ocean than over land, it is likely that the GUMS-observed TLEs are due primarily to elves which tends to occur more frequently over the ocean. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Horizontal distributions of sprites derived from the JEM-GLIMS nadir observations
M. Sato, M. Mihara, T. Adachi, T. Ushio, T. Morimoto, M. Kikuchi, H. Kikuchi, M. Suzuki, A. Yamazaki, Y. Takahashi, U. Inan, I. Linscott, R. Ishida, Y. Sakamoto, K. Yoshida, Y. Hobara
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 121, 7, 3171, 3194, AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, Apr. 2016, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Global Lightning and Sprite Measurements on Japanese Experiment Module (JEM-GLIMS) started the nadir observations of lightning discharges and transient luminous events (TLEs) from the International Space Station (ISS) since November 2012. In the nadir observations, JEM-GLIMS optical instruments have to simultaneously detect incomparably intense lightning emissions and weak TLE emissions. To distinguish TLEs, especially sprite events, from lightning events, combined data analytical methods are adopted: (1) a subtraction of the wideband camera image from the narrowband camera image, (2) a calculation of the intensity ratio between different photometer channels, and (3) an estimation of the polarization and charge moment changes for the TLE-producing lightning discharges. We succeeded in identifying numbers of sprite events using the combined analytical methods, and here we report three sprite events detected by JEM-GLIMS as a case study. In the subtracted images, sprite emissions are located over the area of the sprite-producing lightning emissions. However, these sprites and sprite-producing lightning discharges did not occur at the nadir point of the ISS. For this reason, the geometry conversion of the sprite and sprite-producing lightning emissions as observed from the point just over the sprite-producing lightning discharges is performed. In the geometry-converted images, the locations of the sprite emissions are clearly displaced by 8-20km from the peak positions of the sprite-producing lightning emissions. Thus, the first quantitative spatial distributions of sprites and sprite-producing lightning discharges from the JEM-GLIMS nadir observations are revealed.

Relation between charge amounts of lightning discharges derived from elf waveform data and severe weather
Chihau Shimizu, Mitsuteni Sato, Yasuji Hongo, Fiiniiiiori Tsuchiya, Yukihiro Takahashi
IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials, 136, 5, 252, 258, Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, 2016, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
Japanese, Scientific journal, Recently, it was shown that the shape of lightning-generated induction magnetic field waveforms in the ELF frequency range is well comparable to that of lightning current waveforms. Therefore, charge amounts of any lightning discharges occurring within the area where the induction magnetic fields are measured can be easily estimated from ELF waveforms by quantitatively evaluating the relation between ELF waveforms and the current waveforms. In this study, we analyzed lightning current waveforms measured by a Rogowski coil installed at Mt. Ogkami and ELF waveforms measured at Onagawa observatory. Based on the quantitative comparison between the ELF waveforms and the current waveforms, empirical equations that enable us to directly convert from the magnetic field intensities into the current intensities and charge amount were obtained. Furthermore, using ELF waveform data obtained at Kuju station in Kyushu and the Japan Lightning Detection Network (JLDN) lightning data, peak current values and charge amounts for the lightning discharges occurring when severe downbursts occurred in the Kanto Plain were estimated by applying the empirical equations. Then, we newly found a clear feature showing that the time variation of charge amounts drastically changed just before the downburst onset.

Space experiment TUS on board the Lomonosov satellite as pathfinder of JEM-EUSO
J. H. Adams, S. Ahmad, J. -N. Albert, D. Allard, L. Anchordoqui, V. Andreev, A. Anzalone, Y. Arai, K. Asano, M. Ave Pernas, P. Baragatti, P. Barrillon, T. Batsch, J. Bayer, R. Bechini, T. Belenguer, R. Bellotti, K. Belov, A. A. Berlind, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, S. Biktemerova, C. Blaksley, N. Blanc, J. Blecki, S. Blin-Bondil, J. Bluemer, P. Bobik, M. Bogomilov, M. Bonamente, M. S. Briggs, S. Briz, A. Bruno, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, J-N. Capdevielle, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, G. Castellini, C. Catalano, O. Catalano, A. Cellino, M. Chikawa, M. J. Christl, D. Cline, V. Connaughton, L. Conti, G. Cordero, H. J. Crawford, R. Cremonini, S. Csorna, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. J. de Castro, C. De Donato, C. de la Taille, C. De Santis, L. del Peral, A. Dell'Oro, N. De Simone, M. Di Martino, G. Distratis, F. Dulucq, M. Dupieux, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, R. Engel, S. Falk, K. Fang, F. Fenu, I. Fernandez-Gomez, S. Ferrarese, D. Finco, M. Flamini, C. Fornaro, A. Franceschi, J. Fujimoto, M. Fukushima, P. Galeotti, G. Garipov, J. Geary, G. Gelmini, G. Giraudo, M. Gonchar, C. Gonzalez Alvarado, P. Gorodetzky, F. Guarino, A. Guzman, Y. Hachisu, B. Harlov, A. Haungs, J. Hernandez Carretero, K. Higashide, D. Ikeda, H. Ikeda, N. Inoue, S. Inoue, A. Insolia, F. Isgro, Y. Itow, E. Joven, E. G. Judd, A. Jung, F. Kajino, T. Kajino, I. Kaneko, Y. Karadzhov, J. Karczmarczyk, M. Karus, K. Katahira, K. Kawai, Y. Kawasaki, B. Keilhauer, B. A. Khrenov, Jeong-Sook Kim, Soon-Wook Kim, Sug-Whan Kim, M. Kleifges, P. A. Klimov, D. Kolev, I. Kreykenbohm, K. Kudela, Y. Kurihara, A. Kusenko, E. Kuznetsov, M. Lacombe, C. Lachaud, J. Lee, J. Licandro, H. Lim, F. Lopez, M. C. Maccarone, K. Mannheim, D. Maravilla, L. Marcelli, A. Marini, O. Martinez, G. Masciantonio, K. Mase, R. Matev, G. Medina-Tanco, T. Mernik, H. Miyamoto, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Mizumoto, G. Modestino, A. Monaco, D. Monnier-Ragaigne, J. A. Morales de los Rios, C. Moretto, V. S. Morozenko, B. Mot, T. Murakami, M. Nagano, M. Nagata, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, T. Napolitano, D. Naumov, R. Nava, A. Neronov, K. Nomoto, T. Nonaka, T. Ogawa, S. Ogio, H. Ohmori, A. V. Olinto, P. Orleanski, G. Osteria, M. I. Panasyuk, E. Parizot, I. H. Park, H. W. Park, B. Pastircak, T. Patzak, T. Paul, C. Pennypacker, S. Perez Cano, T. Peter, P. Picozza, T. Pierog, L. W. Piotrowski, S. Piraino, Z. Plebaniak, A. Pollini, P. Prat, G. Prevot, H. Prieto, M. Putis, P. Reardon, M. Reyes, M. Ricci, I. Rodriguez, M. D. Rodriguez Frias, F. Ronga, M. Roth, H. Rothkaehl, G. Roudil, I. Rusinov, M. Rybczynski, M. D. Sabau, G. Saez Cano, H. Sagawa, A. Saito, N. Sakaki, M. Sakata, H. Salazar, S. Sanchez, A. Santangelo, L. Santiago Cruz, M. Sanz Palomino, O. Saprykin, F. Sarazin, H. Sato, M. Sato, T. Schanz, H. Schieler, V. Scotti, A. Segreto, S. Selmane, D. Semikoz, M. Serra, S. Sharakin, T. Shibata, H. M. Shimizu, K. Shinozaki, T. Shirahama, G. Siemieniec-Ozieblo, H. H. Silva Lopez, J. Sledd, K. Slominska, A. Sobey, T. Sugiyama, D. Supanitsky, M. Suzuki, B. Szabelska, J. Szabelski, F. Tajima, N. Tajima, T. Tajima, Y. Takahashi, H. Takami, M. Takeda, Y. Takizawa, C. Tenzer, O. Tibolla, L. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, N. Tone, S. Toscano, F. Trillaud, R. Tsenov, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsuno, T. Tymieniecka, Y. Uchihori, M. Unger, O. Vaduvescu, J. F. Valdes-Galicia, P. Vallania, L. Valore, G. Vankova, C. Vigorito, L. Villasenor, P. von Ballmoos, S. Wada, J. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, J. Watts, M. Weber, T. J. Weiler, T. Wibig, L. Wiencke, M. Wille, J. Wilms, Z. Wlodarczyk, T. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, J. Yang, H. Yano, I. V. Yashin, D. Yonetoku, K. Yoshida, S. Yoshida, R. Young, M. Yu. Zotov, A. Zuccaro Marchi
EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY, 40, 1, 315, 326, SPRINGER, Nov. 2015, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Space-based detectors for the study of extreme energy cosmic rays (EECR) are being prepared as a promising new method for detecting highest energy cosmic rays. A pioneering space device - the "tracking ultraviolet set-up" (TUS) - is in the last stage of its construction and testing. The TUS detector will collect preliminary data on EECR in the conditions of a space environment, which will be extremely useful for planning the major JEM-EUSO detector operation.

Ground-based tests of JEM-EUSO components at the Telescope Array site, “EUSO-TA”
The JEM-EUSO Collaboration, J. H. Adams, S. Ahmad, J. N. Albert, D. Allard, L. Anchordoqui, V. Andreev, A. Anzalone, Y. Arai, K. Asano, M. Ave Pernas, P. Baragatti, P. Barrillon, T. Batsch, J. Bayer, R. Bechini, T. Belenguer, R. Bellotti, K. Belov, A. A. Berlind, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, S. Biktemerova, C. Blaksley, N. Blanc, J. Błȩcki, S. Blin-Bondil, J. Blümer, P. Bobik, M. Bogomilov, M. Bonamente, M. S. Briggs, S. Briz, A. Bruno, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, J. N. Capdevielle, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, G. Castellinic, C. Catalano, G. Catalano, A. Cellino, M. Chikawa, M. J. Christl, D. Cline, V. Connaughton, L. Conti, G. Cordero, H. J. Crawford, R. Cremonini, S. Csorna, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. J. de Castro, C. De Donato, C. de la Taille, C. De Santis, L. del Peral, A. Dell’Oro, N. De Simone, M. Di Martino, G. Distratis, F. Dulucq, M. Dupieux, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, R. Engel, S. Falk, K. Fang, F. Fenu, I. Fernández-Gómez, S. Ferrarese, D. Finco, M. Flamini, C. Fornaro, A. Franceschi, J. Fujimoto, M. Fukushima, P. Galeotti, G. Garipov, J. Geary, G. Gelmini, G. Giraudo, M. Gonchar, C. González Alvarado, P. Gorodetzky, F. Guarino, A. Guzmán, Y. Hachisu, B. Harlov, A. Haungs, J. Hernández Carretero, K. Higashide, D. Ikeda, H. Ikeda, N. Inoue, S. Inoue, A. Insolia, F. Isgrò, Y. Itow, E. Joven, E. G. Judd, A. Jung, F. Kajino, T. Kajino, I. Kaneko, Y. Karadzhov, J. Karczmarczyk, M. Karus, K. Katahira, K. Kawai, Y. Kawasaki, B. Keilhauer, B. A. Khrenov, J. S. Kim, S. W. Kim, S. W. Kim, M. Kleifges, P. A. Klimov, D. Kolev, I. Kreykenbohm, K. Kudela, Y. Kurihara, A. Kusenko, E. Kuznetsov, M. Lacombe, C. Lachaud, J. Lee, J. Licandro, H. Lim, F. López, M. C. Maccarone, K. Mannheim, D. Maravilla, L. Marcelli, A. Marini, O. Martinez, G. Masciantonio, K. Mase, R. Matev, G. Medina-Tanco, T. Mernik, H. Miyamoto, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Mizumoto, G. Modestino, A. Monaco, D. Monnier-Ragaigne, J. A. Morales de los Ríos, C. Moretto, V. S. Morozenko, B. Mot, T. Murakami, M. Nagano Murakami, M. Nagata, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, T. Napolitano, D. Naumov, R. Nava, A. Neronov, K. Nomoto, T. Nonaka, T. Ogawa, S. Ogio, H. Ohmori, A. V. Olinto, P. Orleański, G. Osteria, M. I. Panasyuk, E. Parizot, I. H. Park, H. W. Park, B. Pastircak, T. Patzak, T. Paul, C. Pennypacker, S. Perez Cano, T. Peter, P. Picozza, T. Pierog, L. W. Piotrowski, S. Piraino, Z. Plebaniak, A. Pollini, P. Prat, G. Prévôt, H. Prieto, M. Putis, P. Reardon, M. Reyes, M. Ricci, I. Rodríguez, M. D. Rodríguez Frías, F. Ronga, M. Roth, H. Rothkaehl, G. Roudil, I. Rusinov, M. Rybczyński, M. D. Sabau, G. Sáez-Cano, H. Sagawa, A. Saito, N. Sakaki, M. Sakata, H. Salazar, S. Sánchez, A. Santangelo, L. Santiago Crúz, M. Sanz Palomino, O. Saprykin, F. Sarazin, H. Sato, M. Sato, T. Schanz, H. Schieler, V. Scotti, A. Segreto, S. Selmane, D. Semikoz, M. Serra, S. Sharakin, T. Shibata, H. M. Shimizu, K. Shinozaki, T. Shirahama, G. Siemieniec-Oziȩbło, H. H. Silva López, J. Sledd, K. Słomińska, A. Sobey, T. Sugiyama, D. Supanitsky, M. Suzuki, B. Szabelska, J. Szabelski, F. Tajima, N. Tajima, T. Tajima, Y. Takahashi, H. Takami, M. Takeda, Y. Takizawa, C. Tenzer, O. Tibolla, L. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, N. Tone, S. Toscano, F. Trillaud, R. Tsenov, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsuno, T. Tymieniecka, Y. Uchihori, M. Unger, O. Vaduvescu, J. F. Valdés-Galicia, P. Vallania, L. Valore, G. Vankova, C. Vigorito, L. Villaseñor, P. von Ballmoos, S. Wada, J. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, J. Watts, M. Weber, T. J. Weiler, T. Wibig, L. Wiencke, M. Wille, J. Wilms, Z. Włodarczyk, T. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, J. Yang, H. Yano, I. V. Yashin, D. Yonetoku, K. Yoshida, S. Yoshida, R. Young, M. Yu. Zotov, A. Zuccaro Marchi
Experimental Astronomy, 40, 1, 301, 314, Springer Netherlands, 01 Nov. 2015, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, We are conducting tests of optical and electronics components of JEMEUSO at the Telescope Array site in Utah with a ground-based “EUSO-TA” detector. The tests will include an engineering validation of the detector, cross-calibration of EUSO-TA with the TA fluorescence detector and observations of air shower events. Also, the proximity of the TA’s Electron Light Source will allow for convenient use of this calibration device. In this paper, we report initial results obtained with the EUSO-TA telescope.

The EUSO-Balloon pathfinder
J. H. Adams, S. Ahmad, J. -N. Albert, D. Allard, L. Anchordoqui, V. Andreev, A. Anzalone, Y. Arai, K. Asano, M. Ave Pernas, P. Barrillon, T. Batsch, J. Bayer, R. Bechini, T. Belenguer, R. Bellotti, K. Belov, A. A. Berlind, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, S. Biktemerova, C. Blaksley, N. Blanc, J. Blecki, S. Blin-Bondil, J. Bluemer, P. Bobik, M. Bogomilov, M. Bonamente, M. S. Briggs, S. Briz, A. Bruno, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, J-N. Capdevielle, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, G. Castellini, C. Catalano, O. Catalano, A. Cellino, M. Chikawa, M. J. Christl, D. Cline, V. Connaughton, L. Conti, G. Cordero, H. J. Crawford, R. Cremonini, S. Csorna, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. J. de Castro, C. De Donato, C. de la Taille, C. De Santis, L. del Peral, A. Dell'Oro, N. De Simone, M. Di Martino, G. Distratis, F. Dulucq, M. Dupieux, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, R. Engel, S. Falk, K. Fang, F. Fenu, I. Fernandez-Gomez, S. Ferrarese, D. Finco, M. Flamini, C. Fornaro, A. Franceschi, J. Fujimoto, M. Fukushima, P. Galeotti, G. Garipov, J. Geary, G. Gelmini, G. Giraudo, M. Gonchari, C. Gonzalez Alvarado, P. Gorodetzky, F. Guarino, A. Guzman, Y. Hachisu, B. Harlov, A. Haungs, K. Higashide, D. Ikeda, H. Ikeda, N. Inoue, S. Inoue, A. Insolia, F. Isgro, Y. Itowen, E. Joven, E. G. Judd, A. Jung, F. Kajino, T. Kajino, I. Kaneko, Y. Karadzhov, J. Karczmarczyk, M. Karus, K. Katahira, K. Kawai, Y. Kawasaki, B. Keilhauer, B. A. Khrenov, Jeong-Sook Kim, Soon-Wook Kim, Sug-Whan Kim, M. Kleifges, P. A. Klimov, D. Kolev, I. Kreykenbohm, K. Kudela, Y. Kurihara, A. Kusenko, E. Kuznetsov, M. Lacombe, C. Lachaud, J. Lee, J. Licandro, H. Lim, F. Lopez, M. C. Maccarone, K. Mannheim, D. Maravilla, L. Marcelli, A. Marini, O. Martinez, G. Masciantonio, K. Mase, R. Matev, G. Medina-Tanco, T. Mernik, H. Miyamoto, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Mizumoto, G. Modestino, A. Monaco, D. Monnier-Ragaigne, J. A. Morales de los Rios, C. Moretto, V. S. Morozenko, B. Mot, T. Murakami, M. Nagano, M. Nagata, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, T. Napolitano, D. Naumov, R. Nava, A. Neronov, K. Nomoto, T. Nonaka, T. Ogawa, S. Ogio, H. Ohmori, A. V. Olinto, P. Orleanski, G. Osteria, M. I. Panasyuk, E. Parizot, I. H. Park, H. W. Park, B. Pastircak, T. Patzak, T. Paul, C. Pennypacker, S. Perez Cano, T. Peter, P. Picozza, T. Pierog, L. W. Piotrowski, S. Piraino, Z. Plebaniak, A. Pollini, P. Prat, G. Prevot, H. Prieto, M. Putis, P. Reardon, M. Reyes, M. Ricci, I. Rodriguez, M. D. Rodriguez Frias, F. Ronga, M. Roth, H. Rothkaehl, G. Roudil, I. Rusinov, M. Rybczynski, M. D. Sabau, G. Saez Cano, H. Sagawa, A. Saito, N. Sakaki, M. Sakata, H. Salazar, S. Sanchez, A. Santangelo, L. Santiago Cruz, M. Sanz Palomino, O. Saprykin, F. Sarazin, H. Sato, M. Sato, T. Schanz, H. Schieler, V. Scotti, A. Segreto, S. Selmane, D. Semikoz, M. Serra, S. Sharakin, T. Shibata, H. M. Shimizu, K. Shinozaki, T. Shirahama, G. Siemieniec-Ozieblo, H. H. Silva Lopez, J. Sledd, K. Slominska, A. Sobey, T. Sugiyama, D. Supanitsky, M. Suzuki, B. Szabelska, J. Szabelski, F. Tajima, N. Tajima, T. Tajima, Y. Takahashi, H. Takami, M. Takeda, Y. Takizawa, C. Tenzer, O. Tibolla, L. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, N. Tone, S. Toscano, F. Trillaud, R. Tsenov, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsuno, T. Tymieniecka, Y. Uchihori, M. Unger, O. Vaduvescu, J. F. Valdes-Galicia, P. Vallania, L. Valore, G. Vankova, C. Vigorito, L. Villasenor, P. von Ballmoos, S. Wada, J. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, J. Watts, M. Weber, T. J. Weiler, T. Wibig, L. Wiencke, M. Wille, J. Wilms, Z. Wl Odarczyk, T. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, J. Yang, H. Yano, I. V. Yashin, D. Yonetoku, K. Yoshida, S. Yoshida, R. Young, M. Yu. Zotov, A. Zuccaro Marchi
EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY, 40, 1, 281, 299, SPRINGER, Nov. 2015, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, EUSO-Balloon is a pathfinder for JEM-EUSO, the Extreme Universe Space Observatory which is to be hosted on-board the International Space Station. As JEM-EUSO is designed to observe Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR)-induced Extensive Air Showers (EAS) by detecting their ultraviolet light tracks "from above", EUSO-Balloon is a nadir-pointing UV telescope too. With its Fresnel Optics and Photo-Detector Module, the instrument monitors a 50 km(2) ground surface area in a wavelength band of 290-430 nm, collecting series of images at a rate of 400,000 frames/sec. The objectives of the balloon demonstrator are threefold: a) perform a full end-to-end test of a JEM-EUSO prototype consisting of all the main subsystems of the space experiment, b) measure the effective terrestrial UV background, with a spatial and temporal resolution relevant for JEM-EUSO. c) detect tracks of ultraviolet light from near space for the first time. The latter is a milestone in the development of UHECR science, paving the way for any future space-based UHECR observatory. On August 25, 2014, EUSO-Balloon was launched from Timmins Stratospheric Balloon Base (Ontario, Canada) by the balloon division of the French Space Agency CNES. From a float altitude of 38 km, the instrument operated during the entire astronomical night, observing UV-light from a variety of ground-covers and from hundreds of simulated EASs, produced by flashers and a laser during a two-hour helicopter under-flight.

JEM-EUSO: Meteor and nuclearite observations
The JEM-EUSO Collaboration, J. H. Adams, S. Ahmad, J. N. Albert, D. Allard, L. Anchordoqui, V. Andreev, A. Anzalone, Y. Arai, K. Asano, M. Ave Pernas, P. Baragatti, P. Barrillon, T. Batsch, J. Bayer, R. Bechini, T. Belenguer, R. Bellotti, K. Belov, A. A. Berlind, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, S. Biktemerova, C. Blaksley, N. Blanc, J. Błȩcki, S. Blin-Bondil, J. Blümer, P. Bobik, M. Bogomilov, M. Bonamente, M. S. Briggs, S. Briz, A. Bruno, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, J. N. Capdevielle, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, G. Castellinic, C. Catalano, G. Catalano, A. Cellino, M. Chikawa, M. J. Christl, D. Cline, V. Connaughton, L. Conti, G. Cordero, H. J. Crawford, R. Cremonini, S. Csorna, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. J. de Castro, C. De Donato, C. de la Taille, C. De Santis, L. del Peral, A. Dell’Oro, N. De Simone, M. Di Martino, G. Distratis, F. Dulucq, M. Dupieux, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, R. Engel, S. Falk, K. Fang, F. Fenu, I. Fernández-Gómez, S. Ferrarese, D. Finco, M. Flamini, C. Fornaro, A. Franceschi, J. Fujimoto, M. Fukushima, P. Galeotti, G. Garipov, J. Geary, G. Gelmini, G. Giraudo, M. Gonchar, C. González Alvarado, P. Gorodetzky, F. Guarino, A. Guzmán, Y. Hachisu, B. Harlov, A. Haungs, J. Hernández Carretero, K. Higashide, D. Ikeda, H. Ikeda, N. Inoue, S. Inoue, A. Insolia, F. Isgrò, Y. Itow, E. Joven, E. G. Judd, A. Jung, F. Kajino, T. Kajino, I. Kaneko, Y. Karadzhov, J. Karczmarczyk, M. Karus, K. Katahira, K. Kawai, Y. Kawasaki, B. Keilhauer, B. A. Khrenov, J. S. Kim, S. W. Kim, S. W. Kim, M. Kleifges, P. A. Klimov, D. Kolev, I. Kreykenbohm, K. Kudela, Y. Kurihara, A. Kusenko, E. Kuznetsov, M. Lacombe, C. Lachaud, J. Lee, J. Licandro, H. Lim, F. López, M. C. Maccarone, K. Mannheim, D. Maravilla, L. Marcelli, A. Marini, O. Martinez, G. Masciantonio, K. Mase, R. Matev, G. Medina-Tanco, T. Mernik, H. Miyamoto, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Mizumoto, G. Modestino, A. Monaco, D. Monnier-Ragaigne, J. A. Morales de los Ríos, C. Moretto, V. S. Morozenko, B. Mot, T. Murakami, M. Nagano Murakami, M. Nagata, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, T. Napolitano, D. Naumov, R. Nava, A. Neronov, K. Nomoto, T. Nonaka, T. Ogawa, S. Ogio, H. Ohmori, A. V. Olinto, P. Orleański, G. Osteria, M. I. Panasyuk, E. Parizot, I. H. Park, H. W. Park, B. Pastircak, T. Patzak, T. Paul, C. Pennypacker, S. Perez Cano, T. Peter, P. Picozza, T. Pierog, L. W. Piotrowski, S. Piraino, Z. Plebaniak, A. Pollini, P. Prat, G. Prévôt, H. Prieto, M. Putis, P. Reardon, M. Reyes, M. Ricci, I. Rodríguez, M. D. Rodríguez Frías, F. Ronga, M. Roth, H. Rothkaehl, G. Roudil, I. Rusinov, M. Rybczyński, M. D. Sabau, G. Sáez-Cano, H. Sagawa, A. Saito, N. Sakaki, M. Sakata, H. Salazar, S. Sánchez, A. Santangelo, L. Santiago Crúz, M. Sanz Palomino, O. Saprykin, F. Sarazin, H. Sato, M. Sato, T. Schanz, H. Schieler, V. Scotti, A. Segreto, S. Selmane, D. Semikoz, M. Serra, S. Sharakin, T. Shibata, H. M. Shimizu, K. Shinozaki, T. Shirahama, G. Siemieniec-Oziȩbło, H. H. Silva López, J. Sledd, K. Słomińska, A. Sobey, T. Sugiyama, D. Supanitsky, M. Suzuki, B. Szabelska, J. Szabelski, F. Tajima, N. Tajima, T. Tajima, Y. Takahashi, H. Takami, M. Takeda, Y. Takizawa, C. Tenzer, O. Tibolla, L. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, N. Tone, S. Toscano, F. Trillaud, R. Tsenov, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsuno, T. Tymieniecka, Y. Uchihori, M. Unger, O. Vaduvescu, J. F. Valdés-Galicia, P. Vallania, L. Valore, G. Vankova, C. Vigorito, L. Villaseñor, P. von Ballmoos, S. Wada, J. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, J. Watts, M. Weber, T. J. Weiler, T. Wibig, L. Wiencke, M. Wille, J. Wilms, Z. Włodarczyk, T. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, J. Yang, H. Yano, I. V. Yashin, D. Yonetoku, K. Yoshida, S. Yoshida, R. Young, M. Yu. Zotov, A. Zuccaro Marchi
Experimental Astronomy, 40, 1, 253, 279, Springer Netherlands, 01 Nov. 2015, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Meteor and fireball observations are key to the derivation of both the inventory and physical characterization of small solar system bodies orbiting in the vicinity of the Earth. For several decades, observation of these phenomena has only been possible via ground-based instruments. The proposed JEM-EUSO mission has the potential to become the first operational space-based platform to share this capability. In comparison to the observation of extremely energetic cosmic ray events, which is the primary objective of JEM-EUSO, meteor phenomena are very slow, since their typical speeds are of the order of a few tens of km/sec (whereas cosmic rays travel at light speed). The observing strategy developed to detect meteors may also be applied to the detection of nuclearites, which have higher velocities, a wider range of possible trajectories, but move well below the speed of light and can therefore be considered as slow events for JEM-EUSO. The possible detection of nuclearites greatly enhances the scientific rationale behind the JEM-EUSO mission.

Science of atmospheric phenomena with JEM-EUSO
J. H. Adams, S. Ahmad, J. -N. Albert, D. Allard, L. Anchordoqui, V. Andreev, A. Anzalone, Y. Arai, K. Asano, M. Ave Pernas, P. Baragatti, P. Barrillon, T. Batsch, J. Bayer, R. Bechini, T. Belenguer, R. Bellotti, K. Belov, A. A. Berlind, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, S. Biktemerova, C. Blaksley, N. Blanc, J. Blecki, S. Blin-Bondil, J. Bluemer, P. Bobik, M. Bogomilov, M. Bonamente, M. S. Briggs, S. Briz, A. Bruno, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, J-N. Capdevielle, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, G. Castellini, C. Catalano, O. Catalano, A. Cellino, M. Chikawa, M. J. Christl, D. Cline, V. Connaughton, L. Conti, G. Cordero, H. J. Crawford, R. Cremonini, S. Csorna, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. J. de Castro, C. De Donato, C. de la Taille, C. De Santis, L. del Peral, A. Dell'Oro, N. De Simone, M. Di Martino, G. Distratis, F. Dulucq, M. Dupieux, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, R. Engel, S. Falk, K. Fang, F. Fenu, I. Fernandez-Gomez, S. Ferrarese, D. Finco, M. Flamini, C. Fornaro, A. Franceschi, J. Fujimoto, M. Fukushima, P. Galeotti, G. Garipov, J. Geary, G. Gelmini, G. Giraudo, M. Gonchar, C. Gonzalez Alvarado, P. Gorodetzky, F. Guarino, A. Guzman, Y. Hachisu, B. Harlov, A. Haungs, J. Hernandez Carretero, K. Higashide, D. Ikeda, H. Ikeda, N. Inoue, S. Inoue, A. Insolia, F. Isgro, Y. Itow, E. Joven, E. G. Judd, A. Jung, F. Kajino, T. Kajino, I. Kaneko, Y. Karadzhov, J. Karczmarczyk, M. Karus, K. Katahira, K. Kawai, Y. Kawasaki, B. Keilhauer, B. A. Khrenov, Jeong-Sook Kim, Soon-Wook Kim, Sug-Whan Kim, M. Kleifges, P. A. Klimov, D. Kolev, I. Kreykenbohm, K. Kudela, Y. Kurihara, A. Kusenko, E. Kuznetsov, M. Lacombe, C. Lachaud, J. Lee, J. Licandro, H. Lim, F. Lopez, M. C. Maccarone, K. Mannheim, D. Maravilla, L. Marcelli, A. Marini, O. Martinez, G. Masciantonio, K. Mase, R. Matev, G. Medina-Tanco, T. Mernik, H. Miyamoto, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Mizumoto, G. Modestino, A. Monaco, D. Monnier-Ragaigne, J. A. Morales de los Rios, C. Moretto, V. S. Morozenko, B. Mot, T. Murakami, M. Nagano, M. Nagata, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, T. Napolitano, D. Naumov, R. Nava, A. Neronov, K. Nomoto, T. Nonaka, T. Ogawa, S. Ogio, H. Ohmori, A. V. Olinto, P. Orleanski, G. Osteria, M. I. Panasyuk, E. Parizot, I. H. Park, H. W. Park, B. Pastircak, T. Patzak, T. Paul, C. Pennypacker, S. Perez Cano, T. Peter, P. Picozza, T. Pierog, L. W. Piotrowski, S. Piraino, Z. Plebaniak, A. Pollini, P. Prat, G. Prevot, H. Prieto, M. Putis, P. Reardon, M. Reyes, M. Ricci, I. Rodriguez, M. D. Rodriguez Frias, F. Ronga, M. Roth, H. Rothkaehl, G. Roudil, I. Rusinov, M. Rybczynski, M. D. Sabau, G. Saez Cano, H. Sagawa, A. Saito, N. Sakaki, M. Sakata, H. Salazar, S. Sanchez, A. Santangelo, L. Santiago Cruz, M. Sanz Palomino, O. Saprykin, F. Sarazin, H. Sato, M. Sato, T. Schanz, H. Schieler, V. Scotti, A. Segreto, S. Selmane, D. Semikoz, M. Serra, S. Sharakin, T. Shibata, H. M. Shimizu, K. Shinozaki, T. Shirahama, G. Siemieniec-Ozieblo, H. H. Silva Lopez, J. Sledd, K. Slominska, A. Sobey, T. Sugiyama, D. Supanitsky, M. Suzuki, B. Szabelska, J. Szabelski, F. Tajima, N. Tajima, T. Tajima, Y. Takahashi, H. Takami, M. Takeda, Y. Takizawa, C. Tenzer, O. Tibolla, L. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, N. Tone, S. Toscano, F. Trillaud, R. Tsenov, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsuno, T. Tymieniecka, Y. Uchihori, M. Unger, O. Vaduvescu, J. F. Valdes-Galiciaga, P. Vallania, L. Valore, G. Vankova, C. Vigorito, L. Villasenor, P. von Ballmoos, S. Wada, J. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, J. Watts, M. Weber, T. J. Weiler, T. Wibig, L. Wiencke, M. Wille, J. Wilms, Z. Wlodarczyk, T. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, J. Yang, H. Yano, I. V. Yashin, D. Yonetoku, K. Yoshida, S. Yoshida, R. Young, M. Yu. Zotov, A. Zuccaro Marchi
EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY, 40, 1, 239, 251, SPRINGER, Nov. 2015, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, The main goal of the JEM-EUSO experiment is the study of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR, 10(19)-10(21) e V), but the method which will be used (detection of the secondary light emissions induced by cosmic rays in the atmosphere) allows to study other luminous phenomena. The UHECRs will be detected through the measurement of the emission in the range between 290 and 430 m, where some part of Transient Luminous Events (TLEs) emission also appears. This work discusses the possibility of using the JEM-EUSO Telescope to get new scientific results on TLEs. The high time resolution of this instrument allows to observe the evolution of TLEs with great precision just at the moment of their origin. The paper consists of four parts: review of the present knowledge on the TLE, presentation of the results of the simulations of the TLE images in the JEM-EUSO telescope, results of the Russian experiment Tatiana-2 and discussion of the possible progress achievable in this field with JEM-EUSO as well as possible cooperation with other space projects devoted to the study of TLE - TARANIS and ASIM. In atmospheric physics, the study of TLEs became one of the main physical subjects of interest after their discovery in 1989. In the years 1992 - 1994 detection was performed from satellite, aircraft and space shuttle and recently from the International Space Station. These events have short duration (milliseconds) and small scales (km to tens of km) and appear at altitudes 50 - 100 km. Their nature is still not clear and each new experimental data can be useful for a better understanding of these mysterious phenomena.

Ultra high energy photons and neutrinos with JEM-EUSO (vol 40, pg 215, 2015)
J. H. Adams, S. Ahmad, J. -N. Albert, D. Allard, L. Anchordoqui, V. Andreev, A. Anzalone, Y. Arai, K. Asano, M. Ave Pernas, P. Baragatti, P. Barrillon, T. Batsch, J. Bayer, R. Bechini, T. Belenguer, R. Bellotti, K. Belov, A. A. Berlind, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, S. Biktemerova, C. Blaksley, N. Blanc, J. Blecki, S. Blin-Bondil, J. Bluemer, P. Bobik, M. Bogomilov, M. Bonamente, M. S. Briggs, S. Briz, A. Bruno, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, J-N. Capdevielle, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, G. Castellini, C. Catalano, O. Catalano, A. Cellino, M. Chikawa, M. J. Christl, D. Cline, V. Connaughton, L. Conti, G. Cordero, H. J. Crawford, R. Cremonini, S. Csorna, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. J. de Castro, C. De Donato, C. de la Taille, C. De Santis, L. del Peral, A. Dell'Oro, N. De Simone, M. Di Martino, G. Distratis, F. Dulucq, M. Dupieux, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, R. Engel, S. Falk, K. Fang, F. Fenu, I. Fernandez-Gomez, S. Ferrarese, D. Finco, M. Flamini, C. Fornaro, A. Franceschi, J. Fujimoto, M. Fukushima, P. Galeotti, G. Garipov, J. Geary, G. Gelmini, G. Giraudo, M. Gonchar, C. Gonzalez Alvarado, P. Gorodetzky, F. Guarino, A. Guzman, Y. Hachisu, B. Harlov, A. Haungs, J. Hernandez Carretero, K. Higashide, D. Ikeda, H. Ikeda, N. Inoue, S. Inoue, A. Insolia, F. Isgr'o, Y. Itow, E. Joven, E. G. Judd, A. Jung, F. Kajino, T. Kajino, I. Kaneko, Y. Karadzhov, J. Karczmarczyk, M. Karus, K. Katahira, K. Kawai, Y. Kawasaki, B. Keilhauer, B. A. Khrenov, Jeong-Sook Kim, Soon-Wook Kim, Sug-Whan Kim, M. Kleifges, P. A. Klimov, D. Kolev, I. Kreykenbohm, K. Kudela, Y. Kurihara, A. Kusenko, E. Kuznetsov, M. Lacombe, C. Lachaud, J. Lee, J. Licandro, H. Lim, F. Lopez, M. C. Maccarone, K. Mannheim, D. Maravilla, L. Marcelli, A. Marini, O. Martinez, G. Masciantonio, K. Mase, R. Matev, G. Medina-Tanco, T. Mernik, H. Miyamoto, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Mizumoto, G. Modestino, A. Monaco, D. Monnier-Ragaigne, J. A. Morales de los Rios, C. Moretto, V. S. Morozenko, B. Mot, T. Murakami, M. Nagano, M. Nagata, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, T. Napolitano, D. Naumov, R. Nava, A. Neronov, K. Nomoto, T. Nonaka, T. Ogawa, S. Ogio, H. Ohmori, A. V. Olinto, P. Orleanski, G. Osteria, M. I. Panasyuk, E. Parizot, I. H. Park, H. W. Park, B. Pastircak, T. Patzak, T. Paul, C. Pennypacker, S. Perez Cano, T. Peter, P. Picozza, T. Pierog, L. W. Piotrowski, S. Piraino, Z. Plebaniak, A. Pollini, P. Prat, G. Prevot, H. Prieto, M. Putis, P. Reardon, M. Reyes, M. Ricci, I. Rodriguez, M. D. Rodriguez Frias, F. Ronga, M. Roth, H. Rothkaehl, G. Roudil, I. Rusinov, M. Rybczynski, M. D. Sabau, G. Saez Cano, H. Sagawa, A. Saito, N. Sakaki, M. Sakata, H. Salazar, S. Sanchez, A. Santangelo, L. Santiago Cruz, M. Sanz Palomino, O. Saprykin, F. Sarazin, H. Sato, M. Sato, T. Schanz, H. Schieler, V. Scotti, A. Segreto, S. Selmane, D. Semikoz, M. Serra, S. Sharakin, T. Shibata, H. M. Shimizu, K. Shinozaki, T. Shirahama, G. Siemieniec-Ozieblo, H. H. Silva Lopez, J. Sledd, K. Slominska, A. Sobey, T. Sugiyama, A. D. Supanitsky, M. Suzuki, B. Szabelska, J. Szabelski, F. Tajima, N. Tajima, T. Tajima, Y. Takahashi, H. Takami, M. Takeda, Y. Takizawa, C. Tenzer, O. Tibolla, L. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, N. Tone, S. Toscano, F. Trillaud, R. Tsenov, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsuno, T. Tymieniecka, Y. Uchihori, M. Unger, O. Vaduvescu, J. F. Valdes-Galicia, P. Vallania, L. Valore, G. Vankova, C. Vigorito, L. Villasenor, P. von Ballmoos, S. Wada, J. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, J. Watts, M. Weber, T. J. Weiler, T. Wibig, L. Wiencke, M. Wille, J. Wilms, Z. Wlodarczyk, T. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, J. Yang, H. Yano, I. V. Yashin, D. Yonetoku, K. Yoshida, S. Yoshida, R. Young, M. Yu. Zotov, A. Zuccaro Marchi
EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY, 40, 1, 235, 237, SPRINGER, Nov. 2015, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal

Ultra high energy photons and neutrinos with JEM-EUSO
A. D. Supanitsky, G. Medina-Tanco, A. Guzman
EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY, 40, 1, 215, 233, SPRINGER, Nov. 2015, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Ultra high energy photons and neutrinos are carriers of very important astrophysical information. They may be produced at the sites of cosmic ray acceleration or during the propagation of the cosmic rays in the intergalactic medium. In contrast to charged cosmic rays, photon and neutrino arrival directions point to the production site because they are not deflected by the magnetic fields of the Galaxy or the intergalactic medium. In this work we study the characteristics of the longitudinal development of showers initiated by photons and neutrinos at the highest energies. These studies are relevant for development of techniques for neutrino and photon identification by the JEM-EUSO telescope. In particular, we study the possibility of observing the multi-peak structure of very deep horizontal neutrino showers with JEM-EUSO. We also discuss the possibility to determine the flavor content of the incident neutrino flux by taking advantage of the different characteristics of the longitudinal profiles generated by different type of neutrinos. This is of grate importance for the study of the fundamental properties of neutrinos at the highest energies. Regarding photons, we discuss the detectability of the cosmogenic component by JEM-EUSO and also estimate the expected upper limits on the photon fraction which can be obtained from the future JEM-EUSO data for the case in which there are no photons in the samples.

Performances of JEM-EUSO: energy and X (max) reconstruction
J. H. Adams, S. Ahmad, J. -N. Albert, D. Allard, L. Anchordoqui, V. Andreev, A. Anzalone, Y. Arai, K. Asano, M. Ave Pernas, P. Baragatti, P. Barrillon, T. Batsch, J. Bayer, R. Bechini, T. Belenguer, R. Bellotti, K. Belov, A. A. Berlind, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, S. Biktemerova, C. Blaksley, N. Blanc, J. Blecki, S. Blin-Bondil, J. Bluemer, P. Bobik, M. Bogomilov, M. Bonamente, M. S. Briggs, S. Briz, A. Bruno, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, J-N. Capdevielle, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, G. Castellini, C. Catalano, O. Catalano, A. Cellino, M. Chikawa, M. J. Christl, D. Cline, V. Connaughton, L. Conti, G. Cordero, H. J. Crawford, R. Cremonini, S. Csorna, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. J. de Castro, C. De Donato, C. de la Taille, C. De Santis, L. del Peral, A. Dell'Oro, N. De Simone, M. Di Martino, G. Distratis, F. Dulucq, M. Dupieux, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, R. Engel, S. Falk, K. Fang, F. Fenu, I. Fernandez-Gomez, S. Ferrarese, D. Finco, M. Flamini, C. Fornaro, A. Franceschi, J. Fujimoto, M. Fukushima, P. Galeotti, G. Garipov, J. Geary, G. Gelmini, G. Giraudo, M. Gonchar, C. Gonzalez Alvarado, P. Gorodetzky, F. Guarino, A. Guzman, Y. Hachisu, B. Harlov, A. Haungs, J. Hernandez Carretero, K. Higashide, D. Ikeda, H. Ikeda, N. Inoue, S. Inoue, A. Insolia, F. Isgro, Y. Itow, E. Joven, E. G. Judd, A. Jung, F. Kajino, T. Kajino, I. Kaneko, Y. Karadzhov, J. Karczmarczyk, M. Karus, K. Katahira, K. Kawai, Y. Kawasaki, B. Keilhauer, B. A. Khrenov, Jeong-Sook Kim, Soon-Wook Kim, Sug-Whan Kim, M. Kleifges, P. A. Klimov, D. Kolev, I. Kreykenbohm, K. Kudela, Y. Kurihara, A. Kusenko, E. Kuznetsov, M. Lacombe, C. Lachaud, J. Lee, J. Licandro, H. Lim, F. Lopez, M. C. Maccarone, K. Mannheim, D. Maravilla, L. Marcelli, A. Marini, O. Martinez, G. Masciantonio, K. Mase, R. Matev, G. Medina-Tanco, T. Mernik, H. Miyamoto, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Mizumoto, G. Modestino, A. Monaco, D. Monnier-Ragaigne, J. A. Morales de Los Rios, C. Moretto, V. S. Morozenko, B. Mot, T. Murakami, M. Nagano, M. Nagata, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, T. Napolitano, D. Naumov, R. Nava, A. Neronov, K. Nomoto, T. Nonaka, T. Ogawa, S. Ogio, H. Ohmori, A. V. Olinto, P. Orleanski, G. Osteria, M. I. Panasyuk, E. Parizot, I. H. Park, H. W. Park, B. Pastircak, T. Patzak, T. Paul, C. Pennypacker, S. Perez Cano, T. Peter, P. Picozza, T. Pierog, L. W. Piotrowski, S. Piraino, Z. Plebaniak, A. Pollini, P. Prat, G. Prevot, H. Prieto, M. Putis, P. Reardon, M. Reyes, M. Ricci, I. Rodriguez, M. D. Rodriguez Frias, F. Ronga, M. Roth, H. Rothkaehl, G. Roudil, I. Rusinov, M. Rybczynski, M. D. Sabau, G. Saez Cano, H. Sagawa, A. Saito, N. Sakaki, M. Sakata, H. Salazar, S. Sanchez, A. Santangelo, L. Santiago Cruz, M. Sanz Palomino, O. Saprykin, F. Sarazin, H. Sato, M. Sato, T. Schanz, H. Schieler, V. Scotti, A. Segreto, S. Selmane, D. Semikoz, M. Serra, S. Sharakin, T. Shibata, H. M. Shimizu, K. Shinozaki, T. Shirahama, G. Siemieniec-Ozieblo, H. H. Silva Lopez, J. Sledd, K. Slominska, A. Sobey, T. Sugiyama, D. Supanitsky, M. Suzuki, B. Szabelska, J. Szabelski, F. Tajima, N. Tajima, T. Tajima, Y. Takahashi, H. Takami, M. Takeda, Y. Takizawa, C. Tenzer, O. Tibolla, L. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, N. Tone, S. Toscano, F. Trillaud, R. Tsenov, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsuno, T. Tymieniecka, Y. Uchihori, M. Unger, O. Vaduvescu, J. F. Valdes-Galicia, P. Vallania, L. Valore, G. Vankova, C. Vigorito, L. Villasenor, P. von Ballmoos, S. Wada, J. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, J. Watts, M. Weber, T. J. Weiler, T. Wibig, L. Wiencke, M. Wille, J. Wilms, Z. Wlodarczyk, T. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, J. Yang, H. Yano, I. V. Yashin, D. Yonetoku, K. Yoshida, S. Yoshida, R. Young, M. Yu. Zotov
EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY, 40, 1, 183, 214, SPRINGER, Nov. 2015, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, The Extreme Universe Space Observatory (EUSO) on-board the Japanese Experimental Module (JEM) of the International Space Station aims at the detection of ultra high energy cosmic rays from space. The mission consists of a UV telescope which will detect the fluorescence light emitted by cosmic ray showers in the atmosphere. The mission, currently developed by a large international collaboration, is designed to be launched within this decade. In this article, we present the reconstruction of the energy of the observed events and we also address the X (max) reconstruction. After discussing the algorithms developed for the energy and X (max) reconstruction, we present several estimates of the energy resolution, as a function of the incident angle, and energy of the event. Similarly, estimates of the X (max) resolution for various conditions are presented.

Performances of JEM-EUSO: angular reconstruction (vol 30, pg 153, 2015)
J. H. Adams, S. Ahmad, J. -N. Albert, D. Allard, L. Anchordoqui, V. Andreev, A. Anzalone, Y. Arai, K. Asano, M. Ave Pernas, P. Baragatti, P. Barrillon, T. Batsch, J. Bayer, R. Bechini, T. Belenguer, R. Bellotti, K. Belov, A. A. Berlind, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, S. Biktemerova, C. Blaksley, N. Blanc, J. Blecki, S. Blin-Bondil, J. Bluemer, P. Bobik, M. Bogomilov, M. Bonamente, M. S. Briggs, S. Briz, A. Bruno, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, J-N. Capdevielle, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, G. Castellini, C. Catalano, O. Catalano, A. Cellino, M. Chikawa, M. J. Christl, D. Cline, V. Connaughton, L. Conti, G. Cordero, H. J. Crawford, R. Cremonini, S. Csoma, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. J. de Castro, C. De Donato, C. de la Taille, C. De Santis, L. del Peral, A. Dell'Oro, N. De Simone, M. Di Martino, G. Distratis, F. Dulucq, M. Dupieux, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, R. Engel, S. Falk, K. Fang, F. Fenu, I. Fern'andez-G'omez, S. Ferrarese, D. Finco, M. Flamini, C. Fornaro, A. Franceschi, J. Fujimoto, M. Fukushima, P. Galeotti, G. Garipov, J. Geary, G. Gelmini, G. Giraudo, M. Gonchar, C. Gonz'alez Alvarado, P. Gorodetzky, F. Guarino, A. Guzman, Y. Hachisu, B. Harlov, A. Haungs, J. Hern'andez Carretero, K. Higashide, D. Ikeda, H. Ikeda, N. Inoue, S. Inoue, A. Insolia, F. Isgr'o, Y. Itow, E. Joven, E. G. Judd, A. Jung, F. Kajino, T. Kajino, I. Kaneko, Y. Karadzhov, J. Karczmarczyk, M. Karus, K. Katahira, K. Kawai, Y. Kawasaki, B. Keilhauer, B. A. Khrenov, Jeong-Sook Kim, Soon-Wook Kim, Sug-Whan Kim, M. Kleifges, P. A. Klimov, D. Kolev, I. Kreykenbohm, K. Kudela, Y. Kurihara, A. Kusenko, E. Kuznetsov, M. Lacombe, C. Lachaud, J. Lee, J. Licandro, H. Lim, F. L'opez, M. C. Maccarone, K. Mannheim, D. Maravilla, L. Marcelli, A. Marini, O. Martinez, G. Masciantonio, K. Mase, R. Matev, G. Medina-Tanco, T. Mernik, H. Miyamoto, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Mizumoto, G. Modestino, A. Monaco, D. Monnier-Ragaigne, J. A. Morales de los R'ios, C. Moretto, V. S. Morozenko, B. Mot, T. Murakami, M. Nagano, M. Nagata, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, T. Napolitano, D. Naumov, R. Nava, A. Neronov, K. Nomoto, T. Nonaka, T. Ogawa, S. Ogio, H. Ohmori, A. V. Olinto, P. Orlea'nski, G. Osteria, M. I. Panasyuk, E. Parizot, I. H. Park, H. W. Park, B. Pastircak, T. Patzak, T. Paul, C. Pennypacker, S. Perez Cano, T. Peter, P. Picozza, T. Pierog, L. W. Piotrowski, S. Piraino, Z. Plebaniak, A. Pollini, P. Prat, G. Pr'evot, H. Prieto, M. Putis, P. Reardon, M. Reyes, M. Ricci, I. Rodr'iguez, M. D. Rodr'iguez Fr'ias, F. Ronga, M. Roth, H. Rothkaehl, G. Roudil, I. Rusinov, M. Rybczy'nski, M. D. Sabau, G. S'aez Cano, H. Sagawa, A. Saito, N. Sakaki, M. Sakata, H. Salazar, S. S'anchez, A. Santangelo, L. Santiago Cr'uz, M. Sanz Palomino, O. Saprykin, F. Sarazin, H. Sato, M. Sato, T. Schanz, H. Schieler, V. Scotti, A. Segreto, S. Selmane, D. Semikoz, M. Serra, S. Sharakin, T. Shibata, H. M. Shimizu, K. Shinozaki, T. Shirahama, G. Siemieniec-Ozieblo, H. H. Silva L'opez, J. Sledd, K. Slomi'nska, A. Sobey, T. Sugiyama, D. Supanitsky, M. Suzuki, B. Szabelska, J. Szabelski, F. Tajima, N. Tajima, T. Tajima, Y. Takahashi, H. Takami, M. Takeda, Y. Takizawa, C. Tenzer, O. Tibolla, L. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, N. Tone, S. Toscano, F. Trillaud, R. Tsenov, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsuno, T. Tymieniecka, Y. Uchihori, M. Unger, O. Vaduvescu, J. F. Vald'es-Galicia, P. Vallania, L. Valore, G. Vankova, C. Vigorito, L. Villasenor, P. von Ballmoos, S. Wada, J. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, J. Watts, M. Weber, T. J. Weiler, T. Wibig, L. Wiencke, M. Wille, J. Wilms, Z. Wlodarczyk, T. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, J. Yang, H. Yano, I. V. Yashin, D. Yonetoku, K. Yoshida, S. Yoshida, R. Young, M. Yu. Zotov
EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY, 40, 1, 179, 181, SPRINGER, Nov. 2015, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal

Performances of JEM-EUSO: angular reconstruction: The JEM-EUSO Collaboration
The JEM-EUSO Collaboration, J. H. Adams, S. Ahmad, J. N. Albert, D. Allard, L. Anchordoqui, V. Andreev, A. Anzalone, Y. Arai, K. Asano, M. Ave Pernas, P. Baragatti, P. Barrillon, T. Batsch, J. Bayer, R. Bechini, T. Belenguer, R. Bellotti, K. Belov, A. A. Berlind, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, S. Biktemerova, C. Blaksley, N. Blanc, J. Błȩcki, S. Blin-Bondil, J. Blümer, P. Bobik, M. Bogomilov, M. Bonamente, M. S. Briggs, S. Briz, A. Bruno, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, J. N. Capdevielle, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, G. Castellinic, C. Catalano, G. Catalano, A. Cellino, M. Chikawa, M. J. Christl, D. Cline, V. Connaughton, L. Conti, G. Cordero, H. J. Crawford, R. Cremonini, S. Csorna, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. J. de Castro, C. De Donato, C. de la Taille, C. De Santis, L. del Peral, A. Dell’Oro, N. De Simone, M. Di Martino, G. Distratis, F. Dulucq, M. Dupieux, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, R. Engel, S. Falk, K. Fang, F. Fenu, I. Fernández-Gómez, S. Ferrarese, D. Finco, M. Flamini, C. Fornaro, A. Franceschi, J. Fujimoto, M. Fukushima, P. Galeotti, G. Garipov, J. Geary, G. Gelmini, G. Giraudo, M. Gonchar, C. González Alvarado, P. Gorodetzky, F. Guarino, A. Guzmán, Y. Hachisu, B. Harlov, A. Haungs, J. Hernández Carretero, K. Higashide, D. Ikeda, H. Ikeda, N. Inoue, S. Inoue, A. Insolia, F. Isgrò, Y. Itow, E. Joven, E. G. Judd, A. Jung, F. Kajino, T. Kajino, I. Kaneko, Y. Karadzhov, J. Karczmarczyk, M. Karus, K. Katahira, K. Kawai, Y. Kawasaki, B. Keilhauer, B. A. Khrenov, J. S. Kim, S. W. Kim, S. W. Kim, M. Kleifges, P. A. Klimov, D. Kolev, I. Kreykenbohm, K. Kudela, Y. Kurihara, A. Kusenko, E. Kuznetsov, M. Lacombe, C. Lachaud, J. Lee, J. Licandro, H. Lim, F. López, M. C. Maccarone, K. Mannheim, D. Maravilla, L. Marcelli, A. Marini, O. Martinez, G. Masciantonio, K. Mase, R. Matev, G. Medina-Tanco, T. Mernik, H. Miyamoto, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Mizumoto, G. Modestino, A. Monaco, D. Monnier-Ragaigne, J. A. Morales de los Ríos, C. Moretto, V. S. Morozenko, B. Mot, T. Murakami, M. Nagano Murakami, M. Nagata, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, T. Napolitano, D. Naumov, R. Nava, A. Neronov, K. Nomoto, T. Nonaka, T. Ogawa, S. Ogio, H. Ohmori, A. V. Olinto, P. Orleański, G. Osteria, M. I. Panasyuk, E. Parizot, I. H. Park, H. W. Park, B. Pastircak, T. Patzak, T. Paul, C. Pennypacker, S. Perez Cano, T. Peter, P. Picozza, T. Pierog, L. W. Piotrowski, S. Piraino, Z. Plebaniak, A. Pollini, P. Prat, G. Prévôt, H. Prieto, M. Putis, P. Reardon, M. Reyes, M. Ricci, I. Rodríguez, M. D. Rodríguez Frías, F. Ronga, M. Roth, H. Rothkaehl, G. Roudil, I. Rusinov, M. Rybczyński, M. D. Sabau, G. Sáez-Cano, H. Sagawa, A. Saito, N. Sakaki, M. Sakata, H. Salazar, S. Sánchez, A. Santangelo, L. Santiago Crúz, M. Sanz Palomino, O. Saprykin, F. Sarazin, H. Sato, M. Sato, T. Schanz, H. Schieler, V. Scotti, A. Segreto, S. Selmane, D. Semikoz, M. Serra, S. Sharakin, T. Shibata, H. M. Shimizu, K. Shinozaki, T. Shirahama, G. Siemieniec-Oziȩbło, H. H. Silva López, J. Sledd, K. Słomińska, A. Sobey, T. Sugiyama, D. Supanitsky, M. Suzuki, B. Szabelska, J. Szabelski, F. Tajima, N. Tajima, T. Tajima, Y. Takahashi, H. Takami, M. Takeda, Y. Takizawa, C. Tenzer, O. Tibolla, L. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, N. Tone, S. Toscano, F. Trillaud, R. Tsenov, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsuno, T. Tymieniecka, Y. Uchihori, M. Unger, O. Vaduvescu, J. F. Valdés-Galicia, P. Vallania, L. Valore, G. Vankova, C. Vigorito, L. Villaseñor, P. von Ballmoos, S. Wada, J. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, J. Watts, M. Weber, T. J. Weiler, T. Wibig, L. Wiencke, M. Wille, J. Wilms, Z. Włodarczyk, T. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, J. Yang, H. Yano, I. V. Yashin, D. Yonetoku, K. Yoshida, S. Yoshida, R. Young, M. Yu. Zotov, A. Zuccaro Marchi
Experimental Astronomy, 40, 1, 153, 177, Springer Netherlands, 01 Nov. 2015, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Mounted on the International Space Station(ISS), the Extreme Universe Space Observatory, on-board the Japanese Experimental Module (JEM-EUSO), relies on the well established fluorescence technique to observe Extensive Air Showers (EAS) developing in the earth’s atmosphere. Focusing on the detection of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) in the decade of 1020eV, JEM-EUSO will face new challenges by applying this technique from space. The EUSO Simulation and Analysis Framework (ESAF) has been developed in this context to provide a full end-to-end simulation frame, and assess the overall performance of the detector. Within ESAF, angular reconstruction can be separated into two conceptually different steps. The first step is pattern recognition, or filtering, of the signal to separate it from the background. The second step is to perform different types of fitting in order to search for the relevant geometrical parameters that best describe the previously selected signal. In this paper, we discuss some of the techniques we have implemented in ESAF to perform the geometrical reconstruction of EAS seen by JEM-EUSO. We also conduct thorough tests to assess the performances of these techniques in conditions which are relevant to the scope of the JEM-EUSO mission. We conclude by showing the expected angular resolution in the energy range that JEM-EUSO is expected to observe.

The JEM-EUSO observation in cloudy conditions
J. H. Adams, S. Ahmad, J. -N. Albert, D. Allard, L. Anchordoqui, V. Andreev, A. Anzalone, Y. Arai, K. Asano, M. Ave Pernas, P. Baragatti, P. Barrillon, T. Batsch, J. Bayer, R. Bechini, T. Belenguer, R. Bellotti, K. Belov, A. A. Berlind, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, S. Biktemerova, C. Blaksley, N. Blanc, J. Blecki, S. Blin-Bondil, J. Bluemer, P. Bobik, M. Bogomilov, M. Bonamente, M. S. Briggs, S. Briz, A. Bruno, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, J-N. Capdevielle, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, G. Castellini, C. Catalano, O. Catalano, A. Cellino, M. Chikawa, M. J. Christl, D. Cline, V. Connaughton, L. Conti, G. Cordero, H. J. Crawford, R. Cremonini, S. Csorna, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. J. de Castro, C. De Donato, C. de la Taille, C. De Santis, L. del Peral, A. Dell'Oro, N. De Simone, M. Di Martino, G. Distratis, F. Dulucq, M. Dupieux, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, R. Engel, S. Falk, K. Fang, F. Fenu, I. Fernandez-Gomez, S. Ferrarese, D. Finco, M. Flamini, C. Fornarodo, A. Franceschi, J. Fujimoto, M. Fukushima, P. Galeotti, G. Garipov, J. Geary, G. Gelmini, G. Giraudo, M. Gonchar, C. Gonzalez Alvarado, P. Gorodetzky, F. Guarino, A. Guzman, Y. Hachisu, B. Harlov, A. Haungs, J. Hernandez Carretero, K. Higashide, D. Ikeda, H. Ikeda, N. Inoue, S. Inoue, A. Insolia, F. Isgro, Y. Itow, E. Joven, E. G. Judd, A. Jung, F. Kajino, T. Kajino, I. Kaneko, Y. Karadzhov, J. Karczmarczyk, M. Karus, K. Katahira, K. Kawai, Y. Kawasaki, B. Keilhauer, B. A. Khrenov, Jeong-Sook Kim, Soon-Wook Kim, Sug-Whan Kim, M. Kleifges, P. A. Klimov, D. Kolev, I. Kreykenbohm, K. Kudela, Y. Kurihara, A. Kusenko, E. Kuznetsov, M. Lacombe, C. Lachaud, J. Lee, J. Licandro, H. Lim, F. Lopez, M. C. Maccarone, K. Mannheim, D. Maravilla, L. Marcelli, A. Marini, O. Martinez, G. Masciantonio, K. Mase, R. Matev, G. Medina-Tanco, T. Mernik, H. Miyamoto, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Mizumoto, G. Modestino, A. Monaco, D. Monnier-Ragaigne, J. A. Morales de los Rios, C. Moretto, V. S. Morozenko, B. Mot, T. Murakami, M. Nagano, M. Nagata, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, T. Napolitano, D. Naumov, R. Nava, A. Neronov, K. Nomoto, T. Nonaka, T. Ogawa, S. Ogio, H. Ohmori, A. V. Olinto, P. Orleanski, G. Osteria, M. I. Panasyuk, E. Parizot, I. H. Park, H. W. Park, B. Pastircakja, T. Patzak, T. Paul, C. Pennypacker, S. Perez Cano, T. Peter, P. Picozza, T. Pierog, L. W. Piotrowski, S. Piraino, Z. Plebaniak, A. Pollini, P. Prat, G. Prevot, H. Prieto, M. Putis, P. Reardon, M. Reyes, M. Ricci, I. Rodriguez, M. D. Rodriguez Frias, F. Ronga, M. Roth, H. Rothkaehl, G. Roudil, I. Rusinov, M. Rybczynski, M. D. Sabau, G. Saez Cano, H. Sagawa, A. Saito, N. Sakaki, M. Sakata, H. Salazar, S. Sanchez, A. Santangelo, L. Santiago Cruz, M. Sanz Palomino, O. Saprykin, F. Sarazin, H. Sato, M. Sato, T. Schanz, H. Schieler, V. Scotti, A. Segreto, S. Selmane, D. Semikoz, M. Serra, S. Sharakin, T. Shibata, H. M. Shimizu, K. Shinozaki, T. Shirahama, G. Siemieniec-Ozieblo, H. H. Silva Lopez, J. Sledd, K. Slominska, A. Sobey, T. Sugiyama, D. Supanitsky, M. Suzuki, B. Szabelska, J. Szabelski, F. Tajima, N. Tajima, T. Tajima, Y. Takahashi, H. Takami, M. Takeda, Y. Takizawa, C. Tenzer, O. Tibolla, L. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, N. Tone, S. Toscano, F. Trillaud, R. Tsenov, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsuno, T. Tymieniecka, Y. Uchihori, M. Unger, O. Vaduvescu, J. F. Valdes-Galicia, P. Vallania, L. Valore, G. Vankova, C. Vigorito, L. Villasenor, P. von Ballmoos, S. Wada, J. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, J. Watts, M. Weber, T. J. Weiler, T. Wibig, L. Wiencke, M. Wille, J. Wilms, Z. Wlodarczyk, T. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, J. Yang, H. Yano, I. V. Yashin, D. Yonetoku, K. Yoshida, S. Yoshida, R. Young, M. Yu. Zotov, A. Zuccaro Marchi
EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY, 40, 1, 135, 152, SPRINGER, Nov. 2015, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, The JEM-EUSO (Extreme Universe Space Observatory on-board the Japanese Experiment Module) mission will conduct extensive air shower (EAS) observations on the International Space Station (ISS). Following the ISS orbit, JEM-EUSO will experience continuous changes in the atmospheric conditions, including cloud presence. The influence of clouds on space-based observation is, therefore, an important topic to investigate from both EAS property and cloud climatology points of view. In the present work, the impact of clouds on the apparent profile of EAS is demonstrated through the simulation studies, taking into account the JEM-EUSO instrument and properties of the clouds. These results show a dependence on the cloud-top altitude and optical depth of the cloud. The analyses of satellite measurements on the cloud distribution indicate that more than 60 % of the cases allow for conventional EAS observation, and an additional similar to 20 % with reduced quality. The combination of the relevant factors results in an effective trigger aperture of EAS observation similar to 72 %, compared to the one in the clear atmosphere condition.

JEM-EUSO observational technique and exposure
M. Bertaina, P. Bobik, F. Fenu, K. Shinozaki
EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY, 40, 1, 117, 134, SPRINGER, Nov. 2015, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Designed as the first mission to explore the ultra-high energy universe from space, JEM-EUSO observes the Earth's atmosphere at night to record the ultraviolet tracks generated by the extensive air showers. We present the expected geometrical aperture and annual exposure in the nadir and tilt modes for ultra-high energy cosmic rays observation as a function of the altitude of the International Space Station.

Calibration aspects of the JEM-EUSO mission
J. H. Adams, S. Ahmad, J. -N. Albert, D. Allard, L. Anchordoqui, V. Andreev, A. Anzalone, Y. Arai, K. Asano, M. Ave Pernas, P. Baragatti, P. Barrillon, T. Batsch, J. Bayer, R. Bechini, T. Belenguer, R. Bellotti, K. Belov, A. A. Berlind, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, S. Biktemerova, C. Blaksley, N. Blanc, J. Blecki, S. Blin-Bondil, J. Bluemer, P. Bobik, M. Bogomilov, M. Bonamente, M. S. Briggs, S. Briz, A. Bruno, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, J-N. Capdevielle, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, G. Castellini, C. Catalano, O. Catalano, A. Cellino, M. Chikawa, M. J. Christl, D. Cline, V. Connaughton, L. Conti, G. Cordero, H. J. Crawford, R. Cremonini, S. Csorna, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. J. de Castro, C. de Donato, C. de la Taille, C. de Santis, L. del Peral, A. Dell'Oro, N. De Simone, M. Di Martino, G. Distratis, F. Dulucq, M. Dupieux, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, R. Engel, S. Falk, K. Fang, F. Fenu, I. Fernandez-Gomez, S. Ferrarese, D. Finco, M. Flamini, C. Fornaro, A. Franceschi, J. Fujimoto, M. Fukushima, P. Galeotti, G. Garipov, J. Geary, G. Gelmini, G. Giraudo, M. Gonchar, C. Gonzalez Alvarado, P. Gorodetzky, F. Guarino, A. Guzman, Y. Hachisu, B. Harlov, A. Haungs, J. Hernandez Carretero, K. Higashide, D. Ikeda, H. Ikeda, N. Inoue, S. Inoue, A. Insolia, F. Isgro, Y. Itow, E. Joven, E. G. Judd, A. Jung, F. Kajino, T. Kajino, I. Kaneko, Y. Karadzhov, J. Karczmarczyk, M. Karus, K. Katahira, K. Kawai, Y. Kawasaki, B. Keilhauer, B. A. Khrenov, Jeong-Sook Kim, Soon-Wook Kim, Sug-Whan Kim, M. Kleifges, P. A. Klimov, D. Kolev, I. Kreykenbohm, K. Kudela, Y. Kurihara, A. Kusenko, E. Kuznetsov, M. Lacombe, C. Lachaud, J. Lee, J. Licandro, H. Lim, F. Lopez, M. C. Maccarone, K. Mannheim, D. Maravilla, L. Marcelli, A. Marini, O. Martinez, G. Masciantonio, K. Mase, R. Matev, G. Medina-Tanco, T. Mernik, H. Miyamoto, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Mizumoto, G. Modestino, A. Monaco, D. Monnier-Ragaigne, J. A. Morales de los Rios, C. Moretto, V. S. Morozenko, B. Mot, T. Murakami, M. Nagano, M. Nagata, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, T. Napolitano, D. Naumov, R. Nava, A. Neronov, K. Nomoto, T. Nonaka, T. Ogawa, S. Ogio, H. Ohmori, A. V. Olinto, P. Orleanski, G. Osteria, M. I. Panasyuk, E. Parizot, I. H. Park, H. W. Park, B. Pastircak, T. Patzak, T. Paul, C. Pennypacker, S. Perez Cano, T. Peter, P. Picozza, T. Pierog, L. W. Piotrowski, S. Piraino, Z. Plebaniak, A. Pollini, P. Prat, G. Prevot, T. Pierog, L. W. Piotrowski, S. Piraino, Z. Plebaniak, A. Pollini, P. Prat, G. Prevot, H. Prieto, M. Putis, P. Reardon, M. Reyes, M. Ricci, I. Rodriguez, M. D. Rodriguez, M. D. Rodriguez Frias, F. Ronga, M. Roth, H. Rothkaehl, G. Roudil, I. Rusinov, M. Rybczynski, M. D. Sabau, G. Saez Cano, H. Sagawa, A. Saito, N. Sakaki, M. Sakata, H. Salazar, S. Sanchez, A. Santangelo, L. Santiago Cruz, M. Sanz Palomino, O. Saprykin, F. Sarazin, H. Sato, M. Sato, T. Schanz, H. Schieler, V. Scotti, A. Segreto, S. Selmane, D. Semikoz, M. Serra, S. Sharakin, T. Shibata, H. M. Shimizu, K. Shinozaki, T. Shirahama, G. Siemieniec-Ozieblo, H. H. Silva Lopez, J. Sledd, K. Slominska, A. Sobey, T. Sugiyama, D. Supanitsky, M. Suzuki, B. Szabelska, J. Szabelski, F. Tajima, N. Tajima, T. Tajima, Y. Takahashi, H. Takami, M. Takeda, Y. Takizawa, C. Tenzer, O. Tibolla, L. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, N. Tone, S. Toscano, F. Trillaud, R. Tsenov, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsuno, T. Tymieniecka, Y. Uchihori, M. Unger, O. Vaduvescu, J. F. Valdes-Galicia, P. Vallania, L. Valore, G. Vankova, C. Vigorito, L. Villasenor, P. von Ballmoos, S. Wada, J. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, J. Watts, M. Weber, T. J. Weiler, T. Wibig, L. Wiencke, M. Wille, J. Wilms, Z. Wlodarczyk, T. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, J. Yang, H. Yano, I. V. Yashin, D. Yonetoku, K. Yoshida, S. Yoshida, R. Young, M. Yu. Zotov, A. Zuccaro Marchi
EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY, 40, 1, 91, 116, SPRINGER, Nov. 2015, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, The JEM-EUSO telescope will be, after calibration, a very accurate instrument which yields the number of received photons from the number of measured photo-electrons. The project is in phase A (demonstration of the concept) including already operating prototype instruments, i.e. many parts of the instrument have been constructed and tested. Calibration is a crucial part of the instrument and its use. The focal surface (FS) of the JEM-EUSO telescope will consist of about 5000 photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs), which have to be well calibrated to reach the required accuracy in reconstructing the air-shower parameters. The optics system consists of 3 plastic Fresnel (double-sided) lenses of 2.5 m diameter. The aim of the calibration system is to measure the efficiencies (transmittances) of the optics and absolute efficiencies of the entire focal surface detector. The system consists of 3 main components: (i) Pre-flight calibration devices on ground, where the efficiency and gain of the PMTs will be measured absolutely and also the transmittance of the optics will be. (ii) On-board relative calibration system applying two methods: a) operating during the day when the JEM-EUSO lid will be closed with small light sources on board. b) operating during the night, together with data taking: the monitoring of the background rate over identical sites. (iii) Absolute in-flight calibration, again, applying two methods: a) measurement of the moon light, reflected on high altitude, high albedo clouds. b) measurements of calibrated flashes and tracks produced by the Global Light System (GLS). Some details of each calibration method will be described in this paper.

The infrared camera onboard JEM-EUSO
J. H. Adams, S. Ahmad, J. -N. Albert, D. Allard, L. Anchordoqui, V. Andreev, A. Anzalone, Y. Arai, K. Asano, M. Ave Pernas, P. Baragatti, P. Barrillon, T. Batsch, J. Bayer, R. Bechini, T. Belenguer, R. Bellotti, K. Belov, A. A. Berlind, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, S. Biktemerova, C. Blaksley, N. Blanc, J. Blecki, S. Blin-Bondil, J. Bluemer, P. Bobik, M. Bogomilov, M. Bonamente, M. S. Briggs, S. Briz, A. Bruno, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, J-N. Capdevielle, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, G. Castellini, C. Catalano, O. Catalano, A. Cellino, M. Chikawa, M. J. Christl, D. Cline, V. Connaughton, L. Conti, G. Cordero, H. J. Crawford, R. Cremonini, S. Csorna, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. J. de Castro, C. De Donato, C. de la Taille, C. De Santis, L. del Peral, A. Dell'Oro, N. De Simone, M. Di Martino, G. Distratis, F. Dulucq, M. Dupieux, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, R. Engel, S. Falk, K. Fang, F. Fenu, I. Fernandez-Gomez, S. Ferrarese, D. Finco, M. Flamini, C. Fornaro, A. Franceschi, J. Fujimoto, M. Fukushima, P. Galeotti, G. Garipov, J. Geary, G. Gelmini, G. Giraudo, M. Gonchar, C. Gonzalez Alvarado, P. Gorodetzky, F. Guarino, A. Guzman, Y. Hachisu, B. Harlov, A. Haungs, J. Hernandez Carretero, K. Higashide, D. Ikeda, H. Ikeda, N. Inoue, S. Inoue, A. Insolia, F. Isgro, Y. Itow, E. Joven, E. G. Judd, A. Jung, F. Kajino, T. Kajino, I. Kaneko, Y. Karadzhov, J. Karczmarczyk, M. Karus, K. Katahira, K. Kawai, Y. Kawasaki, B. Keilhauer, B. A. Khrenov, Jeong-Sook Kim, Soon-Wook Kim, Sug-Whan Kim, M. Kleifges, P. A. Klimov, D. Kolev, I. Kreykenbohm, K. Kudela, Y. Kurihara, A. Kusenko, E. Kuznetsov, M. Lacombe, C. Lachaud, J. Lee, J. Licandro, H. Lim, F. Lopez, M. C. Maccarone, K. Mannheim, D. Maravilla, L. Marcelli, A. Marini, O. Martinez, G. Masciantonio, K. Mase, R. Matev, G. Medina-Tanco, T. Mernik, H. Miyamoto, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Mizumoto, G. Modestino, A. Monaco, D. Monnier-Ragaigne, J. A. Morales de los Rios, C. Moretto, V. S. Morozenko, B. Mot, T. Murakami, M. Nagano, M. Nagata, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, T. Napolitano, D. Naumov, R. Nava, A. Neronov, K. Nomoto, T. Nonaka, T. Ogawa, S. Ogio, H. Ohmori, A. V. Olinto, P. Orleanski, G. Osteria, M. I. Panasyuk, E. Parizot, I. H. Park, H. W. Park, B. Pastircak, T. Patzak, T. Paul, C. Pennypacker, S. Perez Cano, T. Peter, P. Picozza, T. Pierog, L. W. Piotrowski, S. Piraino, Z. Plebaniak, A. Pollini, P. Prat, G. Prevot, H. Prieto, M. Putis, P. Reardon, M. Reyes, M. Ricci, I. Rodriguez, M. D. Rodriguez Frias, F. Ronga, M. Roth, H. Rothkaehl, G. Roudil, I. Rusinov, M. Rybczynski, M. D. Sabau, G. Saez Cano, H. Sagawa, A. Saito, N. Sakaki, M. Sakata, H. Salazar, S. Sanchez, A. Santangelo, L. Santiago Cruz, M. Sanz Palomino, O. Saprykin, F. Sarazin, H. Sato, M. Sato, T. Schanz, H. Schieler, V. Scotti, A. Segreto, S. Selmane, D. Semikoz, M. Serra, S. Sharakin, T. Shibata, H. M. Shimizu, K. Shinozaki, T. Shirahama, G. Siemieniec-Ozieblo, H. H. Silva Lopez, J. Sledd, K. Slominska, A. Sobey, T. Sugiyama, D. Supanitsky, M. Suzuki, B. Szabelska, J. Szabelski, F. Tajima, N. Tajima, T. Tajima, Y. Takahashi, H. Takami, M. Takeda, Y. Takizawa, C. Tenzer, O. Tibolla, L. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, N. Tone, S. Toscano, F. Trillaud, R. Tsenov, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsuno, T. Tymieniecka, Y. Uchihori, M. Unger, O. Vaduvescu, J. F. Valdes-Galicia, P. Vallania, L. Valore, G. Vankova, C. Vigorito, L. Villasenor, P. von Ballmoos, S. Wada, J. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, J. Watts, M. Weber, T. J. Weiler, T. Wibig, L. Wiencke, M. Wille, J. Wilms, Z. Wlodarczyk, T. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, J. Yang, H. Yano, I. V. Yashini, D. Yonetoku, K. Yoshida, S. Yoshida, R. Young, M. Yu. Zotovi, A. Zuccaro Marchi
EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY, 40, 1, 61, 89, SPRINGER, Nov. 2015, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM-EUSO) on board the International Space Station (ISS) is the first space-based mission worldwide in the field of Ultra High-Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR). For UHECR experiments, the atmosphere is not only the showering calorimeter for the primary cosmic rays, it is an essential part of the readout system, as well. Moreover, the atmosphere must be calibrated and has to be considered as input for the analysis of the fluorescence signals. Therefore, the JEM-EUSO Space Observatory is implementing an Atmospheric Monitoring System (AMS) that will include an IR-Camera and a LIDAR. The AMS Infrared Camera is an infrared, wide FoV, imaging system designed to provide the cloud coverage along the JEM-EUSO track and the cloud top height to properly achieve the UHECR reconstruction in cloudy conditions. In this paper, an updated preliminary design status, the results from the calibration tests of the first prototype, the simulation of the instrument, and preliminary cloud top height retrieval algorithms are presented.

The atmospheric monitoring system of the JEM-EUSO instrument
J. H. Adams, S. Ahmad, J. -N. Albert, D. Allard, L. Anchordoqui, V. Andreev, A. Anzalone, Y. Arai, K. Asano, M. Ave Pernas, P. Baragatti, P. Barrillon, T. Batsch, J. Bayer, R. Bechini, T. Belenguer, R. Bellotti, K. Belov, A. A. Berlind, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, S. Biktemerova, C. Blaksley, N. Blanc, J. Blecki, S. Blin-Bondil, J. Bluemer, P. Bobik, M. Bogomilov, M. Bonamente, M. S. Briggs, S. Briz, A. Bruno, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, J-N. Capdevielle, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, G. Castellini, C. Catalano, O. Catalano, A. Cellino, M. Chikawa, M. J. Christl, D. Cline, V. Connaughton, L. Conti, G. Cordero, H. J. Crawford, R. Cremonini, S. Csorna, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. J. de Castro, C. De Donato, C. de la Taille, C. De Santis, L. del Peral, A. Dell'Oro, N. De Simone, M. Di Martino, G. Distratis, F. Dulucq, M. Dupieux, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, R. Engel, S. Falk, K. Fang, F. Fenu, I. Fernandez-Gomez, S. Ferrarese, D. Finco, M. Flamini, C. Fornaro, A. Franceschi, J. Fujimoto, M. Fukushima, P. Galeotti, G. Garipov, J. Geary, G. Gelmini, G. Giraudo, M. Gonchar, C. Gonzalez Alvarado, P. Gorodetzky, F. Guarino, A. Guzman, Y. Hachisu, B. Harlov, A. Haungs, J. Hernandez Carretero, K. Higashide, D. Ikeda, H. Ikeda, N. Inoue, S. Inoue, A. Insolia, F. Isgro, Y. Itow, E. Joven, E. G. Judd, A. Jung, F. Kajino, T. Kajino, I. Kaneko, Y. Karadzhov, J. Karczmarczyk, M. Karus, K. Katahira, K. Kawai, Y. Kawasaki, B. Keilhauer, B. A. Khrenov, Jeong-Sook Kim, Soon-Wook Kim, Sug-Whan Kim, M. Kleifges, P. A. Klimov, D. Kolev, I. Kreykenbohm, K. Kudela, Y. Kurihara, A. Kusenko, E. Kuznetsov, M. Lacombe, C. Lachaud, J. Lee, J. Licandro, H. Lim, F. Lopez, M. C. Maccarone, K. Mannheim, D. Maravilla, L. Marcelli, A. Marini, O. Martinez, G. Masciantonio, K. Mase, R. Matev, G. Medina-Tanco, T. Mernik, H. Miyamoto, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Mizumoto, G. Modestino, A. Monaco, D. Monnier-Ragaigne, J. A. Morales de los Rios, C. Moretto, V. S. Morozenko, B. Mot, T. Murakami, M. Nagano, M. Nagata, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, T. Napolitano, D. Naumov, R. Nava, A. Neronov, K. Nomoto, T. Nonaka, T. Ogawa, S. Ogio, H. Ohmori, A. V. Olinto, P. Orleanski, G. Osteria, M. I. Panasyuk, E. Parizot, I. H. Park, H. W. Park, B. Pastircak, T. Patzak, T. Paul, C. Pennypacker, S. Perez Cano, T. Peter, P. Picozza, T. Pierog, L. W. Piotrowski, S. Piraino, Z. Plebaniak, A. Pollini, P. Prat, G. Prevot, H. Prieto, M. Putis, P. Reardon, M. Reyes, M. Ricci, I. Rodriguez, M. D. Rodriguez Frias, F. Ronga, M. Roth, H. Rothkaehl, G. Roudil, I. Rusinov, M. Rybczynski, M. D. Sabau, G. Saez Cano, H. Sagawa, A. Saito, N. Sakaki, M. Sakata, H. Salazar, S. Sanchez, A. Santangelo, L. Santiago Cruz, M. Sanz Palomino, O. Saprykin, F. Sarazin, H. Sato, M. Sato, T. Schanz, H. Schieler, V. Scotti, A. Segreto, S. Selmane, D. Semikoz, M. Serra, S. Sharakin, T. Shibata, H. M. Shimizu, K. Shinozaki, T. Shirahama, G. Siemieniec-Ozieblo, H. H. Silva Lopez, J. Sledd, K. Slominska, A. Sobey, T. Sugiyama, D. Supanitsky, M. Suzuki, B. Szabelska, J. Szabelski, F. Tajima, N. Tajima, T. Tajima, Y. Takahashi, H. Takami, M. Takeda, Y. Takizawa, C. Tenzer, O. Tibolla, L. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, N. Tone, S. Toscano, F. Trillaud, R. Tsenov, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsuno, T. Tymieniecka, Y. Uchihori, M. Unger, O. Vaduvescu, J. F. Valdes-Galicia, P. Vallania, L. Valore, G. Vankova, C. Vigorito, L. Villasenor, P. von Ballmoos, S. Wada, J. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, J. Watts, M. Weber, J. Weiler, T. Wibig, L. Wiencke, M. Wille, J. Wilms, Z. Wlodarczyk, T. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, J. Yang, H. Yano, I. V. Yashin, D. Yonetoku, K. Yoshida, S. Yoshida, R. Young, M. Yu. Zotov, A. Zuccaro Marchi
EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY, 40, 1, 45, 60, SPRINGER, Nov. 2015, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, The JEM-EUSO telescope will detect Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) from space, detecting the UV Fluorescence Light produced by Extensive Air Showers (EAS) induced by the interaction of the cosmic rays with the earth's atmosphere. The capability to reconstruct the properties of the primary cosmic ray depends on the accurate measurement of the atmospheric conditions in the region of EAS development. The Atmospheric Monitoring (AM) system of JEM-EUSO will host a LIDAR, operating in the UV band, and an Infrared camera to monitor the cloud cover in the JEM-EUSO Field of View, in order to be sensitive to clouds with an optical depth tau a parts per thousand yen 0.15 and to measure the cloud top altitude with an accuracy of 500 m and an altitude resolution of 500 m.

The JEM-EUSO instrument
The JEM-EUSO Collaboration, J. H. Adams, S. Ahmad, J. N. Albert, D. Allard, L. Anchordoqui, V. Andreev, A. Anzalone, Y. Arai, K. Asano, M. Ave Pernas, P. Baragatti, P. Barrillon, T. Batsch, J. Bayer, R. Bechini, T. Belenguer, R. Bellotti, K. Belov, A. A. Berlind, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, S. Biktemerova, C. Blaksley, N. Blanc, J. Błȩcki, S. Blin-Bondil, J. Blümer, P. Bobik, M. Bogomilov, M. Bonamente, M. S. Briggs, S. Briz, A. Bruno, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, J. N. Capdevielle, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, G. Castellinic, C. Catalano, G. Catalano, A. Cellino, M. Chikawa, M. J. Christl, D. Cline, V. Connaughton, L. Conti, G. Cordero, H. J. Crawford, R. Cremonini, S. Csorna, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. J. de Castro, C. De Donato, C. de la Taille, C. De Santis, L. del Peral, A. Dell’Oro, N. De Simone, M. Di Martino, G. Distratis, F. Dulucq, M. Dupieux, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, R. Engel, S. Falk, K. Fang, F. Fenu, I. Fernández-Gómez, S. Ferrarese, D. Finco, M. Flamini, C. Fornaro, A. Franceschi, J. Fujimoto, M. Fukushima, P. Galeotti, G. Garipov, J. Geary, G. Gelmini, G. Giraudo, M. Gonchar, C. González Alvarado, P. Gorodetzky, F. Guarino, A. Guzmán, Y. Hachisu, B. Harlov, A. Haungs, J. Hernández Carretero, K. Higashide, D. Ikeda, H. Ikeda, N. Inoue, S. Inoue, A. Insolia, F. Isgrò, Y. Itow, E. Joven, E. G. Judd, A. Jung, F. Kajino, T. Kajino, I. Kaneko, Y. Karadzhov, J. Karczmarczyk, M. Karus, K. Katahira, K. Kawai, Y. Kawasaki, B. Keilhauer, B. A. Khrenov, J. S. Kim, S. W. Kim, S. W. Kim, M. Kleifges, P. A. Klimov, D. Kolev, I. Kreykenbohm, K. Kudela, Y. Kurihara, A. Kusenko, E. Kuznetsov, M. Lacombe, C. Lachaud, J. Lee, J. Licandro, H. Lim, F. López, M. C. Maccarone, K. Mannheim, D. Maravilla, L. Marcelli, A. Marini, O. Martinez, G. Masciantonio, K. Mase, R. Matev, G. Medina-Tanco, T. Mernik, H. Miyamoto, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Mizumoto, G. Modestino, A. Monaco, D. Monnier-Ragaigne, J. A. Morales de los Ríos, C. Moretto, V. S. Morozenko, B. Mot, T. Murakami, M. Nagano Murakami, M. Nagata, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, T. Napolitano, D. Naumov, R. Nava, A. Neronov, K. Nomoto, T. Nonaka, T. Ogawa, S. Ogio, H. Ohmori, A. V. Olinto, P. Orleański, G. Osteria, M. I. Panasyuk, E. Parizot, I. H. Park, H. W. Park, B. Pastircak, T. Patzak, T. Paul, C. Pennypacker, S. Perez Cano, T. Peter, P. Picozza, T. Pierog, L. W. Piotrowski, S. Piraino, Z. Plebaniak, A. Pollini, P. Prat, G. Prévôt, H. Prieto, M. Putis, P. Reardon, M. Reyes, M. Ricci, I. Rodríguez, M. D. Rodríguez Frías, F. Ronga, M. Roth, H. Rothkaehl, G. Roudil, I. Rusinov, M. Rybczyński, M. D. Sabau, G. Sáez-Cano, H. Sagawa, A. Saito, N. Sakaki, M. Sakata, H. Salazar, S. Sánchez, A. Santangelo, L. Santiago Crúz, M. Sanz Palomino, O. Saprykin, F. Sarazin, H. Sato, M. Sato, T. Schanz, H. Schieler, V. Scotti, A. Segreto, S. Selmane, D. Semikoz, M. Serra, S. Sharakin, T. Shibata, H. M. Shimizu, K. Shinozaki, T. Shirahama, G. Siemieniec-Oziȩbło, H. H. Silva López, J. Sledd, K. Słomińska, A. Sobey, T. Sugiyama, D. Supanitsky, M. Suzuki, B. Szabelska, J. Szabelski, F. Tajima, N. Tajima, T. Tajima, Y. Takahashi, H. Takami, M. Takeda, Y. Takizawa, C. Tenzer, O. Tibolla, L. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, N. Tone, S. Toscano, F. Trillaud, R. Tsenov, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsuno, T. Tymieniecka, Y. Uchihori, M. Unger, O. Vaduvescu, J. F. Valdés-Galicia, P. Vallania, L. Valore, G. Vankova, C. Vigorito, L. Villaseñor, P. von Ballmoos, S. Wada, J. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, J. Watts, M. Weber, T. J. Weiler, T. Wibig, L. Wiencke, M. Wille, J. Wilms, Z. Włodarczyk, T. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, J. Yang, H. Yano, I. V. Yashin, D. Yonetoku, K. Yoshida, S. Yoshida, R. Young, M. Yu. Zotov, A. Zuccaro Marchi
Experimental Astronomy, 40, 1, 19, 44, Springer Netherlands, 01 Nov. 2015, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, In this paper we describe the main characteristics of the JEM-EUSO instrument. The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM-EUSO) of the International Space Station (ISS) will observe Ultra High-Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) from space. It will detect UV-light of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) produced by UHECRs traversing the Earth’s atmosphere. For each event, the detector will determine the energy, arrival direction and the type of the primary particle. The advantage of a space-borne detector resides in the large field of view, using a target volume of about 1012 tons of atmosphere, far greater than what is achievable from ground. Another advantage is a nearly uniform sampling of the whole celestial sphere. The corresponding increase in statistics will help to clarify the origin and sources of UHECRs and characterize the environment traversed during their production and propagation. JEM-EUSO is a 1.1 ton refractor telescope using an optics of 2.5 m diameter Fresnel lenses to focus the UV-light from EAS on a focal surface composed of about 5,000 multi-anode photomultipliers, for a total of ≃3⋅105 channels. A multi-layer parallel architecture handles front-end acquisition, selecting and storing valid triggers. Each processing level filters the events with increasingly complex algorithms using FPGAs and DSPs to reject spurious events and reduce the data rate to a value compatible with downlink constraints.

The JEM-EUSO mission: An introduction
J. H. Adams, S. Ahmad, J. -N. Albert, D. Allard, L. Anchordoqui, V. Andreev, A. Anzalone, Y. Arai, K. Asano, M. Ave Pernas, P. Baragatti, P. Barrillon, T. Batsch, J. Bayer, R. Bechini, T. Belenguer, R. Bellotti, K. Belov, A. A. Berlind, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, S. Biktemerova, C. Blaksley, N. Blanc, J. Blecki, S. Blin-Bondil, J. Bluemer, P. Bobik, M. Bogomilov, M. Bonamente, M. S. Briggs, S. Briz, A. Bruno, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, J-N. Capdevielle, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, G. Castellini, C. Catalano, O. Catalano, A. Cellino, M. Chikawa, M. J. Christl, D. Cline, V. Connaughton, L. Conti, G. Cordero, H. J. Crawford, R. Cremonini, S. Csorna, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. J. de Castro, C. de Donato, C. de la Taille, C. de Santis, L. del Peral, A. Dell'Oro, N. De Simone, M. Di Martino, G. Distratis, F. Dulucq, M. Dupieux, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, R. Engel, S. Falk, K. Fang, F. Fenu, I. Fernandez-Gomez, S. Ferrarese, D. Finco, M. Flamini, C. Fornaro, A. Franceschi, J. Fujimoto, M. Fukushima, P. Galeotti, G. Garipov, J. Geary, G. Gelmini, G. Giraudo, M. Gonchar, C. Gonzalez Alvarado, P. Gorodetzky, F. Guarino, A. Guzman, Y. Hachisu, B. Harlov, A. Haungs, J. Hernandez Carretero, K. Higashide, D. Ikeda, H. Ikeda, N. Inoue, S. Inoue, A. Insolia, F. Isgro, Y. Itow, E. Joven, E. G. Judd, A. Jung, F. Kajino, T. Kajino, I. Kaneko, Y. Karadzhov, J. Karczmarczyk, M. Karus, K. Katahira, K. Kawai, Y. Kawasaki, B. Keilhauer, B. A. Khrenov, Jeong-Sook Kim, Soon-Wook Kim, Sug-Whan Kim, M. Kleifges, P. A. Klimov, D. Kolev, I. Kreykenbohm, K. Kudela, Y. Kurihara, A. Kusenko, E. Kuznetsov, M. Lacombe, C. Lachaud, J. Lee, J. Licandro, H. Lim, F. Lopez, M. C. Maccarone, K. Mannheim, D. Maravilla, L. Marcelli, A. Marini, O. Martinez, G. Masciantonio, K. Mase, R. Matev, G. Medina-Tanco, T. Mernik, H. Miyamoto, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Mizumoto, G. Modestino, A. Monaco, D. Monnier-Ragaigne, J. A. Morales de Los Rios, C. Moretto, V. S. Morozenko, B. Mot, T. Murakami, M. Nagano, M. Nagata, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, T. Napolitano, D. Naumov, R. Nava, A. Neronov, K. Nomoto, T. Nonaka, T. Ogawa, S. Ogio, H. Ohmori, A. V. Olinto, P. Orleanski, G. Osteria, M. I. Panasyuk, E. Parizot, I. H. Park, H. W. Park, B. Pastircak, T. Patzak, T. Paul, C. Pennypacker, S. Perez Cano, T. Peter, P. Picozza, T. Pierog, L. W. Piotrowski, S. Piraino, Z. Plebaniak, A. Pollini, P. Prat, G. Prevot, H. Prieto, M. Putis, P. Reardon, M. Reyes, M. Ricci, I. Rodriguez, M. D. Rodriguez Frias, F. Ronga, M. Roth, H. Rothkaehl, G. Roudil, I. Rusinov, M. Rybczynski, M. D. Sabau, G. Saez Cano, H. Sagawa, A. Saito, N. Sakaki, M. Sakata, H. Salazar, S. Sanchez, A. Santangelo, L. Santiago Cruz, M. Sanz Palomino, O. Saprykin, F. Sarazin, H. Sato, M. Sato, T. Schanz, H. Schieler, V. Scotti, A. Segreto, S. Selmane, D. Semikoz, M. Serra, S. Sharakin, T. Shibata, H. M. Shimizu, K. Shinozaki, T. Shirahama, G. Siemieniec-Ozieblo, H. H. Silva Lopez, J. Sledd, K. Slominska, A. Sobey, T. Sugiyama, D. Supanitsky, M. Suzuki, B. Szabelska, J. Szabelski, F. Tajima, N. Tajima, T. Tajima, Y. Takahashi, H. Takami, M. Takeda, Y. Takizawa, C. Tenzer, O. Tibolla, L. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, N. Tone, S. Toscano, F. Trillaud, R. Tsenov, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsuno, T. Tymieniecka, Y. Uchihori, M. Unger, O. Vaduvescu, J. F. Valdes-Galicia, P. Vallania, L. Valore, G. Vankova, C. Vigorito, L. Villasenor, P. von Ballmoos, S. Wada, J. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, J. Watts, M. Weber, T. J. Weiler, T. Wibig, L. Wiencke, M. Wille, J. Wilms, Z. Wlodarczyk, T. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, J. Yang, H. Yano, I. V. Yashin, D. Yonetoku, K. Yoshida, S. Yoshida, R. Young, M. Yu. Zotov, A. Zuccaro Marchi
EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY, 40, 1, 3, 17, SPRINGER, Nov. 2015, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on board the Japanese Experiment Module of the International Space Station, JEM-EUSO, is being designed to search from space ultra-high energy cosmic rays. These are charged particles with energies from a few 10(19) eV to beyond 10(20) eV, at the very end of the known cosmic ray energy spectrum. JEM-EUSO will also search for extreme energy neutrinos, photons, and exotic particles, providing a unique opportunity to explore largely unknown phenomena in our Universe. The mission, principally based on a wide field of view (60 degrees) near-UV telescope with a diameter of similar to 2.5 m, will monitor the earth's atmosphere at night, pioneering the observation from space of the ultraviolet tracks (290-430 nm) associated with giant extensive air showers produced by ultra-high energy primaries propagating in the earth's atmosphere. Observing from an orbital altitude of similar to 400 km, the mission is expected to reach an instantaneous geometrical aperture of A (g e o) a parts per thousand yen 2 x 10(5) km(2) sr with an estimated duty cycle of similar to 20 %. Such a geometrical aperture allows unprecedented exposures, significantly larger than can be obtained with ground-based experiments. In this paper we briefly review the history of space-based search for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We then introduce the special issue of Experimental Astronomy devoted to the various aspects of such a challenging enterprise. We also summarise the activities of the on-going JEM-EUSO program.

Overview and early results of the Global Lightning and Sprite Measurements mission
M. Sato, T. Ushio, T. Morimoto, M. Kikuchi, H. Kikuchi, T. Adachi, M. Suzuki, A. Yamazaki, Y. Takahashi, U. Inan, I. Linscott, R. Ishida, Y. Sakamoto, K. Yoshida, Y. Hobara, T. Sano, T. Abe, M. Nakamura, H. Oda, Z. -I. Kawasaki
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 120, 9, 3822, 3851, AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, May 2015, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Global Lightning and Sprite Measurements on Japanese Experiment Module (JEM-GLIMS) is a space mission to conduct the nadir observations of lightning discharges and transient luminous events (TLEs). The main objectives of this mission are to identify the horizontal distribution of TLEs and to solve the occurrence conditions determining the spatial distribution. JEM-GLIMS was successfully launched and started continuous nadir observations in 2012. The global distribution of the detected lightning events shows that most of the events occurred over continental regions in the local summer hemisphere. In some events, strong far-ultraviolet emissions have been simultaneously detected with N-2 1P and 2P emissions by the spectrophotometers, which strongly suggest the occurrence of TLEs. Especially, in some of these events, no significant optical emission was measured by the narrowband filter camera, which suggests the occurrence of elves, not sprites. The VLF receiver also succeeded in detecting lightning whistlers, which show clear falling-tone frequency dispersion. Based on the optical data, the time delay from the detected lightning emission to the whistlers was identified as approximate to 10ms, which can be reasonably explained by the wave propagation with the group velocity of whistlers. The VHF interferometer conducted the spaceborne interferometric observations and succeeded in detecting VHF pulses. We observed that the VHF pulses are likely to be excited by the lightning discharge possibly related with in-cloud discharges and measured with the JEM-GLIMS optical instruments. Thus, JEM-GLIMS provides the first full set of optical and electromagnetic data of lightning and TLEs obtained by nadir observations from space.

VHF radio observations of lightning discharges on JEM-GLIMS
Hiroshi Kikuchi, Tomoo Ushio, Mitsuteru Sato, Takeshi Morimoto, Atsushi Yamazaki, Makoto Suzuki
IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2014-December, 398, 401, 23 Dec. 2014, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
Japanese, © 2014 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineer. Since 2012, the global lightning and sprite measurements (GLIMS) mission has been conducted on the exposed facility of Japanese experiment module (JEM-EF) of the international space station (ISS). In this mission, the VHF broadband digital interferometer (VITF) attached on JEM-EF is designed to estimate the direction of arrival of electromagnetic waves. The VITF has the bandwidth from 70 MHz to 100 MHz. The electromagnetic radiations from lightning discharges received by two antennas are digitized by the 2-channel AD converter. We introduce the outline of the mission and the VITF. The initial observational results with the VITF of the GLIMS mission are presented. The comparison of the results of arrival direction estimation of the VITF with optical observations using two methods which are an interferometry technic and the group delay characteristic of EM waves. The results agree with the position of the lightning emission captured by the LSI.

Propagation characteristics of VHF waves recorded on the International Space Station
Hiroshi Kikuchi, Takeshi Morimoto, Tomoo Ushio, Mitsuteru Sato, Atsushi Yamazaki, Makoto Suzuki
International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, ICAE 2014, 2014, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
International conference proceedings, © International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, ICAE 2014 We has been conducted the lightning observation with four type sensors at the International Space Station (ISS). One of the sensors is very high frequency interferometer: VITF. The objective of the VITF is to locate the radiation source of received signals with two very high frequency interferometer (VHF) sensors attached on the ISS. Lightning and sprite imager: LSI is also one of the optical sensor for the observation of lightning and sprite. The LSI consists of two CMOS sensors. The image captured with the LSI gives us an information of lighting position. While the VITF has the two sensors. Although the VITF is able to estimate the direction of arrival estimation using the radio interferometric technique, we cannot locate the radiation source position. The location method are used as two direction of arrival (DOA) estimation techniques, which are the interferometric technique and based on the measurement of the group delay of the received signals. The combination of the two techniques gives us the two possible position of the radiation source when an altitude of a radiation source is assumed. The initial comparison with the optical lightning position captured with LSI are reported.

One-month periodicity in lightning activity and tropical cloud variations
Yukihiro Takahashi, Mitsuteru Sato, Kozo Yamashita
2014 XXXITH URSI GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND SCIENTIFIC SYMPOSIUM (URSI GASS), IEEE, 2014, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, International conference proceedings

CubeSat mission for UV-Visible observations of meteors from space: S-CUBE (S3: Shootingstar Sensing Satellite)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
R Ishimaru, Y. Sakamoto, M. Kobayashi, S. Fujita, T. Gonai, H. Senshu, K. Wada, M, Yamada, K. Kurosawa, S. Hosokawa, K. Yoshida, M. Sato, Y. Takahashi, T. Matsui
LPS XXXXV, Abstract, 1846, 2014, [International Magazine]
English, International conference proceedings

VHF radio observations of lightning discharges on JEM-GLIMS
Hiroshi Kikuchi, Tomoo Ushio, Takeshi Morimoto, Mitsuteru Sato, Atsushi Yamazaki, Makoto Suzuki
2014 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, TOKYO (EMC'14/TOKYO), 398, 401, IEEE, 2014, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, International conference proceedings, Since 2012, the global lightning and sprite measurements (GLIMS) mission has been conducted on the exposed facility of Japanese experiment module (JEM-EF) of the international space station (ISS). In this mission, the VHF broadband digital interferometer (VITF) attached on JEM-EF is designed to estimate the direction of arrival of electromagnetic waves. The VITF has the bandwidth from 70 MHz to 100 MHz. The electromagnetic radiations from lightning discharges received by two antennas are digitized by the 2-channel AD converter. We introduce the outline of the mission and the VITF. The initial observational results with the VITF of the GLIMS mission are presented. The comparison of the results of arrival direction estimation of the VITF with optical observations using two methods which are an interferometry technic and the group delay characteristic of EM waves. The results agree with the position of the lightning emission captured by the LSI.

Global Lightning and Sprite Measurements from International Space Station
Tomoo Ushio, Mitsuteru Sato, Takeshi Morimoto, Hiroshi Kikuchi, Makoto Suzuki, Atsushi Yamazaki, Yasuhide Hobara, Toru Adachi
2014 XXXITH URSI GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND SCIENTIFIC SYMPOSIUM (URSI GASS), IEEE, 2014, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, International conference proceedings, The Global Lightning and sprIte MeasurementS (GLIMS) on the International Space Station (ISS) is a mission to detect and locate optical transient luminous events (TLEs) and its associated lightning simultaneously from the non-sun synchronous orbit, and is scheduled to be launch from Japan in January, 2012 as part of the multi-mission consolidated equipment on Japanese Exposure Module (JEM). Our mission goals are (1) to detect and locate lightning and sprite within storm scale resolution over a large region of the Earth's surface along the orbital track of the ISS without any bias, (2) to clarify the generation mechanism of sprite, and (3) to identify the occurrence conditions of TLEs. To achieve these goals, two CMOS cameras, six Photometers, VLF receiver, and VHF interferometer with two antennas, are installed at the bottom of the module to observe the TLEs as well as causative lighting discharges at nadir direction during day and night time. Though the luminous events so-called sprite, elves and jets have been investigated by numerous researchers all over the world based mainly on the ground observations, some important problems have not been fully understood yet such as generation mechanisms of columniform fine structure and horizontal offset of some sprites from the parent lightning discharges. In the JEM-GLIMS mission, observations from our synchronized sensors are going to shed light on above-mentioned unsolved problems regarding TLEs as well as causative lighting discharges. In this presentation, the scientific background, instrumentation, project summaries and initial observation results are given.

An ELF Signal Associated with a Positive GC Lightning Event in Winter　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Honma. N, Y. Hongo, D. Tsurushima, F. Tsuchiya, M. Sato, Y. Takahashi
Proc. 23nd International Lightning Detection Conf., 2014, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal

Ground-based observations of the relations between lightning charge-moment-change and the physical and optical properties of column sprites
Roy Yaniv, Yoav Yair, Colin Price, Jo'zsef Bor, Mitsutero Sato, Yasuhide Hobara, Steve Cummer, Jingbo Li, Adam Devir
JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS, 107, 60, 67, PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, Jan. 2014, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Optical observations of 66 sprites, using a calibrated commercial CCD camera, were conducted in 20092010 and 2010-2011 winter seasons as part of the ILAN (Imaging of Lightning And Nocturnal flashes) campaign in the vicinity of Israel and the eastern Mediterranean. We looked for correlations between the properties of parent lightning (specifically, the charge moment change; CMC) to the properties of column sprites, such as the measured radiance, the length and the number of column elements in each sprite event. The brightness of sprites positively correlates with the CMC (0.7) and so does the length of sprite elements (0.83). These results are in agreement with previous studies, and support the QE model of sprite generation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Nadir Observations of Lightning and TLEs by JEM-GLIMS　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
M. Sato, T. Ushio, T. Morimoto, M. Suzuki, A. Yamazaki, M. Kikuchi, Y. Takahashi, I. Umran, L. Ivan, Y. Hobara
EGU General Assembly 2013, --, Apr. 2013, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, International conference proceedings

An evaluation of the exposure in nadir observation of the JEM-EUSO mission
J. H. Adams, S. Ahmad, J. -N. Albert, D. Allard, M. Ambrosio, L. Anchordoqui, A. Anzalone, Y. Arai, C. Aramo, K. Asano, M. Ave, P. Barrillon, T. Batsch, J. Bayer, T. Belenguer, R. Bellotti, A. A. Berlind, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, S. Biktemerova, C. Blaksley, J. Biccki, S. Blin-Bondil, J. Bluemer, P. Bobik, M. Bogomilov, M. Bonamente, M. S. Briggs, S. Briz, A. Bruno, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, J. -N. Capdevielle, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, G. Castellini, O. Catalano, A. Cellino, M. Chikawa, M. J. Christi, V. Connaughton, J. F. Cortes, H. J. Crawford, R. Cremonini, S. Csorna, J. C. D'Olivo, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. J. de Castro, C. De Donato, C. de la Taille, L. del Peral, A. Dell'Oro, M. P. De Pascale, M. Di Martino, G. Distratis, M. Dupieux, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, R. Engel, S. Falk, K. Fang, F. Fenu, I. Fernandez-Gomez, S. Ferrarese, A. Franceschi, J. Fujimoto, P. Galeotti, G. Garipov, J. Geary, U. G. Giaccari, G. Giraudo, M. Gonchar, C. Gonzalez Alvarado, P. Gorodetzky, F. Guarino, A. Guzman, Y. Hachisu, B. Harlov, A. Haungs, J. Hernandez Carretero, K. Higashide, T. Iguchi, H. Ikeda, N. Inoue, S. Inoue, A. Insolia, F. Isgro, Y. Itow, E. Joven, E. G. Judd, A. Jung, F. Kajino, T. Kajino, I. Kaneko, Y. Karadzhov, J. Karczmarczyk, K. Katahira, K. Kawai, Y. Kawasaki, B. Keilhauer, B. A. Khrenov, Jeong-Sook Kim, Soon-Wook Kim, Sug-Whan Kim, M. Kleifges, P. A. Klimov, S. H. Ko, D. Kolev, I. Kreykenbohm, K. Kudela, Y. Kurihara, E. Kuznetsov, G. La Rosa, J. Lee, J. Licandro, H. Lim, F. Lopez, M. C. Maccarone, K. Mannheim, L. Marcelli, A. Marini, G. Martin-Chassard, O. Martinez, G. Masciantonio, K. Mase, R. Matev, A. Maurissen, G. Medina-Tanco, T. Mernik, H. Miyamoto, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Mizumoto, G. Modestino, D. Monnier-Ragaigne, J. A. Morales de los Rios, B. Mot, T. Murakami, M. Nagano, M. Nagata, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, J. W. Nam, S. Nam, K. Nam, T. Napolitano, D. Naumov, A. Neronov, K. Nomoto, T. Ogawa, H. Ohmori, A. V. Olinto, P. Orleanski, G. Osteria, N. Pacheco, M. I. Panasyuk, E. Parizot, I. H. Park, B. Pastircak, T. Patzak, T. Paul, C. Pennypacker, T. Peter, P. Picozza, A. Pollini, H. Prieto, P. Reardon, M. Reinabi, M. Reyes, M. Ricci, I. Rodriguez, M. D. Rodriguez Frias, F. Ronga, H. Rothkaehl, G. Roudil, I. Rusinov, M. Rybczynski, M. D. Sabau, G. Saez Cano, A. Saito, N. Sakaki, M. Sakata, H. Salazar, S. Sanchez, A. Santangelo, L. Santiago Cruz, M. Sanz Palomino, O. Saprykin, F. Sarazin, H. Sato, M. Sato, T. Schanz, H. Schieler, V. Scotti, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, S. Selmane, D. Semikoz, M. Serra, S. Sharakin, T. Shibata, H. M. Shimizu, K. Shinozaki, T. Shirahama, G. Siemieniec-Ozigbio, H. H. Silva Lopez, J. Sledd, K. Slomiriska, A. Sobey, T. Sugiyama, D. Supanitsky, M. Suzuki, B. Szabelska, J. Szabelski, F. Tajima, N. Tajima, T. Tajima, Y. Takahashi, H. Takami, M. Takeda, Y. Takizawa, C. Tenzer, O. Tibolla, L. Tkachev, T. Tomida, N. Tone, F. Trillaud, R. Tsenov, K. Tsuno, T. Tymieniecka, Y. Uchihori, O. Vaduvescu, J. F. Valdes-Galicia, P. Vallania, L. Valore, G. Vankova, C. Vigorito, L. Villasenor, P. von Ballmoos, S. Wada, J. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, J. Watts, M. Weber, T. J. Weiler, T. Wibig, L. Wiencke, M. Wille, J. Wilms, Z. Wlodarczyk, T. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, J. Yang, H. Yano, I. V. Yashin, D. Yonetoku, K. Yoshida, S. Yoshida, R. Young, A. Zamora, A. Zuccaro Marchi
ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS, 44, 76, 90, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, Apr. 2013, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, We evaluate the exposure during nadir observations with JEM-EUSO, the Extreme Universe Space Observatory, on-board the Japanese Experiment Module of the International Space Station. Designed as a mission to explore the extreme energy Universe from space, JEM-EUSO will monitor the Earth's nighttime atmosphere to record the ultraviolet light from tracks generated by extensive air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays. In the present work, we discuss the particularities of space-based observation and we compute the annual exposure in nadir observation. The results are based on studies of the expected trigger aperture and observational duty cycle, as well as, on the investigations of the effects of clouds and different types of background light. We show that the annual exposure is about one order of magnitude higher than those of the presently operating ground-based observatories. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Characteristic features in Venus' nightside cloud-top temperature obtained by Akatsuki/LIR
Makoto Taguchi, Tetsuya Fukuhara, Masahiko Futaguchi, Mitsuteru Sato, Takeshi Imamura, Kazuaki Mitsuyama, Masato Nakamura, Munetaka Ueno, Makoto Suzuki, Naomoto Iwagami, George L. Hashimoto
ICARUS, 219, 1, 502, 504, ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, May 2012, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Mid-infrared images of almost the entire Venus nightside hemisphere obtained by the Longwave Infrared Camera (LIR) onboard Akatsuki on December 9 and 10, 2010 reveal that the brightness temperature of the cloud-top ranges from 237 K in the cold polar collars to 243 K in the equatorial region, significantly higher than the values obtained by Venera 15. Other characteristic features of the temperature distributions observed are zonal belt structures seen in the middle and low latitudes and patchy temperature structures or quasi-periodic streaks extending in a north-south direction in the northern middle latitudes and southern low latitudes. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

MSI: a visible multi-spectral imager for 1.6-m telescope of Hokkaido University
Makoto Watanabe, Yukihiro Takahashi, Mitsuteru Sato, Shigeto Watanabe, Tetsuya Fukuhara, Ko Hamamoto, Akihito Ozaki
GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY IV, 8446, 84462O, SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2012, [International Magazine]
English, International conference proceedings, We have built a visible multi-spectral imager (MSI) for the 1.6-m Pirka telescope of the Hokkaido University in Hokkaido, Japan. The instrument is equipped with two liquid crystal tunable filters and a 512 x 512 pixel EMCCD camera. One of the major purposes of this instrument is to obtain multi-spectral images (series of narrow-band images at many different wavelengths) of the solar planets rapidly. These tunable filters are a Lyot filter with liquid crystal variable retarders and thus can tune the transmitting wavelength rapidly without moving parts. Their spectral ranges are 400-720 nm and 650-1100 nm and the bandwidth is typically 10 nm on both filters. The EMCCD camera can obtain images at a frame rate of about 32 Hz, which also enables us to improve the spatial resolution with the shift-and-add or the Lucky imaging techniques. The field of view is 3.3 x 3.3 arcmin with a pixel scale of 0.39 arcsec pixel(-1). The instrument also has UBV RI-band broad-band filters and several narrow-band filters. MSI is mounted at the f/12 Cassegrain focus of the telescope. It had the first light on February 2011, and then have been used for several astronomical and planetary science programs as a major facility instrument at this telescope. We describe the design, construction, integration, and performance of this multi-spectral imager.

Spatial-temporal characteristics of flickering aurora as seen by high-speed EMCCD imaging observations
Yaegashi, A, T. Sakanoi, R. Kataoka, K. Asamura, Y. Miyoshi, M. Sato, S. Okano
J. Geophys. Res., 116, 5, A00K04, AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 10 May 2011, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, We conducted high-speed imaging observations of flickering aurora at 100 Hz sampling rate using electron multiplying charge-coupled device in Alaska during 2009-2010 winter season. We detected various types of flickering aurora, including drifting and rotating features at a frequency below 15 Hz. We identified, for the first time, flickering stripes and some other unusual flickering events at frequency of higher than 20 Hz on the imaging observations. A dispersion relation derived from a statistical analysis of observed images is compared with the theoretical dispersion curve of O(+) electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. The frequencies and spatial scales calculated from a coherence/phase analysis based on an interference theory are consistent with the wave dispersion relation derived from the statistical analysis, suggesting that the obtained results are essentially consistent with the scenario that the interference of EMIC waves produces the observed dispersion relation of flickering aurora. Furthermore, flickering frequencies higher than 20 Hz are confirmed from our observations, which are higher than expected frequency of O(+) EMIC waves at altitudes of several thousand kilometers. We therefore suggest that high-frequency waves such as He(+) and H(+) EMIC waves may also contribute to produce a significant fraction of flickering aurora.

Detection of transient ELF emission caused by the extremely intense cosmic gamma-ray flare of 27 December 2004
Y. T. Tanaka, M. Hayakawa, Y. Hobara, A. P. Nickolaenko, K. Yamashita, M. Sato, Y. Takahashi, T. Terasawa, T. Takahashi
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 38, L08805, AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, Apr. 2011, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, We report on the first clear detection of transient Extremely-Low-Frequency (ELF) signal caused by an extremely intense cosmic gamma-ray flare. On 2004 December 27, the brightest gamma-ray flare ever recorded was observed by numerous satellites. A transient ELF emission observed at Moshiri and Onagawa in Japan exactly coincided with the peak time of the flare, and its wide pulse width of similar to 40 ms disfavors the possibility of lightning origin. Furthermore, the two horizontal components of ELF magnetic field data recorded at Esrange in Sweden showed clear transient Schumann resonance waveforms. The source direction determined by the Lissajous method roughly corresponds to the subflare point. The chance probability that a sprite occurs within 30 ms of the peak flare time is similar to 0.025%, which again clearly excludes the sprite origin. Thus, a bright cosmic gamma-ray flare is a new source of transient ELF radio signals observed on the Earth, although the emission mechanism needs to be clarified in future. Citation: Tanaka, Y. T., M. Hayakawa, Y. Hobara, A. P. Nickolaenko, K. Yamashita, M. Sato, Y. Takahashi, T. Terasawa, and T. Takahashi (2011), Detection of transient ELF emission caused by the extremely intense cosmic gamma-ray flare of 27 December 2004, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L08805, doi: 10.1029/2011GL047008.

Implications for the low latitude cloud formations from solar activity and the quasi-biennial oscillation
Peng K. Hong, Hiroko Miyahara, Yusuke Yokoyama, Yukihiro Takahashi, Mitsuteru Sato
JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS, 73, 5-6, 587, 591, PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, Apr. 2011, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, We examined the effect of the 11-year solar cycle and quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) on the similar to 27-day solar rotational period detected in tropical convective cloud activity. We analyzed the data of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) for AD1979-2004, dividing into four different cases by the combination of high and low solar activities in terms of the 11-year variation, and easterly and westerly stratospheric winds associated with QBO. As a result, similar to 27-day variation has been most significantly detected in high solar activity period around the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool. Based on correlation analysis, we find that solar rotation signal can explain 10-20% of OLR variability around the tropical warm pool region during the high solar activity period. The spatial distribution has been, however, apparently different according to the phases of QBO. It is suggested that the 11-year solar cycle and stratospheric QBO have a possibility to cause large-scale oceanic dipole phenomena. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Improvement in lightning geolocation by time-of-arrival method using global ELF network data
Kozo Yamashita, Yukihiro Takahashi, Mitsuteru Sato, Hiromi Kase
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, 116, 2, A00E61, AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, Feb. 2011, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, The global observation of cloud-to-ground (CG) discharges based on ELF measurements provides essential information, including vertical charge moment (Qdl) for investigations of global-scale thunderstorm activity. However, the geolocating method by direction finding of sferics in the frequency range of 1-100 Hz has a rather large error, on the order of 1000 km, even for the CGs with relatively large Qdl (>1000 C-km). Here we improve the methods for geolocation and estimation of Qdl, which are applicable to smaller CGs with Qdl down to 470 C-km, making use of the time-of-arrival method and the high correlation between Qdl and the peak amplitude of ELF sferics. The evaluated average error in geolocation, comparing with World Wide Lightning Location Network data, is 680 km. By this improved method, CGs with Qdl of <470 C-km can be detected at any location in the world. In the preliminary analysis for the year of 2004, the number of CGs whose location and Qdl are determined is about a million events per month, roughly 10-30 times compared to previous studies by ELF measurement, enabling an investigation of the day-to-day variations of the global CG distribution with transferred charge amount. The combination of accurate geolocation and the uniformity of detection show active regions in the three main areas: Africa, South America, and the Maritime Continent. In addition, minor thunderstorm areas in Japan, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Pacific Ocean can be monitored.

LIR: Longwave Infrared Camera onboard the Venus orbiter Akatsuki
Tetsuya Fukuhara, Makoto Taguchi, Takeshi Imamura, Masato Nakamura, Munetaka Ueno, Makoto Suzuki, Naomoto Iwagami, Mitsuteru Sato, Kazuaki Mitsuyama, George L. Hashimoto, Ryo Ohshima, Toru Kouyama, Hiroki Ando, Masahiko Futaguchi
EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE, 63, 9, 1009, 1018, SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2011, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, The Longwave Infrared Camera (LIR) is one of a suite of cameras onboard the Venus orbiter Akatsuki. It will take images of thermal radiation in the wavelength range of 8-12 mu m emitted by the Venus cloud tops. The use of an uncooled micro-bolometer array as an infrared image sensor makes LIR a lightweight, small and low-power consumption instrument with a required noise equivalent temperature difference of 0.3 K. Temperature and horizontal wind fields at the cloud-top will be retrieved for both dayside and nightside with equal quality. This will provide key observations to understand the mechanism of super rotation and the thermal budget of the planet. LIR will also monitor variations of the polar dipole and collar which are characteristic thermal features in the Venusian atmosphere. Mechanisms of the upper-cloud formation will be investigated using sequences of close-up images. The morphology of the nightside upper cloud will be studied in detail for the first time.

The Global Lightning and sprIte Measurement (GLIMS) mission on International Space Station
Tomoo Ushio, Mitsuteru Sato, Takeshi Morimoto, Makoto Suzuki, Hiroshi Kikuchi, Atsushi Yamazaki, Yukihiro Takahashi, Yasuhide Hobara, Umran Inan, Ivan Linscott, Yuji Sakamoto, Ryohei Ishida, Masayuki Kikuchi, Kazuya Yoshida, Zen Ichiro Kawasaki
IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials, 131, 12, 971, 976, 2011, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Global Lightning and sprIte MeasurementS (GLIMS) is a mission on the International Space Station (ISS) to detect and locate optical transient luminous events (TLEs) and associated lightning simultaneously from the non-sun-synchronous orbit. It is scheduled to be launched from Japan in January, 2012 as part of the multi-mission consolidated equipment on the Japanese Exposure Module (JEM). Our mission's goals are (1) to detect and locate lightning and sprites within storm scale resolution over a large region of the Earth's surface along the orbital track of the ISS without any bias, (2) to clarify the mechanism by which sprites are generated, and (3) to identify the conditions under which TLEs occur. To achieve these goals, two CMOS cameras, six Photometers, a VLF receiver and VHF interferometer with two antennas are installed at the bottom of the module to observe the TLEs, as well as causative lightning discharges at nadir direction during day and night time. Though the luminous events' so-called sprites, elves and jets have been investigated by numerous researchers all over the world based mainly on ground observations, some important problems have not been fully understood yet. These include the generation mechanisms of columniform fine structures and horizontal offset of some sprites from the parent lightning discharges. In the JEM-GLIMS mission, observations from our synchronized sensors will shed light on the unsolved problems mentioned above regarding TLEs and causative lightning discharges. In this presentation scientific background, instrumentation, and project summaries are given. © 2011 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

VHF Lightning observations on JEM-GLIMS mission: - Gradual approach to realize space-borne VHF broadband digital interferometer
Takeshi Morimoto, Hiroshi Kikuchi, Mitsuteru Sato, Makoto Suzuki, Atsushi Yamazaki, Tomoo Ushio
IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials, 131, 12, 977, 982, 2011, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Global Lightning and sprIte MeaSurements (GLIMS) mission is scheduled on Exposed Facility of Japanese Experiment Module (JEM-EF) of the International Space Station (ISS). This paper introduced an electromagnetic (EM) payload of JEM-GLIMS mission, very high frequency (VHF) broadband digital In TerFerometer (VITF). VITF consists of a pair of VHF broadband antennas and electronics to record EM waveforms from lightning discharges. It is designed to estimate the direction-of-arrival with about 10 km resolution that is equivalent to the scale of a thundercloud. It means that VITF is able to monitor thunderclouds with lightning activities globally. Comprehensive observations with the optical payloads of JEM-GLIMS mission for lightning activities and related transient luminous events (TLEs) are expected to give us many scientific impacts to the field. The developments of VITF are based on the heritage of VHF sensor on Maido-1 satellite. © 2011 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

Development of science data-handling unit (SHU) for global lightning and sprite measurements (GLIMS) onboard Japanese experiment module (JEM) of ISS
Masayuki Kikuchi, Mitsuteru Sato, Atsushi Yamazaki, Makoto Suzuki, Tomoo Ushio
IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials, 131, 12, 989, 993, 2011, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, A project to observe lightning and sprites from the International Space Station (ISS), with altitude of 407 km and inclination of 51.6°, is planned for 2012. GLIMS (global lightning and sprite measurements) is an instrument designed for this project, and it includes a CMOS camera, photomultipliers, a VLF receiver, and a VHF interferometer. This is the first project for simultaneous measurements of lightning, sprites, and radiowaves from lightning simultaneously. The sensors used for GLIMS were developed based on previous satellite projects. However, for this project, the sensors used needed to be synchronized, and controlled through the Japanese experiment module (JEM) interface. A science data-handling unit (SHU) was newly developed for this purpose; it included a function for suppressing data traffic using a high-speed lossless compression code (HIREW). © 2011 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

Six-channel spectrophotometers (PH) onboard JEM-GLIMS
Mitsuteru Sato, Yukihiro Takahashi, Makoto Suzuki, Atsushi Yamazaki, Tomoo Ushio
IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials, 131, 12, 1000, 1005, 2011, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Six-channel spectrophotometers (PH) are the science instruments of JEM-GLIMS to measure absolute intensity of the emission originated from lightning discharges and upper atmospheric transient luminous events (TLEs). PH unit-1 (PH-U1) consists of four spectrophotometer channels named from PH1 to PH4, while PH unit-2 (PH-U2) two spectrophotometer channels named PH5 and PH6. Optical filters of these spectrophotometers are selected to detect TLE emission lines of N 2 1PG, N 2 2PG, N +2 1NG, and N 2 LBH. Since the bandwidth of the optical filter of PH2,3,5, and 6 is 10 nm and since PH1 measures NUV emission, photomultiplier tubes with high-voltage converters are used as a photon detector. To the contrary, PH4 uses a photodiode as a photon detector because the pass-band of the optical filter is enough wide to detect transient optical emission. Though PH does not equip spatial resolution, it can acquire light curve data with a high time resolution of 50 μs with a 12-bit resolution. Thus, the combinational analysis of PH data and Lightning and Sprite Imager (LSI) data, it is possible to clarify the relationship between TLEs and their parent lightning discharges, the occurrence condition of TLEs, and the energy of the electrons which excite TLE emission. © 2011 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

Lightning and Sprite Imager (LSI) onboard JEM-GLIMS
Mitsuteru Sato, Yukihiro Takahashi, Masayuki Kikuchi, Makoto Suzuki, Atsushi Yamazaki, Tomoo Ushio
IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials, 131, 12, 994, 999, 2011, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Lightning and Sprite Imager (LSI) is a science instrument of JEM-GLIMS to capture images of lightning discharges and upper atmospheric transient luminous events (TLEs), such as sprites, elves and blue jets. LSI consists of two CMOS cameras; one is a wide-band camera named LSI-1 that is equipped with an optical filter whose pass-band ranges from 765nm to 830nm, the other is a narrow-band camera named LSI-2 that is equipped with an optical filter whose transmittance centers at the wavelength of 762 nm and has band width of 14 nm. From the comparison of LSI-1 images with LSI-2 images the time evolution and spatial distribution of lightning discharges and TLEs can be identified. Since the telemetry speed provided for JEM-GLIMS is limited, LSI images will be acquired not continuously but intermittently according to the onboard event trigger logic. This trigger logic selects only the transient optical flashes caused by lightning discharges or TLEs effectively. © 2011 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

Absolute optical energy of sprites and its relationship to charge moment of parent lightning discharge based on measurement by ISUAL/AP
Y. Takahashi, A. Yoshida, M. Sato, T. Adachi, S. Kondo, R. -R. Hsu, H. -T. Su, A. B. Chen, S. B. Mende, H. U. Frey, L. -C. Lee
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, 115, 9, A00E55, AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, Sep. 2010, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Although the Quasi-electrostatic (QE) model has been considered a basic mechanism for describing sprite generation, the relationship between sprite luminosity and the charge moment change (CMC) value, caused by the sprites' parent lightning has not been examined quantitatively. CMC value represents the energy of cloud-to-ground discharge (CG) and the electric field intensity above the thunderstorm. We focused on the data obtained in 2004, in which both ISUAL on board the FORMOSAT-2 satellite and the Tohoku ELF network were operated throughout one year. We could estimate the absolute luminous intensity of sprites free from atmospheric influence with the ISUAL/Array Photometer (AP) and investigated its relationship to the charge moment of parent lightning. Absolute optical energies emitted from sprites were estimated for 14 streamer-type sprites for the first time. The averages of the time-integrated optical energies are 176 kJ and 119 kJ for the N2 1PG and N2 2PG bands, respectively. Furthermore, the optical energies and the charge moments of their parent lightning estimated with ELF data show a high correlation (correlation coefficient = 0.93), that is consistent, qualitatively, with the QE model. This relationship predicts that the 50% occurrence probability is located at similar to 600 C km, which coincides with previous statistical studies.

SPRITE-SAT: a micro satellite for scientific observation of transient luminous events and terrestrial gamma-ray flashes
Yoshida, K, Y. Takahashi, Y. Sakamoto, E. Ujiie, K. Takiuchi, Y. Nakazato, T. Sawakami, T. Sakanoi, Y. Kasaba, S. Kondo, K. Yamashita, S. Ueda, T. Takashima, K. Nakazawa, T. Mitani, T. Enoto, M. Sato, U. Inan, I. Linscott, F. Bruhn, Y. Masumoto
Trans. Soc. Aerospace Tech. Japan, 8, Tm, 7, 12, THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES, 2010, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, SPRITE-SAT is a micro satellite in the size of 50 cm cube and weighing 45-kg, designed and developed by Tohoku University. Its mission objective is to conduct scientific observation of atmospheric luminous emissions called "sprites" and terrestrial Gamma-ray flushes. Both are recently discovered phenomena and their mechanisms are still under the veil. SPRITE-SAT was developed to achieve significant observations to determine clear models of these mysterious phenomena. On January 23rd, 2009, SPRITE-SAT was successfully launched by JAXA's H-IIA rocket as a piggyback payload of Greenhouse Gas Observation Satellite (GOSAT). The spacecraft is now in a sun-synchronous polar orbit with 670 km altitude from the Earth's surface. This paper describes a general overview of the spacecraft and its mission.

Ground-based detection of sprites and their parent lightning flashes over Africa during the 2006 AMMA campaign
E. R. Williams, W. A. Lyons, Y. Hobara, V. C. Mushtak, N. Asencio, R. Boldi, J. Bor, S. A. Cummer, E. Greenberg, M. Hayakawa, R. H. Holzworth, V. Kotroni, J. Li, C. Morales, T. E. Nelson, C. Price, B. Russell, M. Sato, G. Satori, K. Shirahata, Y. Takahashi, K. Yamashita
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, 136, 257, 271, WILEY-BLACKWELL, Jan. 2010, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Sprites have been detected in video camera observations from Niger over mesoscale convective systems in Nigeria during the 2006 AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis) campaign The parent lightning flashes have been detected by multiple Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) receiving stations worldwide The recorded charge moments of the patent lightning flashes are often in excellent agreement between different receiving sites, and are furthermore consistent with conventional dielectric breakdown in the mesosphere as the origin of the sprites Analysis of the polarization of the horizontal magnetic field at the distant receivers provides evidence that the departure from linear magnetic polarization at ELF is caused primarily by the clay night asymmetry of the Earth-ionosphere cavity Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society

27-day variation in cloud amount in the Western Pacific warm pool region and relationship to the solar cycle
Y. Takahashi, Y. Okazaki, M. Sato, H. Miyahara, K. Sakanoi, P. K. Hong, N. Hoshino
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, 10, 4, 1577, 1584, COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 2010, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Although linkages between solar activity and the earth's climate have been suggested and the 11-year cycle in solar activity evident in sunspot numbers is the most examined example of periodicity in previous studies, no quantitative evidence indicating a relationship for tropospheric phenomena has been found for a short period. Based on FFT analysis for OLR (Outgoing Longwave Radiation) compared with the F10.7 index, we clearly demonstrate a 27-day variation in the cloud amount in the region of the Western Pacific warm pool, which is only seen in the maximum years of 11-year solar activity. The average spectrum in such years also shows an enhancement in the range of the MJO (Madden-Julian Oscillation) period. Although there exist some explanations for possible mechanisms, the exact cause is unknown. Therefore, the proposed connection between 27-day cloud variation and solar cycle in the WPWP region is still a hypothesis and various kinds of varification based on other meteorological and solar parameters are strongly required.

れいめい衛星搭載カメラによる大気光・スプライト観測　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
坂野井健, 山崎敦, 藤原均, 平原聖文, 浅村和史, 江尻省, 鈴木臣, 中村卓司, 佐藤光輝, 高橋幸弘, 岡野章一
平成20年度宇宙科学シンポジウム集録, 2009, [Domestic magazines]
Japanese, Research society, 筆頭

Global distribution of intense lightning discharges and their seasonal variations
M. Sato, Y. Takahashi, A. Yoshida, T. Adachi
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS, 41, 23, 234011, IOP PUBLISHING LTD, Dec. 2008, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, In order to study the temporal and regional variation of lightning occurrences and their relation to sprite activity and climate variability, we have analysed the 1-100 Hz ELF magnetic field waveform data obtained at the Syowa station in Antarctica, Onagawa in Japan and Esrange in Sweden for a one year period from September 2003 to August 2004. We have selected totally 1.7 x 105 events of transient Schumann resonances from the ELF magnetic field data whose amplitude exceeds 40 pT at all stations. Then, the lightning locations are estimated by a triangulation method with an estimation error of 0.5 Mm. It is found that in the summer season (from June to August) the lightning occurrence rates are higher in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere with large enhancements in North America, South-East Asia and the northern part of Africa. On the other hand, in the winter season ( from December to February) these rates are higher in the southern hemisphere with large enhancements in South America, Australia and the southern part of Africa. These features are consistent with the results of global lightning measurements from space conducted by the Optical Transient Detector and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite. Then, we have also calculated the charge moment value (Q . dl) of lightning discharges using ELF magnetic field waveform data and have estimated the distribution function of charge moments for positive cloud-to-ground (+CG) discharges and for negative cloud-to-ground (-CG) discharges. It is found that the shape of the distribution function for both +CG and -CG discharges is almost the same for all seasons and that the distribution function of -CG discharges has a steeper slope at high Q . dl than that of +CG discharges.

Development of the sprite and lightning imaging system onboard the SPRITE-SAT　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, Y. Takahashi, T. Sakanoi, S. Ueda, S. Kondo, K. Yoshida, Y. Sakamoto, T. Takashima
EOS Trans, AGU, 88, 52, 2008, [International Magazine]
English, International conference proceedings

The JEM-EUSO project: Observing extremely high energy cosmic rays and neutrinos from the international space station
T. Ebisuzaki, Y. Uehara, H. Ohmori, K. Kawai, Y. Kawasaki, M. Sato, Y. Takizawa, M. E. Bertaina, F. Kajino, T. Sawabe, K. Inoue, A. Sasaki, M. Sakata, Y. Yamamoto, M. Nagano, N. Inoue, T. Shibata, N. Sakaki, Y. Uchihori, Y. Takahashi, H. Shimizu, Y. Arai, Y. Kurihara, H. Fujimoto, S. Yoshida, Y. Mizumoto, S. Inoue, K. Asano, T. Sugiyama, J. Watanabe, H. Ikeda, M. Suzuki, T. Imamura, H. Yano, T. Murakami, D. Yonetoku, Y. Itow, M. Taguchi, M. Nagata, S. Nagataki, S. Abe, T. Tajima, J. H. Adams, S. Mitchell, M. J. Christl, J. Watts, A. English, Y. Takahashi, K. Pitalo, J. Hadaway, J. Geary, P. Readon, H. Crawford, C. Pennypacker, K. Arisaka, D. Cline, P. Gorodetsky, P. Salin, T. Patzark, A. Maurissen, M. Valentin
NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS, 175, SUPPL.: COMPLETE, 237, 240, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, Jan. 2008, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, International conference proceedings, The motivations, characteristics and potential performance of the JEM-EUSO project are briefly discussed.

Development of the Longwave Infrared Camera (LTR) onboard PLANET-C
Tetsuya Fukuhara, Makoto Taguchi, Takeshi Imamura, Masato Nakamura, Naomoto Iwagami, Munetaka Ueno, Makoto Suzuki, George L. Hashimotod, Mitsuteru Sato, Atsushi Yamazaki, Ryoichi Kashikawa, Isamu Higashino, Kazuhide Noguchi
INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXIV, PTS 1 AND 2, 6940, 694030, SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2008, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, International conference proceedings, The Longwave Infrared Camera (LIR), which mounts an uncooled micro-bolometer array (UMBA), is under development for the Japanese Venus orbiter mission, PLANET-C. LIR detects thermal emission from the top of the sulfur dioxide cloud in a wavelength region 8-12 mu m to map the cloud-top temperature which is typically as low as 230 K. The requirement for the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) is 0.3 K. Images of blackbody targets in room temperature (similar to 300 K) and low temperature (similar to 230 K) have been acquired in a vacuum environment using a prototype model of LIR, showing that the NETD of 0.2 K and 0.8 K are achieved in similar to 300 K and -230 K, respectively. We expect that the requirement of NETD < 0.3 K for similar to 230 K targets will be achieved by averaging several tens of images which are acquired within a few minutes. The vibration test for the UMBA was also carried out and the result showed the UMBA survived without any pixel defects or malfunctions. The tolerance to high-energy protons was tested and verified using a commercial camera in which a same type of UMBA is mounted. Based on these results, a flight model is now being manufactured with minor modifications from the prototype.

Atmospheric monitoring system of JEM-EUSO mission　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Mitev, V, M. Sato, T. Ebisuzaki, Y. Takizawa, Y. Kawasaki, R. Matthey, JEM-EUSO Collaboration
International Journal of Modern Physics A, 5, 1053, 1056, 2007, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal

Performance of a multi-anode photomultiplier employing a weak electrostatic focusing system (Hamamatsu R8900 series)
Y. Kawasaki, M. E. Bertaina, N. Sakaki, H. M. Shimizu, N. Inoue, S. Hasegawa, I. Ohtsu, T. Adachi, T. Ebisuzaki, K. Hirota, K. Ikeda, F. Kajino, T. Morishima, M. Nagano, M. Sato, T. Sawabe, T. Shibata, T. Shinohara, M. Takeda, Y. Takizawa, Y. Uchihori, Y. Wada
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT, 564, 1, 378, 394, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, Aug. 2006, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, We have developed and tested a new type of multi-anode photomultiplier: Hamamatsu R8900-03 series. The main feature of the R8900-03 series is a highly sensitive surface: similar to 83% of the physical area. In this paper we report on the results of measurements we performed to check several parameters of this new type of photomultiplier. R8900-03 photomultipliers are devices suitable for experiments where large collection area and uniform detection efficiency are essential characteristics. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The focal surface of the EUSO telescope
Y Kawasaki, M Bertaina, T Ebisuzaki, F Kajino, Y Miyazaki, M Nagano, N Sakaki, M Sato, HM Shimizu, Y Takizawa, M Ameri, O Catalano, S Cuneo, F Fontanelli, Gracco, V, P Musico, M Pallavicini, A Petrolini, R Pratolongo, M Sannino, N Bleurvacq, F Cadoux, C Chapron, P Gorodetzky, P Nedelec, T Patzak, E Plagnol, Y Takahashi
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A, 20, 29, 6890, 6893, WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD, Nov. 2005, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, The Extreme Universe Space Observatory (EUSO) is a space mission to study extremely high-energy cosmic rays. The EUSO instrument is a wide-angle refractive telescope in near-ultraviolet wavelength region to observe time-resolved atmospheric fluorescence images of the extensive air showers from the International Space Station. The Focal surface is an aspherical curved surface, and its area amounts to about 4.5 m(2). The focal surface detector is designed as a mosaic of multianode photomultipliers (MAPMT) for the single photoelectron counting capability. The strongest requirement for the focal surface detector is the maximization of the photon detection efficiency together with the uniformity over the focal surface. We have developed a new type of MAPMT. It is modified from the ordinary one and has a grid between the photocathode and the first dynode to electrostatically demagnify the photoelectron image on the dynode. We are also developing the HV supply system for a great number of MAPMTs. EUSO experiments the day-time and night-time every 90 minutes. The heat flow must be considered to stabilize the PMT characteristics, in parallel with the heat dissipation of the electronics attached on the focal surface supporting structure.

Photomultiplier development and wavelength shifter manufacturing to increase the detection of faint fluorescence signals
M Bertaina, T Ebisuzaki, K Hirota, Y Kawasaki, N Sakaki, M Sato, HM Shimizu, T Shinohara, Y Takizawa
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A, 20, 29, 6872, 6874, WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD, Nov. 2005, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, RIKEN has developed in collaboration with Hamamatsu a new type of Multi Anode Photomultiplier (MAPMT), R8900 series, with a large sensitive area of similar to 83% of the physical surface. The performance of R8900 is reviewed in the following. RIKEN has also manufactured a new type of wavelength shifter (w.s.) film to shift near-UV light (330 divided by 400 nm) to visible one. This film uses POPOP as a shifter and EPO-TEX as a substrate. The quantum efficiency of the film reaches similar to 80%.

Global measurement of lightning-associated transient luminous events (TLEs) from space
M Sato, T Ebisuzaki, Y Takizawa, Y Kawasaki, N Sakaki, M Bertaina, HM Shimizu, Y Takahashi, T Adachi
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A, 20, 29, 6903, 6905, WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD, Nov. 2005, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, In this study we present possibility of continuous measurements of lightning-associated transient luminous events (sprites, elves and blue jets) from the ISS altitude using the EUSO telescope. From global lightning data we estimated possible detection rates of lightning and TLEs. We also estimated photon numbers and optical spectra of TLEs in the near-ultraviolet region (300 - 400 nm) where the fluorescence emission caused by CRs exists. These results imply that EUSO has enough capabilities to monitor not only super-GZK CRs but also global lightning and TLEs.

New evidence for a link between lightning activity and tropical upper cloud coverage
Mitsuteru Sato, Hiroshi Fukunishi
Geophysical Research Letters, 32, 12, 1, 4, 28 Jun. 2005, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, We report new evidence for a link between lightning activity and tropical upper cloud coverage. Using 1 - 100 Hz ELF magnetic field waveform data obtained at Syowa station, we analyzed Schumann resonance (SR) spectral intensity variation to investigate characteristics of lightning activity changes. Further, we performed the cross-spectral analysis between the spectral intensity variation and the tropical upper cloud coverage at high altitude derived from infrared cloud images. It is found that the tropical upper cloud coverage and the lightning activity change with the same periodicity and a clear anti-phase relation. These results imply that the lightning activity is closely related to the meteorological dynamics in the troposphere. This fact demonstrates that tropical upper cloud coverage may be continuously monitored by SRs measured at a single site on the Earth's surface. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.

Characteristics of thunderstorm systems producing winter sprites in Japan
T. Adachi, H. Fukunishi, Yukihiro Takahashi, M. Sato, A. Ohkubo, Katsura Yamamoto
Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, 110, 11, 1, 11, AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 16 Jun. 2005, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, In this work, we analyze 67 sprite events observed during the winter sprite campaign carried out in Japan from 1998 to 2003. Our aim is to clarify the relationship between winter sprites in Japan and the characteristics of their parent thunderstorm systems. Combining optical data of sprites, various meteorological data such as cloud maps obtained from the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite-5, and precipitation maps obtained from Doppler radars as well as lightning detection network data, we classify sprite-producing thunderstorm systems into four categories: (1) those associated with the cold front over the Sea of Japan, (2) those developing in the Japan Sea Polar Air Mass Convergence Zone, (3) those developing in local low-pressure areas over the Pacific Ocean, and (4) those developing ∼200-900 km behind the cold front over the Pacific Ocean. These thunderstorm systems have average cloud top temperatures ranging from -25 to -40°C and average horizontal areas of 8500-40,500 km2 at the -20°C isotherm. They are much smaller than thunderstorm systems over the U.S. high plains in the summertime. The average maximum occurrence rate of sprites is 7.7 per hour in category 1, while the occurrence rates in categories 2-4 are only 2-3 per hour. In each of the four categories of thunderstorm systems, winter sprites in Japan tend to be induced by positive cloud-to-ground lightning discharges occurring in the convective core region during the developing stage where and when convection becomes most active spatially and temporally. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.

Continuous measurements of upper atmospheric lightning discharges by EUSO
M. Sato, Y. Takizawa, Y. Kawasaki, M. Bertaina, T. Ebisuzaki, Y-H. Takahashi, D. Lebrun
Proceedings of the 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference Vol 8: HE 1.5, 201, 204, TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH, 2005, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, International conference proceedings, In this study we present possibility of continuous measurements of lightning-associated transient luminous events (TLEs) from the international space station using the Extreme Universe Space Observatory (EUSO) telescope. From global lightning data we estimated possible detection rates of lightning and TLEs. We also estimated photon numbers and optical spectra of TLEs in the near-ultraviolet region (300-400 nm) where the fluorescence emission caused by CRs exists. These results imply that EUSO has enough capabilities to monitor not only UHECRs but also global lightning and TLEs. We are developing a new-type of high-voltage divider for multi-anode photomultiplier tubes (MAPMTs) which can automatically change the gain level rapidly (< 350 mu s) and which enable us to carry out both UHECR and TLE observations. An electronic design and performances of the divider circuit will be presented.

Space shuttle observation of an unusual transient atmospheric emission
Y Yair, C Price, B Ziv, PL Israelevich, DD Sentman, FT Sao-Sabbas, AD Devir, M Sato, CJ Rodger, M Moalem, E Greenberg, O Yaron
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 32, 2, L20801, AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, Jan. 2005, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, We report an observation of an unusual transient luminous event (TLE) detected in the near IR, south of Madagascar above the Indian Ocean. The event was imaged from the space shuttle Columbia during the MEIDEX sprite campaign [Yair et al., 2004]. It was delayed 0.23 seconds from a preceding visual lightning flash which was horizontally displaced >1000 km from the event. The calculated brightness in the 860 (+/-50) nm filter was similar to310+/- 30 kR, and the morphology of the emitting volume did not resemble any known class of TLE (i.e., sprites, ELVES or halos). This TIGER event (Transient Ionospheric Glow Emission in Red) may constitute a new class of TLE, not necessarily induced by a near-by thunderstorm. We discuss possible generation mechanisms, including the conjugate sprite hypothesis caused by lightning at the magnetic mirror point, lightning-induced electron precipitation and an extraterrestrial source, meteoric or cometary.

Generation region of pulsating aurora obtained simultaneously by the FAST satellite and a Syowa-Iceland conjugate pair of observatories
N Sato, DM Wright, CW Carlson, Y Ebihara, M Sato, T Saemundsson, SE Milan, M Lester
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, 109, A10, A10201, AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, Oct. 2004, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, We have carried out a direct comparison of pulsating auroras observed from the ground at Syowa Station in Antarctica and on board the FAST satellite (similar to3100 km altitude), with reference to simultaneous data obtained by a Syowa-Iceland conjugate pair of observatories. The aurora at Syowa appeared as east-west aligned bands consisting of two different types: a poleward moving oscillation and a standing oscillation, each with a period of similar to6 s. Spatial and temporal variations of the downgoing high-energy (>5 keV) electron flux obtained by FAST showed a one-to-one correspondence with the optical pulsating aurora. The occurrence regions of the two different types of pulsating aurora were separated by a narrow gap (similar to7-10 km in width at 100 km altitude) in the inverted-V structure, and the gaps were colocated with the small-scale upward field-aligned currents. The time-varying magnetic fields (upward field-aligned current) observed by FAST were almost correlated (in-phase) with the downgoing electron flux (>5 keV) modulations. Both the optical emission intensity at Syowa and the downgoing high-energy electron flux (>7 keV) on board FAST showed similar to3 Hz modulation. The similar to3 Hz fine structure constituted the main body of the similar to6 s pulsating aurora. VLF wave activities were not observed by FAST in the region of pulsating aurora. The source regions of the generation or modulation of the energetic particles are estimated to be at a higher altitude than FAST, in the region of similar to2 Re to 6 Re from the satellite. This suggests that the source region is not located in the equatorial plane of the magnetosphere but is located earthward, far from the equatorial plane. The conjugate pair observations on the ground revealed that the aurora, though pulsating in both hemispheres, was not conjugate in shape, appearing as an east-west aligned band in the Southern Hemisphere but as a torch structure (omega band) in the Northern Hemisphere. The evidence presented in this study suggests that ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling processes are important in producing the pulsating aurora.

Ground-based detection of TLE-producing intense lightning during the MEIDEX mission on board the space shuttle Columbia
C Price, E Greenberg, Y Yair, G Satori, J Bor, H Fukunishi, M Sato, P Israelevich, M Moalem, A Devir, Z Levin, JH Joseph, Mayo, I, B Ziv, A Sternlieb
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 31, 20, L20107, AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, Oct. 2004, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, In January 2003 Transient Luminous Events (TLEs) also known as sprites and ELVES were observed by the astronauts on board of the Columbia space shuttle, during the Mediterranean Israeli Dust Experiment (MEIDEX). Throughout the 16-day mission, electromagnetic data at four ground-based Extremely Low Frequency ( ELF) stations ( Israel, Hungary, Japan and Antarctica) were collected to geo-locate and determine the parameters of the parent lightning that triggered the TLEs. From our analysis 7 ELVES and 7 sprites have been detected so far in our data. ELF transients were detected for 5 of 7 ELVES at all ground stations with accurate geo-location of these events. However, none of the sprites were associated with ELF transients. This is contrary to the present theories of TLE formation, and may require some new thinking into the mechanisms that produce sprites and ELVES.

Roles of the EMP and QE field in the generation of columniform sprites
T Adachi, H Fukunishi, Y Takahashi, M Sato
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 31, 4, L04107, AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, Feb. 2004, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, In order to elucidate the electrodynamic coupling process between sprites and their causative cloud-to-ground lightning discharges, we investigated 38 columniform sprite events observed in the wintertime sprite campaigns in Japan. By analyzing the data of sprite images, transient Schumann resonance waveforms and the JLDN/LPATS lightning detection network systems, we found that the number of columns in each sprite event was proportional to the peak current intensity of positive cloud-to-ground lightning discharges (+ CGs) while the average vertical length of columns was proportional to the charge moment of the causative + CGs. Based on these results, we suggest that electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) radiated from + CGs contribute to the formation of seeds for sprite streamers while the QE field contribute to the development of the streamers from the seeds.

Global sprite occurrence locations and rates derived from triangulation of transient Schumann resonance events
M Sato, H Fukunishi
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 30, 16, 1859, AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, Aug. 2003, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, [1] We estimated locations and rates of sprite occurrences on a global scale using 1 - 100 Hz ELF magnetic field waveform data obtained at Syowa station in Antarctica and Onagawa observatory in Japan. From the ELF data obtained in a period between June 19, 2001 and January 20, 2002, we identified 715,500 events of transient Schumann resonances (SRs). The locations and polarizations of these parent cloud-to-ground (CG) discharges were determined by a triangulation method. The charge moments of these CG discharges were calculated with a normal mode expansion model of SR waves. From these results and the empirical sprite initiation probability reported by Hu et al. [ 2002], the global occurrence rate of sprites is estimated to be about 720 events/day on average. It is also found that the active regions of sprite occurrences are located in North and South America, Africa and South-East Asia.

Gigantic jets between a thundercloud and the ionosphere
HT Su, RR Hsu, AB Chen, YC Wang, WS Hsiao, WC Lai, LC Lee, M Sato, H Fukunishi
NATURE, 423, 6943, 974, 976, NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, Jun. 2003, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Transient luminous events in the atmosphere, such as lighting-induced sprites(1-8) and upwardly discharging blue jets(9-14), were discovered recently in the region between thunderclouds and the ionosphere. In the conventional picture, the main components of Earth's global electric circuit(15,16) include thunderstorms, the conducting ionosphere, the downward fair-weather currents and the conducting Earth. Thunderstorms serve as one of the generators that drive current upward from cloud tops to the ionosphere, where the electric potential is hundreds of kilovolts higher than Earth's surface. It has not been clear, however, whether all the important components of the global circuit have even been identified. Here we report observations of five gigantic jets that establish a direct link between a thundercloud (altitude similar to16 km) and the ionosphere at 90 km elevation. Extremely-low-frequency radio waves in four events were detected, while no cloud-to-ground lightning was observed to trigger these events. Our result indicates that the extremely-low-frequency waves were generated by negative cloud-to-ionosphere discharges, which would reduce the electrical potential between ionosphere and ground. Therefore, the conventional picture of the global electric circuit needs to be modified to include the contributions of gigantic jets and possibly sprites(17,18).

Validation of sprite-inducing cloud-to-ground lightning based on ELF observations at Syowa station in Antarctica
M Sato, H Fukunishi, M Kikuchi, H Yamagishi, WA Lyons
JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS, 65, 5, 607, 614, PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, Mar. 2003, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Waveform monitoring of ELF radio signals in the frequency range of 1-400 Hz have been carried out on a routine basis at Syowa station (69.0degreesS, 39.6degreesE in geographic coordinates), Antarctica since February, 2000. The main purpose of these observations is to monitor global lightning activity and to locate lightning-induced sprites and elves. The ELF observation system consisting of two search coil sensors (geomagnetic north south (H) and cast west (D) sensors) was installed at a remote unmanned observatory in West Ongul Island located 5 km southwest from Syowa station. As a back up system, the same system was installed near Syowa station in East Ongul Island. Signals from these sensors were digitally sampled at 1000 Hz with a GPS time code. On July 4, 2000 during the STEPS (Severe Thunderstorm Electrification and Precipitation Studies) 2000 campaign carried out over the Great Plains in the US, 57 sprite events were observed from Yucca Ridge Field Station (40.7degreesN, 104.9degreesW), Colorado, and 53 out of these sprite events had one-to-one correspondence to transient Schumann resonances (SR) detected at Syowa station. The waveforms of these SR are characterized by sharp initial pulses and following damped oscillations. The great circles representing the propagation paths are determined from the Lissojous plots of the H and D magnetic field data of the transient SR. It has been demonstrated that the minimum distance between the great circles and the locations of causative cloud-to-ground (CG) discharges is similar to240 km on average. It is thus concluded that the method to determine the propagation paths from Lissajous plots is extremely accurate when we use the Syowa ELF,waveform data. Consequently, it would be possible to globally triangulate sprite-inducing CG locations by setting up at least one more observation site with the same system. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Direct comparison of pulsating aurora observed simultaneously by the FAST satellite and from the ground at Syowa
N Sato, DM Wright, Y Ebihara, M Sato, Y Murata, H Doi, T Saemundsson, SE Milan, M Lester, CW Carlson
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 29, 21, 2041, AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, Nov. 2002, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, We have made a direct comparison of a pulsating aurora observed simultaneously from the ground at Syowa in Antarctica and onboard the FAST satellite (similar to3100 km altitude). The auroral form appeared as east-west-aligned bands consisting of two different types: a poleward moving pulsation and a standing mode pulsation, each with a period of similar to5 sec. The aurora occurs within the region of an inverted-V structure of lower energy (0.1-1 keV) electron precipitation. The two different types of pulsating aurora are separated in space by a narrow gap in the inverted-V potential structure. Spatial and temporal variations of the down-going high-energy (>5 keV) electron flux show a one-to-one correspondence with the optical pulsating aurora. The down-going high-energy (1-10 keV) ion flux modulation is out of phase (anti-correlated) with the high-energy electron flux modulation. These features suggest that the precipitating high-energy electrons, which produce the pulsating aurora, are modulated by the oscillation of the field-aligned electric field located above FAST.

Global lightning acquisition system installed
Füllekrug, M, S. Constable, G. Heinson, M. Sato, Y. Takahashi, C. Price, E. Williams
EOS, 81, 333, Jul. 2000, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal

Magnetic impulse events and related Pc1 bursts observed by the Automatic Geophysical Observatories network in Antarctica
M Sato, H Fukunishi, LJ Lanzerotti, CG Maclennan
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, 104, A9, 19971, 19982, AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, Sep. 1999, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Magnetic field data obtained by fluxgate and search coil magnetometers installed at four Automatic Geophysical Observatories (AGO P1, P2, P3, and P4) and at South Pole and McMurdo in Antarctica and at Iqaluit on Baffin Island are used to study the relationship between magnetic impulse events (MIEs) and Pc1 bursts at high geomagnetic latitudes. The spatial scale sizes of MIEs are determined in the investigation of the sources of these events in the magnetosphere. Four MIE events with simultaneous Pc1 bursts are studied. Contour plots of MIE amplitudes show the scale sizes of the examined MIEs to be 5 degrees to 7 degrees in the magnetic latitude direction and 40 degrees to 60 degrees in the magnetic longitude direction. Temporal changes of the ionospheric currents calculated from the fluxgate H- and D-component data indicate that the "convection vortices" associated with the MIEs traveled westward and decayed rapidly. An important finding is that MIE-related Pc1 bursts were observed at higher-latitude (P1, P4 near 80 degrees) and lower-latitude (P2, P3 near 70 degrees) AGO stations and South Pole Station at 74 degrees with different spectral structures, although the Pc1 spectral power was always a maximum at South Pole Station. These results imply that Pc1 bursts are excited not only in the dayside outer magnetosphere but also in the low-latitude boundary layer region.

Dayside auroral dynamics observed by the AGO network in Antarctica
Sato, M, H. Fukunishi, R. Kataoka, A. Shono, L.J. Lanzerotti, J.H. Doolittle, S.B. Mende, M. Pinnock
Adv. Polar Upp. Atmos. Res., 13, 67, 78, National Institute of Polar Research, 1999, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Auroral dynamics m the day side cusp/cleft and polar cap region have been studied using all-sky imaging data acquired at four Automatic Geophysical Observatories (AGOs) located at 70°-80° magnetic latitude in Antarctica during the period from April 5 to July 31, 1995. Poleward moving transient auroral forms with velocities of -0.5 km/s and durations of -10 min were frequently observed at the two AGO stations, PI and P4, located at 80° magnetic latitude. The transient auroral forms moved poleward and westward in the pre-noon sector, while poleward and eastward in the post-noon sector. The luminosity of the auroral 630.0 nm emissions was found to be much higher than that of the auroral 427.8 nm emissions, implying that the energies of precipitating electrons exciting these auroral transients are very low. The WIND interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) data showed that these pole- ward moving transient auroral forms were strongly correlated with northward IMF (Bz > 0) conditions. Since distinct back-scattered echoes of the HF radar at Halley Bay station were not observed when these transient aurora forms occurred, it is concluded that these auroras did not excite strong irregularities in the F-region. Thus, all these results taken together imply that these transient auroral forms are strongly related to the magnetopause boundary processes during northward IMF conditions.

Ground-based observations of ULF transients excited by strong lightning discharges producing elves and sprites
H Fukunishi, Y Takahashi, M Sato, A Shono, M Fujito, Y Watanabe
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 24, 23, 2973, 2976, AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, Dec. 1997, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Optical and search coil magnetometer data obtained from the SPRITES'96 campaign carried out at Yucca Ridge Field Station, Colorado in July 1996 have presented clear evidence for the excitation of OLF transients with their dominant power at 1-2 Hz by strong lightning discharges producing elves and sprites. The most striking feature is that the ULF transients exhibit different wave forms in the case of sprites without, preceding elves and the case of sprites with preceding elves. In the former case damped, quasi-sinusoidal oscillations commence impulsively at the onset of sprites, while in; the latter case quasi-sinusoidal wavelets with a duration of similar to 3 s are excited. and elves and sprites occur within each wavelet. It is likely that these ULF transients are due to the nonlinear excitation of the ionospheric Alfven resonator by strong lightning discharge, as proposed by Sukhorukov and Stubbe [1997].

The value of Observations of Lightning Discharge from Geostationary Orbit
Tomoo Ushio, Yosuke Sato, Mitsuteru Sato, Eiichi Yoshikawa, Syugo Hayashi, Satoru Yoshida, Yoshiaki Honda, Journal of The Remote Sensing Society of Japan, 41, 4, 478, 486, Apr. 2021, [Peer-reviewed]
Japanese

フィリピン・マニラ首都圏における多地点静電場観測よる雷放電の3次元位置と電荷量の推定
菅野将史, 高橋幸弘, 大矢浩代, 中田裕之, 佐藤光輝, 久保田尚之, Purwadi, 大気電気学会誌(Web), 15, 1, 2021

Next generation Japan’s Venus Exploration in 2020s
中村正人, 山崎敦, 山城龍馬, 石井信明, 戸田知朗, 二穴喜文, LIMAYE Sanjay S., 寺田直樹, 安藤紘基, 神山徹, 佐藤毅彦, 今村剛, 田口真, 林祥介, 堀之内武, LEE Yeon Joo, 高木征弘, 今井正尭, 福原哲哉, 杉本憲彦, 樫村博基, 渡部重十, 佐藤隆雄, はしもと じょーじ, 村上真也, MCGOULDRICK Kevin, 阿部琢美, 廣瀬史子, 山田学, 小郷原一智, 杉山耕一朗, 大月祥子, PERALTA Javier, 高木聖子, 岩上直幹, 上野宗孝, 坂野井健, 亀田真吾, 笠羽康正, 高橋幸弘, 佐藤光輝, 松田佳久, 山本勝, 日本地球惑星科学連合大会予稿集(Web), 2020, 2020

Global distributions of lightning electrical energy estimated by optical observations from International Space Station
R. Kitamura, Y. Hobara, M. Sato, Y. Takahashi, T. Adachi, T. Ushio, M. Suzuki, 2019 URSI Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference, AP-RASC 2019, Mar. 2019
© 2019 URSI. All rights reserved. Recent study by [1] demonstrates the remarkable similarity between the time series of lightning optical irradiance observed by high speed photometric observations in GLIMS (Global LIghtning and sprite MeasurementS on JEMEF) mission installed in the International Space Station (ISS) and current moment change estimated by groundbased ELF magnetic field measurement based on 169 lightning strokes around Japan, which also indicates the high correlation between integrated irradiance and charge moment change (Qds).

Polarimetry of (155140) 2005 UD: the Dynamical Association with (3200) Phaethon
ISHIGURO Masateru, GEEM Jooyeon, NAITO Hiroyuki, BACH Yoonsoo P, KURODA Daisuke, ONO Tatsuharu, TAKAGI Seiko, SATO Mitsuteru, KURAMOTO Kiyoshi, SEKIGUCHI Tomohiko, IMAI Masataka, WATANABE Makoto, OHTSUKA Katsuhito, HASEGAWA Sunao, ITO Takashi, YOSHIDA Fumi, ARAI Tomoko, 日本地球惑星科学連合大会予稿集(Web), 2019, ROMBUNNO.PPS03‐P17 (WEB ONLY), 2019
English

冬季雷における高エネルギー現象の観測プロジェクトの進展
和田有希, 和田有希, 榎戸輝揚, 松元崇弘, 中澤知洋, 古田禄大, 湯浅孝行, 土屋晴文, 米徳大輔, 澤野達哉, 牧島一夫, 牧島一夫, 鴨川仁, 中村佳敬, 森本健志, 佐藤光輝, 酒井英男, 南戸秀仁, 牛尾知雄, 日本地球惑星科学連合大会予稿集(Web), 2019, ROMBUNNO.MIS27‐10 (WEB ONLY), 2019
Japanese

Polarimetric Study of Asteroids in Comet‐Like Orbits (ACOs)
GEEM Jooyeon, ISHIGURO Masateru, BACH Yoonsoo P, KURODA Daisuke, NAITO Hiroyuki, HANAYAMA Hidekazu, KIM Yoonyoung, KWON Yuna G, JIN Sunho, SEKIGUCHI Tomohiko, OKAZAKI Ryo, VAUBAILLON Jeremie J, IMAI Masataka, OONO Tatsuharu, FUTAMUTS Yuki, TAKAGI Seiko, SATO Mitsuteru, KURAMOTO Kiyoshi, WATANABE Makoto, 日本地球惑星科学連合大会予稿集(Web), 2019, ROMBUNNO.PPS03‐P04 (WEB ONLY), 2019
English

雷雲ガンマ線の観測プロジェクトと雷での光核反応の検出
榎戸輝揚, 和田有希, 和田有希, 古田禄大, 中澤知洋, 湯浅孝行, 奥田和史, 牧島一夫, 佐藤光輝, 佐藤陽祐, 中野俊男, 楳本大悟, 土屋晴文, 土屋晴文, 日本物理学会講演概要集(CD-ROM), 73, 1, ROMBUNNO.22pK305‐7, 176, 23 Mar. 2018
The Physical Society of Japan, Japanese

落雷による光核反応の発見:地上観測による中性子と陽電子の検出
和田有希, 和田有希, 古田禄大, 榎戸輝揚, 中澤知洋, 中澤知洋, 湯浅孝行, 奥田和史, 牧島一夫, 佐藤光輝, 佐藤陽祐, 中野俊男, 楳本大悟, 土屋晴文, 日本物理学会講演概要集(CD-ROM), 73, 1, ROMBUNNO.22aK308‐7, 422, 23 Mar. 2018
The Physical Society of Japan, Japanese

落雷による光核反応の発見:シミュレーションによるデータ解釈
古田禄大, 和田有希, 和田有希, 榎戸輝揚, 中澤知洋, 湯浅孝行, 奥田和史, 牧島一夫, 佐藤光輝, 佐藤陽祐, 中野俊男, 楳本大悟, 土屋晴文, 日本物理学会講演概要集(CD-ROM), 73, 1, ROMBUNNO.22aK308‐8, 423, 23 Mar. 2018
The Physical Society of Japan, Japanese

Road to the first star : Venus orbiter from Japan(33)Lightning hunt in Venus, to be continued
高橋 幸弘, 今井 正尭, 佐藤 光輝, 遊・星・人 = Planetary people : 日本惑星科学会誌, 27, 1, 43, 45, Mar. 2018
日本惑星科学会, Japanese

地上と宇宙から探る雷放電に同期する突発ガンマ線観測への取り組み
中澤知洋, 榎戸輝揚, 和田有希, 和田有希, 古田禄大, 松元崇弘, 春日知明, 奥田和史, 湯浅孝行, 中野俊男, 楳本大悟, 加藤博, 牧島一夫, 佐藤光輝, 佐藤陽祐, 土屋晴文, 日本天文学会年会講演予稿集, 2018, 240, 20 Feb. 2018
Japanese

超長波(VLF帯)空電観測を用いた雷放電位置標定システムの位置精度評価
成田知巳, 佐藤光輝, 亀田貴雄, 坂野井健, 土屋史紀, 石井勝, 熊田亜紀子, 鴨川仁, 石川裕彦, 金子英治, 原田繁実, 工藤剛史, 茆原正昭, 皆川郁靖, 電気学会全国大会講演論文集(CD-ROM), 2018, 2018

惑星大気対流構造の解明にむけた雷放電探査観測計画
佐藤光輝, 高橋幸弘, 春山純一, 今井正尭, 日本気象学会大会講演予稿集, 114, 2018

国際宇宙ステーションGLIMSミッションにより観測された雷発光強度を用いた雷の電気的特性導出に関する研究
鈴木克徳, 柿沼遠方, 芳原容英, 佐藤光輝, 高橋幸弘, 足立透, 牛尾知雄, 河崎善一郎, 森本健志, 山崎敦, 鈴木睦, LINSCOTT I. R, INAN U. S, 大気電気学会誌, 11, 1, 102‐103, 15 Nov. 2017
Japanese

ELF帯電波観測による雷放電の電荷量推定とダウンバーストの予測可能性について
清水千春, 佐藤光輝, 高橋幸弘, 本郷保二, 土屋史紀, 阿部修司, 吉川顕正, 大気電気学会誌, 11, 1, 59‐60, 15 Nov. 2017
Japanese

Meteor studies in the framework of the JEM-EUSO program
G. Abdellaoui, S. Abe, A. Acheli, J. H. J. H. Adams, S. Ahmad, A. Ahriche, J. -N. Albert, D. Allard, G. Alonso, L. Anchordoqui, V. Andreev, A. Anzalone, W. Aouimeure, Y. Arai, N. Arsene, K. Asano, R. Attallah, H. Attoui, M. Ave Pemas, S. Bacholle, M. Bakiri, P. Baragatti, P. Barrillon, S. Bartocci, T. Batsch, J. Bayer, R. Bechini, T. Belenguer, R. Bellotti, A. Belov, K. Belov, B. Benadda, K. Benmessai, A. A. Berlind, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, S. Biktemerova, F. Bisconti, N. Blanc, J. Blecki, S. Blin-Bondil, P. Bobik, M. Bogomilov, M. Bonamente, R. Boudaoud, E. Bozzo, M. S. Briggs, A. Bruno, K. S. Caballero, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, J. -N. Capdevielle, F. Capel, A. Caramete, L. Caramete, P. Carlson, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, A. Castellina, G. Castellini, C. Catalano, O. Catalano, A. Cellino, M. Chikawa, G. Chiritoi, M. J. Christl, V. Connaughton, L. Conti, G. Cordero, H. J. Crawford, R. Cremonini, S. Csorna, S. Dagoret-Campagne, C. De Donato, C. de la Taille, C. De Santis, L. del Peral, M. Di Martino, T. Djemil, S. A. Djenas, F. Dulucq, M. Dupieux, I. Dutan, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, R. Engel, J. Eser, K. Fang, F. Fenu, S. Fernandez-Gonzalez, J. Fernandez-Soriano, S. Ferrarese, D. Finco, M. Flamini, C. Fornaro, M. Fouka, A. Franceschi, S. Franchini, C. Fuglesang, J. Fujimoto, M. Fukushima, P. Galeotti, E. Garcia-Ortega, G. Garipov, E. Gascon, J. Geary, G. Gelmini, J. Genci, G. Giraudo, M. Gonchar, C. Gonzalez Alvarado, P. Gorodetzky, F. Guarino, R. Guehaz, A. Guzman, Y. Hachisu, M. Haiduc, B. Harlov, A. Haungs, J. Hernandez Carretero, W. Hidber, K. Higashide, D. Ikeda, H. Ikeda, N. Inoue, S. Inoue, F. Isgro, Y. Itow, T. Jammer, E. Joven, E. G. Judd, A. Jung, J. Jochum, F. Kajino, T. Kajino, S. Kalli, I. Kaneko, D. Kang, F. Kanouni, Y. Karadzhov, J. Karczmarczyk, M. Karus, K. Katahira, K. Kawai, Y. Kawasaki, A. Kedadra, H. Khales, B. A. Khrenov, Jeong-Sook Kim, Soon-Wook Kim, Sug-Whan Kim, M. Kleifges, P. A. Klimov, D. Kolev, I. Kreykenbohm, K. Kudela, Y. Kurihara, A. Kusenko, E. Kuznetsov, M. Lacombe, C. Lachaud, H. Lahmar, F. Lakhdari, O. Larsson, J. Lee, J. Licandro, H. Lim, L. Lopez Campano, M. C. Maccarone, S. Mackovjak, M. Mandi, D. Maravilla, L. Marcelli, J. L. Marcos, A. Marini, K. Martens, Y. Martin, O. Martinez, G. Masciantonio, K. Mase, R. Matev, J. N. Matthews, N. Mebarki, G. Medina-Tanco, L. Mehrad, M. A. Mendoza, A. Merino, T. Memik, J. Meseguer, S. Messaoud, O. Micu, J. Mimouni, H. Miyamoto, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Mizumoto, G. Modestino, A. Monaco, D. Monnier-Ragaigne, J. A. Morales de los Rios, C. Moretto, V. S. Morozenko, B. Mot, T. Murakami, B. Nadji, M. Nagano, M. Nagata, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, T. Napolitano, A. Nardellis, D. Naumov, R. Nava, A. Neronov, K. Nomoto, T. Nonaka, T. Ogawa, S. Ogio, H. Ohmori, A. V. Olinto, P. Orleariski, G. Osteria, W. Painter, M. I. Panasyuk, B. Panico, E. Parizot, I. H. Park, H. W. Park, B. Pastircak, T. Patzak, T. Paul, C. Pennypacker, M. Perdichizzi, I. Perez-Grande, F. Perfetto, T. Peter, P. Picozza, T. Pierog, S. Pindado, L. W. Piotrowski, S. Pirainou, L. Placidis, Z. Plebaniak, S. Pliego, A. Pollini, E. M. Popescu, P. Prat, G. Prevot, H. Prieto, M. Putis, J. Rabanal, A. A. Radu, M. Rahmani, P. Reardon, M. Reyes, M. Rezazadeh, M. Ricci, M. D. Rodriguez Frias, F. Ronga, M. Roth, H. Rothkaehl, G. Roudil, I. Rusinov, M. Rybczynski, M. D. Sabau, G. Saez Cano, H. Sagawa, Z. Sahnoune, A. Saito, N. Sakaki, M. Sakata, H. Salazar, J. C. Sanchez, J. L. Sanchez, A. Santangelo, L. Santiago Cruz, A. Sanz-Andres, M. Sanz Palomino, O. Saprykin, F. Sarazin, H. Sato, M. Sato, T. Schanz, H. Schieler, V. Scotti, A. Segreto, S. Selmane, D. Semikoz, M. Serra, S. Sharakin, T. Shibata, H. M. Shimizu, K. Shinozaki, T. Shirahama, G. Siemieniec-Ozieblo, J. Sledd, K. Slomiriska, A. Sobey, I. Stan, T. Sugiyama, D. Supanitsky, M. Suzuki, B. Szabelska, J. Szabelski, H. Tahi, F. Tajima, N. Tajima, T. Tajima, Y. Takahashi, H. Takami, M. Takeda, Y. Takizawa, M. C. Talai, C. Tenzer, O. Tibolla, L. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, N. Tone, S. Toscano, M. Traiche, R. Tsenov, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsuno, T. Tymieniecka, Y. Uchihori, M. Unger, O. Vaduvescu, J. F. Valdes-Galicia, P. Vallania, G. Vankova, C. Vigorito, L. Villasenor, B. Vicek, P. von Ballmoos, M. Vrabel, S. Wada, J. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, J. Watts, M. Weber, R. Weigand Munoz, A. Weindl, T. J. Weiler, T. Wibig, L. Wiencke, M. Wille, J. Wilms, Z. Wlodarczyk, T. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, J. Yang, H. Yano, I. V. Yashin, D. Yonetoku, S. Yoshida, R. Young, I. S. Zgura, M. Yu. Zotov, A. Zuccaro Marchi, PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE, 143, 245, 255, Sep. 2017
We summarize the state of the art of a program of UV observations from space of meteor phenomena, a secondary objective of the JEM-EUSO international collaboration. Our preliminary analysis indicates that JEM-EUSO, taking advantage of its large FOV and good sensitivity, should be able to detect meteors down to absolute magnitude close to 7. This means that JEM-EUSO should be able to record a statistically significant flux of meteors, including both sporadic ones, and events produced by different meteor streams. Being unaffected by adverse weather conditions, JEM-EUSO can also be a very important facility for the detection of bright meteors and fireballs, as these events can be detected even in conditions of very high sky background. In the case of bright events, moreover, exhibiting some persistence of the meteor train, preliminary simulations show that it should be possible to exploit the motion of the ISS itself and derive at least a rough 3D reconstruction of the meteor trajectory. Moreover, the observing strategy developed to detect meteors may also be applied to the detection of nuclearites, exotic particles whose existence has been suggested by some theoretical investigations. Nuclearites are expected to move at higher velocities than meteoroids, and to exhibit a wider range of possible trajectories, including particles moving upward after crossing the Earth. Some pilot studies, including the approved Mini-EUSO mission, a precursor of JEM-EUSO, are currently operational or in preparation. We are doing simulations to assess the performance of Mini-EUSO for meteor studies, while a few meteor events have been already detected using the ground-based facility EUSO-TA., PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, English

Cosmic ray oriented performance studies for the JEM-EUSO first level trigger
G. Abdellaoui, S. Abe, A. Acheli, J. H. Adams, S. Ahmad, A. Ahriche, J. -N. Albert, D. Allard, G. Alonso, L. Anchordoqui, V. Andreev, A. Anzalone, W. Aouimeur, Y. Arai, N. Arsene, K. Asano, R. Attallah, H. Attoui, M. Ave Pernas, S. Bacholle, M. Bakiri, P. Baragatti, P. Barrillon, S. Bartocci, T. Batsch, J. Bayer, R. Bechini, T. Belenguer, R. Bellotti, A. Belov, K. Belov, B. Benadda, K. Benmessai, A. A. Berlind, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, S. Biktemerova, F. Bisconti, N. Blanc, J. Blecki, S. Blin-Bondil, P. Bobik, M. Bogomilov, M. Bonamente, R. Boudaoud, E. Bozzo, M. S. Briggs, A. Bruno, K. S. Caballero, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, J. -N. Capdevielle, F. Capel, A. Caramete, L. Caramete, P. Carlson, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, A. Castellina, G. Castellini, C. Catalano, O. Catalano, A. Cellino, M. Chikawa, G. Chiritoi, M. J. Christl, V. Connaughton, L. Conti, G. Contino, G. Cordero, G. Cotto, H. J. Crawford, R. Cremonini, S. Csorna, S. Dagoret-Campagne, C. De Donato, C. de la Taille, C. De Santis, L. del Peral, M. Di Martino, T. Djemil, S. A. Djenas, F. Dulucq, M. Dupieux, I. Dutan, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, R. Engel, J. Eser, K. Fang, F. Fenu, S. Fernandez-Gonzalez, J. Fernandez-Soriano, S. Ferrarese, D. Finco, M. Flamini, C. Fornaro, R. Forza, M. Fouka, A. Franceschi, S. Franchini, C. Fuglesang, J. Fujimoto, M. Fukushima, P. Galeotti, E. Garcia-Ortega, G. Garipov, E. Gascon, J. Geary, G. Gelmini, J. Genci, G. Giraudo, M. Gonchar, C. Gonzalez Alvarado, P. Gorodetzky, N. Guardone, F. Guarino, R. Guehaz, A. Guzman, Y. Hachisu, M. Haiduc, B. Harlov, A. Haungs, J. Hernandez Carretero, W. Hidber, K. Higashide, D. Ikeda, H. Ikeda, N. Inoue, S. Inoue, A. Insolia, F. Isgro, Y. Itow, T. Jammer, E. Joven, E. G. Judd, A. Jung, J. Jochum, F. Kajino, T. Kajino, S. Kalli, I. Kaneko, D. Kang, F. Kanouni, Y. Karadzhov, J. Karczmarczyk, M. Karus, K. Katahira, K. Kawai, Y. Kawasaki, A. Kedadra, H. Khales, B. A. Khrenov, Jeong-Sook Kim, Soon-Wook Kim, Sug-Whan Kim, M. Kleifges, P. A. Klimov, D. Kolev, I. Kreykenbohm, K. Kudela, Y. Kurihara, A. Kusenko, E. Kuznetsov, M. Lacombe, C. Lachaud, H. Lahmar, F. Lakhdari, O. Larsson, J. Lee, J. Licandro, H. Lim, L. Lopez Campano, M. C. Maccarone, S. Mackovjak, M. Mahdi, M. Manfrin, D. Maravilla, L. Marcelli, J. L. Marcos, A. Marini, K. Martens, Y. Martin, O. Martinez, G. Masciantonio, K. Mase, R. Matev, J. N. Matthews, N. Mebarki, G. Medina-Tanco, L. Mehrad, M. A. Mendoza, A. Merino, T. Mernik, J. Meseguer, S. Messaoud, O. Micu, M. Mignone, J. Mimouni, H. Miyamoto, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Mizumoto, G. Modestino, A. Monaco, D. Monnier-Ragaigne, J. A. Morales de los Rios, C. Moretto, V. S. Morozenko, B. Mot, T. Murakami, B. Nadji, M. Nagano, M. Nagata, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, T. Napolitano, D. Naumov, R. Nava, A. Neronov, K. Nomoto, T. Nonaka, T. Ogawa, S. Ogio, H. Ohmori, A. V. Olinto, P. Orleanski, G. Osteria, W. Painter, M. I. Panasyuk, B. Panico, E. Parizot, I. H. Park, H. W. Park, B. Pastircak, T. Patzak, T. Paul, C. Pennypacker, I. Perez-Grande, F. Perfetto, T. Peter, P. Picozza, T. Pierog, S. Pindado, L. W. Piotrowski, S. Piraino, L. Placidi, Z. Plebaniak, S. Pliego, A. Pollini, E. M. Popescu, P. Prat, G. Prevot, H. Prieto, M. Putis, J. Rabanal, A. A. Radu, M. Rahmani, P. Reardon, M. Reyes, M. Rezazadeh, M. Ricci, M. D. Rodriguez Frias, F. Ronga, M. Roth, H. Rothkaehl, G. Roudil, I. Rusinov, M. Rybczynski, M. D. Sabau, G. Saez Cano, H. Sagawa, Z. Sahnoune, A. Saito, N. Sakaki, M. Sakata, H. Salazar, J. C. Sanchez, J. L. Sanchez, A. Santangelo, L. Santiago Cruz, A. Sanz-Andres, M. Sanz Palomino, O. Saprykin, F. Sarazin, H. Sato, M. Sato, T. Schanz, H. Schieler, V. Scotti, A. Segreto, S. Selmane, D. Semikoz, M. Serra, S. Sharakin, T. Shibata, H. M. Shimizu, K. Shinozaki, T. Shirahama, G. Siemieniec-Ozieblo, J. Sledd, K. Slominska, A. Sobey, I. Stan, T. Sugiyama, D. Supanitsky, M. Suzuki, B. Szabelska, J. Szabelski, H. Tahi, F. Tajima, N. Tajima, T. Tajima, Y. Takahashi, H. Takami, M. Takeda, Y. Takizawa, M. C. Talai, C. Tenzer, O. Tibolla, L. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, N. Tone, S. Toscano, M. Traiche, R. Tsenov, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsuno, T. Tymieniecka, Y. Uchihori, M. Unger, O. Vaduvescu, J. F. Valdes-Galicia, P. Vallania, G. Vankova, C. Vigorito, L. Villasenor, B. Vlcek, P. von Ballmoos, M. Vrabel, S. Wada, J. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, J. Watts, M. Weber, R. Weigand Munoz, A. Weindl, T. J. Weiler, T. Wibig, L. Wiencke, M. Wille, J. Wilms, Z. Wlodarczyk, T. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, J. Yang, H. Yano, I. V. Yashin, D. Yonetoku, S. Yoshida, R. Young, I. S. Zgura, M. Yu. Zotov, A. Zuccaro Marchi, NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT, 866, 150, 163, Sep. 2017
JEM-EUSO is a space mission designed to investigate Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays and Neutrinos (E > 5.10(19) eV) from the International Space Station (ISS). Looking down from above its wide angle telescope is able to observe their air showers and collect such data from a very wide area. Highly specific trigger algorithms are needed to drastically reduce the data load in the presence of both atmospheric and human activity related background light, yet retain the rare cosmic ray events recorded in the telescope. We report the performance in offline testing of the first level trigger algorithm on data from JEM-EUSO prototypes and laboratory measurements observing different light sources: data taken during a high altitude balloon flight over Canada, laser pulses observed from the ground traversing the real atmosphere, and model landscapes reproducing realistic aspect ratios and light conditions as would be seen from the ISS itself. The first level trigger logic successfully kept the trigger rate within the permissible bounds when challenged with artificially produced as well as naturally encountered night sky background fluctuations and while retaining events with general air-shower characteristics. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, English

VLF帯の空電観測を用いた落雷位置標定装置の精度評価
三上元気, 山田嘉将, 成田知巳, 佐藤光輝, 坂野井健, 土屋史紀, 金子英治, 原田繁実, 工藤剛史, 三塚洋明, 電気学会電力・エネルギー部門大会論文集(CD-ROM), 2017, 2017

超長波(VLF帯)空電観測を用いた落雷位置標定システムによる落雷分布
大野高寛, 山田素輝, 成田知巳, 佐藤光輝, 坂野井健, 土屋史紀, 金子英治, 原田繁実, 工藤剛史, 茆原正昭, 三塚洋明, 電気学会全国大会講演論文集(CD-ROM), 2017, 2017

超長波(VLF帯)空電観測を用いた落雷位置標定装置の全国展開
大野高寛, 山田素輝, 成田知巳, 佐藤光輝, 坂野井健, 土屋史紀, 金子英治, 原田繁実, 工藤剛史, 茆原正昭, 三塚洋明, 大気電気学会誌, 11, 1, 2017

国際宇宙ステーションから観測された雷発光放射照度を用いた雷の電気的特性導出に関する研究
芳原容英, 鈴木克徳, 柿沼遠方, 佐藤光輝, 高橋幸弘, 足立透, 牛尾知雄, 河崎善一郎, 森本健志, 山崎敦, 鈴木睦, LINSCOTT Ivan, INAN Umran, 日本地球惑星科学連合大会予稿集(Web), 2017, ROMBUNNO.MIS05‐06 (WEB ONLY), 2017
Japanese

Latitudinal and Regional dependences of IC/CG ratio derived from JEM-GLIMS lightning observations
BANDHOLNOPPARAT Kittanapat, SATO Mitsuteru, TAKAHASHI Yukihiro, ADACHI Toru, USHIO Tomoo, 日本地球惑星科学連合大会予稿集(Web), 2017, ROMBUNNO.MIS05‐P03 (WEB ONLY), 2017
English

Observation of Lightning by Aircraft
USHIO Tomoo, SATO Mitsuteru, KIKUCHI Hiroshi, MEGA Tomoaki, YOSHIKAWA Eiichi, NAKAMURA Yoshitaka, 日本地球惑星科学連合大会予稿集(Web), 2017, ROMBUNNO.ACG49‐02 (WEB ONLY), 2017
English

ISS/JEM‐GLIMSミッションによる雷放電の電波および光学観測
森本健志, 菊池博史, 牛尾知雄, 佐藤光輝, 山崎敦, 鈴木睦, 菊池雅行, 日本気象学会大会講演予稿集, 109, 350, 30 Apr. 2016
Japanese

GLIMSミッションにより観測された雷放電の発光面積・強度とその電気的特性に関する研究
柿沼遠方, 芳原容英, 牛尾知雄, 河崎善一郎, 森本健志, 佐藤光輝, 山崎敦, 鈴木睦, 大気電気学会誌, 10, 1, 52‐53, 10 Apr. 2016
Japanese

「あかつき」搭載中間赤外カメラによる金星雲頂温度観測
田口 真, 福原 哲哉, 神山 徹, 今村 剛, 中村 正人, 鈴木 睦, 佐藤 隆雄, 上野 宗孝, 岩上 直幹, はしもと じょーじ, 佐藤 光輝, 高木 聖子, Mar. 2016
第29回大気圏シンポジウム（2016年3月7日-8日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所（JAXA)(ISAS)）, 相模原市, 神奈川県資料番号: SA6000051002レポート番号: I-2, Japanese

金星雲頂高度に発見された巨大重力波
福原哲哉, はしもと じょーじ, 堀之内武, 今村剛, 岩上直幹, 神山徹, 村上真也, 中村正人, 小郷原一智, 佐藤光輝, 佐藤隆雄, 鈴木睦, 田口真, 高木聖子, 上野宗孝, 渡部重十, 山田学, 日本気象学会大会講演予稿集, 110, 2016

金星大気中に発見された巨大定在重力波
田口真, 神山徹, 今村剛, 堀之内武, 福原哲哉, 二口将彦, はしもと じょーじ, 岩上直幹, 村上真也, 小郷原一智, 佐藤光輝, 佐藤隆雄, 鈴木睦, 高木聖子, 上野宗孝, 渡部重十, 山田学, 山崎敦, 中村正人, 地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会総会及び講演会(Web), 140th, 2016

一番星へ行こう! 日本の金星探査機の挑戦その29 〜巨大な弓形雲頂温度構造の発見〜
田口真, 福原哲哉, 今村剛, 神山徹, 二口将彦, はしもとじょーじ, 鈴木睦, 上野宗孝, 岩上直幹, 佐藤隆雄, 佐藤光輝, 高木聖子, 中村正人, 日本惑星科学会誌「遊星人」, 25, 4, 2, 16, 2016
Japanese, Report scientific journal

JEM‐GLIMS直下視観測から同定したスプライトの水平空間分布と親雷放電との関係
佐藤光輝, 足立透, 佐藤剛志, 牛尾知雄, 森本健志, 鈴木睦, 山崎敦, 高橋幸弘, 日本地球惑星科学連合大会予稿集(Web), 2016, ROMBUNNO.PEM16‐12 (WEB ONLY), 2016
Japanese

雷放電・TLEsの全球発生分布および発生頻度と地方時間依存性
佐藤剛志, 佐藤光輝, 牛尾知雄, 森本健志, 足立透, 鈴木睦, 山崎敦, 高橋幸弘, 日本地球惑星科学連合大会予稿集(Web), 2016, ROMBUNNO.PEM16‐P04 (WEB ONLY), 2016
Japanese

スプライトを誘起した雷放電による上空電子密度擾乱の再現
佐藤光輝, 平木康隆, 足立透, 牛尾知雄, 森本健志, 菊池博史, 鈴木睦, 山崎敦, 高橋幸弘, 地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会総会及び講演会(Web), 140th, ROMBUNNO.R005‐P18 (WEB ONLY), 2016
Japanese

Predictability of the downburst phenomena using the charge amounts of lightning discharges derived from ELF observation
SHIMIZU Chiharu, SATO Mitsuteru, TAKAHASHI Yukihiro, TSUCHIYA Fuminori, HONGO Yasuji, ABE Shuji, YOSHIKAWA Akimasa, 地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会総会及び講演会(Web), 140th, ROMBUNNO.R005‐P02 (WEB ONLY), 2016
English

国際宇宙ステーションからの雷放電と高高度発光現象の観測
牛尾知雄, 佐藤光輝, 鈴木睦, 森本健志, 菊池博史, 菊池雅行, 足立透, 山崎敦, 高橋幸弘, INAN U, LINSCOTT I, 石田良平, 坂本祐二, 吉田和哉, 芳原容英, 阿部琢己, 中村正人, 織田裕久, 日本気象学会大会講演予稿集, 108, 108, 380, 380, 30 Sep. 2015
日本気象学会, Japanese

Application of infrasound observation to the future exploration project on the Martian surface
山本 真行, 高橋 幸弘, 佐藤 光輝, 月刊地球, 37, 8, 334, 339, Aug. 2015
海洋出版, Japanese

JEM‐GLIMSミッションにより観測された雷発光現象と落雷電荷モーメントとの関係
柿沼遠方, 芳原容英, 牛尾知雄, 河崎善一郎, 森本健志, 佐藤光輝, 山崎敦, 鈴木睦, 大気電気学会誌, 9, 1, 132, 133, 20 Apr. 2015
Japanese

国際宇宙ステーションGLIMSミッションにより観測されたホイスラを用いた電離層F層の電子密度推定
鈴木克徳, 柿沼遠方, 芳原容英, LINSCOTT I.R, INAN U.S, 佐藤光輝, 高橋幸弘, 牛尾知雄, 河崎善一郎, 森本健志, 山崎敦, 鈴木睦, 大気電気学会誌, 9, 1, 92, 93, 20 Apr. 2015
Japanese

JUICE搭載多バンド分光カメラ「JANUS」ミッションII
春山純一, 高橋幸弘, 佐藤光輝, 日本惑星科学会秋季講演会予稿集(Web), 2015, 2015

C306 「あかつき」搭載中間赤外カメラが目指すサイエンス(「あかつき」金星大気探査カウントダウン,スペシャル・セッション)
田口 真, 福原 哲哉, 神山 徹, 今村 剛, 中村 正人, 上野 宗孝, 鈴木 睦, 佐藤 隆雄, 岩上 直幹, はしもと じょーじ, 佐藤 光輝, 高木 聖子, 大会講演予講集, 108, 359, 359, 2015
日本気象学会, Japanese

国際宇宙ステーションGLIMSミッションにより観測された雷発光とホイスラを用いた電離層F層の電子密度推定
鈴木克徳, 柿沼遠方, 芳原容英, LINSCOTT Ivan, INAN Umran, 佐藤光輝, 高橋幸弘, 牛尾知雄, 河崎善一郎, 森本健志, 山崎敦, 鈴木睦, 日本地球惑星科学連合大会予稿集(Web), 2015, ROMBUNNO.PEM11‐12 (WEB ONLY), 2015
Japanese

ELF波形から推定された雷放電の放電電荷量と極端気象現象との関係
清水千春, 佐藤光輝, 高橋幸弘, 土屋史紀, 本間規泰, 本郷保二, 阿部修司, 吉川顕正, 日本地球惑星科学連合大会予稿集(Web), 2015, ROMBUNNO.MIS29‐07 (WEB ONLY), 2015
Japanese

Relationship between lightning and VHF radiation measured on JEM‐GLIMS
菊池博史, 森本健志, 牛尾知雄, 佐藤光輝, 山崎敦, 鈴木睦, 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告, 114, 381(EMCJ2014 74-83), 53, 56, 12 Dec. 2014
Japanese

O13-03 流星観測衛星S-CUBEのミッション紹介と開発進捗報告(口頭発表セッション13 ダスト・探査I,口頭発表)
石丸 亮, 坂本 祐二, 小林 正規, 郷内 稔也, 藤田 伸哉, 千秋 博紀, 和田 浩二, 石橋 高, 黒澤 耕介, 山田 学, 阿部 新助, 吉田 和哉, 佐藤 光輝, 高橋 幸弘, 松井 孝典, 日本惑星科学会秋期講演会予稿集, 2014, "O13, 03", 10 Sep. 2014
日本惑星科学会, Japanese

P2-31 JUICE搭載多バンド分光カメラ「JANUS」ミッション(ポスターセッション2,ポスター発表)
春山 純一, 高橋 幸弘, 佐藤 光輝, 日本惑星科学会秋期講演会予稿集, 2014, "P2, 31", 10 Sep. 2014
日本惑星科学会, Japanese

Observation of Jovian atmosphere and satellites with JANUS onboard JUICE
Takahashi Yukihiro, Haruyama Jun-ichi, Sato Mitsuteru, Proceedings of the ISAS Lunar and Planetary Symposium, 46, 3p, 05 Aug. 2014
Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA ; [2006]-, Japanese

Observations of discharge phenomena in the Martian atmosphere using electromagnetic and acoustic wave detectors
Sato Mitsuteru, Yamamoto Masayuki, Ishisaka Keigo, Takahashi Yukihiro, Ogohara Kazunori, Kamogawa Masashi, Miyamoto Hideaki, Abe Takumi, 第47回月・惑星シンポジウム = Proceedings of the 47th ISAS Lunar and Planetary Symposium, Aug. 2014
47th ISAS Lunar and Planetary Symposium (August 4-6, 2014. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS), Japanese

JEM‐GLIMSによるTLEsの光学観測―スプライト,エルブス観測例
佐藤光輝, 三原正大, 高橋幸弘, 足立透, 牛尾知尾, 森本健志, 鈴木睦, 山崎敦, 菊池雅行, INAN U, LINSCOTT I, 大気電気学会誌, 8, 1, 37, 18 Apr. 2014
Japanese

国際宇宙ステーションからのVHF帯電磁波を用いた雷放電観測と光学観測結果との比較
菊池博史, 森本健志, 牛尾知雄, 佐藤光輝, 山崎敦, 鈴木睦, 大気電気学会誌, 8, 1, 143, 144, 18 Apr. 2014
Japanese

雷放電の国際宇宙ステーション搭載GLIMSミッション及び地上同時観測による大気圏・電離圏結合に関する研究
柿沼遠方, 芳原容英, 牛尾知雄, 河崎善一郎, 森本健志, 佐藤光輝, 山崎敦, 鈴木睦, 大気電気学会誌, 8, 1, 145, 146, 18 Apr. 2014
Japanese

火星ローバー搭載電磁波・音波計測による火星ダスト環境下放電観測の検討
山本真行, 佐藤光輝, 高橋幸弘, 石坂圭吾, 小郷原一智, 鴨川仁, 宮本英昭, 阿部琢美, 宇宙科学技術連合講演会講演集(CD-ROM), 58th, 2014

P320 衛星光学観測に基づく雷放電特性の導出(ポスターセッション)
足立 透, 佐藤 光輝, 牛尾 知雄, 山崎 敦, 鈴木 睦, 菊池 雅行, 高橋 幸弘, Inan Umran, Linscott Ivan, 芳原 容英, Cohen M. B., Lu G., Cummer S. A., Hsu R. R., Chen A. B., Frey H. U., 大会講演予講集, 105, 296, 296, 2014
日本気象学会, Japanese

国際宇宙ステーションからの雷放電に伴うVHF帯電磁波の観測と周波数特性
菊池博史, 森本健志, 吉田智, 牛尾知雄, 佐藤光輝, 鈴木睦, 日本気象学会大会講演予稿集, 104, 104, 281, 281, 31 Oct. 2013
日本気象学会, Japanese

JEM‐GLIMSによるISSからのVHF帯電磁波観測の初期結果報告
森本健志, 菊池博史, 吉田智, 牛尾知雄, 河崎善一郎, 佐藤光輝, 山崎敦, 鈴木睦, 大気電気学会誌, 7, 2, 91, 92, 25 Oct. 2013
Japanese

Radio observations of lightning discharges with a small satellite and the international space station
KIKUCHI Hiroshi, MORIMOTO Takeshi, YOSHIDA Satoru, USHIO Tomoo, KAWASAKI Zen-Ichiro, SATO Mitsuteru, SUZUKI Makoto, 電気学会研究会資料. EMC, 電磁環境研究会, 2013, 19, 35, 38, 21 Jun. 2013
電子情報通信学会, Japanese

宇宙ステーションからのVHF帯電磁波による雷放電初期観測結果
菊池 博史, 吉田 智, 森本 健志, 牛尾 知雄, 河崎 善一郎, 佐藤 光輝, 鈴木 睦, 大気電気学会誌 = / Society of Atmospheric Electricity of Japan, 7, 1, 89, 90, 26 Apr. 2013
Japanese

B117 関東地方におけるVLF帯雷電磁波観測網の構築と落雷規模の推定(竜巻・雷,口頭発表)
工藤 剛史, 高橋 幸弘, 佐藤 光輝, 岩崎 博之, 長 康平, 大会講演予講集, 104, 78, 78, 2013
日本気象学会, Japanese

B118 JEM-GLIMSによる宇宙からの雷・超高層放電の多波長観測(竜巻・雷,口頭発表)
足立 透, 佐藤 光輝, 牛尾 知雄, 山崎 敦, 鈴木 睦, 菊池 雅行, 高橋 幸弘, Inan Umran, Linscott Ivan, 芳原 容英, 大会講演予講集, 104, 79, 79, 2013
日本気象学会, Japanese

国際宇宙ステーションからの雷放電と高高度発光現象の観測計画―初期観測結果―
佐藤光輝, 牛尾知雄, 森本健志, 足立透, 鈴木睦, 山崎敦, 菊池雅行, 高橋幸弘, INAN Umran, LINSCOTT Ivan, 芳原容英, 大気圏シンポジウム・講演集(Web), 27th, III-4 (WEB ONLY), 2013
Japanese

国際宇宙ステーションからのVHF帯電磁波を用いた雷放電観測
菊池博史, 森本健志, 牛尾知雄, 佐藤光輝, 山崎敦, 鈴木睦, 菊池雅行, 高橋幸弘, 坂本祐二, 地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会総会及び講演会予稿集(CD-ROM), 134th, ROMBUNNO.S001-08, 2013
Japanese

JEM‐GLIMSによる雷・TLEの天底観測:スプライト,エルブス観測例
佐藤光輝, 足立透, 牛尾知雄, 森本健志, 鈴木睦, 山崎敦, 菊池雅行, 高橋幸弘, INAN Umran, LINSCOTT Ivan, 芳原容英, 地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会総会及び講演会予稿集(CD-ROM), 134th, ROMBUNNO.S001-07, 2013
Japanese

国際宇宙ステーションからの雷放電とスプライトの国際共同観測
牛尾 知雄, 森本 健志, 佐藤 光輝, 鈴木 睦, 山崎 敦, 芳原 容英, 菊地 雅行, 高橋 幸弘, INAN Umran, 石田 良平, 坂本 祐二, 吉田 和哉, 阿部 琢美, 河崎 善一郎, 大気電気学会誌 = / Society of Atmospheric Electricity of Japan, 6, 2, 82, 82, 15 Nov. 2012
Japanese

Optical Lightning Detector on board Jovian Orbiter
TAKAHASHI Y, SATO M, FUKUHARA T, KURIHARA J, NAKAJIMA K, Planetary People, 21, 3, 224, 228, 25 Sep. 2012
近年,木星大気の大規模構造を決める力学や,大気組成を決める化学過程を理解する上で,積乱雲や雷放電観測の重要性が指摘されている.しかし,対流強度は雲頂高度など雲本体の観測のみからでは難しい.雷放電発光の強度,頻度,高度の情報はそれを補う優れた指標のひとつであるが,通常のカメラでは時間分解能が不十分で,積乱雲活動の定量的な評価は困難である.ここで提案する雷放電発光検出器"OLD"は,高速撮像・画像処理によって雷放電発光の頻度から対流活動強度を求め,また色情報から高度推定することを可能にする., The Japanese Society for Planetary Sciences, Japanese

金星探査機あかつき:中間赤外カメラの観測結果
福原哲哉, 田口真, 二口将彦, 今村剛, 中村正人, 岩上直幹, 鈴木睦, 上野宗孝, はしもと じょーじ, 佐藤光輝, 日本リモートセンシング学会学術講演会論文集, 52nd, 2012

「あかつき」中間赤外カメラによって観測された金星雲頂温度分布の特徴
田口真, 二口将彦, 福原哲哉, 佐藤光輝, 今村剛, 中村正人, 上野宗孝, 鈴木睦, 岩上直幹, はしもと じょーじ, 大気圏シンポジウム・講演集(Web), 26th, 2012

P391 アジア海洋大陸近傍における雷放電活動とOLRの関係(ポスター・セッション)
三宮 佑介, 高橋 幸弘, 佐藤 光輝, 山下 幸三, 大会講演予講集, 102, 565, 565, 2012
日本気象学会, Japanese

LIR : Longwave Infrared Camera onboard the Venus orbiter Akatsuki
FUKUHARA Tetsuya, TAGUCHI Makoto, IMAMURA Takeshi, NAKAMURA Masato, UENO Munetaka, SUZUKI Makoto, IWAGAMI Naomoto, SATO Mitsuteru, MITSUYAMA Kazuaki, HASHIMOTO George L., OHSHIMA Ryo, KOUYAMA Toru, ANDO Hiroki, FUTAGUCHI Masahiko, EPS : Earth, Planets and Space, 63, 9, 1009, 1018, 01 Sep. 2011
Terra Scientific Pub. Co, English

金星夜面雲頂高度の度温度分布に見られる特徴
二口将彦, 田口真, 福原哲哉, 佐藤光輝, 今村剛, 中村正人, 上野宗孝, 鈴木睦, 岩上直幹, 地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会総会及び講演会予稿集(CD-ROM), 130th, 2011

土星巨大ストームの多波長分光撮像観測
濱本昂, 高橋幸弘, 渡辺誠, 渡部重十, 福原哲哉, 佐藤光輝, 地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会総会及び講演会予稿集(CD-ROM), 130th, 2011

北海道大学1.6m光学赤外望遠鏡のファーストライト観測
渡辺誠, 高橋幸弘, 渡部重十, 佐藤光輝, 福原哲也, 濱本昂, 徂徠和夫, 中尾光, 田中培生, 館内謙, 関口朋彦, 日本天文学会年会講演予稿集, 2011, 2011

北大1.6m新望遠鏡カセグレン焦点に設置された近赤外線分光装置“NICE”
舘内謙, 田中培生, 山室智康, 川端拡信, 高橋英則, 渡部重十, 高橋幸弘, 佐藤光輝, 渡辺誠, 福原哲哉, 濱本昂, 日本天文学会年会講演予稿集, 2011, 2011

可視光マルチスペクトル撮像装置MSIの性能評価
渡辺誠, 高橋幸弘, 渡部重十, 佐藤光輝, 福原哲也, 濱本昂, 日本天文学会年会講演予稿集, 2011, 2011

F1 Development Status and Strategy of JEM-GLIMS Mission : 2nd report: What can Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University do?
ISHIDA Ryohei, SATO Mitsuteru, USHIO Tomoo, SUZUKI Makoto, MORIMOTO Takeshi, SAKAMOTO Yuji, The Proceedings of the Space Engineering Conference, 2010, 0, _F1, 1_-_F1-4_, 2011
In this report, we describe the outline of the GLIMS equipment equipped with the JEM exposed facility and the development of the equipment as an engineer belonging to the department of mechanical engineering of the university. Especially, we developed the equipment by the cooperation of Department of Science and Department of Engineering in the development of this mission equipment without ordering to the specialty company of the space appliance. We describe how the teacher at the university that is involved in mechanical engineering should be related to development so that Department of Science may cooperate with Department of Engineering., The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Japanese

Temporal and spatial variations of pulsating auroras and the MLT dependence obtained from ground-based observations
NISHIYAMA Takanori, SAKANOI Takeshi, MIYOSHI Yoshizumi, KATAOKA Ryuho, ASAMURA Kazushi, SATO Mitsuteru, OKANO Shoichi, 地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会総会及び講演会予稿集(CD−ROM), 130th, ROMBUNNO.B006-P003, 2011
English

Lightning and sprite observation from international space station
Tomoo Ushio, Mitsuteru Sato, Takeshi Morimoto, Makoto Suzuki, Hiroshi Kikuchi, Atsushi Yamazaki, Yukihiro Takahashi, Yasuhide Hobara, Umran Inan, Ivan Linscott, Yuji Sakamoto, Ryohei Ishida, Masavuki Kikuchi, Kazuya Yoshida, Zen Ichiro Kawasaki, IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials, 131, 1, 16, 20, 2011
Lightning and sprite measurement sensors on the International Space Station (ISS) are introduced in this paper. Lightning is an electrical discharge which neutralizes the charge inside thunderstorm. In the early 1990s, optical transient luminous events (TLEs) occurring just above the thunderstorm were firstly reported by the US scientists and are associated with positive cloud-to-ground discharges with a large amount of charge. Though the luminous events so-called sprite, elves and jets have been investigated by numerous researchers all over the world based mainly on the ground observations, some important problems have not been fully understood yet such as generation mechanisms of columniform fine structure and horizontal offset of some sprites from the parent lightning discharges. In the JEM-GLIMS mission, observations from our synchronized sensors are going to shed light on above-mentioned unsolved problems regarding TLEs as well as causative lighting discharges. Our goals are (1) to detect and locate lightning and sprite within storm scale resolution over a large region of the Earth's surface along the orbital track of the ISS without any bias, (2) to clarify the generation mechanism of sprite, and (3) to identify the occurrence conditions of TLEs. © 2011 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan., Book review

Lightning and Sprite Observation from International Space Station
USHIO Tomoo, SATO Mitsuteru, MORIMOTO Takeshi, SUZUKI Makoto, KIKUCHI Hiroshi, YAMAZAKI Atsushi, TAKAHASHI Yukihiro, HOBARA Yasuhide, INAN Umran, ISHIDA Ryohei, KAWASAKI Zen-Ichiro, 電気学会研究会資料. EMC, 電磁環境研究会, 2010, 29, 1, 4, 01 Nov. 2010
Japanese

あかつき搭載中間赤外カメラの性能評価
二口将彦, 田口真, 福原哲哉, 今村剛, 中村正人, 上野宗孝, 岩上直幹, 佐藤光輝, 地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会総会及び講演会予稿集(CD-ROM), 128th, 2010

A209 国際宇宙ステーションからの雷放電と高高度発光現象の観測(GLIMS)(降水システムI,一般口頭発表)
牛尾 知雄, 森本 健志, 佐藤 光輝, 鈴木 睦, 山崎 敦, 芳原 容英, 菊地 雅行, 高橋 幸弘, Inan Umran, 石田 良平, 坂本 祐二, 吉田 和哉, 阿部 琢美, 河崎 善一郎, 大会講演予講集, 97, 52, 52, 2010
日本気象学会, Japanese

1.6m級光学反射望遠鏡を用いた「あかつき」との金星同時観測
福原哲哉, 高橋幸弘, 佐藤光輝, 渡部重十, 渡辺誠, 佐藤創我, 大気圏シンポジウム・講演集(Web), 24th, 2010

北海道大学1.6m光学赤外望遠鏡計画の概要
渡辺誠, 渡部重十, 高橋幸広, 佐藤光輝, 福原哲也, 佐藤創我, 日本天文学会年会講演予稿集, 2010, 2010

E3 Development Status and Strategy of JEM-GLIMS Mission
SATO Mitsuteru, USHIO Tomoo, ISHIDA Ryohei, SUZUKI Makoto, MORIMOTO Takeshi, SAKAMOTO Yuji, The Proceedings of the Space Engineering Conference, 2009, 0, 97, 101, 2010
In order to study the generation mechanism of lightning-associated transient luminous events (TLEs) and the relationship between lightning and TLEs, we will carry out the lightning and TLE observation at Exposed Facility of Japanese Experiment Module (JEM-EF) of International Space Station (ISS). In this mission named JEM-GLIMS (Global Lightning and sprlte MeasurementS on JEM-EF) two kinds of optical instruments and two sets of radio receivers will be integrated into the Multi mission Consolidated Equipment (MCE) which is the bus system and will be installed at JEM-EF finally. For the development of the GLIMS instruments, mechanical FEM analysis and thermal analysis are the important tasks to be performed by the mission team. Science group of the GLIMS mission has contacted to professors who belong to the department of engineering in an university and are an expert of the mechanical and thermal analysis. By their tremendous cooperation, GLIMS mission could pass the numerous reviews. Though many science mission using very small satellite will be planned in near future, strong mutual cooperation between science group and engineering group is important., The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Japanese

Spatiotemporal variations and generation mechanisms of flickering aurora
YAEGASHI Ayumi, SAKANOI Takeshi, KATAOKA Ryuho, ASAMURA Kazushi, KOIWA Aya, SATO Mitsuteru, MIYOSHI Yoshizumi, OKANO Shoichi, 極域科学・宙空圏・気水圏・生物・地学シンポジウム講演予稿集(CD−ROM), 2010, ROMBUNNO.PU01, 2010
English

フリッカリングオーロラの時間空間変動とその発生機構
八重樫あゆみ, 坂野井健, 片岡龍峰, 浅村和史, 佐藤光輝, 岡野章一, 地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会総会及び講演会予稿集(CD−ROM), 128th, ROMBUNNO.B006-51, 2010
Japanese

国際宇宙ステーションからの雷放電・スプライト観測計画 : JEM-GLIMSミッション
佐藤 光輝, 牛尾 知雄, 森本 健志, 高橋 幸弘, INAN Umran, 芳原 容英, 菊池 雅行, 鈴木 睦, 山崎 敦, 阿部 琢美, 吉田 和哉, 坂本 祐二, 奥山 圭一, 石田 良平, 河崎 善一郎, 大気電気学会誌 = / Society of Atmospheric Electricity of Japan, 3, 2, 60, 61, 30 Oct. 2009
Japanese

P315 1.6m光学反射望遠鏡を用いたPLANET-Cとの金星同時観測計画(ポスターセッション3)
福原 哲哉, 高橋 幸弘, 佐藤 光輝, 渡部 重十, 佐藤 創我, 渡邉 誠, 日本惑星科学会秋期講演会予稿集, 2009, 28 Sep. 2009
日本惑星科学会, Japanese

Origin, Evolution, and Diversities of Habitable Planets
KURAMATO Kiyoshi, ABE Yutaka, HASHIMOTO George, HAYASHI Yoshi-Yuki, SEKINE Yasuhito, SATO Mitsuteru, The astronomical herald, 102, 3, 184, 189, 20 Feb. 2009
日本天文学会, Japanese

GLIMSミッションに期待される科学~雷放電~
森本健志, 牛尾知雄, 佐藤光輝, 高橋幸弘, INAN Umran, 芳原容英, 菊池雅行, 鈴木睦, 山崎敦, 阿部琢美, 吉田和哉, 坂本祐二, 奥山圭一, 石田良平, 河崎善一郎, 大気圏シンポジウム・講演集(Web), 23rd, 2009

GLIMSミッションに期待される科学:地球ガンマ線現象
高橋幸弘, 嘉瀬浩美, 牛尾知雄, 森本健志, 佐藤光輝, INAN Umran, 芳原容英, 菊池雅行, 鈴木睦, 山崎敦, 阿部琢美, 吉田和哉, 坂本祐二, 奥山圭一, 石田良平, 河崎善一郎, 大気圏シンポジウム・講演集(Web), 23rd, 2009

JEM-GLIMSミッションの概要
牛尾知雄, 鈴木睦, 佐藤光輝, 森本健志, 高橋幸弘, 芳原容英, 菊池雅行, INAN Umran, 山崎敦, 阿部琢美, 河崎善一郎, 大気圏シンポジウム・講演集(Web), 23rd, 2009

GLIMSミッションに期待される科学:高高度発光現象
佐藤光輝, 牛尾知雄, 森本健志, 高橋幸弘, INAN Umran, 芳原容英, 菊池雅行, 石田良平, 吉田和哉, 坂本祐二, 奥山圭一, 河崎善一郎, 鈴木睦, 山崎敦, 阿部琢美, 大気圏シンポジウム・講演集(Web), 23rd, 2009

The focal surface detector of the JEM-EUSO telescope
Yoshiya Kawasaki, Mario E. Bertaina, Fumiyoshi Kajino, Mitsuteru Sato, Philippe Gorodetzky, 31st International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2009, 01 Jan. 2009
The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on JEM/EF (JEM-EUSO) is a space mission to study extremely high-energy cosmic rays. The JEM-EUSO instrument is a wide-angle refractive telescope in near-ultraviolet wavelength region to observe timeresolved atmospheric fluorescence images of the extensive air showers from the International Space Station. The focal surface is a spherical curved surface, and its area amounts to about 4.5m2. The focal surface detector is covered with over 5,000 multi-anode photomultipliers (MAPMTs). The focal surface detector consists of Photo-Detector-Modules, each of which consists of 9 Elementary Cells (ECs). The EC contains 4 units of MAPMTs. Therefore, about 1,300 ECs or about 150 PDMs are arranged on the whole of the focal surface of JEM-EUSO. The EC is a basic unit of the MAPMT support structure and the front-end electronics. The PDM is a basic unit of the focal surface structure and the data acquisition system.

国際宇宙ステーションISSからの雷観測GLIMS
牛尾 知雄, 森本 健志, 鈴木 睦, 佐藤 光輝, 大気電気学会誌 = / Society of Atmospheric Electricity of Japan, 2, 2, 61, 62, 05 Nov. 2008
Japanese

Very high energy gamma-ray observations of the Galactic Plane with the CANGAROO-III telescopes
M. Ohishi, M. Mori, Y. Adachi, A. Asahara, G. V. Bicknell, R. W. Clay, Y. Doi, P. G. Edwards, R. Enomoto, S. Gunji, S. Hara, T. Hara, T. Hattori, Sei Hayashi, Y. Higashi, Y. Hirai, K. Inoue, C. Itoh, S. Kabuki, F. Kaiino, H. Katagiri, A. Kawachi, T. Kifune, R. Kiuchi, H. Kubo, T. Kurihara, R. Kurosaka, J. Kushida, Y. Matsubara, Y. Miyashita, T. Mizukami, R. Mizuniwa, H. Muraishi, Y. Muraki, T. Naito, T. Nakamori, S. Nakano, T. Nakase, D. Nishida, K. Nishijima, N. Sakamoto, Y. Sakamoto, M. Sato, A. Seki, V. Stamatescu, T. Suzuki, D. L. Swaby, T. Tanimori, H. Tanimura, G. J. Thornton, F. Tokanai, K. Tsuchiya, S. Watanabe, Y. Yamada, T. Yamaoka, E. Yamazaki, S. Yanagita, T. Yoshida, T. Yoshikoshi, Y. Yukawa, ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS, 30, 2, 47, 53, Sep. 2008
In 2004, we searched for very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission from the Galactic Plane using the CANGAROO-III stereoscopic observation system. Two different longitude regions (e = -19 degrees.5 and e = +13 degrees.0) on the Galactic Plane were observed during July and August 2004. We analyzed events that triggered three telescopes aiming to measure the diffuse emission component. No significant signal associated with the Galactic Plane was found from either of the regions. Assuming that the gamma-ray spectrum is described by a single power-law for energies ranging between a few GeV and TeV, lower limits of the power-law spectral indices were found to be 2.2 for both of the regions with a 99.9% confidence level. This result is consistent with the other VHE measurements and constrains a hypothesis in which a very hard (similar to 2.0) cosmic ray electron spectrum was introduced to explain the EGRET GeV anomaly. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, English

Road to the First Star : Venus Orbiter from Japan (4) : Life Test of Stepping Motor for Longwave Infrared Camera and Ultraviolet Imager
FUKUHARA Tetsuya, YAMADA Manabu, SATO Mitsuteru, TAGUCHI Makoto, YAMAZAKI Atsushi, WATANABE Shigeto, Planetary people, 17, 2, 130, 133, 25 Jun. 2008
PLANET-Cに搭載される中間赤外カメラと紫外イメージャは,それぞれシャッタおよびフィルタホイールを駆動するために回転角度の制御が可能なステッピングモータを採用している.これらは宇宙機用の国産品としては最小クラスの新規開発品である.我々はシャッタおよびフィルタホイールの「機構モデル」を製作し,真空中における耐久試験を実施して目標回数の動作を確認した., The Japanese Society for Planetary Sciences, Japanese

P334 One-month variations in OLR and lightning activity related to solar parameter :
Takahashi Yukihiro, Miyahara Hiroko, Sato Mitsuteru, 大会講演予講集, 94, 479, 479, 2008
日本気象学会, English

地上光学・電磁波観測器とＭＵレーダーを用いた雷活動と電離圏擾乱現象の同時観測　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
足立透, 山本衛, 大塚雄一, 高橋幸弘, 佐藤光輝, 京都大学生存圏研究所ＭＵ共同利用成果報告書, 2008

JEM-EUSO mission to attach JEM/EF of ISS
Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, Fumiyoshi Kajino, Motohiko Nagano, Yoshiyuki Takizawa, Yoshiya Kawasaki, Mitsuteru Sato, M. E. Bertaina, Toshiyukj Sawabe, Toru Shibata, Naoto Sakaki, Naoya Inoue, Yukio Uchibori, Energy Budget in the High Energy Universe - Proceedings of the International Workshop, 303, 306, 01 Dec. 2007
JEM-EUSO mission is the science mission to detect extreme energy particles with the energy above lom eV from the orbit. It is attached to Japanese experiment module of International Space Station. The outline of the mission is presented in the present paper. Copyright © 2007 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

24pZK-6 Development of the Signal Acquisition System for the JEM-EUSO project
Oda Masumitsu, Meeting abstracts of the Physical Society of Japan, 62, 2, 117, 117, 21 Aug. 2007
The Physical Society of Japan (JPS), Japanese

JEM-EUSO: Extreme universe space observatory on JEM/ISS
Y. Takizawa, T. Ebisuzaki, Y. Kawasaki, M. Sato, M. E. Bertaina, H. Ohmori, Y. Takahashi, F. Kajino, M. Nagano, N. Sakaki, N. Inoue, H. Ikeda, Y. Arai, Y. Takahashi, T. Murakami, James H. Adams, NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS, 166, 72, 76, Apr. 2007
EUSO is a super-wide field UV telescope to detect Ultra-High Energy Cosmic-Rays (UHECRs) with energy above 10(20) eV. It is attached to the International Space Station (ISS) and observes fluorescence photons emitted by giant air showers produced by UHECR. The three dimensional development of the shower is reconstructed from a series of images of the shower. Phase-A study of EUSO under the European Space Agency (ESA) has successfully finished in July 2004. The phase-B study, however, has been postponed for a long time because of financial problems in ESA and Italy. Then, Japanese and U.S. teams re-defined EUSO as a mission attached to the Japanese Experiment Module/Exposure Facility of ISS. They renamed it as JEM-EUSO and started the preparation targeting the launch in 2012 in the framework of second phase of JEM/EF utilization. The outline of the mission is presented., ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, English

25aSF-2 JEM-EUSO(52) Development of the Front End ASIC for the JEM-EUSO Focal Surface Detector
Sawabe T, Sasaki A, Kajino F, Ikeda H, Kawasaki Y, Takizawa Y, Sato M, Ebisuzaki T, JEM-EUSO Collaboration, Meeting abstracts of the Physical Society of Japan, 62, 1, 92, 92, 28 Feb. 2007
The Physical Society of Japan (JPS), Japanese

Development of the Longwave Infrared Imager(LIR)
福原哲哉, 田口真, 今村剛, 中村正人, 岩上直幹, 上野宗孝, 鈴木睦, 橋本成司, 佐藤光輝, 山崎敦, 野口一秀, 樫川了一, 東野勇, 宇宙科学技術連合講演会講演集(CD-ROM), 51st, 2007

C216 ISUAL及びELFネットワーク観測に基づく落雷及びスプライト発生率の地域季節変動(降水システムII)
吉田 暁洋, 高橋 幸弘, 佐藤 光輝, 足立 透, 近藤 哲志, Hsu Rue-Ron, Su Han-Tzong, Chen Alfred Bing-Chih, Frey H. U., Mende S. B., Lee Lou-Chuang, 大会講演予講集, 92, 221, 221, 2007
日本気象学会, Japanese

Balloon-borne measurement of UV nightglow and clouds for the JEM-EUSO mission
N. Sakaki, Y. Takizawa, Y. Kawasaki, M. Sato, T. Sawabe, M. Nagano, T. Tsunoda, T. Kamioka, K. Hayasaka, M. Kamimura, A. K. Yoshida, T. Shibata, T. Ebisuzaki, K. Inoue, F. Kajino, Y. Takahashi, Y. Saito, K. Yamada, T. Kawasaki, Proceedings of the 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2007, 5, HE PART 2, 965, 968, 2007
Ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) above 100 EeV have been observed with several experiments. Their origin and propagation mechanism are still in mystery mainly due to the low statistics. In order to observe UHECRs with sufficient statistics, the JEM-EUSO mission is going on. In the JEMEUSO mission, fluorescence and ̌Cerenkov light from the extensive air showers induced by UHECRs are observed with a telescope attached to the International Space Station. It is important to study the background (BG) intensity in near UV region (300-400nm) seen from the JEM-EUSO telescope. We launched a balloon at Sanriku Balloon Center of JAXA to investigate the nightglow and the clouds on August 29, 2005. The upward and downward nightglow were measured in the eight near UV bands and the cloud images were recorded with an infrared thermography. In this paper, the detail of the experiment and the results will be reported.

宇宙放射線の荷電粒子成分検出器の開発
内堀幸夫, 北村尚, 大竹奈緒美, 高島健, 梶野文義, 沢辺俊之, 椿智子, 滝澤慶之, 川崎賀也, 佐藤光輝, NIRS-M (National Inst. of Radiological Sciences), 193, 27, 33, Jun. 2006
Japanese

JEM‐EUSO計画
戎崎俊一, 上原嘉宏, 大森整, 川崎賀也, 佐藤光輝, 滝澤慶之, BERTAINA Mario E, 高橋義幸, 梶野文義, 沢辺俊之, 井上覚太, 坂田通徳, 永野元彦, 柴田徹, 榊直人, 井上直也, 内堀幸夫, 高橋幸弘, 新井康夫, 吉田滋, 水本好彦, 井上進, 浅野勝晃, 池田博一, 村上敏夫, 米徳大輔, 伊藤好孝, 長滝重博, 永田真, ADAMS James H, ICRRニュース, 60, 9, 11, 31 May 2006
Japanese

Radiation effect of heavy ion beam on the highly sensitive ultra violet detector to be on board the exposure facility of the International Space Station
梶野文義, 沢辺俊之, 椿智子, 滝澤慶之, 川崎賀也, 佐藤光輝, 内堀幸夫, 北村尚, NIRS-M (National Inst. of Radiological Sciences), 192, 276, 277, May 2006
Japanese

27pWG-3 Development of the High Voltage Power Supply System for the EUSO telescope
Sawabe Toshiyuki, Tsubaki Tomoko, Kajino Fumiyoshi, Uchihori Yukio, Kitamura Hisashi, Takizawa Yoshiyuki, Kawasaki Yoshiya, Sato Mitsuteru, Ebisuzaki Toshikazu, Sato Yesato, Isono Narumi, JEM EUSO Collaboration, Meeting abstracts of the Physical Society of Japan, 61, 1, 91, 91, 04 Mar. 2006
The Physical Society of Japan (JPS), Japanese

A search for sub-TeV gamma rays from the Vela pulsar region with CANGAROO-III
R Enomoto, K Tsuchiya, Y Adachi, S Kabuki, PG Edwards, A Asahara, GV Bicknell, RW Clay, Y Doi, S Gunji, S Hara, T Hara, T Hattori, S Hayashi, Y Higashi, R Inoue, C Itoh, F Kajino, H Katagiri, A Kawachi, S Kawasaki, T Kifune, R Kiuchi, K Konno, LT Ksenofontov, H Kubo, J Kushida, Y Matsubara, Y Mizumoto, M Mori, H Muraishi, Y Muraki, T Naito, T Nakamori, D Nishida, K Nishijima, M Ohishi, Patterson, JR, RJ Protheroe, Y Sakamoto, M Sato, S Suzuki, T Suzuki, DL Swaby, T Tanimori, H Tanimura, GJ Thornton, S Watanabe, T Yamaoka, M Yamazaki, S Yanagita, T Yoshida, T Yoshikoshi, M Yuasa, Y Yukawa, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 638, 1, 397, 408, Feb. 2006
We made stereoscopic observations of the Vela pulsar region with two of the 10 m diameter CANGAROO-III imaging atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes in 2004 January and February in a search for sub-TeV gamma rays from the pulsar and surrounding regions. We describe the observations, provide a detailed account of the calibration methods, and introduce the improved and bias-free analysis techniques employed for CANGAROO-III data. No evidence of gamma-ray emission is found from either the pulsar position or the previously reported position offset by 0.degrees 13, and the resulting upper limits are a factor of 5 less than the previously reported flux from observations with the CANGAROO-I 3.8 m telescope. Following the recent report by the H. E. S. S. group of TeV gamma-ray emission from the pulsar wind nebula, which is similar to 0.degrees 5 south of the pulsar position, we examined this region and found supporting evidence for emission extended over similar to 0.degrees 6., UNIV CHICAGO PRESS, English

13pSC-5 Development of the High Voltage Power Supply System for the EUSO telescope
Sawabe Toshiyuki, Tsubaki Tomoko, Yamazaki Akioko, Kajino Fumiyoshi, Uchihori Yukio, Kitamura Hisashi, Takizawa Yoshiyuki, Kawasaki Kenya, Sato Mitsuteru, Ebesuzaki Toshikazu, Sato Yesato, Isono Narumi, Meeting abstracts of the Physical Society of Japan, 60, 2, 26, 26, 19 Aug. 2005
The Physical Society of Japan (JPS), Japanese

EUSOミッション:雷放電に伴う高高度放電発光現象の観測
佐藤 光輝, 滝澤 慶之, 川崎 賀也, 宇宙科学シンポジウム, 5, 277, 280, 06 Jan. 2005
宇宙科学研究所, Japanese

Multi-channel high voltage power supply system for the focal surface detector of the EUSO telescope
F. Kajino, T. Sawabe, K. Inoue, Y. Kawasaki, Y. Takizawa, M. Sato, T. Ebisuzaki, Y. Uchihori, I. Sato, N. Isono, Proceedings of the 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference Vol 8: HE 1.5, 8, 153, 156, 2005
The focal surface detector of the EUSO telescope consists of a few hundred thousand pixels of photodetectors which are assembled to about 150 photodetector modules (PDM). Multi-channel high voltage power supply (HV PS) system for the MAPMTs used for the detector has been developed. Individual HV PS is installed in each PDM. This system will be used in outer space for 3 years at high altitude of about 420 km. Therefore, various crucial conditions are imposed. Design concept of the HV PS system and some test results are described., TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH, English

Development of elementary cell module for the EUSO focal surface detector
Y. Takizawa, Y. Kawasaki, M. Sato, M. E. Bertaina, T. Ebisuzaki, H. A. Shimizu, T. Sawabe, F. Kajino, I. Sato, H. Takara, N. Isono, M. Ameri, S. Cuneo, F. Fontanelli, V. Gracco, P. Musico, M. Pallavicini, A. Petrolini, M. Sannino, F. Siccardi, A. Thea, Proceedings of the 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference Vol 8: HE 1.5, 8, 213, 216, 2005
The Focal Surface detector of EUSO (Extreme Universe Space Observatory) consists of small autonomous functional units (elementary cell, EC) assembled in larger modules (Photo Detector Modules, PDM). Each EC is conceived as an array of 4 multianode photomultipliers (MAPMTs). We have developed EC structure for the current baseline of the multianode photomultiplier (MAPMT, R8900-M36). As the mechanical characteristics of the PDM structure (e.g. robustness to thermal and launch shocks, vibrations at launch) will affect the EC structure, we have also built a trial PDM, consisting of 36 MAPMTs (9 ECs) arranged in a cartesian layout. The purpose of such trial PDM is to develop and optimize the EC structure., TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH, English

Radiation test for electric parts of EUSO photo detector module
Y. Uchihori, F. Kajino, T. Sawabe, Y. Kawasaki, Y. Takizawa, M. Sato, T. Ebisuzaki, Proceedings of the 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference Vol 8: HE 1.5, 8, 237, 240, 2005
The EUSO telescope will be irradiated with space radiation for 5 years while on a low earth orbit. Many parts of the telescope are of a new design and have no data regarding radiation damage. In order to investigate the effects of radiation damage to the electric parts while in a low earth orbit, photodetector modules (PDM) [1] and glass windows for the Multi-Anode Photo-Multiplier Tubes (MAPMT) in the telescope [2] were irradiated with medium energy (70 MeV) proton beams from an accelerator at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) in Japan. Based on these results, the capability of these parts when exposed to an actual space radiation environment after 5 years can be estimated., TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH, English

Characteristics of multi-anode PhotoMultiplier tube for the EUSO focal surface detector
Y. Kawasaki, M. E. Bertaina, N. Sakaki, M. Sato, H. M. Shimizu, Y. Takizawa, Y. Uchihori, N. Inoue, I. Ohtsu, K. Inoue, T. Sawabe, F. Kajino, Proceedings of the 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference Vol 8: HE 1.5, 8, 165, 168, 2005
The focal surface of the EUSO telescope consists of a few hundred thousand of pixels of photo-detectors and detects air showers as mosaic images. The strongest requirement for the focal surface detector is the maximization of the photon detection efficiency together with the uniformity over the focal surface. We have developed a new type of multi-anode photomultiplier tube (MAPMT). The tatal photon detection efficiency has improved than before by about 2.1 times., TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH, English

P144 日本の冬季スプライトを発生させる雷雲の特徴
足立 透, 福西 浩, 高橋 幸弘, 佐藤 光輝, 大久保 敦史, 大会講演予講集, 85, 266, 266, 2004
日本気象学会, Japanese

日本に発生する冬季スプライトと雷雲に関する研究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
足立透, 福西浩, 高橋幸弘, 佐藤光輝, 第１８回大気圏シンポジウム原稿集, 2004

Electrical discharges between thunderclouds and the ionosphere
Takahashi Y., Sato M., Hiraki Y., Tohoku Univ sprites research group, Meeting abstracts of the Physical Society of Japan, 58, 2, 134, 134, 15 Aug. 2003
The Physical Society of Japan (JPS), Japanese

P323 日本における冬季スプライトと雷・雷雲の関係
足立 透, 福西 浩, 高橋 幸弘, 佐藤 光輝, 大久保 敦史, 大会講演予講集, 84, 402, 402, 2003
日本気象学会, Japanese

P348 ELF帯磁場波形データから推定されるスプライトの全球発生頻度分布
佐藤 光輝, 福西 浩, 高橋 幸弘, 大会講演予講集, 83, 419, 419, 2003
日本気象学会, Japanese

UPPER ATMOSPHERE PHYSICS DATA OBTAINED AT SYOWA STATION IN 2000
Yasuo KATO, Nobuaki SHIGENO, Mitsuteru SATO, Tsukasa KITAHARA, Atsushi ABE, Masayuki KIKUCHI, Akira KADOKURA, Makoto TAGUCHI, JARE data reports. Upper atmosphere physics = JARE data reports. Upper atmosphere physics, 20, 1, 17, Nov. 2001
English

地球惑星科学入門 第2版　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
在田 一則, 竹下 徹, 見延 庄士郎, 渡部 重十, 第34章 太陽と宇宙空間
北海道大学出版会, Mar. 2015, [Joint work]

地球惑星科学入門　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
在田 一則, 竹下 徹, 見延 庄士郎, 渡部 重十, 第34章 太陽と宇宙空間
北海道大学出版会, Oct. 2010, [Joint work]

Evaluation of Short-Term Prediction of Typhoon Intensity Development Using Lightning Data　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Mitsuteru SATO, Y. Takahashi, H. Kubota
JpGU 2023 Meeting, 22 May 2023, English, Oral presentation
21 May 2023 - 26 May 2023

Relation between Lightning Activities and the Intensity Development of Western North Pacific Typhoons　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Mitsuteru SATO, Y. Takahashi, H. Kubota, Glenn Vincen, C. Lopez
AGU Fall Meeting 2022, 12 Dec. 2022, English, Oral presentation
12 Dec. 2022 - 16 Dec. 2022

Lightning Activities in Typhoon Clouds and Their Relation to the Typhoon Intensity Development　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Mitsuteru SATO, Y. Takahashi, H. Kubota, Glenn Vincen, C. Lopez
AOGS 2022 Meeting, 03 Aug. 2022, English, Oral presentation
01 Aug. 2022 - 05 Aug. 2022

Extreme weather monitoring system using microsatellite and ground observation network in Asia　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Mitsuteru Sato, Yukihiro Takahashi, Meryl Regine Algodon, Hisayuki Kubota
JpGU 2022 Meeting, 01 Jun. 2022, English, Poster presentation
29 May 2022 - 03 Jun. 2022

Electrical Properties of Volcanic Lightning at Sakurajima　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Mitsuteru SATO, Yosuke Fujii, Yukihiro Takahashi
JpGU 2022 Meeting, 01 Jun. 2022, English, Poster presentation
29 May 2022 - 03 Jun. 2022

Time variation of the lightning activities in typhoon clouds and its relation to the typhoon intensity development　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Mitsuteru SATO, Y. Takahashi, H. Kubota, Glenn Vincen, C. Lopez
JpGU 2022 Meeting, 24 May 2022, English
22 May 2022 - 27 May 2022

Relation between Intensity Development of Western North Pacific Typhoons and Lightning Activities　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Mitsuteru Sato, Yukihiro Takahashi, Hisayuki Kubota, Glenn Vincent Lopez
AGU Fall Meeting 2021, 13 Dec. 2021, English, Poster presentation
13 Dec. 2021 - 17 Dec. 2021

Relation between lightning activities measured by the V-POTEKA network and typhoon intensity development　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Mitsuteru SATO, Yukihiro Takahashi, Hisayuki Kubota, Glenn Vincen, C. Lopez
150th SGEPSS Meeting, 03 Nov. 2021, Japanese, Oral presentation
31 Oct. 2021 - 04 Nov. 2021

Lightning Activity in Western North Pacific Measured by the V-POTEKA Network and Its Relation to Typhoon Intensity　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Mitsuteru Sato, Yukihiro Takahashi, Hisayuki Kubota, Glenn Vincent, C. Lopez
JpGU2021, 05 Jun. 2021, English, Poster presentation

Effects of Solar Proton Event on Global Lightning Activity　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Mitsuteru Sato, Ryuho Kataoka
JpGU2021, 05 Jun. 2021, English, Poster presentation

Quasi-Real Time Monitoring of Lightning and Weather in the Philippines and Western North Pacific for the Severe Weather Intensity Prediction　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Mitsuteru Sato, Yukihiro Takahashi, Hisayuki Kubota, Akira Noda, Junichi Hamada, Glenn Vincent, C. Lopez
EGU General Assembly 2021, 29 Apr. 2021, English, Poster presentation

1-100Hz帯ELF波動の長期観測による全球雷活動と地球下層・超高層大気との相互作用の監視　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Mitsuteru Sato
南極における宙空圏研究・観測の将来構想に関する研究集会, 17 Feb. 2021, Japanese, Oral presentation

昭和基地で取得した 1-100Hz帯ELF磁場波形 データの共有と可視化　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Mitsuteru SATO
極域データの保全・公開と利活用に関する研究集会, 15 Jan. 2021, Japanese, Oral presentation

ULAT Project : Quasi-Real Time Monitoring of Lightning and Weather in the Philippines and Western North Pacific　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Mitsuteru Sato, Yukihiro Takahashi, Hisayuki Kubota, Loren Joy Estrebillo, Shunsuke Niwa, Purwadi, Glenn Vincent, C. Lopez
AGU Fall Meeting 2020, 07 Dec. 2020, English, Poster presentation

Science objectives of continuous Venusian lightning observations from Lagrange points　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Mitsuteru Sato, Yukihiro Takahashi, Masataka Imai, Toru Kouyama, Ryoma Yamashiro, Hideo Sagawa, Takao M. Sato, Atsushi Yamazaki, Masato Nakamura, Takehiko Satoh, Tetsuya Fukuhara, Makoto Taguchi, Jun-ichi Nakatsuka, Nobuaki Ishii, Chikako Hirose
ISAS Planetary Exploration Workshop 2020, 10 Sep. 2020, English, Oral presentation

Implementation of the ULAT project : Quasi-real time monitoring of lightning and weather in the Philippines　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, G. Lopez, Y. Takahashi, H. Kubota
JpGU2020, 15 Jul. 2020, English, Poster presentation
12 Jul. 2020 - 16 Jul. 2020

Relation between lightning activities measured by the V-POTEKA network and intensity development of western north Pacific typhoons　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, Y. Takahashi, H. Kubota, K. Yamashita, J. Hamada, J.J. Marciano
JpGU2020, 15 Jul. 2020, English, Poster presentation
12 Jul. 2020 - 16 Jul. 2020

Relation between lightning activities measured by the V-POTEKA network and intensity development of 2018 Pacific typhoons　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, Y. Takahashi, H. Kubota, K. Yamashita, J. Hamada, S. Niwa, L.J. Estrebillo, Purwadi
AGU Fall Meeting 2019, 09 Dec. 2019, English, Poster presentation

Global lightning activity and its relation to the atmospheric variability measured by ELF observations at Syowa station　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, A. Kadokura, A.S. Yukimatu
The Tenth Symposium on Polar Science, 03 Dec. 2019, English, Poster presentation

Relation between Lightning Activities Measured by the V-POTEKA Network and Intensity Development of 2018 Pacific Typhoons　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, Y. Takahashi, H. Kubota, K. Yamashita, J. Hamada, J.J. Marciano
SGEPSS 146th Meeting, Oct. 2019, Japanese, Oral presentation
[Domestic Conference]

昭和基地1-100Hz帯ELF磁場波形データの共有と可視化　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Mitsuteru Sato
極域のオープンデータ・オープンサイエンスに関する研究集会-II, 27 Aug. 2019, Japanese, Oral presentation

Prediction of the typhoon intensity development by monitoring lightning activity　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, Y. Takahashi, H. Kubota, K. Yamashita, J. Hamada, J.J. Marciano
Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS) 16th Annual Meeting, Aug. 2019, English, Invited oral presentation
[Invited], [International presentation]

Relation between lightning and typhoon activities (Typhoon YAGI) in the western Pacific rsegion　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, Y. Takahashi, H. Kubota, K. Yamashita, J. Hamada, J.J. Marciano
JpGU 2019 Meeting, May 2019, English, Oral presentation
[International presentation]

Relation between lightning and typhoon activities (typhoon LAN) in the western Pacific region　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, Y. Takahashi, H. Kubota, K. Yamashita, J. Hamada, J.J. Marciano
EGU General Assembly 2019, Apr. 2019, English, Poster presentation
[International presentation]

Relation between lightning and typhoon activities in the western Pacific region　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, Y. Takahashi, H. Kubota, K. Yamashita, J. Hamada, E. Momota, J.J. Marciano
AGU Fall Meeting 2018, Dec. 2018, English, Poster presentation
[International presentation]

Relation between Typhoon Intensity and Lightning Activity Measured by the V-POTEKA Network　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, Y. Takahashi, K. Yamashita, H. Kubota, J. Hamada, J. Hamada, J.J. Marciano
SGEPSS 144th Meeting, Nov. 2018, Japanese, Oral presentation
[Domestic Conference]

Future Lightning Observation from Spacecraft for the Identification of Planetary Atmospheric Convection Structure　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, Y. Takahashi, J, Haruyama, M. Imai
The Meteorological Society of Japan 2018 Meeting, Oct. 2018, Japanese, Oral presentation
[Domestic Conference]

Introduction of Hokkaido University and Research Activities in Department of Cosmosciences　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
SATO Mitsuteru
1st International conference on Applied Science, Engineering and Interdisciplinary Studies 2018, Jul. 2018, English, Keynote oral presentation
[Invited], [International presentation]

Development of lightning observation network in the western Pacific region for the intensity prediction of severe weather and tropical cyclone　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, Y. Takahashi, H. Kubota, K. Yamashita, J. Hamada, J.J. Marciano
16th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity (ICAE), Jun. 2018, English, Poster presentation
[International presentation]

ULAT project: Lightning observations in the Philippines and western Pacific region for the intensity prediction of severe weather　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, Y. Takahashi, H. Kubota, K. Yamashita, J. Hamada, J.J. Marciano
Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS) 15th Annual Meeting, Jun. 2018, English, Invited oral presentation
[Invited], [International presentation]

Lightning observations in the Philippines and western Pacific region for the intensity prediction of severe weather　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, Y. Takahashi, H. Kubota, K. Yamashita, J. Hamada, J.J. Marciano
JpGU 2018, May 2018, English, Oral presentation
[Domestic Conference]

ULAT project: Lightning observations in the Philippines for the intensity prediction of severe weather　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, Y. Takahashi, K. Yamashita, H. Kubota, J. Hamada, J.J. Marciano
EGU General Assembly 2018, 11 Apr. 2018, English, Poster presentation
[International presentation]

宇宙空間からの雷放電光学・電波観測　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
佐藤 光輝
「雷雲と宇宙線の相互作用に伴う高エネルギー現象」研究会, 03 Mar. 2018, Japanese, Oral presentation
[Domestic Conference]

Development of lightning observation network in the western Pacific region for the intensity prediction of severe weather　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, Y. Takahashi, K. Yamashita, H. Kubota, J. Hamada, E. Momota, J.J. Marciano
AGU Fall Meeting 2017, Dec. 2017, English, Poster presentation
[International presentation]

Construction of Lightning Observation Network in Asian Countries for the Intensity Development Prediction of Severe Weather　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Mitsuteru SATO, Yukihiro Takahashi, Kozo Yamashita, Hisayuki Kubota, Junichi Hamada, Eriko Momota, Joel Marciano
142nd SGEPSS meeting, Oct. 2017, Japanese, Oral presentation
[Domestic Conference]

Optical and electromagnetic characteristics of lightning and TLEs derived from the JEM-GLIMS nadir observations　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, H. Kikuchi, T. Ushio, T. Adachi, T. Sato, T. Morimoto, M. Suzuki, A. Yamazaki, Y. Takahashi
32nd URSI General Assembly & Scientific Symposium, Aug. 2017, English, Invited oral presentation
[Invited], [International presentation]

Deployment Plan of ELF observation system in Asian countries to monitor severe weather development　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, Y. Takahashi, H. Kubota, C. Shimizu
JpGU-AGU Meeting 2017, May 2017, English, Poster presentation
[Domestic Conference]

Operation of lightning detection network and micro-satellites for nowcast of thunderstorm and tropical cyclone activities　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, Y. Takahashi, H. Kubota, E. Momota, J. Marciano
EGU General Assembly 2017, Apr. 2017, English, Poster presentation
[International presentation]

北海道大学における地球惑星観測装置群の現状と課題　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
佐藤光輝
名古屋大学宇宙地球環境研究所 研究集会「太陽地球系科学に於ける地上観測の現状と課題」, Mar. 2017, Japanese, Oral presentation
[Domestic Conference]

Global occurrence rates and their LT/monthly/seasonal variations of lightning, elves, and sprites derived from JEM-GLIMS observations　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, T. Sato, T. Adachi, T. Ushio, T. Morimoto, M. Suzuki, A. Yamazaki, Y. Takahashi
AGU Fall Meeting 2016, Dec. 2016, English, Poster presentation
[International presentation]

Simulation of electron density inhomogeneity induced by sprite-producing lightning discharges　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Mitsuteru SATO, Yasutaka Hiraki, Toru Adachi, Tomoo Ushio, Takeshi Morimoto, Hiroshi Kikuchi, Makoto Suzuki, Atsushi Yamazaki, Yukihiro Takahashi
140th SGEPSS meeting, Nov. 2016, Japanese, Poster presentation
[Domestic Conference]

Global occurrence rates of lightning, sprites, and elves and their LT dependences derived from JEM-GLIMS nadir observations　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, T. Sato, T. Adachi, T. Ushio, T. Morimoto, H. Kikuchi, M. Suzuki, A. Yamazaki, Y. Takahashi, U. Inan, I. Linscott, Y. Hobara
Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS) 12th Annual Meeting, Aug. 2016, English, Invited oral presentation
[Invited], [International presentation]

Future observations of lightning-exciting ELF waves in Asian region for the nowcasting of severe weather development　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, C. Shimizu, F. Tsuchiya, N. Honma, Y. Hongo, Y. Takahashi
JpGU Meeting 2016, May 2016, English, Oral presentation
[Domestic Conference]

Horizontal Distributions of Sprites and the Relation to Parent Lightning Discharges Derived from JEM-GLIMS Nadir Observations　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Mitsuteru Sato, Toru Adachi, Tsuyoshi Sato, Tomoo Ushio, Takeshi Morimoto, Makoto Suzuki, Atsushi Yamazaki, Yukihiro Takahashi
JpGU Meeting 2016, May 2016, English, Oral presentation
[Domestic Conference]

Results from the GLIMS mission　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Mitsuteru Sato
TEA-IS 2015 Workshop, Apr. 2016, English, Invited oral presentation
[Invited], [International presentation]

JEM-GLIMSによる3年間の雷放電・高高度放電発光現象観測結果　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
佐藤光輝, 牛尾知雄, 森本健志, 佐藤剛志, 足立透, 菊池博史, 鈴木睦, 山崎敦, 高橋幸弘, Umran Inan, Ivan Linscott, 芳原容英
第16回宇宙科学シンポジウム, Jan. 2016, Japanese, Poster presentation
[Domestic Conference]

An overview of three-year JEM-GLIMS nadir observations of lightning and TLEs　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, T. Ushio, T. Morimoto, T. Sato, T. Adachi, H. Kikuchi, M. Suzuki, A. Yamazaki, Y. Takahashi, U. Inan, I. Linscott, Y. Hobara
AGU Fall Meeting 2015, Dec. 2015, English, Invited oral presentation
[Invited], [International presentation]

JEM-GLIMSによる3年間の雷放電・高高度 放電発光現象の観測成果　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
佐藤光輝, 牛尾知雄, 森本健志, 足立透, 菊池博史, 鈴木睦, 山崎敦, 高橋幸弘, Ivan Linscott, Umran Inan, 芳原容英
第138回地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会, Oct. 2015, Japanese, Oral presentation
[Domestic Conference]

全球雷活動の周期的変動と地球気候変動および太陽活動との関係　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
佐藤光輝, 高橋幸弘, 鴨川仁
第138回地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会, Oct. 2015, Japanese, Poster presentation
[Domestic Conference]

電磁波・大気電場観測が明らかにする全球雷活動と大気変動　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
佐藤光輝, 鴨川仁, 高橋幸弘, 源泰拓, 門倉昭
第7回極域観測シンポジウム, Sep. 2015, Japanese, Poster presentation
[Domestic Conference]

2.5-years of observations of lightning and TLEs by JEM-GLIMS from the ISS　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, T. Ushio, T. Morimoto, M. Mihara, T. Sato, C. Shimizu, T. Adachi, H. Kikuchi, M. Suzuki, A. Yamazaki, Y. Takahashi
Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS) 12th Annual Meeting, Aug. 2015, English, Invited oral presentation
[Invited], [International presentation]

2.5-years of observations of lightning and TLEs by JEM-GLIMS　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, T. Ushio, T. Morimoto, M. Mihara, T. Sato, C. Shimizu, T. Adachi, H. Kikuchi, M. Suzuki, A. Yamazaki, Y. Takahashi
26th IUGG General Assembly 2015, Jun. 2015, English, Oral presentation
[International presentation]

静止軌道からの雷放電観測の重要性　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
佐藤光輝, 牛尾知雄, 足立透, 鈴木睦
日本地球惑星科学連合2015年大会, May 2015, English, Oral presentation
[Domestic Conference]

JEM-GLIMS光学観測データから推定した雷放電・TLEsの全球発生頻度分布　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
佐藤光輝, 佐藤剛志, 三原正大, 清水千春, 足立透, 牛尾知雄, 森本健志, 鈴木睦, 山崎敦, 高橋幸弘
日本地球惑星科学連合2015年大会, May 2015, Japanese, Oral presentation
[Domestic Conference]

Relation between sprite distribution and source locations of VHF pulses derived from JEM-GLIMS measurements　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Sato, M, M. Mihara, T. Ushio, T. Morimoto, H. Kikuchi, T. Adachi, M. Suzuki, A. Yamazaki, Y. Takahashi
EGU General Assembly 2015, Apr. 2015, English, Invited oral presentation
[Invited], [International presentation]

May 2018 - Present
The Meteorological Society of Japan　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Apr. 2013 - Present
European Geosciences Union　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Jan. 2011 - Present
Society of Atmospheric Electricity of Japan　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Dec. 1996 - Present
American Geophysical Union　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Oct. 1996 - Present
SGEPSS　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Identification of UV absorbers and derivation of solar heating rate as driving sources of atmospheric circulation of Venus
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
Apr. 2021 - Mar. 2026
田口 真, 高橋 幸弘, 佐藤 光輝, 中野 壽彦, 莊司 泰弘, 今井 正尭
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Rikkyo University, Coinvestigator, 21H04522

Precise monitoring and prediction of typhoon based on high resolution 3D cloud imaging and lightning observation
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Pioneering)
Jul. 2021 - Mar. 2025
高橋幸弘, 佐藤光輝, 久保田尚之
本研究では、超小型衛星と雷放電測網を組み合わせた、これまでに例のない超高精度の台風監視と予測を行うための観測システムを低コストで実現する手段に見通しをつけることを目的としている。2021年度は、RISESAT衛星およびDIWATA-2衛星の2機の50kg級超小型衛星を運用して、延べ12回のオンディマンド運用のキャンペーン観測を実施し、そのうち台風本体の観測は5回行った。また、過去の航空機および超小型衛星による3D観測の詳細な解析を進め、それらをひまわり8号の熱赤外線観測から推定した雲頂高度分布と比較し、一致しないことを確認した。これにより、大気のスケールハイトの水平分布を推定し、鉛直対流分布の手がかりを得るという手法に見通しが立った。雷放電観測では、既設の地上観測システムのデータに基づき、台風の発生時および発達期の活動を調査し、フィリピン近海で発生する場合は、著しい雷放電活動が先行することを発見した。
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Pioneering), Hokkaido University, Coinvestigator, 21K18177

Spatiotemporal variation of planetary lightning activities measured by ground-based telescope and spacecrafts and its relation to atmospheric circulations
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
Apr. 2020 - Mar. 2024
佐藤 光輝, 高木 聖子, 杉山 耕一朗, 今井 正尭
太陽系の金星および木星に焦点をあて、両惑星の雷放電を観測する惑星雷放電発光検出装置（PLD）を新規開発し、北海道大学附属天文台光学望遠鏡（ピリカ）に搭載する。ピリカ望遠鏡を専有することで長期連続観測を実現し、(1)両惑星での雷活動の時間・空間変動を特定する、(2)金星における雷放電発生の可能性に決着をつけ、金星探査機あかつきとの同時観測から雷放電発生点の雲対流構造を特定する、(3)木星大気雲解像モデルの数値計算と観測結果との比較から、木星雷雲の鉛直・水平対流の結合過程を検証する、これらを目的とする。
2021年度はPLDの設計を進め、2020年度で未購入であった必要部品の選定と購入を行うとともに、設計変更に応じた部品等の調達を適宜行った。本年度は筐体の最終組み上げを行い、機能・性能試験とピリカ望遠鏡に搭載しての試験観測を実施する予定であったが、新型コロナウイルスによって研究活動が大幅に制限されたため、前年度に引き続きこれらを実施することができなかった。同時に、海外の学会に参加して本研究計画の紹介や、海外研究者と連携した共同研究の計画を企画する予定であったが、参加予定にしていた全ての国際学会の開催がオンライン形式となり、有益な成果を残すことができなかった。また、調達物品に関しても、世界的な半導体不足の影響を受けて納期が間に合わない等の事態が度々発生した。これらの点から、全体的に進捗は計画よりもやや遅れ気味である。
2022年度は、遅れを取りもどずべく、PLDの機能・性能試験とピリカ望遠鏡に搭載しての試験観測を早期に実施することを目標とする。
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University, Principal investigator, 20H01954

Development of Extreme Weather Monitoring and Information Sharing System in the Philippines　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
SATREPS
Jun. 2016 - Mar. 2022
TAKAHASHI Yukihiro
JICA, JST, Competitive research funding

Let's monitor thunderstorm activity in Southeast Asia using hand-made radio receiver　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
hirameki☆tokimeki science
Apr. 2019 - Oct. 2020
TAKAHASHI Yukihiro
JSPS, Competitive research funding

Identification of Generation/Driving Mechanisms of Upper-Atmospheric Discharges and Global Electric Circuit Using Satellite Data and Numerical Simulation　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
科学研究費補助金・基盤研究(B)(一般)
Apr. 2016 - Mar. 2019
SATO Mitsuteru
JSPS, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding

Monitoring and Prediction of Extreme Weather Using Lightning Detection Network and Micro-Satellites　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
e-ASIA Program
2015 - 2018
TAKAHASHI Yukihiro
JSPS, Competitive research funding

Identification of the Occurrence Conditions and Mechanisms of Transient Luminous Events from Space- and Ground-Based Observations　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
Apr. 2012 - Mar. 2016
SATO Mitsuteru
JSPS, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding

Observation of Thunderstorm Electrical Structure and Modeling　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
Apr. 2010 - Mar. 2013
USHIO Tomoo
JSPS, Competitive research funding

Detailed Design of Electronics Circuit of Photometer Flight Model onboard TARANIS satellite　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
国際共同ミッション推進研究
Jan. 2012 - Mar. 2012
SATO Mitsuteru
ISAS, JAXA, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding

小型衛星による宇宙空間からのスプライト・地球ガンマ線観測と発生機構の解明　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
総長室重点配分経費
Apr. 2008 - Mar. 2009
佐藤光輝
北海道大学, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding

マイクロサテライトが拓くスプライト及び雷放電逃走電子の科学　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
Apr. 2005 - Mar. 2009
TAKAHASHI Yukihiro
JSPS, Competitive research funding

Investigations on TLEs and TGFs using micro-satellite and ground observation network
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
2007 - 2009
TAKAHASHI Yukihiro, YOSHIDA Kazuya, SAKAMOTO Yuji, SAKANOI Takeshi, FUJIWARA Hitoshi, MURATA Isao, MITANI Takefumi, NAKAZAWA Kazuhiro, TAKASHIMA Takeshi, TSUCHIYA Fuminori, OHYA Hiroyo, KAMOGAWA Masashi, SATO Mitrsuteru, ADACHI Toru
In order to investigate TLEs, TGFs, global lightning activities, and their effects on the atmosphere/ionosphere/magnetosphere, university microsatellite, named SPRITE-SAT (RISING) was developed successfully and launched in January 2009. Ground-based lightning observation networks using ELF and VLF radio wave were also developed and operated. Based on the data obtained by the ground-based instruments and previously launched satellites, various kinds of data analysis have been carried out, which contribute to the understanding of basic mechanisms of TLEs/TGFs, global lightning activity and their quantitative effects.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research, 19002002

Development of Photometers onboard TARANIS Satellite　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
国際共同ミッション推進研究
Apr. 2007 - Mar. 2008
SATO Mitsuteru
ISAS, JAXA, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding

高高度雷放電および地球ガンマ線観測用小型フィルタフォトメータの開発　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
国際共同ミッション推進研究
Apr. 2006 - Mar. 2007
佐藤光輝
ISAS, JAXA, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding

宇宙空間からの超高層雷放電観測にむけた広視野望遠鏡検出器制御システムの開発　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)
Apr. 2005 - Mar. 2007
SATO Mitsuteru
JSPS, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding

Lightning-strike Electric Charge Estimation System and Method　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Patent right, Honma N, Y. Hongo, Y. Takahashi, M. Sato, F. Tsuchiya, D. Tsurushima
13855352.4, 14 Nov. 2013
2921887
04 Jul. 2018

落雷の電荷量推定システム、落雷の電荷量推定方法、及び、プログラム　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Patent right, 本間規泰, 本郷保二, 高橋幸弘, 佐藤光輝, 土屋史紀, 鶴島大樹
特願2014-547040, 14 Nov. 2013
特許第6067741号
06 Jan. 2017