2008年, 日本機械学会賞（論文）　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
日本国

2004年, 2003年度日本機械学会バイオエンジニアリング部門第12回瀬口賞　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
日本国

2004年, 日本エム・イー学会第18回日本エム・イー学会秋季大会研究奨励賞　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
日本国

2002年, Outstanding Paper Award at the International Congress on Biological and Medical Engineering　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

2002年, Finalist for a Calgary Award at the IV World Congress of Biomechanics　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

2002年, 日本エム・イー学会平成13年度科学新聞賞・研究奨励賞・阪本研究刊行助成賞・阿部賞　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
日本国

2001年, Award for Best Poster in the Category Cell and Molecular Mechanics　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
日本国

2000年, Outstanding paper award　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
日本国

2000年, 日本機械学会賞（論文）　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
日本国

A Review of Fabrication and Applications of Confined Microchannels for Cell Migration Assay
Mazlee Bin Mazalan, Ryota Toyohara, Toshiro Ohashi
International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 25, 7, 1525, 1538, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024年05月27日
研究論文（学術雑誌）

A literature review of biomechanical studies on physiological and pathological sacroiliac joints: Articular surface structure, joint motion, dysfunction and treatments
Ryota Toyohara, Toshiro Ohashi
Clinical Biomechanics, 114, 106233, 106233, Elsevier BV, 2024年04月
研究論文（学術雑誌）

In silico analysis on sacroiliac joint fixation during normal walking
Ryota TOYOHARA, Daisuke KUROSAWA, Niels HAMMER, Toshiro OHASHI
Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024年
研究論文（学術雑誌）

Experimental characterization of motion resistance of the sacroiliac joint.
Ryota Toyohara, Niels Hammer, Toshiro Ohashi
Bio-medical materials and engineering, 2023年07月31日, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, BACKGROUND: The human sacroiliac joint (SIJ) in vivo is exposed to compressive and shearing stress environment, given the joint lines are almost parallel to the direction of gravity. The SIJ supports efficient bipedal walking. Unexpected or unphysiological, repeated impacts are believed to cause joint misalignment and result in SIJ pain. In the anterior compartment of the SIJ being synovial, the articular surface presents fine irregularities, potentially restricting the motion of the joints. OBJECTIVE: To clarify how the SIJ articular surface affects the resistance of the motion under physiological loading. METHODS: SIJ surface models were created based on computed tomography data of three patients and subsequently 3D printed. Shear resistance was measured in four directions and three combined positions using a customized setup. In addition, repositionability of SIJs was investigated by unloading a shear force. RESULTS: Shear resistance of the SIJ was the highest in the inferior direction. It changed depending on the direction of the shear and the alignment position of the articular surface. CONCLUSION: SIJ articular surface morphology is likely designed to accommodate upright bipedal walking. Joint misalignment may in consequence increase the risk of subluxation.

Effect of width of microchannel device on behavior of collective cell migration
Mohamad Anis Bin RAMLAN, Ryota TOYOHARA, Toshiro OHASHI
Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, 18, 4, 23, 00536, Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023年
研究論文（学術雑誌）

Numerical analysis of the effects of padded pelvic belts as a treatment for sacroiliac joint dysfunction.
Ryota Toyohara, Takahiro Hiramukai, Daisuke Kurosawa, Niels Hammer, Toshiro Ohashi
Bio-medical materials and engineering, 2022年12月08日, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, BACKGROUND: Pain related to the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) accounts for low back pain in 15%-30% of patients. One of the most common treatment options is the use of pelvic belts. Various types of pelvic belts exist; however, the mechanisms underlying treatment and their effectiveness remain unclear to date. OBJECTIVE: To analyze stress distribution in the pelvis when a pelvic rubber belt or a padded pelvic belt is applied, to assess the effectiveness of treatment from a numerical biomechanical perspective. METHODS: The pressure distribution at the pelvic belts was measured using a device and subsequently modeled with the finite element method of a pelvis with soft tissues. The stress environment when wearing a pelvic belt in a double-leg stance was simulated. RESULTS: With the application of pelvic belts, the innominate bone rotated outward, which was termed an out-flare. This caused the SIJ to compress and cause reduction in sacrotuberous, sacrospinous, interosseous, and posterior sacroiliac ligament loading. Padded pelvic belts decreased the SIJ displacement to a greater extent than in pelvic rubber belts. CONCLUSION: Pelvic belts aid in compressing the SIJ and reduce its mobility.

A patient-cohort study of numerical analysis on sacroiliac joint stress distribution in pre- and post-operative hip dysplasia
Ryota Toyohara, Ayumi Kaneuji, Noriyuki Takano, Daisuke Kurosawa, Niels Hammer, Toshiro Ohashi
Scientific Reports, 12, 1, 14500, 14500, 2022年08月25日, ［査読有り］, ［最終著者］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, In acetabular dysplasia, the cartilaginous roof on the acetabular side does not fully cover the femoral head, which may lead to abnormal stress distribution in both the femoral head and pelvis. These stress changes may have implications to the adjacent sacroiliac joint (SIJ). The SIJ has a minimal range of motion and is closely coupled to the adjacent spine and pelvis. In consequence, the SIJ may react sensitively to changes in stress distribution at the acetabulum, with hypermobility-induced pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the stress distribution of the SIJ in acetabular dysplasia, and to gain insight into the cause and mechanisms of hypermobility-induced pain at the SIJ. Finite element models of pre- and postoperative pelves of four patients with acetabular dysplasia were created and analyzed in double leg standing positions. The preoperative models were relatively inflare, the sacral nutation movement, SIJ cartilage equivalent stress, and the load on the surrounding ligaments decreased with increased posterior acetabular coverage. Acetabular morphology was shown to affect the SIJ, and improvement of the posterior acetabular coverage may help normalize load transmission of the pelvis and thus improve the stress environment of the SIJ in acetabular dysplasia.

Reduction of Cardiac Fibrosis by Interference With YAP-Dependent Transactivation
Gloria Garoffolo, Manuel Casaburo, Francesco Amadeo, Massimo Salvi, Giacomo Bernava, Luca Piacentini, Isotta Chimenti, Germana Zaccagnini, Gesmi Milcovich, Estella Zuccolo, Marco Agrifoglio, Sara Ragazzini, Otgon Baasansuren, Claudia Cozzolino, Mattia Chiesa, Silvia Ferrari, Dario Carbonaro, Rosaria Santoro, Martina Manzoni, Loredana Casalis, Angela Raucci, Filippo Molinari, Lorenzo Menicanti, Francesca Pagano, Toshiro Ohashi, Fabio Martelli, Diana Massai, Gualtiero I. Colombo, Elisa Messina, Umberto Morbiducci, Maurizio Pesce
Circulation Research, 131, 3, 239, 257, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2022年07月22日, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Background:

Conversion of cardiac stromal cells into myofibroblasts is typically associated with hypoxia conditions, metabolic insults, and/or inflammation, all of which are predisposing factors to cardiac fibrosis and heart failure. We hypothesized that this conversion could be also mediated by response of these cells to mechanical cues through activation of the Hippo transcriptional pathway. The objective of the present study was to assess the role of cellular/nuclear straining forces acting in myofibroblast differentiation of cardiac stromal cells under the control of YAP (yes-associated protein) transcription factor and to validate this finding using a pharmacological agent that interferes with the interactions of the YAP/TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) complex with their cognate transcription factors TEADs (TEA domain transcription factors), under high-strain and profibrotic stimulation.

Methods:

We employed high content imaging, 2-dimensional/3-dimensional culture, atomic force microscopy mapping, and molecular methods to prove the role of cell/nuclear straining in YAP-dependent fibrotic programming in a mouse model of ischemia-dependent cardiac fibrosis and in human-derived primitive cardiac stromal cells. We also tested treatment of cells with Verteporfin, a drug known to prevent the association of the YAP/TAZ complex with their cognate transcription factors TEADs.

Results:

Our experiments suggested that pharmacologically targeting the YAP-dependent pathway overrides the profibrotic activation of cardiac stromal cells by mechanical cues in vitro, and that this occurs even in the presence of profibrotic signaling mediated by TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor beta-1). In vivo administration of Verteporfin in mice with permanent cardiac ischemia reduced significantly fibrosis and morphometric remodeling but did not improve cardiac performance.

Conclusions:

Our study indicates that preventing molecular translation of mechanical cues in cardiac stromal cells reduces the impact of cardiac maladaptive remodeling with a positive effect on fibrosis.

Identification of leader cells by filopodia in collective cell migration using computer vision
Mun Kit Lai, Baasansuren Otgon, Toshiro Ohashi
Mun Kit Lai;Baasansuren Otgon;Toshiro Ohashi, 1, 9, IOS Press, 2022年04月19日, ［査読有り］, ［最終著者］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, BACKGROUND: Imaging of cells and cellular organelles has been of great interest among researchers and medical staff because it can provide useful information on cell physiology and pathology. Many researches related to collective cell migration have been established and leader cells seem to be the ones that regulate the migration, however, the identification of leader cells is very time-consuming. OBJECTIVE: This study utilized computer vision with deep learning to segment cell shape and to identify leader cells through filopodia. METHODS: Healthy Madin–Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells cultured in a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel device allowed collective cell migration as well as the formation of leader cells. The cells were stained, and cell images were captured to train the computer using UNet++ together with their corresponding masks created using Photoshop for automated cell segmentation. Lastly, cell shape and filopodia were filtered out using Filopodyan and FiloQuant were detected. RESULTS: The segmentation of cell shape and the identification of filopodia were successful and produced accurate results in less than one second per image. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed approach of image analysis would be a great help in the field of cell science, engineering, and diagnosis.

Mechanical Properties of Isolated Primary Cilia Measured by Micro-Tensile Test and Atomic Force Microscopy　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Tien-Dung Do, Jimuro Katsuyoshi, Haonai Cai, Toshiro Ohashi
Frontiers in Bioengineeing and Biotechnology, 2021年, ［査読有り］, ［最終著者］

Quantitative evaluation of the sacroiliac joint fixation in stress reduction on both sacroiliac joint cartilage and ligaments: a finite element analysis　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
B. Venayre, Y. Koyama, D. Kurosawa, N. Hammer, U. Lingslebe, E. Murakami, H. Ozawa, T. Ohashi
Clinical Biomechanics, 85, 105350, 2021年, ［査読有り］, ［最終著者］

Finite element analysis of load transition on sacroiliac joint during bipedal walking
R. Toyohara, D. Kurosawa, N. Hammer, M. Werner, K. Honda, Y. Sekiguchi, S. Izumi, E. Murakami, H. Ozawa, T. Ohashi
Scientific Reports, 10, 1, 13683, 13683, 2020年, ［査読有り］, ［最終著者］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is burdened with variant loads. However, no methods have allowed to measure objectively how the SIJ deforms during bipedal walking. In this study, in-vivo walking conditions were replicated in a kinematic model combining the finite element method with 3D walking analysis data divided into five phases in order to visualize the load transition on the SIJ and clarify the role of the SIJ. Both models with and without inclusion of the SIJ were investigated. In models with bilateral SIJs, the displacement differed greatly between the sacrum and both hip bones on the SIJ as the boundary. The movements of the sacrum involved a nutation movement in the stance phase and a counter-nutation in the swing phase relative to the ilium. In models without SIJs, the displacement of the pelvis and loads of pelvic ligaments decreased, and the equivalent stress of the SIJs increased compared to the model with SIJs. The walking loads cause distortion of the entire pelvis, and stress concentration at the SIJ are seen due to the morphology of the pelvic ring. However, the SIJs help dissipate the resulting stresses, and the surrounding ligaments are likewise involved in load transmission.

Effect of Geometric Curvature on Collective Cell Migration in Tortuous Microchannel Devices　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
M.B. Mazalan, M.A.B. Ramlan, J.H. Shin, T. Ohashi
Micromachines, 11, 7, 659, 2020年, ［査読有り］, ［最終著者］

コラーゲン・トリペプチドの軟骨細胞に対する賦活作用　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
大橋 俊朗, 山本 祥子, 松本 陽, 沼田 徳暁, 酒井 康夫, 佐藤 正明
応用薬理, 98, 1, 5, 2020年, ［査読有り］

Mechanical properties of a new thermally deformable mitral valve annuloplasty ring and its effects on the mitral valve.
Tatsuya Seki, Katsuyoshi Jimuro, Yasushige Shingu, Satoru Wakasa, Hiroki Katoh, Tomonori Ooka, Tsuyoshi Tachibana, Suguru Kubota, Toshiro Ohashi, Yoshiro Matsui
Journal of artificial organs : the official journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs, 22, 2, 126, 133, 2019年06月, ［査読有り］, ［国内誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Ideally, an annuloplasty ring's shape should be changed intraoperatively if mitral valve repair is unsuccessful because of a short coaptation length or systolic anterior motion. Several post-implantation adjustable rings have been developed, but they are not freely deformable and are unsuitable for asymmetric repair of the valvular annulus. We developed a novel thermally deformable mitral annuloplasty ring to address these problems and assessed the ring's mechanical properties and its effect on the mitral valve anatomy. This ring was made of polycaprolactone. Tensile and bending tests were performed to evaluate the ring's mechanical properties. The ratio of the transverse and septal-lateral length was determined as 4:3. Using 10 pig hearts, we measured the post-deformation coaptation length and minimum distance from the coaptation to the ventricular septum, which is a factor of abnormal systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. In the mechanical tests, the ring's yield point was greater than the deformation force of the annulus in humans. In pigs with deformation from "4:3" to "4:2", the coaptation length was significantly increased in each mitral valve part. In pigs with deformation from "4:3" to "4:4", the minimum distance from the coaptation to the ventricular septum was significantly increased. Asymmetrical ring deformation increased the coaptation length only at the deformed area. In conclusion, this new thermally deformable mitral annuloplasty ring could be "order-made" to effectively change the coaptation length in all parts of the mitral valve and the distance from the coaptation to septum post-deformation via intraoperative heating.

Depletion of glycosphingolipids induces excessive response of chondrocytes under mechanical stress
S. Matsubara, T. Onodera, E. Maeda, D. Momma, M. Matsuoka, K. Homan, T. Ohashi, N. Iwasaki
Journal of Biomechanics, 94, 22, 30, 2019年, ［査読有り］, ［責任著者］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are ubiquitous membrane components that play an indispensable role in maintaining chondrocyte homeostasis. To gain better insight into roles of GSLs, we studied the effects of GSL-deletion on the physiological responses of chondrocytes to mechanical stress. Mice lacking Ugcg gene (Ugcg-/-) were genetically generated to obtain GSL-deficient mice, and their chondrocytes from the joints were used for functional analyses in vitro culture experiments. The cells were seeded in a three-dimensional collagen gel and subjected to 5%, 10% or 16% cyclic tensile strain for either 3 or 24 h. The gene expressions of chondrocyte anabolic and catabolic factors, and the induction of Ca2+ signaling were analyzed. Our results revealed that chondrocytes derived from GSL-deficient mice exhibited an elevation in the expression of catabolic factors (ADAMTS-5, MMP-13) following the exposure to strain with amplitudes of 10%. Likewise, applying cyclic tensile strain with these amplitudes resulted in an increased Ca2+ oscillation ratio in chondrocytes from GSL-deficient as compared to the ratio from control mice. These results demonstrated that deletion of GSL stimulated the catabolic responses of chondrocytes to mechanical stress via the augmentation of the sensitivity to mechanical stress that may lead to the cartilage deterioration. These findings suggest that the regulation of the physiological responses of chondrocytes by GSLs could be a potential target in a therapeutic intervention in osteoarthritis.

軟骨細胞の力学的ストレス応答におけるスフィンゴ糖脂質の機能解析
松原 新史, 小野寺 智洋, 門間 太輔, 馬場 力哉, 本谷 和俊, 上徳 善太, 宝満 健太郎, 岩崎 倫政, 大橋 俊朗, 前田 英次郎
北海道整形災害外科学会雑誌, 60, 1, 145, 146, 北海道整形災害外科学会, 2018年08月
日本語

Enhanced gap junction intercellular communication inhibits catabolic and pro-inflammatory responses in tenocytes against heat stress　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
E. Maeda, S. Kimura, M. Yamada, M. Tashiro, T. Ohashi
Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling, 11, 4, 369, 380, 2017年, ［査読有り］, ［最終著者］

Temporal regulation of gap junctional communication between tenocytes subjected to static tensile strain with physiological and non-physiological amplitudes
Eijiro Maeda, Haicheng Pian, Toshiro Ohashi
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, 482, 4, 1170, 1175, ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2017年01月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, The present study has been performed on temporal changes in gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) between tenocytes under static tensile strain with the magnitude of 0% (no strain), 4% (physiological magnitude) or 8% (overloading magnitude) during a 24-h culture period. Tenocytes were isolated from rabbit Achilles tendon and seeded on a stretchable microgroove substrate. GJIC was evaluated as intercellular diffusion coefficient of calcein (D-GJ) using fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) protocol accompanied with a mathematical model of molecular diffusion both within the cell and between the cells. It was exhibited that the application of 4% strain for 1 h increased D-GJ significantly. The increased level was maintained for 6 h, followed by returning to the pre-strain level at 24 h. This was associated with a transient increase in connexin 43 (Cx43) gene expression and protein localisation at 1 h, suggesting the increased GJIC may have involved new synthesis of gap junctions. By contrast, the application of 8% static strain reduced DGJ to the similar or lower level from 0% strain group for 6 h, associated with inhibited Cx43 gene expression. However, Cx43 protein localisation was not changed much, and thus, there seem no direct interactions among changes in GJIC, Cx43 gene expression and Cx43 localisation. The present findings highlight the differences in mechanical regulation of GJIC between physiological and non-physiological loadings, and thus the increase or the decrease in GJIC may affect tenocyte functions in different ways. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Relative contribution of physiological hydrostatic pressure and fluid shear stress to endothelial monolayer integrity
Toshiro Ohashi, Yoshiaki Sugaya, Naoya Sakamoto, Masaaki Sato
Biomedical Engineering Letters, 6, 1, 31, 38, Springer Verlag, 2016年02月01日, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Purpose: Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are continuously subjected to mechanical forces such as fluid shear stress, stretching and hydrostatic pressure. The effect of hydrostatic pressure on EC responses has not been fully understood compared to that of the other two stimuli. The purpose of this study is to assess mechanical responses of ECs to these mechanical stimuli. Methods: Bovine aortic ECs were exposed to hydrostatic pressure of 50, 100, and 150 mmHg and fluid shear stress of 3 Pa in simultaneous or successive fashion. Immunofluorescence staining of actin filaments and VEcadherin was then performed to observe cell morphology and cell-cell junctions, respectively Results: The results showed that ECs subjected to 50, 100, and 150 mmHg for 24 h elongated without predominant orientation and exhibited multilayered structure, whereas simultaneous application of 50 and 100 mmHg and 3 Pa for 24 h induced marked elongation and orientation of ECs parallel to the direction of flow maintaining monolayer integrity. This monolayer integrity was lost in ECs subjected to 150 mmHg together with 3 Pa. A successive application of 100 mmHg for 24 h followed by 100 mmHg and 3 Pa for 24 h, indicated that the loss of monolayer integrity due to hydrostatic pressure could not be retrieved by the following simultaneous application. Conclusions: It can be concluded that physiological shear stress of 3 Pa is dominant to physiological hydrostatic pressure up to 100 mmHg, importantly suggesting the relative contribution of physiological hydrostatic pressure and fluid shear stress to endothelial monolayer integrity.

Mechano-regulation of gap junction communications between tendon cells is dependent on the magnitude of tensile strain
Eijiro Maeda, Toshiro Ohashi
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, 465, 2, 281, 286, ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2015年09月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Large magnitudes of mechanical strain applied to tendon cells induce catabolic and inflammatory responses, whereas a moderate level of strain promotes anabolism. Gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) plays an essential role in these responses, however direct regulation of GJIC by mechanical loading has not been characterised in detail. Here, we show that the GJIC between tenocytes are enhanced or inhibited depending on the magnitude of the tensile strain. The GJIC was analysed using fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP), combined with a molecular diffusion model. Intercellular and intracellular transport of fluorescence tracer molecules, calcein, across multiple cells through the gap junctions was evaluated by determining the intercellular and intracellular diffusion coefficients of calcein. It was demonstrated that the intercellular diffusion coefficient was significantly higher when the cells were subjected to a physiological static tensile strain (4%) for 1 h, but significantly lower when subjected to a strain with non-physiological amplitude (8%). The intracellular diffusion coefficient was not altered by the application of static strain at any level. Connexin 43 proteins were localised within cytoplasm and at cell cell boundaries in no strained state and were also localised near cell nuclei by the 4% strain, but the localisation was reduced by the 8% strain. The findings suggest that the increase in GJIC in response to 4% strain involves opening of gap junction pores via mechanotransduction events of tenocytes, whereas the inhibition in response to 8% strain involves mechanical disruption of the junctions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Three-dimensional imaging of biological cells with picosecond ultrasonics
Sorasak Danworaphong, Motonobu Tomoda, Yuki Matsumoto, Osamu Matsuda, Toshiro Ohashi, Hiromu Watanabe, Masafumi Nagayama, Kazutoshi Gohara, Paul H. Otsuka, Oliver B. Wright
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 106, 16, AMER INST PHYSICS, 2015年04月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, We use picosecond ultrasonics to image animal cells in vitro-a bovine aortic endothelial cell and a mouse adipose cell-fixed to Ti-coated sapphire. Tightly focused ultrashort laser pulses generate and detect GHz acoustic pulses, allowing three-dimensional imaging (x, y, and t) of the ultrasonic propagation in the cells with similar to 1 mu m lateral and similar to 150 nm depth resolutions. Time-frequency representations of the continuous-wavelet-transform amplitude of the optical reflectivity variations inside and outside the cells show GHz Brillouin oscillations, allowing the average sound velocities of the cells and their ultrasonic attenuation to be obtained as well as the average bulk moduli. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

FLIP実験による高温環境下腱細胞の細胞間拡散係数の計測
大橋 俊朗, 田代 真啓, 前田 英次郎
生体医工学, 53, S234_03, S234_03, 一般社団法人 日本生体医工学会, 2015年
日本語, Core temperature of tendon is known to elevate to approximately 43°C under severe mechanical loading in horse as well as in human. This elevated temperature could be a potential etiology of tendinopathy; however, little is known about how hyperthermia affects tenocyte functions. Therefore, the present study hypothesized that such high temperature affects gap junction communication between tenocytes and upregulated tenocyte catabolism. Gap junction communication was evaluated using fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) protocol, with a mathematical model to estimate both intracellular and intercellular diffusion coefficients from FLIP result. It was exhibited that intercellular diffusion coefficient in tenocytes exposed to 43°C for 30 minutes was significantly larger than that in tenocytes exposed to 37°C. In addition, mRNA expression for catabolic markers, MMP-1 and IL-1β, was markedly upregulated but that for type I collagen was downregulated in 43°C treated group compared to 37°C treated group. Therefore, hyperthermia enhances gap junction communications and catabolic activities in tenocytes, suggesting that hyperthermia could be a trigger of inflammation response.

Development of fibrin gel-microgroove model for microvascularization by endothelial cells
Shaoyi Chen, Akihiro Morita, Irza Sukmana, Eijiro Maeda, Toshiro Ohashi
Journal of Biorheology, 29, 1, 19, 23, Japanese Society of Biorheology, 2015年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, This study was performed to develop a new experimental device with a fibrin gel-microgroove structure for study of microvascularization by endothelial cells (ECs). The effects of the width of microgrooves, initial cell seeding density and a supplementation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on in vitro microvasculaization of ECs were examined. ECs were cultured in a fibrin gel formed on a polydimethylsiloxane microgroove substrate, with the microgroove width of 50, 100, 150 and 200 μm. ECs were elongated and sprouted within the gel in all the four types of microgrooves. In addition, multicellular network by connected cell branches were frequently observed in 100- μm microgrooves. Both high initial cell density and VEGF demonstrated significant promotional effects on morphology changes. The findings indicate that microgroove structure serves as a geometrical constraint for ECs, with a promotional effect on angiogenic responses of ECs, and thus, it can be used as an experimental model in the study of in vitro vascularization.

Significant increase in Young's modulus of ATDC5 cells during chondrogenic differentiation induced by PAMPS/PDMAAm double-network gel: Comparison with induction by insulin
Eijiro Maeda, Takehiro Tsutsumi, Nobuto Kitamura, Takayuki Kurokawa, Jian Ping Gong, Kazunori Yasuda, Toshiro Ohashi
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 47, 13, 3408, 3414, ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2014年10月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, A double-network (DN) gel, which was composed of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) and poly(N,N'-dimethyl acrylamide) (PAMPS/PDMAAm), has the potential to induce chondrogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. The present study investigated the biomechanical and biological responses of chondrogenic progenitor ATDC5 cells cultured on the DN gel. ATDC5 cells were cultured on a polystyrene surface without insulin (Culture 1) and with insulin (Culture 2), and on the DN gel without insulin (Culture 3). The cultured cells were evaluated using micropipette aspiration for cell Young's modulus and qPCR for gene expression of chondrogenic and actin organization markers on days 3, 7 and 14. On day 3, the cells in Culture 3 formed nodules, in which the cells exhibited an actin cortical layer inside them, and gene expression of type-II collagen, aggrecan, and SOX9 was significantly higher in Culture 3 than Cultures 1 and 2 (p < 0.05). Young's modulus in Culture 3 was significantly higher than that in Culture 1 throughout the testing period (p < 0.05) and that in Culture 2 on day 14 (p < 0.01). There was continuous expression of actin organization markers in Culture 3. This study highlights that the cells on the DN gel increased the modulus and mRNA expression of chondrogenic markers at an earlier time point with a greater magnitude compared to those on the polystyrene surface with insulin. This study also demonstrates a possible strong interrelation among alteration of cell mechanical properties, changes in actin organization and the induction of chondrogenic differentiation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A microfluidic device towards shear stress analysis of clonal expanded endothelial cells
E. Weibull, S. Matsui, H. Andersson-Svahn, T. Ohashi
Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, 9, 1, JBSE0006, JBSE0006, The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, The endothelial cells lining our cardiovascular system are constantly affected by shear stress, which can alter both the morphology and biological activity of the cells. Methods to study the basic shear stress response by creating stable flow profiles on the macro scale are well established, but they do not allow the generation of controlled high precision flow profiles. The emergence of microfluidic devices has enabled well-defined individual cellular response studies on endothelial cells in scale-relevant tools. However, so far, no shear stress studies on clonal heterogeneity have been published. We have developed a novel bioassay system to study several shear stress conditions in parallel on clonal expanded single cells. The device consists of a silicon/glass microwell slide with integrated polydimethylsiloxane microchannels, which delivers shear stress to cells in a well-controlled manner using micropumps. The flow behavior of the device was numerically characterized by computational fluid dynamics analysis, which confirmed that the desired fluid-imposed shear stress was obtained. Bovine aortic endothelial cells were cultured in the microwells for 24 hours and then subjected to a fluid shear stress of up to 2.0 Pa for 6 hours. The results showed that alignment and elongation of the endothelial cells along the flow direction were dependent on the level of shear stress applied. It was demonstrated that multiple experimental conditions can be examined simultaneously within a single device and the compartmentalized structure of the microwell slide can be used to ensure physical separation of cells in individual wells. Moreover, it was shown that the device could reduce consumption of expensive reagents and enable screening of rare samples.

Tenocyte anabolic and catabolic response to elevation in intracellular tension
Eijiro Maeda, Megumi Sugimoto, Youtaro Kosato, Chi Tat Poon, Belinda Pingguan-Murphy, Toshiro Ohashi
Journal of Biorheology, 28, 1, 16, 20, Japanese Society of Biorheology, 2014年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, The present study examined expressions of type I collagen and MMP-1 mRNA of bovine tenocytes in response to elevation in intracellular tension/traction forces induced by either mechanical or chemical stimulation. Tenocytes were cultured in the following conditions: micropillars with the Young’s modulus of 75 kPa in a normal culture medium, in the presence of 1 nM calyculin A in the medium or under 4 or 8% static tensile strain in the normal medium. In all the treatments, cell traction forces were increased significantly from the levels of corresponding control tenocytes. However, these increases in traction forces were not associated with statistically significant increase in type I collagen gene expression. Because our treatments induced the increase in traction forces equidirectionally, it is speculated that highly directional increase in traction forces, associated with an elongated cell shape, is required to induce marked upregulation of type I collagen mRNA expression in tenocytes.

A new experimental system for simultaneous application of cyclic tensile strain and fluid shear stress to tenocytes in vitro
Eijiro Maeda, Yasufumi Hagiwara, James H-C. Wang, Toshiro Ohashi
BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES, 15, 6, 1067, 1075, SPRINGER, 2013年12月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Tenocyte mechanotransduction has been of great interest to researchers in tendon mechanobiology and biomechanics. In vivo, tenocytes are subjected to tensile strain and fluid shear stress, but most studies of tenocyte mechanobiology have been to understand how tenocytes regulate their functions in response to tensile strain. Thus, there is still much to know about tenocyte responses to fluid shear stress, partly due to the difficulty of devising a suitable experimental set-up and understanding the exact magnitude of imposed fluid shear stress. Therefore, this study was performed to test a new experimental system, which is suitable for the application of tensile strain and fluid shear stress to tenocytes in vitro. It was experimentally and numerically confirmed that tenocytes could maintain their in situ morphology within microfabricated microgrooves; also, physiological tensile strain and a wide range of fluid shear stress magnitudes can be applied to these cells. Indeed, it was demonstrated that the combined stimulation of cyclic tensile strain and oscillatory fluid shear stress induced a greater synergetic effect on tenocyte calcium response and significantly increased the percentage of tenocyte exhibiting increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration compared to the solo applications of these two modes of mechanical stimulation. The experimental system presented here is suitable for research of tenocyte mechanobiology, particularly mechanotransduction events, which were difficult to study using previous experimental models like explants and cell monolayers.

Biomechanics of the spinal cord and the pia mater
Hiroshi Ozawa, Takeo Matsumoto, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato
Neuroprotection and Regeneration of the Spinal Cord, 61, 74, Springer Japan, 2013年11月01日, ［査読有り］
英語, 論文集(書籍)内論文, Biomechanical analysis of the spinal cord is important to clarify the morphological plasticity of the spinal cord. In the present study, the elastic moduli of the gray and white matter were measured in situ by using a pipette aspiration method. The mechanical properties and function of the pia mater were investigated. Furthermore, the effect of the tensile stress on the morphology of the spinal cord was investigated. No significant difference in elastic moduli was observed between the gray and white matter of spinal cord. The elastic modulus of the pia mater was 2,300 kPa, which was 460 times higher than that of the spinal cord parenchyma. The pia mater triples the elastic modulus of the spinal cord covered by it compared with the parenchyma and increases the overall stiffness of the spinal cord. As a result of being tightly covered by the pia mater, the compressed spinal cord contains a large amount of strain energy, which enables shape restoration after decompression. The length of the spinal cord was decreased by 9.7 % after the separation to remove longitudinal tensile stress. The tensile stress along the craniocaudal axis in the spinal cord did not affect the spinal cord deformation in response to the compression, but it did affect the shape recoverability after the decompression.

Microfluidic device for generating a stepwise concentration gradient on a microwell slide for cell analysis
Emilie Weibull, Shunsuke Matsui, Manabu Sakai, Helene Andersson Svahn, Toshiro Ohashi
Biomicrofluidics, 7, 6, 064115-1, 064115-12, 2013年11月01日, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Understanding biomolecular gradients and their role in biological processes is essential for fully comprehending the underlying mechanisms of cells in living tissue. Conventional in vitro gradient-generating methods are unpredictable and difficult to characterize, owing to temporal and spatial fluctuations. The field of microfluidics enables complex user-defined gradients to be generated based on a detailed understanding of fluidic behavior at the μm-scale. By using microfluidic gradients created by flow, it is possible to develop rapid and dynamic stepwise concentration gradients. However, cells exposed to stepwise gradients can be perturbed by signals from neighboring cells exposed to another concentration. Hence, there is a need for a device that generates a stepwise gradient at discrete and isolated locations. Here, we present a microfluidic device for generating a stepwise concentration gradient, which utilizes a microwell slide's pre-defined compartmentalized structure to physically separate different reagent concentrations. The gradient was generated due to flow resistance in the microchannel configuration of the device, which was designed using hydraulic analogy and theoretically verified by computational fluidic dynamics simulations. The device had two reagent channels and two dilutant channels, leading to eight chambers, each containing 4 microwells. A dose-dependency assay was performed using bovine aortic endothelial cells treated with saponin. High reproducibility between experiments was confirmed by evaluating the number of living cells in a live-dead assay. Our device generates a fully mixed fluid profile using a simple microchannel configuration and could be used in various gradient studies, e.g., screening for cytostatics or antibiotics. © 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.

DNゲルによるATDC5細胞の軟骨分化誘導に関する力学的機序の解明 1細胞の力学的特性の変化とアクチン修飾タンパク質発現との関連
前田 英次郎, 堤 健博, 黒川 孝幸, 北村 信人, Gong Jian Ping, 安田 和則, 大橋 俊朗
日本整形外科学会雑誌, 87, 8, S1408, S1408, (公社)日本整形外科学会, 2013年08月
日本語

Cytoskeletal tension modulates MMP-1 gene expression from tenocytes on micropillar substrates
Eijiro Maeda, Megumi Sugimoto, Toshiro Ohashi
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 46, 5, 991, 997, ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2013年03月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Actin cytoskeletons, aggregated with myosin II generate intracellular cytoskeletal tension, which is induced to cell attaching substrate as cell traction forces. It is thought that cytoskeletal tension links closely to cell functions. The present study examined quantitative relationships between cytoskeleton tension and the balance of cell metabolism of tenocytes. Using micromachining techniques, micropillar substrates were prepared with polydimethylsiloxane, having three different values of substrate elasticity (6, 18 and 33 kPa) by changing the micropillar height. After 24 h incubation of bovine tenocytes on these micropillar substrates, cell traction forces were determined. Gene expressions for type I collagen (anabolic marker) and MMP-1 (catabolic marker) from tenocytes on micropillars were also analyzed with qPCR. In addition, effects of an inhibition of myosin II activity on tenocyte cytoskeletal tension and metabolism were examined using the inhibitor, blebbistatin. It was exhibited that cell traction forces were significantly larger in tenocytes on 33 kPa substrates compared to those on 6 kPa substrates. This was associated with significant lower expression of MMP-1 mRNA on 33 kPa substrates. Cell traction forces were decreased significantly by the supplementation of blebbistatin in a dose-dependent manner. Indeed, there were significant smaller traction forces and higher expression for MMP-1 mRNA from tenocytes treated with 10 mu M blebbistatin compared to their corresponding controls. Accordingly, tenocyte responses to substrate stiffness are associated with alterations in intracellular tension and catabolic gene expression. On the other hand, tenocyte anabolism, as measured by type I collagen mRNA expression, was not altered with substrate stiffness. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of Rupture Properties of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms in a Pressure-Imposed Test for Rupture Risk Estimation
Shukei Sugita, Takeo Matsumoto, Toshiro Ohashi, Kiichiro Kumagai, Hiroji Akimoto, Koichi Tabayashi, Masaaki Sato
Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, 3, 1, 41, 51, 2012年03月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Rupture properties of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) were measured in vitro in a pressure-imposed test to predict the ultimate stress of TAAs from their mechanical behavior in a physiological pressure range. Each quadrilateral (ca. 20 × 20 mm2) specimen of TAAs or porcine thoracic aortas (PTAs) was pressurized from the inner wall until rupture or up to 4500 mmHg, while its deformation was being monitored. In-plane stress σ and strain ε of the specimen were calculated using Laplace's law and deformations of the markers drawn on the specimen surface, respectively. Ultimate stress σmax and tangent elastic modulus H were determined from the σ-ε curve as its maximum stress and slope, respectively. The tangent elastic modulus H of PTA specimens tended to increase with the increase in σ, while that of TAA specimens tended to reach a plateau in a low-σ region. This tendency was confirmed by fitting a function H = Cσ(1 - exp(-σ/τσ)) to the H-σ relation of specimens: The yielding parameter τσ was significantly lower in TAAs than PTAs. Furthermore, the logarithm of the parameter τσ correlated significantly with σmax, for all specimens. These results may indicate that τσ is one of the candidate indices for rupture risk estimation. © 2011 Biomedical Engineering Society.

Development of a microfluidic concentration gradient generator on a microwell slide for high-throughput cell analysis　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Emilie Weibull, Shunsuke Matsui, Helene Andersson-Svahn, Toshiro Ohashi
Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2012, 1573, 1575, Chemical and Biological Microsystems Society, 2012年
英語, 研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）, The present study reports a newly developed, microfluidic concentration gradient generator that adds substantial utility to the high-throughput nature of the microwell slide that we have previously established [1, 2]. Using microfluidic dynamics, we have designed microchannels to deliver a reagent and its dilutant with precisely controlled flow volumes, generating 8 discrete steps of reagent concentration in designated microwells. As proof of concept FITC-labeled dextran and dextran-free water was used to visualize the concentration gradient. The next step will be to perform cancer drug concentration gradient experiments on an animal cell line.

Endothelial cell responses to fluid shear stress: From methodology to applications
Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato
Single and Two-Phase Flows on Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 579, 599, Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., 2012年, ［査読有り］
英語, 論文集(書籍)内論文, Vascular endothelial cells are constantly stimulated by blood flow-induced shear stress throughout the vasculature and respond by changing morphology and cytoskeletal structures as well as by modulating cell physiological functions. In particular, since endothelial cell responses to fluid shear stress have been implicated in the localization of atherosclerosis, the effects of fluid shear stress on endothelial cell morphology and functions have been exclusively studied. In fact, previous observations have given preferential localization of lipid accumulation in atherosclerosis in the arterial tree, such as branching and curved regions where blood flow is unsteady and spatially and temporally altered. So far, a lot of efforts have been made to study endothelial mechanotransduction to flow, indicating the fact that after applying fluid shear stress to endothelial cell monolayer, cells exhibit marked elongation and orientation in the direction of flow. It is now accepted that morphological changes of endothelial cells are closely associated with modulation of cell physiology and pathology. The need for experimental techniques for studying endothelial responses to flow has lead to development of different types of flow chambers. Conventional flow chambers include a cone-and-plate flow chamber and a parallel-plate flow chamber, both of which provide steady, fully-developed laminar flow. Furthermore, in order to provide non-steady flow and disturbed flow, novel flow chambers have been developed, such as a tapered channel and an obstacle-included channel. More recently, microfluidic flow chambers have emerged with a great potential for a high throughput analysis. The purpose of this review is to first summarize many types of flow chambers that apply fluid shear stress onto a monolayer of endothelial cells. Next, experimental studies on endothelial cell responses to fluid shear stress are highlighted, focusing on changes in cell morphology associated with cytoskeletal remodeling. © 2012 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved.

Preface
Shinsuk Park, Kyehan Rhee, Toshiro Ohashi
Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, 7, 4, 335, 2012年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Micropillar-integrated device for monitoring dynamic regulation of traction forces during cell migration
Eijiro Maeda, Akito Sugawara, Justin J. Cooper-White, Toshiro Ohashi
2011 Int. Symp. on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science, Symp. on "COE for Education and Research of Micro-Nano Mechatronics", Symposium on "Hyper Bio Assembler for 3D Cellular System Innovation", 16, 19, 2012年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）, Cell migration plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes such as morphogenesis, wound healing, and tumor metastasis. Although the majority of such events occur with cells moving as a group, called collective cell migration, mechanics of collective cell migrations has not been understood well compared to a single cell migration. Mechanical interactions between cells and their surroundings have been demonstrated to regulate cell migration. One of such interactions is the induction of traction forces by acto-myosin dynamics within cells to their local environment, as it has been reported that cells alter the magnitude of traction forces depending on the stiffness of attaching substrates. In connection with cell migration, it has also been demonstrated the importance of substrate stiffness during cell migration using microfabricated substrates consisting of arrays of micropillars. To understand the mechanics of collective cell migration, it is important to know how cells within a moving cell collectivity generate forces to move the collectivity forward at single cell level. Accordingly, the present study was performed to clarify the mechanics of collective cell migration by measuring traction forces exerted by mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts using a newly developed migration assay device. © 2011 IEEE.

SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT OF MORPHOLOGY AND TRACTION FORCES OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS UNDER FLUID SHEAR STRESS
Toshiro Ohashi, Yusaku Niida, Ryoichi Tanaka, Masaaki Sato
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PTS A AND B, 245, 246, AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, 2012年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）

胸部大動脈瘤の拍動特性から破裂圧力が推定できるか？
杉田修啓, 松本健郎, 大橋俊朗, 熊谷紀一郎, 秋元弘治, 田林 晄一, 佐藤 正明
脈管学, 52, 277, 283, Japanese College of Angiology, 2012年, ［査読有り］
日本語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, 大動脈瘤破裂危険度の高信頼性予測を目指し，ヒト胸部大動脈瘤およびブタ胸大動脈の破裂試験を行った。円形枠にはめた板状試料を内腔側から加圧し突出量を計測した。両群とも加圧に伴い剛性(硬さ)が増加したが，大動脈瘤試料では低圧で組織が降伏し，剛性増加が低値で頭打ちになった。この降伏開始点の圧力は破裂圧力と有意に相関し，また1心周期中の径変化から予測できる可能性があるため，破裂予測の指標として有望である。

Analysis and techniques for controlling kinesin-driven microtubules in nanoscale transport systems　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
S. Sugita, N. Sakamoto, T. Ohashi, M. Sato
Proceedings of the Tohoku University Global Centre of Excellence Programme, 144, 150, 2012年
英語, 研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）

Combined stimulation with cyclic stretching and hypoxia increases production of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and cytokines by macrophages
Koki Oya, Naoya Sakamoto, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, 412, 4, 678, 682, ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2011年09月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Macrophages in the vessel wall of advanced abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are subjected to cyclic stretching and hypoxia because of pulsatile blood flow and intraluminal thrombi, respectively. It is possible that these conditions induce abnormal changes in macrophage functions, such as increased production of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and inflammatory cytokines, leading to weakening of the aortic wall through excessive extracellular matrix disruption. Here we show the effects of cyclic stretching and hypoxia on the production of MMP-9 and inflammatory cytokines by macrophages. Gelatin zymography revealed that MMP-9 production by macrophages was significantly increased by 5% and 10% cyclic stretching under hypoxia (2.2% O-2). Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we also evaluated the production of 12 different inflammatory cytokines and found that there was a tendency toward higher expressions of interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by macrophages subjected to 10% cyclic stretching under normoxia and hypoxia. Next, we evaluated apoptosis of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in medium conditioned by macrophages cultured under the 2 conditions described above. SMC apoptosis increased significantly when exposed to media harvested from macrophages subjected to 10% cyclic stretching under normoxia and hypoxia. On the basis of these results, we believe that macrophages produce cytokines that induce SMC apoptosis. Our results suggest that the combination of cyclic stretching and hypoxia stimulates MMP-9 and cytokine production in macrophages, which may result in weakening of AAA walls. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Stretch along the craniocaudal axis improves shape recoverability of the spinal cord
Hiroshi Ozawa, Takeo Matsumoto, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato, Eiji Itoi
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 44, 12, 2313, 2315, ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2011年08月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, The spinal cord is physiologically stretched along the craniocaudal axis, and is subjected to tensile stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the tensile stress on morphological plasticity of the spinal cord under compression and decompression condition. The C1-T2 spinal column was excised from 4 rabbits. The laminae and lateral masses were removed. After excision of surrounding structures, a small rod was placed on the spinal cord. The rod was connected with a pan of the scale balance. Varying the weight between 0 and 20 g on the other scalepan, the indentation of the rod was measured. Then, the spinal cord was cut transversely to remove longitudinal tensile stress. The samples were measured again with the same protocol at point 10 mm caudal to each pre-measured point on the spinal cord. The shape recovery rate was calculated. The length of the spinal cord decreased by 9.7% after the separation. The maximum indentation was 2.1 mm (mean) at 20 g. and did not differ between the separated and un-separated cords. The recovery rate was not significantly different between the separated and un-separated cords until 3 g. At the load under 3 g, the recovery rate after the separation was significantly lower than that before the separation. The tensile stress along the craniocaudal axis in the spinal cord did not affect the spinal cord deformation in response to the compression, but it did affect the shape recoverability after the decompression. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Modulation of traction forces of isolated tenocytes by substrate stiffness
Megumi Sugimoto, Eijiro Maeda, Toshiro Ohashi
ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference, SBC 2011, 875, 876, 2011年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）

Role of p120-catenin in the morphological changes of endothelial cells exposed to fluid shear stress
Naoya Sakamoto, Kei Segawa, Makoto Kanzaki, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, 398, 3, 426, 432, ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2010年07月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, p120-Catenin is known to play important roles in cell-cell adhesion stability by binding to cadherin and morphological changes of cells by regulating small RhoGTPase activities. Although the expression and binding states of p120-catenin are thought to dynamically change due to morphological adaptation of endothelial cells (ECs) to fluid shear stress, these dynamics remain to be explored. In the present study, we examined the time course of changes in p120-catenin expression and its binding to vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin in ECs exposed to shear stress. Human umbilical vein ECs began to change their morphologies at 3-6 h, and became elongated and oriented to the direction of flow at 24 h after exposure to a shear stress of 1.5 Pa. Binding and co-localization of p120-catenin with VE-cadherin at the foci of cell-cell adhesions were retained in ECs during exposure to shear stress, indicating that VE-cadherin was stabilized in the plasma membrane. In contrast, cytoplasmic p120-catenin that was dissociated from VE-cadherin was transiently increased at 3-6 h after the flow onset. These results suggest that the transient increase of cytoplasmic p120-catenin may stimulate RhoGTPase activities and act as a switch for the morphological changes in ECs in response to shear stress. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effect of spatial gradient in fluid shear stress on morphological changes in endothelial cells in response to flow
Naoya Sakamoto, Naoki Saito, Xiaobo Han, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, 395, 2, 264, 269, ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2010年04月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Arterial bifurcations are common sites for development of cerebral aneurysms. Although this localization of aneurysms suggests that high shear stress (SS) and high spatial SS gradient (SSG) occurring at the bifurcations may be crucial factors for endothelial dysfunction involved in aneurysm formation, the details of the relationship between the hemodynamic environment and endothelial cell (EC) responses remain unclear. In the present study, we sought morphological responses of ECs under high-SS and high-SSG conditions using a T-shaped flow chamber. Confluent ECs were exposed to SS of 2-10 Pa with SSG of up to 34 Pa/mm for 24 and 72 h. ECs exposed to SS without spatial gradient elongated and oriented to the direction of flow at 72 h through different processes depending on the magnitude of SS. In contrast, cells did not exhibit preferred orientation and elongation under the combination of SS and SSG. Unlike cells aligned to the flow by exposure to only SS, development of actin stress fibers was not observed in ECs exposed to SS with SSG. These results indicate that SSG suppresses morphological changes of ECs in response to flow. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Modification of the descending thoracic aortic anastomotic site using biodegradable felt: Study in a canine model with or without basic fibroblast growth factor
Hidenori Fujiwara, Yoshikatsu Saiki, Mitsuru Sato, Naoya Sakamoto, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato, Yasuhiko Tabata, Koichi Tabayashi
JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY, 51, 1, 194, 202, MOSBY-ELSEVIER, 2010年01月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Objectives: We investigated the outcomes of reinforcing anastomotic sites using (1) non biodegradable polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) felt, (2) biodegradable polyglycolic acid (PGA) felt, and (3) PGA felt with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in a canine descending thoracic aortic replacement model.
Methods: Thirty-seven beagles underwent descending thoracic aorta replacement using a prosthetic graft with one of the above-mentioned reinforcements or no reinforcement for controls. Histologic evaluations were carried out I month and 3 months after surgery. The biomechanical strength of the anastomosis was assessed along the longitudinal axis of the aortic segments using a tensile tester. Local compliance at the anastomotic site was also evaluated in the circumferential direction.
Results. The media was significantly thinner in the PTFE group than in the control group (65.8% +/- 5.1% vs 95.0% +/- 9.3% of normal thickness; P < .05). Relative to the control group, the adventitial layer was significantly thinner in the PTFE group (42.3% +/- 8.2% of control; P < .05) but significantly thicker in the PGA and the PGA + bFGF groups (117.2% +/- 11.3% and 134.1% +/- 14.2% of control, respectively; P < .05). There were more vessels in the adventitial layer in the PGA + bFGF group than in the control, PTFE, and PGA groups (29.2 +/- 2.1/mm(2) vs 13.8 +/- 0.8, 5.4 +/- 0.7, 17.0 +/- 1.3/mm(2), respectively; P < .01). There were no significant differences between the four groups in the failure force at anastomotic sites. Local compliance at the anastomotic site was higher in the PGA group than that in the PTFE group (11.6 +/- 1.6 10(-6) m(2)/N vs 5.6 +/- 1.9 10(-6) m(2)/N; P < .05).
Conclusion: Reinforcement of the experimental aortic wall with PTFE felt resulted in thinning of the media and adventitia and fewer vessels at the anastomotic site. These histologic changes were not observed when biodegradable felt was used. The bFGF failed to augment the modification of the aortic wall with the exception of increased adventitial vessel number. Biomechanical strength of the anastomosis along the longitudinal axis was comparable in all four groups; however, local vascular compliance was better in the biodegradable PGA felt group. (J Vase Surg 2010;51:194-202.)
Clinical Relevance: This investigation was conducted to extend our previous investigation on a biodegradable felt strip into more practical form before we proceed in a clinical application of the new, material. We hypothesized that sustaining compression of the aorta by the nonbiodegradable felt strip may cause structural derangement and local ischemia on the aortic wall, which may lead to occurrence of late postoperative false aneurysm after aortic surgery. We attempted to find a clue for preventing adverse effects of reinforcement with a conventional felt strip. We have found that biodegradable felt prevented thinning of both the media and adventitia and increased adventitial vessels with increased vascular compliance at the aortic anastomotic sites.

Size sorting of kinesin-driven microtubules with topographical grooves on a chip
Shukei Sugita, Tatsuya Murase, Naoya Sakamoto, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato
LAB ON A CHIP, 10, 6, 755, 761, ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY, 2010年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Gliding microtubules (MTs) on a surface coated with kinesin biomolecular motors have been suggested for the development of nanoscale transport systems. In order to establish a sorting function for gliding MTs, events for MTs approaching micro-scale grooves were investigated. MTs longer than the width of grooves fabricated on a Si substrate bridged the grooves (bridging) and many MTs shorter than the groove width almost began to bridge, but returned to the surface that they approached from (guiding). Occurrence probabilities for the events were analyzed with focus on the geometric conditions, such as length of the MTs, width of the grooves, and the incident angle (alpha) of the MTs approaching the grooves. The occurrence probability for bridging increased with an increase in the incident angle (16%, alpha = 0-30 degrees; 51%, alpha = 30-60 degrees; 75%, alpha = 60-90 degrees), and the probability for guiding decreased with an increase in the incident angle (79%, alpha = 0-30 degrees; 55%, alpha = 30-60 degrees; 5%, alpha = 60-90 degrees). The results indicate that an incident angle of 30-60 degrees is an effective condition for MT sorting, because the bridging and guiding events can sort MTs that are longer and shorter than the groove widths, respectively. Furthermore, the occurrence probabilities of both bridging and guiding in a higher concentration of methylcellulose (0.5%) increased up to approximately 70% at incident angles of 30-60 degrees, indicating good feasibility for the development of devices for the sorting of MTs on surfaces with topographical grooves.

T0201-2-1 繰り返し伸展刺激に対する筋繊維芽細胞の形態的応答([T0201-2]細胞の構造と流れにおけるマイクロ・ナノスケール解析(2))
木幡 健吾, 前田 英次郎, 大橋 俊朗
年次大会講演論文集, 2010, 143, 144, 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 2010年
日本語, The present study hypothesized that initial geometrical shapes of cutaneous wound and the major axis of the wound to the direction of stretch could influence myofibroblast realignment observed in the maturation phase of healing process. Human dermal fibroblasts were differentiated into myofibroblasts with a treatment of TGF-β1. The cells were seeded onto a PDMS chamber either in a monolayer or in a colony of the following shapes: circle, and track fields both parallel and vertical to the stretch. Cyclic tensile stretch, with an amplitude of 20%, was provided at 1 Hz for 6 hours. Myofibroblasts seeded in the circle and the parallel track exhibited a similar response of realigning ±1:70° to the strain axis with uniformly distributed myofibroblasts in the whole area. By contrast, the cells seeded in the shape of vertical track demonstrated realignment to no specific direction. Findings supports our hypothesis, indicating that the shape and the orientation of wound influences healing processes through myofibroblasts realignment.

Preface
Toshiro Ohashi, Helene Andersson-Svahn
Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, 5, 3, 185, 2010年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Effect of spatial gradient of shear stress on morphological responses of endothelial cells to flow　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
N. Sakamoto, N. Saito, T. Ohashi, M. Sato
Proceedings of 13th International Symposium of Tohoku University Global COE programme, 64, 67, 2010年
英語, 研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）

Biomechanical contribution of cytoskeletal structures to traction forces in cultured smooth muscle cells
Toshiro Ohashi, Norifumi Kameda, Shouji Nakamura, Masaaki Sato
Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, 5, 3, 262, 271, 2010年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Cellular traction forces were measured by using a microfabricated substrate, particularly exploring how cytoskeletal structures such as actin filaments and microtubules contribute to traction forces. Smooth muscle cells isolated from bovine aortas were cultured and transfected with fluorescence proteins to visualize cell microstructures and then plated on a micropatterned elastomer substrate with arrays of micropillars. Cell spreading on the substrates produced deflection of micropillars which was used for estimation of cellular traction forces, and was closely associated with organization of stress fibers of actin filaments. Traction forces varied considerably among cells, showing the order of several 10 nN. After disruption of microtubules with nocodazole, traction forces significantly increased and there was no detectable change in formation of stress fibers. To inhibit the ROCK pathway, a signaling pathway of myosin light chain phosphorylation, possibly being induced by disruption of microtubules, significantly depressed the increase in traction forces after the disruption of microtubules. This result indicates that microtubules disassembly may regulate the actomyosin-based contractile system mainly through the ROCK pathway. The present study suggests that formation of stress fibers are mainly involved in cellular traction forces and a contribution of microtubules should include not only a force balance but also rather a modulator of the actomyosin contractile system in actin stress fibers. © 2010 by JSME.

A microwell array device with integrated microfluidic components for enhanced single-cell analysis
Sara Lindstrom, Kiichiroh Mori, Toshiro Ohashi, Helene Andersson-Svahn
ELECTROPHORESIS, 30, 24, 4166, 4171, WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH, 2009年12月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Increasing awareness of the importance of cell heterogeneity in many biological and medical contexts is prompting increasing interest in systems that allow single-cell analysis rather than conventional bulk analysis (which provides average values for variables of interest from large numbers of cells). Recently, we presented a microwell chip for long-term, high-throughput single-cell analysis. The chip has proved to be useful for purposes such as screening individual cancer and stem cells for protein/gene markers. However, liquids in the wells can only be added or changed by manually rinsing the chip, or parts of it. This procedure has several well-known drawbacks - including risks of cross-contamination, large dead volumes and laboriousness - but there have been few previous attempts to integrate liquid rinsing/switching channels in "ready-to-use" systems for single-cell analysis. Here we present a microwell system designed (using flow simulations) for single-cell analysis with integrated microfluidic components (microchannels, magnetically driven micropumps and reservoirs) for supplying the cell culture wells with reagents, or rinsing, thus facilitating controlled, directed liquid handling. It can be used totally independently, since tubing is not essential. The practical utility of the integrated system has been demonstrated by culturing endothelial cells in the microwells, and successfully applying live-cell Calcein AM staining. Systems such as this combining high-density microwell chips with microfluidic components have great potential in numerous screening applications, such as exploring the important, but frequently undetected, heterogeneity in drug responses among individual cells.

Tagged cine magnetic resonance imaging with a finite element model can predict the severity of retrosternal adhesions prior to redo cardiac surgery
Ichiro Yoshioka, Yoshikatsu Saiki, Azusa Ichinose, Kei Takase, Shoki Takahashi, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato, Koichi Tabayashi
JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY, 137, 4, 957, 962, MOSBY-ELSEVIER, 2009年04月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Objective: Reoperative median sternotomy entails a risk of damaging the heart or great vessels. If the severity of retrosternal adhesion is accurately assessed before sternal re-entry, resternotomy-related complications can be prevented. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate whether the severity of retrosternal adhesions can be accurately predicted by tagged cine magnetic resonance imaging.
Methods: Thirteen patients who were scheduled to undergo cardiac reoperation were investigated by electrocardiography-gated tagged cine magnetic resonance imaging before sternal re-entry. With the imaging data, the severity of retrosternal adhesion was scored visually on the basis of abnormality in regional myocardial motion and discordance in the tagged signals of the sternum and the myocardium. Also, with the aid of a finite element model, strain at the surface of the right ventricle was calculated on the basis of displacement of the tags on the heart over the cardiac cycle. For comparison, the adhesion severity was scored visually at the time of redo surgery by surgeons who were blinded to the preoperative assessment.
Results: The preoperative adhesion severity score, as determined visually by tagged cine magnetic resonance imaging, was correlated with the intraoperative severity score (correlation coefficient: r = 0.76, P < .01). Mean strain at the surface of the heart, as calculated preoperatively by finite element model analysis, was inversely correlated with the intraoperative adhesion severity score (r = -0.78, P < .01).
Conclusion: Tagged cine magnetic resonance imaging with a finite element model can provide an accurate quantitative assessment of retrosternal adhesions before redo cardiac surgery.

A versatile micro-mechanical tester for actin stress fibers isolated from cells
Tsubasa S. Matsui, Shinji Deguchi, Naoya Sakamoto, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato
BIORHEOLOGY, 46, 5, 401, 415, IOS PRESS, 2009年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Conventional atomic force microscopy is one of the major techniques to evaluate mechanical properties of cells and subcellular components. The use of a cantilever probe for sample manipulation within the vertical plane often makes absolute positioning of the probe, subject to thermal drift, difficult. In addition, the vertical test is unable to observe changes in the sample structure responsible for mechanical behavior detected by the probe. In the present study, an alternative mechanical tester was developed that incorporated a pair of micro-needles to manipulate a sample in a project plane, allowing acquisition of the accurate probe position and entire sample image. Using a vision-based feedback control, a micro-needle driven by a piezo actuator is moved to give user-defined displacements or forces to sample. To show its usefulness and versatility, three types of viscoelastic measurements on actin stress fibers isolated from smooth muscle cells were demonstrated: strain rate-controlled tensile tests, relaxation tests and creep tests. Fluorescence imaging of the stress fibers using Qdots over the course of the measurements, obtained through multiple image detectors, was also carried out. The technique described here is useful for examining the quantitative relationship between mechanical behavior and related structural changes of biomaterials.

Specificity of Traction Forces to Extracellular Matrix in Smooth Muscle Cells
T. Ohashi, H. Ichihara, N. Sakamoto, M. Sato
IFMBE Proceedings, 23, 2192, 2193, 2009年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）, Adherent cells are known to exert traction forces to adhere to their extracellular matrix at focal adhesions, where integrins interact with the extracellular matrix and mediate various cellular signals. Therefore, it is hypothesized that extracellular matrix-mediated integrin expression may modulate cellular traction forces, resulted in alterations in cell physiology. In this study, to test the hypothesis, traction force measurements are performed on bovine thoracic smooth muscle cells using a polydimethylsiloxane-based micropillar substrate coated with different types of extracellular matrix. The top of the micropillars was selectively coated with fibronectin (FN), vitronectin (VN), and type I collagen (COL I) at 30 and 50 μg/ml and cells were plated on the extracellular matrix-coated micropillars. For FN and VN, the cells have several spikes at the cell periphery, whereas, for COL I, the cell expresses relatively oval shape. At 30 μg/ml, traction forces were 5.5 ± 0.6, 5.8 ± 1.3 and 8.5 ± 2.2 nN for FN, VN, COL I, respectively. At 50 μg/ml, traction forces significantly increased compared to 30 μg/ml and were 12.4 ± 6.8, 13.5 ± 4.0 and 18.1± 4.7 nN for FN, VN, COL I, respectively. These results indicate that extracellular matrix may specifically modulate integrin expression followed by development of actin stress fibers, possibly leading to changes in traction forces. © 2009 International Federation of Medical and Biological Engineering.

Biaxial tensile properties of thoracic aortic aneurysm tissues
Takeo Matsumoto, Tomohiro Fukui, Toshihiro Tanaka, Naoko Ikuta, Toshiro Ohashi, Kiichiro Kumagai, Hiroji Akimoto, Koichi Tabayashi, Masaaki Sato
Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, 4, 4, 518, 529, 2009年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Mechanical properties of human aortic aneurysm tissues were measured with a biaxial tensile tester. Fifteen-mm-square specimens were obtained from thoracic aortic aneurysms of various origins and from undilated aortas adjacent to the aneurysms during aneurysmectomy, and were stored frozen until the measurement. Each specimen was stretched biaxially in physiological saline at room temperature at the rate of ~0.2 mm/sec. Although the ordered displacement was set equal for both directions, real strain applied to the specimens was not equibiaxial. The stress-strain curves under equibiaxial stretch were obtained by fitting measured curves with a strain energy function considering material anisotropy. Effects of freezing and ambient temperature on the mechanical properties were evaluated with porcine thoracic aortas. The mechanical properties of the frozen-stored specimens at 23oC were almost similar to those of the fresh specimens at 37oC. Elastic modulus at zero load averaged for both directions Hmi = (Hxi+Hyi)/2 was higher (P <
0.01) in the aneurysm tissues (1450 ± 250 kPa, mean ± SEM, n = 26) than in the undilated tissues (650 ± 140 kPa, n = 10). Anisotropy index K = |Hxi-Hyi|/Hmi was not significantly different between the aneurysm (20 ± 3%) and the undilated tissues (12 ± 3%) for all specimens. For the specimens whose elastic modulus Hmi was smaller than 1 MPa, however, the index K was significantly higher (P <
0.05) in the aneurysm specimens (23.1 ± 5.3%, n = 14) than the undilated tissues (9.5 ± 2.5%, n = 8). These results indicate aneurysm tissues are not only stiffer but also more anisotropic than the nonaneurysmal tissues.

High wall shear stress gradient suppress morphological responses of endothelial cells to fluid flow
M. Sato, N. Saito, N. Sakamoto, T. Ohashi
IFMBE Proceedings, 25, 4, 312, 313, 2009年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）, Arterial bifurcations are known as the common sites for development of cerebral aneurysms. Although localization of aneurysms suggests that high wall shear stress (WSS) and high wall shear stress gradient (WSSG) occurring at the bifurcations may be crucial factors for endothelial dysfunction involved in aneurysm formation, the details of the relationship between the hemodynamic environment and endothelial cell (EC) responses still remain unclear. In this study, we observed morphological responses of ECs under high WSS and high WSSG condition using a T-shaped flow chamber and under high WSS without WSSG condition using a parallel plate flow chamber to evaluate the effects of WSSG to ECs, After 24 h exposure to flow, ECs under high WSS (10 Pa) without WSSG condition oriented perpendicular to the flow, whereas ECs at high WSS (10 Pa) with WSSG condition did not cause EC alignment. After 72 h exposure to flow, ECs exposed to WSSG were not polarized whereas ECs at high WSS without WSSG condition orientated and elongated to the direction of flow. These results indicate that a WSSG may suppress orientation of ECs to the flow direction.

HIGH SHEAR STRESS INDUCES PRODUCTION OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS
Naoya Sakamoto, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2008, PTS A AND B, 61, 62, AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, 2009年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）

DYNAMIC CONTROL OF SLIDING DIRECTIONS OF KINESIN-DRIVEN MICROTUBULES WITH ROTATING ELECTRIC FIELDS
Shulkel Sugita, Naoya Sakamoto, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2008, PTS A AND B, 315, 316, AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, 2009年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）

Novel image analysis for trajectory of microtubules gliding on kinesins with tip detection
S. Sugita, N. Sakamoto, T. Ohashi, M. Sato
Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, 4, 3, 404, 414, 一般社団法人 日本機械学会, 2009年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Control of the gliding directions of kinesin-driven microtubules (MTs) in vitro has good feasibility for the development of nano-scale transport systems. A requirement for the control of transporters in these systems includes detecting the positions of gliding MTs; however, no studies have reported on the monitoring of the positions of gliding MTs. Here, we suggest an algorithm to detect tip coordinates of gliding MTs by binarization, skeletonization, and filtration of fluorescent images of MTs. The algorithm was first applied to artificially drawn segments with given lengths (10-80 pixels), widths (1-10 pixels), and curvature radii (20-120 pixels) to verify the effect of the sizes of MTs on accuracy of tip coordinates extracted by the algorithm, and error was estimated by referring to the true coordinates. The estimated errors were as small as 2 pixels in the width and were not affected by the length and the curvature radius, indicating that our algorithm is useful to extract the tips of MTs. The algorithm was subsequently applied to images of gliding MTs. Since distances from the trajectories of the MTs to the centers of gravity of the MTs (3.7 ± 2.1 pixels) were significantly larger than those to the tips (1.9 ± 0.5 pixels), the use of the tips as representative points of gliding MTs was verified. A detection method using tips of MTs, as suggested in this study, may be a useful technique for monitoring each MT in nanoscale transport systems.

Characterization of motility properties of kinesin-driven microtubules towards nano-scale transporter: Focusing on length of microtubules and kinesin density
S. Sugita, N. Sakamoto, T. Ohashi, M. Sato
Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, 3, 4, 510, 519, The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008年12月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Kinesins, biomolecular motors moving along microtubules (MTs) in cells, can potentially be utilized as nano-scale transport systems with an inverted gliding assay, in which the MTs glide on a kinesin-coated surface. Although the key requirements include controls of gliding direction and velocity of MTs, the details of motility properties of MTs have not been well known. In this study, we quantitatively measured angular and gliding velocities, particularly focusing on the effects of MT length and kinesin density. The gliding assay of MTs of up to 20 μm in length was performed on a substrate coated with the kinesin density of 7.5, 38, and 75 μg/ml that resulted in the kinesin spacing of 7.8, 4.2, and 3.1 μm, respectively. The angular velocity for MTs shorter than kinesin spacings significantly decreased with increasing their length, and that for MTs longer than kinesin spacings was not affected by their length. Moreover, the angular velocity was substantially higher at lower kinesin density. These results suggest that both the number of associated kinesins with MTs and the kinesin spacings may contribute to the gliding direction. In contrast, the gliding velocity was independent of the MT length, ranging from 0.3 to 0.5 μm/s with decreasing the kinesin density. This may potentially imply the existence of an underlying mechanism with respect to the number of kinesins per the unit length of MTs. Towards development of high throughput nano-scale transport systems, long MTs and low kinesin densities would be effective for high directionality and high velocity, respectively.

Remodeling of Endothelial Cell Nucleus Exposed to Three Different Mechanical Stimuli
Toshiro Ohashi, Kazuhiko Hanamura, Daisaku Azuma, Naoya Sakamoto, Masaaki Sato
Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, 3, 2, 63, 74, 2008年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Cell Nuclei play a critical role in controlling gene expression and replicating DNA, and is known to deform in association with cell shape changes in response to external forces. This study dealed with morphological analysis to quantitatively assess the effect of three different mechanical stimuli including fluid shear stress, cyclic stretching, and hydrostatic pressure on nucleus morphology. Fluorescence images showed that fluid shear stress and cyclic stretching induced cell elongation and orientation very specifically to the direction of flow and stretch, respectively. In contrast, hydrostatic pressure induced cell elongation at non-preferred orientation. The nuclei were also found to deform in the same manner as that of the cells, which was, in particular, dependent on the type of mechanical stimuli, possibly suggesting the direct mechanical linkages between cell surface receptors, cytoskeletal meshworks, and nuclei. It was also shown that cytoskeletal meshworks may contribute to pre-existing strain of the nuclei. © 2008, The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved.

Regulation of cyclic longitudinal mechanical stretch on proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Guanbin Song, Yang Ju, Hitoshi Soyama, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato
MCB Molecular and Cellular Biomechanics, 4, 4, 201, 210, 2007年12月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Mechanical stimulation is critical to both physiological and pathological states of living cells. Although a great deal of research has been done on biological and biochemical regulation of the behavior of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the influence of biomechanical factors on their behavior is still not fully documented. In this study, we investigated the modulation of mechanical stretch magnitude, frequency, and duration on the human marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) proliferation by an in vitro model system using a mechanical stretch loading apparatus, and optimized the stretch regime for the proliferation of hMSCs. We applied 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl tetrasodium bromide (MTT) assay to estimate the overall proliferative effects of the stretch on hMSCs. We found that fibronectin coating increased adhesion to silicone chamber surface, however, it did not show significant effect on proliferation of hMSCs. A frequency of 1 Hz was more effective in stimulating hMSCs proliferation. At 1 Hz, 5% strain for 15, 30, 60 min, the significant increase of hMSCs proliferation was observed. Proliferation was enhanced at 1 Hz, 10% strain for 15, 30 min, while decreased for 60 min. At 1 Hz, 15% strain, 15 min stretch resulted in the decrease of proliferation, and 30 min and 60 min stretch showed an increased proliferation. Long time (12 and 24 h) strain application blocked the proliferation. These results indicate that mechanical stretch plays an important role in hMSCs growth and proliferation
an appropriate mechanical stretch regime could be a novel approach to promoting proliferation of hMSCs in vitro. Copyright © 2007 Tech Science Press.

Experimental estimation of preexisting tension in single actin stress fiber of vascular cells
S. Deguchi, T. Ohashi, M. Sato
Biomechanics at Micro- and Nanoscale Levels, 60, 71, World Scientific Publishing Co., 2007年01月01日, ［査読有り］
英語, 論文集(書籍)内論文, Actin stress fibers (SFs) in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells play a critical role in transmitting intracellular forces between separate focal adhesion sites. However, quantitative studies on the berable tension level for single SFs have not yet appeared. Here, we estimated magnitude of preexisting tension in SFs based on measurements of their preexisting stretching strain and tensile properties. Cultured cells expressing fluorescentlylabeled actin were treated with detergents to extract the acin bundles. One end of an individual SF was then dislodged from the substrate by using a microneedle, resulting in a shortening of the SF due to a release of preexisting tension. Tensile tests of the isolated single SFs were conducted with a pair of cantilevers to measure the force required for stretching it up to the original length that corresponds to preexisting tension. The magnitude of the preexisting tension, ~10 nN on average, was comparable in magnitude to previously reported data on the cell traction force generated by living adherent cells at focal adhesion sites to keep cell integrity. The Young’s modulus of the isolated SFs was estimated to be ~300-1500 kPa from the tensile tests. These data will be fundamental in considering the intracellular force transmission mechanism in vascular cells.

Biomechanical role of intracellular structures in smooth muscle cells estimated by traction force measurements
Toshiro Ohashi, Shouji Nakamura, Naoya Sakamoto, Masaaki Sato
2007 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MICRO-NANO MECHATRONICS AND HUMAN SCIENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, 400, +, IEEE, 2007年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）, This study addresses a technique to explore mechanical role of intracellular structures by using a triton cytoskeleton model (TC model) for traction force measurements. Inhibition of signaling pathways of myosin light chain phosphorylation, possibly being induced by disruption of mictotubules, is also performed. Traction forces for the TC model significantly decreased compared to control. In contrast, traction forces significantly increased from 10.3 +/- 2.5 nN to 13.3 +/- 3.7 nN after treatment of nocodazole, which is well consistent with previous studies. From these results, not only cytoskeletal structures but also other cellular components such as cytoplasm should be involved in cell mechanics. Separate fluorescence studies showed that microtubules disruption induced myosin light chain phosphorylation. Exposure to Y27632 showed that traction forces decreased by 80% compared to control within 15 min and the following treatment with nocodazole showed only 40% recovery from the priori decreased forces. This result indicates that microtubules disassembly may modulate the actomyosin mechanism leading to the increase in traction forces, mainly through the ROCK pathway. It can be concluded that contribution of microtubules should include not only a force balance but also a modulator of the actomyosin-based contractile system.

Editorial
S. Deguchi, K. Maeda, T. Ohashi, M. Sato
Journal of Biomechanics, 39, 7, 1362, 2006年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Mechanical properties of stress fiber in adherent vascular cells characterized by in vitro micromanipulation
Shinji Deguchi, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato
FUTURE MEDICAL ENGINEERING BASED ON BIONANOTECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS, 71, +, WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD, 2006年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）, Intracellular tension transmission through basal actin stress fibers (SFs) running between separate focal adhesion sites has been proposed to play a role in sensing extracellular forces to adapt the adherent cell structure. However, quantitative descriptions of tension level in SFs are still poorly studied. Here, magnitude of preexisting tension in single SFs of endothelial cells was evaluated by in vitro tensile test. Single SFs were isolated from the cells with a combination of low ionic-strength solution and detergent extractions. A tensile test was conducted with a pair of micro-cantilevers driven by a piezo-electric actuator to measure the mechanical properties of the isolated single SF and the force required for stretching it up to its original length, yielding an estimate of the preexisting tension. The Young's modulus was estimated similar to 290 kPa assuming that the specimen was homogeneous. The magnitude of the preexisting tension, 4 nN on average, was comparable to previously reported data of the traction force generated by adherent cells at single adhesion sites to keep cell integrity. These data will contribute to quantitative understanding of intracellular stress transmission mechanism in adherent cells.

Frequency of shear stress modulates morphology and integrin expression of vascular endothelial cells
Kazushi Ito, Naoya Sakamoto, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato
FUTURE MEDICAL ENGINEERING BASED ON BIONANOTECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS, 103, +, WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD, 2006年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）, In vivo, endothelial cells are exposed to varying frequencies of pulsatile flow. However, little is known of how their frequency affects cell morphology and function. In this study, the effects of frequency of pulsatile flow on morphology and 03 integrin expression of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) were investigated. BAEC were exposed to pulsatile flow at frequencies of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 Hz for 12 h using a newly developed flow-system. BAEC at 0.5 and 1.0 Hz elongated and oriented with the direction of flow and exhibited developed stress fibers parallel to the cell major axis, and these morphological changes were similar to these of BAEC under steady flow conditions. BAEC showed elongation but a random orientation after exposure to 1.5 Hz pulsatile flow. Fluorescent staining revealed that the expression of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin at 1.0 Hz was significantly higher at the central regions of cells than at the upstream regions. In contrast, at 0.5 and 1.5 Hz, the expression of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin was significantly higher at the upstream regions than at the central regions. These findings suggest that frequency of pulsatile flow play important roles in morphological changes and alpha(v)beta(3) integrin expression in EC.

Biomechanical approach to endothelial cell responses to fluid shear stress and hydrostatic pressure
Toshiro Ohashi, Naoya Sakamoto, Masaaki Sato
FUTURE MEDICAL ENGINEERING BASED ON BIONANOTECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS, 23, +, WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD, 2006年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）, Vascular endothelial cells are an interface between blood vessel walls and blood flow, and are widely known to play important roles in physiological functions of the walls. Since endothelial cell responses to fluid shear stress have been implicated in the localization of atherosclerosis, the effect of shear stress on endothelial cell morphology and functions has been exclusively studied. After applying fluid shear stress, cultured endothelial cells show marked elongation and orientation in the direction of flow. In addition, thick stress fibers of actin filaments appear and align along the cell long axis. In contrast, although endothelial cells are always exposed to hydrostatic pressure in vivo, little is known of how hydrostatic pressure affects endothelial cell morphology and functions. We have recently reported that endothelial cells exposed to hydrostatic pressure exhibited marked elongation and orientation with the random direction, together with development of centrally located, thick stress fibers. Pressured endothelial cells also exhibited multilayered structure unlike under control conditions. These results indicate that endothelial cells may respond very specifically to the type of imposed mechanical stimuli including fluid shear stress and hydrostatic pressure. The purpose of this study is to summarize endothelial cell responses to both fluid flow and hydrostatic pressure, focusing on the changes in cell shape and cytoskeletal structure.

Hydrostatic pressure influences sub-cellular localization of beta-catenin of vascular endothelial cells
Katherine Baria, Yoshiaki Sugaya, Naoya Sakamoto, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato
FUTURE MEDICAL ENGINEERING BASED ON BIONANOTECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS, 61, +, WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD, 2006年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）, The subcellular location of beta-catenin and N-cadherin in cultured bovine endothelial cells (ECs) exposed to hydrostatic pressure was investigated. ECs were exposed to physiological blood pressure under a hydrostatic head of culture medium for 24 hours. Pressured ECs exhibited changes in morphology and proliferation. Immunofluorescent localization of beta-catenin and N-cadherin indicated changes in their distribution in pressured compared to control cells. beta-catenin was located at the cell membrane in control cells but in the cytoplasm and nucleus of pressured cells. In contrast, N-cadherin was associated with the cell membrane in pressure cells. Changes in the location of these two proteins in ECs have previously been associated with increase proliferation and changes in cell morphology. Therefore the hydrostatic pressure induced changes in these may be mediated, in part, by beta-catenin and N-cadherin.

Effect of strain rate on tensile properties of stress fibers isolated from cultured smooth muscle cells
Tsubasa Matsui, Shinji Deguchi, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato
FUTURE MEDICAL ENGINEERING BASED ON BIONANOTECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS, 129, +, WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD, 2006年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）, As only a few studies have been reported so far, mechanical properties of stress fibers (SF) have poorly been understood, mainly due to difficulties with experimental technique. A previous study in our laboratory has described development of a micro-tensile tester to measure tensile properties of single SF chemically isolated from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Tensile tests were performed at a single strain rate of 0.02 s(-1). In this study, the strain rate dependency of tensile properties of SF was investigated. The results showed that the initial stiffness of SF at strain rate of 0.01 s(-1), 0.05 s(-1) and 0.1 s(-1) were 0.010 +/- 0.004 N/m, 0.006 +/- 0.006 N/m, 0.028 +/- 0.0 11 N/m, respectively. Averaged force-strain relationships were found to be almost linear in the physiological strain range of 0.0-0.4 for 0.01 s(-1) and 0.05 s(-1). These linear relationships were consistent with a previous report at a strain rate of 0.02 s(-1). In contrast, the force-strain relationship was nonlinear for the 0.1 s(-1) strain rate. The reason for this difference is unclear, possibly due to a threshold in strain rate between 0.0 1 s(-1) and 0.1 s(-1). Mechanical properties of SF may be strain rate dependent, particularly having a threshold in the linearity of the force-strain relationships.

Control of cell morphology and measurement of traction forces of smooth muscle cells using microfabricated substrates
Toshiro Ohashi, Junichi Yamazaki, Norifumi Kameda, Masaaki Sato
2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MICRO-NANOMECHATRONICS AND HUMAN SCIENCE, 140, +, IEEE, 2006年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）, Cellular traction forces are known to play an important role in the interactions between cells and their substrates. Although several studies have estimated traction forces using microfabrication techniques, little is known of how intracellular structures contribute to traction forces. In this study, microfabricated substrates with different arrays of microposts were used to estimate traction forces of smooth muscle cells, particularly exploring the contribution of cytoskeletal structures to traction forces. Smooth muscle cells isolated from bovine aortas were transfected with fluorescent protein conjugates, and then plated on an elastomer substrate with arrays of microposts (3 pin in diameter, 10 pin in height, 6 or 10 pin in spacing). The total area of the microposts arrays was designed to be 30 pin x 30 pin to control cell area. A BrdU incorporation assay revealed that cell proliferation significantly decreased when the spacing of microposts was increased from 6 to 10 mu m. A significant increase in traction forces from 15.2 +/- 1.4 to 22.4 +/- 1.8 nN was also found by increasing the spacing of the microposts, although less organization of stress fibers was observed. This result indicates that, for the 10 pin spacing, actin-myosin interactions may be more activated, producing higher forces per microposts. Moreover, when microtubules were disrupted, using 10 mu g/ml nocodazole, a 30% increase in traction forces was observed in cells plated on both sets of microposts. Therefore, this study proposes that the contraction forces of stress fibers are mainly involved in cellular traction forces, and that microtubules, directly or indirectly, contribute to the contraction forces of stress fibers.

吸収性素材フェルトの吻合部大動脈壁に及ぼす影響に関する研究
藤原 英記, 小田 克彦, 齋木 佳克, 吉岡 一朗, 河津 聡, 佐藤 真一, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 田畑 泰彦, 田林 晄一
The Japanese Journal of THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY, 53, Suppl.II, 395, 395, シュプリンガー・ジャパン(株), 2005年09月
日本語

Mechanical properties and function of the spinal pia mater.
Hiroshi Ozawa, Takeo Matsumoto, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato, Shoichi Kokubun
Journal of neurosurgery. Spine, 1, 1, 122, 7, 2004年07月, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, OBJECT: The pia mater has received little attention regarding its function in the deformation of the spinal cord under compression. In this study the mechanical properties and function of the spinal pia mater were investigated using three methods. METHODS: Spinal cord segments were excised from rabbits. The elastic modulus of the pia mater was measured by performing a tensile test using specimens with the pia mater intact and ones with the pia mater stripped off. The stiffness of the spinal cord was examined by performing a compression test with specimens containing an intact pia mater and ones with a pia mater that was incised at both sides. The cross-sectional area and circumference of the spinal cord were measured on axial views of magnetic resonance images in patients with cervical disc herniations before and after surgery. The pia mater had an elastic modulus of 2300 kPa, which was 460 times higher than that of spinal cord parenchyma. By covering the parenchyma, it tripled the overall elastic modulus of the spinal cord. The pia mater increased the stiffness of the spinal cord and enhanced its shape recovery after removal of the compression. The cross-sectional area of the spinal cord increased after surgery, whereas the circumference of the spinal cord changed little. CONCLUSIONS: The pia mater firmly covers the spinal cord and has a high elastic modulus; it therefore provides a constraint on the spinal cord surface. It prevents elongation of the circumference and produces a large strain energy that is responsible for shape restoration following decompression.

Finite element analysis of sheared endothelial cells using structural optimization method　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
S. Seo, T. Ohashi, T. Matsumoto, M. Sato
Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Advanced Fluid Information, 143, 146, 2001年
英語, 研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）

Surface topography measurement and intracellular stress analysis of cultured endothelial cells exposed to fluid shear stress
T Ohashi, H Sugawara, T Matsumoto, M Sato
JSME INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL SERIES C-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS MACHINE ELEMENTS AND MANUFACTURING, 43, 4, 780, 786, JAPAN SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, 2000年12月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Intracellular stress distributions in cultured endothelial cells exposed to fluid shear stress were studied using finite-element analysis, in which cell surface geometries were measured by atomic force microscopy. After applying shear stress, the endothelial cells showed marked elongation and orientation in the flow direction. Finite-element analysis indicated that wall shear stress in the central region around the nucleus was significantly higher than those in the upstream and downstream sides for both control, statically cultured cells, and sheared cells, but the intracellular stress concentrations between the central regions and the other two sides reduced with fluid flow. Fluorescent images showed that stress fibers of F-actin bundles were mainly formed in the central portion of the cells. These results indicate that endothelial cells may change their cytoskeletal structures to increase their stiffness and reduce stress concentrations in the cells.

An application of the pipette technique to the measurement of local mechanical properties of aortic walls　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
M. Sato, T. Matsumoto, T. Ohashi
Proceedings of Toyota International Symposium on Human Life Support Biomechanics, 147, 154, 2000年
英語, 研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）

Intramural distribution of elastic moduli in thoracic aortas and its relationship to histology: Comparison between porcine and bovine thoracic aortas
T Ohashi, Y Kato, T Matsumoto, M Sato
JSME INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL SERIES C-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS MACHINE ELEMENTS AND MANUFACTURING, 42, 3, 568, 573, JAPAN SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, 1999年09月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Local elastic moduli in the wall of porcine thoracic aortas were measured in the axial, circumferential, and radial directions by the pipette aspiration method. The local elastic moduli in the three directions were found to be independent of wall position. Then, histological analysis using color classification based on Mahalanobis' generalized distance was performed to quantitatively assess the correlation between elastic moduli and histology. Porcine thoracic aortas had a typical layered structure. The area fraction values, i.e,, the percentage area of three structural components, elastin, collagen fibers and smooth muscle cells, were almost uniform in the wall. On the other hand, the moduli in bovine aortas reported previously decreased significantly from the inner to the outer sides of the wall,The histological structure was not homogeneous, that is, large clusters of smooth muscle cells existed in the outer side. These results suggest that the intramural distributions of elastic moduli are closely correlated with the histological structure.

Local elastic moduli of aortic walls measured by pipette aspiration technique　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
T. Ohashi, T. Matsumoto, T. Aoki, M. Sato
Proceedings of 4th China-Japan-USA-Singapore Conference on Biomechanics, 115, 118, 1995年
英語, 研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）

有限要素法による直立二足歩行時の仙腸関節の動きと負荷変化の解析　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
黒澤 大輔, 豊原 涼太, Hammer Niels, Uwe Lingslebe, 本田 啓太, 関口 雄介, 出江 紳一, 村上 栄一, 小澤 浩司, 大橋 俊朗, Journal of Spine Research, 11, 3, 456, 456, 2020年03月
(一社)日本脊椎脊髄病学会, 日本語

有限要素法による仙腸関節の運動と周囲靱帯による運動制限の解析
豊原 涼太, 黒澤 大輔, 本田 啓太, 関口 雄介, 出江 紳一, 村上 栄一, 小澤 浩司, 大橋 俊朗, バイオフロンティア講演会講演論文集, 2020.31, 1C14, 2020年
一般社団法人 日本機械学会, 日本語

軟骨細胞の力学的ストレス応答におけるスフィンゴ糖脂質の機能解析　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
松原 新史, 小野寺 智洋, 門間 太輔, 馬場 力哉, 本谷 和俊, 上徳 善太, 宝満 健太郎, 岩崎 倫政, 大橋 俊朗, 前田 英次郎, 北海道整形災害外科学会雑誌, 60, 1, 145, 146, 2018年08月
北海道整形災害外科学会, 日本語

軟骨細胞の力学的ストレス応答におけるスフィンゴ糖脂質の機能解析　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
松原 新史, 小野寺 智洋, 門間 太輔, 馬場 力哉, 本谷 和俊, 上徳 善太, 宝満 健太郎, 岩崎 倫政, 前田 英次郎, 大橋 俊朗, 北海道整形災害外科学会雑誌, 59, 2, 253, 254, 2018年03月
北海道整形災害外科学会, 日本語

軟骨細胞の力学的ストレス応答におけるスフィンゴ糖脂質の機能解析
松原新史, 小野寺智洋, 前田英次郎, 門間太輔, 馬場力哉, 本谷俊彦, 上徳善太, 宝満健太郎, 大橋俊朗, 大橋俊朗, 岩崎倫政, 日本整形外科学会雑誌, 91, 8, S1774, S1774, 2017年08月31日
(公社)日本整形外科学会, 日本語

軟骨細胞の力学的ストレス応答におけるスフィンゴ糖脂質の機能解析　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
松原新史, 小野寺智洋, 前田英次郎, 門間太輔, 馬場力哉, 本谷和俊, 上徳善太, 宝満健太郎, 大橋俊朗, 岩崎倫政, 第30回日本軟骨代謝学会, 120, 2017年03月

Depletion Of Glycosphingolipids Induces The Excessive Response Of Chondrocytes Under Mechanical Stress Condition.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Shinji Matsubara, Tomohiro Onodera, Eijiro Maeda, Daisuke Momma, Masatake Matsuoka, Rikiya Baba, Kazutoshi Hontani, Zenta Joutoku, Kentarou Homan Homan, Toshiro Ohashi, Norimasa Iwasaki, The 63th Annual Meeting of Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS), 2017年03月
英語

2D15 引張り負荷下における腱細胞間ギャップ結合コミュニケーションの経時変化
片 海丞, 前田 英次郎, 大橋 俊朗, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2016, 28, "2D15, 1"-"2D15-4", 2016年01月09日
Gap junction communication is known to play essential roles in tenocyte functions in response to mechanical loading. In our previous study, it was exhibited that an application of static tensile strain with a physiological amplitude for 1h promoted gap junction communication in tenocytes while overloading strain suppressed gap junction communication. However, temporal regulation of gap junction communication during an extended static loading has not been characterized. Accordingly, the present study tested a hypothesis that gap junction communication is regulated in a manner depending on the duration of mechanical loading. Gap junction communication was investigated using a fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) technique. It was demonstrated that the level of gap junction communication was fluctuated under physiological 4% static strain during 24h period, while it was gradually increased under 8% static strain., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 英語

2D33 温熱刺激による腱細胞炎症性応答における細胞間物質輸送の寄与
前田 英次郎, 田代 真啓, 大橋 俊朗, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2016, 28, "2D33, 1"-"2D33-5", 2016年01月09日
Tendinopathy has been one of major health concerns in orthopaedic surgery, not only for active athletes but also for others like office workers. Although the exact etiology of tendinopathy has yet to be elucidated, it has been demonstrated that tendon core temperature elevated up to 43 to 45 degree Celsius when humans or racehorses are subjected to extensive exercises (harsh running). A long exposure to such high temperature could induce cell death. However, effects of the exposure to the high temperature for relatively short terms (simulating running activity) on tenocyte functions are still not understood. Therefore, the present study was performed to investigate how tenocyte anabolism and catabolism are altered by a short thermal stimulation. In addition, the present study tested a hypothesis that such alterations of tenocyte functions are dependent in the presence of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC). It was demonstrated that tenocyte GJIC was not significantly altered by a 30 minutes exposure to 43 degree. However, catabolic and inflammatory gene expressions were significantly upregulated following a 24 h post-heating culture period. With the presence of GJ blocker, upregulation of catabolic genes by the thermal stimulation was inhibited, although inflammatory gene expression was further enhanced. These results may indicate that GJIC in part contribute to alterations in tenocyte functions in response to thermal stimulation in a complicated manner., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

高度物理刺激と生体応答(トピックス)
佐藤 岳彦, 大橋 俊朗, 川野 聡恭, 白樫 了, 日本機械学會誌, 118, 1165, 758, 758, 2015年12月05日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

OS20-5 Novel Experimental Device for Applying Cyclic Tensile Strain and Fluid Shear Stress to Tenocytes in Vitro(Experimental biomechanics and bioengineering 2,OS20 Experimental biomechanics and bioengineering,BIOMECHANICS)
Ohashi Toshiro, Hagiwara Yasufumi, Wang James H-C, Maeda Eijiro, Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics, 2015, 14, 255, 255, 2015年10月04日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 英語

J0220101 IL-1β刺激に対する単離腱細胞の形態・機能変化における細胞内張力レベル依存性の解明
前田 英次郎, 村松 知美, 大橋 俊朗, 年次大会 : Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan, 2015, "J0220101, 1"-"J0220101-4", 2015年09月13日
Tendon is known to remodel its structure and alter mechanical properties in response to changes in its mechanical environment. Tendon cells, tenocytes, are thought to play significant roles in tendon tissue remodelling, by responding to mechanical stress. Like other adherent cells, tenocytes exert traction forces to their substrate when the cells attach to the substrate. Cell traction forces are thought to reflect the level of intracellular tension generated in actin cytoskeletons. It has been shown that intracellular tension level is a regulatory factor of tenocyte catabolism. Accordingly, the present study hypothesized that tenocyte response to interleukin-1β is dependent on the level of intracellular tension. Tenocytes, isolated from rabbit Achilles tendons, were seeded microfabricated, elastic micropillar substrates, and were subjected to the treatment of IL-1β at four different concentrations. It was demonstrated that tenocyte traction force level was dependent on the elastic modulus of micropillar substrates. In addition, cells on softer substrates were more prone to the stimulation of the catabolic agent, exhibiting a greater change in cell morphology. These results suggest that tenocytes with a low level of intracellular tension, which implies that the cells are catabolic, are stimulated by catabolic/inflammatory agents and further enhance their catabolism., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

1C43 マイクロピペット吸引法を用いたスフィンゴ糖脂質欠損マウス膝軟骨細胞の力学特性評価(OS2-4:細胞・分子のバイオメカニクス(4))
中島 俊了, 前田 英次郎, 松原 新史, 門間 太輔, 小野寺 智洋, 岩崎 倫政, 大橋 俊朗, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2015, 27, 129, 130, 2015年01月08日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

1C13 高温環境が腱細胞の異化作用および細胞間物質輸送に与える影響(OS2-1:細胞・分子のバイオメカニクス(1))
田代 真啓, 前田 英次郎, 大橋 俊朗, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2015, 27, 101, 102, 2015年01月08日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

J0270204 FLIP法を用いた腱細胞間シグナル伝達に及ぼす力学負荷の影響([J027-02]細胞および分子のマイクロ・ナノスケール解析(2),バイオエンジニアリング部門)
前田 英次郎, 大橋 俊朗, 年次大会 : Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan, 2014, "J0270204, 1"-"J0270204-4", 2014年09月07日
Gap junctions have been known to be involved in regulations of cell functions. It is also suggested that gap junction intercellular communications (GJICs) between tenocytes play an essential role in collagen synthesis in response to mechanical loadings. However, there were little knowledge on how GJICs are mechanically regulated and how changes in GJIC affect tenocyte functions. Accordingly, the present study has proposed a new numerical model to estimate intra- and intercellular diffusivity, based on one-dimensional diffusion theory, by fitting the model to data obtained from FLIP experiments, which visualises intercellular mass transport using a confocal laser microscope. Tenocytes were seeded within microgrooves integrated in a custom-made PDMS device, and were loaded with calcein-AM. FLIP experiment consisted of a series of instantaneous 100% power laser irradiation provided to one of tenocytes in a series every 2.6 second for 99 times, and fluorescence decay profiles of the targeted tenocyte and its neighbouring cells were obtained. Using the numerical model, intracellular and intercellular diffusion coefficient of tenocytes under static culture was estimated to be 25.3 and 1.06 μm^2/sec, respectively. The latter was significantly increased by an application of physiological, 4% tensile strain to the tenocytes, whereas that was significantly reduced by excessive, 8% tensile strain to the cells. Therefore, it can be concluded that physiological mechanical loading enhances intercellular communications, whereas non-physiological, overloading disrupt them., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

OS0612 衝撃負荷に対する軟骨細胞の力学応答解析
大橋 俊朗, 中田 佑, M&M材料力学カンファレンス, 2014, "OS0612, 1"-"OS0612-2", 2014年07月19日
Since articular chondrocytes are in vivo exposed to complex mechanical environment, it is important to study whether chondrocyte responses to such mechanical environment are closely related to articular cartilage diseases such as osteoarthritis. In this study, chondrocytes are exposed to an impact loading with drop tower impact testing and the associated cell deformation is examined based on actin filament structures. Cell aspect ratio, an index of cell deformation, was significantly decreased after impact loading, exhibiting a circular shape for the control group and an ellipsoidal shape for the impact groups. This finding suggests that chondrocytes can be deformed by impact loading, possibly leading to an alternation in cell physiological functions., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

2F13 Double-networkゲルの構成要素PAMPSがATDC5細胞の軟骨分化に及ぼす影響(OS15-1:骨・軟骨再生のための組織工学的アプローチ(1))
土谷 斉司, 前田 英次郎, 黒川 孝幸, 〓 剣萍, 北村 信人, 安田 和則, 大橋 俊朗, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2014, 26, 481, 482, 2014年01月10日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

A205 マイクロピラー基質を用いた細胞骨格張力操作が腱細胞機能に及ぼす影響(A2-1細胞バイオメカニクス)
前田 英次郎, 杉本 恵, 小里 陽太郎, 大橋 俊朗, バイオフロンティア講演会講演論文集, 2013, 24, 57, 58, 2013年10月31日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

OS0712 マルチチャネルデバイスを用いた細胞遊走観察と牽引力計測
大橋 俊朗, 菅原 章人, Justin Cooper-White, M&M材料力学カンファレンス, 2013, "OS0712, 1"-"OS0712-2", 2013年10月12日
Cell migration plays an important role in many physiological and pathological events, however, the mechanism of collective cell migration has not been well understood. This study performs traction force microscopy on migrating NIH 3T3 fibroblasts using a multichanel device. The device consists of a reservoir for cell culture and 24 microchannels with arrays of micropillars for traction force microscopy. Here, the effect of anisotropic properties in stiffness of substrate on collective cell migration is tested with ellipsoidal cross section of micropillars. The results showed that cells migrated into the microchannels and produced higher traction forces in the direction of major axis of micropillars. This finding suggests that cell can sense the stiffness of substrate and produce traction forces depending on the stiffness, resulting in difference in cell migration rate., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

J026036 マイクロチャネルデバイスを用いた細胞遊走観察と牽引力計測([J026-03]細胞および分子のマイクロ・ナノスケール解析(3))
大橋 俊朗, 菅原 章人, COOPER-WHITE Justin, 年次大会 : Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan, 2013, "J026036, 1"-"J026036-3", 2013年09月08日
Cell migration plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes such as morphogenesis, wound healing, and tumor metastasis. Although the majority of such events occur with cells moving as a group, called collective cell migration, the mechanism of collective cell migrations has not been well understood. This study performs traction force microscopy on migrating NIH 3T3 fibroblasts by using a microfabricated device to clarify the mechanism of collective cell migration. The device consists of a reservoir for establishing a confluent cell monolayer and 24 microchannels with arrays of micropillars that are used for traction force microscopy. Here the effect of anisotropic properties in stiffness of substrate on cell migration is tested with ellipsoidal cross section of micropillars. Cells produced higher traction forces in the direction of major axis of micropillars. Moreover, cells migrated faster when the major axis of micropillars is parallel to the direction of microchannels. These results suggest that cell can sense the stiffness of substrate and produce traction forces depending on the stiffness, leading to modulation of cell migration rate., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

(1)Biomechanical Contribution of Cytoskeletal Structures to Traction Forces in Cultured Smooth Muscle Cells
大橋 俊朗, 亀田 憲史, 中村 昌司, 佐藤 正明, 日本機械学會誌, 116, 1134, 289, 289, 2013年05月05日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

Double‐Networkゲル上で培養したATDC5細胞の軟骨分化メカニズム
前田英次郎, 堤健博, 黒川孝幸, 北村信人, GONG Jian Ping, 安田和則, 大橋俊朗, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 25th, 25, 221, 222, 2013年01月08日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

A217 マイクロピラー法による腱細胞の細胞骨格張力および機能の調節に関する検討(A2-3 細胞のバイオメカニクス2)
杉本 恵, 前田 英次郎, 大橋 俊朗, バイオフロンティア講演会講演論文集, 2012, 23, 125, 126, 2012年10月04日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

A212 マイクロピラーデバイスを用いた流れ負荷内皮細胞の牽引力計測(A2-3 細胞のバイオメカニクス2)
仁井田 優作, 佐藤 正明, 大橋 俊朗, バイオフロンティア講演会講演論文集, 2012, 23, 117, 118, 2012年10月04日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

B213 マイクロウェルスライドを利用した段階的濃度分布生成デバイスの開発(B2-3 医療機器1)
堺 学, 松井 俊祐, Weibull Emilie, Andersson-Svahn Helene, 大橋 俊朗, バイオフロンティア講演会講演論文集, 2012, 23, 151, 152, 2012年10月04日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

J028034 流れ負荷血管内皮細胞の牽引力ダイナミクス
仁井田 優作, 佐藤 正明, 大橋 俊朗, 年次大会 : Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan, 2012, "J028034, 1"-"J028034-3", 2012年09月09日
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are lining the entire vascular trees and constantly exposed to blood flow. ECs demonstrate elongation and orientation in response to blood flow and physiological functions of ECs are known to be affected by fluid shear stress. Adherent cells such as ECs are known to generate contractile forces to their substrate through focal adhesion sites as traction forces. Cell traction forces reveal not only intracellular mechanics but also physiological state. In order to monitor changes of traction forces of ECs in response to fluid flow, we have newly developed a flow-imposed device, in which a substrate with arrays of microfabricated elastomeric pillars is integrated at the bottom of a parallel plate flow chamber. The present study was performed to characterize spatio-temporal distributions of traction forces of ECs undergoing remodeling process to fluid shear stress and to examine the relationship between the changes of cell traction forces and cell morphology., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

J028023 細胞骨格張力が単離腱細胞の代謝能へ与える影響
杉本 恵, 前田 英次郎, 大橋 俊朗, 年次大会 : Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan, 2012, "J028023, 1"-"J028023-4", 2012年09月09日
Tendon is subjected to dynamic mechanical loading in vivo and thus effects of cyclic tensile loading on tenocyte metabolism have been well characterized. However, the relationship between cell metabolism and cytoskeletal tension has not been studied in detail. Elastic micropillars made from silicone elastomer (PDMS) have been proposed to measure cellular traction forces which reflect cytoskeletal tension. Micropillar substrates with three different stiffness were prepared by changing the height of the pillars. First, to examine the effects of the substrate stiffness, tenocytes isolated from bovine tendons were seeded on the micropillar substrates. At the end of 24 hrs incubation period, cellular traction forces were determined. Real-time qPCR was also performed to examine the expressions of type I collagen (anabolic gene) and MMP-1 (catabolic gene) mRNA from tenocytes. In addition, to examine the role of acto-myosin contractility, tenocytes were treated with myosin II inhibitor, blebbistatin at 20 hrs. It was found that there were significant increases in cellular traction forces with increasing stiffness of micropillar substrates. Although there were no significant differences in the expression level of type I collagen among the three substrates, significant increases were observed in the expression level of MMP-1 with decreasing in stiffness of substrate. Moreover, traction forces decreased and the expression level of MMP-1 increased with the treatment of blebbistatin. This may indicate that intracellular cytoskeletal tension, driven by acto-myosin contractility, could strongly influence tenocyte catabolism rather than anabolism., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

702 大動脈瘤壁の力学特性と引張強さの関連-破裂を予測する指標の構築を目指して-(OS9-1 臨床へのバイオメカニクス1,OS9 臨床へのバイオメカニクス)
杉田 修啓, 松本 健郎, 大橋 俊朗, 熊谷 紀一郎, 秋元 弘治, 田林 晄一, 佐藤 正明, 東海支部総会講演会講演論文集, 2012, 61, "702, 1"-"702-2", 2012年03月15日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

7C41 マイクロピラー実装マルチチャネルデバイスを用いた細胞遊走時の牽引力計測(OS23 細胞のメカニカルダイナミクス)
菅原 章人, 前田 英次郎, COOPER-WHITE Justin John, 大橋 俊朗, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2012, 24, "7C41, 1"-"7C41-2", 2012年01月06日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

7C22 マイクロフルイディクスを応用した段階的濃度分布生成バイオチップの開発(GS06 細胞のバイオメカニクス1)
松井 俊祐, 前田 英次郎, WEIBULL Emilie, ANDERSSON-SVAHN Helene, 大橋 俊朗, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2012, 24, "7C22, 1"-"7C22-2", 2012年01月06日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

7C42 流れせん断応力負荷内皮細胞の形態変化過程における牽引力計測(OS23 細胞のメカニカルダイナミクス)
仁井田 優作, 前田 英次郎, 佐藤 正明, 大橋 俊朗, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2012, 24, "7C42, 1"-"7C42-2", 2012年01月06日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

7F41 基質剛性が単離腱細胞の牽引力と代謝能へ与える影響(GS05 ティッシュエンジニアリング)
杉本 恵, 前田 英次郎, 大橋 俊朗, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2012, 24, "7F41, 1"-"7F41-2", 2012年01月06日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

7E42 微小溝付き新規細胞培養デバイスを用いた腱細胞の力学応答解析(GS08 医用マイクロデバイス)
萩原 康史, 前田 英次郎, WANG James H.C., 大橋 俊朗, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2012, 24, "7E42, 1"-"7E42-2", 2012年01月06日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

ATDC5細胞の軟骨分化過程における力学特性計測
堤健博, 前田英次郎, 北村信人, 安田和則, 大橋俊朗, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 24th (CD-ROM), 24, ROMBUNNO.7F42, 1"-"7F42-2", 2012年01月06日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

S022031 マイクロピラー実装マルチチャネルデバイスを用いた線維芽細胞遊走時の牽引力計測([S02203]細胞および分子のマイクロ・ナノスケール解析(3))
菅原 章人, 大橋 俊朗, 年次大会 : Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan, 2011, "S022031, 1"-"S022031-4", 2011年09月11日
Cell migration is essential for a variety of biological and pathological processes such as wound healing, inflammation and tumor metastasis. However, a mechanical field within a group of multiple cells during a collective migration has not been characterized well. In this study, a polydimethylsiloxane-made multichannel device was fabricated using photolithography and soft lithography, and was used to monitor traction forces generated by cells during migration. The device consists of a reservoir for establishing a confluent cell monolayer, attached with 24 microchannels for cell migration. Four patterns of micropillars were designed on the bottom surface of the microchannels to measure cell traction forces during migration on four combinations of substrate stiffness and topography. Collective cell migration from the reservoir into the microchannels was initiated when the channels were backfilled with culture medium. Migration rate of 5.7 pm/h was measured in the microchannel equipped with micropillars whose dimensions were 6.5 pm in height, 2 pm in diameter and 7 pm in spacing. In detail, cells on the moving front of the migration, leading cells, generated the traction forces toward the backward and the maximum magnitude of 14 nN was measured at their front side. Traction forces generated by the cells behind the leading cells directed backward at both the front and the rear sides. However, traction forces generated by the cells behind the second row directed random directions with smaller magnitudes compared to those on the front and the second lines. It is assumed that cells on the front line generated a large magnitude of traction forces and migrated actively as single cells, pulling adjacent cells forward, whereas the movement of cells after third row was restricted by mechanical linkages between their neighboring cells, generating a small magnitude of traction forces., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

S022024 基質剛性が単離腱細胞の牽引力に与える影響([S02202]細胞および分子のマイクロ・ナノスケール解析(2))
杉本 恵, 前田 英次郎, 大橋 俊朗, 年次大会 : Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan, 2011, "S022024, 1"-"S022024-4", 2011年09月11日
Tendon is subjected to dynamic mechanical loading in vivo. Effects of cyclic tensile loading on tenocyte metabolism have been characterized well. However, the relationship between cell metabolism and internal tension within cytoskeleton has not been studied in detail. Elastic micropillars made from silicone elastomer (PDMS) have been proposed to measure cellular traction forces which reflect cytoskeletal tension. Micropillar substrates with three different elastic moduli were prepared by changing the height of the pillars. After tenocytes were seeded on each substrate for 24 hours, traction forces were determined. Real-time qPCR was also performed to examine the expressions of type I collagen (anabolic gene) and MMP-1 (catabolic gene) mRNA from tenocytes on these substrates. It was found that there were significant increases in cellular traction forces with the elastic modulus of micropillar substrates. Although there were no significant differences in the expression level of type I collagen among three substrates, increases were observed in the expression level of MMP-1 with decreases in the elastic modulus of substrate. This may indicate that intracellular cytoskeletal tension strongly influences tenocyte catabolism rather than anabolism., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

S022021 磁気ビーズ配列による新規細胞接着基質の開発([S02202]細胞および分子のマイクロ・ナノスケール解析(2))
仁井田 優作, 大橋 俊朗, 年次大会 : Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan, 2011, "S022021, 1"-"S022021-3", 2011年09月11日
This paper presents development of a technique to control cell adhesion using an array of magnetic microbeads. Using MEMS techniques, we fabricated an array of microholes (3 gm in diameter and 2 gm in depth) on the surface of a glass substrate, to trap magnetic microbeads (2.8 gm in diameter) in the microholes. The glass substrate was integrated with a PDMS-made device and a suspension of magnetic microbeads was then introduced into the device by a syringe pump. The magnetic microbeads were coated with cell adhesive ligands prior to the loading. A permanent magnet was placed under the substrate and was used to direct microbeads into the microholes, followed by an introduction of cell suspension to the device. After a 24 hours incubation, it was observed that cells attached only to the magnetic microbeads, but not to the other parts of the glass surface. The current method of controlling cell adhesion would be useful to develop advanced cell culture system., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

S022035 新規バイオアッセイシステムを用いた内皮細胞の流れ負荷実験([S02203]細胞および分子のマイクロ・ナノスケール解析(3))
松井 俊祐, 大橋 俊朗, 年次大会 : Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan, 2011, "S022035, 1"-"S022035-4", 2011年09月11日
Single cell analysis has been of a great interest in bioengineering as it can highlight heterogeneity of individual cells in medical screening tests compared to conventional bulk analysis. We have been developing a novel bioassay system designed for single cell analysis. The device mainly consists of a silicon/glass microwell slide and a PDMS microchannel, and enables to supply reagents to microwells in a well-controlled manner using micropumps. In this study, bovine aortic endothelial cells were cultured in the microwells for 48 h and then subjected to fluid shear stress at up to 2 Pa for 6 h. A result showed that realignment and elongation of endothelial cells to the flow direction were dependent on the level of shear stress. It was confirmed that the device could reduce consumption of expensive reagents and precious all samples. Moreover, unlike conventional bulk devices, multiple experimental conditions can be examined at the same time within a single device. It can be concluded that the device has a potential to be applied to multi-purpose single cell tests., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

OS1105 微小溝内における腱細胞の配列培養と力学応答解析(生体の材料力学,OS-11 生体の材料力学)
萩原 康史, 前田 英次郎, Wang James H-C, 大橋 俊朗, M&M材料力学カンファレンス, 2011, "OS1105, 1"-"OS1105-2", 2011年07月16日
Tendon is subjected to continuous mechanical loading, which imposes cyclic tensile strain and interstitial fluid shear stress to tenocytes. Although a number of studies have characterized mechanical responses of tenocytes to cyclic tensile strain, only few studies have been performed to examine tenocyte responses to fluid shear stress. The present study proposes a newly fabricated cell culture device using MEMS technologies, which enables to apply cyclic tensile strain or fluid shear stress, or both simultaneously, to tenocytes seeded onto microgrooves. It was confirmed that tenocytes exhibited a similar morphology as observed in vivo. Numerical analysis of flow patterns within the device demonstrated that a wide range of fluid shear stress, including a previously predicted physiological value, could be applied to cells. In summary, the present study developed a novel experimental model, which will reveal further details of tenocyte mechanotransduction events., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

9J-14 細胞外基質が平滑筋細胞表現型と遊走能へ与える影響(OS-11(3) 細胞・生体分子のバイオメカニクス(3))
萩原 康史, 大橋 俊朗, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2010, 23, 583, 584, 2011年01月07日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

8H-06 流れ負荷血管内皮細胞の牽引力計測デバイスの開発(OS-11(1) MEMS技術を用いた細胞解析・制御(1))
田中 綾一, 佐藤 正明, 大橋 俊朗, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2010, 23, 153, 154, 2011年01月07日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

1306 創傷治癒における繰り返し伸展刺激を負荷した筋繊維芽細胞の力学応答(OS13-2 生体材料力学の最前線-細胞・生体材料の力学特性-)
大橋 俊朗, 木幡 健吾, M&M材料力学カンファレンス, 2010, 379, 380, 2010年10月09日
In this study, it is hypothesized that initial geometrical shapes of cutaneous wound and the major axis of the wound to the direction of stretch could influence myofibroblast realignment observed in the maturation phase of healing process. Firstly, human dermal fibroblasts were differentiated into myofibroblasts with a treatment of TGF-β1. The cells were then seeded onto a PDMS chamber either in a monolayer or in a colony of the following shapes: circle, and track fields both parallel and vertical to the stretch. For mechanical tests, cyclic tensile stretch, with an amplitude of 20%, was pr..., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

G0200-3-5 大動脈瘤壁の破裂リスク予測を目指した破裂時力学特性の計測(バイオエンジニアリング部門一般講演(3),社会変革を技術で廻す機械工学)
杉田 修啓, 松本 健郎, 大橋 俊朗, 熊谷 紀一郎, 秋元 弘治, 田林 晄一, 佐藤 正明, 年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting, 2010, 5, 51, 52, 2010年09月04日
Mechanical properties of the thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) tissues were measured in a pressure-imposed test along with histological analysis to estimate their rupture risk. Quadrilateral specimens obtained from TAA were sandwiched with plates having a hole and pressurized from one side of the hole to bulge into the other side until rupture. Intramural stress and strain of each specimen were calculated from its deformation-loading pressure relationship to obtain its ultimate strength and tangent modulus. Histological analysis was then performed to obtain the area fraction of histological co..., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

0213 マクロファージのTNF-α産生に対する繰り返し伸展刺激の影響(OS2:心臓血管壁のバイオエンジニアリング)
大矢 幸輝, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2009, 22, 22, 22, 2010年01月08日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

B202 微小管接着数の経時解析によるキネシン密度の算出(B2-1 細胞工学・マイクロバイオメカニクス2)
瀬戸脇 創太, 杉田 修啓, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオフロンティア講演会講演論文集, 2009, 20, 95, 96, 2009年11月06日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

腰椎牽引療法における椎間板挙動の有限要素法解析
渡辺 祥伍, 大橋 俊朗, 坂元 尚哉, 佐藤 正明, 運動療法と物理療法 = The Journal of physical medicine, 20, 2, 145, 145, 2009年06月11日
日本語

(2)Remodeling of Endothelial Cell Nucleus Exposed to Three Different Mechanical Stimuli
大橋 俊朗, 花村 和彦, 我妻 大策, 坂元 尚哉, 佐藤 正明, 日本機械学會誌, 112, 1086, 352, 353, 2009年05月05日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

111 高せん断応力および高せん断応力勾配に対する内皮細胞の機能的応答(学生賞II)
齋藤 直輝, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 講演論文集, 2009, 44, 20, 21, 2009年03月13日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

191 繰り返し伸展刺激負荷内皮細胞におけるアクチンフィラメントの経時変化観察(バイオエンジニアリング)
花村 和彦, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 講演論文集, 2009, 44, 176, 177, 2009年03月13日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

192 白血球接着および遊走時における内皮細胞のアクチンフィラメント挙動観察(バイオエンジニアリング)
磯田 卓未, 植木 洋輔, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 講演論文集, 2009, 44, 178, 179, 2009年03月13日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

Morphological Responses of Vascular Endothelial Cells Induced by Local Stretch Transmitted Through Intercellular Junctions
Y. Ueki, N. Sakamoto, T. Ohashi, M. Sato, EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS, 49, 1, 125, 134, 2009年02月
It has been well established that mechanical stimuli including fluid shear stress and cyclic stretch play a key role in endothelial cell (EC) remodeling. However, in contrast to global remodeling to these mechanical stimuli, little is known of how local mechanical forces are transmitted through cells to induce cell remodeling leading to alteration in cell functions. In this study, we demonstrated that EC remodeling can be exerted by local tension generated in a neighboring EC. In this technique, a glass microneedle was used to apply local stretch in an EC in confluent monolayer and the resulting tension is transmitted to a neighboring EC across intercellular junctions. Local stretch induced reorientation and elongation of ECs parallel to the direction of stretch associated with reorganization of stress fibers. In addition, recruitment of Src homology 2-containing tyrosine phosphatase-2, binding to intercellular adhesion molecules platelet-endothelial cellular adhesion molecules-1, was selectively observed at the force-transmitted intercellular junctions after application of local stretch. These findings suggest that intercellular junctions can not only transmit but also sense local forces, and are potentially involved in EC mechanotransduction pathways., SPRINGER, 英語

303 単細胞解析を目指した新規バイオアッセイシステムの開発(OS11-1:マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス(1),OS11:マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス)
森 喜一朗, 大橋 俊朗, Lindstrom Sara, Svahn Helene Andersson, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2008, 21, 97, 98, 2009年01月22日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

319 張力-ひずみ動的制御システムを用いた単離アクチン束の粘弾性特性計測(OS11-4:マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス(4),OS11:マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス)
松井 翼, 出口 真次, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2008, 21, 129, 130, 2009年01月22日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

132 T型フローチャンバにおけるせん断応力およびせん断応力勾配に対する血管内皮細胞の形態的応答(OS1-5:循環器系のバイオメカニクス(5),OS1:循環器系のバイオメカニクス)
齋藤 直輝, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2008, 21, 293, 294, 2009年01月22日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

133 内皮細胞のNO産生に与えるせん断応力とアミロイドβの影響(OS1-5:循環器系のバイオメカニクス(5),OS1:循環器系のバイオメカニクス)
丸田 俊行, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2008, 21, 295, 296, 2009年01月22日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

134 繰り返し伸展刺激がマクロファージのMMPs産生に及ぼす影響(OS1-5:循環器系のバイオメカニクス(5),OS1:循環器系のバイオメカニクス)
大矢 幸輝, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2008, 21, 297, 298, 2009年01月22日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

In vitro measurement of viscoelastic properties of actin bundles using micro-tensile tester with visual feedback control　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Matsui, T, Deguchi, S, Sakamoto, N, Ohashi, T, Sato, M, 4th Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics, 2009年

Development of microneedle-based viscoelastic test system for actin bundles　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Matsui, T, Deguchi, S, Sakamoto, N, Ohashi, T, Sato, M, 9th International Symposium of Tohoku University Global COE Program, 2009年

血管内皮細胞の形態変化およびNO産生変化におけるせん断応力依存性
大橋 俊朗, 中村 晋司, 坂元 尚哉, 佐藤 正明, 運動療法と物理療法 = The Journal of physical medicine, 19, 3, 176, 183, 2008年11月30日
日本語

4・2・1 細胞のバイオメカニクス(4・2 バイオメカニカルエンジニアリング,4.バイオエンジニアリング,<特集>機械工学年鑑)
大橋 俊朗, 日本機械学會誌, 111, 1077, 650, 650, 2008年08月05日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

4・3・1 バイオマテリアル(4・3 バイオメディカルエンジニアリング・ライフサポート工学,4.バイオエンジニアリング,<特集>機械工学年鑑)
田中 英一, 大橋 俊朗, 大島 まり, 田中 英一, 田中 志信, 川野 聡恭, 日本機械学會誌, 111, 1077, 650, 651, 2008年08月05日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

533 マイクロ輸送デバイスの開発を目指したキネシン駆動微小管の運動解析アルゴリズムの構築(T10-3 マイクロ・ナノバイオテクノロジー(3):デバイス開発・医療応用を目指して,大会テーマセッション,21世紀地球環境革命の機械工学:人・マイクロナノ・エネルギー・環境)
杉田 修啓, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting, 2008, 8, 265, 266, 2008年08月02日
Microtubules (MTs) gliding on the kinesin-coated surface in vitro have a good feasibility for development of micro-scale transport systems. The key requirements in the development of the system include an image analysis to detect and recognize gliding MTs. In this study, we present an algorithm for detecting the position of the leading tips of gliding MTs. The algorithm operates on binarized fluorescent images of MTs and extracts the tips of MTs with a kernel. For verification, the algorithm was applied to a sample segment, and the distance between extracted coordinates with the algorithm a..., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

せん断応力を負荷した血管内皮細胞におけるVEカドヘリンの動的挙動観察
坂元 尚哉, 瀬川 圭, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 可視化情報学会誌. Suppl., 28, 1, 323, 324, 2008年07月01日
The Visualization Society of Japan, 日本語

(2)Newly Designed Tensile Test System for in vitro Measurement of Mechanical Properties of Cytoskeletal Filaments
出口 真次, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 日本機械学會誌, 111, 1074, 372, 373, 2008年05月05日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

マトリックスデバイスによる細胞の力学伝達経路の解明
大橋 俊朗, 豊田研究報告, 61, 131, 135, 2008年05月
豊田理化学研究所, 日本語

DP-109-4 有限要素法を用いた胸部大動脈瘤の応力解析と破断予測(第108回日本外科学会定期学術集会)
熊谷 紀一郎, 本吉 直孝, 田林 晄一, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 日本外科学会雑誌, 109, 2, 562, 562, 2008年04月25日
一般社団法人日本外科学会, 日本語

Periodontal tissue activation by vibration: Intermittent stimulation by resonance vibration accelerates experimental tooth movement in rats
Makoto Nishimura, Mirei Chiba, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato, Yoshiyuki Shimizu, Kaoru Igarashi, Hideo Mitani, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS, 133, 4, 572, 583, 2008年04月
Introduction: Accelerating the speed of orthodontic tooth movement should contribute to the shortening of the treatment period. This would be beneficial because long treatment times are a negative aspect of orthodontic treatment. In this study, we evaluated the effects of mechanical stimulation by resonance vibration on tooth movement, and we showed the cellular and molecular mechanisms of periodontal ligament responses. Methods: The maxillary first molars of 6-week-old male Wistar rats were moved to the buccal side by using an expansive spring for 21 days (n = 6, control group), and the amount of tooth movement was measured. Additional vibrational stimulation (60 Hz, 1.0 m/s(2)) was applied to the first molars by using a loading vibration system for 8 minutes on days 0, 7, and 14 during orthodontic tooth movement (n = 6, experimental group). The animals were killed under anesthesia, and each maxilla was dissected. The specimens were fixed, decalcified, and embedded in paraffin. Sections were used for immunohistochemical analysis of receptor activator of NF kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression. The number of osteoclasts in the alveolar bone was counted by using TRAP staining, and the amount of root resorption was measured in sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results: The average resonance frequency of the maxillary first molar was 61.02 +/- 8.38 Hz. Tooth movement in the experimental group was significantly greater than in the control group (P <. 05). Enhanced RANKL expression was observed at fibroblasts and osteoclasts in the periodontal ligament of the experimental group on day 3. The number of osteoclasts in the experimental group was significantly increased over the control group on day 8 (P <. 05). Histologically, there were no pathological findings in either group or significant differences in the amount of root resorption between the 2 groups. Conclusions: The application of resonance vibration might accelerate orthodontic tooth movement via enhanced RANKL expression in the periodontal ligament without additional damage to periodontal tissues such as root resorption., MOSBY-ELSEVIER, 英語

地球温暖化と雪明り(リレー随筆)
大橋 俊朗, 生体医工学 : 日本エム・イー学会誌, 46, 1, 127, 127, 2008年02月10日
社団法人日本生体医工学会, 日本語

316 FRAPを用いた伸展刺激負荷平滑筋細胞のアクチンダイナミクスの観察(OS9-2:マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス(2),OS9:マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス)
伊藤 一志, 花村 和彦, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2007, 20, 109, 110, 2008年01月24日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

314 アクチン-ミオシン間の結合状態が単離ストレスファイバの応力緩和特性に与える影響(OS9-2:マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス(2),OS9:マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス)
松井 翼, 出口 真次, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2007, 20, 105, 106, 2008年01月24日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

307 内皮細胞の細胞外基質分解酵素産生に対するせん断応力の影響(OS4-1:細胞のバイオメカニクス(1),OS4:細胞のバイオメカニクス)
坂元 尚哉, 持丸 孝人, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2007, 20, 91, 92, 2008年01月24日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

306 平滑筋細胞の表現型を制御した共存培養血管モデルの構築(OS4-1:細胞のバイオメカニクス(1),OS4:細胞のバイオメカニクス)
木内 卓哉, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2007, 20, 89, 90, 2008年01月24日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

327 電界を用いたキネシン駆動微小管の動的進行方向制御(OS9-3:マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス(3),OS9:マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス)
杉田 修啓, 瀬戸脇 創太, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2007, 20, 317, 318, 2008年01月24日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

326 分子モーターを用いた微小管長さソーティングに関する基礎検討(OS9-3:マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス(3),OS9:マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス)
村瀬 達也, 杉田 修啓, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2007, 20, 315, 316, 2008年01月24日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

323 細胞外マトリックスの種類が細胞牽引力に及ぼす影響(OS9-3:マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス(3),OS9:マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス)
市原 洋和, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2007, 20, 309, 310, 2008年01月24日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

Remodeling of endothelial cells induced by tension transmitted through intercellular junctions
Y. Ueki, N. Sakamoto, T. Ohashi, M. Sato, BIORHEOLOGY, 45, 1-2, 96, 96, 2008年
IOS PRESS, 英語, 研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）

Influence of fluid shear stress on matrix metalloproteinase production in endothelial cells
N. Sakamoto, T. Ohashi, M. Sato, The 13th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering, 2008年

In vitro viscoelastic test apparatus for cytoskeletal bundles　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Matsui, T, Deguchi, S, Sakamoto, N, Ohashi, T, Sato, M, Proceedings of GPBE/NUS-Tohoku Graduate Student Conference in Bioengineering, 2008年

A dynamic force-strain control system for isolated actin bundles　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Matsui, T, Deguchi, S, Sakamoto, N, Ohashi, T, Sato, M, Proceedings of Tohoku-NUS Student Joint Symposium, 2008年

Intercellular junctions-mediated morphological responses of vascular endothelial cells induced by local stretch　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Experimental Mechanics, 2008年

Intercellular junctions-mediated morphological responses of vascular endothelial cells induced by local stretch　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Experimental Mechanics, 2008年

1011 局所力学刺激負荷コンドロサイトの弾性率変化とアクチンダイナミクス(S03-2 細胞・生体分子のバイオメカニクス(2),S03 細胞・生体分子のバイオメカニクス)
大橋 俊朗, 黒田 亮典, Knight Martin, Bader Dan, 佐藤 正明, 年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting, 2007, 5, 223, 224, 2007年09月07日
Articular chondrocytes in vivo are continuously exposed to severe mechanical conditions and are supposed to exhibit reorganization of cytoskeletons, possibly altering mechanical properties of cells. In this study, the effect of local deformation on mechanical properties of chondrocytes was investigated using a micropipette aspiration technique, particularly focusing on actin remodeling. Repeat aspiration experiments showed that change in the Young's modulus of chondrocytes significantly depends on the aspiration rate. Ca^<2+> blocking experiments revealed that local deformation induces Ca^<..., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

Trial of new vascular clips for aortic anastomosis in a canine model
Shinya Masuda, Yoshikatsu Saiki, Satoshi Kawatsu, Ichiro Yoshioka, Hidenori Fujiwara, Shunsuke Kawamoto, Sadahiro Sai, Atsushi Iguchi, Naoya Sakamoto, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato, Koichi Tabayashi, JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY, 134, 3, 723, 730, 2007年09月
Objectives: We created a new vascular clip designed for aortic surgery. The purposes of this investigation were to examine surgical applicability in a clinically relevant aortic replacement model and to assess biomechanical strength of the clipped anastomosis and serial histologic changes in the clipped anastomotic site.
Methods: Twenty-one beagles underwent descending thoracic aortic replacement. Distal anastomosis was performed with the new clips, mimicking the cuffed anastomosis technique, and proximal anastomosis was carried out by conventional suture anastomosis. Tissue specimens of the anastomotic sites were harvested at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively for examination.
Results: There was no significant difference in the time required to carry out clip anastomosis ( 12.2 +/- 1.3 minutes) and suture anastomosis ( 13.7 +/- 0.9 minutes; P = .38). Neither type of anastomotic site was disrupted by raising the intraluminal pressure to 280 mm Hg. Microscopically, the areas of aortic wall compressed by vascular clips appeared as hyalinized areas adjacent to surrounding collagen fibers, with no significant infiltration of inflammatory cells. Identical histologic changes were observed at the site of the sutured anastomosis. The media at the clipped anastomosis site was significantly thinner than that at the sutured anastomosis site at 1 month after the operation. However, there was no significant difference in the thickness of the media at 3 months.
Conclusions: The new vascular clips were effective in this clinically relevant model, with appropriate biomechanical strength, and the anastomotic sites underwent similar histologic changes to those observed after suture anastomosis., MOSBY-ELSEVIER, 英語

Trial of new vascular clips for aortic anastomosis in a canine model
Shinya Masuda, Yoshikatsu Saiki, Satoshi Kawatsu, Ichiro Yoshioka, Hidenori Fujiwara, Shunsuke Kawamoto, Sadahiro Sai, Atsushi Iguchi, Naoya Sakamoto, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato, Koichi Tabayashi, Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 134, 3, 723, 730, 2007年09月
Objectives: We created a new vascular clip designed for aortic surgery. The purposes of this investigation were to examine surgical applicability in a clinically relevant aortic replacement model and to assess biomechanical strength of the clipped anastomosis and serial histologic changes in the clipped anastomotic site. Methods: Twenty-one beagles underwent descending thoracic aortic replacement. Distal anastomosis was performed with the new clips, mimicking the cuffed anastomosis technique, and proximal anastomosis was carried out by conventional suture anastomosis. Tissue specimens of the anastomotic sites were harvested at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively for examination. Results: There was no significant difference in the time required to carry out clip anastomosis (12.2 ± 1.3 minutes) and suture anastomosis (13.7 ± 0.9 minutes
P = .38). Neither type of anastomotic site was disrupted by raising the intraluminal pressure to 280 mm Hg. Microscopically, the areas of aortic wall compressed by vascular clips appeared as hyalinized areas adjacent to surrounding collagen fibers, with no significant infiltration of inflammatory cells. Identical histologic changes were observed at the site of the sutured anastomosis. The media at the clipped anastomosis site was significantly thinner than that at the sutured anastomosis site at 1 month after the operation. However, there was no significant difference in the thickness of the media at 3 months. Conclusions: The new vascular clips were effective in this clinically relevant model, with appropriate biomechanical strength, and the anastomotic sites underwent similar histologic changes to those observed after suture anastomosis. © 2007 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery., 英語

S-31. 平滑筋細胞の牽引力計測と骨格構造の力学的役割(血管平滑筋研究の新展開, 第49回日本平滑筋学会総会)
大橋 俊朗, 亀田 憲史, 佐藤 正明, 日本平滑筋学会雑誌, 11, 1, "J, 21", 2007年06月26日
日本平滑筋学会, 日本語

第46回日本生体医工学会大会報告(学会紹介)
大橋 俊朗, 生体医工学 : 日本エム・イー学会誌, 45, 2, 186, 187, 2007年06月10日
社団法人日本生体医工学会, 日本語

腰椎牽引時に作用する荷重分布および腰椎挙動に関する数値解析
大橋 俊朗, 黄 文敬, 坂元 尚哉, 佐藤 正明, 運動療法と物理療法 = The Journal of physical medicine, 18, 2, 89, 89, 2007年06月07日
日本語

Microelastic mapping of living endothelial cells exposed to shear stress in relation to three-dimensional distribution of actin filaments
Masaaki Sato, Kenichi Suzuki, Yosuke Ueki, Toshiro Ohashi, ACTA BIOMATERIALIA, 3, 3, 311, 319, 2007年05月
The surface topography and local elastic moduli of endothelial cells exposed to shear stress were measured using atomic force microscopy. Bovine aortic endothelial cells were exposed to shear stress of 2 Pa for 6, 12 or 24 h. In addition, a confocal laser-scanning microscope used in conjunction with the atomic force microscope was used to observe the actin filament structure of these endothelial cells to elucidate the relationship between mechanical properties and cytoskeletal structure. The elastic modulus, calculated using the Hertz model, was measured at 50 x 50 points at I put intervals within 40 min. For endothelial cells sheared for 6 h and 12 It, the elastic modulus at the upstream region was found to be higher than that at the downstream region. For endothelial cells sheared for 24 h, the elastic modulus at both the upstream and downstream regions increased. Fluorescent images showed thick, elongated actin filaments oriented in the direction of flow at the ventral surface of the cells. In the middle plane of the cells, actin filaments developed around the nucleus, while in the upper plane, short, thick actin filaments were observed but thick stress fibers were not present. The high elastic modulus came from the stress fibers. These results indicate that the higher elastic modulus observed in the upstream and downstream regions of sheared endothelial cells is mainly due to the development of stress fibers at the ventral surface and middle plane of the cell. (C) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 英語

218 細胞間接着部位への局所力学刺激負荷に伴う血管内皮細胞の細胞骨格構造変化(OS11-4:マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス,オーガナイズドセッション11:マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス)
植木 洋輔, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2006, 19, 46, 47, 2007年01月06日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

603 流れ負荷血管内皮細胞の形態変化におけるVEカドヘリンの機能的役割(OS5-1:組織・器官のメカノバイオロジー,オーガナイズドセッション5:組織・器官のメカノバイオロジー)
瀬川 圭, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2006, 19, 202, 203, 2007年01月06日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

435 FRAPを用いた力学刺激負荷平滑筋細胞のアクチンダイナミクスの観察(OS11-6:マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス,オーガナイズドセッション1:生物流体とバイオミメティクス)
伊藤 一志, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2006, 19, 370, 371, 2007年01月06日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

436 牽引力測定による平滑筋細胞内力学バランスの推定(OS11-6:マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス,オーガナイズドセッション1:生物流体とバイオミメティクス)
中村 昌司, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2006, 19, 372, 373, 2007年01月06日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

443 局所力学刺激がコンドロサイトのアクチンリモデリングに与える影響(OS11-7:マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス,オーガナイズドセッション1:生物流体とバイオミメティクス)
黒田 亮典, 大橋 俊朗, Knight Martin, Bader Dan, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2006, 19, 386, 387, 2007年01月06日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

444 微細加工膜基質を用いた伸展負荷内皮細胞のリモデリング(OS11-7:マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス,オーガナイズドセッション1:生物流体とバイオミメティクス)
山崎 喜雅, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2006, 19, 388, 389, 2007年01月06日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

Effect of fluid shear stress on smooth muscle cell migration and permeability of endothelial monolayer in endothelial-smooth muscle cells cocultured model　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
N. Sakamoto, T. Ohashi, M. Sato, Proceedings of the Final Symposium of the Tohoku University 21st Century Center of Excellence Program, 163, 172, 2007年

Mechanical properties of subcellular structural components isolated from cultured vascular cells　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
S Deguchi, T Ohashi, M Sato, Proc. 9th International Symposium of Future Medical Engineering Based on Bio-nanotechnology, 2007年

Stress-relaxation properties of stress fibers isolated from smooth muscle cells　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Matsui, T, Deguchi, S, Sakamoto, N, Ohashi, T, Sato, M, Proceedings of 9th International Symposium of Future Medical Engineering Based on Bio-nanotechnology, 2007年

Modifying anastomotic site in thoracic aortic surgery by using biodegradable felt strips with or without basic fibroblast growth factor　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
H. Fujiwara, Y. Saiki, K. Oda, S. Kawatsu, I. Yoshioka, N. Sakamoto, T. Ohashi, M. Sato, Y. Tabata, K. Tabayashi, The 8th Annual International Symposium on Advances in Understanding Aortic Diseases（ 2007.10.13－14．Tokyo）, 2007年, ［査読有り］
英語

Influence of Pulsatile Flow on Integrin Expression and Morphology of Vascular Endothelial Cells　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Technology and Health Care, 15, 91, 101, 2007年

Effect of Mechanical Environment of Focal Adhesions on Remodeling of Endothelial Cells Subjected to Cyclic Stretch Using Microstructured Substrate　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics, 2007年

Nonuniform strain of substrate induces local development of stress fibers in endothelial cells under uniaxial cyclic stretching
Toshiro Ohashi, Masanori Masuda, Takeo Matsumoto, Masaaki Sato, CLINICAL HEMORHEOLOGY AND MICROCIRCULATION, 37, 1-2, 37, 46, 2007年
We have developed a novel uniaxial cyclic stretching technique to apply a ventral nonuniform strain to cells. In this system cells are grown on a glass-embedded silicone substrate instead of the commonly used uniform substrates. This unique substrate has been developed to give a strain gradient of 0.2%/mu m across each individual cell. Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) were cyclically stretched up to a maximum strain of 50% at 0.5 Hz for 30 min or 3 hours, focusing on the effect of the ventral strain gradient on local cell remodeling. After the experiments, BAECs were fixed and stained with rhodamine-phalloidin to observe actin filament structure. BAECs showed local development of stress fibers and localization of cell nuclei at regions exposed to higher strain. This result suggests that BAECs may sense ventral nonuniform strain and remodel cytoskeletal structure accordingly followed by the movement of cell nuclei., IOS PRESS, 英語

Hydrostatic Pressure Influences Morphology and Expression of VE-Cadherin of Vascular Endothelial Cells
Journal of Biomechanics, 2007年

Estimation of Mechanical Role of Intracellular Cellular Structures in Smooth Muscle Cells by Using Traction Force Measurements　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of The 11th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, 2007年

Influence of Pulsatile Flow on Integrin Expression and Morphology of Vascular Endothelial Cells　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Technology and Health Care, 15, 91, 101, 2007年

Effects of Frequency of Pulsatile Flow on Morphology and Integrin Expression of Vascular Endothelial Cells　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Technology and Health Care, 15, 91, 101, 2007年

Adhesive Force of Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells to Endothelial Cells and Expression of E-selectin　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, 2007年

Estimation of Mechanical Role of Intracellular Cellular Structures in Smooth Muscle Cells by Using Traction Force Measurements　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of The 11th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, 2007年

Effects of Frequency of Pulsatile Flow on Morphology and Integrin Expression of Vascular Endothelial Cells　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Technology and Health Care, 15, 91, 101, 2007年

Effect of Mechanical Environment of Focal Adhesions on Remodeling of Endothelial Cells Subjected to Cyclic Stretch Using Microstructured Substrate　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics, 2007年

Hydrostatic pressure influences morphology and expression of VE-cadherin of vascular endothelial cells
Toshiro Ohashi, Yoshiaki Sugaya, Naoya Sakamoto, Masaaki Sato, JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 40, 11, 2399, 2405, 2007年
Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) were exposed to hydrostatic pressures of 50, 100, and 150 mmHg and changes in morphology and expression of vascular enclothelial (VE)-cadherin were studied. After exposure to hydrostatic pressure, BAECs exhibited elongated and tortuous shape without predominant orientation, together with the development of centrally located, thick stress fibers. Pressured BAECs also exhibited a multilayered structure unlike those under control conditions and showed a significant increase in proliferation compared with control cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated that protein level of VE-cadherin were significantly lower under pressure conditions than under control conditions. Inhibition of VE-cadherin expression, using an antibody to VE-cadherin, induced the formation of numerous randomly distributed intercellular gaps, elongated and tortuous shapes, and multilayering. These responses were similar to those of pressured BAECs. The exposure of BAECs to hydrostatic pressure may therefore downregulate the expression of VE-cadherin, resulting in loss of contact inhibition followed by increased proliferation and formation of a multilayered structure. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 英語

Adhesive Force of Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells to Endothelial Cells and Expression of E-selectin　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, 2007年

SEM像立体解析による歯根破折の破壊力学的検討 : 補綴治療歯について
松井 翼, 大橋 俊朗, 遠藤 英昭, 佐々木 具文, 伊藤 秀美, 佐藤 正明, 実験力学 : journal of JSEM, 6, 4, 423, 427, 2006年12月25日
日本実験力学会, 日本語

S2e2-3 Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure on Morphology of Cultured Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells(S2-e2: "Nano-scale Mechanobiology of Cells",Symposia,Abstract,Meeting Program of EABS & BSJ 2006)
Sato Masaaki, Sugaya Yoshiaki, Sakamoto Naoya, Ohashi Toshiro, 生物物理, 46, 2, S131, 2006年10月01日
日本生物物理学会, 英語

Prediction of Stress Distribution in Mandibular Bone Treated with Distal-Extension Partial Denture Using Finite Element Analysis
Ohashi Toshiro, Sato Yoshikazu, Sasaki Tomofumi, ITOH Hidemi, SATO Masaaki, 実験力学 : journal of JSEM, 6, 3, 269, 274, 2006年09月25日
This paper describes the feasibility of using finite element analysis to predict stress distributions in mandibular bone treated with a distal-extension partial denture, compared with conventional photoelastic method. A finite element model was constructed based on the CT scan data of the three-dimensional photoelastic model, which was anatomically realistic replica of a patient mandibular bone with teeth. A vertical loading was applied to a specially designed metal pyramid mounted on the first molar region to mimic functional movements of the partial denture. The numerical results showed that higher stress was observed in the apical and distal sides of the abutment teeth, which was the similar tendency to the experimental results obtained by the photoelastic method. Moreover, stress distributions depended on the variety of loadings applied to the different point of the pyramid. The present analysis may give a better prediction of stress distributions in patient mandibular bone than the photoelastic method., 日本実験力学会, 英語

713 単離ストレスファイバの引張特性と局所ひずみ分布(S07-2 マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス(2),S07 マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス)
松井 翼, 大橋 俊朗, 出口 真次, 佐藤 正明, 年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting, 2006, 5, 227, 228, 2006年09月15日
In our previous study, tensile properties of single stress fibers (SF) chemically isolated from vascular smooth muscle cells have been investigated. Tensile tests were performed at a single strain rate of 0.02s^<-1>. In this study, the strain rate dependency of tensile properties of SF was investigated. The results showed that averaged force-strain relationships were found to be almost linear in the physio-logical strain range of 0.0-0.4 for 0.01s^<-1> and 0.05s^<-1>. In contrast, the force-strain relationship was nonlinear for the 0.1s^<-1> strain rate. The reason for this difference is un..., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

735 マトリックスデバイスを用いた平滑筋細胞の形態制御と牽引力測定(S08-3 細胞の構造とメカノバイオロジー(3),S08 細胞の構造とメカノバイオロジー)
大橋 俊朗, 山崎 純一, 佐藤 正明, 年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting, 2006, 5, 269, 270, 2006年09月15日
Although cellular traction forces are believed to play an important role in the interactions between cells and their substrates, little is known of the effect of mechanical environment on the magnitude and direction of traction forces and hence how intracellular structures contribute to traction forces. In this study, microfabricated substrates, array of micropillars with different spacing, were used to estimate cellular traction forces of smooth muscle cells, particularly exploring the contribution of microtubules to traction forces. A significant increase in traction forces from 15.2±1.4 ..., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

HUVECの形態およびVEカドヘリン発現に与える静水圧の影響
大橋 俊朗, 瀬川 圭, 坂元 尚哉, 佐藤 正明, 生体医工学 : 日本エム・イー学会誌, 44, 3, 454, 459, 2006年09月10日
To study endothelial cell remodeling in response to hydrostatic pressure, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to hydrostatic pressure of 25 and 100 mmHg and changes in morphology and expression of VE-cadherin were studied. After exposure to hydrostatic pressure, HUVECs exhibited elongated and tortuous shape without predominant orientation, together with development of centrally located, thick stress fibers. Particularly, HUVEs exposed to 25 mmHg exhibited more tortuous shape compared to those both under control conditions and 100 mmHg. HUVECs did not exhibit a multi..., 社団法人日本生体医工学会, 日本語

細胞バイオメカニクスにおける近年の進歩 (バイオレオロジーこの30年、そしてこれから)
大橋 俊朗, 日本バイオレオロジ-学会誌, 20, 3, 110, 112, 2006年09月
日本バイオレオロジ-学会, 日本語

16.拍動流を負荷した血管内皮細胞でのインテグリン発現の変化(平成17年度東北支部大会抄録)
伊藤 一志, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 生体医工学 : 日本エム・イー学会誌, 44, 2, 319, 319, 2006年06月10日
社団法人日本生体医工学会, 日本語

歯根破折評価のための補綴処置歯の有限要素法解析
山崎 喜雅, 佐々木 具文, 伊藤 秀美, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 実験力学 : journal of JSEM, 6, 1, 19, 23, 2006年03月25日
日本実験力学会, 日本語

322 単離したストレスファイバの引張特性はひずみ速度に依存する(学生賞II)
松井 翼, 出口 真次, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 講演論文集, 2006, 41, 145, 146, 2006年03月14日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

323 マトリックスデバイスを用いた平滑筋細胞の形態制御と牽引力測定(学生賞II)
山崎 純一, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 講演論文集, 2006, 41, 147, 148, 2006年03月14日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

501 静水圧負荷に伴うコンドロサイトの力学的適応と形質転換(バイオエンジニアリング)
井戸 秀人, 黒田 亮典, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 講演論文集, 2006, 41, 193, 194, 2006年03月14日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

503 胸部大動脈瘤の力学特性計測と有限要素法解析(バイオエンジニアリング)
牛山 貴友, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 講演論文集, 2006, 41, 197, 198, 2006年03月14日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

Effect of fluid shear stress on migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in cocultured model
Naoya Sakamoto, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 34, 3, 408, 415, 2006年03月
Migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in hyperplasia is thought to have a correlation with blood flow conditions. In this study, the effect of shear stress applied to endothelial cells (ECs) on SMC migration was examined using a newly designed EC-SMC coculture model (CM), in which bovine SMCs and ECs were separated by a collagen layer and a membrane filter. After exposing the CM to shear stresses of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 Pa for 48 h, the number of SMCs migrating into the collagen layer was counted. Under static conditions, the migration of SMCs in the CM increased compared with SMCs cultured alone. Shear stress of 1.5 Pa significantly suppressed the SMC migration (p <
0.05) compared with the static CM. Media conditioned with the CM exposed to shear stress of 1.0 Pa (p <
0.05) and 1.5 Pa (p <
0.005) exhibited reduction in activated matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) compared with the static CM, as analyzed by zymography. Addition of an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, N ω-nitro-L-arginine methyle ester, to the media inhibited the effect of 1.5 Pa shear stress on SMC migration but MMP-2 activity was unaffected. These results suggest that physiological shear stress has protective roles in atherosclerogenesis. © 2006 Biomedical Engineering Society., 英語

The wrapping method using biodegradable felt strips has a preventive effect on the thinning of the aortic wall: Experimental study in the canine aorta
H Fujiwara, K Oda, Y Saiki, N Sakamoto, T Ohashi, M Sato, Y Tabata, K Tabayashi, JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY, 43, 2, 349, 356, 2006年02月
Objectives: Wrapping methods have been widely used to reinforce the anastomotic site in vascular surgery; however, postoperative changes in the aortic wall wrapped by nonbiodegradable felt have not been well characterized. The purposes of this investigation are to elucidate the sequelae of wrapping with nonbiodegradable felt on the aortic wall and to modify those changes by using biodegradable felt with or without basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF).
Methods. The descending thoracic aortas of 15 beagles were wrapped with three different materials: nonbiodegradable polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) felt, biodegradable polyglycol acid (PGA) material, and PGA with 100 mu g bFGF (n = 5 in each group). The descending thoracic aorta was resected after 3 months. The thickness of the aortic wall, vessel density in the media and the adventitia, and the wall strength were assessed. Untreated native aortic wall served as a normal control.
Results: The thickness of the media of the PTFE group was lower than that of the PGA + bFGF group (66% :+/- 5% vs 85% +/- 6% of control, P <.05). The adventitia-media ratio in the PTFE group decreased compared with controls (59.1% of normal, P < 0.05), whereas those in the PGA and PGA + bFGF groups increased (172.1% and 189.6% of normal, respectively, P <.01). The collagen-smooth muscle ratio in the media was higher in the PTFE group than in the controls (0.14 +/- 0.02 vs 0.07 +/- 0.01, P <.01). The number of vessels in the adventitia was higher in the PGA + bFGF group than those in PTFE or PGA groups (29.6 +/- 2.5/mm(2) vs 6.4 +/- 0.8/mm(2), 19.0 +/- 1.1/mm(2), p <.01). The PGA + bFGF group demonstrated larger failure force than the PTFE group (4.0 +/- 0.3 kgf vs 1.6 +/- 0.3 kgf, P <.01). The failure stress in the PGA and PGA + bFGF groups was larger than that in PTFE group (PTFE:PGA + bFGF = 5.3 +/- 0.9 X 10(2) kPa:11.7 +/- 1.7 x 10(2) kPa, P <.01; PTFE:PGA = 5.3 +/- 0.9 x 10(2) kPa:11.2 +/- 1.2 X 10(2) kPa, P <.05). Conclusion: The aortic wall wrapped with nonbiodegradable PTFE felt showed a reduced thickness and diminished vessels in the adventitia. Biodegradable felt (PGA), with or without bFGF, modified these histologic changes. The vessel-rich thickened adventitia, after wrapping by PGA with bFGF, was associated with increased aortic wall strength.(J Vasc Surg 2006;43:349-56.)
Clinical Relevance: This investigation was conducted in an attempt to elucidate mechanisms underlying the occurrence of late postoperative false aneurysm after aortic surgery. We hypothesized that sustaining compression of the aorta by the felt strip may cause structural derangement and local ischemia on the aortic wall. We used a simple wrapping of the aorta with a felt strip rather than a felt strip at anastomotic sites to simplify the experimental model and to exclude confounding factors brought by technical inconsistency on the surgical anastomosis. We further attempted to find a clue for preventing adverse effects of wrapping with a conventional felt strip. Practically, we pursued a possible application of a biodegradable felt strip to aortic wrapping in our experimental model before we proceed in a clinical application of the new material., MOSBY, INC, 英語

The wrapping method using biodegradable felt strips has a preventive effect on the thinning of the aortic wall: Experimental study in the canine aorta
Hidenori Fujiwara, Katsuhiko Oda, Yoshikatsu Saiki, Naoya Sakamoto, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato, Yasuhiko Tabata, Koichi Tabayashi, Journal of Vascular Surgery, 43, 2, 349, 356, 2006年02月
Objectives: Wrapping methods have been widely used to reinforce the anastomotic site in vascular surgery
however, postoperative changes in the aortic wall wrapped by nonbiodegradable felt have not been well characterized. The purposes of this investigation are to elucidate the sequelae of wrapping with nonbiodegradable felt on the aortic wall and to modify those changes by using biodegradable felt with or without basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Methods: The descending thoracic aortas of 15 beagles were wrapped with three different materials: nonbiodegradable polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) felt, biodegradable polyglycol acid (PGA) material, and PGA with 100 μg bFGF (n = 5 in each group). The descending thoracic aorta was resected after 3 months. The thickness of the aortic wall, vessel density in the media and the adventitia, and the wall strength were assessed. Untreated native aortic wall served as a normal control. Results: The thickness of the media of the PTFE group was lower than that of the PGA + bFGF group (66% ± 5% vs 85% ± 6% of control, P <
.05). The adventitia-media ratio in the PTFE group decreased compared with controls (59.1% of normal, P <
0.05), whereas those in the PGA and PGA + bFGF groups increased (172.1% and 189.6% of normal, respectively, P <
.01). The collagen-smooth muscle ratio in the media was higher in the PTFE group than in the controls (0.14 ± 0.02 vs 0.07 ± 0.01, P <
.01). The number of vessels in the adventitia was higher in the PGA + bFGF group than those in PTFE or PGA groups (29.6 ± 2.5/mm 2 vs 6.4 ± 0.8/mm 2, 19.0 ± 1.1/mm 2, P <
.01). The PGA + bFGF group demonstrated larger failure force than the PTFE group (4.0 ± 0.3 kgf vs 1.6 ± 0.3 kgf, P <
.01). The failure stress in the PGA and PGA + bFGF groups was larger than that in PTFE group (PTFE:PGA + bFGF = 5.3 ± 0.9 ×10 2 kPa:11.7 ± 1.7 × 10 2 kPa, P <
.01
PTFE:PGA = 5.3 ± 0.9 × 10 2 kPa:11.2 ± 1.2 × 10 2 kPa, P <
.05). Conclusion: The aortic wall wrapped with nonbiodegradable PTFE felt showed a reduced thickness and diminished vessels in the adventitia. Biodegradable felt (PGA), with or without bFGF, modified these histologic changes. The vessel-rich thickened adventitia, after wrapping by PGA with bFGF, was associated with increased aortic wall strength. Copyright © 2006 by The Society for Vascular Surgery., 英語

117 ひずみ速度が単離ストレスファイバの引張特性に与える影響(OS5-4,オーガナイズドセッション5:マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス,学術講演)
松井 翼, 出口 真次, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2005, 18, 41, 42, 2006年01月12日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

118 平滑筋細胞の牽引力に及ぼす骨格構造の力学的役割(OS5-4,オーガナイズドセッション5:マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス,学術講演)
大橋 俊朗, 亀田 憲史, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2005, 18, 43, 44, 2006年01月12日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

124 静水圧がコンドロサイトの力学特性と形質に与える影響(OS5-5,オーガナイズドセッション5:マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス,学術講演)
井戸 秀人, 黒田 亮典, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2005, 18, 55, 56, 2006年01月12日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

337 内皮細胞-平滑筋細胞共存培養モデルにおけるNO産生量変化(OS1-5 再生医工学(5),オーガナイズドセッション1:細胞・組織・器官のバイオメカニクス/再生医工学,学術講演)
大井 正樹, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2005, 18, 211, 212, 2006年01月12日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

340 微細加工マトリックスデバイスを用いた平滑筋細胞の接着性と増殖能の測定(OS1-5 再生医工学(5),オーガナイズドセッション1:細胞・組織・器官のバイオメカニクス/再生医工学,学術講演)
山崎 純一, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2005, 18, 217, 218, 2006年01月12日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

432 胸部大動脈瘤の力学特性と組織構造(OS4-8,オーガナイズドセッション4:生体のモデリング・シミュレーション・計測,学術講演)
牛山 貴友, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2005, 18, 283, 284, 2006年01月12日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

"Flow-induced hardening of endothelial nucleus ... " by Deguchi et al. Author's response
S Deguchi, K Maeda, T Ohashi, M Sato, JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 39, 7, 1362, 1362, 2006年
ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 英語, 速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）

Intracellular force balance in actin stress fiber network　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
S Deguchi, T Ohashi, M Sato, Proc. 5th World Congress of Biomechanics, 2006年

Biomechanical properties and roles of stress fibers in mechanotransduction　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
M Sato, S Deguchi, T Matsui, T Ohashi, Proc. 5th World Congress of Biomechanics, 2006年

Viscoelastic properties and locally heterogeneous deformation of stress fibers isolated from smooth muscle cells　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Matsui, T, Deguchi, S, Sakamoto, N, Ohashi, T, Sato, M, Proceedings of the 2nd Tohoku-NUS Joint Symposium on the Future Nano-medicine and Bioengineering in the East Asian Region, 2006年

Tensile properties of single stress fibers isolated from cultured vascular smooth muscle cells
Shinji Deguchi, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato, JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 39, 14, 2603, 2610, 2006年
Stress fibers (SFs), a contractile bundle of actin filaments, play a critical role in mechanotransduction in adherent cells; yet, the mechanical properties of SFs are poorly understood. Here, we measured tensile properties of single SFs by in vitro manipulation with cantilevers. SFs were isolated from cultured vascular smooth muscle cells with a combination of low ionic-strength extraction and detergent extraction and were stretched until breaking. The breaking force and the Young's modulus (assuming that SFs were isotropic) were, on average, 377 nN and 1.45 MPa, which were approximately 600-fold greater and three orders of magnitude lower, respectively, than those of actin filaments reported previously. Strain-induced stiffening was observed in the force-strain curve. We also found that the extracted SFs shortened to approximately 80% of the original length in an ATP-independent manner after they were dislodged from the substrate, suggesting that SFs had preexisting strain in the cytoplasm. The force required for stretching the single SFs from the zero-stress length back to the original length was approximately 10 nN, which was comparable with the traction force level applied by adherent cells at single adhesion sites to maintain cell integrity. These results suggest that SFs can bear intracellular stresses that may affect overall cell mechanical properties and will impact interpretation of intracellular stress distribution and force-transmission mechanism in adherent cells. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 英語

Evaluation of tension in actin bundle of endothelial cells based on preexisting strain and tensile properties measurements　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, 2006年

Tensile properties of single stress fibers isolated from cultured vascular smooth muscle cells
Shinji Deguchi, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato, Journal of Biomechanics, 39, 14, 2603, 2610, 2006年
Stress fibers (SFs), a contractile bundle of actin filaments, play a critical role in mechanotransduction in adherent cells
yet, the mechanical properties of SFs are poorly understood. Here, we measured tensile properties of single SFs by in vitro manipulation with cantilevers. SFs were isolated from cultured vascular smooth muscle cells with a combination of low ionic-strength extraction and detergent extraction and were stretched until breaking. The breaking force and the Young's modulus (assuming that SFs were isotropic) were, on average, 377 nN and 1.45 MPa, which were approximately 600-fold greater and three orders of magnitude lower, respectively, than those of actin filaments reported previously. Strain-induced stiffening was observed in the force-strain curve. We also found that the extracted SFs shortened to approximately 80% of the original length in an ATP-independent manner after they were dislodged from the substrate, suggesting that SFs had preexisting strain in the cytoplasm. The force required for stretching the single SFs from the zero-stress length back to the original length was approximately 10 nN, which was comparable with the traction force level applied by adherent cells at single adhesion sites to maintain cell integrity. These results suggest that SFs can bear intracellular stresses that may affect overall cell mechanical properties and will impact interpretation of intracellular stress distribution and force-transmission mechanism in adherent cells. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., 英語

Intracellular stress transmission through actin stress fiber network in adherent vascular cells　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, 2006年

Intracellular mechanics and mechanotransduction associated with chondrocyte deformation during pipette aspiration
T. Ohashi, M. Hagiwara, D. L. Bader, M. M. Knight, BIORHEOLOGY, 43, 3-4, 201, 214, 2006年
The present study utilised pipette aspiration and simultaneous confocal microscopy to test the hypothesis that chondrocyte deformation is associated with distortion of intracellular organelles and activation of calcium signalling. Aspiration pressure was applied to isolated articular chondrocytes in increments of 2 cm of water every 60 seconds up to a maximum of 10 cm of water. At each pressure increment, confocal microscopy was used to visualise the mitochondria and nucleus labelled with JC-1 and Syto-16, respectively. To investigate intracellular calcium signalling, separate cells were labelled with Fluo 4, rapidly aspirated to 5 cm of water and then imaged for 5 minutes at a tare pressure of 0.1 cm of water. Partial cell aspiration was associated with distortion of the mitochondrial network, elongation of the nucleus and movement towards the pipette mouth. Treatment with cytochalasin D or nocodazole produced an increase in cell aspiration indicating that both the actin microfilaments and microtubules provide mechanical integrity to the cell. When the data was normalised to account for the increased cell deformation, both actin microfilaments and microtubules were shown to be necessary for strain transfer to the intracellular organelles. Mitochondria and nucleus deformation may both be involved in chondrocyte mechanotransduction as well as cellular and intracellular mechanics. In addition, pipette aspiration induced intracellular calcium signalling which may also form part of a mechanotransduction pathway. Alternatively calcium mobilisation may serve to modify actin polymerisation, thereby changing cell mechanics and membrane rigidity in order to facilitate localised cell deformation. These findings have important implications for our understanding of cell mechanics and mechanotransduction as well as interpretation and modelling of pipette aspiration data., IOS PRESS, 英語

Transendothelial Migration of Leukocytes in Cocultured Vessel Model Exposed to Shear Stress　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the BMES Annual Fall Meeting, 2006年

Effect of fluid shear stress on migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in cocultured model
Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 34, 3, 408, 415, 2006年

細胞バイオメカニクスにおける近年の進歩　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
日本バイオレオロジー学会誌, 20, 3, 12, 14, 2006年

Evaluation of tension in actin bundle of endothelial cells based on preexisting strain and tensile properties measurements　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, 2006年

Effect of Fluid Shear Stress on Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Cocultured Model
SAKAMOTO Naoya, OHASHI Toshiro, SATO Masaaki, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 34, 3, 408, 415, 2006年

Nitric Oxide Production and Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype of Endothelial Cell-Smooth Muscle Cell Cocultured Model
SAKAMOTO Naoya, OI Masaki, OHASHI Toshiro, SATO Masaaki, Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, 1, 1, 224, 233, 2006年
This study investigated nitric oxide (NO) production and phenotype changes of smooth muscle cells (SMC) in a cocultured model (CM) exposed to fluid shear stress. The CM was composed of human umbilical endothelial cells (EC) and SMC, a collagen layer, and a porous membrane. After exposing the CM to shear stress of 1.5 Pa for 24 hours, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression of SMC and NO production in culture media were examined. Under static conditions, α-SMA expression in the CM was significantly lower than that of a SMC monocultured model (SMC model). After exposure to shear stress, NO production in the CM increased compared to that in the static CM, and there was no significant difference in α-SMA expression between the CM and SMC model. These results suggest that EC may regulate phenotype changes of cocultured SMC, and NO may be one of the factors which induce dedifferentiation of SMC., The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 英語

Tensile properties of single stress fibers isolated from cultured vascular smooth muscle cells
Shinji Deguchi, Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato, Journal of Biomechanics, 39, 14, 2603, 2610, 2006年
Stress fibers (SFs), a contractile bundle of actin filaments, play a critical role in mechanotransduction in adherent cells
yet, the mechanical properties of SFs are poorly understood. Here, we measured tensile properties of single SFs by in vitro manipulation with cantilevers. SFs were isolated from cultured vascular smooth muscle cells with a combination of low ionic-strength extraction and detergent extraction and were stretched until breaking. The breaking force and the Young's modulus (assuming that SFs were isotropic) were, on average, 377 nN and 1.45 MPa, which were approximately 600-fold greater and three orders of magnitude lower, respectively, than those of actin filaments reported previously. Strain-induced stiffening was observed in the force-strain curve. We also found that the extracted SFs shortened to approximately 80% of the original length in an ATP-independent manner after they were dislodged from the substrate, suggesting that SFs had preexisting strain in the cytoplasm. The force required for stretching the single SFs from the zero-stress length back to the original length was approximately 10 nN, which was comparable with the traction force level applied by adherent cells at single adhesion sites to maintain cell integrity. These results suggest that SFs can bear intracellular stresses that may affect overall cell mechanical properties and will impact interpretation of intracellular stress distribution and force-transmission mechanism in adherent cells. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., 英語

Intracellular stress transmission through actin stress fiber network in adherent vascular cells　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, 2006年

SEM像立体解析による歯根破折の破壊力学的検討　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
日本実験力学会誌, 6, 4, 77, 81, 2006年

Nitric Oxide Production and Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype of Endothelial Cell-Smooth Muscle Cell Cocultured Model
SAKAMOTO Naoya, OI Masaki, OHASHI Toshiro, SATO Masaaki, Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, 1, 1, 224, 233, 2006年
This study investigated nitric oxide (NO) production and phenotype changes of smooth muscle cells (SMC) in a cocultured model (CM) exposed to fluid shear stress. The CM was composed of human umbilical endothelial cells (EC) and SMC, a collagen layer, and a porous membrane. After exposing the CM to shear stress of 1.5 Pa for 24 hours, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression of SMC and NO production in culture media were examined. Under static conditions, α-SMA expression in the CM was significantly lower than that of a SMC monocultured model (SMC model). After exposure to shear stress, NO production in the CM increased compared to that in the static CM, and there was no significant difference in α-SMA expression between the CM and SMC model. These results suggest that EC may regulate phenotype changes of cocultured SMC, and NO may be one of the factors which induce dedifferentiation of SMC., The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 英語

Transendothelial Migration of Leukocytes in Cocultured Vessel Model Exposed to Shear Stress　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the BMES Annual Fall Meeting, 2006年

バイオメカニクス
大橋 俊朗, 人工臓器, 34, 3, 184, 186, 2005年12月15日
一般社団法人 日本人工臓器学会, 日本語

Intracellular stress transmission through actin stress fiber network in adherent vascular cells
S. Deguchi, T. Ohashi, M. Sato, MCB Molecular and Cellular Biomechanics, 2, 4, 205, 216, 2005年12月
Intracellular stress transmission through subcellular structural components has been proposed to affect activation of localized mechano-sensing sites such as focal adhesions in adherent cells. Previous studies reported that physiological extracellular forces produced heterogeneous spatial distributions of cytoplasmic strain. However, mechanical signaling pathway involved in intracellular force transmission through basal actin stress fibers (SFs), a mechano-responsive cytoskeletal structure, remains elusive. In the present study, we investigated force balance within the basal SFs of cultured smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells by (i) removing the cell membrane and cytoplasmic constituents except for materials physically attaching to the substrate (i.e., SF-focal adhesion complexities) or (ii) dislodging either mechanically or chemically the cell processes of the cells expressing fluorescent proteins-labeled actin and focal adhesions in order to examine stress-release-induced deformation of the basal SFs. The result showed that a removal of mechanical restrictions for SFs resulted in a decrease in the length of the remaining SFs, which means SFs bear tension. In addition, a release of the preexisting tension in a single SF was transmitted to another SF physically linked to the former, but not transmitted to the other ones physically independent of the former, suggesting that the prestress is balanced in tensed SF networks. These results support a hypothesis regarding cell structural architecture that physiological extracellular forces can produce in the basal SF network a directional intracellular stress or strain distribution. Therefore, consideration of the coexistence of the directional stretching strain along the axial direction of SFs and the heterogeneous strain in the other cytoplasmic region will be essential for understanding intracellular stress transmission in the adherent cells. Copyright © 2000 Tech Science Press., 英語

拍動周期が内皮細胞のインテグリン発現に及ぼす影響 (〔平成17年度日本バイオレオロジー学会〕論文賞および奨励賞受賞講演論文)
伊藤 一志, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 日本バイオレオロジ-学会誌, 19, 4, 164, 168, 2005年12月
日本バイオレオロジ-学会, 日本語

Newly designed tensile test system for in vitro measurement of mechanical properties of cytoskeletal filaments
S Deguchi, T Ohashi, M Sato, JSME INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL SERIES C-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS MACHINE ELEMENTS AND MANUFACTURING, 48, 4, 396, 402, 2005年12月
A tensile test system for isolated cytoskeletal filaments, which enables to control strain rate, was newly designed. A pair of piezo-driven cantilevers were used to manipulate the specimen and to measure tensile load from the deflection of one of the cantilevers. The displacements of the cantilevers were optically and electrically detected. The specimen strain, determined from the cantilever displacements, was used as a feedback signal. We proposed a servo-system for strain rate control in which a desired path for the strain transition was designated. The path was chosen as a triangular-shape waveform against time, along which the strain rate is kept constant. We measured tensile properties of a single stress fiber isolated from a smooth muscle cell with this system to obtain a stretching stiffness of 45 nN per strain. Performance evaluation and the tensile test demonstrated that the system enabled to carry out strain rate-controlled tensile test., JAPAN SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, 英語

A101 せん断応力負荷共培養血管モデルを用いた白血球遊走性に与える細胞間相互作用の影響(A1-1 細胞工学1)
植木 洋輔, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオフロンティア講演会講演論文集, 2005, 16, 1, 2, 2005年11月08日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

A102 拍動流が血管内皮細胞のインテグリン発現に及ぼす影響(A1-1 細胞工学1)
伊藤 一志, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオフロンティア講演会講演論文集, 2005, 16, 3, 4, 2005年11月08日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

A103 コンドロサイトの力学特性とコラーゲン産生に与える静水圧の影響(A1-1 細胞工学1)
黒田 亮典, 井戸 秀人, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオフロンティア講演会講演論文集, 2005, 16, 5, 6, 2005年11月08日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

Pipette aspiration technique for the measurement of nonlinear and anisotropic mechanical properties of blood vessel walls under biaxial stretch
T Ohashi, H Abe, T Matsumoto, M Sato, JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 38, 11, 2248, 2256, 2005年11月
A pipette aspiration technique was proposed for the measurement of nonlinear mechanical properties of arteries under biaxial stretching. A cross-shaped specimen of porcine thoracic aorta whose principal axes corresponded with the axial and circumferential directions of the aortic walls was excised. The intraluminal surface of the specimen was aspirated with a circular cross-sectioned glass pipette while the specimen was stretching in the axial and circumferential directions in 10% increments. The elastic modulus agreed with the incremental elastic modulus obtained through a conventional pressure-diameter test of the same specimen to within an error of 30% at a circumferential stretch ratio below 1.3 and an axial stretch ratio of 1.0, 1.1 or 1.2, which represent lower range of physiological stretch ratios for the porcine aorta. A rectangular cross-sectioned pipette was utilized to measure anisotropic properties of the specimen under biaxial stretching. When aspirated with such a pipette, the specimens' elastic properties along the length of the rectangular pipette cross section can be neglected. The elastic modulus was found to increase rapidly when the specimen was stretched in the direction of the pipette's width. Thus, pipette aspiration should have many advantages such as well measurement of the local nonlinear and anisotropic mechanical properties of blood vessel walls. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 英語

1251 流れ負荷内皮細胞における骨格構造と焦点接着斑の果たす役割(J03-1 細胞の構造と流れのメカニクス(1),J03 細胞の構造と流れのメカニクス)
大橋 俊朗, 熊谷 良治, 望月 直樹, 佐藤 正明, 年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting, 2005, 6, 113, 114, 2005年09月18日
Temporal behavior of cytoskeletons such as actin filaments, and microtubules and FAT (Focal Adhesion Targeting) domain was observed in sheared endothelial cells using gene transfection technique to understand their mechanical roles in endothelial cell remodeling. Plasmid encoding enhanced GFP-actin, GFP-tubulin and RFP-FAT domain were transfected into bovine aortic endothelial cells using a liposomal method. After gene transfection, cells were exposed to shear stress of 2 Pa using a parallel plate flow chamber and temporally observed by fluorescence microscopy. During the process of cell el..., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

113 せん断応力に対する内皮細胞の力学応答(基調講演,OS6 バイオメディカルエンジニアリング)
大橋 俊朗, 日本機械学会東北支部秋季講演会講演論文集, 2005, 41, 29, 30, 2005年09月09日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

Evaluation of tension in actin bundle of endothelial cells based on preexisting strain and tensile properties measurements
S. Deguchi, T. Ohashi, M. Sato, MCB Molecular and Cellular Biomechanics, 2, 3, 125, 133, 2005年09月
Actin bundles in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) play a critical role in transmitting intracellular forces between separate focal adhesion sites. However, quantitative descriptions of tension level in single actin bundles in a physiological condition are still poorly studied. Here, we evaluated magnitude of preexisting tension in a single actin bundle of ECs on the basis of measurements of its preexisting stretching strain and tensile properties. Cultured ECs expressing fluorescently-labeled actin were treated with detergents to extract acin bundles. One end of an actin bundle was then dislodged from the substrate by using a microneedle, resulting in a shortening of the actin bundle due to a release of preexisting tension. Assuming the shortened actin bundle reached its non-stress state, preexisting stretching strain was determined to be 0.24 on average. A tensile test of the dislodged single acin bundle was conducted with a pair of cantilevers to measure the force required for stretching it up to the original length, yielding an estimate of preexisting tension in the actin bundle. The magnitude of the preexisting tension, 4 nN on average, was comparable to previously reported data of the traction force generated by adherent cells at single adhesion sites to keep cell integrity. The Young's modulus of the isolated actin bundle was estimated to be ∼300 kPa from the tensile tests together with evaluation of average diameter of the isolated actin bundle based on transmission electron microscopy. These data will contribute to better understanding of intracellular stress transmission mechanism in ECs. Copyright © 2005 Tech Science Press., 英語

Flow-induced hardening of endothelial nucleus as an intracellular stress-bearing organelle
S Deguchi, K Maeda, T Ohashi, M Sato, JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 38, 9, 1751, 1759, 2005年09月
The mechanical contribution of nucleus in adherent cells to bearing intracellular stresses remains unclear. In this paper, the effects of fluid shear stress on morphology and elastic properties of endothelial nuclei were investigated. The morphological observation suggested that the nuclei in the cytoplasm were being vertically compressed under static conditions, whereas they were elongated and more compressed with a fluid shear stress of 2 Pa (20 dyn/cm(2)) onto the cell. The elongated nuclei remained the shape even after they were isolated from the cells. The micropipette aspiration technique on the isolated nuclei revealed that the elastic modulus of elongated nuclei, 0.62 +/- 0.15 kPa (n = 13, mean +/- SD), was significantly higher than that of control nuclei, 0.42 +/- 0.12 kPa (n = 11), suggesting that the nuclei remodeled their structure due to the shear stress. Based of these results and a transmission electron microscopy, a possibility of the nucleus as an intracellular compression-bearing organelle was proposed, which will impact interpretation of stress distribution in adherent cells. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 英語

Remodeling of vascular endothelial cells exposed to fluid shear stress: Experimental and numerical approach
Toshiro Ohashi, Masaaki Sato, Fluid Dynamics Research, 37, 1-2, 40, 59, 2005年07月
Vascular endothelial cells are an interface between blood vessel walls and blood flow, and play important roles in physiological functions. Since endothelial cell responses to fluid shear stress have been implicated in the localization of atherosclerosis, the effect of shear stress on endothelial cell morphology and functions has been exclusively studied. After applying fluid shear stress, cultured endothelial cells show marked elongation and orientation in the flow direction. In addition, thick stress fibers of actin filaments appear and align along the cell long axis. Thus, the endothelial cell morphology is closely related to the cytoskeletal structure. The purpose of this review is to summarize endothelial cell responses to fluid flow which have been studied, focusing on the changes in cell shape and cytoskeletal structure. Numerical studies to simulate local flow field at the cellular level and the resulting intracellular stresses are also reviewed. © 2005 Published by The Japan Society of Fluid Mechanics and Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., 英語, 書評論文,書評,文献紹介等

Remodeling of vascular endothelial cells exposed to fluid shear stress: experimental and numerical approach
T Ohashi, M Sato, FLUID DYNAMICS RESEARCH, 37, 1-2, 40, 59, 2005年07月
Vascular endothelial cells are an interface between blood vessel walls and blood flow, and play important roles in physiological functions. Since endothelial cell responses to fluid shear stress have been implicated in the localization of atherosclerosis, the effect of shear stress on endothelial cell morphology and functions has been exclusively studied. After applying fluid shear stress, cultured endothelial cells show marked elongation and orientation in the flow direction. In addition, thick stress fibers of actin filaments appear and align along the cell long axis. Thus, the endothelial cell morphology is closely related to the cytoskeletal structure. The purpose of this review is to summarize endothelial cell responses to fluid flow which have been studied, focusing on the changes in cell shape and cytoskeletal structure. Numerical studies to simulate local flow field at the cellular level and the resulting intracellular stresses are also reviewed. (C) 2005 Published by The Japan Society of Fluid Mechanics and Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 英語

拍動周期が内皮細胞のインテグリン発現に及ぼす影響
伊藤 一志, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 日本バイオレオロジー学会年会抄録集, 28, 26, 26, 2005年06月30日
日本語

共存培養モデルにおけるせん断応力負荷内皮細胞と白血球の接着性変化
大井 正樹, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 日本バイオレオロジー学会年会抄録集, 28, 38, 38, 2005年06月30日
日本語

マイクロポストを用いた平滑筋細胞の牽引力計測
大橋 俊朗, 亀田 憲史, 佐藤 正明, 日本バイオレオロジー学会年会抄録集, 28, 44, 44, 2005年06月30日
日本語

静水圧が培養内皮細胞の形態およびカドヘリン発現に与える影響
佐藤 正明, 菅谷 嘉晃, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 日本バイオレオロジー学会年会抄録集, 28, 52, 52, 2005年06月30日
日本語

08. せん断応力を負荷した共存培養モデルの内皮細胞に対する白血球接着性の変化(平成16年度東北支部大会抄録, 支部大会抄録)
大井 正樹, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 生体医工学 : 日本エム・イー学会誌, 43, 2, 328, 329, 2005年06月10日
社団法人日本生体医工学会, 日本語

09. コンドロサイトの力学特性とコラーゲンの産生に対する静水圧の影響(平成16年度東北支部大会抄録, 支部大会抄録)
井戸 秀人, 黒田 亮典, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 生体医工学 : 日本エム・イー学会誌, 43, 2, 329, 329, 2005年06月10日
社団法人日本生体医工学会, 日本語

111 流れ負荷培養内皮細胞の骨格構造と焦点接着斑の経時観察(OS1-02 : 細胞の物理刺激応答(2),マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス)
熊谷 良治, 大橋 俊朗, 望月 直樹, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング学術講演会・セミナー講演論文集, 2004, 17, 23, 24, 2005年01月21日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

132 拍動周期が内皮細胞の接着性に及ぼす影響(OS1-10 : 細胞の物理刺激応答(3),マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクス)
伊藤 一志, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング学術講演会・セミナー講演論文集, 2004, 17, 259, 260, 2005年01月21日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

Mechanical properties of isolated stress fibers and nuclei to understand mechanical responses of endothelial cells　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
M Sato, S Deguchi, T Ohashi, Proc. 6th Asian-Pacific Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering, 2005年

Mechanical properties of stress fiber and nucleus to understand intracellular stress transmission　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
S Deguchi, T Ohashi, M Sato, Proc. The Second Japan-Switzerland Workshop on Biomechanics, 2005年

In vivo mechanical properties of thoracic aortic aneurysmal wall estimated from in vitro biaxial tensile test
T Fukui, T Matsumoto, T Tanaka, T Ohashi, K Kumagai, H Akimoto, K Tabayashi, M Sato, BIO-MEDICAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING, 15, 4, 295, 305, 2005年
To investigate the mechanism of aneurysm rupture, it is necessary to examine the mechanical properties of aneurysm tissues in vivo. A new approach to evaluate in vivo mechanical properties of aortic aneurysmal tissues has been proposed in this study. The shape of the aneurysm was modeled as a sphere, and equi-biaxial stress in the in vivo state was estimated from the diameter and the wall thickness of each aneurysm and mean blood pressure of each patient. The mechanical properties of the aneurysm at the in vivo stress were estimated from its in vitro biaxial tensile properties. There were no significant correlations among maximum diameter D, wall thickness t, and mean infinitesimal strain in the in vivo state epsilon(m). This indicates the wall deformation during aneurysm development was not elastic but plastic. The mean incremental elastic modulus H-m, an index of tissue stiffness, had a significant positive correlation with elastic modulus anisotropy index K-H. This indicates the aneurysmal wall got more anisotropic in vivo as it becomes stiffer., IOS PRESS, 英語

Multilayered Phenomena of Cultured Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells by Exposure to Hydrostatic Pressure　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering, 2005年

Subcellular Distribution of Traction Forces of Smooth Muscle Cells Using Micropatterned Substrates　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Biorheology, 2005年

Multilayered Phenomena of Cultured Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells by Exposure to Hydrostatic Pressure　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering, 2005年

Adhesive Property of Leukocytes to Endothelial Cells in Cocultured Model Exposed to Fluid Shear Stress　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the ASME 2005 Summer Bioengineering Conference, 2005年

Tensile properties of single stress fibers characterized by in vitro manipulation
BIORHEOLOGY, 42, 1-2, 37, 38, 2005年
IOS PRESS, 英語, 研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）

Contributions of Cytoskeletal Structures to Traction Forces Generated by Smooth Muscle Cells Using Microfabricated Substrate　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering, 2005年

Tensile Properties of Single Stress Fibers Characterized by In Vitro Manipulation　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Biorheology, 2005年

Subcellular Distribution of Traction Forces of Smooth Muscle Cells Using Micropatterned Substrates　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Biorheology, 2005年

Biorheological views of endothelial cell responses to mechanical stimuli
M Sato, T Ohashi, BIORHEOLOGY, 42, 6, 421, 441, 2005年
Vascular endothelial cells are located at the innermost layer of the blood vessel wall and are always exposed to three different mechanical forces: shear stress due to blood flow, hydrostatic pressure due to blood pressure and cyclic stretch due to vessel deformation. It is well known that endothelial cells respond to these mechanical forces and change their shapes, cytoskeletal structures and functions. In this review, we would like to mainly focus on the effects of shear stress and hydrostatic pressure on endothelial cell morphology. After applying fluid shear stress, cultured endothelial cells show marked elongation and orientation in the flow direction. In addition, thick stress fibers of actin filaments appear and align along the cell long axis. Thus, endothelial cell morphology is closely related to the cytoskeletal structure. Further, the dynamic course of the morphological changes is shown and the related events such as changes in mechanical stiffness and functions are also summarized. When endothelial cells were exposed to hydrostatic pressure, they exhibited a marked elongation and orientation in a random direction, together with development of centrally located, thick stress fibers. Pressured endothelial cells also exhibited a multilayered structure with less expression of VE-cadherin unlike under control conditions. Simultaneous loading of hydrostatic pressure and shear stress inhibited endothelial cell multilayering and induced elongation and orientation of endothelial cells with well-developed VE-cadherin in a monolayer, which suggests that for a better understanding of vascular endothelial cell responses one has to take into consideration the combination of the different mechanical forces such as exist under in vivo mechanical conditions., IOS PRESS, 英語

Tensile Properties of Single Stress Fibers Isolated from Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Journal of Biomechanics, 39, 14, 2603, 2610, 2005年

Biorheological Views of Endothelial Cell Responses to Mechanical Stimuli　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Biorheology, 42, 6, 421, 441, 2005年

Contributions of Cytoskeletal Structures to Traction Forces Generated by Smooth Muscle Cells Using Microfabricated Substrate　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering, 2005年

Adhesive Property of Leukocytes to Endothelial Cells in Cocultured Model Exposed to Fluid Shear Stress　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the ASME 2005 Summer Bioengineering Conference, 2005年

Effect of shear stress on permeability of vascular endothelial monolayer cocultured with smooth muscle cells
N Sakamoto, T Ohashi, M Sato, JSME INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL SERIES C-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS MACHINE ELEMENTS AND MANUFACTURING, 47, 4, 992, 999, 2004年12月
Effect of fluid shear stress on permeability of endothelial monolayer was investigated using an endothelial cell (EC)-smooth muscle cell (SMC) cocultured model (CM). Permeability of ECs to bovine serum albumin was measured after exposure to shear stress of 1.5 Pa for 48 hours. Morphology and VE-cadherin expression of ECs in CM was almost same as of ECs cultured alone (monocultured model, MM). Under static condition, EC permeability was 5.1 +/- 3.0 x 10(-6) cm/sec (mean +/- SD) in MM and 6.5 +/- 3.4 x 10(-6) cm/sec in CM. After exposure to shear stress, EC permeability in CM (2.2 +/- 1.9 x 10(-6) cm/sec, p < 0.05) significantly decreased compared with the static model. However, EC permeability in MM (3.9 +/- 3.2 x 10(-6) cm/sec) did not significantly change compared with static cultured condition. These results suggested that cellular interactions between ECs and SMCs have important influences on EC permeability., JAPAN SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, 英語

A106 静水圧がコンドロサイトの力学特性とコラーゲンの産生に与える影響(A1-2 細胞工学2)
井戸 秀人, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオフロンティア講演会講演論文集, 2004, 15, 17, 18, 2004年11月04日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

A108 共存培養モデルにおける内皮細胞と白血球の接着性にせん断応力が与える影響(A1-2 細胞工学2)
大井 正樹, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオフロンティア講演会講演論文集, 2004, 15, 21, 22, 2004年11月04日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

構造最適化による流れ負荷血管内皮細胞の有限要素法解析(<特集>イメージベースト連成バイオメカニクス)
大橋 俊朗, 清尾 慎司, 松本 健郎, 佐藤 正明, マツモト タケオ, Matsumoto Takeo, 日本機械学會論文集. A編, 70, 697, 1262, 1268, 2004年09月25日
A finite element analysis using structural optimization method was performed to simulate the remodeling of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) under flow condition. BAECs showed marked elongation and aligned in the flow direction by exposing to a steady shear stress of 2 Pa for 24h. An atomic force microscope (AFM) system was used to obtain cell surface topography, showing that the cell height decreased significantly from 2.8±1.0μm to 1.4±0.5μm with exposure to fluid flow. The fluorescent images of cells stained by rhodamine-phalloidin showed that control cells exhibited dense periphera..., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

ストレスファイバの力学特性に基づいた接着細胞の力学構造モデル(S02-3 生体組織のマルチスコープメカニクス(3).細部のマルチモーダル・メカニクス,S02 生体組織のマルチスコープメカニクス)
出口 真次, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting, 2004, 5, 33, 34, 2004年09月04日
In this paper, mechanical architecture of adherent cells such as endothelial cells was discussed based on experimental evaluation of mechanical properties of subcellular structural components. Tensile properties of single stress fibers, bundles of actin filaments, in endothelial cells were obtained with in vitro micromanipulation. Preexisting tension in the stress fibers was then evaluated from the tensile properties and preexisting strain. Physiological tension level of the stress fibers was found to be 1-10 nN order of magnitude, which was "comparable to that of the traction force applied..., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

静水圧による培養内皮細胞の形態変化とカドヘリンの発現(G02-2 細胞,G02 バイオエンジニアリング部門)
菅谷 嘉晃, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting, 2004, 5, 111, 112, 2004年09月04日
Effect of hydrostatic pressure on morphology and expression of VE-cadherin of cultured bovine endothelial cells (ECs) was investigated. After confluent ECs were exposed to hydrostatic pressure of 0, 50, 100 and 150 mmHg for 24 hours, F-actin filaments and VE-cadherin of ECs were stained. Statically cultured ECs formed a cobblestone pattern of contact-inhibited cells with thin, short F-actin filaments. VE-cadherin was uniformly distributed at the periphery of cells. In contrast, ECs exposed to hydrostatic pressure exhibited marked elongation and random orientation, together with development ..., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

Mechanical properties and function of the spinal pia mater
H Ozawa, T Matsumoto, T Ohashi, M Sato, S Kokubun, JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY-SPINE, 1, 1, 122, 127, 2004年07月
Object. The pia mater has received little attention regarding its function in the deformation of the spinal cord under compression. In this study the mechanical properties and function of the spinal pia mater were investigated using three methods.
Methods. Spinal cord segments were excised from rabbits. The elastic modulus of the pia mater was measured by performing a tensile test using specimens with the pia mater intact and ones with the pia mater stripped off. The stiffness of the spinal cord was examined by performing a compression test with specimens containing an intact pia mater and ones with a pia mater that was incised at both sides. The cross-sectional area and circumference of the spinal cord were measured on axial views of magnetic resonance images in patients with cervical disc herniations before and after surgery.
The pia mater had an elastic modulus of 2300 kPa, which was 460 times higher than that of spinal cord parenchyma. By covering the parenchyma, it tripled the overall elastic modulus of the spinal cord. The pia mater increased the stiffness of the spinal cord and enhanced its shape recovery after removal of the compression. The cross-sectional area of the spinal cord increased after surgery, whereas the circumference of the spinal cord changed little.
Conclusions. The pia mater firmly covers the spinal cord and has a high elastic modulus; it therefore provides a constraint on the spinal cord surface. It prevents elongation of the circumference and produces a large strain energy that is responsible for shape restoration following decompression., AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS, 英語

動脈硬化症発生メカニズムにおける内皮細胞と平滑筋細胞の相互作用
坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 日本バイオレオロジー学会誌(B&R) = Journal of Japanese Society of Biorheology, 18, 40, 40, 2004年05月24日
日本語

Measurement of Mechanical Properties of Subcellular Components in Adherent Cells(Cellular & Tissue Engineering)
Deguchi Shinji, Ohashi Toshiro, Sato Masaaki, Proceedings of the ... Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics, 2004, 1, 77, 78, 2004年03月25日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 英語

Role of nitric oxide in migration of smooth muscle cells in cocultured model(Cellular & Tissue Engineering)
Sakamoto Naoya, Ohashi Toshiro, Sato Masaaki, Proceedings of the ... Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics, 2004, 1, 83, 84, 2004年03月25日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 英語

Significance of Pretension of Single Stress Fibers in Living Smooth Muscle Cells(Micro- and Nano-biomechanics)
Deguchi Shinji, Ohashi Toshiro, Sato Masaaki, Proceedings of the ... Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics, 2004, 1, 221, 222, 2004年03月25日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 英語

508 血管内皮細胞の局所力学特性と骨格構造(生体工学II)
鈴木 賢一, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 講演論文集, 2004, 39, 186, 187, 2004年03月13日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

509 アクチンフィラメントを考慮した内皮細胞の流体-構造連成有限要素解析(生体工学II)
池田 岳司, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 講演論文集, 2004, 39, 188, 189, 2004年03月13日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

112 細胞骨格と核の力学特性の計測
出口 真次, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2004, 16, 27, 28, 2004年01月21日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

114 共存培養モデルを用いた平滑筋細胞遊走性に与える一酸化窒素の影響
坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2004, 16, 31, 32, 2004年01月21日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

Measurement of preexisting strain of stress fibers in smooth muscle cells　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
S Deguchi, T Ohashi, M Sato, Proc. The 43rd Annual Conference of Japanese Society for Medical and Biological Engineering, 2004年

Morphological Responses of Aortic Endothelial Cells to Physiological Hydrostatic Pressure　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the14th European Society of Biomechanics Conference, 2004年

Morphology and Expression of VE-cadherin of Bovine Endothelial Cells Exposed to Hydrostatic Pressure　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the BMES Annual Fall Meeting, 2004年

Mechanical Properties of a Single Stress Fiber Isolated from Cultured Smooth Muscle Cells　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the BMES Annual Fall Meeting, 2004年

Morphological Responses of Aortic Endothelial Cells to Physiological Hydrostatic Pressure　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the14th European Society of Biomechanics Conference, 2004年

Mechanical Properties of a Single Stress Fiber Isolated from Cultured Smooth Muscle Cells　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the BMES Annual Fall Meeting, 2004年

Morphology and Expression of VE-cadherin of Bovine Endothelial Cells Exposed to Hydrostatic Pressure　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the BMES Annual Fall Meeting, 2004年

Elongation and random orientation of bovine endothelial cells in response to hydrostatic pressure: Comparison with response to shear stress
Y Sugaya, N Sakamoto, T Ohashi, M Sato, JSME INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL SERIES C-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS MACHINE ELEMENTS AND MANUFACTURING, 46, 4, 1248, 1255, 2003年12月
Morphological responses of cultured bovine endothelial cells (ECs) exposed to hydrostatic pressure were investigated. ECs were exposed to physiological blood pressure under a hydrostatic head of culture medium for 24 hours. Pressured ECs exhibited marked elongation and orientation with the random direction,, together with development of centrally located, thick stress fibers. Pressured ECs also exhibited multilayered structure unlike under control conditions. The area and the shape index value significantly decreased after exposure to hydrostatic pressure, which were in good agreement with the results from conventional flow-imposed experiments. In contrast, a tortuosity index, which was newly introduced to represent cell shape tortuosity, significantly increased for pressured ECs, while sheared ECs had no difference in turtuosity index from control. In addition, pressured ECs aligned with no predominant direction, while sheared ECs aligned in the flow direction. These results indicate that ECs can respond very specifically to the type of imposed mechanical stimuli such as hydrostatic pressure and fluid shear stress., JAPAN SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, 英語

Rupture properties of. blood vessel walls measured by pressure-imposed test
T Ohashi, S Sugita, T Matsumoto, K Kumagai, H Akimoto, K Tabayashi, M Sato, JSME INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL SERIES C-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS MACHINE ELEMENTS AND MANUFACTURING, 46, 4, 1290, 1296, 2003年12月
It is expected to be clinically useful to know the mechanical properties of human aortic aneurysms in assessing the potential for aneurysm rupture. For this purpose, a newly designed experimental setup was fabricated to measure the rupture properties of blood vessel walls. A square specimen of porcine thoracic aortas is inflated by air pressure at a rate of 10 mmHg/s (approximate to 1.3 MPa/s) until rupture occurs. Mean breaking stress was 1.8+/-0.4 MPa (mean+/-SD) for the specimens proximal to the heart and 2.3+/-0.8 MPa for the distal specimens, which are not significantly different to those values obtained longitudinally from conventional tensile tests. Moreover, the local breaking stretch ratio in the longitudinal direction was significantly higher at the ruptured site (2.7+/-0.5) than at the unruptured site (2.2+/-0.4). This testing system for studying the rupture properties of aortic walls is expected to be applicable to aortic aneurysms. Experimental verification of the present technique for the homogeneous, isotropic material is also presented., JAPAN SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, 英語

A101 静水圧が培養内皮細胞の形態に与える影響
菅谷 嘉晃, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオフロンティア講演会講演論文集, 2003, 14, 3, 4, 2003年09月17日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

A108 静水圧を負荷したコンドロサイトの力学特性
有賀 紀子, 大橋 俊朗, 坂元 尚哉, 佐藤 正明, バイオフロンティア講演会講演論文集, 2003, 14, 17, 18, 2003年09月17日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

A112 ストレスファイバの粘弾性特性の計測
出口 真次, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオフロンティア講演会講演論文集, 2003, 14, 25, 26, 2003年09月17日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

W08-(2) 流れに対する血管内皮細胞の応答機構に関するマイクロバイオメカニクス
佐藤 正明, 山本 嗣雅, 出口 真次, 望月 直樹, 大橋 俊朗, 年次大会講演資料集, 0, 3, 325, 326, 2003年08月05日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

439 細胞核の力学特性の計測と微細構造の観察
出口 真次, 前田 健二郎, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting, 2003, 5, 29, 30, 2003年08月05日
The changes in morphology of isolated nuclei nuclei from endothelial cells were investigated before and after exposure to fluid flow. In addition, the Young's modulus of nuclei was determined with pipette aspiration technique. In fluorescence observation, the nuclei in the cells were initially found compressed vertically and the isolated nuclei remained almost rounded shape under static conditions. In contrast, the nuclei before and after isolation showed elongated shape under sheared conditions. These results showed that the compressed nuclei were elongated by fluid flow in the same fashio..., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

441 せん断応力負荷内皮細胞における焦点接着斑とアクチンフィラメントの動的挙動
大橋 俊朗, 山本 嗣雅, 望月 直樹, 佐藤 正明, 年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting, 2003, 5, 33, 34, 2003年08月05日
Dynamic behavior of actin filaments and focal adhesion targeting (FAT) was observed in endothelial cells during exposure to fluid flow. Cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells were co-transfected with GFP-actin and RFP-FAT using a liposomal method. Fluid shear stress of 2Pa was then applied to confluent endothlial cell monolayer using a parallel-plate flow chamber. During experiments, fluorescence images were observed every 10min up to 50min by a laser scanning microscope. Before exposure to shear stress, a number of small FAT clusters were observed and the distal tip of actin filaments wa..., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

404 CT 計測に基づく可撤性部分床義歯および下顎骨の有限要素解析 : 光弾性実験との比較
佐藤 良之, 佐々木 具文, 伊藤 秀美, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting, 2003, 7, 7, 8, 2003年08月05日
Finite element analysis was performed on mandibular bone with distal extension removable partial denture (RPD) to assess the effects of RPD on stress distributions in mandibular bone. A finite element model was generated using X-ray CT data on the plaster model having the same morphology as the mandibular model, in which the mechanical properties of mandibular bone, natural teeth and RPD were assigned. In the analyses, a vertical loading was applied to the first molar to approximate occlusal loading of teeth. The analytical results showed the high stress concentrations in the distal and api..., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

力学的刺激に対する血管内皮細胞の応答現象
大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 生物物理, 43, 3, 136, 141, 2003年05月25日
Morphology and local mechanical properties of sheared endothelial cells were measured by using atomic force microscope. After applying a steady shear stress of 2 Pa for 6 hours, bovine aortic endothelial cells showed marked elongation and aligned in the flow direction. The peak cell height decreased significantly with exposure to fluid flow. The fluorescent images showed that control cells exhibited dense peripheral bands of F-actin filaments, while sheared cells exhibited F-actin stress fibers which were thick and centrally located parallel to the flow direction. Elastic modulus estimated ..., 日本生物物理学会, 日本語

210 流れ負荷単一内皮細胞における焦点接着斑の経時変化観察
山本 嗣雅, 大橋 俊朗, 望月 直樹, 佐藤 正明, 講演論文集, 2003, 38, 68, 69, 2003年03月15日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

30.細胞骨格引張試験装置の試作と性能評価(平成14年度東北支部大会抄録)
出口 真次, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 生体医工学 : 日本エム・イー学会誌, 41, 1, 69, 69, 2003年03月10日
社団法人日本生体医工学会, 日本語

104 血管平滑筋細胞のストレスファイバの単離と力学特性の計測
出口 真次, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2003, 15, 11, 12, 2003年01月20日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

144 せん断応力負荷に対する培養内皮細胞の焦点接着斑の経時変化観察
山本 嗣雅, 大橋 俊朗, 望月 直樹, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2003, 15, 217, 218, 2003年01月20日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

148 共存培養血管モデルにおける内皮細胞の形態と物質透過性に対するせん断応力の影響
坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2003, 15, 225, 226, 2003年01月20日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

東北大学大学院工学研究科バイオロボティクス専攻バイオメカニクス講座
大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, BME : bio medical engineering, 17, 1, 124, 125, 2003年01月10日
日本語

Remodeling of endothelial nucleus in response to fluid flow　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
S Deguchi, K Maeda, T Ohashi, M Sato, Proc. The First US National Symposium on Frontiers in Biomechanics, 2003年

Oxygen tension modulates Ca2+ response to flow stimulus in endothelial cells exposed to hydrostatic pressure
Toshiro Ohashi, Naoya Sakamoto, Akiyo Iwao, Masaaki Sato, Technology and Health Care, 11, 4, 263, 274, 2003年
The effects of oxygen gas tensions and hydrostatic pressure on intracellular calcium, [Ca2+]i, response to a flow stimulus in endothelial cells were investigated. Cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) were exposed to a hydrostatic pressure of 100 mmHg under low oxygen gas tensions and were subsequently subjected to a 1 minute mechanical stimulation of fluid shear stress of 20 dynes/cm2. The [Ca2+]i response in BAECs was measured using a fluorescent indicator, Calcium Green-1. The maximum intensity for low oxygen tension was significantly lower than that for normal oxygen tension, which provides evidence that low oxygen tension regulates cellular functions downward. Moreover, preloading of hydrostatic pressure also reduced the increases in [Ca2+]i. These results suggest that BAECs in venous system, where oxygen tension and hydrostatic pressure are lower than those in arterial system, may be less sensitive to fluid flow. A separate observation showed that low oxygen tension did not significantly affect the cell morphology. In constrast, BAECs exposed to hydrostatic pressure showed marked elongation with no predominant orientation and the F-actin filament distributions were rearranged, indicating centrally located thick stress fibers. For better understanding of endothelial cell physiology, it is very important to elucidate the effect of oxygen gas tensions together with mechanical environment on endothelial cell responses., 英語

Dynamic Behavior of Focal Adhesion-Associated Proteins of Cultured Endothelial Cells in Shear Flow Conditions　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, 2003年

Endothelial Cells Exposed to Fluid Shear Stress Regulate Migration of Cocultured Smooth Muscle Cells　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 2003 ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference, 2003年

Single Stress Fibers Isolated from Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Possess Surprisingly High Extensibility　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 2003 ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference, 2003年

Temporal Observation of Dynamic Process of Focal Adhesion-Associated Proteins in Sheared Endothelial Cells　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 2003 ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference, 2003年

Dynamic Behavior of Focal Adhesion-Associated Proteins of Cultured Endothelial Cells in Shear Flow Conditions　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, 2003年

Mechanical Properties Differ between Single Stress Fibers and Actin Filaments　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, 2003年

Mechanical Properties Differ between Single Stress Fibers and Actin Filaments　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, 2003年

Oxygen Tension Modulates Ca2+ Response to Flow Stimulus in Endothelial Cells Exposed to Hydrostatic Pressure　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Technology and Health Care, 11, 4, 263, 274, 2003年

Single Stress Fibers Isolated from Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Possess Surprisingly High Extensibility　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 2003 ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference, 2003年

Temporal Observation of Dynamic Process of Focal Adhesion-Associated Proteins in Sheared Endothelial Cells　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 2003 ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference, 2003年

Evaluation of Rupture Properties of Human Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms Using a Pressure-Imposed Test　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, 2003年

Evaluation of Rupture Properties of Human Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms Using a Pressure-Imposed Test　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, 2003年

Endothelial Cells Exposed to Fluid Shear Stress Regulate Migration of Cocultured Smooth Muscle Cells　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 2003 ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference, 2003年

Local elastic modulus of atherosclerotic lesions of rabbit thoracic aortas measured by pipette aspiration method
Takeo Matsumoto, Hironobu Abe, Toshiro Ohashi, Yoko Kato, Masaaki Sato, Physiological Measurement, 23, 4, 635, 648, 2002年11月
Changes in mechanical properties of arteries during atherogenesis remain controversial. One of the reasons could be that they have been evaluated with parameters measured in a whole vessel, although the lesions are localized. The local elastic modulus of atherosclerotic lesions was measured by the pipette aspiration method in thoracic aortas of rabbits fed a cholesterol diet for 8, 16, 24 and 28 weeks. The global elastic modulus of the whole aorta was measured by the pressure-diameter test. The local modulus decreased from that of the normal tissue in 8 weeks and then increased during the cholesterol feeding period. The global modulus did not change until 24 weeks and increased by 28 weeks. Histological observation revealed that the initial soft lesion was mainly composed of foam cells, and the stiffening accompanied first the appearance of smooth muscle cells in the top layer of the hyperplastic intima and then calcification in its bottom layer. The global elastic modulus did not change until marked calcification occurred in the tissue. These results suggest that change in mechanical properties of atherosclerotic lesion is not simple and has a close correlation with its histology. Assessment of local mechanical properties is important for studying mechanical properties of atherosclerotic arteries., 英語

251 大動脈瘤組織片を用いた破裂特性の計測
大橋 俊朗, 杉田 修啓, 松本 健郎, 熊谷 紀一郎, 秋元 弘治, 田林 晄一, 佐藤 正明, 年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting, 2002, 1, 121, 122, 2002年09月20日
A newly designed experimental setup was fabricated to measure rupture properties of aortic aneurysms. Square specimen obtained from human thoracic aortic aneurysms was inflated by air pressure at a rate of 10 mmHg/s until rupture occurs. Deformation process was observed through two CCD cameras and a high-speed camera. Mean breaking stress and strain were estimated from the specimen geometry considering incompressibility, resulting in 0.97±0.39Mpa (mean±SD) and 0.64±0.10,respectively. Moreover, significant difference was found between mean breaking stress and area fraction of collagen fibers..., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

324 ゲル包埋がコンドロサイトの形質に与える影響
大橋 俊朗, 池田 岳司, 松本 健郎, 佐藤 正明, 年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting, 2002, 6, 75, 76, 2002年09月20日
To determine the effect of extracellular matrix on chondrocytes, mechanical properties and production of type II collagen of chondrocytes were measured. Isolated bovine articular chondrocytes were cultured on a culture dish for 3 weeks and then embedded in a type I collagen gels. After 3-4 weeks, the chondrocytes were excised from the constructs and a pipette aspiration test was performed. The Young's modulus significantly increased when the chondrocytes were embedded in the collagen gels, which corresponded to the development in cytoskeletal structure. In addition, type II collagen was obs..., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

流れ負荷培養内皮細胞の形態と局所力学特性の計測
大橋 俊朗, 清尾 慎司, 石井 泰朗, 石川 寧, 松本 健郎, 佐藤 正明, 生体・生理工学シンポジウム論文集, 17, 15, 18, 2002年09月09日
日本語

A102 CT 計測に基づく下顎骨遊離端義歯・支台歯およびその周囲組織の三次元有限要素解析
佐藤 良之, 大橋 俊朗, 佐々木 具文, 伊藤 秀美, 高橋 昭喜, 松本 健郎, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング学術講演会・セミナー講演論文集, 2002, 13, 3, 4, 2002年09月04日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

A107 ゲル包埋したコンドロサイトの力学特性の変化
池田 岳司, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング学術講演会・セミナー講演論文集, 2002, 13, 13, 14, 2002年09月04日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

A203 せん断応力が内皮細胞と共存培養した平滑筋細胞の遊走性に及ぼす影響
坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 松本 健郎, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング学術講演会・セミナー講演論文集, 2002, 13, 93, 94, 2002年09月04日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

Targeted disruption of dermatopontin causes abnormal collagen fibrillogenesis
U Takeda, A Utani, JH Wu, E Adachi, H Koseki, M Taniguchi, T Matsumoto, T Ohashi, M Sato, H Shinkai, JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY, 119, 3, 678, 683, 2002年09月
Gene targeting of a member of small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans demonstrates that collagen fibrillogenesis is mediated by a set of extracellular matrix components, which interact with collagen. Collagen-associated protein dermatopontin knockout mice were generated in order to analyze the biologic involvement of dermatopontin in the formation of collagen fibrils. Although dermatopontin-null mice did not exhibit any obvious anatomical abnormality, skin elasticity was increased. Skin tensile tests revealed that the initial elastic modulus was 57% lower in dermatopontin-null mice than in wild-type mice, and that maximum tensile strength was similar. Remarkably, light microscopy study showed a significant decrease in the relative thickness of the dermis in dermatopontin-null mice compared with wild-type mice (45.2 +/- 3.09% and 57.8 +/- 4.25%, respectively). The skin collagen content was 40% lower in dermatopontin-null than in wild-type mice. Collagen fibrils in dermatopontin-null mice showed a great variety in diameter and irregular contours under the electron microscope. These data indicate that dermatopontin plays a critical role in elasticity of skin and collagen accumulation attributed to collagen fibrillogenesis in vivo., NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 英語

下顎遊離端義歯・支台歯の応力解析:環状クラスプでのレストの役割
佐藤 良之, 大橋 俊朗, 伊藤 秀美, 佐々木 具文, 佐藤 正明, 高橋 昭喜, 日本実験力学会研究発表講演会講演論文集, 2, 78, 80, 2002年08月05日
日本実験力学会, 日本語

流れ負荷を受ける内皮細胞内骨格構造の実時間挙動観察
佐藤 正明, 露木 啓, 大橋 俊朗, 日本バイオレオロジー学会年会抄録集, 25, 10, 24, 28, 2002年05月13日
Actin filament dynamics in endothelial cells was observed during exposure to fluid shear stress. A plasmid encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to the amino terminus of actin was transfected into cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) using a liposomal method. This functional GFP-actin construct enabled observation of actin filaments in BAECs. BAECs were exposed to fluid shear stress of 2 Pa using a parallel plate flow chamber and dynamic behavior of actin filaments in BAECs expressing stable GFP-actin was observed under a time lapse fluorescence microscopy. Cytoskeletal reorganization during exposure to shear stress preceded changes in cell shape. In a typical example, dense peripheral bands located upstream side in a cell moved toward the nucleus and fine network structure of actin filaments was partly destroyed within 60 min. After 180 min, actin filaments started to form thick bundles in the whole region of the cell, followed by cell elongation to the flow direction. Changes in cell shape and cytoskeletal structure seemed to be finished around 300 min. The GFP-actin expressed in endothelial cells should reveal detailed moving process of actin filaments in endothelial cells under mechanical stimuli., 特定非営利活動法人 日本バイオレオロジー学会, 日本語

208 圧力負荷によるヒト大動脈瘤の破裂特性の計測
杉田 修啓, 大橋 俊朗, 松本 健郎, 熊谷 紀一郎, 秋元 弘治, 田林 晄一, 佐藤 正明, 講演論文集, 2002, 37, 66, 67, 2002年03月16日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

502 EGFP 遺伝子導入技術を利用した単一内皮細胞内骨格構造の実時間挙動観察
露木 啓, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 講演論文集, 2002, 37, 182, 183, 2002年03月16日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

1334 圧力負荷試験によるヒト大動脈瘤の破壊特性の測定
杉田 修啓, 大橋 俊朗, 松本 健郎, 熊谷 紀一郎, 秋元 弘治, 田林 晄一, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2002, 14, 123, 124, 2002年03月01日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

1342 せん断応力負荷に伴う単一内皮細胞内骨格構造の実時間挙動観察
露木 啓, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2002, 14, 129, 130, 2002年03月01日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

2234 せん断応力による培養内皮細胞の Ca^<2+> 応答性に対する酸素濃度と圧力の影響
坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2002, 14, 253, 254, 2002年03月01日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

Experimental and numerical analyses of local mechanical properties measured by atomic force microscopy for sheared endothelial cells
T Ohashi, Y Ishii, Y Ishikawa, T Matsumoto, M Sato, BIO-MEDICAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING, 12, 3, 319, 327, 2002年
Local mechanical properties were measured for bovine endothelial cells exposed to shear stress using an atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the AFM indentations were simulated using a finite element method (FEM) to determine the elastic modulus. After exposure to shear stress, the endothelial cells showed marked elongation and orientation in the flow direction, together with significant decrease in the peak cell height. The applied force-indentation depth curve was obtained at seven different locations on the major axis of the cell surface and quantitatively expressed by the quadratic equation. The elastic modulus was determined by comparison of the experimental and numerical results. The modulus using our FEM model significantly became higher from 12.2+/-4.2 to 18.7+/-5.7 kPa with exposure to shear stress. Fluorescent images showed that stress fibers of F-actin bundles were mainly formed in the central portion of the sheared cells. The significant increase in the modulus may be due to this remodeling of cytoskeletal structure. The moduli using the Hertz model are 0.87+/-0.23 and 1.75+/-0.43 kPa for control and sheared endothelial cells respectively. This difference can be attributable to the differences in approximation functions to determine the elastic modulus. The elastic modulus would contribute a better understanding of local mechanical properties of the cells., IOS PRESS, 英語

Changes in Local Mechanical Properties and Actin Filament Distribution in Endothelial Cells Exposed to Shear Stress　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Biorheology, 2002年

Rupture Properties of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms Using Pressure-Imposed Experiment　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the IV World Congress of Biomechanics, 2002年

Effect of Magnetic Field on Nitric Oxide Synthesis of Cultured Endothelial Cells　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
International Journal Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, 14, 317, 322, 2002年

Experimental and numerical analyses of local mechanical properties measured by atomic force microscopy for sheared endothelial cells
Toshiro Ohashi, Y. Ishii, Y. Ishikawa, T. Matsumoto, M. Sato, Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, 12, 3, 319, 327, 2002年
Local mechanical properties were measured for bovine endothelial cells exposed to shear stress using an atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the AFM indentations were simulated using a finite element method (FEM) to determine the elastic modulus. After exposure to shear stress, the endothelial cells showed marked elongation and orientation in the flow direction, together with significant decrease in the peak cell height. The applied force-indentation depth curve was obtained at seven different locations on the major axis of the cell surface and quantitatively expressed by the quadratic equation. The elastic modulus was determined by comparison of the experimental and numerical results. The modulus using our FEM model significantly became higher from 12.2 ± 4.2 to 18.7 ± 5.7 kPa with exposure to shear stress. Fluorescent images showed that stress fibers of F-actin bundles were mainly formed in the central portion of the sheared cells. The significant increase in the modulus may be due to this remodeling of cytoskeletal structure. The moduli using the Hertz model are 0.87 ± 0.23 and 1.75 ± 0.43 kPa for control and sheared endothelial cells respectively. This difference can be attributable to the differences in approximation functions to determine the elastic modulus. The elastic modulus would contribute a better understanding of local mechanical properties of the cells., 英語

Measurement of Rupture Properties of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms Using Pressure-Imposed Test　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the International Congress on Biological and Medical Engineering, 2002年

Biaxial Tensile Properties of Aortic Aneurysm Tissues under Equibiaxial Stress　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the IV World Congress of Biomechanics, 2002年

Effect of Magnetic Field on Nitric Oxide Synthesis of Cultured Endothelial Cells　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
International Journal Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, 14, 317, 322, 2002年

Structural Optimization Analysis of Endothelial Cell Remodeling to Fluid Flow　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 2nd Joint EMBS & BMES conference, 2002年

Biaxial Tensile Properties of Aortic Aneurysm Tissues under Equibiaxial Stress　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the IV World Congress of Biomechanics, 2002年

Dynamic Behavior of Focal Adhesion - Associated Proteins of Endothelial cells in The Early Stage of Shear Stress Exposure　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the International Congress on Biological and Medical Engineering, 2002年

Dynamic Behavior of Focal Adhesion - Associated Proteins of Endothelial cells in The Early Stage of Shear Stress Exposure　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the International Congress on Biological and Medical Engineering, 2002年

Observation of Actin Filament Movement and Remodeling Process of Endothelial Cells During Exposure to Shear Stress　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the International Congress on Biological and Medical Engineering, 2002年

Measurement of Rupture Properties of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms Using Pressure-Imposed Test　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the International Congress on Biological and Medical Engineering, 2002年

Dynamic Behavior of Actin Filaments in Cultured Endothelial Cells During Exposure to Shear Stress　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the IV World Congress of Biomechanics, 2002年

Observation of Actin Filament Movement and Remodeling Process of Endothelial Cells During Exposure to Shear Stress　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the International Congress on Biological and Medical Engineering, 2002年

Structural Optimization Analysis of Endothelial Cell Remodeling to Fluid Flow　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 2nd Joint EMBS & BMES conference, 2002年

Rupture Properties of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms Using Pressure-Imposed Experiment　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the IV World Congress of Biomechanics, 2002年

Fluid Shear Stress Affects Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Cocultured with Endothelial Cells　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the International Congress on Biological and Medical Engineering, 2002年

Fluid Shear Stress Affects Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Cocultured with Endothelial Cells　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the International Congress on Biological and Medical Engineering, 2002年

Deformation properties of articular chondrocytes: A critique of three separate techniques
DL Bader, T Ohashi, MM Knight, DA Lee, M Sato, BIORHEOLOGY, 39, 1-2, 69, 78, 2002年
This paper presents a series of techniques, which examine the deformation characteristics of bovine articular chondrocytes. The direct contact approach employs well established methodology, involving AFM and micropipette aspiration, to yield structural properties of local regions of isolated chondrocytes. The former technique yields a non-linear response with increased structural stiffness in a central location on a projected image of the chondrocyte. A simple viscoelastic model can be used with data from the micropipette aspiration technique to yield a mean value of Young's modulus, which is similar to that recently reported (Jones et al., 1999). An indirect approach is also described, involving the response of chondrocytes seeded within compressed agarose constructs. For 1% agarose constructs, the resulting cell strain, yields a gross cell modulus of 2.7 kPa. The study highlights the difficulties in establishing unique mechanical parameters, which reflect the deformation behaviour of articular chondrocytes., IOS PRESS, 英語

Changes in Local Mechanical Properties and Actin Filament Distribution in Endothelial Cells Exposed to Shear Stress　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Biorheology, 2002年

Dynamic Behavior of Actin Filaments in Cultured Endothelial Cells During Exposure to Shear Stress　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the IV World Congress of Biomechanics, 2002年

Application of scanning acoustic microscopy for assessing stress distribution in atherosclerotic plaque
Y Saijo, T Ohashi, H Sasaki, M Sato, CS Jorgensen, SI Nitta, ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, 29, 12, 1048, 1053, 2001年12月
Scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) was equipped to assess the acoustic properties of normal and atherosclerotic coronary arteries. The SAM image in the atherosclerotic lesion clearly demonstrated that the sound speed was higher than that in the normal intima, and that the variation of elasticity was found within the fibrous cap of the plaque. Young's elastic modulus of each region was calculated and the finite element analysis was applied to derive the stress distribution in these arterial walls. In a case of normal coronary artery, the stress was dominant in the intima and the distribution was rather homogeneous and in a case of atherosclerosis, high stress was concentrated to the relatively soft lesion in the fibrous cap overlying lipid pool. SAM provides information on the physical properties, which cannot be obtained by the optical microscope. The results would help in understanding the pathological features of atherosclerosis. (C) 2001 Biomedical Engineering Society., BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING SOC AMER INST PHYSICS, 英語

1C11 せん断応力負荷時の単一内皮細胞内アクチンフィラメント構造変化の実時間観察(1C1 適応的リモデリング(1))
露木 啓, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング学術講演会・セミナー講演論文集, 2001, 12, 85, 86, 2001年10月26日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

2A11 力学環境がコンドロサイトの弾性率に与える影響(2A1 細胞の力学計測)
増田 将典, 大橋 俊朗, 松本 健郎, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング学術講演会・セミナー講演論文集, 2001, 12, 131, 132, 2001年10月26日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

2A12 ピペット吸引法の応用による培養内皮細胞の接着力の測定(2A1 細胞の力学計測)
山本 嗣雅, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング学術講演会・セミナー講演論文集, 2001, 12, 133, 134, 2001年10月26日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

2C31 瘤内部位を考慮したヒト大動脈瘤片の二軸引張特性の計測(2C3 血管と心臓の力学特性)
福井 智宏, 松本 健郎, 熊谷 紀一郎, 秋元 弘治, 田林 晄一, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング学術講演会・セミナー講演論文集, 2001, 12, 195, 196, 2001年10月26日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

Comparison of spinal cord ray matter and white matter softness: measurement by pipette aspiration method
H Ozawa, T Matsumoto, T Ohashi, M Sato, S Kokubun, JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY, 95, 2, 221, 224, 2001年10月
Object. Although the gray matter of the spinal cord has been thought to be softer than the white matter, there is no evidence to support this belief. Because the spinal cord is extremely soft, it has been difficult to measure the mechanical properties of the gray and white matter. The modulis of elasticity of the gray and white matter were measured in situ by using a pipette aspiration method.
Method. The spinal cord specimens were excised from Japanese white rabbits. Specimens were cut to display the surfaces of axial, frontal, and sagittal sections. The surfaces of the gray and white matter were aspirated using a 0.8-mm-inner-diameter glass pipette while monitoring with a video microscope, and the deformed length in the pipette was measured on a monitor. In each case the modulus of elasticity was calculated by comparing the relationship between the aspiration pressure and aspirated volume of the specimen with that determined by finite element analysis.
The moduli of elasticity of the gray and white matter were 3.4 +/- 1.4 kPa (mean +/- standard deviation) and 3.4 +/- 0.9 kPa in the axial section, 3 +/- 0.3 kPa and 3.5 +/- 0.5 kPa in the frontal section, and 3.5 +/- 0.9 kPa and 2.8 +/- 0.4 kPa in the sagittal section, respectively.
Conclusions. No significant difference in modulus of elasticity was shown between the gray and white matter of the spinal in sections made in various directions., AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS, 英語

108 ピペット吸引法による皮膚表皮層・真皮層を模擬した2層構造の弾性特性の推定(材料力学II)
永野 雄二郎, 松本 健郎, 川和 拓夫, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 講演論文集, 2001, 15, 16, 2001年09月21日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

F-0822 ALE法を用いた流れ負荷培養内皮細胞の構造最適化シミュレーション(S43-6 循環系の数値シミュレーション(3))(S43 生体力学シミュレーション)
大橋 俊朗, 清尾 慎司, 松本 健郎, 佐藤 正明, 年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting, 0, 1, 43, 44, 2001年08月22日
A finite element analysis using structural optimization method was performed to simulate the remodeling of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs), in which cell surface geometries were measured by an atomic force microscope (AFM) system. After applying a steady shear stress of 2 Pa for 24 hours, BAECs showed marked elongation and aligned in the flow direction. In the AFM measurements, the peak cell height decreased significantly from 2.8 ± 1.0 μm to 1.4 ± 0.5 μm with exposure to fluid flow. The fluorescent images showed that control cells exhibited dense peripheral bands of F-actin filamen..., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

F-0937 低酸素培養環境がせん断応力に対する内皮細胞のCa^<2+>応答に与える影響(G02-4 細胞)(G02 バイオエンジニアリング部門一般講演)
坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 岩尾 暁世, 佐藤 正明, 年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting, 0, 1, 99, 100, 2001年08月22日
Intracellular calcium response to a flow stimulus and morphological changes in sheared endothelial cells were investigated under arterial and venous gas conditions. Prior to the flow stimulus experiments, the endothelial cells were exposed to shear stress of 2 Pa for 6 hours using a parallel-plate flow chamber. Maximum fluorescent intensity of intracellular calcium for venous gas condition was significantly lower than that for arterial gas condition, which provides evidence that low oxygen tensions downregulate cellular physiological functions. However, preloading of shear stress prevented ..., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

114 ピペット吸引法による試料表面からの層状構造の推定に関する基礎検討(OS4-3 生体計測)(OS4 生体材料力学の新展開)
松本 健郎, 永野 雄二郎, 川和 拓央, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 材料力学部門講演会講演論文集, 2001, 35, 36, 2001年07月19日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

せん断応力負荷と血管内皮細胞内アクチンフィラメントの再配列
佐藤 正明, 露木 啓, 大橋 俊朗, 日本バイオレオロジー学会年会抄録集, 24, 37, 37, 2001年05月28日
日本語

Structural Optimization Method of Sheared Endothelial Cells Using Coupled Fluid-Structural Analysis　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
大橋俊朗, 清尾慎司, 松本健郎, 佐藤正明, 日本数値流体力学会雑誌, 9, 4, 99, 105, 2001年04月

122 光センサ内蔵ピペットによる生体軟組織弾性率計測システムの開発(生物医学工学における計測と制御)
大橋 俊朗, 松本 健郎, 佐藤 正明, IIP情報・知能・精密機器部門講演会講演論文集, 2001, 72, 73, 2001年03月23日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

203 流れ負荷培養内皮細胞の構造最適化シミュレーション(学生賞セッションI)
清尾 慎司, 大橋 俊朗, 松本 健郎, 佐藤 正明, 講演論文集, 2001, 36, 52, 53, 2001年03月10日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

家兎動脈硬化病変の組織像と局所弾性率の関係の定量的解析
加藤 陽子, 松本 健郎, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 脈管学, 41, 1, 23, 29, 2001年01月25日
日本語

101 培養期間に伴うコンドロサイトの力学特性の変化
大橋 俊朗, 藤田 学, 増田 将典, 松本 健郎, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2001, 13, 10, 11, 2001年01月15日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

125 微小溝パターンをもった基質における培養血管平滑筋細胞の配向性
坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 松本 健郎, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2001, 13, 176, 177, 2001年01月15日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

137 構造最適化手法を用いた流れ負荷培養内皮細胞の形態変化と応力分布解析
清尾 慎司, 大橋 俊朗, 松本 健郎, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2001, 13, 200, 201, 2001年01月15日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

235 ピペット吸引法による皮膚表皮層・真皮層の弾性特性の分離計測に関する基礎検討
松本 健郎, 川和 拓央, 永野 雄二郎, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, バイオエンジニアリング講演会講演論文集, 2001, 13, 228, 229, 2001年01月15日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

Effect of Magnetic Field on Nitric Oxide Synthesis of Cultured Endothelial Cells　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
International Journal Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, 14, 317, 322, 2001年

Analysis of Local Mechanical Properties of Sheared Endothelial Cells Measured by Atomic Force Microscopy　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the ASME 2001 Summer Bioengineering Conference, 2001年

Analysis of Local Mechanical Properties of Sheared Endothelial Cells Measured by Atomic Force Microscopy　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the ASME 2001 Summer Bioengineering Conference, 2001年

流体ー構造連成解析による流れ負荷培養内皮細胞の構造最適化シミュレーション　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
日本数値流体力学会誌特集「CFD関連分野における連成シミュレーション」, 9, 4, 99, 105, 2001年

Effect of magnetic field on nitric oxide synthesis of cultured endothelial cells
N Sakamoto, T Ohashi, M Sato, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MECHANICS, 14, 1-4, 317, 322, 2001年
The effect of magnetic field on nitric oxide (NO) production of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was investigated. Static magnetic fields (30 mT, 300 mT) and an oscillating magnetic field (30 mT, 20 Hz) were applied to HUVECs for 0.5, 1 and 6 hours and intracellular NO was observed using a fluorescent indicator. There was no effect of the static magnetic field on the NO production of the HUVECs. In contrast, the NO production increased with applying the oscillating magnetic field for 0.5 hour. However, such an increase of NO production was not observed for 1 and 6 hours. We performed a separate experiment to clarify the mechanism of NO synthesis by using an inhibitor of calcium-independent activation of NO synthase. The inhibitor suppressed the increase of NO production caused by the oscillating magnetic field. It can be concluded that oscillating magnetic field may activate calcium-independent pathway of activation for NO synthase., IOS PRESS, 英語

254 流れを負荷した培養内皮細胞内の応力分布と不均質構造
大橋 俊朗, 清尾 慎司, 佐藤 正明, 計算力学講演会講演論文集, 2000, 13, 219, 220, 2000年11月27日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

有限要素法による流れ負荷培養内皮細胞の力学的解析
大橋 俊朗, 松本 健郎, 佐藤 正明, BME : bio medical engineering, 14, 10, 21, 24, 2000年10月10日
日本語

1414 流れを負荷した培養内皮細胞内の不均質性を考慮した応力解析
清尾 慎司, 大橋 俊朗, 石井 泰朗, 佐藤 正明, 年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting, 2000, 2, 253, 254, 2000年07月31日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

1442 変動磁場による培養内皮細胞の NO 産生の変化
坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting, 2000, 2, 269, 270, 2000年07月31日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

1444 原子間力顕微鏡によるせん断応力負荷培養内皮細胞の局所力学特性の計測
大橋 俊朗, 石井 泰朗, 佐藤 正明, 年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting, 2000, 2, 273, 274, 2000年07月31日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

B213 有限要素法による流れ負荷内皮細胞の力学的解析
大橋 俊朗, 清尾 慎司, 佐藤 正明, 日本流体力学会年会講演論文集, 2000, 259, 260, 2000年07月25日
In this paper, intracellular stress distributions in cultured endothelial cells exposed to fluid shear stress were studied using coupled field finite element analysis, in which cell surface geometries are measured by an atomic force microscope (AFM). After application of 6 h exposure to shear stress of 2 Pa, the endothelial cells showed marked elongation and orientation in the flow direction. A three-dimensional finite element model was generated on the basis of the cell surface geometry measured by the AFM. A fluid flow-structural analysis indicated that the endothelial cells may change th..., 日本流体力学会, 日本語

磁場刺激による培養内皮細胞のNO産生の変化
坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 運動療法と物理療法 = The Journal of physical medicine, 11, 3, 244, 244, 2000年06月08日
日本語

(1)矩形断面ピペットを使った生体軟組織弾性率の測定に関する解析と実験
大橋 俊朗, 安倍 裕宣, 松本 健郎, 青木 隆平, 佐藤 正明, 日本機械学會誌, 103, 978, 281, 281, 2000年05月05日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

ピペット吸引法による生体軟組織の力学特性の計測
松本 健郎, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 小澤 浩司, 国分 正一, 運動療法と物理療法 = The Journal of physical medicine, 11, 1, 2, 10, 2000年04月30日
日本語

脊髄の可塑性と軟膜の役割
小澤 浩司, 国分 正一, 松本 健郎, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 運動療法と物理療法 = The Journal of physical medicine, 11, 1, 11, 16, 2000年04月30日
日本語

521 流れによる培養内皮細胞のCa^<2+>応答に対するO_2/CO_2ガス環境の影響(バイオエンジニアリング)
岩尾 暁世, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 講演論文集, 2000, 35, 198, 199, 2000年03月11日
一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

Changes in Local Mechanical Stiffness of Cultured Endothelial Cells by Exposure to Shear Stress　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the European Society of Biomechanics, 2000年

Oscillating Magnetic Field Affects NO Synthesis of Cultured Endothelial Cell　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering, 2000年

Oscillating Magnetic Field Affects NO Synthesis of Cultured Endothelial Cell　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering, 2000年

Changes in Local Mechanical Stiffness of Cultured Endothelial Cells by Exposure to Shear Stress　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the European Society of Biomechanics, 2000年

The Mechanical Response of Individual Chondrocytes　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the European Society of Biomechanics, 2000年

The Mechanical Response of Individual Chondrocytes　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the European Society of Biomechanics, 2000年

Surface topography measurement and intracellular stress analysis of cultured endothelial cells exposed to fluid shear stress
T. Ohashi, S. Sugawara, T. Matsumoto, M. Sato, JSME International Journal, Series C: Mechanical Systems, Machine Elements and Manufacturing, 43, 4, 780, 786, 2000年
Intracellular stress distributions in cultured endothelial cells exposed to fluid shear stress were studied using finite-element analysis, in which cell surface geometries were measured by atomic force microscopy. After applying shear stress, the endothelial cells showed marked elongation and orientation in the flow direction. Finite-element analysis indicated that wall shear stress in the central region around the nucleus was significantly higher than those in the upstream and downstream sides for both control, statically cultured cells, and sheared cells, but the intracellular stress concentrations between the central regions and the other two sides reduced with fluid flow. Fluorescent images showed that stress fibers of F-actin bundles were mainly formed in the central portion of the cells. These results indicate that endothelial cells may change their cytoskeletal structures to increase their stiffness and reduce stress concentrations in the cells., Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 英語

マハラノビスの距離に基づく色調判別を用いた組織画像解析法と血管組織への応用
加藤 陽子, 松本 健郎, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. MI, 医用画像, 99, 191, 1, 5, 1999年07月16日
生体軟組織の局所弾性率とその組織像との間には密接な関係があることが示唆されている. これを定量的に検討するため本研究では組織標本画像上の各点を色調に基づきマハラノビスの距離を用いて分類し, 組織の構成成分の面積割合を求める手法を確立した. ピペット吸引法により局所弾性率を計測した組織標本の構成成分の面積割合を求め, 組織の局所弾性率と組織像との関係を定量的に解析した. ウシ胸大動脈の組織像と家兎胸大動脈における動脈硬化病変部の組織像について本法を適用したところ, 組織構成成分と局所弾性率の間には有意な相関があることが確認できた., 一般社団法人電子情報通信学会, 日本語

円形及び矩形断面ピペットを用いた生体軟組織の弾性率測定に関する解析
大橋 俊朗, 松本 健郎, 青木 隆平, 佐藤 正明, 計算工学講演会論文集, 4, 2, 1059, 1060, 1999年05月26日
日本語

3-D Stress Analysis in Cultured Endothelial Cells Exposed to Fluid Shear Stress　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 1999 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, 1999年

3-D Stress Distribution in Cultured Endothelial Cells Exposed to Shear Stress　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the First Joint Meeting of BMES & EMBS, 1999年

3-D Stress Distribution in Cultured Endothelial Cells Exposed to Shear Stress　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the First Joint Meeting of BMES & EMBS, 1999年

Local Elastic Modulus of Atherosclerotic Lesions of Rabbit Thoracic Aortas and Its Relation to Histology　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the First Joint Meeting of BMES & EMBS, 1999年

Theoretical Analysis of Optically Addressed Spatial Light Modulator with Electromagnetic Driven Micromirror for Optical Information Processing
Toshiro Ohashi, Mitsunobu Yoshida, Kazuhiro Hane, IEEJ Transactions on Sensors and Micromachines, 119, 42591, 424, 429, 1999年
A novel optically addressed spatial light modulator for optical information processing is proposed. The modulator is integrated with micromirror, on which magnetic material is electroplated, photodiode and electric coil. A phtotocurrent will flow in the electric coil and the mirror supported by four cantilevers is actuated by the generated magnetic forces. This movable mirror is placed parallel to another fixed mirror, which structure is called a Fabry-Perot interferometer configuration. Theoretical analysis is performed to estimate the electromagnetic forces acting on the mirror and the displacement of the mirror. Numerical simulations by three-dimensional coupled magneto-structural finite element analysis are also performed, resulting in good agreement with theoretical results. In addition, it is shown that the proposed modulator is effective for pattern recognition. © 1999, The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. All rights reserved., 英語

3-D Stress Analysis in Cultured Endothelial Cells Exposed to Fluid Shear Stress　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 1999 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, 1999年

Local Elastic Modulus of Atherosclerotic Lesions of Rabbit Thoracic Aortas and Its Relation to Histology　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the First Joint Meeting of BMES & EMBS, 1999年

Optical Encoder Having Pitch-Modulated Photodiode Array
Toshiro Ohashi, Takayuki Hirano, Minoru Sasaki, Kazuhiro Hane, Atsushi Ieki, Keiji Matsui, Masayuki Nashiki, IEEJ Transactions on Sensors and Micromachines, 119, 2, 86, 93, 1999年
In this paper, a novel optical encoder having pitch-modulated photodiode array as an index scale has been proposed for integrating the gratings with the detectors. The pitch-modulated photodiode array, which obtains four phase-shifted signals simultaneously, is specially designed to reduce higher harmonics distortions of displacement signal and then fabricated by using integrated circuit process technology. In a preliminary study, the effect of the sensitivity distribution of the photodiode on the measurement has been evaluated. In the encoder experiment, it is shown that the 3rd and 5th order distortions for the pitch-modulated photodiode array are reduced by approximately a factor of more than 10, and are almost independent of the air gap between the main scale and the index scale. The proposed encoder is effective for obtaining precise positioning. © 1999, The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. All rights reserved., 英語

Intramural distribution of elastic moduli in thoracic aortas and its relationship to histology : Comparison between porcine and bovine thoracic aortas
Toshiro Ohashi, Yoko Kato, Takeo Matsumoto, Masaaki Sato, JSME International Journal, Series C: Mechanical Systems, Machine Elements and Manufacturing, 42, 3, 568, 573, 1999年
Local elastic moduli in the wall of porcine thoracic aortas were measured in the axial, circumferential, and radial directions by the pipette aspiration method. The local elastic moduli in the three directions were found to be independent of wall position. Then, histological analysis using color classification based on Mahalanobis' generalized distance was performed to quantitatively assess the correlation between elastic moduli and histology. Porcine thoracic aortas had a typical layered structure. The area fraction values, i.e., the percentage area of three structural components, elastin, collagen fibers and smooth muscle cells, were almost uniform in the wall. On the other hand, the moduli in bovine aortas reported previously decreased significantly from the inner to the outer sides of the wall. The histological structure was not homogeneous, that is, large clusters of smooth muscle cells existed in the outer side. These results suggest that the intramural distributions of elastic moduli are closely correlated with the histological structure., Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 英語

メモリ読み出し用ねじれ振動型AFMプローブに関する解析と製作
田中 康太郎, 大橋 俊朗, 後藤 和也, 羽根 一博, シンポジウム電磁力関連のダイナミックス講演論文集, 10, 121, 122, 1998年10月23日
日本語

有限要素法による電磁駆動式マイクロミラーの磁場-構造連成解析
吉田 充伸, 大橋 俊朗, 羽根 一博, シンポジウム電磁力関連のダイナミックス講演論文集, 10, 123, 124, 1998年10月23日
日本語

脊髄の力学特性と圧迫に対する反応
小澤 浩司, 国分 正一, 大橋 俊朗, 松本 健郎, 佐藤 正明, 日本整形外科學會雜誌 = The Journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association, 71, 8, S1400, 1997年08月25日
日本語

The pipette aspiration applied to the local stiffness measurement of soft tissues
T Aoki, T Ohashi, T Matsumoto, M Sato, ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, 25, 3, 581, 587, 1997年05月
A simple method of identifying the initial slope of the stress-strain curve (i.e., Young's modulus of the soft tissue) by introducing the pipette aspiration technique is presented. The tissue was assumed to be isotropic and macroscopically homogeneous. Numerical simulations by the linear finite element analysis were performed for the axisymmetric model to survey the effects of friction at the tissue-pipette contact boundary, pipette cross-sectional geometry, relative size of the specimen to the pipette, and the layered inhomogeneity of the specimen tissue. The friction at the contact region had little effect on the measurement of Young's modulus. The configuration of the pipette was shown to affect the measurement for small pipette wall thickness. The measurement also depended on the relative size of the specimen to the pipette for relatively small specimens. The extent of the region contributing to the measurement was roughly twice the inside radius of the pipette. In this region, the maximum stress did not exceed the level of the aspiration pressure, with only minor exceptional locations. Calculation of strain energy components indicated that the major contributions to the deformation under pipette aspiration were by the normal extension and shear deformation in pipette axial direction. Experimental verification of the present method for the isotropic, homogeneous artificial material is also presented., BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC, 英語

矩形断面ピペットを使った生体軟組織弾性率の測定に関する解析と実験 (<小特集>バイオダイナミックス)
大橋 俊朗, 安部 裕宣, 松本 健郎, 青木 隆平, 佐藤 正明, マツモト タケオ, Matsumoto Takeo, 日本機械学會論文集. C編, 63, 607, 867, 874, 1997年03月25日
A pipette aspiration technique has been developed to clarify the local anisotropic stiffness of soft biological tissues. This technique provides a simple and practical method of measuring an initial elastic modulus by comparing the slope of the pressure-deformation curve obtained from a finite element analysis with that obtained by experiment using a pipette to aspirate the tissue surface. In previous studies, linear numerical simulations were performed for circular cross-sectional pipettes using an axisymmetric model that is assumed to be isotropic and homogeneous. In this paper, the use o..., 一般社団法人日本機械学会, 日本語

Intramural Distribution of Local Elastic Moduli in Bovine Thoracic Aorta Measured by Pipette Aspiration Method　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Cellular Engineering, 2, 1, 12, 18, 1997年

Intramural distribution of local elastic moduli in bovine thoracic aorta measured by pipette aspiration method　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Cellular Engineering, 2, 1, 12, 18, 1997年

Intramural distribution of local elastic moduli in bovine thoracic aorta measured by pipette aspiration method　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Cellular Engineering, 2, 1, 12, 18, 1997年

The pipette aspiration applied to the local stiffness measurement of soft tissues
Takahira Aoki, Toshiro Ohashi, Takeo Matsumoto, Masaaki Sato, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 25, 3, 581, 587, 1997年
A simple method of identifying the initial slope of the stress-strain curve (i.e., Young's modulus of the soft tissue) by introducing the pipette aspiration technique is presented. The tissue was assumed to be isotropic and macroscopically homogeneous. Numerical simulations by the linear finite element analysis were performed for the axisymmetric model to survey the effects of friction at the tissue-pipette contact boundary, pipette cross-sectional geometry, relative size of the specimen to the pipette, and the layered inhomogeneity of the specimen tissue. The friction at the contact region had little effect on the measurement of Young's modulus. The configuration of the pipette was shown to affect the measurement for small pipette wall thickness. The measurement also depended on the relative size of the specimen to the pipette for relatively small specimens. The extent of the region contributing to the measurement was roughly twice the inside radius of the pipette. In this region, the maximum stress did not exceed the level of the aspiration pressure, with only minor exceptional locations. Calculation of strain energy components indicated that the major contributions to the deformation under pipette aspiration were by the normal extension and shear deformation in pipette axial direction. Experimental verification of the present method for the isotropic, homogeneous artificial material is also presented., American Institute of Physics Inc., 英語

Intramural Distribution of Local Elastic Moduli in Bovine Thoracic Aorta Measured by Pipette Aspiration Method　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Cellular Engineering, 2, 1, 12, 18, 1997年

Local Mechanical Properties in Aortic Walls Measured by Pipette Technique　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, 1997年

Local Mechanical Properties in Aortic Walls Measured by Pipette Technique　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, 1997年

ピペット吸引法による脊髄灰白質、白質の力学特性の検討
小澤 浩司, 国分 正一, 大橋 俊朗, 松本 健郎, 佐藤 正明, 日本整形外科學會雜誌 = The Journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association, 70, 8, S1563, 1996年08月25日
日本語

Local Elastic Moduli of Bovine and Porcine Aortic Walls Measured with Pipette Aspiration Technique　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1995 Advances in Bioengineering, 1995年

Local Elastic Moduli of Bovine and Porcine Aortic Walls Measured with Pipette Aspiration Technique　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1995 Advances in Bioengineering, 1995年

Application of the Pipette Aspiration Technique to the Measurement of Local Elastic Moduli of Cholesterol-fed Rabbit Aortas　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 43, 233, 238, 1994年

Application of the Pipette Aspiration Technique to the Measurement of Local Elastic Moduli of Cholesterol-fed Rabbit Aortas　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 43, 233, 238, 1994年

Local Mechanical Properties of Cholesterol-fed Rabbit Aortae Measured by the Pipette Aspiration Technique　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress of Biomechanics, 1994年

Local Mechanical Properties of Cholesterol-fed Rabbit Aortae Measured by the Pipette Aspiration Technique　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress of Biomechanics, 1994年

Finite Element Analysis of Local Deformation of Soft Tissues Aspirated by Pipette　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress of Biomechanics, 1994年

Finite Element Analysis of Local Deformation of Soft Tissues Aspirated by Pipette　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress of Biomechanics, 1994年

ナノメデイシンの基礎と最先端　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
株式会社オーム社, 2008年

MEME/NEMS工学大全　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
株式会社テクノシステム, 2008年

Future Medical Engineering Based on Bionanotechnology　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Imperial College Press, 2007年

Future Medical Engineering Based on Bionanotechnology　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Imperial College Press, 2007年

Human Biomechanics and Injury Prevention　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Springer-Verlag, 2000年

Human Biomechanics and Injury Prevention　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Springer-Verlag, 2000年

Data Book on Mechanical Properties of Living Cells, Tissues, and Organs　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Springer-Verlag, 1996年

Data Book on Mechanical Properties of Living Cells, Tissues, and Organs　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Springer-Verlag, 1996年

マトリックスデバイスによる細胞の力学伝達経路の解明　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2006年 - 2007年

最適な腰椎牽引療法を目指した有限要素法解析　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2007年

生体内微小循環動態評価に関する研究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2006年 - 2006年

Bio-MEMSによる細胞操作に関する研究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2006年

コラーゲン・トリペプチド（CTP）の軟骨細胞および血管内皮細胞に対する機能性評価　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2004年

最適なステント設計のための有限要素法解析　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2003年 - 2003年

ラミン欠損核の力学特性に関する研究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2002年 - 2002年

Resiliometerを用いた皮膚力学特性の計測に関する有限要素法解析　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2002年 - 2002年

ヒト繊維芽細胞の力学特性に関する研究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2000年 - 2000年

軟骨細胞の力学応答機構に関する研究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1998年

細胞一次繊毛の形成制御とトンネルナノチューブへの細胞工学応用
科学研究費助成事業
2023年04月01日 - 2026年03月31日
大橋 俊朗, 豊原 涼太
日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(B), 北海道大学, 23H03707

マイクロ力学操作技術を用いた内皮細胞メカノトランスダクション機構の解明
科学研究費助成事業 国際共同研究加速基金(国際共同研究強化(B))
2019年10月07日 - 2023年03月31日
大橋 俊朗, 東藤 正浩, 山田 悟史
細胞は周囲の力学環境に適応して自らの形態および機能を変化させることが知られている．これは細胞が力学刺激を感知・伝達し生化学的信号に変換しているためでありこの機構はメカノトランスダクションと呼ばれている．例えば，血管内皮細胞は血流に応答して血流方向に伸長・配向することから盛んに研究が行われてきたがメカノトランスダクション機構の全容は明らかではない．本申請課題の目的は，磁気ナノビーズ技術を高度に駆使して流れ刺激に対する内皮細胞の力学伝達経路の推定するものである．近年では，内皮細胞表面に突出する直径0.2ミクロン，長さ数ミクロン～十数ミクロン程度の線状のPrimary ciliumが力学刺激の感知に深く寄与していることが指摘されている．
以上の背景の下，磁気ナノビーズ技術およびマイクロフルイディクス技術により内皮細胞に力学刺激を負荷する部位を空間的に制御し，内皮細胞の流れ負荷応答のメカニズムを新しい視点で探求するものである．研究代表者の大橋がこれまでに従事してきた流れ負荷内皮細胞実験技術，マイクロフルイディクス技術および海外共同研究者のProf. Ibarraより新たに導入する磁気ナノビーズ技術を高度に融合させ，海外共同研究者のProf. Longとともに流れ負荷刺激を模擬して磁気ナノビーズにより力学刺激部位を空間的に制御することにより，流れ負荷によるメカノトランスダクション機構を検討するものである．今年度は磁気ナノビーズを人工細胞内に導入し生細胞と共培養する実験系の確立に着手してきた．外部磁場を負荷することで人工細胞を駆動させることができるため細胞間力を任意に調整することが可能であり，細胞間の力学情報伝達経路を探求するものである．また，Primary ciliumの変形から力学特性を計測できる可能性が示唆されたため，Primary ciliumの力学特性計測という新しい研究展開も図った．
日本学術振興会, 国際共同研究加速基金(国際共同研究強化(B)), 北海道大学, 19KK0276

内皮細胞Primary ciliumの力学特性計測とメカノセンシング機構の解明
科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B)
2018年04月01日 - 2021年03月31日
大橋 俊朗
本申請課題では、細胞表面に存在する直径200nm程度、長さ数μm程度の微小な一次繊毛（Primary cilium）の力学特性を詳細に計測し、内皮細胞のメカノセンサとしての同定を試みることを目的とした。力学特性計測のためにマイクロ引張試験機を自作しPrimary ciliumのヤング率を詳細に計測することに成功した。また、単離一次繊毛に対して引張刺激によるカルシウム応答を観察した結果、一次繊毛内にカルシウム上昇が観察され、一次繊毛表面に存在するカルシウムチャネルがカルシウムを取り込んでいることが確認された。
日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(B), 北海道大学, 18H03508

非接触レーザー加振システムによる機械／生体システムの動特性評価および異常診断
科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B)
2016年04月01日 - 2019年03月31日
梶原 逸朗, 大橋 俊朗
本研究では，機械構造物におけるさまざまな損傷を検知する手法および技術を構築した．達成された成果として，パイプ構造物に開けられた穴を損傷とし，レーザー誘起プラズマによる音響加振および音響計測に基づく損傷検知システムを開発した．本システムでは，アクリルパイプを対象構造物とし，レーザー誘起プラズマによる音響加振，マイクロホンによる音響計測によって音圧の時刻歴応答を収集した．パイプ内部の音圧の時間変動に対して，連続ウェーブレット変換を適用し，損傷穴による反射波を抽出することで損傷位置の同定を行った．実験により，損傷の位置が高精度で同定できることを確認し，本手法の有効性を検証した．
日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(B), 北海道大学, 16H04286

マイクロピラーを実装した革新的細胞遊走性評価デバイスの開発
科学研究費補助金(挑戦的萌芽研究)
2013年 - 2015年
大橋 俊朗
細胞遊走は損傷治癒部位への血管新生や癌の転移など様々な疾患の発達やその治癒に関わる非常に重要なプロセスでもあることからその運動メカニズムを力学的に解明することは極めて重要である．本研究課題では，細胞遊走時における細胞の力学的挙動の解析が可能な革新的マイクロチャネルデバイスを開発することを目的とする．研究期間内に，マイクロピラーを実装したマイクロチャネルデバイスを開発し，マイクロピラーの剛性を変化させたり，マイクロピラーの剛性に異方性を持たせることで細胞の遊走速度を変化させることができた．このように局所力学環境を正確に制御し，より詳細に細胞遊走と力学環境の関係を検討することができた．
文部科学省, 挑戦的萌芽研究, 北海道大学, 研究代表者, 競争的資金, 25560187

多機能ゲルが誘導する軟骨自然再生における間葉系細胞内情報伝達機構の解明
科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A)
2011年04月01日 - 2014年03月31日
安田 和則, 近江谷 克裕, 大橋 俊朗, 黒川 孝幸, 北村 信人, 田中 伸哉, 仙葉 愼吾
本研究は以下の発見・解明を行った。①間葉系細胞の軟骨に分化・再生過程においては、解糖系とミトコンドリア呼吸の振動に依存するATP振動がカルシウムイオン振動に誘導されて発生し、分泌の調節を介して軟骨凝集・組織再生を制御する。②DN ゲルが誘導する軟骨分化時にはActin構造の改変による細胞弾性率の上昇が、Insulinと比べて有意に早期に起こる。③DN ゲル誘導軟骨分化時の細胞内情報伝達機構に関して、BMP/TGF-βシグナル経路が特異的に活性化されており、またInsulin非依存的にIGF依存性シグナル伝達経路が活性化されている。④このゲルは液性因子のリザーバー機能を有する。
日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(A), 北海道大学, 23240070

ハイスループット細胞培養実験のためのマイクロウェル基盤MEMSデバイスの開発
科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(B), 基盤研究(B))
2012年 - 2014年
大橋 俊朗
本研究課題では，細胞物理環境計測・制御がマイクロメートルスケールの空間で実現できるMEMSデバイスを開発した．具体的には，細胞力学応答実験，細胞薬剤感度試験，細胞遊走性実験が可能なMEMSデバイスである．細胞流れ負荷実験デバイスにおいては，異なる流れせん断応力を血管内皮細胞に負荷することにより細胞流れ負荷実験が可能であること，細胞薬剤感度実験デバイスにおいては異なる濃度のサポニンを内皮細胞に投与することにより薬剤濃度に対する感度実験が可能であること，細胞遊走実験デバイスにおいては繊維芽細胞の遊走時の牽引力ダイナミクスを計測することにより細胞遊走のメカニズムを力学的に検討できることを確認した．
文部科学省, 基盤研究(B), 基盤研究(B), 北海道大学, 研究代表者, 競争的資金, 24300157

細胞接着制御機能を実装した革新的バイオチップの開発
科学研究費補助金(挑戦的萌芽研究, 挑戦的萌芽研究)
2010年 - 2012年
大橋 俊朗, 前田 英次郎
近年,がん細胞などの細胞診断技術において,高効率・高機能バイオチップの開発が盛んに行われている.ここで求められる基盤技術の中で細胞を任意の場所に配置できること(ポジショニング),新しい細胞に入れ替えること(リプレイスメント)が簡便にできることは重要な技術である.そこで,本研究課題では細胞のポジショニングおよびリプレイスメントが簡便に行える革新的な細胞培養チップを開発することを目的とする.細胞を接着させるための磁気マイクロビーズを空間的にマイクロスケールで予め配置して細胞のポジショニングを行うというものである.基質側には磁気マイクロビーズが収まる直径2um程度の円形の孔(凹型部)が形成されている.磁気マイクロピーズは基質側に配置した永久磁石により一時的に補足されているのみで離脱可能なため細胞のリプレイスメントも容易に実現できる.昨年度は磁気マイクロビーズの凹型部における補足率は30%程度と低い結果であった.そこで本年度は,凹型部の直径をやや広げ,微小流路による磁気マイクロビーズの導入において流速,流れの方向を試行錯誤的に変更し,その結果,最適な条件を見出すことができた.現在,導入効率は80%まで上昇している.また,細胞接着性実験に着手し,細胞外マトリクスでコーティングした磁気マイクロビーズの上に選択的に細胞が接着している様子が観察された.さらに,永久磁石を取り外すことで磁気マイ...
文部科学省, 挑戦的萌芽研究, 挑戦的萌芽研究, 北海道大学, 研究代表者, 競争的資金, 22650097

細胞の力覚機構の解明
科学研究費助成事業 特別推進研究
2008年 - 2012年
佐藤 正明, 大橋 俊朗, 神崎 展, 出口 真次, 坂元 尚哉, 安達 泰治, 小椋 利彦, 大橋 一正, 安達 泰治
我々の身体には多くの力を感じる細胞があり、組織や器官が力に応じて機能を発揮するよう制御されているが、その機構は不明であった。本研究では、血管壁、骨、骨格筋の細胞を主たる対象にした。その結果、細胞が接着している部位や細胞の形を決める役目をしている細胞骨格などがセンサの働きをして、シグナルの機能を果たしているタンパク質も分かった。また、生体の発生過程の器官形成において力が重要な役割を果たしていることが明らかとなってきた。
日本学術振興会, 特別推進研究, 東北大学, 20001007

高機能単一細胞診断を目指したマイクロウェル実装バイオアッセイシステムの開発
科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(B))
2008年 - 2010年
大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 坂元 尚哉, 前田 英次郎, 佐藤 正明, 坂元 尚哉
従来,がん細胞の細胞診断において薬剤感度試験を行う場合,細胞の表面抗原を蛍光標識抗体によりイメージングするなど多くの細胞診断法が開発され臨床に応用されてきた.しかしながら装置が高価であることや成功率が低いこと,操作が煩雑であること等の理由から,低価格・高精度かつ簡便に評価が可能な新しい細胞診断デバイスの開発が求められている.本研究課題では,単一細胞に対して高精度・高効率な細胞診断が可能な新しいバイオアッセイシステムを開発した.
文部科学省, 基盤研究(B), 東北大学->北海道大学->東北大学->北海道大学, 研究代表者, 競争的資金, 20300149

磁気駆動マイクロピラーによる細胞外局所力学環境のアクティブ操作
科学研究費補助金(特定領域研究)
2008年 - 2008年
大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 坂元 尚哉
生体内において細胞は力学環境に曝されている. 例えば, 血管内皮細胞や平滑筋細胞には血流によるせん断応力や血管拡張に伴う伸展刺激が作用している. 細胞はこのような周囲の力学環境に適応して自らの形態および物質産生等の機能を変化させることが知られている. これは細胞が力学刺激を感知・伝達し生化学的信号に変換しているためであり力学情報伝達(mechanotransduction)と呼ばれている. 申請者らはこれまでに, 力学情報伝達の経路の一つに細胞骨格が深く関与していると考え力学刺激に対する内皮細胞や平滑筋細胞の骨格構造変化を観察してきた. このような中, 申請者らはマイクロピラーを有する基質の上に平滑筋細胞を培養し, マイクロピラーの撓み細胞牽引力を計測することで細胞内の力学情報伝達経路を探る研究に本格的に着手した. 例えば, ガラスのマイクロニードルで細胞辺縁部の特定のマイクロピラーを撓ませると, ストレスファイバーによって接続されていた他端のマイクロピラーが撓むことから細胞骨格を介した力学伝達が実現されていることを確認した. 研究を遂行していく中で, この技術を応用し任意のマイクロピラーを能動的に動かすことができれば特定の焦点接着斑にのみ選択的に力学刺激を負荷できるのではないかと考えた. そこで本研究課題では, 従来の研究をさらに発展させ, 磁性ビーズを埋入したマイクロピラ...
文部科学省, 特定領域研究, 東北大学, 研究代表者, 競争的資金, 20034007

細胞内シグナル伝達の動的制御による細胞マイクロマシンの創出
科学研究費助成事業 萌芽研究
2007年 - 2008年
佐藤 正明, 大橋 俊朗, 坂元 尚哉
本研究の目的は,分子スイッチをコートした磁気ビーズを細胞内に導入し,これを外部から磁場を印可することによって任意に操作し,細胞の仮足形成を任意に操作し,細胞運動を制御するところにあった。研究第一段階として,細胞内での磁気ビーズ操作に必要な磁気ピンセット装置の開発を行った。より自由度の高い操作を実現する為,電磁石駆動型の装置を開発し,電源のON/OFFによって磁場のコントロールが可能な系とした。また,持続的な操作を可能とするため,電磁コイルの冷却装置を実装した。第二段階として,細胞内に食作用によって導入した磁気ビーズを,実際に細胞内で空間的に操作することを試みた。細胞内に導入された複数個の磁気ビーズを任意の位置(細胞辺縁部)へと集積させることに成功した。また,共焦点レーザー顕微鏡を用いたリアルタイム三次元観察によって,ビーズ操作が細胞膜内で行われていることも確認された。次に,分子スイッチをコートしか磁気ビーズを作製し,細胞内への導入を試みた。当初は細胞のエンドサイトーシス作用などを用いる予定であったが,この手法では磁気ビーズが細胞内でエンドソームなどのリン脂質に包まれた状態となってしまう為,分子スイッチが機能しなかった。そこで,物理的外力によって細胞内に微粒子を撃ち込むパーティクルガン装置によって磁気ビーズの導入を試みた。磁気ビーズを本手法によって導入すること自体には成功したものの,本来,当該装置は植物細胞に金やタングステンなどの比重の大きい微粒子を撃ち込む装置であり,本研究では動物細胞および比重の軽い磁気ビーズを用いることから,実験条件が大きく異なるため,これまでのところ細胞に与えるダメージを十分低減させて導入するまでには至っておらず,導入条件を検討中である。
日本学術振興会, 萌芽研究, 東北大学, 19650111

マイクロポストを用いた細胞の形態制御と力学伝達経路の解明
科学研究費補助金(萌芽研究)
2006年 - 2008年
大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 坂元 尚哉
細胞の力学情報伝達は細胞の生理・病理に深く関わることからそのメカニズムを知ることは重要であるが, 力学刺激が実際に細胞内でどのように伝達されているか, またそれによって機能がどのように修飾を受けるのかに関しては未知の部分が多い. 本研究では, 微細加工技術により細胞底面に発生する力を計測できる実験系を構築し, 基質形状により細胞の形態を制御すること, さらに力学刺激が細胞骨格を伝達する経路を求めることを目的とする. 微細加工技術を用いて細胞を培養するマトリックス上にPDMSによるマイクロピラーアレイ(高さ10μm, 直径3μm, ピラー間ピッチ8μm)を形成し, マイクロピラーのたわみから細胞底面で発生する牽引力を計測するものである. 本年度においては, 前年度に引き続き細胞形態制御実験, マイクロピペットによる力学環境操作実験, 細胞骨格の破壊実験を行い, データの蓄積を試みた. 細胞形態制御実験では, ピラー間ピッチを6, 8, 10μmと変化させ, 細胞はピラー間ピッチに依存して牽引力を変化させることを示した. マイクロピペットによる力学環境操作実験ではより精度良くマイクロピラーによる局所力学刺激負荷を行うため磁気駆動式マイクロピラーの製作にとりかかっているところである. 細胞骨格の破壊実験では, アクチンフィラメント, 微小管, 中間径フィラメントそれぞれの破壊により...
文部科学省, 萌芽研究, 東北大学, 研究代表者, 競争的資金, 18650119

マトリックスデバイスによる細胞骨格の力学バランス計測と細胞機能制御
科学研究費補助金(特定領域研究)
2006年 - 2007年
大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明, 坂元 尚哉
細胞の力学情報伝達は細胞・組織の生理・病理に深く関わることからそのメカニズムを知ることは非常に重要であるが,力学刺激が実際に細胞内でどのように伝達されているか,またそれによって機能がどのように修飾を受けるのかに関しては未知の部分が多い.本研究では,マイクロマシニング技術により細胞底面に発生する力を直接計測できる実験系を構築し,力学刺激が細胞骨格を伝達する経路およびその大きさを定量的に求めること,さらにこの実験系により機能制御の実現可能性を探ることを目的とする.微細加工技術を用いて細胞を培養するマトリックス(細胞外基質)上にPDMSによるマイクロピラーアレイ(高さ10μm,直径3μm,マイクロピラー間ピッチ8μm)を形成し,マイクロピラーのたわみから細胞底面で発生する牽引力を計測するものである.本年度において,先端径が2〜3μm程度のガラスのマイクロピペットをマイクロマニピュレータで操作し,特定のマイクロピラーを強制的にたわませる実験を行った.その結果,たわませたマイクロピラーに接続しているストレスファイバの他端のマイクロピラーが連動してたわむ様子が観察された.すなわち,ストレスファイバを通して一つの焦点接着斑からもう一つの焦点接着斑に力学刺激が伝達されていることが明らかとなった.また,ノコダゾール処理により微小管を破壊したところ牽引力は有意に増大した.一方,微小管破壊によりス...
文部科学省, 特定領域研究, 東北大学, 研究代表者, 競争的資金, 18048005

力学的刺激に対する血管内皮細胞の応答機構に果たす細胞骨格の役割
科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A)
2005年 - 2007年
佐藤 正明, 大橋 俊朗, 出口 真次, 坂元 尚哉
1. 単離ストレスファイバの力学特性
単離したストレスファイバの力学試験装置を開発し力学特性を調べた.本装置は,顕微鏡ステージ上で2つの対向するマイクロニードルによりストレスファイバの両端を把持して引張り試験を行うものである.ストレスファイバは非線形な変形特性を有し非常に高い伸展性を示すことが明らかになった.細胞内におけるひずみ状態(平均値で平滑筋細胞0.21,内皮細胞0.24)を考慮すると細胞内においてストレスファイバに負荷されている初期張力は平滑筋細胞で平均値で10.0nN,内皮細胞で4.1nNであることが示された.
2. マイクロポスト基質を用いた細胞の牽引力とストレスファイバ収縮力の計測
微細加工技術を用いてマイクロポストの列を作製した。マイクロポストの高さは10μm、直径3μm、中心間距離8μmとした。この上で細胞を培養し細胞の収縮に伴う牽引力をマイクロポストのたわみから求めた。その結果、ストレスファイバによる細胞の牽引力は、約12nNであることが明らかとなった
3. マイクロポストを有する基質を用いた伸展刺激負荷
細胞内に局所的なひずみを負荷するために,微細加工技術を用いてマイクロポストを有するPDMS膜を作製した.この基質上では焦点接着斑の間のみに選択的に伸展を負荷することができる.このマイクロポスト膜上に内皮細胞を播種し,繰り返し伸展刺激を6時間まで負荷した.平面膜基質上の内皮細胞に比べ,マイクロポスト膜上の内皮細胞ではストレスファイバの再構築速度が遅くなった.また細胞はマイクロポスト間をつなぐように伸展方向に対して直交する方向にストレスファイバを発達させた.これらの結果から細胞は細胞内局所ひずみを感知することが明らかになった.
日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(A), 東北大学, 17200030

細胞内マルチイメージングを用いた力学応答シグナル伝達機構の解明
科学研究費補助金(若手研究(A))
2005年 - 2007年
大橋 俊朗
細胞の力学情報伝達機構を知ることは細胞の生理・病理を知る上で非常に重要である.力学刺激が実際に細胞内でどのように伝達されているかに関してはその計測の困難さからほとんど解明されていない.本研究では細胞内で力学刺激が伝達していく過程を明らかにするため,ピペット吸引法とFRAP技術を組み合わせて力学刺激に対する細胞骨格構造の変化を蛍光画像として追跡し画像解析により細胞内の力学環境を定量的に把握することを目的とする.またセカンドメッセンジャーの一つであるカルシウムイオン濃度の変化を同時にイメージングすることにより骨格構造変化との相関関係を調べる.本年度においては,FRAP技術を用いてピペット吸引時の軟骨細胞におけるアクチン分子の拡散の様子を詳細に調べた.その結果,ピペット先端において吸引直後はアクチンコーティカルレイヤーが分解され,その後,アクチンの再重合が促進されていることがわかった.また,このプロセスはカルシウム依存でありカルシウムが存在しない場合には,アクチンの脱重合が引き起こされにくいことが示唆された.さらに,ピペット吸引時において力学刺激が細胞内をどのように伝達していくのかを観察するために,ミトコンドリアの染色画像より画像相関法を用いて細胞内ひずみ分布を得た.その結果,吸引直後は細胞周囲のアクチンコーティカルレイヤーを介して細胞全体に力学刺激が伝達される様子が明らかとなった...
文部科学省, 若手研究(A), 東北大学, 研究代表者, 競争的資金, 17680036

マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクスの開拓
科学研究費助成事業 特定領域研究
2003年 - 2007年
和田 仁, 安達 泰治, 松本 健郎, 牛田 多加志, 田中 正夫, 大橋 俊朗, 濱西 伸治
本研究では平成15年度から18年度まで実施した特定領域研究「マイクロ・ナノバイオメカニクスの開拓」の成果を学術図書として取りまとめた.本特定領域研究の目的を以下に記す.生命現象の本質的な多様性は,遺伝子のみではなく,細胞をめぐるマイクロあるいはナノスケールの構造と遺伝情報との相互作用によって担われており,その中でも,力学的相互作用の意義は極めて大きい.従って,力学的環境と生命機能の関係を解明することができれば,細胞及び組織の構造と機能をコントロールする手段を見いだせる可能性が高い.また,これを用いることによって,必要な構造と機能をもつ細胞と組織を創成することが可能となる.そこで,力学を基礎とし,マイクロ領域である細胞レベル及びナノ領域である生体高分子や細胞内小器官レベルの力学現象を解明し,これに基づいて人工材料の新たな設計指針の開発と創製を行うと共に,生命体の機能と構造を創成ないし再構成する技術を開発してきた.日本の生体工学・バイオメカニクス研究を牽引する研究者を各計画研究の代表者として集め,バイオメカニクス的視点を強く打ち出し,細胞や生体組織の再構築との関連性ならびに基礎科学から臨床応用までの広い視点をもった研究を展開し,世界一級の成果を上げて来たので,これら成果を取りまとめた.具体的には以下を行った.
1. 第10回全体会議(平成19年10月,東京)ならびに第11回全体会議,(平成20年1月,東京)を開催し,研究グループの研究成果に関する情報交換を行った.
2. 本領域の4つの班毎に,研究成果を取りまとめた.
3. 4班の成果を統合し,全体にわたった構成を4班の代表者4名により取りまとめた.
4. 出版社との打ち合わせを行い,全体の原稿を完成した.
5. 印刷原稿の校正を各研究代表者が行った.
6. 印刷製本を業者に委託し,学術図書を完成させ,研究成果を広く公開した.
日本学術振興会, 特定領域研究, 東北大学, 15086101

細胞内ストレスファイバの力学特性計測と変形機構の解明
科学研究費助成事業 萌芽研究
2005年 - 2006年
佐藤 正明, 大橋 俊朗, 出口 真次, 坂元 尚哉
細胞の形態変化と機能を理解する上で,主要な構成要素であるストレスファイバの力学環境に対する応答性,すなわち力学特性を把握しておくことは大変重要である.最終年度である本年度は,前年度に開発・確立した装置およびストレスファイバ単離手法を用いて以下の2つの研究を行った.
1.ストレスファイバの粘弾性特性の計測
前年度確立した単離方法に従って平滑筋細胞から単離したストレスファイバの引張試験を行い,ひずみ速度が引張特性に与える影響を調べた.ひずみ速度を0.01s^<-1>,0.05s^<-1>,0.1s^<-1>と設定しストレスファイバの引張特性計測を行ったところ,0.01s^<-1>と0.05s^<-1>における張力ーひずみ関係はほぼ線形で両者に顕著な差は見られなかった.一方,生理的なひずみ速度と考えられる0.1s^<-1>では上に凸の非線形な関係が得られた.またストレスファイバの変形初期の強度を示す初期スティフネスに関しても0.1s^<-1>では0.01s^<-1>および0.05s^<-1>に比べ大きくなる傾向が得られた.これらの結果から,ストレフファイバの引張特性にはひずみ速度依存性の閾値が存在する可能性が考えられた.
2.ストレスファイバの局所ひずみ計測
量子ドットを用いてストレスファイバを斑点状に可視化し,これをマーカーとして伸展時におけるストレフファイバ内の局所挙動を観察した.その結果,ストレフファイバは一様に伸展しているのではなくその挙動は局所で異なり,部位によって収縮を示す場合があることが明らかになった.
日本学術振興会, 萌芽研究, 東北大学, 17650125

ナノ領域イメージングを用いた血管内皮細胞の焦点接着斑の力学応答ダイナミクス
科学研究費助成事業 特定領域研究
2003年 - 2006年
佐藤 正明, 大橋 俊朗, 出口 真次, 坂元 尚哉
本研究では,力学刺激を受けた細胞が形態変化を起こす過程を明らかにするため,焦点接着斑会合タンパク質FAKの一部であるFAT domainと焦点接着斑に連結しているアクチンフィラメントに注目し,力学刺激時の両者の動きを観察,解析しその役割を明らかにすることが目的である.特に,本研究で導入する新しいテクニックは,流れ刺激を負荷しながらFAT domainおよびアクチンフィラメントの動的挙動を直接観察する方法や表面形状を工夫した伸展膜を用いた伸展刺激負荷方法を開発することにある.まず, RFP-FAT domainおよびGFP-アクチンのベクターを用いて流れ刺激に対する細胞の形態変化を経時的に観察する実験系を確立した.ウシ大動脈由来内皮細胞を用いて実験を行った結果, FAT domainの消失,出現と密接に関連しながらアクチンフィラメントは再配列する様子が観察された.次に,微細加工を用いてマイクロピラーを有するPDMS膜を作製し,焦点接着斑の間のみに局所的に伸展刺激を負荷する方法を開発した.本法により,内皮細胞はマイクロピラー上面の周辺部に焦点接着斑を形成し,伸展方向に対して直交する方向にアクチンフィラメントの太い束であるストレスファイバを発達させることが明らかとなった.さらに,細胞内の力学情報伝達を考える上で重要なストレスファイバの力学特性を計測するためにマイクロ引張試験装置を開発した.内皮細胞から化学的処理により単離したストレスファイバに対して初めて引張試験を行い荷重-変位関係を得た.ストレスファイバの荷重-変位関係は非線形であり大きな伸展性を有することが明らかとなった.本研究により,細胞の力学応答機構における焦点接着斑と細胞骨格の果たす役割について重要な知見を得ることができた.
日本学術振興会, 特定領域研究, 東北大学, 15086203

ナノマシン加工技術による内皮細胞焦点接触力の計測デバイスの開発
科学研究費助成事業 萌芽研究
2003年 - 2004年
佐藤 正明, 坂元 尚哉, 大橋 俊朗
細胞は細胞外基質と焦点接着斑と呼ばれるタンパク質の塊状部位によって接触を実現し形態を維持していると考えられている。従って力学的刺激あるいは化学的刺激に対する細胞の応答を知る上で焦点接触力を計測することは重要である。本研究では,シリコンの微細加工技術を用いて微小なセンサを開発し細胞の焦点接触力を測定することを目的とする。最終年度である今年度は,初年度に目指していたピエゾ抵抗型センサ方式を変更し,マイクロポストのたわみから接触力(牽引力)を推定する方式を検討した。まず,アレイ状マイクロポストのデザインを起こしレチクルを製作した。次にシリコンウェハにレチクルのデザインを露光転写した。ウェハをエッチングしレジストを剥離して型を製作した。続いて型にシリコーンポリマーを流し込みカバーガラスを載せた後,加温硬化させた。硬化後,型からカバーガラスごとシリコーンポリマーをはがし細胞外基質を完成させた。マイクロポストのサイズはおよそ直径3μm,高さ10μm,中心間距離8μmである。試料として,当初の予定であった内皮細胞よりも骨格構造により特徴のある平滑筋細胞を用いた。製作した基質上に平滑筋細胞を培養しマイクロポストのたわみを画像処理によって求めた。焦点接着斑の位置を確認し,かつアクチンフィラメントとの関係を把握するために,RFP-FATとGFP-アクチンのベクターを細胞に導入した。その結果,推定された平滑筋細胞の牽引力は11.8nNであり,最大値は81.3nNであった。また,それストレスファイバの分布から推測される力の合成ベクトルと牽引力のベクトルの方向は明らかに一致していた。このことからストレスファイバの発達は細胞の牽引力に支配的であることが考えられた。以上のように,本研究ではマイクロポストを有する細胞外基質デバイスを製作し,細胞底面に発生するミクロな力学環境を解明することに成功した。
日本学術振興会, 萌芽研究, 東北大学, 15650085

血流動態を考慮した細胞共存型血管モデルによる動脈硬化症発生メカニズムの解明
科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(B))
2003年 - 2004年
大橋 俊朗, 坂元 尚哉, 坂元 尚哉, 佐藤 正明
内皮細胞と平滑筋細胞を共存培養した血管モデルを用いて,内皮細胞表面に流れを負荷した場合の内皮細胞の機能変化,平滑筋細胞の遊走性を調べることにより動脈硬化症発生メカニズム解明を目的とした研究を行い,以下の成果を得た.1.平滑筋細胞のみのモデルに比べ,共存培養血管モデルの平滑筋細胞遊走性は約1.8倍増加した.しかしせん断応力負荷により共存培養モデルの平滑筋細胞遊走性は有意に抑制された.また内皮細胞のNO合成を阻害した場合にはせん断応力によって平滑筋細胞遊走性は抑制されなかった.このことから静置培養環境下では内皮細胞によって平滑筋細胞の遊走性は促進され,せん断環境下では産生が増加した内細胞由来NOが平滑筋細胞の遊走性を抑制していることが明らかになった.2.静置培養環境下において,内皮細胞のみで構築した単体培養モデルと共存培養モデルの物質透過性には差が見られなかった.せん断応力を負荷することにより共存培養モデルの物質透過性は有意に減少した.内皮細胞単体培養モデルの物質透過性に対するせん断応力の影響は観察されなかった.平滑筋細胞は内皮細胞の物質透過性に重要な役割を持つことが考えられた.3.静置培養環境下において,血管モデルの内皮細胞に接着した白血球数は内皮細胞単体モデルに比べ約1.8倍であった.せん断応力を負荷することで血管モデルに接着した白血球数は減少し,内皮細胞単体モデルと差が見ら...
文部科学省, 基盤研究(B), 東北大学, 研究代表者, 競争的資金, 15300153

血管内皮細胞の力学的応答機構に果たすインテグリンの役割
科学研究費助成事業
2002年 - 2004年
佐藤 正明, 羽根 一博, 松本 健郎, 大橋 俊朗, 坂元 尚哉, 出口 真次
本研究では,力学的刺激を受けた血管内皮細胞が形態変化を起こす過程を明らかにするため,アクチンフィラメントと細胞膜上で連結しているタンパク質であるインテグリンに注目し,新しいテクニックを導入することによって力学的刺激時のアクチンフィラメントやインテグリンの動きを観察,解析し,その役割を明らかにすることを目的とした.力学的刺激としては,流れによるせん断応力,基底膜の伸縮に伴う張力,静水圧を負荷し,下記の結論を得た.
1.張力負荷刺激による細胞骨格の応答解析
シリコーンゴム内に不均質なひずみ場が形成される薄膜を新たに作製して内皮細胞を播種し,細胞の応答を解析した.その結果,アクチンフィラメントの発達や核の位置が細胞内のひずみに依存している事が確認され,細胞自体がひずみを検知して細胞内で力学的バランスをとるように形態変化を起こしている可能性が示唆された.
2.流れ負荷刺激時の細胞骨格およびインテグリンの応答解析
内皮細胞に遺伝子ベクターを導入してせん断応力を与え,アクチンフィラメントとインテグリンの挙動について詳細な解析を行った.その結果,アクチンフィラメントに作用する力に反応してアクチンのダイナミックな変化が起こっていることが示唆された.続いて,葉状仮足の形成がみられ,アクチンフィラメントの形成にとって重要な働きをするインテグリンの移動と配置がマイクロチューブルを通して行われている可能性があることが明らかとなった.
3.静水圧負荷による細胞骨格およびカドヘリンの応答解析
内皮細胞は静水圧に対して敏感に応答し,細胞の重層化,アクチンフィラメントの特異な発達などが観察されている.そこで,細胞同士の接着に関与するタンパク質であるカドヘリンの形成に焦点を当てて検討した結果,カドヘリンの発現に静水圧が関与していることが明らかとなった.
日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(A), 東北大学, 14208100

機能性材料のモデルとしての血管平滑筋細胞の力学特性計測に関する研究
科学研究費助成事業
2001年 - 2003年
松本 健郎, 長山 和亮, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明
血管平滑筋細胞は収縮・弛緩により血管径を変化させるほか,コラーゲンなど細胞外基質を産生して壁を能動的に作り変えている.その収縮特性や物質産生は加えられる力学刺激に応じて変化し,例えば能動収縮を繰返すと収縮速度が上昇し,収縮状態で放置すると消費エネルギが減少するなど,アクチュエータとしても興味深い特徴を有する.そこで本研究では胸大動脈平滑筋細胞の力学特性,収縮特性を単一細胞レベルで詳細に調べ,力学的刺激との関連を明らかにすることを目的として,3年間に亙る研究を進めてきた.初年度には,正常血圧に比べてと高血圧のラット胸大動脈から得られた平滑筋細胞の弾性率が半分程度であること,次年度は正常家兎の血管平滑筋細胞は弛緩状態に比べて収縮状態ではその初期弾性率は10倍近く上昇していることなどを見出した.最終年度には細胞の力学特性に大きな影響を与えると予想されるアクチンフィラメントを染色し,その量と力学特性の関係を調べた.まず,正常血圧ラット胸大動脈より単離した直後の平滑筋細胞(FSMC)およびこれを継代培養した4〜9代目の細胞(CSMC)を対象とし,それぞれを細胞用引張試験機で引張試験して力学特性を求めた.また,ローダミン・ファロイジンでアクチンフィラメントの構成成分であるFアクチンを蛍光染色し,両者のフィラメント量の違いを調べた.初期弾性率は,FSMCで11kPa程度(n=8)であったのに対し,CSMCでは2.6kPa程度(n=10)であった.FSMCではFアクチンが細胞全体に強く染色され,個々のフィラメントは識別不可能であったのに対し,培養細胞ではストレスファイバーが明瞭に識別され,明らかにアクチンフィラメント量は低下していた.このようなアクチンフィラメント量の違いが力学特性に差をもたらしたものと考えられる.今後は,細胞骨格が単離平滑筋細胞の力学特性に与える影響を定量的に計測する必要がある.
日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(B), 13450040

構造最適化手法を用いた流れ負荷培養内皮細胞における骨格構造の再構築メカニズム
科学研究費補助金(奨励研究(A), 若手研究(B))
2001年 - 2002年
大橋 俊朗
本研究では流れ負荷培養内皮細胞のアクチンフィラメントが再構築される過程をリアルタイムで観察し,同時に有限要素法解析を行い細胞の力学応答のメカニズムを解明することを目的とする.平成14年度では以下の成果を得た.昨年度用いたGFP-アクチン融合ベクタに加えて,本年度はRFP-FAT融合ベクタを遺伝子導入した.FATとはFocal Adhesion Targetingの略称であり,これにより細胞底面の焦点接着斑の挙動を観察できるため,アクチンフィラメント挙動と併せて内皮細胞の力学応答をより詳細に観察できる.これらの遺伝子を培養ウシ内皮細胞に遺伝子導入し,流れによるせん断応力を5時間にわたって負荷し,共焦点レーザ顕微鏡によりアクチンフィラメントおよび焦点接着斑の挙動を経時的に観察した。その結果,接着斑は流れの方向へ配向し,アクチンフィラメントの収縮に伴い移動する様子が観察された.また,焦点接着斑の間を連結するようにアクチンフィラメントが新たに形成されていく様子も観された.以上のことより,接着斑とアクチンフィラメントの相互関係が流れ負荷内皮細胞の形態変化に深く関与していることが示された.また,細胞骨格構造を模擬した有限要素モデルを構築した.成長の構成則に代表される構造最適化のアルゴリズムを導入して計算を行った結果,実験結果と同様に流れ負荷後,細胞の高さは減少傾向を示し。流れ負荷に伴い流...
文部科学省, 奨励研究(A), 若手研究(B), 東北大学, 研究代表者, 競争的資金, 13780667

回転観察法による細胞内3次元微細構造解析装置の開発
科学研究費助成事業
2000年 - 2002年
松本 健郎, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明
細胞内の微細構造を知るために,従来は共焦点レーザー顕微鏡で焦点をずらしつつ撮影された映像を積み重ねる方法が用いられてきたが,細胞の厚み方向の分解能が不十分で細胞内部の構造を詳細に知ることはまだ難しいのが現状である.そこで本研究では細胞を顕微鏡下に把持し,これを顕微鏡光軸と直交する軸まわりに回転させつつ様々な方向からの像を記録し,これらの像を基に計算機により細胞内の微細構造を再構成する手法の基礎検討を行うことを目的とし,3年間に亙る研究を行った.最初の2年間の研究において倒立蛍光顕微鏡下に細胞をガラスマイクロピペットで表面を吸引して把持し,回転させることのできる細胞把持・回転装置とその制御ソフトウェアを試作した.しかし,細胞の位置および焦点合せの高速化,画像の質の改善などが依然,課題として残されていた.そこで3年目にピペット先端の位置決めをソフトウェアだけでなく,ハードウェアを組合せて行う方式に変更した.即ち,焦点面内のピペットの位置制御をコンパレータ素子を用いて行う方式に変更し,また,焦点制御には従来の比例制御だけでなく,微分制御並びに積分制御も取り入れた.これらの工夫により,細胞にピントを合わせつつ1回転させるのに従来12分を要していたものが,1分で行うことが可能となった.光学系の改良としては顕微鏡を倒立型から正立型で水浸の対物レンズを使用する方式に変更し,画像を改良した.また,細胞を回転させ様々な方向から得られた蛍光像より細胞の内部構造を再構成するアルゴリズムを確立し,トリプシンで基盤から剥離した培養血管内皮細胞の胞体形状と細胞核形状を別々に得て3次元的な像を得ることに成功した.
日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(B), 12558101

魚の側線感覚細胞はせん断速度センサとなりうるか?
科学研究費助成事業
2000年 - 2001年
佐藤 正明, 大橋 俊朗, 松本 健郎
魚類や円口類(ヤツメウナギなど)の体の両側にある側線は音を感じるセンサであることはよく知られている.また,このセンサは魚などのまわりの水の動きに反応しているのではないかという考えが提案されているが,このような観点からの研究例はほとんどない.もし,水の動きを感じることができるとすれば,流れのせん断応力あるいはせん断速度を計測可能なセンサとして利用可能になる.そこで,本研究では魚などの側線に存在する感覚細胞を取り出して培養し,流れ負荷の状態で魚の感覚細胞の特性を明らかにし,その応用についても議論することを目的とする.
これまで報告されている感覚細胞を使った研究ではカジカが利用されているが,本研究ではカジカが入手困難のため金魚を使い,次の結果を得た.
1.金魚の側線感覚細胞の存在する部位から組織を切り出し,Ca^<2+>,Mg^<2+>を含まないハンクス液にコラゲナーゼとエラスターゼを含む溶液を作製して,組織を処理した.種々の濃度の組み合わせにより検討した結果,最適の濃度を見いだし,側線感覚細胞を単離することができた.単離後,細胞活性をトリパンブルーにより観察したところ,特に強い傷害も受けていないことを確認した.
2.感覚細胞を通常の細胞培養液中にて培養を試みたところ,2〜3日の培養は可能であるが,その後は急速に細胞活性を失っていくことを確認した.
3.感覚細胞をゲル中に包埋してせん断応力を負荷する装置にセットし,流れ負荷をかける実験を試みたが,細胞の活動度を電極を用いて定量的に評価する計測までには至らなかった.今後はこの点を中心に検討を進める予定である.
4. せん断応力負荷時の側線細胞の応答機構について有限要素法を用いて解析し,細胞内の変形と応力分布を得た.今後細胞内構造と応力分布の関係を検討する予定である.
日本学術振興会, 萌芽的研究, 東北大学, 12878164

血管内皮細胞の力学応答とアクチンフィラメントのダイナミックス
科学研究費助成事業
2000年 - 2001年
佐藤 正明, 大橋 俊朗, 松本 健郎
培養した内皮細胞にせん断応力を負荷することによって,生きたままの細胞内のアクチンフィラメントの動的挙動を詳細に観察することができた.細胞が静置培養時に多角形状をしている際に,細胞周囲に多く存在していた細かいアクチンフィラメントの束は,流れ負荷によて再配列をし,新たな構造を形成した.このような現象は特に細胞の上流側と下流側で顕著であった.また,アクチンフィラメントの重合を阻害するサイトカラシンDを投与するとアクチンフィラメントが収縮する現象を詳細に観察することができた.これにより,アクチンフィラメントがゴム状の強い粘弾性を有していることが推測された.アクチンフィラメントの動きにはその足場となるインテグリンが強く関与している可能性があり,インテグリンとアクチンの接着に関与している蛋白であるFAKの一部のFAT(focal adhesion targetting)にGFPを接合させてその力学応答も観察し,アクチンの配列に先実験的には培養内皮細胞を用いて流れ負荷実験を行い,かつその後の内皮細胞形状と力学特性を原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)を用いて計測した.AFMの計測で得られた形状をもとにして,フローチャンパ内の流れの状態および流れが内皮細胞に及ぼす力,さらには細胞内に発生する応力分布を有限要素法により計算した.内皮細胞の内部のモデルとしては,アクチンフィラメントの細胞骨格構造をビームで模擬したもの,あるいは均質材料としてモデル化したものを用い,流れと構造の連成解析を行って,3次元の変形状態や応力状態を求めた.細胞の大きな変形までも考慮した解析が必要であることが判明したので,構造要素を変形の度に再構築するアルゴリズムを導入して計算を実行し,細胞骨格の分布が内部応力に依存していると思われる結果を得た.
日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(B), 東北大学, 12480257

病変の複雑性を考慮した動脈硬化血管壁内応力・ひずみ分布の実計測
科学研究費助成事業
1999年 - 2000年
松本 健郎, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明
動脈硬化の発生・進展と力学的因子の関係を総合的に明らかにするためには,流れが内皮細胞に及ぼす影響だけでなく,血管壁内の応力・ひずみ分布を精密に知ることが必要不可欠である.そこで本研究では,家兎胸大動脈に実験的に動脈硬化を発症させ,その局所の力学場を詳細に知るために,組織標本から計測した局所の血管壁形状と加圧に伴う血管壁局所の変形を組合せて計測することを目標にして2年間の研究を進めてきた.まず始めに家兎胸大動脈局所の弾性係数をピペット吸引法で計測し,また組織像と局所弾性率の関係を定量的に調べた.その結果,動脈硬化組織は泡沫細胞が集まった病変の初期状態では正常血管組織より柔らかくなり,その後,病変部への平滑筋細胞の出現,石灰化組織の出現により硬化することが判った.次に加圧に伴う血管壁の変形を詳細に知るために,血管壁にマーカーとなる微小針をほぼ90°間隔に4本刺し,加圧に伴う針の位置や向きの変化を血管軸方向から観察して,加圧に伴う血管壁の変形を血管壁を4分割した領域についてそれぞれ調べた.そして,組織標本から計測した局所の血管壁形状と加圧に伴う血管壁局所の変形を組合せて,生理的状態におけるひずみ分布を推定した.またヒト冠動脈に関しても同様の計測を行った.その結果,家兎胸大動脈において動脈硬化血管は加圧に伴い円周方向に一様に膨らむのではなく,場所によりひずみに差のあることが明らかとなった.このひずみの不均一さは病変が進行するにつれて大きくなる傾向にあった.また,ヒト冠動脈ではプラークの厚い領域ほどひずみが小さい傾向にあることが明らかとなった.以上より,動脈硬化血管は不均質であり,動脈硬化血管壁内の力学場を正確に知るためには弾性率,ひずみともに局所的な計測が必須であることが示された.
日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(C), 東北大学, 11680834

マイクロマシニングによる超微細構造光学素子の開発
科学研究費助成事業
1998年 - 2000年
羽根 一博, 佐々木 実, 江刺 正喜, 南 和幸, 大橋 俊朗
電子線描画と高速原子線加工によるサブ波長格子の製作方法を提案し、製作と評価を行った。導電性のない光学ガラスの表面に150nm周期の表面格子を製作した。描画後のエッチングにおいては、導電性のない材料であっても微細なエッチングが可能な高速原子線エッチング技術をもちいた。従来のイオンエッチングにおいては、電荷の蓄積で、精密なエッチングが困難であったが、方向を揃えた高速の中性原子を用いて、高いアスペクト比の加工を実現した。これにより、光学ガラス部品の表面反射を大幅に抑えることができた。厳密解法の電磁界解祈プログラムを作成し、サブ波長格子を理論的に解所した。格子周期とアスペクト比が反射特性に大きく影響することを明らかにした。さらに陽極酸化ポーラスアルミナをマスクとして高速原子線加工を行い、周期100nmでアスペクト比6以上のサブ波長格子をシリコン基板に製作した。370nmから800nmの波長帯域において、優れた反射防止特性が得られた。また,ガリウム砒素発光ダイオード表面にサブ波長格子を製作した。ガリウム砒素のエッチング特性を利用し、テーパー形状でアスペクト比の高い格子を製作し,高放射率発光ダイオードを実現した。アクチュエータとの組み合わせにおいては,表面マイクロマシニング技術を導入し,静電型のマイクロアクチュエータを実現した.さらに,熱型アクチュエータも製作した動作を確認した.これらを組み合わせて可動構造のある超微細構造格子の製作を試みた.これらの結果により,本研究課題の主要部分を実現した.
日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(A), 東北大学, 10305020

Cell structure and mechanobiology　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2000年
競争的資金

細胞の構造とメカノバイオロジーに関する研究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2000年
競争的資金

細胞の構造観察と力学特性の同時計測用レーザー顕微鏡組込み型原子間力顕微鏡の開発
科学研究費助成事業
1998年 - 1999年
佐藤 正明, 林 美明, 大橋 俊朗, 松本 健郎, 片岡 則之
細胞内部の微細構造の観察が可能な共焦点レーザ顕微鏡に原子間力顕微鏡を組み込み力学特性が同時計測できるようにするとともに,培養細胞に力学的刺激負荷が可能な装置を開発する目的で研究を行い,次の成果を得た.
1.半導体レーザを利用したカンチレバー駆動型で,細胞培養用のディッシュが設置可能な試料ホルダーを備えた原子間力顕微鏡を開発した.カンチレバー及び試料ホルダーの駆動は全てコンピュータによる制御で行う.
2.固定した内皮細胞のアクチンフィラメントを観察すると同時に原子間力顕微鏡を用いて3次元形状を計測することができた.次のステップとして生細胞において内部構造を観察するための方法として,遺伝子導入の技術を用い,GFP/アクチンベクターを準備し細胞内において発現する方法を開発した.今後この技術を利用して初期の目的の実験を行う予定である.
3.本装置を利用して流れ負荷実験ができるように,市販のディッシュに直接装着が可能なI/Oポートを開発した.ただし,現在市販のディッシュでは流量負荷実験が行えないため,特注によりガラスをディッシュ内側底面に張り付けたものを製作した.このディッシュの利用により簡便にかつ効率よく本装置の上で内皮細胞に対する流れ負荷実験が行えるようになった.その結果,流れを負荷した内皮細胞の局所力学特性を原子間力顕微鏡によって計測したところ,硬さが上昇していることが明らかとなった.さらに,1つの細胞内の場所による硬さの違いも明確になった.
4.細胞内部におけるアクチンフィラメントの発達の要因が内部応力であるとの仮説の下に,開発した原子間力顕微鏡を用いて流れを負荷した内皮細胞の形状を計測し,このデータから有限要素モデルを作成して細胞内部の応力解析を行った.その結果,細胞の上流側上部に応力が集中しており,細胞骨格の発達と定性的な相関が得られた.
日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(B), 東北大学, 10558126

大動脈瘤破裂の危険因子発現のためのバイオメカニクス的解析
科学研究費助成事業
1998年 - 1999年
佐藤 正明, 貞弘 光章, 松本 健郎, 田林 晄一, 秋元 弘治, 大橋 俊朗
大動脈瘤壁の力学特性を調べ,患者の大動脈瘤形状を非侵襲的に計測し,壁の変形挙動及び壁内の応力解析から大動脈瘤発生後の危険因子の把握と破裂診断のためのモデル作りを目的として,以下の成果を得た.
1.大動脈瘤の力学的性質の計測と3次元有限要素モデルの構築
新たに作製した二軸引張試験機を用いて手術時に大動脈瘤患者から切除した組織片の力学的性質を計測した.その結果,正常と思われる組織に比べて病変部では弾性係数が高い値を示し,いずれも硬化している現象が明らかとなった.弾性係数が高い値を示した大動脈瘤組織ほど大きな力学的異方性が認められた.
MRI画像に基づく大動脈の3次元の有限要素モデルを完成させ,薄肉を仮定した解析により大動脈壁内の応力とひずみ分布を求めることができた.この結果,応力は大動脈弓部の前・後壁に集中しており,この部分に大動脈瘤が形成される例が多いこととよく一致していた.この基本モデルに動脈瘤を種々の形状と位置を想定して解析したところ,瘤の形成位置によって応力の集中の程度も異なることが明らかとなった.
2.大動脈瘤患者の壁運動の解析ならびに大動脈瘤の力学的性質の推測と破裂予測モデルの構築
シネMRI画像において心電図同期tagging法を用いて拡張期末期から収縮期にかけて動脈壁内腔と外壁の動きを計測し,大動脈瘤近傍に生じるひずみ,局所応力を求めた.解析の結果,健常者では弓部前壁あたりで大きなひずみを生じ,大動脈瘤患者では大動脈瘤形成部位あたりで外側に大きく膨らむような変形をすることが明らかとなった.
以上の結果に基づき,今後MRI画像から有限要素モデル構築までの迅速化,利便性を考慮したシステムの改良と基礎データを積み重ねていく予定である.
日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(B), 東北大学, 10480241

生体光情報計測のための近接場光学プローブの開発と評価
科学研究費補助金(奨励研究(A))
1998年 - 1999年
大橋 俊朗
近年,生物フォトンと呼ばれる超微弱光が注目されてきた.この生物フォトンが計測できれば新たな生体情報として非常に有用である.そこで,本研究では生物フォトンを効率よく検出するために微細加工技術を用いて微小なプローブを開発することを目的とする.この計測は近接場顕微鏡の原理を応用したもので,生体表面上のフォトンを微小プローブによって散乱させ,プローブ先端からフォトンを集めるものである.まずシリコンの微細加工技術により微小プローブを製作するために,有限要素法解析(FEM)により片持ち梁およびねじれ梁の振動特性を理論的に解析した.その結果,ねじれ梁は高次のモードを排除できるが片持ち梁の方が同程度の形状を有する場合,共振周波数は高い値を示した.次にフォトリソグラフィー技術により単結晶シリコンの微小プローブを製作した.製作した微小プローブの周波数特性はLC共振回路による容量センサおよび発信器から構成される実験装置によって測定を行ない,FEM解析結果とよい一致を示すことを確認した.この微小プローブを原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)のプローブとして用いれば細胞の表面形状とともにフォトンが検出できる.そこで第一段階として実際にウシ大動脈由来血管内皮細胞を用いて細胞表面形状を測定した.また,微弱光を検出するためのフォトダイオードの製作を併せて行なった.n型のシリコン基板にp型のボロンイオンを打ち込むことでp...
文部科学省, 奨励研究(A), 東北大学, 研究代表者, 競争的資金, 10780526

細胞内微細構造インプロセス計測型マイクロ引張試験機の開発と評価
科学研究費助成事業
1997年 - 1999年
松本 健郎, 片岡 則之, 大橋 俊朗, 佐藤 正明
本研究では3年間に亙り細胞を引張った際の内部構造の変化を,張力変化と同時に顕微鏡下に明瞭に観察できる装置の開発を進めた.顕微鏡(BX50WI,オリンパス)下に細胞の両端を細胞接着剤(Cell-Tak)でコートしたガラスマイクロピペット(内径3〜15μm)に吸引・固定し,一端のピペットを電動マニピュレータ(MMS-77,島津製作所)で引張った際の細胞の形状変化を詳細に計測できるようにした.また他端のピペットはカンチレバー型とし,細胞変形に伴う撓み量の変化を光学的に計測することで細胞に加わる力を求めた.画質向上のため正立顕微鏡下で水浸の対物レンズにより観察する系とした.顕微鏡の光軸方向の位置決めには鏡筒上下式のものを用いることで複雑な実験操作を可能ならしめた.Explant法で得た継代6〜7代目の培養ウシ胸大動脈平滑筋細胞(BASM)および酵素法で得たラット胸大動脈平滑筋細胞(RASM)に関し,37℃の生理的塩類溶液中で引張試験を行えることを確認した.引張速度を変えたBASMの試験結果より,ひずみ速度と細胞の弾性特性との間にはひずみ速度4%/sec以上の領域では有意な相関のあることが明らかとなった.ひずみ速度が0.2〜4%/secの範囲で行ったBASMとRASMの弾性率(公称応力-ひずみ線図より算出)を比較したところ,BASMでは3kPa程度,RASMでは12kPa程度と4倍程度高いことを見いだした.細胞採取方法の違いにより,BASMは収縮タンパクの少ない合成型,RASMは収縮タンパクに富む収縮型のフェノタイプを示していると考えられる.細胞内の収縮タンパク量の違いがこのような弾性特性の違いをもたらした可能性が考えられた.
日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(B), 東北大学, 09558109

アモルファスSiを利用した光導波路一体型カンチレバーの製作
科学研究費助成事業
1998年 - 1998年
羽根 一博, 大橋 俊朗, 佐々木 実
非伝播性のエバネッセント波から伝播性の光に変換するために、近接場顕微鏡においては尖ったファイバープローブや微細加工プローブが用いられる。よく用いられるファイバープローブに比較して、微細加工プローブの特徴はプローブに多機能を付加できるSiデバイスとの集積化が可能であることである。SiO_xN_y,Si_3N_4やSiO_2などの材料が従来、導波路材料として用いられている。一方、アモルファスシリコン(α-Si)は結晶Siデバイスとの製造互換性をもった興味ある材料であるが、導波路の材料としてはあまり用いられてこなかった。α-Siは0.82μm以上の波長の光に対して吸収が激減し、ほとんど透明になる。一方、結晶Siは1.1μm以上の赤外光において透明である。0.82μm-1.1μmの波長領域に対してα-Siは透明媒質として働き、結晶Siは吸収材料として働く。また、この領域には高出力GaAlAs半導体レーザの波長が含まれている。α-Siが高い屈折率(3.6)を持つことから微小領域に光を閉じこめることが期待でき、クラッドの材料として多くの選択が可能となる。これらのことより、本研究ではα-Siを用いて導波路型カンチレバーを製作した。
半導体レーザを全反射角でプリズムに入射し発生させたエバネッセント波により、プリズム表面に近付けたα-Siカンチレバーを照射し、その様子を光学顕微鏡により観察した。反りのためカンチレバー中を伝播する光がカンチレバーの中央から漏れ出ているのが見られた。広いカンチレバーの方が先端が三角型のカンチレバーよりも明るい光出力が得られた。α-Siカンチレバーからの光の放射を観測することで基本的な導波特性を確認した。次にSiフォトダイオードや半導体レーザなどとの集積化を試みる。
日本学術振興会, 特定領域研究(A), 東北大学, 10135203

細胞内力学伝達機構の解明　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1998年
競争的資金

機械的刺激に対する血管内皮細胞の応答に関するバイオメカニクス
科学研究費助成事業
1995年 - 1997年
佐藤 正明, HELLUMS J.Da, GIRARD Peggy, NEREM Robert, 片岡 則之, 松本 健郎, HELLAMS J.Da, DEWEY Jr. C., 大橋 俊朗
最終年度である本年度は,これまでの研究成果を総括的に眺め,従来の研究方法で方法論的に問題となっていた点の幾つかを克服する試みを行った.
1.アクチン線維を生きた細胞内で観察する技術の開発
血管内皮細胞の力学的刺激感知機構に深く関与すると考えられている細胞内アクチン線維の観察方法として現在主流である蛍光抗体法には,固定した細胞でしか観察が行えないという重大な欠点がある.そこでGFP(Green Fluorescent Protein)という蛍光タンパク質をアクチン線維の架橋タンパク質であるα-アクチニンに結合させたものを遺伝子導入技術を用いて内皮細胞に産生させることを試み,従来困難であった生きたままの細胞におけるアクチン線維動態の観察を行うことに成功した.
2.血管内腔面の内皮細胞をそのまま利用した流れ負荷実験系の開発
従来,動物実験と培養内皮細胞を用いた実験の結果には多くの矛盾が生じている.そこでウサギより摘出した胸大動脈を平行平板型流路に設置することによって,両者の短所を補うという新しい実験系を確立し,内皮細胞の流れによるせん断応力に対する形態変化を計測した.その結果,1Paの流れによるせん断応力を生体内での血管軸方向と直角に負荷したところ,72時間後に新たな流れの方向へ配向した内皮細胞が多く観察され,本装置の妥当性が確認された.
日本学術振興会, 国際学術研究, 東北大学, 07044112

微細加工デバイスを用いた細胞機能の計測　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1997年
競争的資金

ピペット吸引による血管壁の非線形局所力学特性の測定に関する研究
科学研究費補助金(奨励研究(A))
1996年 - 1996年
大橋 俊朗
1.はじめに 血管壁の大変形時の弾性特性を知るための新たな測定法として、二軸引張装置により予めひずみを与えた状態でピペット吸引を行うことで試料の大変形時の弾性係数を推定する方法を提案した。また、内圧負荷試験を併せて行い両試験法による結果を比較・検討した。2.方法 ブタ胸部下行大動脈(外径約20mm、壁厚約2mm)から40x40mm程度の十字型試料を、主軸を血管壁の軸および円周方向に一致させながら十字型金型で打ち抜いた。試料を内腔面を上にして自作の二軸引張装置に固定し、周囲を室温の生理食塩水で満たした。ネジ送りステージを調節して軸および円周方向の伸び比を1.0〜1.5程度の範囲で0.1ずつ変化させながら、内径800μmのガラスピペットで試料表面を吸引した。ピペット内の試料の変形量はビデオマイクロスコープを通してモニタ上で二値化して求めた。一方、軸および円周方向の試料のひずみはCCDカメラで撮影し、試料表面の標線を二値化して求めた。弾性率Eは実験から得られた吸引圧-変形量関係を有限要素法解析から得られた同様の関係と比較することで求めた。また、別途比較のため同一個体の円筒状試料に対して従来法の内圧負荷試験を行い増分弾性係数H_<θθ>を求めた。3.結果および考察 軸方向伸長比λ_zが一定の場合、Eは円周方向伸長比λ_θが増加するに伴い単調に増加した。一方H_<θθ>は指数関数的に増...
文部科学省, 奨励研究(A), 東北大学, 研究代表者, 競争的資金, 08780813