Yokota Atsushi

President/Vice-PresidentsExecutive/Vice-President
Global Institute for Collaborative Research and EducationExecutive/Vice-President
Institute for the Advancement of SustainabilityExecutive/Vice-President
Last Updated :2026/02/04

■Researcher basic information

Degree

  • Doctor of Agriculture (Hokkaido University) (1984), Hokkaido University

Researchmap personal page

Research Keyword

  • 応用微生物学
  • Microbial Biotechnology
  • Microbial Physiology
  • Applied Microbiology

Research Field

  • Life sciences, Applied microbiology

■Career

Career

  • 2000 - 2006
    北海道大学 大学院農学研究科 応用生命科学専攻 分子生命科学講座 微生物資源生態学分野 教授
  • 2000 - 2006
    Professor,Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Ecology, Research Group of Molecular Bioscience, Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
  • 2006
    - 北海道大学 大学院農学研究院 応用生命科学部門 分子生命科学分野 微生物生理学研究室 教授
  • 2006
    - Professor,Laboratory of Microbial Physiology, Research Group of Molecular Bioscience, Division of Applied Bioscience, Reseach Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
  • 1999 - 2000
    北海道大学 大学院農学研究科 応用生命科学専攻 分子生命科学講座 微生物資源生態学分野 助教授
  • 1999 - 2000
    Associate Professor,Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Ecology, Research Group of Molecular Bioscience, Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
  • 1992 - 1999
    Hokkaido University, Faculty of Agriculture
  • 1992 - 1999
    Associate Professor,Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
  • 1991 - 1992
    Hokkaido University, Faculty of Agriculture
  • 1991 - 1992
    Lecturer,Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
  • 1989 - 1991
    Hokkaido University, Faculty of Agriculture
  • 1989 - 1991
    Research Associate,Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
  • 1984 - 1989
    味の素株式会社 中央研究所 微生物化学部 研究員
  • 1984 - 1989
    Researcher,Central Research Laboratory of Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan

Educational Background

  • 1984, Hokkaido University, 農学研究科, 農芸化学専攻, Japan
  • 1984, Hokkaido University, Graduate School, Division of Agriculture
  • 1981, Hokkaido University, 農学研究科, 農芸化学専攻, Japan
  • 1981, Hokkaido University, Graduate School, Division of Agriculture
  • 1979, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Agriculture, 農芸化学科, Japan
  • 1979, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Agriculture

Committee Memberships

  • 2019 - Present
    The Society for Biotechnology, Japan, Auditor, Society
  • 2011 - 2015
    Japan Society for Lactic Acid Bacteria, President, Society
  • 2009 - 2015
    The Society for Biotechnology, Japan, Board member (International Affairs), Society
  • 2011 - 2012
    日本農芸化学会, 代議員, Society
  • Nov. 2001 - Apr. 2010
    FEMS Microbiology Letters, Editor, Society
  • 2008 - 2009
    日本農芸化学会, 評議員, Society
  • 2008
    日本生物工学会, 活性化WG委員, Society
  • 2005 - 2007
    日本生物工学会, 北日本支部支部長, Society
  • 2003 - 2007
    Japan Society for Lactic Acid Bacteria, Board member, Society
  • 2003 - 2006
    日本乳酸菌学会, 理事(広報・渉外担当), Society
  • 2003 - 2006
    日本農芸化学会, 学術活動強化委員会委員, Society
  • 2003 - 2004
    日本農芸化学会, 代議員, Society
  • 2002 - 2004
    日本応用糖質科学会, 北海道支部理事, Society
  • 2003
    (財)バイオインダストリー協会, 「バイオサイエンスとインダストリー」誌編集委員, Society
  • 2001 - 2002
    The Society for Biotechnology, Japan, Vice Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Society
  • 1999 - 2001
    The Society for Biotechnology, Japan, Editor, Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Society
  • 1996 - 2000
    日本生物工学会, 北日本支部庶務幹事, Society
  • 2000
    日本農芸化学会, 北海道支部評議員, Society
  • 1997 - 1999
    日本生物工学会, 和文誌編集委員, Society
  • 1995 - 1999
    日本生物工学会, 活動強化委員, Society
  • 1995 - 1996
    日本農芸化学会, 北海道支部幹事, Society
  • 1991 - 1992
    日本農芸化学会, 北海道支部幹事, Society

Position History

  • サステイナビリティ推進機構長, 2024年4月1日 - 2026年3月31日
  • 教育研究評議会評議員, 2013年4月1日 - 2015年3月31日
  • 教育研究評議会評議員, 2015年4月1日 - 2017年3月31日
  • 教育研究評議会評議員, 2017年4月1日 - 2019年3月31日
  • 国際連携機構長, 2020年10月1日 - 2023年3月31日
  • 国際連携研究教育局副局長, 2020年10月1日
  • 施設・環境計画室長, 2024年4月1日 - 2026年3月31日
  • 大学院農学院長, 2015年4月1日 - 2017年3月31日
  • 大学院農学院長, 2017年4月1日 - 2019年3月31日
  • 大学院農学院副学院長, 2013年4月1日 - 2015年3月31日
  • 大学院農学研究院長, 2015年4月1日 - 2017年3月31日
  • 大学院農学研究院長, 2017年4月1日 - 2019年3月31日
  • 大学院農学研究院副研究院長, 2013年4月1日 - 2015年3月31日
  • 大学力強化推進本部副本部長, 2020年10月1日 - 2024年3月31日
  • 農学部長, 2015年4月1日 - 2017年3月31日
  • 農学部長, 2017年4月1日 - 2019年3月31日
  • 農学部副学部長, 2013年4月1日 - 2015年3月31日

■Research activity information

Awards

  • Sep. 2019, The Akiyama Life Science Foundation, The Akiyama Life Science Foundation Award 2019               
    腸内細菌叢の制御における胆汁酸の役割に関する微生物生理学的研究
    YOKOTA Atsushi
  • Jul. 2019, Japan Society for Lactic Acid Bacteria, Japan Society for Lactic Acid Bacteria (JSLAB) Award               
    Comprehensive studies on the interactions between bile acid and lactic acid bacteria/bifidobactria/gut microbes
    YOKOTA Atsushi
  • Oct. 2012, The Society for Biotechnology, Japan, Achievement Award of the Society for Biotechnology, Japan               
    Basic research on the enhancement of central metabolism in bacteria producing useful metabolites
    YOKOTA Atsushi
  • Mar. 1996, The Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry, The Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry Award for Encouragement of Young Scientists               
    エネルギー代謝変異による有用微生物の育種に関する研究
    YOKOTA Atsushi

Papers

Other Activities and Achievements

Books and other publications

  • Amino acid fermentation
    Atsushi Yokota, Masato Ikeda
    Springer, 2017, 9784431565185, English, [Editor]
  • 応用微生物学 第3版
    横田篤, 大西康夫, 小川順
    文永堂出版, Jul. 2016, 4830041315, 327, [Editor]
  • Lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria : current progress in advanced research
    Kenji Sonomoto, Atsushi Yokota
    Caister Academic Press, 2011, 9781904455820, English, [Editor]
  • 乳酸菌とビフィズス菌のサイエンス               
    京都大学出版会, 2010, [Joint editor]
  • Handbook of Corynebacterium glutamicum (eds. L. Eggeling and M. Bott)               
    CRC Press, 2005, [Contributor]
  • 「微生物利用の大展開」今中忠行 監修               
    株式会社エヌ・ティー・エス, 2002
  • 「食による生体機能調節の新展開」栄養・食糧科学セレクション3 <安本教傳,葛西隆則 編集>               
    日本食品出版, 2002
  • Food for Health in the Pacific Rim (eds. J. R. Whitaker, N. F. Haard, C. F. Shoemaker and R. P. Singh)               
    Food & Nutrition Press, Inc., 1999

Affiliated academic society

  • (財)日本ビフィズス菌センター               
  • (財)バイオインダストリー協会               
  • 日本応用糖質科学会               
  • American Society for Microbiology               
  • 日本乳酸菌学会               
  • 日本生物工学会               
  • 日本農芸化学会               
  • Japan Bifidus Foundation               
  • Japan Bioindustry Association (JBA)               
  • The Japanese Society of Applied Glycoscience               
  • Japan Society for Lactic Acid Bacteria (JSLAB)               
  • The Society for Biotechnology, Japan               
  • and Agrochemistry               
  • Biotechnology               
  • Japan Society for Bioscience               

Research Themes

  • 適応的実験室進化による産業微生物のエネルギー欠乏への潜在的な適応能力の解明
    科学研究費助成事業
    01 Apr. 2021 - 31 Mar. 2024
    前田 智也, 横田 篤
    本研究では、発酵産業に重要な大腸菌やコリネ型細菌の発酵生産効率の向上を目的として、中枢代謝が活性化している様々な呼吸鎖酵素欠損株の適応的実験室進化を行うことで、産業微生物の細胞増殖と目的物質生産のバランスを最適化させる方法を明らかにすることを最終目的としている。
    大腸菌やコリネ型細菌において、酸化的リン酸化の阻害によるエネルギー欠乏の誘導が糖代謝などの中枢代謝を活性化させる一方、著しい増殖悪化を引き起こすことが先行研究から明らかにされている。申請者は、本研究において、エネルギー欠乏株の多くが酢酸を単一炭素源として生育できない、または著しく生育が阻害されることを見出した。酢酸を単一炭素源とした場合、取り込んだ酢酸をまず活性化してアセチルリン酸へ変換する過程で1分子のATPを消費し、その後基質レベルのリン酸化では1分子のATPしか合成できないため、ATP合成は酸化的リン酸化に依存していると考えられる。そのため、酢酸を単一炭素源とする選択圧をかける実験室進化を行うことで、酸化的リン酸化が阻害されているエネルギー欠乏株において、エネルギー欠乏への潜在的な適応能力が活性化された進化株が出現し得るのではないかと考えた。そこで今年度は、まず大腸菌の様々な呼吸鎖酵素を欠損したエネルギー欠乏株6株を親株として、酢酸最少培地を用いた適応的実験室進化を行った。適応的実験室進化は、コントロールとして呼吸鎖を欠損していない野生株を用い、また同一培養条件における反復数4として合計28系列行った。このような適応的実験室進化により、酢酸最少培地における生育が回復または、増殖速度が向上した進化株を取得することに成功した。
    日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(C), 北海道大学, 21K06142
  • Metabolic analysis of an Escherichia coli mutant defective in respiratory chain enzymes and its application to the production of 1,3-butanediol and gamma-aminobutyric acid.
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    01 Apr. 2019 - 31 Mar. 2022
    Atsushi Yokota
    The respiratory chain of Escherichia coli includes NADH dehydrogenase (NDH) and terminal oxidase. We previously knocked out the highest proton-motive force-generating capacity components (NADH dehydrogenase-1 and cytochrome bo3 oxidase) using the E. coli wild-type W1485 strain. In this study, we found that the double knockout mutant strain (ΔΔ strain) showed an increase in the glucose consumption rate, respiration rate, acetate production, NADH/NAD+ ratio, and glutamate production. A metabolome analysis and RNA-seq analysis revealed that genes encoding for pentose phosphate pathway, acetate metabolism, and gadAB encoding glutamate decarboxylase were significantly increased. We also demonstrated that the ΔΔ strain can be applied for the production of 1,3-butanediol and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University, 19H02863
  • 食事と腸内細菌叢:西欧食による腸内細菌叢崩壊機構の解明
    科学研究費助成事業
    01 Apr. 2013 - 31 Mar. 2014
    横田 篤
    日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(B), 北海道大学, 25292042
  • Development of an innovative method for reducing colon-cancer-inducing secondary bile acid formation through enhancement of anaerobic respiration of the intestinal bacteria
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    2011 - 2012
    YOKOTA Atsushi, ISHIZUKA Satoshi
    Some secondary bile acids formed in the large intestine are known as a riskfactor of colon cancer. In this study a novel method that reduces such secondary bile acids formed by thereductive metabolism of gut microbes were investigated. We tested if the enhancement of oxidativemetabolism of the responsible gut microbes by the introduction of anaerobic respiration can reduce thetarget secondary bile acids. Thus, rats were fed sodium fumarate-supplemented diet to enhanceanaerobic respiration of the gut microbes. Although the results suggested a possibility of decreasingrelative abundance of deoxycholic acid, a representative colon-cancer-inducing secondary bile acid, theobserved effects were not practically applicable, because high dose of fumarate was required (5~10% ofthe diet), which resulted in the diarrhea in rats experiments. Therefore, improved method of fumaratefeeding, e.g. encapsulation, might be necessary to achieve this goal.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research, Hokkaido University, 23658064
  • Survival strategy of intestinal lactic acid bacteria in the gut : functional analysis of cell surface structure involved in bile acid adaptation
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    2009 - 2011
    YOKOTA Atsushi, FUKIYA Satoru, MORITA Naoki, YOKOTA Shin-ichishi
    Free bile acids (FBAs) are considered the most deleterious stress compounds that inhibit the growth of intestinal bacteria by their membrane-damaging effect. Previously, we found adaptation in Lactobacillus gasseri JCM1131T to cholic acid (CA), one of the major FBAs in human intestine. In this adaptation, exponentially growing cells were first exposed to 4 mM CA, a sub-lethal concentration, for 30 min and then to lethal concentration at 15 mM. The adapted cells did not show any appreciable decrease in viability in the presence of 15 mM CA even after 7 h, while non-adapted cells rapidly lost viability by the factors of 10-3~-4. In the adapted cells a significant relief of membrane damage was observed in the presence of CA, suggesting alterations in lipid composition in the cell envelope.
    Total lipids extracted from adapted and non-adapted cells were separated into three fractions, neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids. Determination of amount of each fraction revealed no significant changes between adapted and non-adapted cells. Likewise, significant differences were neither found in fatty acids compositions of each fraction. However, significant alterations were detected in glycolipids and phospholipids compositions. In glycolipids, increases in the length of sugar chain were detected during the adaptation. Furthermore, a significant increase in relative amount of cardiolipin (CL) was observed in the phospholipid fraction.
    To evaluate physiological importance of CL in CA adaptation, vesicle experiment was conducted. It was found that CL confers resistance to the liposome against CA attack, suggesting a pivotal role of CL in adaptation mechanism.
    Mutants having deletion in two putative cardiolipin synthase genes (cls) singly or in combination were then derived, and their abilities in CA adaptation were investigated. Although CL levels of the both single-knockout mutants were lower than that of the wild type JCM1131T, the levels were found to increase after exposure to 4 mM CA, and a comparable CA adaptation to the wild type strain was observed in both the mutants. The double-knockout mutant possessed negligible amount of CL but still showed CA adaptation, suggesting a dispensable role of CL in CA adaptation. However, in this mutant, significant decrease in glycolipid fraction and significant increase in phospholipid fraction were observed as compared to wild-type strain and these shifts were more prominent after CA adaptation. Therefore, CL was found to work as a key determinant for the lipid composition of the bacterial cell membrane.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University, 21380053
  • Screening of novel secondary bile acid-producing intestinal bacteria and clarification of the mechanism of formation of colon-cancer promoter
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    2004 - 2006
    YOKOTA Atsushi, FUKIYA Satoru, YUMOTO Isao
    Isolation of novel intestinal bacteria converting primary bile acids such as cholic acid (CA) or chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) into colon cancer-promoting secondary bile acids such as deoxycholic acid (DCA) or lithocholic acid (LCA), respectively, was conducted from fecal samples of humans.
    Total 619 strains were isolated from fecal samples in anaerobic chamber. Their activities for the formation of secondary bile acids including DCA and LCA were examined by culturing them in the medium containing CA or CDCA followed by the detection of the reaction products by TLC, HPLC and GC-MS analyses. As the results, eight strains were obtained as the secondary bile-acid producers. Determination of 16SrRNA gene sequence revealed that two of them producing DCA or LCA were Clostridium scindens and C.leptum, both of which are known producers for DCA or LCA. The other six strains were found to produce 7-oxo-lithocholic acid (3α-hydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholanoic acid, 7-keto-LCA) from CDCA. These strains consisted of already know producers for 7-keto-LCA including Escherichia coli(three strains) and Bacteroides fragilis (two strains) and one previously not described strain, Bacteroides intestinalis. Therefore, this strain was selected as a novel producer and designated B. intestinalis AM-1. This strain produced 7-keto-DCA from CA. The same activities were also detected in the type strain of B. intestinalis JCM13265^T
    Conversion reaction of strain AM-1 was compared with those of E. coliHB101 and B. fragilis JCM11019^T as the reference strains. It was revealed that strain AM-1 showed conversion yield of more than 90% with lower growth level than the other two strains, resulting in higher activity of conversion per cell than the others. However, we did not observe significant differences in the activities of 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, a responsible enzyme producing 7-keto-LCA, in these three strains.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 16380054
  • Proleome and transcriptome analyses of an Escherichia coli mutant defective in oxidative phosphorylation
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    2001 - 2002
    YOKOTA Atsushi, TOMITA Fusao
    Effects of a defect in oxidative phosphorylation (F_1-ATPase defect) on Escherichia coli cells was investigated by proteome and transcriptome analyses.
    (1) Sapmple preparation : E. coli K-12 strain W1485 and its F_1-ATPase defective mutant ware cultured in glucose in limited chemostat and used as samples for the analyses.
    (2) Proteome analysis : All the expressed proteins were separated by 2 dimentional gel electrophoresis, and the protein spots that showed difference in their densities between the two strains were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry.
    (3) Transcriptome analysis : Total RNA was extracted from both strains, and ^<30>P-labeled cDNA wsa prepared. DNA array was probed with the prepared cDNA, and the image analysis of the hybridized DNA array was conducted for the analysis of the difference in the gene expression between the two strains.
    [Results] Among enzymes involved in glycolysis, several enzymes (phosphoglycerate kinase, enolase, pyruvate kinase I, pyruvate dehydrogenase) showed increased expression both in the level of enzyme activities and in protein amounts (proteome analysis) in the mutant. However, transcriptome analysis showed only pyruvate dehydrogenase expression was increased in the mutant, and no difference was observed in the transcription of the rest of the glycolytic enzymes. Many TCA cycle enzymes (citrate synthase, succinyl-CoA synthetase, malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate lyase, malate synthase) were found to be down-regulated in tha mutant in the levels of enzyme activities, proteome and transcriptome analyses. However, succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate hydratase were found to be up-regulated only in the level of enzyme activities and in proteome analysis. In respiratory chain, expression of NADH dehydrogenase-2 and cytochrome bd oxidase were found to be up-regulated in transcriptome analysis.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 13660072
  • Strain Improvement and Analysis of Industrial Microorganisms by the Manipulation of Energy Metabolism
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    1998 - 2000
    YOKOTA Atsushi, TOMITA Fusao
    Effect of the manipulation of H+-ATPase activity, involved in the energy metabolism, on the characteristics of the industrially important bacteria were investigated. The following results obtained suggest that the manipulation of energy metabolism allow us to improve microbial function differently from ordinary way.
    1. Escherichia coli : Central metabolism of the F1-ATPase-defective mutant of E.coli was analyzed using the physiologically defined cells cultured continuously in minimal medium. In the mutant increases in the activities of glycolytic enzymes, NADH dehydrogenase of respiratory chain, decreases in the TCA cycle enzyme activities were observed. Based on the genome information, proteome analysis was conducted. The results revealed the changes in the cell protein composition in the mutant.
    2. Coryneform-glutantic acid producer : Fermentation profiles of a mutant of Corynebacterium glutamicum defective in H+-ATPase activity was investigated. In the mutant the rate of glucose consumption per cell was found to be enhanced. Glutamic acid production was hardly observed, while the production of pyruvic acid, alanine, lactic acid was increased. All the genes of the H+-ATPase operon were cloned. These genes were inserted into E.coli-Corynebacterium shuttle vector, and wild type strain of C.glutamicum was transformed with this plasmid. The transformant showed 2.7-fold activity of H+-ATPase as that of the wild type.
    3. Lactic acid bacteria : A decrease in the H+-ATPase activity in Lactococcus lactis, a starter strain for cheese making, resulted in the acid sensitivity, thereby demonstrating the importance of this enzyme activity on the pH homeostasis of L.lactis. All the genes of H+-ATPase operon of L.lactis were cloned.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)., HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 10460033
  • 変異株を用いる抗真菌剤の探索
    科学研究費助成事業
    1998 - 1999
    冨田 房男, 横田 篤
    先に得られた物質AM-1及びNCA-D6関連物質の単離精製、を行った。
    AM-1関連物質と想定されるAM-2を単離した。
    AM-2はキチン合成酵素の一部を欠損した株にのみ生育阻害をもたらし、同時に行った野生株には生育阻害は見られなかった。また、その他の糸状菌Aiternaria sp.、Fusarium oxysporum、細菌Salmonella typhymurium、Bacillus subtillisにも生育阻害は見られなかった。AM-2の機器分析の結果分子量が303、分子式がC_<21>H_<37>Nであることがわかった。AM-2は、野生株の粗精製キチン合成酵素反応を阻害することが確認された。また、^3H-uracil、^3H-thymidine、^3H-leucineを用いた取り込み実験の結果、AM-2が3H-uracilと^3H-leucineの取り組みを阻害しており、AM-2によるRNAおよびタンパク合成が影響を受けていると示唆された。
    NCA-D6関連の少なくとも4つの物質が確認された。NCA-D6も、キチン合成酵素の一部欠損株にのみ生育阻害をもたらし、同時に行った野生株には生育阻害は見られなかった。また、その他の糸状菌Aiternaria sp.、Fusarium oxysporum、細菌Salmomella typhymurium、Bacillus subtillisにも生育阻害は見られなかった。分子量646、分子式C_<37>H_<58>O_9であり、その構造を明らかにした。NCA-D6は野生株の粗精製キチン合成酵素反応を阻害し また、^3H-uracil、^3H-thymidine、^3H-leucineを用いた取り込み実験の結果、3H-leucineの取り込みを阻害しており、タンパク合成が影響を受けていると示唆された。既知の物質ではあったものの、キチン合成を阻害するという報告は本研究が初めてである。関連物質について単離精製を進め、機器分析にかける段階である。
    日本学術振興会, 萌芽的研究, 北海道大学, 10876015
  • Production of novel oligosaccharides by microbes and evaluation of their function
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    1995 - 1997
    TOMITA Fusao, SAYAMA Koji, HARA Hiroshi, KASAI Takanori, YOKOTA Atsushi
    1.Preparation of Raw Material for Oligosaccharides Production : Extraction and purification of inulin from chicory was attempted according to the method of sugar purification from beet, and was successfully achieved. Preparation of levan was also carried out by using levan producing bacteria, and levan was recovered and purified from its culture broth. More simple purification process for preparation of raw material has attempted by such method as addition of oligosaccharide-producing enzyme to crude extracts.
    2.Screening and Improvement of Oligosaccharide Producing Microbe : Oligosaccharide producing microbe was screened from plant in addition to soil as a screening source, and xylobiose-producing fungi was newly isolated. Molecular cloning of ift and lft gene, which encode DFAIII and DFAIV producing enzyme respectively, were executed. Expression systems of ift and lft gene was constructed in E.coli system, and higher activities were gained by using these system rather these original strains.
    3.Establishment of Oligosaccharide Production Process : Culture conditions for oligosaccharides producing enzymes and reaction conditions were optimized by characterizing microbes and enzymes producing DFAIII,DFAIV,inulotriose and levanbiose. Large scale preparations of purified DFAIII and DFAIV were gained by the process such as fermentation of reaction mixturi by yeast, ion exchange column and crystallization.
    4.Evaluation of Physiological Function of Oligosaccharide : Properties of DFAIII with respect to both industrial processing and nutritional function by using microbe, rat and human were examined. In the case of rat, calcium absorption was increased by adding DFAIII to feed, and the regions of absorption were determined in large and small intestines. Physiological fuction of DFAIV has also been evaluation.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 07556087
  • 大腸菌及びコリネ型細菌のエネルギー代謝変異株の解析と発酵生産
    科学研究費助成事業
    1996 - 1996
    横田 篤, 須藤 学, 冨田 房男
    大腸菌及びコリネ型細菌のH^+-ATPアーゼの活性低下変異株について研究を進め下に示す結果を得た。
    1)これまでに当研究室で得られていた大腸菌のH^+-ATPアーゼ欠損株の炭素の流れを解糖系の酸素及び糖の取込み系について解析した。ピルビン酸キナーゼ-1とホスホグリセリン酸キナーゼの活性が元株の約1.5倍、グルコース取込み系(ホスホトランスフェラーゼ系)が約2.1倍、チトクロームb含有量が約1.4倍(呼吸が約1.7倍)に上昇しており、これらの共同作用で炭素の流れ(フラックス)に変化がでたものと結論した。中でもグルコース取込み系の増大は、ピルビン酸の生産向上と協同してフラックスの変化に最も大きな寄与があるものと考えられる。
    2)コリネ型細菌のH^+-ATPアーゼの活性が元株の約30%にまで低下した変異株を得てその解析を試みた。本変異株は生育初期には元株よりも生育が遅いが最終的な生育量はほとんど同じであった。本菌においても大腸菌と同様にピルビン酸の生産が増大し、オキソグルタール酸の生産はなくなり、クエン酸サイクルが動いていないことが示された。その結果グルタミン酸の生産はほとんどなくなり、アラニンの生産が増大した。また本菌でも糖消費が増大していたがこれもグルコース取込み系(ホスホトランスフェラーゼ系)の増大が大きく寄与していることが示された。
    日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(C), 北海道大学, 08660083
  • 2. 腸内細菌と胆汁酸の相互作用に関する総合的研究               
    1996
    Competitive research funding
  • 大腸菌のエネルギー代謝変異株の解析-糖代謝の新規制御機構と発酵生産の効率化-
    科学研究費助成事業
    1995 - 1995
    横田 篤, 冨田 房男
    大腸菌K-12株由来のリボ酸要求性ピルビン酸生産菌を新株として、形質導入法によりF_1-ATPaseの欠損変異遺伝子atpA401を導入して得られたTBLA-1株では、生育は親株の70%に低下したが、菌体当りのグルコース消費速度及びピルビン酸生産速度が親株の2倍及び2.5倍に増大し、その結果ピルビン酸の生産効率が大幅に向上した。平成7年度はTBLA-1株の性質解明とともに、新たに大腸菌K-12株野生株からも同様なF_1-ATPaseの欠損変異株を導き、この株についての性質も検討し、以下の結果を得た。
    1.TBLA-1株における解糖系諸酵素活性の変化:グルコースの取込みにかかわるホスホトランスフェラーゼ系を除く解糖系の全ての酵素活性の測定を行い、ホスホグリセリン酸キナーゼ及びピルビン酸キナーゼIの活性が対数増殖期において親株の最大1.5倍に増大していることを認めた。この二つの酵素は共に基質レベルのリン酸化を触媒するものであり、F_1-ATPaseの欠損変異におけるエネルギー(ATP)欠乏を補うレスポンスとして合目的的と考えられた。その他の酵素については両株間で有意な差が認められなかった。
    2.大腸菌K-12株野生株からのF_1-ATPase欠損変異株の取得:大腸菌K-12株野生株W1485に、形質導入法によりF_1-ATPaseの欠損変異遺伝子atpA401を導入しHBA-1株を取得した。
    3.培養条件の検討:TBLA-1、HBA-1両株の培養条件を検討し、鉄イオンの添加と、有機窒素源としてポリペプトンの添加が有効であることを認めた。
    4.HBA-1の糖代謝:3の条件でTBLA-1、HBA-1両株を培養した結果、HBA-1株の培養では著量のピルビン酸が生成した。ピルビン酸生産株でない野生株由来のF_1-ATPaseの欠損株でもピルビン酸が蓄積することから、F_1-ATPaseの欠損株では解糖系が強く活性化されていることが示唆された。
    日本学術振興会, 一般研究(C), 北海道大学, 07806010
  • 大腸菌のピルビン酸発酵をモデルとしたエネルギー代謝変異株による発酵生産の効率化
    科学研究費助成事業
    1994 - 1994
    横田 篤, 富田 房男
    大腸菌K-12株由来のリポ酸要求性ピルビン酸生産菌を親株として、形質導入法によりF_1-ATPaseの欠損変異遺伝子atpA401を導入して得られたTBLA-1株では、生育は親株の70%に低下したが、菌体当たりのグルコース消費速度およびピルビン酸生産速度が親株の2倍および2.5倍に増大し、その結果ピルビン酸生産効率が大幅に向上した。平成6年度はTBLA-1株の性質を解明することを目的として検討し、次に示す成果を得た。
    1.F_1-ATPaseレベルとピルビン酸生産効率との関連性の検討:TBLA-1株から親株の10%の活性を持つF_1-ATPaseの部分復帰変異株を取得した。この株のピルビン酸生産能は親株と同じであった。従って、ピルビン酸生産の効率化のためには、F_1-ATPaseがさらに低下する必要があることが分かった。
    2.TBLA-1株における酸素消費量の変化:ピルビン酸生産培養時のTBLA-1株の酸素消費量は親株の1.7倍に増大していた。
    3.電子伝達系のチトクロムb含有量の測定:分光学的な測定の結果、TBLA-1株では含有量が親株の3倍に増大していた。2.の結果と合わせて考えると、TBLA-1株では糖消費の増大の結果過剰に生成されるNADHを再酸化するために、これらの変化が起こったと考察された。
    4.TBLA-1株における解糖系諸酵素活性の変化:glucose phosphate isomerase,phosphofructokinase,fructose bisphosphate aldolase,phosphoglycerate mutase,pyruvate kinaseの5種類の酵素活性について測定したところ、pyruvate kinaseの活性がTBLA-1において約50%増大しており、解糖系が活性化されていることが見出された。
    日本学術振興会, 一般研究(C), 北海道大学, 06806009
  • Production of useful oligosaccharides from unused polysaccharides by microbial enzymes
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    1992 - 1994
    TOMITA Fusao, SUTO Manabu, YOKOTA Atsushi
    Oligo-saccharides attract much attention for their physiological function such as anticarious activity, prevention of constipation and of accumulation of plasma cholesterol, and low calorie sweetener etc. It has also been shown that oligo-saccharides are excellent health-care compounds for plants and microbes. As the importance of oligo-saccharides is recognized, it is apparent that development of their production methods becomes important. Thus, we initiated to study oligo-saccharides production by microbial processes using inexpensive starting materials such as inulin and levan. We isolated many microbes degrading inulin or levan from soil samples, and screened oligo-saccharides producers.
    1. Oligo-saccharides production from inulin : Arthrobacter sp.H65-7 producing difructose anhydride III (DFA III) was shown to convert DFA III into inulobiose by an intracellular DFA III-degrading enzyme. Inulobiose production from DFA III is possible with whole cell reaction. Streptomyces rochei E87 was found to produce an extracellular enzyme degrading inulin into inulotriose in an exo-manner. We have purified this enzyme and clarified its enzymatic properties.
    2. Oligo-saccharides production from levan : Streptomyces exfoliatus F3-2 and Arthrobacter nicotinovorans SG9 were found to produce levanbiose and DFA IV,respectively. Levanbiose-producing enzyme was purified and its enzymatic properties were investigated.
    3. Oligo-saccharides production by transfer reaction of degrading enzyme : Arthrobacter sp.MS9 produces a levanbiose-producing enzyme that transfer fructose residue of inulobiose to reducing-terminal fructose of inulobiose by beta2-6 linkage forming a novel trisaccharide.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University, 04454074
  • 1. エネルギー代謝に着目した有用微生物の機能解析と産業利用               
    1988
    Competitive research funding

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