2001年, International Marine Global Change Study, Travel Grant　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Hiroshi Kawamura

1997年, German Academic Exchange Service, Scholarship for doctoral study　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Hiroshi Kawamura

Dinoflagellate cyst distribution in surface sediments from the South China Sea in relation to hydrographic conditions and primary productivity
Zhen Li, Vera Pospelova, Hiroshi Kawamura, Chuanxiu Luo, Kenneth Neil Mertens, Ivan Hernandez-Almeida, Kedong Yin, Yongsheng Wu, Hui Wu, Rong Xiang
MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY, 159, ELSEVIER, 2020年08月
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, The geographical distribution of dinoflagellate cysts was investigated in palynologically treated surface sediments from the South China Sea (SCS) to understand the driving environmental factors associated with specific taxa. The western SCS generally has higher total cyst concentrations (>300 cysts g(-1)) than the eastern region (<200 cysts g(-1)). The highest concentrations (>1000 cysts g(-1)) occur off southern Vietnam, whereas the lowest cyst concentrations are off Luzon. The ratio of heterotrophic to autotrophic taxa has inverse distributional patterns to total cyst concentrations, and is likely to be related to an increase in relative abundances of autotrophic taxa when nutrient inputs increase.Brigantedinium spp., Selenopemphix nephroides, and Stelladinium reidii have their highest relative abundances and concentrations off Borneo. Their concentrations are significantly positively correlated with January seasurface temperature (SST-Jan). In contrast, concentrations of Selenopemphix undulata, Spiniferites hyperacanthus, Dapsilidinium pastielsii and Operculodiniumnongispinigenim are negatively correlated with SST-Jan. Lejeunecysta sabrina, cysts of Protoperidinium spp., Votadinium spp., Quinquecuspis concreta and Selenopemphix quanta are positively correlated with chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentrations and are found in the high primary productivity regions of the SCS. Total Impagidinium, Impagidinium aculeatum, Impagidinium paradoxum, Impagidinium patulum, Nematosphaeropsis labyrinthus, and Polysphaeridium zoharyi are positively correlated with water depth. Their highest abundances are recorded in the northern slope-deep basin that is influenced by the Kuroshio Current, and this cyst assemblage indicates an open-ocean environment.

Sterol composition of dinoflagellates: Different abundance and composition in heterotrophic species and resting cysts
Miki Amo, Noriyuki Suzuki, Hiroshi Kawamura, Aika Yamaguchi, Yoshihito Takano, Takeo Horiguchi
GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 44, 3, 225, 231, GEOCHEMICAL SOC JAPAN, 2010年
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, The motile cells of the autotrophic dinoflagellates Peridinium umbonatum var. inaequale, Akashiwo sanguinea, Scrippsiella tinctoria, and Prorocentrum micans commonly contain five major sterols: cholesterol, 4-methylcholestan-3-ol, 4,24-dimethylcholestan-3-ol, dinosterol, and dinostanol. The motile cell of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Protoperidinium crassipes contains cholesterol, 4,24-dimethylcholestan-3-ol, dinosterol, dinostanol, and 4-tetramethylcholestan-3-ol as major free sterols. The dinosterol concentrations of heterotrophic dinoflagellates are about 4-12 times higher than those of autotrophic species, suggesting that the heterotrophic dinoflagellate is an important source of dinosterol in some sediments. 4-Tetramethylcholestan-3-ol has not been reported in cultured samples of other heterotrophic dinoflagellates. The difference in 4-methyl sterol composition in heterotrophic dinoflagellates may be related to the feeds used during the culture experiment. The resting cyst of P. umbonatum var. inaequale contains 4-methylcholestan-3-ol, 4,24-dimethylcholestan-3-ol, dinosterol, dinostanol, and C-31 Delta(5.22)-sterol as major free sterols. The C-31 Delta(5.22)-sterol has not been reported in cultured samples of motile cells from dinoflagellates. This compound might be produced during the resting stage, and thus may serve as a potential biomarker for the resting cysts of dinoflagellates.

Enrichment of alkanes within a phytoplankton bloom during an in situ iron enrichment experiment in the western subarctic Pacific
Sohiko Kameyama, Urumu Tsunogai, Fumiko Nakagawa, Motoki Sasakawa, Daisuke D. Komatsu, Akira Ijiri, Junko Yamaguchi, Takeo Horiguchi, Hiroshi Kawamura, Aika Yamaguchi, Atsushi Tsuda
MARINE CHEMISTRY, 115, 1-2, 92, 101, ELSEVIER, 2009年06月
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, During the Subarctic Pacific Iron Experiment for Ecosystem Dynamics Study II (SEEDS-II), we monitored variations in the concentrations of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), CH3Cl. N2O. and CH4 within a phytoplankton bloom. Stable isotopic compositions were also determined to evaluate the sources of the variations. Although there was little variation in either the concentrations or the stable isotopic compositions of alkenes, CH3Cl, N2O. and CH4 during the 23-day observation period, alkane concentrations increased substantially as the phytoplankton bloomed. The column-integrated quantities of alkanes increased to 3 times pre-bloom levels for C2H6, 5 times for C3H8. and 20 times for n-C4H10. The delta C-13 values of both C2H6 and C3H8 remained almost constant while concentrations increased, whereas that of n-C4H10 increased by about 12 parts per thousand. To evaluate the sources of the alkanes produced during the bloom, we compared their delta C-13 values with those of alkanes produced in axenic phytoplankton cultures in our laboratory. We concluded that during the SEEDS-II experiment the major portions of C2H6 and C3H8 were produced during the autolysis of diatoms cells, whereas n-C4H10 was produced during autolysis of other phytoplankton cells such as cryptophytes and dinoflagellates. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Distribution of recent benthic foraminifera along continental slope of the Sunda Shelf (South China Sea)
Renata Szarek, Wolfgang Kuhnt, Hiroshi Kawamura, Hiroshi Nishi
MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY, 71, 1-2, 41, 59, ELSEVIER, 2009年04月
英語, The distribution of 'live' (Rose Bengal stained) and dead benthic foraminiferal distribution (> 150 mu m) was investigated in sediment surface samples (0-1 cm) from the winter upwelling region off Borneo on the continental slope of the Sunda Shelf and from the continental slope of southern Vietnam Shelf. The benthic foraminiferal faunas of both areas are highly diverse (H(S) 2.91-4.25 for living and 4.01-4.38 for dead). A canonical correspondence analysis proved that bathyal assemblages are most strongly influenced by the decreasing rates of organic carbon flux with increasing water depth, resulting in a pronounced depth-related succession of assemblages. Correlation between estimated C org-flux and factor 1 loadings of the CCA for modem, dead foraminiferal assemblages is very good (r(2) = 0.96). Thus, a local transfer function (y = 5.0289x + 6.8142) for estimating paleo-C org-flux rates from the down-core samples has been successfully developed for the continental slope of the Sunda Shelf Four benthic foraminiferal biofacies were recognised within the studied depth ranges: Upper Bathyal Biofacies (Siphotextularia foliosa - Cibicidoides robertsonianus) well supplied and well oxygenated, Middle Bathyal Biofacies (Uvigerina auberiana - Nuttallides rugosus) located within the oxygen minimum zone, uppermost Lower Bathyal Biofacies (Lagenammina difflugiformis - Uvigerina peregrina) and Lower Bathyal Biofacies (Paratrochammina challengeri - Parrelloides bradyi) from the relatively well oxygenated, but food limited environment. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Changes in the thermocline structure of the Indonesian outflow during Terminations I and II
Jian Xu, Ann Holbourn, Wolfgang Kuhnt, Zhimin Jian, Hiroshi Kawamura
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS, 273, 1-2, 152, 162, ELSEVIER, 2008年08月
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, We present centennial records of sea surface and upper thermocline temperatures in Core MD01-2378 from the Timor Sea, which provide new insights into the variability of the Indonesian outflow across the last two glacial terminations. Mg/Ca in Globigerinoides ruber (white s. s.) indicates an overall increase of 3.2 degrees C in sea surface temperature (SST) over Termination I. Following an early Holocene plateau at 11.3-6.4 ka, SSTs cooled by 0.6 degrees C during the middle to late Holocene (6.4-0.7 ka). The early Holocene warming occurred in phase with increasing northern hemisphere summer insolation, coinciding with northward displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, enhanced boreal summer monsoon and expansion of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool. Thermocline temperatures (Pulleniatina obliquiloculata Mg/Ca) gradually decreased from 24.5 to 21.5 degrees C since 10.3 ka, reflecting intensification of a cool thermocline throughflow. The vertical structure of the upper ocean in the Timor Sea evolved in similar fashion during the Holocene and MIS5e, although the duration of SST plateaux differed (11.3 to 6.4 ka in Termination I and from 129 to 119 ka in Termination 11), which was probably due to the more intense northern hemisphere summer insolation during MIS 5e. During both terminations, SST increased simultaneously in the southern high latitudes and the tropical eastern Indian Ocean, suggesting virtually instantaneous atmospheric climate feedbacks between the high and low latitudes. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The phylogenetic position of an unusual Protoperidinium species, P-bipes (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae), based on small and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences
Aika Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Kawamura, Takeo Horiguchi
PHYCOLOGIA, 46, 3, 270, 276, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2007年05月
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Protoperidinium bipes is a minute heterotrophic dinoflagellate with a very distinctive shape and a tabulation unique for the genus, resulting in its placement into the subgenus Minusculum. The small subunit rDNA and the large subunit rDNA sequences of this species were determined using the single-cell polymerase chain reaction technique and analyzed to estimate its phylogenetic position. The results of the phylogenetic analyses revealed that P. bipes positioned in the clade corresponding to the section Protoperidinium of the subgenus Protoperidinium. Although the species occasionally has been regarded to belong to a different genus, our molecular analysis clearly confirmed that it is a true member of the genus Protoperidinium. It was inferred from our analysis that the reduction of the number of precingular plates took place relatively recently during the course of evolution of Protoperidinium.

Distribution of recent benthic foraminifera on the Sunda Shelf (South China Sea)
Renata Szarek, Wolfgang Kuhnt, Hiroshi Kawamura, Hiroshi Kitazato
MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY, 61, 4, 171, 195, ELSEVIER, 2006年12月
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, In this study we investigate the species composition and spatial distribution patterns of Rose Bengal stained and unstained benthic foraminifera from the central part of the Sunda Shelf in the south-western South China Sea in relation to environmental factors. The uppermost centimetre of the surface sediments (> 150 mu m) from 45 sites from inner (60 m) to outer shelf (226 m) water depths revealed 584 species including 443 stained species.The univariate analyses of individual species abundances and community parameters and next canonical correspondence analysis were used to relate the faunal data to a set of measured environmental parameters. Four biofacies recognised on the Sunda Shelf are most strongly correlated to water depth, primary production and sediment type of the habitat. The inner shelf biofacies (CCA cluster A), defined by Ammomassilina alveoliniformis and Asterorotalia pulchella, occurs in fine grained sediments classified as modem terrigenous mud in the region with the highest primary production values. The high-energy inner shelf biofacies (CCA cluster B), defined by Heterolepa dutemplei and Textularia lythostrota, occurs in modem terrigenous sand and silt dominated sediments, northeast from the Natuna Island. The high-energy outer shelf biofacies (CCA cluster C), defined by Cibicidoides pachyderma and Textularia bocki, is sandwiched between assemblages of biofacies D. It occurs in the region characterised by neritic relict sand. In the shallow-waters on the Sunda Shelf the relationship of benthic foraminiferal faunal composition to grain size of sediments indirectly signals the prevailing bottom hydrodynamic conditions. The dominance of the epibenthic foraminifera attached to bigger particles (e.g. Cibicides lobatulus, Planulina arimiensis) and much higher abundances of empty tests suggest greater current velocities northeast of Natuna Island. The outer shelf biofacies (CCA cluster D) is defined by Facetocochlea pulchra and Bulimina marginata. It occurs in an area covered with modem terrigenous silt and mud and is characterised by lower annual primary production, but seasonally influenced by weak upwelling. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

A further phylogenetic study of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate genus, Protoperidinium (Dinophyceae) based on small and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences
Aika Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Kawamura, Takeo Horiguchi
PHYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 54, 4, 317, 329, WILEY, 2006年12月
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, The heterotrophic marine dinoflagellate genus Protoperidinium is the largest genus in the Dinophyceae. Previously, we reported on the intrageneric and intergeneric phylogenetic relationships of 10 species of Protoperidinium, from four sections, based on small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences. The present paper reports on the impact of data from an additional 5 species and, therefore, an additional two sections, using the SSU rDNA data, but now also incorporating sequence data from the large subunit (LSU) rDNA. These sequences, in isolation and in combination, were used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the genus. The LSU rDNA trees support a monophyletic genus, but the phylogenetic position within the Dinophyceae remains ambiguous. The SSU, LSU and SSU + LSU rDNA phylogenies support monophyly in the sections Avellana, Divergentia, Oceanica and Protoperidinium, but the section Conica is paraphyletic. Therefore, the concept of discrete taxonomic sections based on the shape of 1' plate and 2a plate is upheld by molecular phylogeny. Furthermore, the section Oceanica is indicated as having an early divergence from other groups within the genus. The sections Avellana and Excentrica and a clade combining the sections Divergentia/Protoperidinium derived from Conica-type dinoflagellates independently. Analysis of the LSU rDNA data resulted in the same phylogeny as that obtained using SSU rDNA data and, with increased taxon sampling, including members of new sections, a clearer idea of the evolution of morphological features within the genus Protoperidinium was obtained. Intraspecific variation was found in Protoperidinium conicum (Gran) Balech, Protoperidinium excentricum (Paulsen) Balech and Protoperidinium pellucidum Bergh based on SSU rDNA data and also in Protoperidinium claudicans (Paulsen) Balech, P. conicum and Protoperidinium denticulatum (Gran et Braarud) Balech based on LSU rDNA sequences. The common occurrence of base pair substitutions in P. conicum is indicative of the presence of cryptic species.

Climate variability and land-ocean interactions in the Indo Pacific Warm Pool: A 460-ka palynological and organic geochemical record from the Timor Sea
H Kawamura, A Holbourn, W Kuhnt
MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY, 59, 1, 1, 14, ELSEVIER, 2006年03月
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Climatic conditions in the western Timor Sea and the adjacent northwestern part of Australia are reconstructed for the last 460 ka, based oil geochemical and palynological proxy records of paleoproductivity and land vegetation (precipitation) from IMAGES Core MD01-2378. Reduced precipitation and elevated productivity characterize glacial stages, whereas enhanced precipitation and reduced productivity are typical of interglacial stages. A long-term reduction in precipitation over the last 320 ka occurred in two steps at approximately 300 ka and 180 ka BP that are clearly recognizable in the pollen record. Variations in paleoproductivity and paleoclimate in the Timor Sea and adjacent landmasses appear to be driven by similar mechanisms that are related to the precession-control led Australian monsoon system. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

Orbitally paced paleoproductivity variations in the Timor Sea and Indonesian Throughflow variability during the last 460 kyr
A Holbourn, W Kuhnt, H Kawamura, ZM Jian, P Grootes, H Erlenkeuser, J Xu
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, 20, 3, AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2005年07月
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, A high-resolution (similar to 1-2 kyr) multiproxy record from the Timor Sea in the easternmost Indian Ocean (International Marine Global Change (IMAGES) Program Core MD01-2378, latitude 13 degrees 04.95'S, longitude 121 degrees 47.27'E, 1783 m water depth) closely tracks changes in intermediate water ventilation and paleoproductivity over the last 460 kyr within one of the main outflow passages of the Indonesian Throughflow. Spectral analysis of five different flux-based productivity proxies indicates spectral power concentrated in the 100 kyr (glacial-interglacial) and the 23 kyr and 19 kyr (precessional) periods. Paleoproductivity maxima lead ice volume (benthic delta O-18) maxima by 20 degrees to 40 degrees (similar to 1300 to 2600 years) at the precession band. The spectral differences in tropical paleoproductivity records from the Pacific and Indian oceans suggest that local processes (wind and circulation patterns driven by insolation) are dominant in driving productivity rather than large-scale tropical features. In the Timor Sea, productivity fluctuations over the last 460 kyr were strongly influenced by monsoonal wind patterns offshore NW Australia (23 and 19 kyr) and were also modulated by sea level-related variations in the intensity of the Indonesian Throughflow (100 kyr).

Dinoflagellate cyst distribution along a shelf to slope transect of an oligotrophic tropical sea (Sunda Shelf, South China Sea)
H Kawamura
PHYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 52, 4, 355, 375, BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA, 2004年12月
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, From 51 surface samples collected along a shelf to slope transect of the Sunda Shelf, South China Sea, 36 taxa of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts are identified. Oligotrophic tropical shelf assemblages on the Sunda Shelf are dominated by gonyaulacoids such as Spiniferites species, Operculodinium centrocarpum and Operculodinium israelianum. Concentrations of dinoflagellate cysts in the shelf sediments are generally low and correlate well with the content of fine-grained (clay and silt fraction) sediments. Detailed comparisons of sediment grain-size distributions to concentrations of dominant dinoflagellate taxa (Spiniferites species, O. centrocarpum and O. israelianum) in the shelf sediments indicate that these taxa behave in water like sediment particles with size range phi 5.75-6.25 (13-18 mum). In contrast, slope assemblages in fine-grained sediments are dominated by protoperidinioids. This may reflect higher nutrient availability as a result of weak winter upwelling. The concentrations of dinoflagellate cysts in the shelf sediments are mainly controlled by transport and winnowing processes and are probably not representative of surface water conditions.

Morocco Basin's sedimentary record may provide correlations for cretaceous paleoceanographic events worldwide
Wolfgang Kuhnt, El Hassane Chellai, Ann Holbourn, Flonan Luderer, Jürgen Thurow, Thomas Wagner, Abderassak El Albani, Britta Beckmann, Jean Paul Herbin, Hiroshi Kawamura, Sadat Kolonic, Sandra Nederbragt, Chris Street, Kate Ravilious
Eos, 82, 33, 361, 364, 2001年
研究論文（学術雑誌）

Thematic Review Report Series No. 1 Understanding Climate Variability by Scientific Ocean Drilling: A Mid-term Review of IODP Achievements 2002-2005　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Hans Christian Larsen, Gabe M. Filippelli, Gerald Haug, David Hodell, Hodaka Kawahata, Hiroshi Kawamura, Ken Miller, Michael Schulz, Gerold Wefer, 2008年

Cruise Report SO185, Vital – Variability of the Indonesian throughflow and Australasian climate history of the last 150000 years, Darwin-Jakarta, September 15 2005 – October 06 2005　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Kuhnt, Wolfgang / Blümel, Martina / Boch, Ronny / Dewi, Kresna Tri / da Costa Monteiro, Francisco / Dürkop, Anke / Hanebuth, Till / Heidemann, Ulrich / Holbourn, Ann / Jian, Zhimin / van der Kaars, Sander / Kawamura, Hiroshi / Kawohl, Helmut / Nürnberg, Dirk / Opdyke, Bradley / Petersen, Asmus / Regenberg, Marcus / Rosenthal, Yair / Rühlemann, Carsten / Sadekov, Alexej / Salomon, Brigitte / Tian, Jun / Xu, Jian / Zuraida, Rina, 2006年

独立栄養性渦鞭毛藻と従属栄養性渦鞭毛藻のステロール組成の違い
天羽 美紀, 鈴木 徳行, 山口 愛果, 河村 裕, 高野 義人, 堀口 健雄, 日本地球化学会年会要旨集, 52, 236, 236, 2005年
本研究では、渦鞭毛藻バイオマーカーの独立栄養と従属栄養の渦鞭毛藻間での違いを明らかにするために、天然および培養により得られた独立栄養および従属栄養の渦鞭毛藻のバイオマーカー分析を行った。その結果、dinosterolが従属栄養のものでは他の独立栄養の渦鞭毛藻に比べて約10倍の高濃度で検出された。このことから、dinosterolから渦鞭毛藻の生産量を求める際には独立栄養と従属栄養の渦鞭毛藻の割合を求める必要があることが示唆された。また、独立栄養と従属栄養の渦鞭毛藻のステロール組成を比較した結果、従属栄養の渦鞭毛藻ではC31 4α-methylstanolが検出された。独立栄養性の渦鞭毛藻からはこれは検出されなかったため、従属栄養の渦鞭毛藻が特異的に合成している可能性が示唆された。, 一般社団法人日本地球化学会

単離培養海洋性藻類から放出される非メタン炭化水素の相対組成および炭素同位体組成の定量
井尻 暁, 小松 大祐, 山口 潤子, 河村 裕, 山口 愛果, 田村 舞子, 堀口 建雄, 中川 書子, 角皆 潤, 日本地球化学会年会要旨集, 52, 88, 88, 2005年
海洋から放出される非メタン炭化水素の生成経路を考察するために、複数の海洋性藻類を単離培養し、温度、光照射量などの実験条件を制御した状態で個々の生物種から発生する非メタン炭化水素の成分組成、炭素安定同位体比を定量した。この結果、生物種ごとに放出される非メタン炭化水素の成分組成は有意に異なり、珪藻からは飽和炭化水素全般の放出が活発であり、渦鞭毛藻およびクリプト藻からは、不飽和炭化水素とC4飽和炭化水素の放出が盛んであることが明らかになった。また、珪藻から放出された飽和炭化水素の炭素同位体比は海洋（西部北太平洋）の実測値と一致した。, 一般社団法人日本地球化学会

第四紀古海洋指標としての渦鞭毛藻シスト (特集:環境を記録する生物2)
河村 裕, 地質ニュース, 576, 31, 36, 2002年08月
実業公報社, 日本語

Cruise report SONNE 140 Südmeer III: Berichte-Reports, Geol.-Paläont. Inst. Univ. Kiel　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Wiesner, M, Stattegger, K, Kuhnt, W, Arpa, C, Bracker, E, Catane, S, de Leon, M, Duyanen, J, Faber, U, Gerbich, C, Hess, S, Holbourn, A, Jagodzinski, R, Kaminski, M, Kawamura, H, 7, 1, 157, 1999年

Cruise Report SONNE 115 SUNDAFLUT: Berichte-Reports, Geol.-Paläont. Inst. Univ. Kiel　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Stattegger, K, Kuhnt, W, Wong, H.K, Bühring, C, Haft, C, Hanebuth, T, Kawamura, H, Kienast, M, Lorenc, S, Lotz, B, üdmann, T, Lurati, M, Mühlhan, N, Paulsen, A.-M, Pracht, J, Putar-Roberts, A, Hung, N.Q, Richter, A, Salomon, B, Schimanski, A, Steinke, S, Szarek, R, Nhan, N.V, Weinelt, M, Winguth, C, 86, 1, 211, 1997年