Asano Shinichiro

Research Faculty of Agriculture Fundamental AgriScience Research Applied BioscienceProfessor
Last Updated :2026/03/03

■Researcher basic information

Researchmap personal page

Research Keyword

  • cry遺伝子
  • Bacillus thuringiensis
  • 結晶タンパク質遺伝子
  • コガネムシ
  • 殺虫性結晶タンパク質
  • 殺線虫活性cry遺伝子
  • BBMV
  • cry gene
  • cryBPl遺伝子
  • cry 1遺伝子
  • B.popilliae
  • cryB28遺伝子
  • delta-エンドトキシン
  • promoter
  • 殺鱗翅目活性
  • 分離株
  • vector
  • 殺コガネムシ活性
  • B.thuringiensis
  • 殺線虫活性
  • cry2遺伝子
  • バインディングアッセイ
  • N末端解析
  • ウエスタンブロット
  • バチルスチューリンゲンシス
  • ICP遺伝子
  • バチルス・チューリンゲンシス(BT)
  • 殺虫性タンパク
  • 昆虫ウイルス
  • デンソウイルス
  • 昆虫病理学
  • Insect Pathology Applied Entomology

Research Field

  • Environmental science/Agricultural science, Entomology, Insect Pathology

Educational Organization

■Career

Career

  • Apr. 2021 - Present
    Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Agriculture Research Faculty of Agriculture, Professor, Japan
  • 2010 - 2012
    北海道大学 (連合)農学研究科(研究院), 准教授
  • Apr. 1999 - Mar. 2007
    Associate Professor
  • 2007
    - 農学部 准教授

Educational Background

  • 1989, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Agriculture, 農業生物学科, Japan
  • 1989, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Agriculture

■Research activity information

Awards

  • Mar. 2016, 日本蚕糸学会, 日本蚕糸学会賞               
    浅野 眞一郎

Papers

Other Activities and Achievements

Books and other publications

  • バイオロジカル・コントロール-害虫管理と天敵の生物学-               
    朝倉書店, 2009

Affiliated academic society

  • より               
  • より2000年4月まで               
  • Society Invertebrate Pathology               
  • 日本応用動物昆虫学会               
  • 日本蚕糸学会               
  • Society Invertebrate Pathology               
  • The Japanease Society of Sericultural Science               

Research Themes

  • Evaluation of Biological Control of Oryctes Rhinoceros beetle contributes to the protection of palms in the Pacific Ocean
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    07 Oct. 2021 - 31 Mar. 2025
    仲井 まどか, 浅野 眞一郎, 坂本 卓磨
    タイワンカブトムシ(別名サイカブトムシ:Oryctes rhinoceros)は、ヤシ類の害虫である。本種の防除には、1970年代から1980年代にかけて天敵ウイルス(Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus: OrNV) を用いた防除が実施され、南太平洋のフィジーなどではヤシの被害を抑えることに成功した。しかし、2007年にグアム(米国)にウイルス抵抗性のハプロタイプ(Gタイプ)が侵入したことが報告され、その後もGタイプの侵入が、パプアニューギニア、ソロモン諸島、ハワイなどに拡大していることから太平洋州の各国でヤシ類の植物保護において大きな脅威になっている。また、パラオにはGタイプとそれ以外のハプロタイプ(Sタイプ)が混在しておりヤシの被害も少ない。本研究は、Gタイプの害虫としての特徴と天敵ウイルスを用いた生物的防除の機構を解明することによりその防除の成否を決定する要因の解明を目的とする。本研究において国際共同研究を強化することにより、太平洋州全域のヤシ林の保護を実現させることを目指している。
    2021年度は、新型コロナウイルス感染拡大のため、GタイプおよびSタイプの輸入ができなかった。そこで、天敵ウイルスによる本種の防除メカニズムの解明について研究を行った。具体的には、幼虫および成虫に対するウイルス接種法の検討を行った。接種方法が確立できれば、宿主のステージごとのウイルス伝播率を定量化することができる。室内実験においてウイルスの伝播率が、幼虫から幼虫、幼虫から成虫、成虫から幼虫、成虫から成虫のどのステージごとにどれだけ伝播するか比較できれば、 OrNVを用いた生物的防除の成否を決定するメカニズムの解明に繋がる。また、培養細胞を用いたウイルス増殖を検討した。さらに、沖縄県において採集したタイワンカブトムシを大量飼育し、生物検定の基盤確立を行った。
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint International Research (B)), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 21KK0111
  • Factors associated with occurrence of novel biotype of Oryctes rhinoceros resistant against nudiviruses
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    01 Apr. 2017 - 31 Mar. 2021
    Nakai Madoka
    Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) is a pest of coconut palms and oil palms. Natural enemy of this species, nudivirus, was used to control this species in the 1970s and 1980s, and succeeded in reducing damage to palms in the South Pacific including Fiji. However, in 2007, it was reported that a haplotype (a strain of the same species with a different genotype), in which the virus is ineffective, invaded Guam (USA), and since then this G-type has been expanding its distribution to Palau, Hawaii, Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, and other countries. In this study, we isolated natural enemy viruses from Palau populations in order to search for virus strains that could be used to control the G-type.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 17H04622
  • Functional genomics on in vivo fitness of BmNPV
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    01 Apr. 2015 - 31 Mar. 2017
    Hisanori Bando, ASANO SHINICHIRO
    Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) H4 that had genome sharing high sequence similarity (approx. 97%) with that of the type strain of BmNPV T3 showed marked growth advantage in silkworm larvae. Studies using chimeric recombinant BmNPV between H4 and T3 demonstrated that a viral membrane protein gene gp64 as a determinant in the in vivo fitness of BmNPV H4. Further analyses identified amino acid positions involved in the BmNPV H4 phenotype of efficient growth in silkworm larvae. These results suggested the possibility to control growth ability of BmNPV in silkworm larvae by gp64-targetted genome manipulation.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research, Hokkaido University, 15K14891
  • Elucidation of insecticidal activity mechanism of B. thuringiensis Cry44Aa toxin
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    2014 - 2016
    ASANO SHINICHIRO
    I have been conducting research aiming at elucidating the insecticidal activity mechanism of Cry44Aa toxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis entomocidus INA 288, which is known to have highly insecticidal activity against Aedes aegypti and Culex pippins which intermediate tropical infectious diseases. As a result of research for Cry44Aa toxin receptor molecules in A. aegypti which play an important role in insecticidal activity mechanism, alkaline phosphatase and ABC transferase were identified as candidate molecules.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Hokkaido University, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding, 26450463
  • Mechanisms of Dual Control using Entomopathogenic Fungi and Bacteria
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    01 Apr. 2012 - 31 Mar. 2015
    MASNAORI Koike, AIUCHI Daigo, ASANO Shin-ichiro, MASUDA Toshio, SEKINE Muneyuki
    Fungal entomopathogens have been widely investigated as biological control agents of pest insects in attempts to improve the sustainability of crop protection. Simultaneous biological control of both insect pests and plant pathogens (dual control) has been reported for the hypocrealean fungal entomopathogens, Beauveria bassiana, Metharizium spp. and Lecanicillium spp. And accumulating evidence shows that Beauveria spp. can colonize a wide array of plant species endophytically. Furthermore, traits that are important for insect pathogenicity are also involved in pathogenicity to plant pathogen and plant pathogenic nematode.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 24380174
  • Development of new BT agents and Coleoptera adult insecticidal activity mechanism
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    2010 - 2012
    ASANO Shinichiro
    To find the novel Cry toxin with specific insecticidal activity in adult Coleoptera pests, we were screening by PCR and Bioassay from our B. thuringiensis strains’ library. As microbial control agent against Coleoptera adults to conduct for the scarab beetle adult and leaf beetles adult of Cry8D toxin, and to elucidate the insecticidal activity mechanism adult-specific, is a flame pest control, I develop a new BT agents.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Hokkaido University, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding, 22580056
  • 病原微生物を用いた害虫防除               
    科学研究費補助金
    2008 - 2012
    Competitive research funding
  • Microbiol Pest Management               
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    2008 - 2012
    Competitive research funding
  • 殺虫性結晶タンパク質産生菌の分子生物学的研究               
    共同研究
    2008
    Competitive research funding
  • Research for molecilar biology of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein               
    Cooperative Research
    2008
    Competitive research funding
  • Molecular Basis for Safety Assessment of Microbial Pesticides
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    2003 - 2006
    BANDO Hisanori, ASANO Shinichiro, SAHARA Ken
    Baculovirus and Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) are used as microbial pesticides all over the world and the former also provide a most efficient foreign gene expression system in eukaryotes (baculovector system). We studied the molecular basis in the safety of these entomopathogenic microorganisms. Recent studies demonstrated that a baculovirus (AcMNPV) can enter the nucleus of mammalian cells independently of the cell cycle without multiplication and effectively express foreign genes without expressing its own genes, suggesting that the baculovirus can be used as a low risk viral vector in the field of gene therapy. Contrary to the general perception, we elucidated that AcMNPV expressed viral genes at least partly in mammalian cells through the usual infection pathway. In addition, the expression of cellular gene (at least β-actin) was upregulated in the mammalian cells inoculated with AcMNPV. However, the expression of viral genes was inhibited to low level in mammalian cells partly by histone deacetylation mechanism and further the transcription of some viral genes started at incorrect site(s).
    As for the B. thuringiensis (Bt) strains, we investigated mainly the mechanisms of Vero cell toxicity by non-hemolytic enterotoxin C (NheC) that was thought to be the most important enterotoxin causing food-poisoning. It was elucidated that NheC secreted from a clinical isolate of B. cereus (Bc) strain possessing Vero cell toxicity could attach to the surface of Vero cells through the N-terminal region of 30 amino acids. On the other hand, the corresponding N-terminal region was truncated possibly by post-translational cleavage in the NheC secreted from Bt strains used in the commercial products. In addition, the N-terminal truncated from of NheC didn't show Vero cell toxicity any more.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Hokkaido University, 15208006
  • A New approach to the practical use of insect-tolerant lines of sugar beet via foreign gene transfer
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    1999 - 2002
    KANAZAWA Akira, IKEGUCHI Shojiro, ASANO Shin-ichiro
    The larvae of cabbage armyworm (Mamestra brassicae L.) bring heavy damage on the final yield of beet-roots and subsequently, sugar production, by eating stems and leaves of sugar beet plants. In order to establish sugar beet cultivars that are tolerant to insects including cabbage armyworm, we have been developing transgenic sugar beet lines harboring cryIA(b), a gene encoding insecticide protein from Bacillus thuringiensis. In the present study, based on the results so far obtained, we tried to make transgenic sugar beet lines that show increased insecticide activity aiming at practical use of the transgenic lines. First, we introduced cryIC into sugar beet plants and analyzed the effect of its expression. We chose cryIC from various candidates of insecticide protein genes, since its gene product showed highest insecticide activity against cabbage armyworm among various insecticide proteins that were obtained by expressing cloned genes in E. coli. Meanwhile, reports were published that described that the introduction of insecticide protein genes into chloroplast gave increased accumulation of the protein and consequently, gave increased insecticide activity of plants. We, therefore, developed vectors available for chloroplast transformation and selection system of transformed chloroplast in order to introduce insecticide protein genes into sugar beet chloroplasts. We also succeeded in introducing several genes practically useful for sugar beet production and evaluated the effect of gene expression. In addition, we analyzed the stability of the expression of foreign genes in plant cells in order to make sure their experssion.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 11356001
  • Analysis of novel insecticidal crystal protein genes from B.thuringiensis and application of biological insecticide
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(基盤研究(B))
    1999 - 2000
    飯塚 敏彦, Shin-ichiro ASANO, 浅野 眞一郎, Ken SAHARA
    1. Screening of a scarab-cidal B.thuringiensis (1999)In order to find of a scarab-cidal B.thuringiensis, we were screening our B.thuringiensis stocks.2. Analysis of the scarab-cidal B.thuringiensis strain (gallariae BBT2-8)(2000)We found the scarab-cidal Bt.BBT2-8, then we cloned the crystal protein genes (cryB28 gene) have a scarab-cidal activity. This cryB28 gene was expressed in E.coli and acrystariferous B.thuringiensis strain (BT51). The expression products had a highly activity against scarabe.3. Screening of a nematoda-cidal B.thuringiensis (1999-2000)In order to find of a nematoda-cidal B.thuringiensis, we were screening our B.thuringiensis stocks by using PCR.We could not find nematodacidal B.thuringiensis strains.4. Screening of novel lepidopteran-cidal B.thuringiensis (1999)In order to find of novel lepidopteran-cidal B.thuringiensis, we were screening our B.thuringiensis stocks. We picked up the novel lepidopteran acitive Bt strain (wuhanensis), then we cloned the novel cry1 gene (cry1Db1) from wuhanensis have insecticidal activities against Spodoptera litura, Plutella xylostella and Bombyx mori.
    Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, 基盤研究(B), 北海道大学, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding, 11460026
  • コガネムシに殺虫活性を有するB.popilliaeの結晶タンパク質遺伝子解析
    科学研究費補助金(萌芽的研究)
    1998 - 1999
    浅野 眞一郎
    当該研究者は既に、北海道のゴルフ場にて数種のコガネムシを採取して、そこからB.popilliae菌株(3菌株、var.Mame,var.Hime,var.Sakura)を分離し、それらのB.popilliae菌株の結晶タンバク質を解析した。各菌株の結晶タンパク質のSDS-PAGEによる解析の結果、それぞれの菌株が約80kDaのペプチドからなる結晶タンパク質を産生していることが明らかとなった。そこで、var.Mame株の80kDaのペプチドのN末端アミノ酸配列の解析(10残基)を行った。その結果、報告されている、B.popilliae由来のタンパク質との相同性は認められなかった。既に報告されている、B.popilliae由来の結晶タンパク質遺伝子(cryBP1:cry18A)に特異なオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーを合成し、B.popilliae菌株のcry遺伝子の検索をPCR法を用いて行った。各種プライマーを用いてcry遺伝子検索を行った結果、これらのB.popilliae菌株が、報告されているcryBP1遺伝子を有しないことが明らかとなった。これらのB.popilliae菌株の有するcry遺伝子をクローニングするため、cryBP1遺伝子の上流域に存在するorf1に注目し、このorf1の塩基配列を基にDNAプライマーを作成した。そのプライマーを用いて、B.popilliae var popilliae株のゲノムDNAをテンプレートとして、PCR法によって約300bpの断片が増幅された。この増幅された断片を解析したところ、orf1と高い相同性が認められた。現在は、この増幅されたDNA断片の上・下流域のクローニングを進めている。
    文部科学省, 萌芽的研究, 北海道大学, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding, 10876010
  • Studies on Development of Efficient Transgenic System for Alien Gene of Insecticidal Protein in Sugarbeet
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    1997 - 1999
    SHIMAMOTO Yoshiya, KANAZAWA Akira, ASANO Shinichiro, SANO Yoshio
    1)Development of chloroplast transgenic system in sugarbeet
    We have progressed to develop a chloroplast transgenic system in sugarbeet in which is introduced cry genes to chloroplast genome and produce efficiently insecticidal crystal protein (ICP) in chloroplast. Plasmid carrying selective factor (aadA), marker factor (GUS), promoter (rrn) and terminator (rps 16) was incorporated into disc tissue of shoot of sugarbeet by microprojectile bombardment. In the tissue culture regeneration plant has not achieved. Repeatedly plasmid was constructed and incorporated into the sugarbeet.
    2)Development of concentration system of protein upon organelle in sugarbeet
    We have progressed to develop a concentration system of toxic protein upon organelle in sugarbeet. Base sequence coding transit peptide to chloroplast was cloned from tobacco plant and was linked with position of N terminal in GUS gene. Thus the plasmid was constructed and introduced into sugarbeet by Agrobacterium method.
    3)Expression of cry gene in transformant sugarbeet
    Several transformants carrying cryIA(b) were detected by PCR southern, ICP analysis and PCR southern blotting in half of plants regenerating after procedure of Agrobacterium method. Several leaves of these transformants were supplied for cabbage armyworm with the third larva age. Larva of cabbage armyworm was able to grow normally on leaves with non-cry gene and not to grow on several leaves of transformant.
    4)Screening for efficient cry gene to produce insecticidal protein
    Screening for efficient cry gene to produce insecticidal protein was conducted for cabbage armyworm. CryIC gene has more insecticidal ability than cryIA(b) in larva of cabbage armyworm.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 09460001
  • BT菌株への殺虫性タンパク質遺伝子導入ベクターの開発
    科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(C))
    1996 - 1996
    浅野 真一郎
    B.thuringiensisにおけるinsecticidal crystal protein(ICP)の発現制御機構が近年、いろいろなICP遺伝子について行われてきた。研究代表者は、B.thuringiensisのICP遺伝子発現ベクターを構築し、各種ICPを発現させることが可能となった。また、B.thuringiensis菌株から各ICP遺伝子のプロモーターをクローニングし(cry1A遺伝子プロモーター、cry2A遺伝子プロモーター、cry3A遺伝子プロモーター、cry4A遺伝子プロモーター等)各種プロモーター制御下でのそれぞれのICP遺伝子の発現制御機構について解析した。cry1Aとcry4A遺伝子に関しては、そのプロモーターでの発現制御機構が、詳細に調べられているがcry2A遺伝子に関してはこの遺伝子のプロモーター制御下でのICP遺伝子発現制御機構は調べられていなかった。cry2A遺伝子プロモーター発現制御機構を調査した結果、cry2A遺伝子の発現は、その上流域に存在する2つのorfの上流に存在するB.thuringiensisの他のcry遺伝子にも共通して見られる、BtIプロモーター制御下で発現されることがプライマーエクステンション法を用いた調査で明かとなった。crylA遺伝子プロモーターの発現制御機構と併せて、新たにcry2A遺伝子プロモーター発現制御機構について本実験で明らかにし、B.thuringiensis遺伝子導入ベクターを2種類構築することができた。
    文部科学省, 基盤研究(C), 北海道大学, Competitive research funding, 08660063
  • Molecular mechanism on the replication of Bombyx densovirus
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    1995 - 1996
    BANDO Hisanori, SAHARA Ken, ASANO Shinichiro
    Bombyx mori denso nucleosis virus (Yamanashi isolate ; BmDNV-2) is a small spherical virus with a bi-partite genome. In this study, to elucidate the nature of BmDNV-2, the viral DNA replication mechanism, genome organization and function of viral proteins were investigated. Analysis of the replicative intermediates (RI) of the viral DNA suggested the self-priming and hairpin-transfer model for parvovirus replication could not be applied to the replication of BmDNV-2. Nucleotide sequencing studies of the genomic DNAs showed that, unlike BmDNV-1 and the other parvoviruses the BmDNV-2 terminal sequences did not contained the large palindromic sequence which could form a stable hairpin structure. This was confirmed by the secondary structure prediction using a computer analyzes program. These results also suggested that the BmDNV-2 had a unique replication mechanisms other than the self-priming and hairpin-transfer mechanism.
    Furthermore, the sequence analyzes elucidated that the BmDNV-2 genome contained 6 major open reading frames (ORFs), 4 ORFs in VD1 and 2in VD2. Immunochemical studies demonstrated that the major four viral structural proteins (VP1,2,3 and 4) were encoded in the ORF2 of VD1. Followingly, the functions of the nonstructural proteins (NSPs) were investigated by transient expression assay using the luciferase as a reporter. The NSPs, p37 and p14 which were encoded in ORF3 and4 of VD1, respectively, transactivated the tentative promoter sequence for the major structural protein gene, suggesting that these proteins were concerned in the regulation of the expression fo structural proteins. In addition, p27 which was an NSP encoded in VD2 could transactivate all of the viral promoters implying that p27 is a key regulatory protein in the BmDNV-2 replication.
    In conclusion, this study elucidated the genome structure and the genome organization of the BmDNV-2. The results revealed that the BmDNV-2 is a new type of single-stranded DNA virus with a unique replication mechanism which was different from those of parvoviruses. Furthermore, the functional analyzes of the viral proteins suggested that the viral gene expression was regulated in the complicated manner by the proteins encoded in viral DNAs. And, p27 will be a key regulatory protein in the replication of the BmDNV-2 and may be one of the factor concerning in the determination of the host specificity.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 07456032
  • DNA probe synthesize for identification of cry genes from Bacillus thuringiensis which has a broad spectrum in the insecticidal crystal protein.
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    1994 - 1996
    IIZUKA Toshihiko, SAHARA Ken, ASANO Shinichiro, BANDO Hisanori
    Becillus thuringiensis produces parasporal crystal protein which has insecticidal activity. This protein has been expressed by cry genes from B.thuringiensis. In the research. origonucleotide primers were synthesized depending on each cry gene specific region and DNA probes were prepared by PCR method. According to apply this method. cry genes from B.thuringiensis were easily and quickly isolated and identified.
    We have also isolated B.thuringiensis strains from soil samples in Hokkaido and Indonesia. Cry genes from these isolates were identified by using PCR method and a couple of novel cry genes were analyzed for nucleotide sequencing. By the result. cryV gene which has both of Lepidopteracidal and Coleopteracidal activities were found from serovar kurstaki INA-02. These results should be applied for microbial control agents in the near future.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 06404010
  • Isolation of BT and analysis of ICP gene in Indonesia.
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    1995 - 1995
    IIZUKA Toshihiko, HASTOWO Sugyo, LAY Bibiana W., SAHARA Ken, ASANO Shinichiro, BANDO Hisanori
    Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)is a gram-positive soil bacterium distinguished from other bacilli by its production of insecticidal protein. Because of their strong insecticidal activity and highly restricted host specificity, Bt has been used for microbiological control of plant-destroying insect. Recently, new Bts with unique characteristic traits have been isolated from various area in the world. Aim of our project is to isolate Bts with unique characteristics from Indonesia where is the habitant of huge number of insect species. In the last two years, we isolated many Bts from the soil collected from more than 50 areas in Indonesia. This year, we tried to obtain further Bts with unique properties from the areas where we have been able to obtain Bts before and characterized them.
    We newly obtained 17 Bt strains from 6 areas including forests and sericultural farms, resulting in obtaining more than 80 Bt isolates in the three years-collaboration. In the H-serotyping, the isolates were classified into three subspecies, alesti, kenyae and indiana. It was demonstrated by the following researches such as analysis of ICP by SDS-PAGE,ICP gene-typing by PCR method established in our Lab, and bio-assay of the host specificity that our Bt collection contained three unique isolates which had never been reported. The results from the studies on the properties of these three unique Bt isolates lead us to the tentative conclusions that the minor mutation in the ICP gene results in the change of host specificity and that there is new ICP gene which has quite different nucleotide sequence in nature.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research, Hokkaido University, 07044173
  • Isolation of BT and analysis of ICP gene in Indonesia.
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    1993 - 1994
    IIZUKA Toshihiko, LAY Bibiana w., SAHARA Ken, ASANO Shinichiro, BANDO Hisanori
    Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) is known as the bacteria group which produces the insecticidal crystal proteins (ICP) and has been used for microbiological control of plant-destroying insect because of its highly restricted host specificity. Nowadays, new Bts with unique characteristic traits have been isolated from various areas in the world. Aim of our project is to isolate Bts from some areas in Indonesia where is a habitant of huge numbers of insect species. In the last year, we isolated many Bts from the soil under big trees as reported. This year, we tried to obtain further Bts from several areas and studied its biological characteristics.
    As a result, we obtained more than 30 BT isolates form about 50 areas containing forest and sericultural field. In the H-serotyping, the isolates were classified into subspp. thuringiensis, sotto, darmstadiensis, aizawai but some were untypable. In the two years-collaboration, we obtained more than 60 BT isolates already and analyzed gene construction especially on crystal protein (cry) gene by PCR method established in our laboratory. Furthermore, the host specificity of the isolates were studied. The results of the experiments showed that the classification by H-serotype is not always reflected in the grouping of BT by its host spectrum. For example, some isolates obtained from Indonesia had the insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura but it was classified into subsp. kurstaki which was a group of BT without insecticidal activity against the insect. One of those isolates, INA02, had the cryV gene which seemed to have an activity against S.litura. Then we cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of the cryV gene of INA02.
    On the other hand, we found another new type of BT which had the insecticidal activity against Aedes japonicus. We identified a cryII gene in this isolate (SKW isolate) which showed the sequence homology to the cryIIA gene. The function of this gene is under investigation. Another isolate (INA67) which was classified into subspp. tenebrionis showed the insecticidal activity against a coleoptera. However, this isolate contained no cryIII or V gene which were reported as the coleopteracidal crystal protein genes.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research, Hokkaido University, 05044116
  • 家蚕中腸上皮細胞上のdelta-エンドトキシン受容体に対するモノクローナル抗体作製
    科学研究費補助金(奨励研究(A))
    1993 - 1993
    浅野 眞一郎, 浅野 真一郎
    家蚕中腸上皮細胞上に存在する、Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.sottoのdelta-エンドトキシンにたいする受容体についてまず解析を進めた。まず家蚕中腸の組織切片を作成し、切片上にてdelta-エンドトキシンとのバインディングアッセイを行ったところ、家蚕中腸上皮細胞にdelta-エンドトキシンに強い親和性を持つ受容体が存在していることが明らかとなった。Wolfersbergerらの方法に従い、Mg/EDTA沈殿と分画遠心法によって調整した家蚕中腸からBrush border membrane vesicle(BBMV)を調整し、SDS-P AGEによる分画の後、ウエスタンブロットしsotto由来のdelta-エンドトキシンとのバインディングアッセイによる解析によって、BBMV由来の幾つかの分画のバンドとバインディングが認められた。その中でも役130kdalのバンドに強いバインディングが認められたので、そのバンドの分画をSDS-ポリカクリルアミドゲルから切り出して電気泳動的にその分画のペプチドを回収した。その回収した分画のペプチドとdelta-エンドトキシンとをco-incubateし十分にそのペプチドとdelta-エンドトキシンとバインディングさせた後、ウェスタンブロットしたBBMV分画とのバインディングアッセイを行ったところ、バインディングが押さえられていることが明らかとなった。よって、家蚕中腸BBMVをSDS-PAGEによって分画して、ゲルから回収し、その回収した分画をマウスに皮下接種して現在免疫化している。それによって得られた抗体を用いて、家蚕BBMVとsotto由来のdelta-エンドトキシンとのバインディングを阻害することができるかを確かめるつもりである。
    文部科学省, 奨励研究(A), 北海道大学, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding, 05856008
  • 家蚕濃核病ウイルスの遺伝子構造と増殖機構
    科学研究費助成事業
    1992 - 1992
    伴戸 久徳, 浅野 真一郎
    家蚕濃核病ウイルスには現在、伊那株(BmDNV-1)と山梨株(BmDNV-2)に代表される2種類のウイルスが存在し、これらは品種特異性などの点で著しく異なっている。本研究ではこれらのウイルスの違いを分子生物学的な基盤に於いて明らかにするとともに、濃核病発生予防のための基礎的情報を得る目的で以下の実験を行った。
    BmDNV-1はすでにその遺伝子構造及び複製様式からパルボウイルスに属する事が判明している。ところが、BmDNV-2に於いてはゲノム末端にヘアピン構造は認められず複製様式に於いてパルボウイルスとは異なっている事が推定された。本ウイルスの分類上の位置づけを明瞭にするためにはウイルスDNAの遺伝情報に関して明らかにする必要がある。そこで2種類のゲノムDNA(VD1,VD2)の塩基配列の解析を行った。まず、VD2に関してその全塩基配列を決定した。VD2は約6000塩基からなりその塩基組成には片寄りがみられた。すなわち末端領域は非常にG-Crichでありそれ以外の領域は逆に非常にA-Trichであった。また、本配列には少なくとも2個の大きなオープン・リーディング・フレーム(ORF)が認められ、これらは別々のDNA鎖に存在した。これらのORFにコードされるタンパク質に関して解析を進めるためそれらに対するペプチド抗体を作成中である。VD1に於いてもVD2同様塩基配列の片寄りが認められた。現在、遺伝情報の解析中である。以上の結果は、BmDNV-2がこれまで知られているDNVとは全く異なるタイプのウイルスである事を示している。一方、BmDNV-1とBmDNV-2に於いて明かとなった塩基配列を基に合成したオリゴヌクレオチドを用いたPCR法の応用を検討したところ、極めてて高感度でそれぞれの塩基配列が検出可能であり、この方法の診断及び疫学への応用が可能であると考えられた。
    日本学術振興会, 一般研究(C), 北海道大学, 04660057
  • Analysis of nucleotide sequence of insecticidal crystal protein (ICP) gene which shows highly activity against Lepidoptera insect.
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    1991 - 1992
    IIZUKA Toshihiko, KIKUTA Harunori, ASANO Shinichiro, BANDO Hisanori
    A insecticidal crystal protein (ICP) produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (BT), which shows highly activity against the Lepidopteran insect, should be studied from the following two ways:
    1. Newly isolation and identification of BT. : Newly BT isolates from soil samples which were collected in the natural conserved area, were identified by routine technique of H-serotype and by newly developed technique depending on agarose gel electrophoresis of cryl genes. After oligo-primers designed by a specific domain were synthesized, these cryI genes were amplified by PCR method with template DNA from BT subspecies. The newly identification technique was very effective in order to clear a high active strain comparing with already known BT strains.
    2. Nucleotide sequence analysis of ICP genes. : BT subsp. wuhanensis has been known as high active strain against the silkworm and the cabbage moth. According to a report of Iizuka et al. (1993), subsp. wuhanensis has included cryIA(b), cryIA(c) and cryID genes. In this study, the nucleotide sequence of cryIA(b) was analyzed and compared with another cryIA(b) genes from subspp. thuringiensis berliner 1715 and kurstaki HD-2. The differentiation of amino acid composition between wuhanensis and HD-2 was only one within a active domain. A regulatory mechanisms of each protein expression encoded by three genes was in progressed.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University, 03454058

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