研究者情報

マスター

アカウント（マスター）

• 氏名

  工藤　秀明(クドウ　ヒデアキ), クドウ　ヒデアキ

所属（マスター）

• 水産科学研究院　海洋生物資源科学部門　海洋共生学分野

所属（マスター）

• 水産科学研究院　海洋生物資源科学部門　海洋共生学分野

独自項目

syllabus

• 2021, Introduction to Fisheries Sciences Ⅰ（水産科学汎論Ⅰ）, Introduction to Fisheries Sciences Ⅰ, 修士課程, 水産科学院, 水産科学，海洋生物学，生物多様性，生物資源, 環境, 資源探査, 漁業技術, 持続可能性, 環境保全, 養殖, 遺伝学, 生命工学, 微生物学, 化学，食糧科学,生物安全性
• 2021, 海洋共生学特論Ⅱ, Advanced Interdisciplinary Sustainability Studies Ⅱ, 修士課程, 水産科学院, 地域特異的水産資源，循環型生物生産，社会連携，海洋生態系保全，水産政策，自然共生社会
• 2021, 海洋共生学特論Ⅰ, Advanced interdisciplinary Sustainability Studies Ⅰ, 修士課程, 水産科学院, 地域特異的水産資源，持続可能性海洋産業，社会連携、水産政策，自然共生型社会
• 2021, 環境と人間, Environment and People, 学士課程, 全学教育, サケ、回遊、人工ふ化放流、分類、気候変化、資源変動、生活史、個体群密度効果、生物多様性、バイオロギング、母川回帰、嗅覚、物質循環、海水適応、ゲノム、性統御、始原生殖細胞、流通、食品，機能性素材、アスタキサンチン，考古学、先住民族、市民運動
• 2021, 海藻学, Applied Biology of Seaweeds, 学士課程, 水産学部, 海藻、褐藻、紅藻、緑藻、生活史、生殖、形態形成、胞子体、配偶体、多様性、栽培、食文化
• 2021, 海洋生物科学Ⅰ, Marine Biological Science Ⅰ, 学士課程, 水産学部, 海洋生物，遺伝，分子生物学，機能，生理学，構造，細胞生物学，解剖組織学
• 2021, 地域資源科学, Marine Science of Regional Resources, 学士課程, 水産学部, 地域特異的水産資源，海洋生物，自然共生型社会，海洋共生型産業，機能性，ライフサイクル，持続可能性，水産政策，地域振興
• 2021, 海洋資源科学実験Ⅱ, Laboratory Work on Marine Resources Ⅱ, 学士課程, 水産学部, 水の動き・成層・対流・水温・塩分・数値モデル・移流・拡散・水産生物・形態・分類・生態・国際環境管理・政策・水産経済
• 2021, 卒業研究, Graduation Work, 学士課程, 水産学部, 卒論
• 2021, 海洋生物科学論文講読, Seminar on Marine Biology, 学士課程, 水産学部, 論文購読，理解，まとめ，紹介、議論
• 2021, 水圏生物科学実習, Field Training on Aquatic Biological Science, 学士課程, 水産学部, 生物相・分類・生態・物質循環・行動・組織
• 2021, 洋上実習Ⅰ, Field Training on Board Ⅰ, 学士課程, 水産学部, 乗船実習　おしょろ丸　北太平洋西部　流し網　海洋観測　プランクトン　海水分析　サケ　外洋　生態系　目視調査　操船
• 2021, 水産科学英語Ⅰ, English for Fisheries Sciences I, 学士課程, 水産学部, 海洋生物学、資源生物学、海洋環境化学、海洋共生学
• 2021, 海洋生物科学科沿岸実習, Coastal Field Training on Board, 学士課程, 水産学部, 練習船，うしお丸，魚類採集（A;高津哲也教授担当），海生哺乳類目視（B；三谷曜子准教授担当）,海洋環境化学（C；工藤勲教授担当）
• 2021, 乗船実習, Shipboard Training, 学士課程, 水産学部, おしょろ丸、海洋観測、生物採集、目視観察
• 2021, 洋上実習Ⅱ, Field Training on Board Ⅱ, 学士課程, 水産学部, 海洋物理、海洋化学、海洋生物学
• 2021, 水産科学英語Ⅱ, English for Fisheries Sciences II, 学士課程, 水産学部, 論文講読，科学英語，論文紹介
• 2021, 環境と人間, Environment and People, 学士課程, 全学教育, 海、河川、生命、細胞、遺伝子、魚、海藻、微生物、代謝、進化
• 2021, 水産資源各論, Introduction of Fisheries Biology, 学士課程, 水産学部, 水産生物，分布，生活史，生態，漁獲方法，資源利用
• 2021, 海洋生物科学実験Ⅲ, Marine Science Biology III - Laboratory, 学士課程, 水産学部, 魚類、プランクトン、解剖、分類、形態、生態、生?、サケ
• 2021, 発生・組織学, Embryology and Histology, 学士課程, 水産学部, 器官、組織、細胞、生殖、発生
• 2021, 野外巡検, Field Observation, 学士課程, 水産学部, フィールド実習, 野外観察, 生物相, 生態学

researchmap

プロフィール情報

学位

• 北海道大学博士（水産学）

プロフィール情報

• プロフィール

  札幌出身で「サケの母川回帰」を研究しています。10年間、福岡県北九州市で医学部解剖学の教員をしていましたが、母校に母川回帰してきました。

• 姓

  工藤, クドウ

• 名

  秀明, ヒデアキ

• ID各種

  200901002728919214

対象リソース

http://www2.fish.hokudai.ac.jp/faculty-member/kudo-hideaki/?key=jp

業績リスト

研究キーワード

• 魚類神経生理学   地域特異水産資源   嗅覚   分子形態学   魚類生態生理学   魚類生理学   サケ生物学   Olfaction   Molecular Morphology   Fish Ecophysiology   Fish Physiology   Salmon Biology   

研究分野

• ライフサイエンス / 水圏生産科学

経歴

• 2019年11月 - 現在 北海道大学大学院水産科学研究院 海洋共生学分野（鮭鱒班） 教授
• 2015年04月 - 2019年10月 北海道大学大学院水産科学研究院 海洋共生学分野（鮭鱒班） 准教授
• 2010年04月 - 2015年03月 - 北海道大学大学院水産科学研究院水圏生態系保全学領域 准教授
• 2007年04月 - 2010年03月 北海道大学大学院水産科学研究院海洋生態系保全戦略領域 准教授
• 2006年04月 - 2007年03月 北海道大学大学院水産科学研究院資源保全戦略分野 助教授 助教授
• 2006年 - 2007年 Associate Professor
• 1997年04月 - 2006年03月 産業医科大学医学部第２解剖学講座 講師 講師
• 1997年 - 2006年 Lecturer
• 1996年04月 - 1997年03月 産業医科大学医学部第２解剖学講座 助手 助手
• 1996年 - 1997年 Research Associate
• 1995年04月 - 1996年03月 日本学術振興会特別研究員 (DC2) 日本学術振興会特別研究員
• 1995年 - 1996年 Postdoctoral Fellowships of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

学歴

•         - 1996年   北海道大学
•         - 1993年   北海道大学大学院   水産学研究科   水産増殖学専攻
•         - 1993年   北海道大学
•         - 1991年   北海道大学   水産学部   水産増殖学科
•         - 1991年   北海道大学

委員歴

• 2016年07月 - 現在   北海道立総合研究機構水産研究本部研究課題検討会外部検討委員
• 2012年04月 - 現在   特定非営利活動法人サーモンサイエンスミュージアム 理事
• 2008年04月 - 現在   日本味と匂学会   評議員
• 2013年04月 - 2020年12月   北海道内水面漁場管理委員会 委員（学識経験者）
• 2019年04月 - 2020年03月   北海道水産林務部主催 秋サケ資源対策協議会委員（学識経験者）
• 2017年07月 - 2020年02月   環境省 地域適応コンソーシアム事業 北海道・東北地域協議会／気候変動適応東北広域協議会 構成員（有識者／アドバイザー）
• 2006年12月 - 2013年12月   サケ学研究会   事務局長

受賞

• 2006年 日本臨床分子形態学会論文賞
  
• 2000年 日本臨床電子顕微鏡学会論文賞
  

論文

• Messenger RNA transcription levels of neuronal soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor complex components in the olfactory nerve system of the anadromous Pacific salmon, masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou.

  Atsushi Ogihara, Takashi Abe, Kazutaka Shimoda, Takafumi Sasaki, Hideaki Kudo

  Fish physiology and biochemistry 2024年05月22日 

  Anadromous Pacific salmon (genus Oncorhynchus) are known for homing behavior to their natal rivers based on olfactory imprinted memories during seaward migration. The SNARE complex is a regulator of vesicle exocytosis from the presynaptic membrane. Our previous study suggested that its component genes (Snap25, Stx1, and Vamp2) are more highly expressed in the olfactory nervous system (ONS) during the migration stages associated with olfactory imprinting in the evolutionary species of Pacific salmon, such as chum (O. keta) and pink (O. gorbuscha) salmon. Masu salmon (O. masou) has a significantly different life history from these species, living longer in rivers and being a more primitive Pacific salmon species. In this study, the transcription of snare mRNAs in the ONS was analyzed using mainly male wild masu salmon. Five cDNAs encoding masu salmon SNAREs, which are well conserved among vertebrates, were isolated and sequenced. Each snare mRNA was highly expressed in age 1+ (yearling) parr prior to smoltification, particularly in the olfactory bulb. Their transcription status was significantly different from that of chum and pink salmon, which showed high expression in earlier under-yearling juveniles. The present results and our previous studies indicate that snare mRNAs are highly transcripted until the seaward migration, reflecting neural development and neuroplasticity of the ONS for olfactory imprinting.
• Effect of short-term oral supplementation with marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on gene expression of synaptosome-associated protein 25 in the olfactory organ and brain of juvenile chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta

  Asumi Urushiyama, Mitsuru Torao, Takashi Abe, Tomoharu Watanabe, Yasuyuki Miyakoshi, Hiroshi Ueda, Hideaki Kudo

  Fisheries Science 2023年11月29日
• Olfactory behavioural and neural responses of planktivorous lacustrine sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) to prey odours

  Junnosuke Konishi, Takashi Abe, Atsushi Ogihara, Daisuke Adachi, Takashi Denboh, Hideaki Kudo

  Journal of Fish Biology 101 1 269 - 275 2022年07月 [査読有り]
  
• Gene expression levels of synaptic exocytosis regulator synaptophysin in the brain and the olfactory organ of anadromous salmon

  Takashi Abe, Masaki Ichimura, Hideaki Kudo

  Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 48 2 461 - 469 2022年04月 [査読有り]
  
• Gene expression of neuronal soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptor complex components in the olfactory organ and brain during seaward and homeward migration by pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha )

  Takashi Abe, Yosuke Koshino, Tomoharu Watanabe, Yasuyuki Miyakoshi, Yuji Yoshida, Hideaki Kudo

  Journal of Fish Biology 2020年09月13日 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  The expression of synaptic vesicle exocytosis-regulator SNARE complex component genes (snap25, stx1, and vamp2) was examined in the olfactory nervous system during seaward and homeward migration by pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). The expression levels of snares in the olfactory organ were higher in seaward fry than in feeding and homeward adults, reflecting the development of the olfactory nervous system. The expression of snap25a, b, and stx1a was up-regulated or stable in the adult olfactory bulb and telencephalon. This up-regulated expression suggested alterations in olfactory neuronal plasticity that may be related to the discrimination of natal rivers. The expression of stx1b was down-regulated in the adult olfactory bulb, but remained stable in the adult telencephalon. The expression of vamp2 was initially strong in seaward fry, but was down-regulated in adults in both the olfactory bulb and telencephalon. Pink salmon has the low diversity of maturation age, the largest population, and the most evolutional position in Pacific salmon (genus Oncorhynchus). The expression of snares in the olfactory center of pink salmon reflected the timing of sexual maturation and homeward migration. The present results and our previous studies indicate that snares show distinct expression patterns between two salmon species that depend on physiological and ecological features of migration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
• Consumption of juvenile chum salmon by a seabird species during early sea life

  Jumpei OKADO, Yosuke KOSHINO, Hideaki KUDO, Yutaka WATANUKI

  Fisheries Research 222 105415 1 - 7 2020年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Juvenile mortality, a key factor determining the stock sizes of salmonids, may be increased by predation both in rivers and along shores. Information on predation at sea, however, is scarce. We analysed the diet of a pelagic seabird, the rhinoceros auklet Cerorhinca monocerata, breeding on an isolated island off eastern Hokkaido, Japan, and estimated their consumption of juvenile chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta. The auklets brought juvenile chum salmon and Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus for their chicks and, in addition, fed on squid themselves. The fork length of most of the juvenile chum salmon was over 80 mm, indicating that they were migrating to offshore nursery area, the Sea of Okhotsk. Using a simple bioenergetics model, the consumption of juvenile chum salmon by auklets during the first half of chick-rearing period (late June to middle July) was 316.6 t in 2014 (296.4 t by adults, 20.2 t by chicks) and 11.7 t in 2015 (0 t by adults, 11.7 t by chicks). The otoliths of six out of 66 juvenile salmon found in the diet for chicks had thermal markings and indicated that these fish were released from the rivers along Pacific coast of Hokkaido. Our study first demonstrates the extent of the auklets' consumption contributing to the reduction of the survival in the open coastal area of juvenile chum salmon with the known stock origins.
• Molecular characterization and gene expression of syntaxin-1 and VAMP2 in the olfactory organ and brain during both seaward and homeward migrations of chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta.

  Abe T, Kudo H

  Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology 227 39 - 50 2019年01月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• Detection and localization of the thyroid hormone receptor beta mRNA in the immature olfactory receptor neurons of chum salmon.

  Kudo H, Eto A, Abe T, Mochida K

  Heliyon 4 8 e00744 - e00744 2018年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• Involvement of 11-ketotestosterone in hooknose formation in male pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) jaws.

  Kudo H, Kimura T, Hasegawa Y, Abe T, Ichimura M, Ijiri S

  General and comparative endocrinology 260 41 - 50 2018年05月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Mature male Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) develop a hooknose, as a secondary male sexual characteristic, during the spawning period. It is likely that androgens regulate hooknose formation. However, endocrinological and histochemical details about the relationship between androgens and hooknose formation are poorly understood. In this study, we performed assays of serum androgens, detection of androgen receptor (AR) in hooknose tissues, external morphological measurement of hooknose-related lengths, and microscopic observation of hooknose tissues of pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) at different stages of sexual maturation. Expression of the arβ gene was detected in hooknose tissues of males but not females. The elongation of these tissues was mediated directly via androgens. Serum 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) concentrations indicated a significant positive correlation with both jaw lengths during sexual maturation of males. In the upper jaw, cartilage tissue developed during hooknose formation, and AR-immunoreactive chondrocytes were located in the rostal-vetral regions of hooknose cartilage in maturing male. The chondrocytes in maturing males before entering into rivers exhibited rich-cytoplasm with high cell activity than at other sexual development stages. On the other hand, in the lower jaw, the development of the spongiosa-like bone meshworks. AR-immunoreactivity was detected in a proportion of the osteocytes and osteoblast-like cells in the spongiosa-like bone meshworks. These results indicate that hooknose formation in pink salmon, which is associated with the buildup of a structure with sufficient strength that it can be used to attack other males on the spawning ground, is regulated by 11-KT.
• Molecular characterization and gene expression of synaptosome-associated protein-25 (SNAP-25) in the brain during both seaward and homeward migrations of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta.

  Abe T, Minowa Y, Kudo H

  Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology 217 17 - 25 2018年03月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  It is generally accepted that information about some of the odorants in the natal streams of anadromous Pacific salmon (Genus Oncorhynchus) is imprinted during their seaward migration, and that anadromous Pacific salmon use olfaction to identify their natal streams during the homeward migration. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of the various pre-synaptic functions that are important for olfactory imprinting and memory retrieval in the salmon brain. Synaptosome-associated protein-25 (SNAP-25) mediates pre-synaptic vesicle exocytosis and regulates synaptic transmission and neuronal plasticity. Despite the importance of synaptic plasticity for memorization, the expression of SNAP-25 in the salmon brain is not well understood. In this study, snap25 expression was detected in chum salmon (O. keta) brains using molecular biological techniques. Two cDNAs encoding salmon SNAP-25 were isolated and sequenced (SNAP-25a and SNAP-25b). These cDNAs encoded proteins with 204 amino acid residues, which showed marked homology with each other (97%). The protein and nucleotide sequences demonstrated a high level of homology between salmon SNAP-25s and those of other teleost species. By quantitative PCR, the expression of snap25a and snap25b was detected in all regions of the salmon brain, especially in the telencephalon. The expression levels of snap25a in the olfactory blub were higher during seaward migration than in upriver and post-upriver migrations, reflecting synaptogenesis in the olfactory nervous system, and snap25b in the telencephalon was increased during upriver period. Our results indicated that snap25s gene is involved in synaptic plasticity for olfactory imprinting and/or olfactory memory retrieval in Pacific salmon.
• Origin of natural spawning chum salmon estimated from thermal otolith marks of adult salmon carcasses in the Yurappu River, southwestern Hokkaido, Japan

  Ueda Shusuke, Abe Takashi, Koshino Yosuke, Kudo Hideaki

  NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 84 1 133 - 135 2018年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• Comparative anatomy of the dorsal hump in mature Pacific salmon

  Kenta Susuki, Masatoshi Ban, Masaki Ichimura, Hideaki Kudo

  JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY 278 7 948 - 959 2017年07月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Mature male Pacific salmon (Genus Oncorhynchus) demonstrate prominent morphological changes, such as the development of a dorsal hump. The degree of dorsal hump formation depends on the species in Pacific salmon. It is generally accepted that mature males of sockeye (O. nerka) and pink (O. gorbuscha) salmon develop most pronounced dorsal humps. The internal structure of the dorsal hump in pink salmon has been confirmed in detail. In this study, the dorsal hump morphologies were analyzed in four Pacific salmon species inhabiting Japan, masu (O. masou), sockeye, chum (O. keta), and pink salmon. The internal structure of the dorsal humps also depended on the species; sockeye and pink salmon showed conspicuous development of connective tissue and growth of bone tissues in the dorsal tissues. Masu and chum salmon exhibited less-pronounced increases in connective tissues and bone growth. Hyaluronic acid was clearly detected in dorsal hump connective tissue by histochemistry, except for in masu salmon. The lipid content in dorsal hump connective tissue was richer in masu and chum salmon than in sockeye and pink salmon. These results revealed that the patterns of dorsal hump formation differed among species, and especially sockeye and pink salmon develop pronounced dorsal humps through both increases in the amount of connective tissue and the growth of bone tissues. In contrast, masu and chum salmon develop their dorsal humps by the growth of bone tissues, rather than the development of connective tissue.
• Histological characteristics of the oocyte chorion in wild post-spawning and artificially matured Japanese eels Anguilla japonica

  Hikari Izumi, Seishi Hagihara, Hiroaki Kurogi, Seinen Chow, Katsumi Tsukamoto, Hirohiko Kagawa, Hideaki Kudo, Shigeho Ijiri, Shinji Adachi

  FISHERIES SCIENCE 81 2 321 - 329 2015年03月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  To describe the histological characteristics of the oocyte chorion in wild adult and artificially matured Japanese eels, we investigated changes in chorion thickness during artificially induced oogenesis and compared the chorion thickness and ultrastructure between wild and artificially matured eels. In artificially maturing eels, the chorion thickness and volume increased significantly with increasing follicle diameter, peaking at approximately 450 A mu m; beyond this point, the chorion thinned significantly, whereas there were no significant changes in volume. A significant positive correlation was observed between the number of salmon pituitary extract (SPE) injections and chorion thickness. In wild post-spawning adult eels, chorion thickness varied among individuals, and two had chorions that were significantly thinner than those of artificially matured eels. Ultrastructural examination revealed electron-dense layers in the chorions of wild post-spawning adult eels, as was seen in artificially matured eels. This result is inconsistent with our hypothesis that the formation of an electron-dense layer is unique to artificially maturing eels due to repeated SPE injections. These results suggest that the formation cycle of the chorion might be affected by SPE injections in artificially maturing eels, whereas that of wild eels might be synchronized with behavioral and/or environmental fluctuations that occur during the oceanic spawning migration.
• Sulfurovum aggregans sp nov., a hydrogenoxidizing, thiosulfate-reducing chemolithoautotroph within the Epsilonproteobacteria isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney, and an emended description of the genus Sulfurovum

  Sayaka Mino, Hideaki Kudo, Takayuki Arai, Tomoo Sawabe, Ken Takai, Satoshi Nakagawa

  INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY 64 9 3195 - 3201 2014年09月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  A novel mesophilic, strictly hydrogen-oxidizing, sulfur-, nitrate- and thiosulfate-reducing bacterium, designated strain Monchim33(T), was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney at the Central Indian Ridge. The non-motile, rod-shaped cells were Gram-stain-negative and non-sporulating. Growth was observed between 15 and 37 degrees C (optimum 33 degrees C; 3.2 h doubling time) and between pH 5.4 and 8.6 (optimum pH 6.0). The isolate was a strictly anaerobic chemolithoautotroph capable of using molecular hydrogen as the sole energy source and carbon dioxide as the sole carbon source. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 42.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the novel isolate belonged to the genus Sulfurovum and was closely related to Sulfurovum sp. NBC37-1 and Sulfurovum lithotrophicum 42BK(T) (95.6 and 95.4% similarity, respectively). DNA DNA hybridization demonstrated that the novel isolate could be differentiated genotypically from Sulfurovum sp. NBC37-1 and Sulfurovum lithotrophicum. On the basis of the molecular and physiological traits of the new isolate, the name Sulfurovum aggregans sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain Monchim33(T) (=JCM 19824(T)=DSM 27205(T)).
• Dorsal Hump Morphology in Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)

  Kenta Susuki, Masaki Ichimura, Yosuke Koshino, Masahide Kaeriyama, Yasuaki Takagi, Shinji Adachi, Hideaki Kudo

  JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY 275 5 514 - 527 2014年05月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Mature male Pacific salmon (Genus Oncorhynchus) develop a dorsal hump, as a secondary male sexual characteristic, during the spawning period. Previous gross anatomical studies have indicated that the dorsal humps of salmon are mainly composed of cartilaginous tissue (Davidson [1935] J Morphol 57:169-183.) However, the histological and biochemical characteristics of such humps are poorly understood. In this study, the detailed microstructures and components of the dorsal humps of pink salmon were analyzed using histochemical techniques and electrophoresis. In mature males, free interneural spines and neural spines were located in a line near to the median septum of the dorsal hump. No cartilaginous tissue was detected within the dorsal hump. Fibrous and mucous connective tissues were mainly found in three regions of the dorsal hump: i) the median septum, ii) the distal region, and iii) the crescent-shaped region. Both the median septum and distal region consisted of connective tissue with a high water content, which contained elastic fibers and hyaluronic acid. It was also demonstrated that the lipid content of the dorsal hump connective tissue was markedly decreased in the mature males compared with the immature and maturing males. Although, the crescent-shaped region of the hump consisted of connective tissue, it did not contain elastic fibers, hyaluronic acid, or lipids. In an ultrastructural examination, it was found that all of the connective tissues in the dorsal hump were composed of collagen fibers. Gel electrophoresis of collagen extracts from these tissues found that the collagen in the dorsal hump is composed of Type I collagen, as is the case in salmon skin. These results indicate that in male pink salmon the dorsal hump is formed as a result of an increase in the amount of connective tissue, rather than cartilage, and the growth of free interneural spines and neural spines. J. Morphol. 275:514-527, 2014. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
• Stable isotope comparison between presumably wild and hatchery chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta in the Yurappu River, Hokkaido, Japan

  Yuxue Qin, Airi Nagai, Hideaki Kudo, Masahide Kaeriyama

  Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi (Japanese Edition) 79 5 872 - 874 2013年12月03日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• Stable isotope evidence indicates the incorporation into Japanese catchments of marine-derived nutrients transported by spawning Pacific Salmon

  Yosuke Koshino, Hideaki Kudo, Masahide Kaeriyama

  FRESHWATER BIOLOGY 58 9 1864 - 1877 2013年09月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  1. Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) transport marine-derived nutrients (MDN) and organic matter to freshwater ecosystems, which enhances the productivity of North Pacific ecosystems. Relatively few studies, however, have evaluated the MDN subsidy to both the aquatic system and the terrestrial catchment simultaneously. Using stable isotope analysis, we tested how the dynamics of MDN differed between the river and adjacent riparian forest in rivers of the Shiretoko World Natural Heritage Site in eastern Hokkaido (Japan). In addition, we accounted for temporal and spatial variations in the stable isotope signatures of freshwater organisms due to the presence or absence of spawning salmon. 2. We analysed carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes (C-13 and N-15) of biofilm, invertebrates, fish, riparian plants and brown bear (Ursus arctos) in the Rusha River during the pre-spawning and spawning periods and in the Akai River (where there are no salmon). Willow leaves were collected along the 50-m transects to evaluate how far MDN are incorporated within the riparian area. We counted the number of pink salmon (O.gorbuscha) carcasses in riparian areas and categorised their mode of transport. In addition, we examined the stomach contents of Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma). 3. The C-13 and N-15 of aquatic organisms increased by 1-4 parts per thousand and 1-6 parts per thousand, respectively, with the arrival of salmon spawners. Aquatic organisms incorporated 23% of their nitrogen from salmon (range: 7-46%). The diet of Dolly Varden switched from aquatic invertebrates to salmon eggs during the salmon spawning run. 4. More salmon carcasses were transported from the stream to riparian areas by flooding than by brown bears. The C-13 and N-15 of blowflies (Calliphora spp.) and brown bears increased significantly during the spawning run. Riparian vegetation, with the exception of Manchurian alder (Alnus hirsuta), incorporated 25% of its nitrogen from salmon. The N-15 values of riparian willow (Salix spp.) were correlated negatively with distance from the stream. 5. The proportion of MDN incorporated in the freshwater biota was lower than that reported for North American rivers, potentially due to the influence of dams and modification of the river environment in this Japanese example. The riparian forest incorporated a relatively high fraction of MDN, however, mainly due to the transport of salmon carcasses from the channel by brown bears and, particularly, flooding. The dynamics of salmon-derived nutrients thus differed between river and adjacent riparian zones. These results suggested the importance of linkages between freshwater and riparian ecosystems for the extent of the marine nutrient subsidy.
• Temporal change in catches and resources of icefish Salangichthys microdon in Lake Abashiri, eastern Hokkaido, Japan

  Hirofumi Hayano, Yasuyuki Miyakoshi, Shuichi Mano, Ryouichi Tamura, Hideaki Kudo, Masahide Kaeriyama

  Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi (Japanese Edition) 79 3 372 - 382 2013年06月17日 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  We investigated the mechanism of temporal changes in yearly catches and resources of icefish Salangichthys microdon in Lake Abashiri from 1936 to 2007. Icefish have lived in Lake Abashiri since the early 1930s because of climate change and topographical features, and have been caught by commercial fisheries. Their population size fluctuated annually from 1 to 94 tons. The periodicity of one-year intervals relating to the life-history of icefish was observed in yearly catches. Population sizes at the beginning of each fishing season were estimated to be 36,763 × 103-487,590 × 103 individuals based on the daily CPUE and the density of juveniles. The icefish seem to be stimulated to migrate seaward by rising water and flooding, resulting in an abrupt decline in commercial catches and high spawner abundance in the following year. The relationship between the number of adults and recruitment fitted well to Ricker's reproduction model.
• Distribution of icefish Salangichthys microdon eggs in Lake Abashiri, eastern Hokkaido, Japan

  Hirofumi Hayano, Ryouichi Tamura, Nobuhisa Koide, Ki Baik Seong, Hideaki Kudo, Masahide Kaeriyama

  Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi (Japanese Edition) 79 2 166 - 174 2013年04月12日 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  To investigate the distribution of ice fish Salangichthys microdon eggs, lines for survey at 11 locations were set on the shore of Lake Abashiri. Sediment s were collected by water depth on each of the survey lines to analyze the grain size and density of icefish eggs. Icefish eggs were distributed on sediment comprised of sand and gravel, and the egg density tended to be higher in the large grain size rather than the ine sand. However, there was a survey point where there were no eggs even though the sediment was medium sand. This suggests that factors such as water temperature and lake water level affect the egg distribution in addition to the sediment. There were few iceish eggs on the sediment where silt clay was predominant.
• Genetic comparison between odd- and even-year populations of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha based on mitochondrial DNA analysis

  Aya Yamada, Yosuke Koshino, Hideaki Kudo, Syuichi Abe, Katsutoshi Arai, Masahide Kaeriyama

  Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi (Japanese Edition) 78 5 973 - 975 2012年11月05日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• Cost-effective accurate estimates of adult chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, abundance in a Japanese river using a radio-controlled helicopter

  Hideaki Kudo, Yousuke Koshino, Akihiro Eto, Masaki Ichimura, Masahide Kaeriyama

  FISHERIES RESEARCH 119 94 - 98 2012年05月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  This paper describes an attempt in 2008 to establish an aerial census of adult chum salmon using a small radio-controlled (RC) helicopter. The Moheji River, located in southern Hokkaido, was chosen because all the salmon in a stretch of the river between a weir and the estuary are seine-netted every morning for artificial propagation. Aerial photographs of the river were taken from a RC helicopter equipped with a digital single-lens reflex camera and polarized filter. To quantify salmon density within the census area, the number of salmon per aerial photograph was counted using image-processing software. Salmon could be clearly identified in photographs taken from an altitude of similar to 30 m. Salmon numbers estimated by aerial census and seine-netting were significantly related. The results indicate that a small RC helicopter can be used to generate adult salmon abundance data in Japanese rivers. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
• Perspectives on wild and hatchery salmon interactions at sea, potential climate effects on Japanese chum salmon, and the need for sustainable salmon fishery management reform in Japan

  Masahide Kaeriyama, Hyunju Seo, Hideaki Kudo, Mitsuhiro Nagata

  ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES 94 1 165 - 177 2012年05月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) play an important role as a keystone species and provider of ecosystem services in the North Pacific ecosystem. We review our studies on recent production trends, marine carrying capacity, climate effects and biological interactions between wild and hatchery origin populations of Pacific salmon in the open sea, with a particular focus on Japanese chum salmon (O. keta). Salmon catch data indicates that the abundance of Pacific salmon increased since the 1976/77 ocean regime shift. Chum and pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) maintained high abundances with a sharp increase in hatchery-released populations since the late 1980s. Since the 1990s, the biomass contribution of hatchery returns to the total catch amounts to 50% for chum salmon, more than 10% for pink salmon, and less than 10% for sockeye salmon (O. nerka). We show evidence of density-dependence of growth and survival at sea and how it might vary across spatial scales, and we provide some new information on foraging plasticity that may offer new insight into competitive interactions. The marine carrying capacity of these three species is synchronized with long-term patterns in climate change. At the present time, global warming has positively affected growth and survival of Hokkaido populations of chum salmon. In the future, however, global warming may decrease the marine carrying capacity and the area of suitable habitat for chum salmon in the North Pacific Ocean. We outline future challenges for salmon sustainable conservation management in Japan, and recommend fishery management reform to sustain the hatchery-supported salmon fishery while conserving natural spawning populations.
• The genetic population structure of lacustrine sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, in Japan as the endangered species

  Yuichiro Kogura, James E. Seeb, Noriko Azuma, Hideaki Kudo, Syuiti Abe, Masahide Kaeriyama

  ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES 92 4 539 - 550 2011年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Lacustrine sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) are listed as an endangered species in Japan despite little genetic information on their population structure. In order to clarify the genetic diversity and structure of Japanese populations for evaluating on the bottleneck effect and an endangered species, we analyzed the ND5 region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and 45 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 640 lacustrine sockeye salmon in Japan and 80 anadromous sockeye salmon in Iliamna Lake of Alaska. The genetic diversity of the Japanese population in both mtDNA and SNPs was significantly less than that of the Iliamna Lake population. Moreover, all Japanese populations had SNP loci deviating from the HWE. In spite of low genetic diversity, the SNP analyses resulted that the Japanese population was significantly divided into three groups. These suggest that Japanese sockeye salmon populations should be protected as an endangered species and genetically disturbed by the hatchery program and transplantations.
• Androgens and Very Low Density Lipoprotein Are Essential for the Growth of Previtellogenic Oocytes from Japanese Eel, Anguilla japonica, In Vitro

  Taku Endo, Takashi Todo, P. Mark Lokman, Hideaki Kudo, Shigeho Ijiri, Shinji Adachi, Kohei Yamauchi

  BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION 84 4 816 - 825 2011年04月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  To investigate the regulation of lipid uptake into the eel oocyte in more detail, effects of 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) and lipid transporters (lipoproteins) were determined in vitro. Ovarian explants from previtellogenic Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) were incubated for 28 days with 11-KT and/or with very low density lipoproteins (Vldl), low density lipoproteins (Ldl), or high density lipoproteins (Hdl) purified from eel plasma. The androgen 11-KT induced notable increases in oocyte diameter, which were accompanied by the appearance of vacuoles rather than lipid. Ldl and Hdl increased oocyte diameters, whereas Vldl did not. However, coincubation of 11-KT and Vldl, but not of Ldl or Hdl, resulted in dramatic increases in oocyte size and lipid droplet surface area. Effects of both 11-KT (oocyte size) and Vldl (lipid droplet surface area) were dose-dependent between 1 and 100 ng/ml and between 0.5 and 5 mg/ml, respectively. Interestingly, abnormal oocyte cytology under conditions of coculture with 11-KT and Vldl could essentially be prevented if Vldl concentrations were high enough (>= 5 mg Vldl/ml medium). Unlike 11-KT, estradiol-17beta had no effect on oocyte diameter or lipid droplet surface area. We conclude that Vldl is a key transporter of neutral lipids that accumulate into the eel oocyte during oogenesis and that Vldl-dependent lipid uptake is stimulated by the androgen 11-KT.
• Long-term climate-related changes in somatic growth and population dynamics of Hokkaido chum salmon

  Hyunju Seo, Hideaki Kudo, Masahide Kaeriyama

  ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES 90 2 131 - 142 2011年02月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  We used multiple regression and path analysis to examine the effects of regional and larger spatial scales of climatic/oceanic conditions on the growth, survival, and population dynamics of Hokkaido chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). Variability in the growth of chum salmon at ages 1 to 4 was estimated from scale analysis and the back-calculation method using scales of 4-year-old adults returning to the Ishikari River in Hokkaido, Japan, during 1943-2005. Growth of chum salmon at age 1 was less during the period from the 1940s to the mid-1970s compared to the period from the mid-1980s to the present. On the other hand, growth of chum salmon at ages 2, 3, and 4 has declined since the 1980s. Path analysis indicated that growth at age 1 in the Okhotsk Sea was directly affected by warmer sea surface temperatures associated with global warming. The increased growth at age 1 led directly to higher survival rates and indirectly to larger population sizes. Subsequently, in the Bering Sea, the larger population size was directly associated with decreased growth at age 3 and indirectly associated with shorter adult fork lengths despite the lack of relationships among sea surface temperature, zooplankton biomass, and growth at ages 2 to 4. Therefore, higher growth at age 1 related to global warming positively affected the survival rate of juvenile chum salmon in the Okhotsk Sea. The higher survival rates in turn appear to be causing a population density-dependent effect on growth at ages 2 to 4 and maturation in the Bering Sea due to limited carrying capacity.
• DEVELOPMENT OF THE RETINA IN THE CUTTLEFISH SEPIA ESCULENTA

  Zhen-Lin Hao, Xiu-Mei Zhang, Hideaki Kudo, Masahide Kaeriyama

  JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH 29 2 463 - 470 2010年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  To provide morphological bases for functional studies, the development of the photoreceptor cells in the retina of the cuttlefish Sepia esculenta from newly hatched juveniles to the adults was examined by light and electron microscopy. Four layers were distinguished in the retina: the rhabdomeric layer, subrhabdomeric layer, inner segmental layer, and plexifonn layer. With the development of the retina, the structure of the plexiform layer becomes stronger. Morphometric data on the rhabdomeric microvilli from the newly hatched to the adult retinas are presented. The thickness of the rhabdomeric layer and the total surface area of the rhabdomeric microvilli present beneath a unit surface area of the retina show an exponential increase with developmental days; the diameter of the lens shows a linear increase with days. The results of our research show that the visual acuity and sensitivity of S. esculenta continuously increased with development.
• Estimating the spawning escapement of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha using the area-under-the-curve method in the Rusha River of the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido Island

  Yuya Yokoyama, Yosuke Koshino, Kota Miyamoto, Hideaki Kudo, Shuichi Kitada, Masahide Kaeriyama

  NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 76 3 383 - 391 2010年05月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Pacific salmon Oncorlynchus spp. plays a role in sustaining the biodiversity and production of the terrestrial ecosystem. Accurate estimation of the escapement and spawning dynamics is important for the quantifying the effect of salmon on the riparian ecosystem. The objective of this paper is to estimate accurately the escapement and spawning dynamics of wild pink salmon O. gorbuscha at the Rusha River in the Shiretoko World Natural Heritage area in 2006-2008. The escapement of pink salmon was estimated by the area-under-the-curve method (AUC) with the standard error based on the bootstrap method. The estimated escapement indicated appropriate results. The carrying capacity of spawning redds, however, was far lower than escapements in the available spawning area.
• 知床半島ルシャ川におけるカラフトマス Oncorhynchus gorbuscha の産卵遡上動態評価

  横山 雄哉, 越野 陽介, 宮本 幸太, 工藤 秀明, 北田 修一, 帰山 雅秀

  日本水産学会誌 76 3 383 - 391 2010年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. plays a role in sustaining the biodiversity and production of the terrestrial ecosystem. Accurate estimation of the escapement and spawning dynamics is important for the quantifying the effect of salmon on the riparian ecosystem. The objective of this paper is to estimate accurately the escapement and spawning dynamics of wild pink salmon O. gorbuscha at the Rusha River in the Shiretoko World Natural Heritage area in 2006-2008. The escapement of pink salmon was estimated by the area-under-the-curve method (AUC) with the standard error based on the bootstrap method. The estimated escapement indicated appropriate results. The carrying capacity of spawning redds, however, was far lower than escapements in the available spawning area.
• Expressions of the multidrug resistance-related proteins in the rat olfactory epithelium: A possible role in the phase III xenobiotic metabolizing function

  Hideaki Kudo, Yoshiaki Doi, Sunao Fujimoto

  NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS 468 2 98 - 101 2010年01月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  The xenobiotic metabolizing system is considered to play important roles in the olfaction by the chemical homeostasis. Several phase I and phase II xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes are expressed in the olfactory epithelium in vertebrates. Multidrug resistance-related proteins (MRPs) are the phase III xenobiotic metabolizing pumps that eliminate some conjugated ligands from cells. However, the MRP-expressions in the olfactory epithelium have not been confirmed in the mammals. We investigated gene and protein expressions of MRP type 1 (MRP1) and type 2 (MRP2) isoforms in the adult rat olfactory epithelium in order to clarify the existence of phase III xenobiotic metabolizing pumps in the olfactory organs. Expressions of MRP1 mRNA were detected in the nasal cavity by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The nucleoside sequence of the RT-PCR products were completely identical to that found in other organs of rat. On the contrary, the analysis did not detect expressions of MRP2 mRNA in the nasal cavity. By in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin-labeled MRP1 cRNA probe, signals for MRP1 mRNA were observed preferentially in the perinuclear regions of supporting cells. However, the respiratory epithelial cells did not show the signals for MRP1 mRNA. By immunohistochemistry using a specific antibody to MRP1, MRP1-immunoreactivities were seen mainly on the supporting cells. These findings suggest that MRP1 is involved in olfaction as a part of the "olfactory signal termination" by the chemical homeostasis in the "perireceptor events" of the olfactory epithelium. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Genetic differentiation between early- and late-run populations of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) naturally spawned in the Yurappu River inferred from mitochondrial DNA analysis.

  YOKOTANI Ryota, AZUMA Noriko, KUDO Hideaki, ABE Syuiti, KAERIYAMA Masahide

  水産育種 39 1 1 - 8 水産育種研究会 2009年10月20日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• Morphometry of Olfactory Lamellae and Olfactory Receptor Neurons During the Life History of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta)

  Hideaki Kudo, Masakazu Shinto, Yasunori Sakurai, Masahide Kaeriyama

  CHEMICAL SENSES 34 7 617 - 624 2009年09月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  It is generally accepted that anadromous Pacific salmon (genus Oncorhynchus) imprint to odorants in their natal streams during their seaward migration and use olfaction to identify these during their homeward migration. Despite the importance of the olfactory organ during olfactory imprinting, the development of this structure is not well understood in Pacific salmon. Olfactory cues from the environment are relayed to the brain by the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in the olfactory organ. Thus, we analyzed morphometric changes in olfactory lamellae of the peripheral olfactory organ and in the quantity of ORNs during life history from alevin to mature in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). The number of lamellae increased markedly during early development, reached 18 lamellae per unilateral peripheral olfactory organ in young salmon with a 200 mm in body size, and maintained this lamellar complement after young period. The number of ORNs per olfactory organ was about 180 000 and 14.2 million cells in fry and mature salmon, respectively. The relationship between the body size (fork length) and number of ORNs therefore revealed an allometric association. Our results represent the first quantitative analysis of the number of ORNs in Pacific salmon and suggest that the number of ORNs is synchronized with the fork length throughout its life history.
• Molecular characterization and histochemical demonstration of salmon olfactory marker protein in the olfactory epithelium of lacustrine sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

  H. Kudo, Y. Doi, H. Ueda, M. Kaeriyama

  COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 154 1 142 - 150 2009年09月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Despite the importance of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) for homing migration, the expression of olfactory marker protein (OMP) is not well understood in ORNs of Pacific salmon (genus Oncorhynchus). In this study, salmon OMP was characterized in the olfactory epithelia of lacustrine sockeye salmon (C. nerka) by molecular biological and histochemical techniques. Two cDNAs encoding salmon OMP were isolated and sequenced. These cDNAs both contained a coding region encoding 173 amino acid residues, and the molecular mass of the two proteins was calculated to be 19,581.17 and 19,387.11 Da, respectively. Both amino acid sequences showed marked homology (90%). The protein and nucleotide sequencing demonstrates the existence of high-level homology between salmon OMPs and those of other teleosts. By in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin-labeled salmon OMP cRNA probe, signals for salmon OMP mRNA were observed preferentially in the perinuclear regions of the ORNs. By immunohistochemistry using a specific antibody to salmon OMP, OMP-immunoreactivities were noted in the cytosol of those neurons. The present study is the first to describe cDNA cloning of OMP in salmon olfactory epithelium, and indicate that OMP is a useful molecular marker for the detection of the ORNs in Pacific salmon. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
• Spatiotemporal change in growth of two populations of Asian chum salmon in relation to intraspecific interaction

  Hyunju Seo, Hideaki Kudo, Masahide Kaeriyama

  FISHERIES SCIENCE 75 4 957 - 966 2009年07月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Spatiotemporal changes in growth patterns of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta that returned to the Ishikari (Japan) and Namdae (Korea) rivers in 1984-1998 were investigated using scale analysis. Juvenile chum salmon from both populations left coastal marine areas after spring at a size of over 8 cm fork length (FL). In summer, juvenile salmon from the Namdae River entered the Okhotsk Sea at a larger FL than did Ishikari River juveniles. There were no significant differences in annual growth between populations of 1-, 2-, and 4-year-old fish. For 3-year-old fish, however, Namdae River salmon had significantly higher synchronous and sympatric growth than did Ishikari River salmon. Mean FL of adults was also larger in Namdae River salmon than in Ishikari River salmon. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) results showed (1) negative linear relations between FL and catch, (2) homogeneous slopes of those relations at regional and species levels, and (3) nonhomogeneous slopes at the population level, indicating that density-dependent effects on growth were most significant at this level. We concluded that growth of chum salmon was concurrently influenced by stronger effects of intrapopulation competition and weaker effects of inter- and intraspecific interactions in the Bering Sea.
• Trends in run size and carrying capacity of Pacific salmon in the North Pacific Ocean

  Kaeriyama M, Seo H, Kudo H

  North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission Bulletin 5 293 - 302 2009年 [査読無し]
  
• サケ (Oncorhynchus keta) 遊楽部川2個体群の繁殖戦略に関する外部形態比較

  今井尚隆, 工藤秀明, 帰山雅秀

  魚類学雑誌 54 2 121 - 128 日本魚類学会 2007年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• Strongyloides ratti: Chemokinesis of glycolytic enzyme- and lectin-treated third-stage infective larvae in vitro

  H Tobata-Kudo, H Kudo, Tada, I

  PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 54 2 147 - 152 2005年06月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  The infective third-stage larvae (Us) of Strongyloides ratti, a parasitic nematode in rodents, showed two types of chemokinesis on a gradient of sodium chloride (NaCl) in an in vitro agarose tracking assay. The types were a consistent directional avoidance behavior under unfavorable environmental conditions and a reduced avoidance behavior under favorable conditions. We examined the effects of treatments with glycolytic enzymes and lectins by analyzing the avoidance behavior. L-Fucose dehydrogenase, hyaluronidase, beta-glucosidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-galactosidase, concanavalin A, wheat germ agglutinin and soybean agglutinin exhibited inhibitory or enhancive effects on chemokinesis. We also confirmed the sites of the amphids of Us aside from the mouth at the anterior end by scanning electron microscopy, and that concanavalin A-binding sites existed in the vicinity of the amphids using lectin-histochemistry. The carbohydrate moieties in the amphids of S. ratti Us may play an important role as chemosensors in perceiving environmental cues. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Strongyloides ratti: thermokinesis of glycolytic enzyme- and lectin-treated third-stage infective larvae in vitro

  H Tobata-Kudo, H Kudo, Tada, I

  PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH 95 5 314 - 318 2005年03月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  The infective third-stage larvae (L3s) of a parasitic nematode of rodents, Strongyloides ratti, showed three types of thermokinesis on a temperature gradient using an in vitro agarose tracking assay method. These depended both on the pattern of gradient temperature and the prior culture temperature. Most L3s (>= 80%) isolated from rat feces cultured at 25 degrees C and placed on a gradient at temperatures between 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C showed no directional response, at 22-29 degrees C more than 50% of the L3s showed positive thermokinesis, at 21 degrees C L3s showed positive, negative and no directional responses in the same ratio, while at 18-20 degrees C, L3s showed negative thermokinesis (approx. 40%) or no directional response (approx. 60%) as in our previous study. The present study describes the effects of glycolytic enzyme- and lectin-treated positive thermokinesis of L3s. alpha-Glucosidase or concanavalin A significantly exhibited inhibitory effects on thermokinesis.
• Increased immunoreactivities against endothelin-converting enzyme-1 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in hepatic stellate cells of rat fibrous liver induced by thioacetamide.

  NAGATA Takahisa, KUDO Hideaki, NISHINO Tomoko, DOI Yoshiaki, ITOH Hideaki, FUJIMOTO Sunao

  Medical Molecular Morphology 38 3 161 - 172 2005年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  The progression of rat liver fibrosis induced by intraperitoneal administration of thioacetamide (TAA) was evaluated by immunocytochemistry using anti-α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), antiendothelin-converting enzyme (ECE)-1, and anti-monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 antibodies. The fibrous septal spaces gradually increased after administration of TAA, and pseudolobules were established in the 7-week TAA-treated groups. Immunoreactivities against α-SMA were not detected in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) of the control group without TAA treatment, although they were observed in the HSCs around the fibrous septal spaces in all TAA-treated groups, indicating that activation of HSCs occurs during the establishment of pseudolobules. Immunoreactivities against ECE-1 and MCP-1 were seen in such HSCs of the TAA-treated groups, but few or no immunoreactivities were detected in the HSCs of the control group. The most significant increase in the ECE-1 immunoreactivities was detected in the 1-week TAA-treated group, whereas that in MCP-1 was observed in the 7-week TAA-treated group. The present immunocytochemistry indicated a difference in the accelerated expression period between immunoreactivities against ECE-1 and MCP-1 in the HSCs during the progression of TAA-induced liver fibrosis, suggesting that ECE-1 is involved in the early phase of liver fibrosis and that MCP-1 plays a role during the later phase. © The Japanese Society for Clinical Molecular Morphology 2005.
• The enhancement of preproendothelin-1 synthesis and the acceleration of endothelin-1 processing in the acute hypoxic rat aorta

  Y Doi, H Kudo, T Nishino, T Nagata, S Fujimoto

  JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY 44 S207 - S210 2004年11月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Wistar rats were deeply anesthetized and perfused by Hanks' solution bubbled with either 95% air and 5% CO2 (normoxic group) or 95% N-2 and 5% CO2 (hypoxic group) from the thoracic aorta for 30 minutes. The isolated abdominal aortas were used for electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry of endothelin-1 (ET 1) and endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), and in situ hybridization of preproendothelin-1 mRNA. A remarkable increase in the number of Weibel-Palade bodies, storage sites of ET-1 and ECE-1, occurred in the hypoxic group when compared with the normoxic group. Immunoreactivities for ET-1 and ECE-1, and signals for preproendothelin-1 mRNA were seen along the endothelia of both groups, but the intensities were significantly elevated in the hypoxic group. The increase in the number of ECE-1 immunoreactive gold particles was noticed in Weibel-Palade bodies in the hypoxic group. These findings indicate the enhancement of preproendothelin-1 synthesis in the rat aortic endothelial cells and the acceleration of ET-1 processing in Weibel-Palade bodies of such cells in an acute hypoxic condition.
• Immunohistochemical demonstration of salmon olfactory glutathione S-transferase class pi (N24) in the olfactory system of lacustrine sockeye salmon during ontogenesis and cell proliferation

  S Yanagi, H Kudo, Y Doi, K Yamauchi, H Ueda

  ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY 208 3 231 - 238 2004年06月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  In mammals, glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the olfactory epithelium is involved in assistance of the olfactory reception by the xenobiotic metabolism. We previously reported the protein and gene expressions of salmon olfactory GST class pi (soGST) in the olfactory receptor cells (ORCs) of the salmonid fish. However, the chronological appearances of soGST in ORCs during ontogeny and cell proliferation are still unknown in this species. In this study, we performed immunohistochemistry of soGST using an antibody specific to soGST in the olfactory system (olfactory placode, olfactory pit, olfactory epithelium, olfactory nerve and olfactory bulb) of lacustrine sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) embryos and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) experimental fish. The projection of olfactory nerve bundles from the olfactory pit to the presumptive olfactory bulb was identified at embryonic day 28 after fertilization. The olfactory cilia were first detected on the apical surface of ORCs at day 43. soGST-immunoreactivity was first detected within the olfactory pit cells at day 55. At 58 day, the number of soGST-immunoreactive cells increased markedly in the olfactory epithelia, and soGST-immunoreactive fibers were observed in the olfactory nerves and olfactory bulbs. By in vivo uptake of BrdU in 1-year-old fish, we observed for the first time at day 7 after labeling that the olfactory epithelia showed ORCs in which both soGST-immunoreactivity and BrdU coexisted. These results indicate that soGST is synthesized in the mature ORCs of lacustrine sockeye salmon after cell formation and differentiation.
• Detection of a smaller, 32-kDa-8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 in 3 '-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-treated mouse liver

  T Hirano, H Kudo, Y Doi, T Nishino, S Fujimoto, Y Tsurudome, Y Ootsuyama, H Kasai

  CANCER SCIENCE 95 2 118 - 122 2004年02月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  We previously reported that 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'-MeDAB) increased the 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-Gua) content in nuclear DNA and the base excision repair activity in mouse liver. However, to understand the mechanism of 3'-MeDAB carcinogenesis, a further investigation of the 8-OH-Gua repair systems was necessary. In this report, we examined the expression of the repair enzyme, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), in 3'-MeDAB-treated mouse liver. We prepared four kinds of anti-peptide polyclonal antibodies raised against mouse OGG1 (mOGG1). The sequences used as epitopes were designed from positions located close to the N-terminus, the nuclear localization signal (NILS), and the regions containing Lys(249) and Asp(267), which are involved in the catalytic mechanisms of mOGG1 (glycosylase and lyase, respectively). Immunoblotting, using all four antibodies, revealed a 32-kDa protein (mOGG1-32) in addition to the 38-kDa mOGG1 in the 3'-MeDAB-treated mouse liver. Moreover, immunostaining with mOGG1 antibody, yielded strong, positive signals in the 3'-MeDAB-treated mouse liver nuclei. However, we could not detect any difference in the Ogg1 mRNA expression pattern. Although the function of mOGG1-32 remains unclear, these findings suggest that 3'-MeDAB may alter the function of the DNA repair protein, and this action may be related to 3'-MeDAB carcinogenesis.
• Vascular endothelial growth factor is expressed along with its receptors during the healing process of bone and bone marrow after drill-hole injury in rats

  S Uchida, A Sakai, H Kudo, H Otomo, M Watanuki, M Tanaka, M Nagashima, T Nakamura

  BONE 32 5 491 - 501 2003年05月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  In this study, we investigated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA along with its receptors in the healing process following rat femoral drill-hole injury. The cellular events involved in the differential expression of VEGF were studied by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, and in situ hybridization. Abundant alkaline phosphatase-positive osteoprogenitor cells were present in the bone marrow cavity surrounding the wound region at day 3. Some of the cells were inummoreactive for Flk-1, a marker of angioblasts. At day 5, osteoblasts expressing osteocalcin mRNA actively participated in bone formation. After day 11, medullary bone gradually decreased and hematopoietic cells covered the wound region. The expressions of the VEGF splice variants VEGF120 and VEGF164 were detected at days 1 and 3, and VEGF188 mRNA began to appear from day 5. The expressions of the three VEGF splice variants gradually decreased after day 11. VEGF immunoreactivity and mRNA expression were strongly detected in angioblasts, osteoprogenitor cells, and osteoblasts between days 3 and 7, but gradually decreased, after day 11. Immunoreactivity for Flt-1 was also detected in endothelial cells, osteoprogenitor cells, and osteoblasts between days 3 and 7. However, immunoreactivity for Flk-1 was not detected on osteoblasts but rather on endothelial cells. These findings indicate that the differential expression of VEGF splicing isoforms along with its receptors may play an important role in the healing process after rat femoral drill-hole injury. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
• Enhanced immunocytochemical expression of antioxidant enzymes in rat submandibular gland after normobaric oxygenation

  M Morita, H Kudo, Y Doi, T Hirano, K Ikemura, S Fujimoto

  ANATOMICAL RECORD 268 4 371 - 380 2002年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  In order to clarify the role of antioxidant enzymes in the male rat submandibular gland against short-term normobaric oxygenation, we performed immunocytochemical staining of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), copper- and zinc-containing SOD (Cu/Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferases (GST alpha, GST mu., and GST pi) between days 1 and 7 after normobaric oxygenation. Ultrastructural alterations and immunoreactivities for malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation-related molecule, of the acinar and ductal cells after the oxygenation were also investigated. Immunoreactivity for MDA was exhibited in the acinar cells throughout the experiment. On the other hand, immunoreactivity for the SODs, CAT, and GSTs was not altered, when compared to that of controls, but was significantly elevated in the granular, striated, and excretory ductal cells. Since an increase of lipid peroxidation as indicated by enhanced immunoreactivity for MDA was detected in the acinar and intercalated ductal cells, the results indicate that the enhanced antioxidant enzymes in the granular, striated, and excretory ductal cells play a crucial role in the self-defense system of the male rat submandibular gland against normobaric oxygenation.
• Molecular cloning and immunohistochemical localization of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase expressed in testis of a teleost, the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

  K Mochida, T Matsubara, H Kudo, T Andoh, H Ueda, S Adachi, K Yamauchi

  JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 293 4 368 - 383 2002年09月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  We previously produced four monoclonal antibodies to testicular proteins of a teleost, the Nile tilapia. One of the monoclonal antibodies, TAT(Testicular Antigen of Tilapia)-10, recognizes a Mr=27,000 protein (27 kD protein), which is present in A and early B type spermatogonia, spermatids, and spermatozoa in testis. In order to clarify the function of this protein, molecular cloning was conducted. The cDNA for the 27 kD protein contains a complete open reading frame encoding 220 amino acid residues. The predicted amino acid sequence of the 27 kD protein was homologous to those of the ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolases (UCH) reported in mammals. The measurement of the ubiquitin-releasing activity of the recombinant 27 kD protein revealed that the protein is the active form of UCH. Northern blot analysis showed that the UCH mRNA was expressed in ovary and brain in addition to the testis. Immunohistochemical study showed that, in brain, UCH was localized especially on the olfactory organ including the olfactory bulb and olfactory epithelium in olfactory rosetta, suggesting the involvement of the protein in chemoreceptive function. In the Tilapia ovary, UCH localized especially in pre-vitellogenic oocytes, suggesting that the enzyme activity could be important in oocyte growth. This is the first report for the cDNA cloning and cellular localization of UCH in fish. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
• Enhancement of immunoreactivity for endothelin-1 and endothelin-converting enzyme-1 in the cadmium-treated rat thoracic aorta

  Y Doi, H Kudo, O Yamamoto, K Hamasaki, M Yoshizuka, S Fujimoto

  VIRCHOWS ARCHIV 441 2 179 - 186 2002年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Male rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of cadmium sulfate (2.0 mg/kg) for 3, 6, and 8 days (cadmium-treated groups) or physiological saline for 8 days (control group). The thoracic aortae from both groups were used for electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry for big endothelin (ET)-1, ET-1 and ET-converting enzyme (ECE)-1,and the blood plasma and homogenized thoracic aortae were prepared for assays of big ET-1 and ET-1 concentrations. A remarkable increase in the number of Weibel-Palade (WP) bodies, enhanced immunoreactivities for ET-1 and ECE-1 along the endothelium, and elevated concentrations of ET-1 in the blood plasma as well as in homogenized thoracic aortae were observed in the cadmium-treated groups. However, immunoreactivity for big ET-1 and the plasma and aortic tissue concentrations of big ET-1 did not show any significant changes between the control and cadmium-treated groups. By immunoelectron microscopy, immunoreactivities for ET-1 and ECE-1 were much more pronounced in the increased WP bodies. Since WP bodies are involved in the extracellular release of ET-1 in the manner of a regulated pathway, these findings indicate that cadmium administration induces the enhanced re-lease of ET-1, which is actively processed by ECE-1 in the WP bodies.
• Expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in proximal tubular epithelial cells in a rat model of progressive kidney failure

  T Ota, M Tamura, A Osajima, Y Doi, H Kudo, H Anai, M Miyazaki, T Nishino, Y Nakashima

  JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE 140 1 43 - 51 2002年07月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Impairment of kidney function in various types of glomerular disease is associated with tubulointerstitial changes. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is up-regulated in the tubulointerstitium and in the glomeruli in many human and experimental kidney disorders. We investigated the localization of MCP-1 expression in a rat model of progressive kidney failure. Male Wistar rats were subjected to subtotal nephrectomy (n = 30) or sham surgery (n = 30). Immunohistochemistry with immunoelectron microscopy and in situ hybridization were used to examine the expression of MCP-1 protein and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in the kidney, respectively. MCP-1 protein and mRNA were hardly detected in both glomeruli and tubulointerstitium of control rats. However, in the rats subjected to nephrectomy, MCP-1 expression was increased in the tubular cells of the remnant kidney, accompanied by significant macrophage infiltration. MCP-1 was observed mainly in the proximal tubular cells and only weakly in distal tubular cells. No significant expression of MCP-1 protein or mRNA was noted in the glomeruli. Immunoelectron microscopy showed the presence of MCP-1 in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of proximal tubular cells, confirming that MCP-1 is produced in proximal tubular cells. MCP-1 was also observed in endocytic vesicles adjacent to the brush border of proximal tubular cells, suggesting incorporation of MCP-1 from the tubular lumen. Our findings indicate localized expression of MCP-1 in proximal tubular cells in the remnant kidney and suggest that MCP-1 in proximal tubular cells is involved in tubulointerstitial damage in chronic kidney failure associated with glomerular hypertension.
• Disorganization of honey-comb immunoreactive pattern of desmin and plectin in rat atrophic soleus muscle fiber induced by hindlimb suspension

  S Nara, K Hachisuka, H Furukawa, Y Doi, H Kudo, S Fujimoto

  HISTOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY 17 2 427 - 436 2002年04月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Immunoreactivity for desmin, plectin and alpha-actinin was investigated in rat atrophic soleus muscle fibers induced by hindlimb suspension between 1 and 4 weeks (hindlimb suspension group, HSG), and compared with that of the control group (CG). Some of the HSG for 4 weeks were allowed unrestricted cage activity for 2 weeks as the recovery group (RG). In the cross-sectioned muscle fibers of the CG, desmin and plectin showed honey-comb immunoreactive patterns extending throughout the sarcoplasm. Superimposed images by double immunofluorescence labeling showed overlapping of both immunoreactivities. In the longitudinally sectioned profiles, superimposed images of alpha-actinin and desmin were overlapped at the level of Z-discs. The focal disorganization of the above honeycomb immunoreactive patterns, followed by the reduction of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of atrophic soleus muscle fibers and the appearance of Z-streaming, uniquely arose in the HSG from the first week and extended throughout the sarcoplasm in proportion to the suspension period. Such honey-comb patterns of both desmin and plectin were already restored in the RG at 2 weeks, followed by the disappearance of Z-streaming, prior to the recovery of the CSA. These findings indicate that the disorganization of topological and structural relationships of desmin and plectin with Z-discs surrounding individual myofibrils is primarily evoked, which leads to Z-streaming of atrophic soleus muscle fibers, and that the restoration of the muscle activity results in an early arrangement recovery of desmin and plectin around myofibrils.
• Enhanced expression of endothelin-1 and endothelin- converting enzyme-1 in acute hypoxic rat aorta

  Y Doi, H Kudo, T Nishino, O Yamamoto, T Nagata, S Nara, M Morita, S Fujimoto

  HISTOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY 17 1 97 - 105 2002年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Deeply anesthetized male Wistar rats were perfused by Hanks' balanced salt solution bubbled with either 95%air and 5%CO2 (normoxic group) or 95%N-2 and 5%CO2 (hypoxic group) from the thoracic aorta for 30 min, and the isolated abdominal aortae from both groups were used for electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry of endothelin (ET)-1 and ET-converting enzyme (ECE)-1, and in situ hybridization of preproET-1 mRNA. A remarkable increase in the number of Weibel-Palade (WP) bodies, storage sites of ET-1 and ECE-1, occurred in the hypoxic group when compared to the normoxic group. Immunoreactivities for ET-1 and ECE-1, and signals for preproET-1 mRNA were seen along the endothelia of both groups, but the intensities were significantly elevated in the hypoxic group. The increase in the number of ECE-1 immunoreactive gold particles was noticed especially in WP bodies in the hypoxic group. These findings indicate the enhancement of preproET-1 synthesis in the aortic endothelial cells as well as the acceleration of ET-1 processing in increased WP bodies in such cells in an experimentally hypoxic condition of the rat aortae.
• Synthesis of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) by rat arterial endothelial cells

  Y Doi, H Kudo, T Nishino, K Kayashima, H Kiyonaga, T Nagata, S Nara, M Morita, S Fujimoto

  HISTOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY 16 4 1073 - 1079 2001年10月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  We investigated the protein and mRNA expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in endothelial cells of the rat thoracic aorta and femoral artery. Light microscopic immunocytochemistry revealed that immunoreactivity for CGRP was preferentially located in the endothelium of both vessels. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that CGRP-immunoreactive gold particles were preferentially localized on cisterns of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and on the Weibel-Palade (WP) bodies in the endothelial cells. Prepro CGRP mRNA signals were also detected on the endothelium. Our results are the first to demonstrate that endothelial cells of both elastic and large muscular arteries synthesize CGRP and store it, in part, in WP bodies, implying that CGRP may act as an endothelium-derived relaxing factor in these vessels.
• Immunocytochemistry of glutathione S-transferase in taste bud cells of rat circumvallate and foliate papillae.

  Tomoko Nishino, Hideaki Kudo, Yoshiaki Doi, Masanobu Maeda, Masanobu Maeda, Kunshige Hamasaki, Miyako Morita, Sunao Fujimoto

  Chemical Senses 26 2 179 - 188 2001年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Immunocytochemistry was used to investigate the distribution of cells reacting with specific antibodies against glutathione S-transferase (GST) μ and π in rat circumvallate and foliate taste buds; the findings were confirmed by Western blotting. Double immunofluorescence staining for protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 and GST subunits allowed the classification of taste bud cells of both papillae into: (i) cells immunoreactive to either PGP 9.5 or GST subunit antibody; (ii) cells immunoreactive to both antibodies; and (iii) cells that did not react with either of these antibodies. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that most GST subunit-immunoreactive cells seemed to be either type II or type III cells based on their ultrastructure. Since PGP 9.5 is now widely used as a marker for type III cells in mammalian taste buds, it seems reasonable to believe that most GST subunit-immunoreactive cells are type II cells. Whether cells immunoreactive for both PGP 9.5 and GST subunits consitute a small subpopulation of type III cells or whether they are intermediate forms between type II and III cells is under investigation. No type I cells reacted with antibodies against GST subunits in the present study. GST subunits in taste bud cells may participate in xenobiotic metabolism of certain substances exposed to taste pits, as already shown for olfactory epithelium.
• Sweat gland toxicity induced by bis (tributyltin) oxide: an ultrastructural and X-ray microanalysis study

  O Yamamoto, Y Doi, H Kudo, M Yoshizuka, S Fujimoto

  ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY 74 10 627 - 631 2000年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Acute toxicity of bis (tributyltin) oxide in the sweat glands in the rat footpad was investigated by electron microscopy and an energy-dispersive X-ray microanalyzer. Male Wistar rats received an intramuscular injection of 0.5 ml/kg bis (tributyltin) oxide. After 6-8 h, swelling of mitochondria appeared in the secretory cells of the sweat glands. After 12 h, the secretory cells began to show intracytoplasmic edema. After 16-20 h, secretory cells in some sweat glands showed marked hydropic degeneration with swollen cytoplasm. Using X-ray microanalysis, tin peaks were preferentially obtained from the swollen mitochondria of the affected secretory cells. Mitochondria dysfunction due to the toxic effects of bis (tributyltin) oxide induced changes in the secretory cells of rat sweat glands. After 24-48 h, the secretory portion of the sweat glands contained three types of cells: degenerating dark cells, regenerating cells carrying injured mitochondria, and light cells which were morphologically very similar to the cells in the transitional portion of the sweat gland. These light cells appeared to differentiate into active secretory cells after settling down in the secretory portion. Based on these observations, we concluded that the cells in the transitional portion could play an important role at least as reserve cells against secretory cell toxicity. In association with the regenerating process of the damaged secretory portions, increased mitotic activities were seen in different areas of all the dermal sweat ducts. The above-mentioned morphological observations for cell damage and subsequent regeneration and renewal of secretory cells in sweat gland intoxication have not been reported so far.
• Synthesis and receptor sites of endothelin-1 in the rat liver vasculature

  H Fukushige, Y Doi, H Kudo, K Kayashima, H Kiyonaga, T Nagata, H Itoh, S Fujimoto

  ANATOMICAL RECORD 259 4 437 - 445 2000年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Immunocytochemical localization of big endothelin-1 (big ET-1), ET-1, and ET receptor A and B (ETA and ETB), and gene expression of prepro ET-1 mRNA were examined on the rat liver vasculature. Immunoreactivities for big ET-1 and ET-1 were preferentially seen along the endothelium of interlobular veins (IV) and artery (IA), although the staining intensity was more pronounced in IV. Expression of preproET-1 mRNA was detected in both vascular endothelia and the signal intensity was more prevalent in IV. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that rough endoplasmic cisterns were immunoreactive for big ET-1, while Weibel-Palade (WP) bodies, a storage site for ET-1, were immunoreactive for ET-1 in endothelial cells of IV. These results indicate that endothelial cells of IV are the major site of synthesis of ET-1, which is extracellularly secreted by degranulation and/or exocytosis of WP bodies. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), especially of the plasma membrane of perisinusoidal and interhepatocellular processes, were immunoreactive for both ETA and ETB receptor antibodies. These findings suggest that ET-1 receptor-mediated HSC contraction is involved in the regulation of hepatic sinusoidal blood flow as previously cited in mammalian liver cirrhosis. We also showed that sarcolemma and caveoles in the smooth muscle cells of the media of IV, ana its branches before reaching the hepatic sinusoids, were immunoreactive for ETA receptor antibody. The results suggest that such vessels, which contains a large amount of hepatic blood inflow, participate in pump mechanism toward hepatic sinusoidal circulation in a receptor-mediated paracrine fashion. Anat Rec 259:437-445, 2000. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
• Transient expression of activin βA mRNA on osteoprogenitor cells in rat bone regeneration after drill-hole injury

  S. Uchida, Y. Doi, H. Kudo, H. Furukawa, T. Nakamura, S. Fujimoto

  Bone 27 1 81 - 90 2000年07月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  We investigated the expression of activin βA on osteoprogenitor cells in the regenerating bone and bone marrow of the rat femur after drill-hole injury, by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. The periosteum and endosteum adjacent to the wound region showed marked thickening at day 3 and abundant osteoprogenitor cells, which were immunoreactive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen and showed positive reactions for alkaline phosphatase activity, and existed in the inner layer of the periosteum as well as in the endosteum. During the same period, these osteoprogenitor cells began to exhibit activin βA immunoreactivity and mRNA expression. However, the latter expression gradually reduced the intensity as the cells started to express osteocalcin mRNA during their differentiation to osteoblasts participating in the periosteal and medullary bone formation from day 5. Immunoreactivity for activin type IB and II receptors was also found on activin βA-immunoreactive cells between days 3 and 7. The above findings suggest that proliferating osteoprogenitor cells, before their transformation to osteoblasts, transiently produce and release activin A, which may play crucial roles in bone and bone marrow regeneration in a receptor-mediated, autocrine and paracrine fashion. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc.
• Expression of α-calcitonin gene-related peptide in the enteric nervous system of rat small intestine

  Yoshiaki Doi, Hong Peng, Hideaki Kudo, Kunshige Hamasaki, Sunao Fujimoto

  Neuroscience Letters 285 1 33 - 36 2000年05月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  We first detected α-calcitonin gene-related peptide (α-CGRP) precursor mRNA in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of rat small intestine by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The nucleotide sequence of the RT-PCR product was completely identical to that found in other organs. By in situ hybridization using digoxygenin-labeled α-CGRP precursor cRNA probe, we found that antisense probes detected a signal on nerve cell bodies of both submucosal and myenteric plexuses. Our findings indicate that the rat ENS participates in synthesis of α-CGRP precursor. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
• Expression of profilin, an actin-binding protein, in rat experimental glomerulonephritis and its upregulation by basic fibroblast growth factor in cultured rat mesangial cells

  M Tamura, H Tanaka, A Yashiro, A Osajima, M Okazaki, H Kudo, Y Doi, S Fujimoto, K Higashi, Y Nakashima, H Hirano

  JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY 11 3 423 - 433 2000年03月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Profilin binds to actin monomer to regulate actin polymerization, and to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to inhibit hydrolysis by phospholipase C gamma 1. This study investigated the expression of profilin in rat anti-Thy-1.1 mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN) and examined the effect of growth factors on its expression in cultured rat mesangial cells. Profilin mRNA was constitutively expressed in isolated glomeruli of untreated rats. However, in glomeruli of anti-Thy-1.1 GN rats, its expression was upregulated beginning on day 1, reaching a peak level on day 4 (3.9-fold versus control glomeruli), and decreased on day 14, as determined by competitive reverse transcription-PCR. Increased expression of profilin protein was confirmed using immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed the presence of profilin in plasma membrane and the rough endoplasmic reticulum of mesangial cells, indicating that profilin was produced in mesangial cells. In cultured rat mesangial cells, expression of profilin mRNA and protein was upregulated by basic fibroblast growth factor but not by platelet-derived growth factor or transforming growth factor-beta. Suppression of profilin expression using an antisense oligonucleotide against profilin inhibited [H-3]thymidine uptake. These findings indicated the involvement of profilin in anti-Thy-1.1 GN and suggest that the upregulation of profilin might be involved in the progression of anti-Thy-1.1 GN possibly by affecting cell growth.
• Dietary zinc deficiency decreases glutathione S-transferase expression in the rat olfactory epithelium

  H Kudo, Y Doi, T Nishino, S Nara, K Hamasaki, S Fujimoto

  JOURNAL OF NUTRITION 130 1 38 - 44 2000年01月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Zinc deficiency leads to olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanism of this phenomenon. We examined the effect of dietary zinc deficiency on the rat olfactory epithelium. Immunoreactivities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) mu, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and in situ hybridization of GST mu mRNA in the olfactory epithelia were examined under different dietary zinc intake conditions. Adult male rats were fed a zinc-deficient (ZD) diet (0.5 mg zinc/kg diet), whereas control rats, including pair-fed (PF) and zinc-adequate (ad libitum consumption, AL) groups, were fed a zinc-adequate diet (58 mg zinc/kg diet) for 7 wk. We also examined the effect of zinc replacement (ZR) by subsequently feeding half of the ZD group a zinc-adequate diet for 5 wk after the initial 7-wk deprivation. No significant differences in immunoreactivity for NSE in olfactory epithelial receptor cells or for PCNA in basal cells were noted among groups. Intense GST mu immunoreactivity and hybridization signals were observed in olfactory supporting cells of AL, PF and ZR groups, but very minimal or no such signal was noted in ZD rats. Our findings indicated that zinc deficiency reduces GST mu expression in the supporting cells of rat olfactory epithelia but does not affect receptor cell proliferation or maintenance.
• Injection of antisense oligos to nNOS into nucleus tractus solitarii increases blood pressure

  M Maeda, H Hirano, H Kudo, Y Doi, K Higashi, S Fujimoto

  NEUROREPORT 10 9 1957 - 1960 1999年06月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  WE investigated the cardiovascular effects of bilateral microinjection of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (oligos) into the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) to neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) to suppress the expression of nNOS molecular biologically. In urethane-anesthetized, paralyzed Wistar-Kyoto rats, bilateral microinjection of nNOS antisense oligos (20 pmol in a 50 nl volume) into the NTS produced a significant increase in mean arterial blood pressure at 30-60 min after injection, compared with rats injected with nNOS sense or scrambled oligos. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated that nNOS immunoreactivity in the rat NTS was suppressed by nNOS antisense oligos. These results indicate that suppression of the nNOS gene using antisense in the NTS increases blood pressure. NeuroReport 10:1957-1960 (C) 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
• Salmonid olfactory system-specific protein (N24) exhibits glutathione S-transferase class Pi-like structure

  H Kudo, H Ueda, K Mochida, S Adachi, A Hara, H Nagasawa, Y Doi, S Fujimoto, K Yamauchi

  JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY 72 4 1344 - 1352 1999年04月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  A salmonid olfactory system-specific protein (N24) that has been identified in lacustrine sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) was characterized by biochemical and molecular biological techniques. N24 is a homodimer, and the intact molecular mass is estimated as similar to 43.3 kDa by gel filtration. Furthermore, N24 was located only in the cytosolic fraction of the olfactory tissues as determined by subcellular fractionation, cDNA encoding the lacustrine sockeye salmon N24 was isolated and sequenced. This cDNA contained a coding region encoding 216 amino acid residues and the molecular mass of this protein is calculated to be 242,224.77. The protein and nucleotide sequencing demonstrates the existence of a remarkable homology between N24 and glutathione S-transferase (GST; EC 2.5.1.18) class pi enzymes. Northern analysis showed that N24 mRNA with a length of 950 bases is expressed in lacustrine sockeye salmon olfactory epithelium. Olfactory receptor cells showed strong hybridization signals for N24 mRNA in the olfactory epithelium. N24 demonstrated glutathione binding activity in affinity-purified GST column experiments. The present study describes for the first time cDNA cloning of GST in fish olfactory epithelium.
• Effects of endothelin-1 on vasoactivity and its synthesis, storage, and acting sites in the rat superior mesenteric vasculature: an ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study.

  KAYASHIMA K, DOI Y, KUDO H, KIYONAGA H, FUJIMOTO S

  Medical Electron Microscopy（現 Medical Molecular Morphology） 32 1 36 - 42 1999年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Vasoactivity after treatment with endothelin (ET)-1 and immunoreactivity for ET-1 and its receptors were investigated in the rat superior mesenteric vasculature (SMV). By measurements of corrosion cast images of the SMVs, it was seen that ET-1 induces remarkable vasocontraction of the distal arterial branches, consisting of small arteries and arterioles, and localized vasoconstriction throughout the venous branches which possess localized medial thickenings. Immunoreactivity for ET-1 was preferentially seen along the endothelia of the proximal arterial branches. Cisterns of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Weibel-Palade (WP) bodies of the endothelial cells were immunoreacted. Immunoreactivity for the ET(A) receptor was preferentially seen on the media of the distal arterial branches. These findings indicate that endothelial cells of the proximal arterial branches synthesize ET-1 and store it in the WP bodies. Because WP bodies are involved in the release of ET-1, this suggests that this endogenous ET-1, which is released from the proximal arterial branches, may be involved in the regulation of blood flow through the distal arterial branches by mediation of the ET(A) receptor. In addition, it seems likely that ET-1-induced vasoconstriction of the venous branches may act to impel the portal blood flow.
• Lacustrine sockeye salmon return straight to their natal area from open water using both visual and olfactory cues

  H Ueda, M Kaeriyama, K Mukasa, A Urano, H Kudo, T Shoji, Y Tokumitsu, K Yamauchi, K Kurihara

  CHEMICAL SENSES 23 2 207 - 212 1998年04月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Mechanisms of the amazing ability of salmon to migrate a long distance from open water ro natal streams for spawning are still unknown. Lacustrine sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Lake Toya offers an excellent model system for studying the orientation mechanism in open water, because mature fish return to the natal area with a high degree of accuracy. First we examined the percentage of fish returning to the natal area after they were released 7 km south of the natal area. Forty percent of control male mature fish and 25% of the fish blinded by injection of a mixture of carbon toner and corn oil into the eyeball were captured in the natal area within 5 days. Forty-four percent of fish with brass rings (control) and 31% of fish with NdFe magnetic rings which interfere with the magnetic cue were captured in the natal area within 3 days. These experiments suggested that, although the number of blinded fish captured in the natal area was less than that of the controls, the difference was not statistically significant. In the fish captured in the natal area within 3 or 5 days, fish which found the natal area using their olfactory cue after random swimming for a long time and returned to that area may be included. Hence we tracked fish telemetrically using an ultrasonic tracking system, and found that mature males released at a long distance (3.6 or 6.8 km) from the natal area swam straight to the vicinity of the natal area. Interference of the magnetic cue by the attachment of a magnetic ring did not affect their direct return. Blockage of the visual cue caused them to move randomly. These data suggest that lacustrine sockeye salmon return straight to the vicinity of the natal area using their visual cue and finally reach the exact homing point using their olfactory cue.
• Immunocytochemistry of fibronectin and endothelin-1 in the cavernous body of postnatal rabbit penises

  T Nomiyama, Y Doi, H Kudo, H Furukawa, K Hamasaki, S Fujimoto

  ACTA ANATOMICA 162 1 23 - 32 1998年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  The differentiating cavernous body (CB) of postnatal rabbit penises was examined with a special reference to immunolocalizations for fibronectin (FN) and endothelin-1 (ET-1). At postnatal day 1, the CBs were embedded by an abundance of mesenchymal cells (MCs), and some of them were closely associated with endothelial cells of preexisting capillaries. Our electron micrographs indicated that such MCs are successively incorporated into the capillary endothelium as vasoformative cells. At this period, vascular sprouts of the helicine artery (HA), which were associated with the MCs, arose from the deep penile artery, and the transformation of such cells to endothelial and medial muscle ones was also indicated, and some MCs appeared to differentiate to epithelioid cells in the media. Immunoreactions for FN were preferentially localized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and along the plasma membrane of such vasoformative MCs, and on the extracellular matrix components which connect these MCs with sprouts of both growing capillaries and HA. These findings suggest that FN, which is produced in the rER of the MCs, plays a crucial role in the mechanical linkage during the incorporation of vasoformative MCs into these penile vessels. Immunoreactions for ET-1 were preferentially localized on Weibel-Palade bodies in endothelial cells of the HA, implying the involvement of this peptide in the regulation of the local blood flow in this vessel.
• Immunolocalization of fibronectin and its receptors integrin α3 and α5 subunits in the rat limb development.

  Y Kanazawa, Y Doi, H Kudo, S Fujimoto

  Journal of Electron Microscopy 47 1 87 - 92 1998年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  In the rat hind limb bud aged between prenatal days 14 and 16, immunoreactions of fibronectin in the apical ectodermal ridge were localized on the plasma membranes of epidermal cells and cytoplasmic projections of the underlying mesenchymal cells, which are in contact with the basal lamina. Those of integrin alpha(3) and alpha(5) subunits also appeared on such areas. Definite immunoreactions of fibronectin and both integrin subunits were seen in cell to cell contact areas of mesenchymal cells which are associated with the marginal vein, or with each other forming solid cell cords, and appeared on the basal plasma membrane of endothelial cells of the growing capillaries arising from the marginal vein. These findings suggest that fibronectin may work as a ligand for alpha(3) beta(1) and/or alpha(5) beta(1) integrins expressed by the mesenchymal and vasoformative cells in developing limb bud.
• Diversity in distribution of Na+center dot K(+)ATPase of the choroid epithelium of prenatal rats: An immunocytochemical study

  E Toyama, Y Doi, H Kudo, T Fujimura

  ARCHIVES OF HISTOLOGY AND CYTOLOGY 60 3 235 - 244 1997年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  The differentiating choroid plexus in rats at ages ranging from prenatal day 16 to postnatal day 3 was investigated with a special emphasis on the immunolocalization of Na+. K(+)ATPase in the choroid epithelium and neocapillarization of the choroid stroma. Immunoreactions for Na+. K(+)ATPase were localized on the apical plasma membrane of the simple choroid epithelium throughout the stages examined, but it also appeared on the basolateral plasma membrane till prenatal day 18, prior to the formation of the tight junctions as seen from both a marker experiment using lanthanum chloride and immunoreactions for tight junction-associated protein (ZO-1). This suggests that a polarity of the enzyme localization to the apical plasma membrane may take place after the establishment of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Mesenchymal cells in the choroid stroma immunoreacted to the laminin antibody and occasionally contacted each other-forming solid cell cords-or endothelial cells of the preexisting capillaries. The contact areas immunoreacted to this antibody. Since there were few or no mitotic figures of the endothelial cells, the involvement of laminin in a mechanical linkage between the adjacent vasoformative mesenchymal cells as well as the endothelial lining in a manner suggestive of vasculogenesis was indicated.
• Immunocytochemical investigation of a salmonid olfactory system-specific protein in the kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

  H Kudo, H Ueda, K Yamauchi

  ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE 13 5 647 - 653 1996年10月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Immunocytochemical and immunoelectron microscopic localizations of a salmonid olfactory system-specific protein (N24) were investigated in the olfactory system (the olfactory epithelium, the olfactory nerve and the olfactory bulb) of kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) by using a specific antiserum to N24. N24 immunoreactivities were observed in the cytoplasm of ciliated and microvillous olfactory receptor cells but were not observed in the supporting and the basal cells in the olfactory epithelium. Gold particles showing immunoreactivities for N24 were scattered in the cytoplasm of the dendrites of olfactory receptor cells. Some particles were concentrated on vesicular structures, but none were observed in the membrane of olfactory receptor cells. N24 immunoreactive axons were terminated at the glomerular layer near the mitral cells in the olfactory bulb. In an olfactory rosettectomy experiment, N24 immunoreactivity in the olfactory bulb vanished fifteenth day after the excision of the olfactory rosette. These results reveal that the olfactory receptor cells produce N24 which exists in both dendrites and axons of the olfactory receptor cells, and suggest that N24 may participate in neuromodulation in the olfactory system of kokanee salmon.
• Cytophysiology of gonadotropin-releasing-hormone neurons in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) forebrain before and after upstream migration

  H Kudo, S Hyodo, H Ueda, O Hiroi, K Aida, A Urano, K Yamauchi

  CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 284 2 261 - 267 1996年05月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Cytophysiology of gonadotropin-releasing-hormone neurons in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) was examined before and after upstream migration by an immunocytochemical technique with a specific antiserum to salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone and an in situ hybridization technique with an Oligonucleotide encoding salmon gonadotropin-releasing-hormone precursor (pro-salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone). In the forebrain (olfactory nerve, olfactory bulb, telencephalon, and preoptic area), salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone-immunoreactive neurons and neurons showing signals for pro-salmon gonadotropin-releasing-hormone mRNA were compared between fish from the coastal sea and those from the spawning ground, Neurons in the dorsal region of the olfactory nerve and in the ventral region of the transitional area between olfactory nerve and olfactory bulb showed strong salmon gonadotropin-re leasing-hormone immunoreactivity and strong hybridization signals in fish from the coastal sea, but these activities and signals were not observed or were decreased in number in fish from the spawning ground. The neurons in the olfactory bulb, telencephalon, and preoptic area consistently revealed salmon gonadotropin-releasing-hormone immunoreactivity and hybridization signals, and the hybridization signals of salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the telencephalon and the preoptic area were stronger in fish from the spawning ground than in those from the coastal sea. These findings suggest that salmon gonadotropin-releasing-hormone neurons in the olfactory nerve and the transitional area between olfactory nerve and olfactory bulb have different patterns of hormone production than those in the telencephalon and the preoptic area.
• SPECIES-SPECIFICITY OF AN OLFACTORY SYSTEM-SPECIFIC PROTEIN IN VARIOUS SPECIES OF TELEOSTS

  H UEDA, M SHIMIZU, H KUDO, A HARA, O HIROI, M KAERIYAMA, H TANAKA, H KAWAMURA, K YAMAUCHI

  FISHERIES SCIENCE 60 2 239 - 240 1994年04月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• Detection of thyroid hormone receptors in the olfactory system and brain of wild masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou (Brevoort), during smolting by in vitro autoradiography.

  Kudo H., Tsuneyoshi Y., Nagae M., Adachi S., Yamauchi K., Ueda H., Kawamura H.

  Aquaculture and Fisheries Management（現 Aquaculture Research） 25 Supplement 2 171 - 182 Blackwell Publishing 1994年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Thyroid hormone regulates a number of physiological functions during smolting in salmonids. However, the target sites and roles of thyroid hormone in the central nervous system (CNS) are not known in detail. We detected thyroid hormone-specific binding sites (i.e. thyroid hormone receptors) in the olfactory epithelium and the brain (the olfactory bulb, the telencephalon, the mid-brain and the cerebellum) of wild masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou (Brevoort), during smolting by means of in vitro autoradiography with frozen sections. A saturation experiment with the brain indicated the presence of a single class of binding sites of high affinity. T3-specific binding was detected in the olfactory epithelium and in all regions of the brain except the olfactory bulb. The T3-specific binding value in the olfactory epithelium was higher than in all other regions of the brain. This binding value in the olfactory epithelium increased at the full-smolt stage. The presence of thyroid hormone receptors in various regions of the CNS suggests that thyroid hormone plays an important role in the functional change in the brain and the olfactory epithelium during smolting.
• ULTRASTRUCTURAL DEMONSTRATION OF SALMON-TYPE GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE (SGNRH) IS THE OLFACTORY SYSTEM OF MASU SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-MASOU)

  H KUDO, H UEDA, H KAWAMURA, K AIDA, K YAMAUCHI

  NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS 166 2 187 - 190 1994年01月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Immunocytochemical and immunoelectron microscopic localization of salmon-type gonadotropin-releasing hormone (sGnRH) were observed in the olfactory system (olfactory epithelium, olfactory nerve and olfactory bulb) of masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) to investigate its possible involvement in the olfactory functions. sGnRH-immunoreactive (ir) bipolar neuron, which might be related to the terminal nerve, was located in dorsal portion of the olfactory nerve. sGnRH-ir gold particles were concentrated on electron-dense granule-like structures of 50 nm in diameter in fibers of the olfactory nerve close both to the olfactory epithelium and to the olfactory bulb. These findings suggest that sGnRH might participate in neurotransmisson and/or neuromodulation in the olfactory system of masu salmon. sGnRH would become a useful molecular marker for studying the olfactory imprinting and homing mechanisms in salmonids.
• IMMUNOLOGICAL SIMILARITY BETWEEN AN OLFACTORY SYSTEM-SPECIFIC PROTEIN AND A TESTICULAR GERM-CELL PROTEIN IN KOKANEE SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA)

  H UEDA, H KUDO, M SHIMIZU, K MOCHIDA, S ADACHI, K YAMAUCHI

  ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE 10 4 685 - 690 1993年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  An olfactory system-specific protein (N24; molecular weight 24 kDa) was examined for immunological similarity to proteins from various organs (heart, intestine, kidney, muscle, ovary and testis) of mature kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) by means of Western blotting analysis using a polyclonal antibody to N24. The antibody recognized one 24 kDa protein in the testis but none in the other organs examined. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis revealed that immunoreactive gold particles were mainly concentrated on the nuclei of spermatids and spermatozoa, while no specific gold particles were observed on the nuclei and the cytoplasm of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, Sertoli, Leydig and peritubular cells in maturing and mature testes of kokanee salmon. This is the first description of an antigenic similarity between an olfactory system-specific protein and a testicular germ cell protein in the animal kingdom. This corresponding protein may prove to be a useful molecular marker for studying the mechanism of sperm chemotaxis during fertilization.
• IDENTIFICATION AND IMMUNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF AN OLFACTORY SYSTEM-SPECIFIC PROTEIN IN KOKANEE SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA)

  M SHIMIZU, H KUDO, H UEDA, A HARA, K SHIMAZAKI, K YAMAUCHI

  ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE 10 2 287 - 294 1993年04月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  An olfactory system-specific protein of 24 kDa (N24) was identified in kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) by the comparison of proteins restricted to the olfactory system (olfactory epithelium, olfactory nerve and olfactory bulb) with those found in other parts of the brain (telencephalon, optic tectum, cerebellum, hypothalamus) and hypophysis. A polyclonal antibody to N24 was raised in a rabbit, and the specificity of the antiserum was examined by Western blotting analysis; the antiserum recognized only one 24 kDa band in the olfactory system but not in other parts of the brain in kokanee salmon, sockeye salmon (O. nerka), masu salmon (O. masou) and chum salmon (O. keta). Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that positive immunoreactivity occurred exclusively in the olfactory nerve and in some olfactory neuroepithelial cells. Both at the time of imprinting of maternal stream odorants and at the time of homing to the maternal stream, the immunoreactivity of N24 in fish in the maternal stream was stronger than that in seawater fish. The present study indicates that an olfactory system-specific protein may be importantly related to both imprinting and homing mechanisms in salmonids.

MISC

• 嗅覚刷込をおこなうサケの嗅神経系とその関連分子

  工藤 秀明 AROMA RESEARCH 19 (2) 3 -8 2018年05月 [査読無し][招待有り]
  
• 北海道太平洋側で繁殖するウトウによるサケ幼稚魚捕食量の推定

  大門純平, 綿貫豊, 工藤秀明, 越野陽介 日本水産学会大会講演要旨集 2017 2017年
• Expression of synaptosome-associated protein 25 kDa (SNAP25) in the salmon brain

  Takashi Abe, Yui Minowa, Masaki Kobayashi, Hideaki Kudo CHEMICAL SENSES 41 (9) E140 -E140 2016年11月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• Transcriptional profiling of olfactory imprinting in the olfactory center of Pacific salmon

  Yui Minowa, Seishi Hagihara, Takashi Abe, Shigeho Ijiri, Shinji Adachi, Hideaki Kudo CHEMICAL SENSES 41 (9) E145 -E145 2016年11月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• 嗅粘膜における薬物代謝関連分子の発現とその意義 ーニオイ受容器で異物を処理する細胞たちー

  工藤 秀明 AROMA RESEARCH 16 (3) 14 -18 2015年08月 [査読無し][招待有り]
  
• Transfer of marine-derived nutrients by pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) to terrestrial ecosystems in the Shiretoko World Natural Heritage area, Japan

  Koshino Yousuke, Kudo Hideaki, Kaeriyama Masahide North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission technical report 8 147 -149 2012年
• わが国におけるベニザケの遺伝学的集団構造

  小倉優一郎, SEEB J. E, 東典子, 工藤秀明, 阿部周一, 帰山雅秀 日本水産学会大会講演要旨集 2010 53 2010年09月22日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• 知床半島ルシャ川河畔林生態系におけるカラフトマスによる海由来物質の輸送

  越野陽介, 横山雄哉, 宮本幸太, 吉原啓太, 工藤秀明, 帰山雅秀 日本水産学会大会講演要旨集 2009 56 2009年03月27日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• サケ学研究会Salmon Science Societyの紹介

  工藤 秀明, HIDEAKI KUDO 日本水産学会誌 = Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 74 (6) 1139 -1141 2008年11月15日
• Molecular Cloning and Molecular Histochemistry of Salmon Olfactory Marker Protein in the Lacustrine Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka)

  Hideaki Kudo, Yoshiaki Doi, Hiroshi Ueda, Masahide Kaeriyama CHEMICAL SENSES 33 (8) S62 -S62 2008年10月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• 温暖化を軸とするサケ属魚類バイオマス変動シナリオの試み (総特集 地球規模海洋生態系変動研究(GLOBEC)--温暖化を軸とする海洋生物資源変動のシナリオ)

  帰山 雅秀, 工藤 秀明 海洋 39 (5) 314 -316 2007年05月
• 大井川源流域におけるヤマトイワナとニッコウイワナの食性と体側白点の変化

  宮本幸太, 川合範明, 秋山信彦, 工藤秀明, 帰山雅秀 日本水産学会大会講演要旨集 2007 72 2007年03月28日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• Where, when, and how does mortality occur for juvenile chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta in their first ocean year?

  North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission Technical Report 7 52 -55 2007年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• A comparison of secondary sexual characters and age composition of wild and hatchery chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in the Yurappu River, Southern Hokkaido in Japan

  Imai N, Sagawa Y, Kudo H, Kaeriyama M North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission Technical Report 7 115 -116 2007年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• Comparison of feeding pattern of Pacific salmon between the Western subarctic gyre and the Gulf of Alaska in Summer 2005

  Sagawa Y, Imai N, Kudo H, Kaeriyama M North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission Technical Report 7 85 -87 2007年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis

  Yoshiaki Doi, Hideaki Kudo, Tomoko Nishino, Sunao Fujimoto Journal of UOEH 25 (4) 409 -417 2003年12月01日 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  Vasculogenesis is defined as a neovascularization manner by which endothelial progenitor cells are successively incorporated into the growing capillaries, whereas angiogenesis is another neovascularization manner which includes mitotic proliferations of endothelial cells of the preexisting capillaries and their migration to the vascular tips forming so called "vascular sprouts" or "endothelial buds". Although angiogenesis had been considered to be more prevalent during organogenesis as well as during a wound healing process of adult mammals, recent findings that endothelial progenitor cells were isolated from human peripheral blood and incorporated into sites of active neovascularization have led many researchers to recognize the significance of vasculogenesis in a phenomenon of neovascularization. This paper mainly deals with the history of morphological approaches to clarify the crucial roles of vasculogenesis during organogenesis and a wound healing process.
• Localized expression of hypoxia inducible factor family and differential expression of VEGF splice isoforms in neovascularization and bone formation during regenerating bone and bone marrow after drill-hole injury.

  S Uchida, H Kudo, A Sakai, K Narusawa, M Tanaka, M Watanuki, T Nakamura JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH 16 S176 -S176 2001年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• Vasculogenesis during organogenesis and wound healing

  S Fujimoto, Y Doi, H Kudo, T Nishino 7TH WORLD CONGRESS FOR MICROCIRCULATION 347 -351 2001年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  In neovascularization during organogenesis and wound healing, mesenchymal cells under mitotic proliferation were occasionally associated with growing capillaries, or in contact with the endothelium by expressing immunoreactivities for VEGF/flk-1 and von Willebrand factor. Immunoreactivities for fibronectin and/or laminin in the rough endoplasmic cisterns of such cells, and those for integrin alpha(3) and alpha(5) subunits in addition to the above glycoproteins in the cell areas were noticed. In cultured mesenchymal cells of rabbit phalli, the cell proliferation and cell to cell contact accelerated in bFGF-containing media. These findings indicated the involvement of mesenchymal cells as endothelial precursor cells in neovascularization in a manner of vasculogenesis. The roles of bFGF, and fibronectin and/or laminin in the promotion of vasculogenesis by a receptor-mediated manner were also indicated.
• Vasocontraction of the rat superior mesenteric artery induced by hypoxia

  Y Doi, H Kudo, S Nara, T Nishino, S Fujimoto 7TH WORLD CONGRESS FOR MICROCIRCULATION 323 -327 2001年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  By perfusion of the superior mesenteric artery of male Wistar rat either with normoxic or hypoxic Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS), the hypoxic group induced a severe vasocontraction of the distal arterial branches as revealed by the corrosion cast image. Immunoreactivities for endothelin (ET)-1 as well as for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were seen along the endothelium in both groups, but immunoreactive intensity for eNOS significantly decreased in the hypoxic group. The aggregation of Weibel-Palade (WP) bodies, which are immunoreacted with ET-1, to the apical portion of endothelial cells uniquely occurred in the proximal arterial branch of the hypoxic group. These findings indicate that synergic actions of enhanced ET-1 release from the endothelial cells via WP bodies and of decreased endothelial NO synthesis are involved in the hypoxic vasocontraction.
• Sequential and localized expression of VEGF mRNA in neovascularization and bone formation during regenerating bone after drill-hole injury.

  S Uchida, K Narusawa, W Makoto, H Kudo, S Fujimoto, T Nakamura JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH 15 S548 -S548 2000年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• UBIQUITIN C-TERMIANL HYDROLASE-LIKE PROTEIN EXPRESSED IN THE TESTIS OF THE NILE TILAPIA, Oreochromis niloticus(Developmental Biology)Proceedings of the Seventy-First Annual Meeting of the Zoological Society of Japan :

  Mochida K., Matsubara T., Kudo H., Adachi S., Ueda H., Yamauchi K. Zoological science 17 58 -58 2000年
• Roles of endothelin-1 in regulation of rat hepatic sinusoidal blood flow

  S Fujimoto, Y Doi, H Fukushige, H Kudo, T Nishino 21ST EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON MICROCIRCULATION 33 -37 2000年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Immunoreactivities for big endothelin (ET)-1 and ET-1, and gene expressions for preproET-1mRNA were preferentially seen along the endothelium of interlobular vein (IV) in rat liver vasculature. Rough endoplasmic cisterns and Weibel-Palade (WP) bodies in endothelial cells of IV were immunoreactive for big ET-I and ET-1, respectively. These indicate the involvement of the endothelial cells in synthesis of ET-1, which is in part stored in WP bodies. Since hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were immunoreactive for ET receptor A and B (ETA and ETB), it is thought that ET-1 receptor-mediated HSC contraction regulates hepatic sinusoidal blood flow. The sarcolemma of smooth muscle cells in IV was also immunoreactive for ETA. This implies that IV, receiving a large amount of the portal blood inflow, participates in pump mechanism toward hepatic sinusoidal circulation in a receptor-mediated paracrine fashion.
• Enhancement in the synthesis and release of calcitonin gene-related peptide and endothelin-1 in the hypoxic rat carotid body artery

  T Ozaka, Y Doi, H Kudo, S Fujimoto CONTROL MECHANISMS OF STRESS AND EMOTION: NEUROENDOCRINE-BASED STUDIES 1185 259 -261 1999年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  The rat carotid body under hypoxic conditions was investigated by electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization A remarkable increase in the number of Weibel-Palade (WP) bodies, which occasionally undergo degranulation and exocytosis, occurred in endothelial cells of the hypoxic carotid body artery (CBA). The degree of immunoreactivities and gene expressions of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and endothelin (ET)-1 was significantly enhanced in the hypoxic samples when compared to the normoxic ones. Since WP bodies are involved in the storage and release of these peptides, the present findings indicate that CGRP and ET-I, which are actively synthesized and released from endothelial cells, play a crucial role in the regulation of blood flow through the CBA in hypoxic conditions.
• Increases in arterial blood pressure and heart rate produced by microinjection of antisense nNOS oligonucleotide into the nucleus tractus solitarii

  M Maeda, H Hirano, H Kudo, Y Doi, K Higashi, S Fujimoto CONTROL MECHANISMS OF STRESS AND EMOTION: NEUROENDOCRINE-BASED STUDIES 1185 293 -295 1999年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  In the present study, we investigated the cardiovascular effects of bilateral microinjection of an antisense nNOS (neuronal nitric oxide synthase) oligonucleotide into the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). The antisense was designed to target a region of the rat nNOS mRNA that contains the initiation codon, with a sequence of 5'-CTTCCATGGTATCTGTG-3'; and its corresponding sense sequence (5'-CACAGATACCATGGAAG-3') and scrambled sequence (5'-CGTAGTAGGCATACGTA-3') were designed. The oligonucleotide was diluted in artificial cerebrospinal fluid and mixed with cationic lipids for transfection. Bilateral microinjection of antisense nNOS oligonucleotide (20 pmol/50 nl) into the NTS in urethane-anesthetized, paralyzed Wistar-Kyoto rats (n = 7) produced a significant increase in arterial blood pressure 30-60 min after the microinjection as compared with the changes produced by bilateral microinjection of sense nNOS oligonucleotide (n = 5) or scrambled oligonucleotide (n = 5) into the NTS. Bilateral microinjection of the antisense nNOS produced a significant increase in heart rate 30 min after the microinjection as compared with the change produced by bilateral microinjection of the sense nNOS. Immunohistochemical study showed that nNOS in the NTS was inhibited by the microinjection of the antisense. These results suggest that expression of the nNOS gene in the NTS may regulate circulation.
• The role of endothelin-1 in regulation of rat mesenteric microcirculation

  K Kayashima, H Kudo, Y Doio, S Fujimoto JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY 31 S126 -S127 1998年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Immunocytochemistry of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and the ETA receptor, and scanning electron microscopy using cast resin after treatment with ET-1, were carried out in the rat mesenteric microvasculature. Immunoreaction of ET-1 was preferentially seen along the endothelium of the proximal portion of the anterior mesenteric artery, the endothelial cells of which contain abundant Weibel-Palade (WP) bodies. However, the arterioles and small veins distal to the artery showed Little immunoreactivity but showed heavy immunoreaction of ETA receptors in the media. By scanning electron microscopy after treatment with ET-1, the mesenteric micro vasculature became slightly narrower compared to the control exhibited of localized constricted areas, especially in the region of the small veins. Light microscopy of such areas revealed localized thickening of the medial muscle cells. Because the release of ET-1 from endothelial cells depends in part on extracellular discharge of the WP bodies, the results indicate that ET-1, discharged from the proximal portion of the anterior mesenteric artery, induces vasoconstriction of the arterioles and small veins, mediated by ETA receptors. The localized thickening in areas in the media of the small veins may participate in the maintenance of blood flow through the portal circulation.
• Cytophysiological changes in salmon-type gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the olfactory system of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) during homing migration

  Hideaki Kudo, Susumu Hyodo, Hiroshi Ueda, Osamu Hiroi, Katsumi Aida, Akihisa Urano, Kohei Yamauchi Cell and Tissue Research 284, 261-267 261 -267 1996年05月21日 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  Cytophysiology of gonadotropin-releasing-hormone neurons in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) was examined before and after upstream migration by an immunocytochemical technique with a specific antiserum to salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone and an in situ hybridization technique with an oligonucleotide encoding salmon gonadotropin-releasing-hormone precursor (pro-salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone). In the forebrain (olfactory nerve, olfactory bulb, telencephalon, and preoptic area), salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone-immunoreactive neurons and neurons showing signals for pro-salmon gonadotropin-releasing-hormone mRNA were compared between fish from the coastal sea and those from the spawning ground. Neurons in the dorsal region of the olfactory nerve and in the ventral region of the transitional area between olfactory nerve and olfactory bulb showed strong salmon gonadotropin-releasing-hormone immunoreactivity and strong hybridization signals in fish from the coastal sea, but these activities and signals were not observed or were decreased in number in fish from the spawning ground. The neurons in the olfactory bulb, telencephalon, and preoptic area consistently revealed salmon gonadotropin-releasing-hormone immunoreactivity and hybridization signals, and the hybridization signals of salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the telencephalon and the preoptic area were stronger in fish from the spawning ground than in those from the coastal sea. These findings suggest that salmon gonadotropin-releasing-hormone neurons in the olfactory nerve and the transitional area between olfactory nerve and olfactory bulb have different patterns of hormone production than those in the telencephalon and the preoptic area.

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• 水産科学・海洋環境科学実習

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• 魚類学の百科事典

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  丸善出版 2018年10月 (ISBN: 9784621303177) xxv, 718p, 図版 [8] p
• 海をまるごとサイエンス

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  海文堂 2018年
• フィールドから考える地球の未来 −地域と研究者の対話

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  昭和堂 2016年
• 練習船による水産科学・海洋環境科学実習

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  五稜出版社 2016年
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所属学協会

• 日本味と匂学会   日本水産学会   

共同研究・競争的資金等の研究課題

• サケの興奮嗅細胞分析と網羅的河川水有機化合物分析による母川刷込ニオイ分子の探索

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費補助金 基盤研究C

  研究期間 : 2017年04月 -2021年03月 

  代表者 : 工藤 秀明
• 次世代シーケンサーでの網羅的遺伝子発現解析によるサケ脳の母川刷込関連分子の探索

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費補助金 基盤研究C

  研究期間 : 2014年04月 -2017年03月 

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• 北海道の自然産卵サケ類における回遊履歴情報の資源管理への応用

  公益財団法人 北水協会：北水協会水産学術研究補助事業

  研究期間 : 2013年04月 -2016年03月 

  代表者 : 工藤 秀明
• サケ類における母川刷込関連脳領域の解明：嗅神経一次投射領域の神経解剖学的解析

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費補助金 基盤研究C

  研究期間 : 2011年04月 -2014年03月 

  代表者 : 工藤 秀明
• 我が国の野生サケの保全を目指した環境生物学的研究

  公益財団法人 住友財団：住友財団環境研究助成（一般）

  研究期間 : 2011年04月 -2013年03月 

  代表者 : 工藤 秀明
• ラジコンヘリコプターを用いた航空センサスによる野生シロザケ産卵遡上動態の解析

  公益財団法人 北水協会：北水協会水産学術研究補助事業

  研究期間 : 2010年04月 -2013年03月 

  代表者 : 工藤 秀明
• カラフトマスの性成熟に伴う背部隆起の解明：海洋由来コラーゲンの有効利用を目指して

  公益財団法人 秋山記念生命科学振興財団：秋山記念生命科学振興財団 研究助成（一般）

  研究期間 : 2011年04月 -2012年03月 

  代表者 : 工藤 秀明
• 母川刷込関連時期におけるサケ類嗅上皮の細胞動態と甲状腺ホルモンレセプター発現

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費補助金 基盤研究C

  研究期間 : 2008年04月 -2011年03月 

  代表者 : 工藤 秀明
• 環境変動に対するベーリング海・チャクチ海の海洋生態系の応答

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費補助金 基盤研究B

  研究期間 : 2007年04月 -2010年03月 

  代表者 : 平譯 亨
• 知床世界自然遺産エリアの保全と順応的管理:海域-陸域生態系の相互作用

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費補助金 基盤研究A

  研究期間 : 2006年04月 -2010年03月 

  代表者 : 斎藤 誠一
• 野生サケ類の産卵遡上動態解析のための航空センサス無人飛行システムの開発

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費補助金 萌芽研究

  研究期間 : 2007年04月 -2009年03月 

  代表者 : 帰山 雅秀
• サケ属魚類嗅上皮における薬物代謝関連分子による化学的恒常性維持に関する研究

  公益財団法人 秋山記念生命科学振興財団：秋山記念生命科学振興財団 研究助成（奨励）

  研究期間 : 2007年04月 -2008年03月 

  代表者 : 工藤 秀明
• ゼブラフィッシュ嗅上皮における薬物代謝関連分子検出系の水質汚染評価への応用

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費補助金 若手研究B

  研究期間 : 2005年04月 -2008年03月 

  代表者 : 工藤 秀明
• 線維芽細胞に由来する血管内皮前駆細胞の同定

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費補助金 基盤研究C

  研究期間 : 2003年04月 -2006年03月 

  代表者 : 土肥 良秋
• 嗅上皮における薬物代謝第三相（多剤耐性関連タンパク）による異物排出機構

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費補助金 若手研究B

  研究期間 : 2002年04月 -2005年03月 

  代表者 : 工藤 秀明
• 延髄孤束核での一酸化窒素合成酵素の単一分子の動きの観察

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費補助金 基盤研究C

  研究期間 : 2000年04月 -2002年03月 

  代表者 : 前田 正信
• ラット嗅上皮における嗅覚障害誘発因子の検索

  日本学術振興会：奨励研究A

  研究期間 : 1999年04月 -2001年03月 

  代表者 : 工藤 秀明
• 血管内皮細胞ワイベル・パラーデ小体のエンドセリン-1生合成・修飾過程に果たす役割

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費補助金 基盤研究C

  研究期間 : 1999年04月 -2001年03月 

  代表者 : 藤本 淳
• nNOSアンチセンスDNAを延髄孤束核へ導入した時の循環への効果

  ファイザー：第3回ファイザー循環器病研究助成

  研究期間 : 1998年04月 -1999年03月 

  代表者 : 前田 正信
• 循環調節ペプチドとその受容体の免疫細胞化学と分子組織化学

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費補助金 基盤研究C

  研究期間 : 1997年04月 -1999年03月 

  代表者 : 藤本 淳