研究者情報

マスター

アカウント（マスター）

• 氏名

  飯塚　芳徳(イイヅカ　ヨシノリ), イイヅカ　ヨシノリ

所属（マスター）

• 低温科学研究所　雪氷新領域部門

所属（マスター）

• 低温科学研究所　雪氷新領域部門

独自項目

syllabus

• 2021, 氷河・氷床学特論, Advanced Course in Glacier/Ice Sheet Science, 修士課程, 環境科学院, 氷河、氷床、地球環境、雪、氷、永久凍土、古環境 glacier, ice sheet, earth environment, snow, ice, permafrost, paleoenvironment
• 2021, 大学院共通授業科目（教育プログラム）：南極学, Inter-Graduate School Classes(Educational Program):Antarctic Science, 修士課程, 大学院共通科目, 野外観測、降雪、積雪、気象、水文
• 2021, 古環境学基礎論, Fundamental Course in Paleoenvironmental Science, 修士課程, 環境科学院, 古環境，古気候，古海洋，地球温暖化 Paleoenvironment, Paleoclimatology, Paleoceanography, Global warming
• 2021, 地球雪氷学基礎論, Fundamental Course in Cold Region Sciences, 修士課程, 環境科学院, 雪氷・寒冷圏、雪、氷、極地 cryosphere, snow, ice, polar regions
• 2021, 一般教育演習(ﾌﾚｯｼｭﾏﾝｾﾐﾅｰ), Freshman Seminar, 学士課程, 全学教育, 南極、雪氷、地球環境、氷床、アイスコア、気象、海洋、海氷

researchmap

プロフィール情報

学位

• 博士（理学）（総合研究大学院大学）

プロフィール情報

• 姓

  飯塚, イイヅカ

• 名

  芳徳, ヨシノリ

• ID各種

  201301036034624238

対象リソース

http://kaken.nii.ac.jp/d/r/40370043.ja.html

業績リスト

研究キーワード

• 氷床コア   南極   第四紀   季節変動   エアロゾル   古環境復元   アイスコア   極地   環境変動   地球化学   古環境変動   イオン濃度   無機イオン濃度   塩微粒子   地球環境変動   氷床   時間スケール   陸域水循環・物質循環   フィルン   AIMイベント   D-0イベント   ドームふじ   高時間分解能解析   気候変動   ミランコビッチ理論   ダストフラックス   雪   結晶組織   地球規模環境変動   地球規模気候変動   

研究分野

• 環境・農学 / 環境動態解析
• 自然科学一般 / 大気水圏科学

経歴

• 2007年 - 2012年 北海道大学 低温科学研究所 助教

受賞

• 2011年09月 日本雪氷学会 平田賞
   

  受賞者: 飯塚芳徳

論文

• Development of deformational regimes and microstructures in the deep sections and overall layered structures of the Dome Fuji ice core, Antarctica

  Tomotaka Saruya, Atsushi Miyamoto, Shuji Fujita, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Akira Hori, Makoto Igarashi, Yoshinori Iizuka, Takao Kameda, Hiroshi Ohno, Wataru Shigeyama, Shun Tsutaki

  2024年01月05日
• SE‐Dome II Ice Core Dating With Half‐Year Precision: Increasing Melting Events From 1799 to 2020 in Southeastern Greenland

  Kaoru Kawakami, Yoshinori Iizuka, Mahiro Sasage, Mai Matsumoto, Takeshi Saito, Akira Hori, Sakiko Ishino, Shuji Fujita, Koji Fujita, Keita Takasugi, Takumi Hatakeyama, Saaya Hamamoto, Akihisa Watari, Nao Esashi, Miu Otsuka, Ryu Uemura, Kazuho Horiuchi, Masahiro Minowa, Shohei Hattori, Teruo Aoki, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Kenji Kawamura, Sumito Matoba

  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 128 20 2023年10月13日 

  Abstract Arctic warming has accelerated surface melting even in the highland areas of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS). Understanding the relationship between climate and surface melting is essential for improving the estimates of ice‐sheet mass loss due to warming. Here we analyze a 250 m‐long ice core from the southeastern dome of GrIS (SE‐Dome site; 67°19′17″ N, 36°47′03″ W, 3,161 m a.s.l.), where the annual mean temperature is −20.9°C and the accumulation rate is high and there is a large discrepancy among climate models regarding snow accumulation estimates. A time scale was established for 1799–2020 with a half‐year uncertainty using annual counting of H₂O₂ concentration and five time horizons determined by electrical conductivity, melt events, and tritium concentration. The annual accumulation rate from the ice core shows no significant trend over 221 years and has an average of 1.04 ± 0.20 m w.e. year⁻¹. In contrast, the frequency and thickness of refrozen melt layer (ML) have increased over 221 years, and are synchronized with temperature changes in the Arctic. The thickness of MLs correlates positively with the time‐integrated summer temperature anomaly using a reanalysis of air temperature. The in‐situ accumulation records in the southeastern GrIS provide an important basis for correcting reanalysis data such as ERA5, which in turn are valuable for improving regional climate models.
• Increased oceanic dimethyl sulfide emissions in areas of sea ice retreat inferred from a Greenland ice core

  Yutaka Kurosaki, Sumito Matoba, Yoshinori Iizuka, Koji Fujita, Rigen Shimada

  Communications Earth & Environment 3 1 2022年12月26日 

  Abstract Ocean phytoplankton are an important source of dimethyl sulfide, which influences marine cloud formation. Model studies suggest that declines in Arctic sea ice may lead to increased dimethyl sulfide emissions, however observational support is lacking. Here, we present a 55-year high-resolution ice core record of methane sulfonic acid flux, an oxidation product of dimethyl sulfide, from the southeast Greenland Ice Sheet. We infer temporal variations in ocean dimethyl sulfide emissions and find that springtime (April–June) fluxes of methane sulfonic acid correlate well with satellite-derived chlorophyll-a concentration in the Irminger Sea. Summertime (July–September) methane sulfonic acid fluxes were 3 to 6 times higher between 2002–2014 than 1972–2001. We attribute this to sea ice retreat day becoming earlier and a coincident increase in chlorophyll-a concentration in the adjacent open coastal waters.
• Inclusions in ice layers formed by melting and refreezing processes in a Greenland ice core

  Kaoru Kawakami, Yoshinori Iizuka, Sumito Matoba, Teruo Aoki, Takuto Ando

  Journal of Glaciology 1 - 13 2022年11月21日 

  Abstract In recent decades, surface melting on the inland Greenland ice sheet has increased, leading to significant meltwater-refreezing in the snow and firn. Increased knowledge of the physical and chemical characteristics of these melt features (i.e., ice layers) is needed to help estimate future global sea-level rise. Here, using a combination of microscopy and spectroscopy, we investigate the size, shape, location, and chemical compositions of inclusions in 12 ice layers of the SIGMA-A ice core in the northwestern Greenland ice sheet (78°03′06″N, 67°37′42″W, 1490 m a.s.l.). In the ice layers, we found inclusions exceeding 30 μm diameter that could only be formed by melting–refreezing, which we classify into columnar-, particle-, and rod-like inclusions. We propose that the smaller columnar- and particle-like inclusions of solid Na₂SO₄⋅10H₂O and CaSO₄⋅2H₂O form first, within the ice grains, followed by the larger rod-like inclusions of brines with mainly Na⁺ and Cl⁻ in grain boundaries. Our results suggest a new proxy that may help identify past warm climates in deeper ice cores in Greenland and for studying future ice sheet melting behavior.
• High Flux of Small Sulfate Aerosols During the 1970s Reconstructed From the SE‐Dome Ice Core in Greenland

  Y. Iizuka, R. Uemura, H. Matsui, N. Oshima, K. Kawakami, S. Hattori, H. Ohno, S. Matoba

  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2022年09月16日 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• Development of crystal orientation fabric in the Dome Fuji ice core in East Antarctica: implications for the deformation regime in ice sheets

  Tomotaka Saruya, Shuji Fujita, Yoshinori Iizuka, Atsushi Miyamoto, Hiroshi Ohno, Akira Hori, Wataru Shigeyama, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Kumiko Goto-Azuma

  The Cryosphere 16 7 2985 - 3003 2022年07月27日 

  Abstract. The crystal orientation fabric (COF) of a polar ice sheethas a significant effect on the rheology of the ice sheet. With the aim ofbetter understanding the deformation regime of ice sheets, the workpresented here investigates the COF in the upper 80 % of the Dome FujiStation ice core in East Antarctica. Dielectric anisotropy (Δε) data were acquired as a novel indicator of the verticalclustering of COF resulting from vertical compressional strain within thedome. The Δε values were found to exhibit a generalincrease with depth, but with fluctuations over distances in the order of10–102 m. In addition, significant decreases in Δεwere found to be associated with depths corresponding to three major glacialto interglacial transitions. These changes in Δε areascribed to variations in the deformational history caused by dislocationmotion occurring from near-surface depths to deeper layers. Fluctuations inΔε over distances of less than 0.5 m exhibited a stronginverse correlation with Δε at depths greater thanapproximately 1200 m, indicating that they were enhanced during theglacial-interglacial transitions. The Δε data alsoexhibited a positive correlation with the concentration of chloride ions andan inverse correlation with the amount of dust particles in the ice core atgreater depths corresponding to decreases in the degree of c axis clustering.Finally, we found that fluctuations in Δε persisted toapproximately 80 % of the total depth of the ice sheet. These data suggestthat the factors determining the deformation of ice include theconcentration of chloride ions and the amount of dust particles, and thatthe layered contrast associated with the COF is preserved all the way fromthe near-surface to a depth corresponding to approximately 80 % of thethickness of the ice sheet. These findings provide important implicationsregarding further development of the COF under the various stress-strainconfigurations that the ice will experience in the deepest region,approximately 20 % of the total depth from the ice/bed interface.
• Gypsum formation from calcite in the atmosphere recorded in aerosol particles transported and trapped in Greenland ice core sample is a signature of secular change of SO2 emission in East Asia

  Chihiro Miyamoto, Yoshinori Iizuka, Sumito Matoba, Shohei Hattori, Yoshio Takahashi

  Atmospheric Environment 278 119061 - 119061 2022年06月
• Soluble salts in deserts as a source of sulfate aerosols in an Antarctic ice core during the last glacial period

  Ryu Uemura, Kosuke Masaka, Yoshinori Iizuka, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Hitoshi Matsui, Risei Matsumoto, Miki Uemura, Koji Fujita, Hideaki Motoyama

  Earth and Planetary Science Letters 578 117299 - 117299 2022年01月
• Pure rotational Raman spectroscopy applied to N2/O2 analysis of air bubbles in polar firn

  Hiroshi Ohno, Yoshinori Iizuka, Shuji Fujita

  Journal of Glaciology 67 265 903 - 908 2021年10月 

  Earlier gas measurements of firn air (atmosphere in open pore channels) at polar sites have revealed the occurrence of gas fractionation phenomena during bubble close-off, in addition to well-known thermal and gravitational gas separation. Nevertheless, because of difficulties posed by measurement, little is known about the distribution of air constituents in already closed pores (bubbles) in firn. Herein, we describe the application of high-sensitivity pure rotational Raman spectroscopy, combined with sample immersion in the fluorocarbon-based inert fluid for removing the optical disturbance by diffused reflection. That application efficiently elicits information about nitrogen and oxygen composition ratios (N₂/O₂ or O₂/N₂) for each air bubble in firn. The developed methodology presents important implications for elucidating how gas records are formed and modified in the course of pore close-off in polar firn.
• Physically Based Summer Temperature Reconstruction From Melt Layers in Ice Cores

  Koji Fujita, Sumito Matoba, Yoshinori Iizuka, Nozomu Takeuchi, Akane Tsushima, Yutaka Kurosaki, Teruo Aoki

  Earth and Space Science 8 7 2021年07月17日
• Isotopic evidence for acidity-driven enhancement of sulfate formation after SO2 emission control

  Shohei Hattori, Yoshinori Iizuka, Becky Alexander, Sakiko Ishino, Koji Fujita, Shuting Zhai, Tomás Sherwen, Naga Oshima, Ryu Uemura, Akinori Yamada, Nozomi Suzuki, Sumito Matoba, Asuka Tsuruta, Joel Savarino, Naohiro Yoshida

  Science Advances 7 19 eabd4610 - eabd4610 2021年05月 

  After the 1980s, atmospheric sulfate reduction is slower than the dramatic reductions in sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emissions. However, a lack of observational evidence has hindered the identification of causal feedback mechanisms. Here, we report an increase in the oxygen isotopic composition of sulfate (Δ17OSO42−) in a Greenland ice core, implying an enhanced role of acidity-dependent in-cloud oxidation by ozone (up to 17 to 27%) in sulfate production since the 1960s. A global chemical transport model reproduces the magnitude of the increase in observed Δ17OSO42− with a 10 to 15% enhancement in the conversion efficiency from SO₂ to sulfate in Eastern North America and Western Europe. With an expected continued decrease in atmospheric acidity, this feedback will continue in the future and partially hinder air quality improvements.
• Increasing dust emission from ice free terrain in southeastern Greenland since 2000

  Tomomi Amino, Yoshinori Iizuka, Sumito Matoba, Rigen Shimada, Naga Oshima, Toshitaka Suzuki, Takuto Ando, Teruo Aoki, Koji Fujita

  Polar Science 27 100599 - 100599 2021年03月 

  Mineral dust plays a key role in both local and global climates. At high latitudes, atmospheric dust can affect ice-nuclei formation, and surface dust can reduce the albedo as well as increase subsequent ice melting. As a proxy for past climate, mineral dust is preserved in ice cores, but few studies have examined deposited dust in ice cores during the Anthropocene, especially after 2000. We measured dust concentrations in an ice core at the southeastern dome in Greenland (SE-Dome), and reconstructed the annual and seasonal dust fluxes during 1960–2014. We find the annual average flux during 1960–2014 to be 34.8 ± 13.5 mg m yr , a value about twice that of ice cores further inland. The more recent part of that period, 2000–2014, has the higher annual flux of 46.6 ± 16.2 mg m yr . The annual and autumn dust fluxes highly correlate with air temperature in Tasiilaq (r = 0.61 and 0.50, respectively), a coastal location in southeastern Greenland. Our results suggest that the local dust emissions at the coastal region are increasing due to a decreasing seasonal snow-cover area arising from coastal Greenland warming after 2000. −2 −1 −2 −1
• グリーンランド氷床アイスコアを用いた融解再凍結層に含まれる不純物の解析

  川上 薫, 飯塚 芳徳, 的場 澄人, 青木 輝夫, 杉山 慎, 安藤 卓人

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2021 34 - 34 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2021年
• ネパール・ヒマラヤ, トランバウ氷河アイスコアの水安定同位体分析

  江刺 和音, 對馬 あかね, 植村 立, 飯塚 芳徳, 的場 澄人, 藤田 耕史

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2021 21 - 21 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2021年
• 硫酸の三酸素同位体組成を用いたSO2排出抑制期におけるケミカルフィードバック機構の解明

  服部 祥平, 飯塚 芳徳, Alexander Becky, 石野 咲子, 藤田 耕史, Zhai Shuting, Sherwen Tomás, 大島 長, 植村 立, 山田 明憲, 鈴木 希実, 的場 澄人, 鶴田 明日香, Savarino Joel, 吉田 尚弘

  日本地球化学会年会要旨集 68 158  一般社団法人日本地球化学会 2021年 

  大気中の硫酸の三酸素同位体組成は、大気中におけるSO2から硫酸への酸化過程における酸化剤の寄与率を反映して変動する。本研究では、グリーンランド南東ドームで採取された過去60年分のアイスコアを用い、その硫酸の三酸素同位体組成を分析することで、過去の大気化学反応の変化を復元した。硫酸の三酸素同位体組成は過去60年間で上昇し、SO2の液相O3酸化の寄与率が高くなっていたことを示した。硫酸の三酸素同位体組成の中和率やH+フラックスの変化とよく相関していた。SO2の液相O3酸化は酸性度が低いほど促進されることから、1980年代以降のSO2排出量の削減とアンモニア排出の増加による大気中酸性度の低下が促進の要因であると考えられる。このように、硫酸の三酸素同位体組成の分析によって、SO2排出規制にも関わらず硫酸エアロゾルの減少が鈍化するケミカルフィードバック機構の要因が、大気酸性度の低下によるSO2の液相O3酸化の促進であることが特定された。
• Ice Core Drilling and the Related Observations at SE-Dome site, southeastern Greenland Ice Sheet

  Yoshinori IIZUKA, Sumito MATOBA, Masahiro MINOWA, Tetsuhide YAMASAKI, Kaoru KAWAKAMI, Ayako KAKUGO, Morihiro MIYAHARA, Akihiro HASHIMOTO, Masashi NIWANO, Tomonori TANIKAWA, Koji FUJITA, Teruo AOKI

  Bulletin of Glaciological Research 39 1 - 12 2021年
• Rapidly changing glaciers, ocean and coastal environments, and their impact on human society in the Qaanaaq region, northwestern Greenland

  Shin Sugiyama, Naoya Kanna, Daiki Sakakibara, Takuto Ando, Izumi Asaji, Ken Kondo, Yefan Wang, Yoshiki Fujishi, Shungo Fukumoto, Evgeniy Podolskiy, Yasushi Fukamachi, Minori Takahashi, Sumito Matoba, Yoshinori Iizuka, Ralf Greve, Masato Furuya, Kazutaka Tateyama, Tatsuya Watanabe, Shintaro Yamasaki, Atsushi Yamaguchi, Bungo Nishizawa, Kohei Matsuno, Daiki Nomura, Yuta Sakuragi, Yoshimasa Matsumura, Yoshihiko Ohashi, Teruo Aoki, Masashi Niwano, Naotaka Hayashi, Masahiro Minowa, Guillaume Jouvet, Eef van Dongen, Andreas Bauder, Martin Funk, Anders Anker Bjørk, Toku Oshima

  Polar Science 27 2021年 

  Environments along the coast of Greenland are rapidly changing under the influence of a warming climate in the Arctic. To better understand the changes in the coastal environments, we performed researches in the Qaanaaq region in northwestern Greenland as a part of the ArCS (Arctic Challenge for Sustainability) Project. Mass loss of ice caps and marine-terminating outlet glaciers were quantified by field and satellite observations. Measurements and sampling in fjords revealed the important role of glacial meltwater discharge in marine ecosystems. Flooding of a glacial stream in Qaanaaq and landslides in a nearby settlement were investigated to identify the drivers of the incidents. Our study observed rapid changes in the coastal environments, and their critical impact on the society in Qaanaaq. We organized workshops with the residents to absorb local and indigenous knowledge, as well as to share the results and data obtained in the project. Continuous effort towards obtaining long-term observations requiring involvement of local communities is crucial to contribute to a sustainable future in Greenland.
• Reconstruction of sea ice concentration in northern Baffin Bay using deuterium excess in a coastal ice core from the northwestern Greenland Ice Sheet

  Yutaka Kurosaki, Sumito Matoba, Yoshinori Iizuka, Masashi Niwano, Tomonori Tanikawa, Takuto Ando, Akira Hori, Atsushi Miyamoto, Shuji Fujita, Teruo Aoki

  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 125 16 2020年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• Compositions of Dust and Sea Salts in the Dome C and Dome Fuji Ice Cores From Last Glacial Maximum to Early Holocene Based on Ice‐Sublimation and Single‐Particle Measurements

  I. Oyabu, Y. Iizuka, K. Kawamura, E. Wolff, M. Severi, R. Ohgaito, A. Abe‐Ouchi, M. Hansson

  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 125 4 2020年02月27日
• グリーンランド北西部SIGMA-Aアイスコアの融解再凍結層に含まれる不純物の解析

  川上 薫, 飯塚 芳徳, 的場 澄人, 青木 輝夫, 杉山 慎, 安藤 卓人

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2020 66 - 66 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2020年
• ArCS II 雪氷サブ課題3「季節海氷域における雪氷−大気間の物質・水循環解明とその気候への影響評価」の紹介

  的場 澄人, 飯塚 芳徳, 宮崎 雄三, 鈴木 利孝, 服部 祥平, 植村 立, 原 圭一郎, 大島 長, 山崎 哲秀, 青木 輝夫

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2020 111 - 111 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2020年
• グリーンランド南東ドームアイスコアによる1970年代の硫酸エアロゾル組成とフラックス

  飯塚 芳徳, 植村 立, 松井 仁志, 大島 長, 的場 澄人

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2020 67 - 67 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2020年
• Measurements of beryllium isotopes in ice wedges in Alaska

  Kazuho Horiuchi, Hiroshi Ohno, Go Iwahana, Yoshinori Iizuka, Hiroyuki Matsuzaki

  Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 459 64  Elsevier {BV} 2019年11月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• Reduced marine phytoplankton sulphur emissions in the Southern Ocean during the past seven glacials

  Goto-Azuma K, Hirabayashi M, Motoyama H, Miyake T, Kuramoto T, Uemura R, Igarashi M, Iizuka Y, Sakurai T, Horikawa S, Suzuki K, Suzuki T, Fujita K, Kondo Y, Hattori S, Fujii Y

  Nature Communications 10 1 324  2019年07月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  © 2019, The Author(s). Marine biogenic sulphur affects Earth’s radiation budget and may be an indicator of primary productivity in the Southern Ocean, which is closely related to atmospheric CO2 variability through the biological pump. Previous ice-core studies in Antarctica show little climate dependence of marine biogenic sulphur emissions and hence primary productivity, contradictory to marine sediment records. Here we present new 720,000-year ice core records from Dome Fuji in East Antarctica and show that a large portion of non-sea-salt sulphate, which was traditionally used as a proxy for marine biogenic sulphate, likely originates from terrestrial dust during glacials. By correcting for this, we make a revised calculation of biogenic sulphate and find that its flux is reduced in glacial periods. Our results suggest reduced dimethylsulphide emissions in the Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean during glacials and provide new evidence for the coupling between climate and the Southern Ocean sulphur cycle.
• 南極H128地点の積雪・コア中金属成分

  西野 沙織, 鈴木 利孝, 飯塚 芳徳, 平林 幹啓, 川村 賢二, 本山 秀明

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2019 83 - 83 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2019年
• 南極ドームふじ深層氷コア中の金属成分解析 －海塩性ナトリウムによる海氷面積変動の復元－

  江刺 和音, 鈴木 利孝, 飯塚 芳徳, 平林 幹啓, 川村 賢二, 本山 秀明

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2019 84 - 84 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2019年
• Open-sea and sea-ice fluctuations in nearshore Beaufort Sea during the last deglaciation derived from ion concentrations in ice wedge

  Iizuka, Y, C. Miyamoto, S. Matoba, G. Iwahana, K. Horiuchi, Y. Takahashi, N. Kanna, K. Suzuki, H. Ohno

  Earth and Planetary Science Letter 515 58 - 66 2019年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• Ion concentrations in ice wedges: An innovative approach to reconstruct past climate variability

  Iizuka Yoshinori, Miyamoto Chihiro, Matoba Sumito, Iwahana Go, Horiuchi Kazuho, Takahashi Yoshio, Kanna Naoya, Suzuki Koji, Ohno Hiroshi

  Earth and Planetary Science Letters 515 58 - 66 2019年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  © 2019 Elsevier B.V. For atmospheric gases and aerosols, snow and ice provide a useful archive of paleoenvironmental history. In the northern hemisphere, this archive has been largely limited to Greenland ice, but promising pioneering work has been done recently using chronology of an ice wedge in Barrow, northern Alaska. Here, we investigate past aerosols at the same ice-wedge sampling site, reconstructing the sea-ice fluctuations in the adjacent Beaufort Sea during the Bølling/Allerød (BA) and Younger Dryas (YD) periods. We confirm the integrity of methanesulfonate ion (MS − ) concentrations in the BIWS as marine proxies, and then find that the ice wedge has a high MS − concentration through the beginning (coldest) YD periods. The high MS − concentration indicates that even during the coldest YD periods (12,900–12,700 yrBP), the near-shore region in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea near Barrow may not have been completely filled by permanent sea ice.
• Assessment for paleoclimatic utility of biomass burning tracers in SE-Dome ice core, Greenland

  Parvin F, Seki O, Fujita K, Iizuka Y, Matoba S, Ando T, Sawada K

  Atmospheric Environment 196 86 - 94 2019年01月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  We provide continuous records of biomass burning molecular tracers (levoglucosan and dehydroabietic acid) in a Greenland ice core collected from the Southeastern Dome (the SE-Dome ice core) over the past several decades to assess the paleoclimatic utility of these tracers in Greenland ice cores. An air mass backward-trajectory analysis indicates that eastern Canada is likely the primary source region of the biomass burning tracers. Comparisons of levoglucosan and dehydroabietic acid data in the SE-Dome ice core and area burned (vegetation fire) events in Canada suggests that the biomass burning tracers in the ice core document most of the pronounced biomass burning events in eastern Canada over the past several decades, confirming that analyses of biomass burning molecular tracers in Greenland ice cores are useful to reconstruct the frequency of significant biomass burning events in a local region. However, our study also highlights that the wind pattern when the biomass burning occurs is decisive for the registration of a biomass burning event in an ice core even though long-term changes in the wind regime associated with decadal-scale climate oscillations do not significantly influence the transport and deposition of biomass burning tracers on the Greenland ice sheet.
• Asynchrony between Antarctic temperature and CO2 associated with obliquity over the past 720,000 years

  Ryu Uemura, Hideaki Motoyama, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Jean Jouzel, Kenji Kawamura, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Shuji Fujita, Takayuki Kuramoto, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Takayuki Miyake, Hiroshi Ohno, Koji Fujita, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Yoshinori Iizuka, Shinichiro Horikawa, Makoto Igarashi, Keisuke Suzuki, Toshitaka Suzuki, Yoshiyuki Fujii

  Nature Communications 9 1 2018年12月01日 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  The δD temperature proxy in Antarctic ice cores varies in parallel with CO2 through glacial cycles. However, these variables display a puzzling asynchrony. Well-dated records of Southern Ocean temperature will provide crucial information because the Southern Ocean is likely key in regulating CO2 variations. Here, we perform multiple isotopic analyses on an Antarctic ice core and estimate temperature variations at this site and in the oceanic moisture source over the past 720,000 years, which extend the longest records by 300,000 years. Antarctic temperature is affected by large variations in local insolation that are induced by obliquity. At the obliquity periodicity, the Antarctic and ocean temperatures lag annual mean insolation. Further, the magnitude of the phase lag is minimal during low eccentricity periods, suggesting that secular changes in the global carbon cycle and the ocean circulation modulate the phase relationship among temperatures, CO2 and insolation in the obliquity frequency band.
• High-resolution 129I bomb peak profile in an ice core from SE-Dome site, Greenland

  Angel T. Bautista, Yasuto Miyake, Hiroyuki Matsuzaki, Yoshinori Iizuka, Kazuho Horiuchi

  Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 184-185 14 - 21 2018年04月01日 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  129I in natural archives, such as ice cores, can be used as a proxy for human nuclear activities, age marker, and environmental tracer. Currently, there is only one published record of 129I in ice core (i.e., from Fiescherhorn Glacier, Swiss Alps) and its limited time resolution (1–2 years) prevents the full use of 129I for the mentioned applications. Here we show 129I concentrations in an ice core from SE-Dome, Greenland, covering years 1956–1976 at a time resolution of ∼6 months, the most detailed record to date. Results revealed 129I bomb peaks in years 1959, 1962, and 1963, associated to tests performed by the former Soviet Union, one year prior, in its Novaya Zemlya test site. All 129I bomb peaks were observed in winter (1958.9, 1962.1, and 1963.0), while tritium bomb peaks, another prominent radionuclide associated with nuclear bomb testing, were observed in spring or summer (1959.3, and 1963.6 Iizuka et al., 2017). These results indicate that 129I bomb peaks can be used as annual and seasonal age markers for these years. Furthermore, we found that 129I recorded nuclear fuel reprocessing signals and that these can be potentially used to correct timing of estimated 129I releases during years 1964–1976. Comparisons with other published records of 129I in natural archives showed that 129I can be used as common age marker and tracer for different types of records. Most notably, the 1963 129I bomb peak can be used as common age marker for ice and coral cores, providing the means to reconcile age models and associated trends from the polar and tropical regions, respectively.
• NHM-SMAP: Spatially and temporally high-resolution nonhydrostatic atmospheric model coupled with detailed snow process model for Greenland Ice Sheet

  Masashi Niwano, Teruo Aoki, Akihiro Hashimoto, Sumito Matoba, Satoru Yamaguchi, Tomonori Tanikawa, Koji Fujita, Akane Tsushima, Yoshinori Iizuka, Rigen Shimada, Masahiro Hori

  Cryosphere 12 2 635 - 655 2018年02月23日 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  To improve surface mass balance (SMB) estimates for the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), we developed a 5ĝ€̄km resolution regional climate model combining the Japan Meteorological Agency Non-Hydrostatic atmospheric Model and the Snow Metamorphism and Albedo Process model (NHM-SMAP) with an output interval of 1ĝ€̄h, forced by the Japanese 55-year reanalysis (JRA-55). We used in situ data to evaluate NHM-SMAP in the GrIS during the 2011-2014 mass balance years. We investigated two options for the lower boundary conditions of the atmosphere: an offline configuration using snow, firn, and ice albedo, surface temperature data from JRA-55, and an online configuration using values from SMAP. The online configuration improved model performance in simulating 2ĝ€̄m air temperature, suggesting that the surface analysis provided by JRA-55 is inadequate for the GrIS and that SMAP results can better simulate physical conditions of snow/firn/ice. It also reproduced the measured features of the GrIS climate, diurnal variations, and even a strong mesoscale wind event. In particular, it successfully reproduced the temporal evolution of the GrIS surface melt area extent as well as the record melt event around 12 July 2012, at which time the simulated melt area extent reached 92.4ĝ€̄%. Sensitivity tests showed that the choice of calculation schemes for vertical water movement in snow and firn has an effect as great as 200ĝ€̄Gtĝ€̄year-1 in the GrIS-wide accumulated SMB estimates a scheme based on the Richards equation provided the best performance.
• A 60 Year Record of Atmospheric Aerosol Depositions Preserved in a High-Accumulation Dome Ice Core, Southeast Greenland

  Yoshinori Iizuka, Ryu Uemura, Koji Fujita, Shohei Hattori, Osamu Seki, Chihiro Miyamoto, Toshitaka Suzuki, Naohiro Yoshida, Hideaki Motoyama, Sumito Matoba

  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 123 1 574 - 589 Wiley-Blackwell 2018年01月16日 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  ©2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. The Southeastern Greenland Dome (SE-Dome) has both a high elevation and a high accumulation rate (1.01 m we yr−1), which are suitable properties for reconstructing past environmental changes with a high time resolution. For this study, we measured the major ion fluxes in a 90 m ice core drilled from the SE-Dome region in 2015 and present the records of annual ion fluxes from 1957 to 2014. From 1970 to 2010, the trend of nonsea-salt (nss) SO42− flux decreases, whereas that for NH4+ increases, tracking well with the anthropogenic SOx and NH3 emissions mainly from North America. The result suggests that these fluxes reflect histories of the anthropogenic SOx and NH3 emissions. In contrast, the decadal trend of NO3− flux differs from the decreasing trend of anthropogenic NOx emissions. Although the cause of this discrepancy remains unclear, it may be related to changes in particle formation processes and chemical scavenging rates caused by an increase in sea salt and dust and/or a decrease in nssSO42−. We also find a high average NO3− flux (1.13 mmol m−2 yr−1) in the ice core, which suggests a negligible effect from postdepositional NO3− loss. Thus, the SE-Dome region is an excellent location for reconstructing nitrate fluxes. Over a decadal time scale, our NO3− flux record is similar to those from other ice cores in Greenland high-elevation sites, suggesting that NO3− concentration records from these ice cores are reliable.
• Field activities at the SIGMA-A site, northwestern Greenland Ice Sheet, 2017

  Matoba Sumito, Niwano Masashi, Tanikawa Tomonori, Iizuka Yoshinori, Yamasaki Tetsuhide, Kurosaki Yutaka, Aoki Teruo, Hashimoto Akihiro, Hosaka Masahiro, Sugiyama Shin

  Bulletin of Glaciological Research 36 0 15 - 22 2018年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• 氷床コアの硫酸の三酸素同位体組成から復元する 過去60年間の大気酸化過程の変遷

  服部 祥平, 飯塚 芳徳, 植村 立, 鈴木 希実, 鶴田 明日香, 石野 咲子, 藤田 耕史, 的場 澄人, 吉田 尚弘

  日本地球化学会年会要旨集 65 12  一般社団法人日本地球化学会 2018年 

  グリーンランドの氷床コアは北アメリカやヨーロッパ由来の大気が由来し、過去のエアロゾル動態を復元する貴重な環境媒体である。産業革命以降の人間活動の増大に伴い、大気中に放出される硫黄及び窒素酸化物の濃度が上昇し、1970年以降に北アメリカ、ヨーロッパで排出が抑制された。事実、氷床コア中の硫酸濃度の減少がSO2排出量の減少と対応していることが知られている。本研究では、グリーンランド南東ドーム(SE-Dome)で採取された約90 m、60年分のアイスコアを用い、時間解像度3~6年で硫酸の三酸素同位体組成を分析した。
• 南極 H128 地点の積雪中金属成分から探るエアロゾル輸送

  西野 沙織, 荒井 美穂, 鈴木 利孝, 飯塚 芳徳, 平林 幹啓, 川村 賢二, 本山 秀明

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2018 23 - 23 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2018年
• 南極ドームふじ深層氷コア中のAl/Dust 比の経年変動

  米倉 綾香, 鈴木 利孝, 飯塚 芳徳, 平林 幹啓, 本山 秀明, 川村 賢二

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2018 22 - 22 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2018年
• バフィン湾周辺の環境がグリーンランド北西部の降雪中のd-excessと化学成分に与える影響

  黒﨑豊, 的場澄人, 飯塚芳徳, 庭野匡思, 谷川朋範, 青木輝夫

  雪氷 80 6 515 - 529 2018年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• Seasonal-Scale Dating of a Shallow Ice Core From Greenland Using Oxygen Isotope Matching Between Data and Simulation

  Ryoto Furukawa, Ryu Uemura, Koji Fujita, Jesper Sjolte, Kei Yoshimura, Sumito Matoba, Yoshinori Iizuka

  JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 122 20 10873 - 10887 2017年10月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  A precise age scale based on annual layer counting is essential for investigating past environmental changes from ice core records. However, subannual scale dating is hampered by the irregular intraannual variabilities of oxygen isotope (delta O-18) records. Here we propose a dating method based on matching the delta O-18 variations between ice core records and records simulated by isotope-enabled climate models. We applied this method to a new delta O-18 record from an ice core obtained from a dome site in southeast Greenland. The close similarity between the delta O-18 records from the ice core and models enables correlation and the production of a precise age scale, with an accuracy of a few months. A missing delta O-18 minimum in the 1995/1996 winter is an example of an indistinct delta O-18 seasonal cycle. Our analysis suggests that the missing delta O-18 minimum is likely caused by a combination of warm air temperature, weak moisture transport, and cool ocean temperature. Based on the age scale, the average accumulation rate from 1960 to 2014 is reconstructed as 1.02 m yr(-1) in water equivalent. The annual accumulation rate shows an increasing trend with a slope of 3.6 mm yr(-1), which is mainly caused by the increase in the autumn accumulation rate of 2.6 mm yr(-1). This increase is likely linked to the enhanced hydrological cycle caused by the decrease in Arctic sea ice area. Unlike the strong seasonality of precipitation amount in the ERA reanalysis data in the southeast dome region, our reconstructed accumulation rate suggests a weak seasonality.
• Overview of the chemical composition and characteristics of Na+ and Cl– distributions in samples from Antarctic ice core DF01 (Dome Fuji) drilled in 2001

  Yuko Motizuki, K. Takahashi, Y. Nakai, Y. Iizuka, K. Suzuki, H. Motoyama

  RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 133  2017年03月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• State dependence of climatic instability over the past 720,000 years from Antarctic ice cores and climate modeling

  Kenji Kawamura, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Hideaki Motoyama, Yutaka Ageta, Shuji Aoki, Nobuhiko Azuma, Yoshiyuki Fujii, Koji Fujita, Shuji Fujita, Kotaro Fukui, Teruo Furukawa, Atsushi Furusaki, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Ralf Greve, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Takeo Hondoh, Akira Hori, Shinichiro Horikawa, Kazuho Horiuchi, Makoto Igarashi, Yoshinori Iizuka, Takao Kameda, Hiroshi Kanda, Mika Kohno, Takayuki Kuramoto, Yuki Matsushi, Morihiro Miyahara, Takayuki Miyake, Atsushi Miyamoto, Yasuo Nagashima, Yoshiki Nakayama, Takakiyo Nakazawa, Fumio Nakazawa, Fumihiko Nishio, Ichio Obinata, Rumi Ohgaito, Akira Oka, Jun'ichi Okuno, Junichi Okuyama, Ikumi Oyabu, Frederic Parrenin, Frank Pattyn, Fuyuki Saito, Takashi Saito, Takeshi Saito, Toshimitsu Sakurai, Kimikazu Sasa, Hakime Seddik, Yasuyuki Shibata, Kunio Shinbori, Keisuke Suzuki, Toshitaka Suzuki, Akiyoshi Takahashi, Kunio Takahashi, Shuhei Takahashi, Morimasa Takata, Yoichi Tanaka, Ryu Uemura, Genta Watanabe, Okitsugu Watanabe, Tetsuhide Yamasaki, Kotaro Yokoyama, Masakazu Yoshimori, Takayasu Yoshimoto

  SCIENCE ADVANCES 3 2 2017年02月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Climatic variabilities on millennial and longer time scales with a bipolar seesaw pattern have been documented in paleoclimatic records, but their frequencies, relationships with mean climatic state, and mechanisms remain unclear. Understanding the processes and sensitivities that underlie these changes will underpin better understanding of the climate system and projections of its future change. We investigate the long-term characteristics of climatic variability using a new ice-core record from Dome Fuji, East Antarctica, combined with an existing long record from the Dome C ice core. Antarctic warming events over the past 720,000 years are most frequent when the Antarctic temperature is slightly below average on orbital time scales, equivalent to an intermediate climate during glacial periods, whereas interglacial and fully glaciated climates are unfavourable for a millennial-scale bipolar seesaw. Numerical experiments using a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model with freshwater hosing in the northern North Atlantic showed that climate becomes most unstable in intermediate glacial conditions associated with large changes in sea ice and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Model sensitivity experiments suggest that the prerequisite for the most frequent climate instabilitywith bipolar seesaw pattern during the late Pleistocene era is associated with reduced atmospheric CO2 concentration via global cooling and sea ice formation in the North Atlantic, in addition to extended Northern Hemisphere ice sheets.
• A firn densification process in the high accumulation dome of southeastern Greenland

  Yoshinori Iizuka, Atsushi Miyamoto, Akira Hori, Sumito Matoba, Ryoto Furukawa, Takeshi Saito, Shuji Fujita, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Satoru Yamaguchi, Koji Fujita, Nozomu Takeuchi

  ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH 49 1 13 - 27 2017年02月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  We examine a firn core from a dome in southeast Greenland that exhibits distinct firn densification. The ice was-20.9 degrees C at 20 m depth, and the core gives an average accumulation rate of 1.0 m w.e. yr(-1) in water equivalent. However, the close-off density of 830 kg m(-3) occurs at 83.4-86.8 m depth, which is about 20-m shallower than that obtained from two empirical models. Where the density p > 750 kg m(-3), the densification appears faster than that from the empirical models. As a result, compared to the empirical coefficient, the actual compactive viscosity coefficient is nonlinear and decreases at p > 750 kg m(-3), indicating that the fun with a higher density is softer than that from the empirical result. We argue here that the high accumulation rate creates a high overburden pressure in a short time. Thus, the relative softness of the firn may arise from (1) there being not enough time to form bonds between grains as strong as those in a lower accumulation-rate area, and similarly, (2) the dislocation density in the firn being relatively high.
• データとモデルの酸素同位体比マッチングによるグリーンランド浅層アイスコアの年代決定法

  古川 崚仁, 植村 立, 藤田 耕史, Jesper Sjolte, 芳村 圭, 的場 澄人, 飯塚 芳徳

  日本地球化学会年会要旨集 64 18 - 18 一般社団法人日本地球化学会 2017年 

  アイスコアから過去の環境変化を研究するためには、正確な年代を与えることが不可欠である。一般的には、グリーンランドアイスコアの高精度年代は年層を数えることで正確に求めることができる。しかし、年層同定に用いられる酸素同位体(δ¹⁸O)や化学成分の濃度は不規則な変動を示すことがあり、1年以下(数か月レベル)での年代決定は困難であった。本研究では、アイスコア記録と気候モデルによってシミュレートされたδ¹⁸Oの変動をパターンの対比に基づいて高精度年代決定を試みた。年代推定法は、グリーンランド南東部のドームから得られた新しいアイスコア(SE-Domeコア)に適用した。SE-Domeにおけるアイスコアのδ18O変動パターンと同位体大気大循環モデルの降雪のδ¹⁸O変動パターンの間には、過去54年間に渡って高い相関があった。不規則な数か月レベルの変動にも特徴的な一致が見られたため、±数ヶ月の精度で年代を決定することができた。

• グリーンランド南東コアに保存された過去60年間の硝酸窒素同位体組成の変動

  鶴田 明日香, 服部 祥平, 飯塚 芳徳, 藤田 耕史, 植村 立, 的場 澄人, 吉田 尚弘

  日本地球化学会年会要旨集 64 19 - 19 一般社団法人日本地球化学会 2017年 

  大気中に放出された窒素酸化物(NOx = NO、NO2)は大気酸化剤との反応によって硝酸(NO3-)に変換される。産業革命以降の人間活動の増大に伴い大気中に放出されるNOx濃度は上昇したが、1970年以降に北米やヨーロッパでNOxの排出は抑制され、大気NOxの濃度は減少した。しかし、アイスコア中のNO3-濃度の変動とNOx放出量の増減は必ずしも一致していない。 NO3-の安定同位体組成はNOxの窒素起源情報を保存しているため、過去のNOx動態の復元に有効であると期待されてきた。しかし、NO3-は紫外線による光分解の影響を受けやすいため、涵養量の低い地点では沈着後に光分解に伴う同位体分別によってその同位体組成が変化してしまうことが指摘されている。そこで本研究では、涵養量の高いグリーンランド南東ドームにおいて掘削されたアイスコア試料を用い、沈着後の光分解の影響を受けていないNO3-の窒素同位体組成を分析し、過去60年間のNOx動態の復元を試みた。

• グリーンランド南東ドームアイスコアに含まれる不溶性微粒子の解析

  網野 智美, 飯塚 芳徳, 的場 澄人

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2017 154 - 154 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2017年
• グリーンランド南東ドームに保存された過去60年間の硝酸の起源及び生成過程の変動

  鶴田 明日香, 服部 祥平, 飯塚 芳徳, 藤田 耕史, 植村 立, 的場 澄人, 吉田 尚弘

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2017 120 - 120 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2017年
• 2017年グリーンランド氷床北西部（SIGMA-Aサイト）観測報告

  的場 澄人, 庭野 匡思, 谷川 朋範, 飯塚 芳徳, 山崎 哲秀, 黒﨑 豊, 青木 輝夫, 橋本 明弘, 保坂 征宏, 杉山 慎

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2017 288 - 288 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2017年
• 南極ドームふじ深層氷コア中の金属成分と微粒子濃度の関係

  米倉 綾香, 鈴木 利孝, 飯塚 芳徳, 平林 幹啓, 川村 賢二, 本山 秀明

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2017 30 - 30 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2017年
• 南極ドームふじ南方における氷床表面中の金属成分

  鈴木 利孝, 庄司 愛理, 柴田 麻衣, 飯塚 芳徳, 平林 幹啓, 川村 賢二, 本山 秀明

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2017 29 - 29 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2017年
• グリーンランド南東ドームコア中に記録された金属全濃度変動

  佐々木 千晶, 鈴木 利孝, 平林 幹啓, 飯塚 芳徳

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2017 28 - 28 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2017年
• グリーンランド北西部アイスコアによる過去100年の環境復元

  黒﨑 豊, 的場 澄人, 飯塚 芳徳, 青木 輝夫, 杉山 慎

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2017 191 - 191 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2017年
• Characteristics of Na+ and Cl– distributions in shallow samples from an Antarctic ice core DF01 (Dome Fuji) drilled in 2001: Result of strong atmospheric high-pressure blocking events?

  Y. Motizuki, H. Motoyama, Y. Nakai, K. Suzuki, Y. Iizuka, K. Takahashi

  RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 50 144 2017年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• Seasonal variations in the major chemical species of snow at the South East Dome in Greenland

  Ikumi Oyabu, Sumito Matoba, Tetsuhide Yamasaki, Moe Kadota, Yoshinori Iizuka

  POLAR SCIENCE 10 1 36 - 42 2016年03月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  We analyze snow-pit samples collected in May 2015 at the South East Dome (SE Dome) on the Greenland ice sheet. The analysis includes high-resolution records of delta D and delta O-18, as well as the major ions, CH3SO3-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, NH4+, K+, Ma(2+), and Ca2+. We find that the 3.55-m snow pit recorded temperature and aerosol proxies back to summer or autumn of 2014. This indicates a higher accumulation rate than those at other major drilling sites in Greenland. Due to this high accumulation rate, ion concentrations except Na+ are lower than those typical of the central Greenland ice sheet. Concerning seasonal variability, the Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, and NO3- vary similarly to other sites in Greenland, with the Na+ and Cl- peaking in winter to early spring, Ca2+ peaking in spring, Mg2+ peaking in winter to spring, and NO3- towards a peak in summer while showing smaller peaks in winter to spring. The NH4+ increased in spring, and SO42- increased in autumn to winter at SE Dome. On the other hand, the seasonal trend in the Cl-/Na+ ratio differs from those in the inland region. As we did not fully recover one seasonal cycle, some seasonal peaks may have been missed. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. and NIPR. All rights reserved.
• ドームふじアイスコア中の硫黄同位体分析による硫酸エアロゾルの起源推定

  植村 立, 眞坂 昂佑, 松本 理誠, 植村 美希, 飯塚 芳徳, 平林 幹啓, 本山 秀明

  日本地球化学会年会要旨集 63 23  一般社団法人日本地球化学会 2016年 

  硫酸エアロゾルは、直接・間接効果によって気候変動に影響を与える物質である。その硫黄安定同位体比(δ³⁴S)は、起源ごとに特有の値を持つとともに、酸化過程による分別によって変動することも知られている。したがって、アイスコアのδ³⁴S値から、過去数万年スケールの硫酸エアロゾルの変動メカニズムや起源推定が行える可能性がある。本研究では、最終氷期から完新世にかけてのドームふじアイスコアのδ³⁴Sを測定し、変動メカニズムの解析を行った。DF1コアの完新世のδ³⁴S値は、現在の東南極表面積雪の値と誤差範囲で一致していた。また、DF1コアのδ³⁴Sは、最終氷期から完新世にかけての温暖化に対応して、高くなる傾向を示した。
• グリーンランド南東ドームコアの酸素安定同位体比を用いた気温・涵養量変動の研究

  古川 崚仁, 飯塚 芳徳, 的場 澄人, 植村 立

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2016 31  公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2016年 [査読無し]
  
• 極ドームふじ近傍における次期深層氷床コア掘削

  川村 賢二, 飯塚 芳徳, 植村 立, 内田 努, 大野 浩, 亀田 貴雄, 鈴木 利孝, 高田 守昌, 平林 幹啓, 藤田 耕史, 福井 幸太郎, 本山 秀明, 堀 彰, 堀内 一穂, 的場 澄人, 宮本 淳, 東 久美子, 藤田 秀二, 古川 晶雄, 中澤 文男, 青木 周司, 東 信彦, 阿部 彩子

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2016 194 - 194 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2016年
• Spatial distributions of soluble salts in surface snow of East Antarctica

  Yoshinori Iizuka, Hiroshi Ohno, Ryu Uemura, Toshitaka Suzuki, Ikumi Oyabu, Yu Hoshina, Kotaro Fukui, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Hideaki Motoyama

  TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY 68 2016年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  To better understand how sea salt reacts in surface snow of Antarctica, we collected and identified non-volatile particles in surface snow along a traverse in East Antarctica. Samples were obtained during summer 2012/2013 from coastal to inland regions within 69 degrees S to 80 degrees S and 39 degrees E to 45 degrees E, a total distance exceeding 800 km. The spatial resolution of samples is about one sample per latitude between 1500 and 3800m altitude. Here, we obtain the atomic ratios of Na, S and Cl, and calculate the masses of sodium sulphate and sodium chloride. The results show that, even in the coast snow sample (69 degrees S), sea salt is highly modified by acid (HNO3 or H2SO4). The fraction of sea salt that reacts with acid increases in the region from 70 degrees S to 74 degrees S below 3000m a.s.l., where some NaCl remains. At the higher altitudes (above 3300m a.s.l.) in the inland region (74 degrees S to 80 degrees S), the reaction uses almost all of the available NaCl.
• グリーンランド南東ドームにおける現地観測報告

  大藪 幾美, 飯塚 芳徳, 的場 澄人, 山崎 哲秀, 門田 萌

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2015 73 - 73 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2015年
• 南極ドームふじ深層コア中の金属成分

  荒井 美穂, 鈴木 利孝, 飯塚 芳徳, 平林 幹啓, 本山 秀明

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2015 208 - 208 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2015年
• 南極ドームふじ底面氷の金属成分組成

  熊谷 康平, 鈴木 利孝, 飯塚 芳徳, 平林 幹啓, 本山 秀明

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2015 209 - 209 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2015年
• Chemical compositions of solid particles present in the Greenland NEEM ice core over the last 110,000 years

  Ikumi Oyabu, Yoshinori Iizuka, Hubertus Fischer, Simon Schüpbach, Gideon Gfeller, Anders Svensson, Manabu Fukui, Jørgen Peder Steffensen, Margareta Hansson

  Journal of Geophysical Research 120 18 9789 - 9813 2015年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  This study reports the chemical composition of particles present along Greenland’s North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice core, back to 110,000 years before present. Insoluble and soluble particles larger than 0.45 µm were extracted from the ice core by ice sublimation, and their chemical composition was analyzed using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. We show that the dominant insoluble components are silicates, whereas NaCl, Na2SO4, CaSO4, and CaCO3 represent major soluble salts. For the first time, particles of CaMg(CO3)2 and Ca(NO3)2•4H2O are identified in a Greenland ice core. The chemical speciation of salts varies with past climatic conditions. Whereas the fraction of Na salts (NaCl + Na2SO4) exceeds that of Ca salts (CaSO4 + CaCO3) during the Holocene (0.6-11.7 kyr B.P.), the two fractions are similar during the Bølling-Allerød period (12.9-14.6 kyr B.P.). During cold climate such as over the Younger Dryas (12.0-12.6 kyr B.P.) and the Last Glacial Maximum (15.0-26.9 kyr B.P.), the fraction of Ca salts exceeds that of Na salts, showing that the most abundant ion generally controls the salt budget in each period. High-resolution analyses reveal changing particle compositions: those in Holocene ice show seasonal changes, and those in LGM ice show a difference between cloudy bands and clear layers, which again can be largely explained by the availability of ionic components in the atmospheric aerosol body of air masses reaching Greenland.
• Chemical compositions of sulfate and chloride salts over the last termination reconstructed from the dome fuji ice core, inland antarctica

  Ikumi Oyabu, Yoshinori Iizuka, Ryu Uemura, Takayuki Miyake, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Hideaki Motoyama, Toshimitsu Sakurai, Toshitaka Suzuki, Takeo Hondoh

  Journal of Geophysical Research 119 24 14 - 058 2014年12月27日 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  The flux and chemical composition of aerosols impact the climate. Antarctic ice cores preserve the record of past atmospheric aerosols, providing useful information about past atmospheric environments. However, few studies have directly measured the chemical composition of aerosol particles preserved in ice cores. Here we present the chemical compositions of sulfate and chloride salts from aerosol particles in the Dome Fuji ice core. The analysis method involves ice sublimation, and the period covers the last termination, 25.0–11.0 thousand years before present (kyr B.P.), with a 350 year resolution. The major components of the soluble particles are CaSO4, Na2SO4, and NaCl. The dominant sulfate salt changes at 16.8 kyr B.P. from CaSO4, a glacial type, to Na2SO4, an interglacial type. The sulfate salt flux (CaSO4 plus Na2SO4) inversely correlates with δ18O in Dome Fuji over millennial timescales. This correlation is consistent with the idea that sulfate salt aerosols contributed to the last deglacial warming of inland Antarctica by reducing the aerosol indirect effect. Between 16.3 and 11.0 kyr B.P., the presence of NaCl suggests that winter atmospheric aerosols are preserved. A high NaCl/Na2SO4 fraction between 12.3 and 11.0 kyr B.P. indicates that the contribution from the transport of winter atmospheric aerosols increased during this period.
• Chemical compositions of sulfate and chloride salts over the last termination reconstructed from the Dome Fuji ice core, inland Antarctica

  Ikumi Oyabu, Yoshinori Iizuka, Ryu Uemura, Takayuki Miyake, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Hideaki Motoyama, Toshimitsu Sakurai, Toshitaka Suzuki, Takeo Hondoh

  JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 119 24 14045 - 14058 2014年12月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  The flux and chemical composition of aerosols impact the climate. Antarctic ice cores preserve the record of past atmospheric aerosols, providing useful information about past atmospheric environments. However, few studies have directly measured the chemical composition of aerosol particles preserved in ice cores. Here we present the chemical compositions of sulfate and chloride salts from aerosol particles in the Dome Fuji ice core. The analysis method involves ice sublimation, and the period covers the last termination, 25.0-11.0 thousand years before present (kyr B.P.), with a 350 year resolution. The major components of the soluble particles are CaSO4, Na2SO4, and NaCl. The dominant sulfate salt changes at 16.8 kyr B.P. from CaSO4, a glacial type, to Na2SO4, an interglacial type. The sulfate salt flux (CaSO4 plus Na2SO4) inversely correlates with delta O-18 in Dome Fuji over millennial timescales. This correlation is consistent with the idea that sulfate salt aerosols contributed to the last deglacial warming of inland Antarctica by reducing the aerosol indirect effect. Between 16.3 and 11.0 kyr B.P., the presence of NaCl suggests that winter atmospheric aerosols are preserved. A high NaCl/Na2SO4 fraction between 12.3 and 11.0 kyr B.P. indicates that the contribution from the transport of winter atmospheric aerosols increased during this period.
• Effect of accumulation rate on water stable isotopes of near-surface snow in inland Antarctica

  Yu Hoshina, Koji Fujita, Fumio Nakazawa, Yoshinori Iizuka, Takayuki Miyake, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Takayuki Kuramoto, Shuji Fujita, Hideaki Motoyama

  Journal of Geophysical Research 119 1 274 - 283 2014年01月16日 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Postdepositional changes in water stable isotopes in polar firn were investigated at three sites characterized by different accumulation rates along the East Antarctic ice divide near Dome Fuji. Water stable isotopes, major ion concentrations, and tritium contents of three 2–4 m deep pits were measured at high resolution (2 cm). Temporally, the snow pits cover the past 50 years with snow accumulation rates in the range of 29–41 kg m2 a1 around Dome Fuji. Oxygen isotopic profiles in the three pits do not show annual fluctuations, but instead exhibit multiyear cycles. These multiyear cycles are lower in frequency at Dome Fuji as compared with the other two sites. Peaks of water stable isotopes in the multiyear cycles correspond to some ion concentration minima in the pits, although such relationships are not observed in coastal regions. We propose that the extremely low accumulation environment keeps the snow layer at the near surface, which result in postdepositional modifications of isotopic signals by processes such as ventilation and vapor condensation-sublimation. We estimate that oxygen isotopic ratios could be modified by > 10‰ and that the original seasonal cycle could be completely overprinted under the accumulation conditions at Dome Fuji. Moreover, stake measurements at Dome Fuji suggest that the large variability in snow accumulation rate is the cause of the multiyear cycles.
• 日本-スウェーデン共同南極トラバース2007/2008実施報告(1)企画立案・事前準備と科学研究成果の概要

  藤田 秀二, 福井 幸太郎, 中澤 文男, 榎本 浩之, 杉山 慎, 藤井 理行, 藤田 耕史, 古川 晶雄, 原 圭一郎, 保科 優, 五十嵐 誠, 飯塚 芳徳, 伊村 智, 本山 秀明, Surdyk Sylviane, 植村 立, Shuji Fujita, Kotaro Fukui, Fumio Nakazawa, Hiroyuki Enomoto, Shin Sugiyama, Yoshiyuki Fujii, Koji Fujita, Teruo Furukawa, Keiichiro Hara, Yu Hoshina, Makoto Igarashi, Yoshinori Iizuka, Satoshi Imura, Hideaki Motoyama, Sylviane Surdyk, Ryu Uemura

  南極資料 58 3 352 - 392 国立極地研究所 2014年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  南極地域観測第Ⅶ期5か年計画に基づき，2007/2008 年の南極の夏期シーズンに，国立極地研究所を中心とした研究グループは，スウェーデンの研究者グループと共同で，東南極内陸域のドロンイングモードランド地域の内陸部の氷床環境調査を実施した．本報告は，現地調査前に5年間を費やした研究計画の企画検討の経過や行った事前準備と，現地野外観測を終了した後の6年間に得られた研究成果の概要をまとめるものである．本プロジェクトの調査により，南極内陸高原部の氷床環境の時空間分布について，多くの科学的知見が明らかになった．本報告はその概要を報告する．現地調査の実行の経過は別途の報告に記述する．In the seventh five-year plan of the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition, a group of Japanese scientists (led by the National Institute of Polar Research) together with a group of Swedish scientists, conducted field surveys to better understand the glaciology of the ice sheet in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, during the 2007/2008 austral summer season. This paper reports on the planning and field preparations, and outlines the scientific achievements of the field expedition. We have gained numerous new scientific insights on the spatio-temporal distribution of the ice sheet environment in the inland plateau. Here, we provide an overview of the new knowledge gained.
• Effect of accumulation rate on water stable isotopes of near-surface snow in inland Antarctica

  Yu Hoshina, Koji Fujita, Fumio Nakazawa, Yoshinori Iizuka, Takayuki Miyake, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Takayuki Kuramoto, Shuji Fujita, Hideaki Motoyama

  JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 119 1 274 - 283 2014年01月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Postdepositional changes in water stable isotopes in polar firn were investigated at three sites characterized by different accumulation rates along the East Antarctic ice divide near Dome Fuji. Water stable isotopes, major ion concentrations, and tritium contents of three 2-4m deep pits were measured at high resolution (2cm). Temporally, the snow pits cover the past 50years with snow accumulation rates in the range of 29-41kgm(-2) a(-1) around Dome Fuji. Oxygen isotopic profiles in the three pits do not show annual fluctuations, but instead exhibit multiyearcycles. These multiyearcycles are lower in frequency at Dome Fuji as compared with the other two sites. Peaks of water stable isotopes in the multiyearcycles correspond to some ion concentration minima in the pits, although such relationships are not observed in coastal regions. We propose that the extremely low accumulation environment keeps the snow layer at the near surface, which result in postdepositional modifications of isotopic signals by processes such as ventilation and vapor condensation-sublimation. We estimate that oxygen isotopic ratios could be modified by >10 and that the original seasonal cycle could be completely overprinted under the accumulation conditions at Dome Fuji. Moreover, stake measurements at Dome Fuji suggest that the large variability in snow accumulation rate is the cause of the multiyearcycles.
• Mineral and Sea-Salt Aerosol Fluxes over the Last 340 kyr Reconstructed from the Total Concentration of Al and Na in the Dome Fuji Ice Core

  SatoH, SuzukiT, HirabayashiM, MotoyamaH, IizukaY, FujiiY

  Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 3 186 - 192 2013年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• The rates of sea salt sulfatization in the atmosphere and surface snow of inland Antarctica

  Yoshinori Iizuka, Akira Tsuchimoto, Yu Hoshina, Toshimitsu Sakurai, Margareta Hansson, Torbjorn Karlin, Koji Fujita, Fumio Nakazawa, Hideaki Motoyama, Shuji Fujita

  JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 117 2012年02月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Most of the aerosol particles present in the surface snow and ice of inland Antarctica come from primary sea salt (sodium chloride) and marine biological activity (methansulfonic and sulfuric acids). Melted water from surface snow, firn, and Holocene ice contains mainly sodium, chloride, and sulfate ions. Although it is well known that sea salt aerosols react rapidly with sulfuric acid, a process known as sulfatization, it is not known when this process takes place. In this research we undertake to measure the proportion of sea salt aerosols that undergo sulfatization in the atmosphere and surface snow, as opposed to deeper ice, in order to understand the suitability of sea salt aerosols as a proxy for past climates in deep ice cores. We directly measure the sulfatization rates in recently fallen snow (0-4 m in depth) collected at the Dome Fuji station, using X-ray dispersion spectroscopy to determine the constituent elements of soluble particles and computing the molar ratios of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate. We estimate that about 90% of the initial sea salt aerosols sulfatize as they are taken up by precipitation over Dome Fuji or in the snowpack within one year after being deposited on the ice sheet.
• 氷河・氷床掘削孔検層観測の精密温度測定技術に関する研究

  本山 秀明, 古崎 睦, 高橋 弘, 高田 守昌, 高橋 昭好, 宮原 盛厚, 的場 澄人, 杉山 慎, 飯塚 芳徳, 新堀 邦夫

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2012 161 - 161 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2012年
• 南極ドームふじ氷コア中に見出されたカリウムミョウバンおよび硫酸アルミニウム微粒子

  大野 浩, 飯塚 芳徳, 本堂 武夫, 本山 秀明

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2012 159 - 159 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2012年
• 南極内陸における積雪堆積環境がもたらす水安定同位体とイオン濃度の堆積後の変化

  保科 優, 藤田 耕史, 中澤 文男, 飯塚 芳徳, 三宅 隆之, 平林 幹啓, 倉元 隆之, 本山 秀明, 藤田 秀二

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2012 121 - 121 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2012年
• Formation and metamorphism of stratified firn at sites located under spatial variations of accumulation rate and wind speed on the East Antarctic ice divide near Dome Fuji

  Fujita, S, Enomoto, H, Fukui, K, Iizuka, Y, Motoyama, H, Nakazawa, F, Sugiyama, S, Surdyk, S

  The Cryosphere Discussions 6 2 1205-1267  2012年 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  Abstract. The initial stage of postdepositional metamorphism in polar firn was investigated at sites located under spatial variations of accumulation rate and wind speed along the East Antarctic ice divide near Dome Fuji. A better understanding of this process is important for interpreting local insolation proxies used for astronomical dating of deep ice cores. Three 2–4 m deep pits were excavated and physical properties, including density ρ, grain size D, reflectance R of near infrared light and microwave dielectric anisotropy Δε, were investigated at high spatial resolution. We found that Δε ranges between 0.028 and 0.067 and that such high values occur in the surface ~0.1 m. In addition, short scale variations of ρ are correlated with those of Δε, and inversely correlated with those of D, confirming contrasting development of initially higher density layers and initially lower density layers. Moreover, postdepositional metamorphism makes these contrasts more distinct with increasing depths. Both the contrasts and Δε for given values of ρ are higher under lower accumulation rate conditions and under less windy conditions. Insolation efficiently causes evolution of strata of firn at the ice sheet surface under such conditions. Under more windy conditions, the strata contain more wind-driven hard layers with higher ρ and Δε and thus have larger fluctuations of ρ and Δε. We suggest that the initial variability of ρ at the surface and the duration of exposure to diurnal and seasonal temperature gradients play sequential roles in determining the physical/mechanical properties of firn, which is retained throughout the densification process.
• Spatial and temporal variability of snow accumulation rate on the East Antarctic ice divide between Dome Fuji and EPICA DML

  S. Fujita, P. Holmlund, I. Andersson, I. Brown, H. Enomoto, Y. Fujii, K. Fujita, K. Fukui, T. Furukawa, M. Hansson, K. Hara, Y. Hoshina, M. Igarashi, Y. Iizuka, S. Imura, S. Ingvander, T. Karlin, H. Motoyama, F. Nakazawa, H. Oerter, L. E. Sjöberg, S. Sugiyama, S. Surdyk, J. Ström, R. Uemura, F. Wilhelms

  The Cryosphere 5 4 1057 - 1081 2011年11月28日 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Abstract. To better understand the spatio-temporal variability of the glaciological environment in Dronning Maud Land (DML), East Antarctica, a 2800-km-long Japanese-Swedish traverse was carried out. The route includes ice divides between two ice-coring sites at Dome Fuji and EPICA DML. We determined the surface mass balance (SMB) averaged over various time scales in the late Holocene based on studies of snow pits and firn cores, in addition to radar data. We find that the large-scale distribution of the SMB depends on the surface elevation and continentality, and that the SMB differs between the windward and leeward sides of ice divides for strong-wind events. We suggest that the SMB is highly influenced by interactions between the large-scale surface topography of ice divides and the wind field of strong-wind events that are often associated with high-precipitation events. Local variations in the SMB are governed by the local surface topography, which is influenced by the bedrock topography. In the eastern part of DML, the accumulation rate in the second half of the 20th century is found to be higher by ~15 % than averages over longer periods of 722 a or 7.9 ka before AD 2008. A similar increasing trend has been reported for many inland plateau sites in Antarctica with the exception of several sites on the leeward side of the ice divides.
• Dissociation Behavior of C2H6 Hydrate at Temperatures below the Ice Point: Melting to Liquid Water Followed by Ice Nucleation

  Hiroshi Ohno, Ikumi Oyabu, Yoshinori Iizuka, Takeo Hondoh, Hideo Narita, Jiro Nagao

  JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 115 32 8889 - 8894 2011年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  The dissociation of C2H6 hydrate particles by slow depressurization at temperatures slightly below the ice melting point was studied using optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Visual observations and Raman measurements revealed that ethane hydrates can be present as a metastable state at pressures lower than the dissociation pressures of the three components: ice, hydrate, and free gas. However, they decompose into liquid water and gas phases once the system pressure drops to the equilibrium boundary for supercooled water, hydrate, and free gas. Structural analyses of obtained Raman spectra indicate that structures of the metastable hydrates and liquid water from the hydrate decay are fundamentally identical to those of the stable hydrates and supercooled water without experience of the hydration. These results imply a considerably high energy barrier for the direct hydrate-to-ice transition. Water solidification, probably induced by dynamic nucleation, was also observed during melting.
• The chemical forms of water-soluble microparticles preserved in the Antarctic ice sheet during Termination I

  Toshimitsu Sakurai, Hiroshi Ohno, Shinichiro Horikawa, Yoshinori Iizuka, Tsutomu Uchida, Kazuomi Hirakawa, Takeo Hondoh

  JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY 57 206 1027 - 1032 2011年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  This study clarifies changes in the chemical forms of microparticles during Termination I, the period of drastic climate change between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the Holocene. We determine the chemical forms of individual water-soluble microparticles through micro-Raman spectroscopy and compare the relative frequencies of different types with the ion concentrations in melted ice. Micro-Raman spectroscopy shows that Na2SO4 center dot 10H(2)O and MgSO4 center dot 11H(2)O are abundant in Holocene ice, while CaSO4 center dot 2H(2)O and other salts are abundant in LGM ice. Further, the number of CaSO4 center dot 2H(2)O particles is strongly correlated with the concentration of Ca2+ during Termination I. Taken together, the evidence strongly suggests that most of the Ca2+ exists as CaSO4 center dot 2H(2)O. The different compositions of microparticles from the Holocene and LGM can be explained by ion balance arguments.
• The behavior of sulfate and chloride ions in ice sheets as a function of increasing depth

  Toshimitsu Sakurai, Shinichiro Horikawa, Yoshinori Iizuka, Takayuki Miyake, Tsutomu Uchida, Takeo Hondoh

  Physics and Chemistry of Ice 2010 [Y. Furukawa, G. Sazaki, T. Uchida, N. Watanabe (Eds)], Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University press, Hokkaido, Japan 37 - 44 2011年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• Symmetric Stretching Vibration of CH4 in Clathrate Hydrate Structures

  Hiroshi Ohno, Masato Kida, Toshimitsu Sakurai, Yoshinori Iizuka, Takeo Hondoh, Hideo Narita, Jiro Nagao

  CHEMPHYSCHEM 11 14 3070 - 3073 2010年10月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• Magnesium methanesulfonate salt found in the Dome Fuji (Antarctica) ice core

  Toshimitsu Sakurai, Hiroshi Ohno, F. Elif Genceli, Shinichirou Horikawa, Yoshinori Iizuka, Tsutomu Uchida, Takeo Hondoh

  JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY 56 199 837 - 842 2010年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Using micro-Raman spectroscopy, we identified the chemical forms of methanesulfonate salt particles in reference samples of the Dome Fuji (Antarctica) ice core. We found only (CH3SO3)2Mg center dot nH(2)O among methanesulfonate salts, and this salt particle is most prevalent in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ice. We suggest that during the LGM, (CH3SO3)(2)Mg center dot nH(2)O may have formed in the atmosphere through the chemical reaction of CH3SO3H with sea salts, but probably not in the firn and ice due to the neutralization of acid in LGM ice of inland Antarctica.
• Evidence of past migration of the ice divide between the Shirase and Soya drainage basins derived from chemical characteristics of the marginal ice in the Soya drainage basin, East Antarctica

  Yoshinori Iizuka, Hideki Miura, Shogo Iwasaki, Hideaki Maemoku, Takanobu Sawagaki, Ralf Greve, Hiroshi Satake, Kimikazu Sasa, Yuki Matsushi

  JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY 56 197 395 - 404 2010年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Ice originating near the inland ice divide of the ice sheet can reappear as marginal ice at the surface near the ice terminal in the ablation area. We have analyzed delta(18)O values and ion concentrations of the Skallen, Skarvsnes and Hamna terminal ice sections, located along the estuary line in the Soya drainage basin, East Antarctica. The data suggest that the upper part of the Skallen terminal ice section could have originated from inland precipitation on the Shirase drainage basin during marine isotope stage (MIS) 5e, while the upper part of Skarvsnes and Hamna terminal ice sections could have originated from inland precipitation on the Soya drainage basin. We calculate past elevation maps for the Antarctic ice sheet using the three-dimensional model, SICOPOLIS. This model suggests that the upstream portion of the Soya drainage basin during the glacial period (MIS 2, 3 or 4) was located to the northeast of its present location. A flow history is proposed wherein ice from the inland Shirase drainage area flowed over the present ice-divide line from the Shirase to the Soya drainage basin during the glacial period. The ice in the Soya drainage basin then flowed to the marginal part of the sheet after the ice divide had assumed its present position.
• A Technique for Measuring Microparticles in Polar Ice Using Micro-Raman Spectroscopy

  T. Sakurai, H. Ohno, S. Horikawa, Y. Iizuka, T. Uchida, T. Hondoh

  International Journal of Spectroscopy 2010 384956-1 - 384956-7 Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2010年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  We describe in detail our method of measuring the chemical forms of microparticles in polar ice samples through micro-Raman spectroscopy. The method is intended for solid ice samples, an important point because melting the ice can result in dissociation, contamination, and chemical reactions prior to or during a measurement. We demonstrate the technique of measuring the chemical forms of these microparticles and show that the reference spectra of those salts expected to be common in polar ice are unambiguously detected. From our measurements, Raman intensity of sulfate salts is relatively higher than insoluble dust due to the specific Raman scattering cross-section of chemical forms of microparticles in ice.
• Meridianiite detected in ice

  F. Elif Genceli, Shinichirou Horikawa, Yoshinori Iizuka, Toshimitsu Sakurai, Takeo Hondoh, Toshiyuki Kawamura, Geert-Jan Witkamp

  JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY 55 189 117 - 122 2009年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Inclusions affect the behavior of ice, and their characteristics help us understand the formation history of the ice. Recently, a low-temperature magnesium sulfate salt was discovered. This paper describes this naturally occurring MgSO4 center dot 11H(2)O mineral, meridianiite, derived from salt inclusions in sea ice of Lake Saroma, Japan and in Antarctic continental core ice. Its occurrence is confirmed by using micro-Raman spectroscopy to compare Raman spectra of synthetic MgSO4 center dot 11H(2)O with those of the inclusions.
• Direct observation of salts as micro-inclusions in the Greenland GRIP ice core

  Toshimitsu Sakurai, Yoshinori Iizuka, Shinichiro Horikawa, Sigfus Johnsen, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Jorgen Peder Steffensen, Takeo Hondoh

  JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY 55 193 777 - 783 2009年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  We provide the first direct evidence that a number of water-soluble compounds, in particular calcium sulfate (CaSO4 center dot 2H(2)O) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3), are present as solid, micron-sized inclusions within the Greenland GRIP ice core. The compounds are detected by two independent methods: micro-Raman spectroscopy of a solid ice sample, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of individual inclusions remaining after sublimation. CaSO4 center dot 2H(2)O is found in abundance throughout the Holocene and the last glacial period, while CaCO3 exists mainly in the glacial period ice. We also present size and spatial distributions of the micro-inclusions. These results suggest that water-soluble aerosols in the GRIP ice core are dependable proxies for past atmospheric conditions.
• Constituent elements of insoluble and non-volatile particles during the Last Glacial Maximum exhibited in the Dome Fuji (Antarctica) ice core

  Yoshinori Iizuka, Takayuki Miyake, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Toshitaka Suzuki, Sumito Matoba, Hideaki Motoyama, Yoshiyuki Fujii, Takeo Hondoh

  JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY 55 191 552 - 562 2009年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  In order to find environmental signals based on the dust and calcium-ion concentrations in ice cores, we determine the constituent elements of residue particles obtained after melting ice samples. We have designed a sublimating system that operates at -45 degrees C, below the eutectic temperatures of major salts. This system permits us to obtain a great many non-volatile particles. After studying the nonvolatile particles, we immersed them in water to remove soluble particles and compounds. We thereby analyzed a total of 1272 residue particles (from the melted sample), 2418 non-volatile particles (after sublimation) and 1463 insoluble particles taken from five sections of Last Glacial Maximum ice from the Dome Fuji (Antarctica) ice core. Their constituent elements were determined by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and compared to the dust, calcium-ion and sodium-ion concentrations measured by ion chromatography. Our results indicate that >99.9% of the insoluble particles contain silicon but no sulfur, nitrogen or chlorine. A significant number of the non-volatile particles, however, contain sulfur and chlorine. We conclude that insoluble dust consists mostly of silicate, that almost all calcium ions originate from calcium sulfate and that almost all sodium ions originate from sodium sulfate and sodium chloride.
• Chemical compounds of water-soluble impurities in Dome Fuji ice core (Physics of ice core records (2)) -- (Chemical properties and isotopes)

  Iizuka Yoshinori, Ohno Hiroshi, Sakurai Toshimitsu

  低温科学 68 273 - 285 北海道大学低温科学研究所 2009年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  The amounts of water-soluble impurities in ice cores have been widely discussed in past research on prehistoric climates; in those studies, the analysis of the soluble-aerosol signals of several ion concentrations took place after the ice cores were melted. However, the chemical compounds of the impurities being studied were unclear, due to the ionization of the impurities being caused by the melting of the ice cores. In this paper, the chemical compounds of water-soluble impurities in Dome Fuji ice core are discussed and analyzed using micro-Raman spectroscopy and ion chromatography. Raman spectroscopy helped identify micro-inclusions within ice grains as water-soluble impurities made up primarily of sodium sulfate formed in warm periods and calcium sulfate in cold periods. The major chemical compounds of the water-soluble impurities (sodium sulfate and calcium sulfate) were deduced by examining ion concentrations and the stability of chemical compounds. The amounts of impurities reflect the differences in climatic time periods, as the environment was acidic during warm times and reductive during cold.Physics of Ice Core Records II : Papers collected after the 2nd International Workshop on Physics of Ice Core Records, held in Sapporo, Japan, 2-6 February 2007. Edited by Takeo Hondoh
• 南極ドームふじ氷床コアによる過去72万年間の水溶性エアロゾルの主要組成変動

  飯塚 芳徳, 鈴木 利孝, 平林 幹啓, 三宅 隆之, 本山 秀明, 藤井 理行, 本堂 武夫

  日本地球化学会年会要旨集 56 39 - 39 日本地球化学会 2009年 

  年平均気温が-50℃以下になる南極内陸地域はほぼすべての主要な水溶性エアロゾル塩が固体として存在するため、南極内陸の氷床コアは水溶性エアロゾルの良い保存媒体となる。発表者らは南極ドームふじで採取された氷コアを-50℃環境で昇華させ、残渣の不揮発性粒子の元素組成を分析した。その結果、不溶性粒子の99％にはSiが含まれ、主にシリカ鉱物であること、水溶性粒子のほとんどにはS、Clが含まれ、それぞれ硫酸塩や塩化物塩であることが示唆された。また、最近の氷期-間氷期サイクルにおける水溶性エアロゾルは、1)間氷期や氷期初期の硫酸ナトリウムが水溶性エアロゾルの主成分でエアロゾル濃度の低い時期、2)氷期中期の硫酸カルシウムが主成分で濃度の低い時期、3)氷期末期の硫酸カルシウムが主成分で濃度の高い時期という周期的な変遷をしていることが示唆された。
• 南極ドームふじ積雪の化学成分の堆積後の変化

  保科 優, 藤田 耕史, 中澤 文男, 飯塚 芳徳, 三宅 隆之, 平林 幹啓, 倉元 隆之, 本山 秀明

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2009 84 - 84 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2009年
• 南極ドームふじ氷床コアによる氷期間氷期スケールの水溶性エアロゾルの主要組成変動

  飯塚 芳徳, 鈴木 利孝, 櫻井 俊光, 平林 幹啓, 三宅 隆之, 本山 秀明, 藤井 理行, 本堂 武夫

  雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2009 83 - 83 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会／日本雪工学会 2009年
• Antarctic sea ice extent during the Holocene reconstructed from inland ice core evidence

  Yoshinori Iizuka, Takeo Hondoh, Yoshiyuki Fujii

  JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 113 D15 2008年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Interannual fluctuations in the Antarctic sea ice extent (SIE) affect the global albedo and heat balance, and they may affect global CO2 levels. We found that the annual trend of sodium ion fluxes in the snowpack in the Dome Fuji region of East Antarctica can serve as a proxy for the present-day SIE in the southern Indian Ocean and Weddell Sea sectors. We then used sodium ion profiles obtained from the Dome Fuji ice core to reconstruct the SIE during the Holocene. We observed that (1) the beginnings of both the climatic optimum (12.0 ka BP) and neoglaciation (5.4 ka BP) in the Southern Ocean, indicated by siliceous microfossil records, are consistent with decreases (11.8 ka BP) and increases (5.4 ka BP) in the sodium ion fluxes in the Dome Fuji ice core, and (2) the interannual fluctuation in the SIE during some periods of the neoglaciation was greater than the interannual fluctuation during the climatic optimum.
• A relationship between ion balance and the chemical compounds of salt inclusions found in the Greenland Ice Core Project and Dome Fuji ice cores

  Yoshinori Iizuka, Shinichiro Horikawa, Toshimitsu Sakurai, Sigfus Johnson, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Jørgen Peder Steffensen, Takeo Hondoh

  Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres 113 7 2008年04月16日 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  We have proposed a method of deducing the chemical compounds found in deep polar ice cores by analyzing the balance between six major ions (C1< sup> -< /sup> , NO< inf> 3< /inf> < sup> -< /sup> , SO< inf> 4< /inf> < sup> 2-< /sup> , Na< sup> +< /sup> , Mg< sup> 2+< /sup> , and Ca< sup> 2+< /sup> ). The method is demonstrated for the Holocene and last glacial maximum regions of the Dome Fuji and GRIP ice cores. The dominant compounds depend only on the ion balance and the sequence of chemical reactions. In priority order, the principle salts are calcium sulfate, other sulfates, nitrate, chloride, and carbonate. The chemical abundances deduced by this method agree well with the results of Raman spectroscopy on individual salt inclusions. The abundances in the ice cores are shown to reflect differences in climatic periods (the acidic envirom-nent of the Holocene versus the reductive environment of the last glacial maximum) and regional conditions (the marine environment of Antarctica versus the continental environment of Greenland). Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.
• A relationship between ion balance and the chemical compounds of salt inclusions found in the Greenland Ice Core Project and Dome Fuji ice cores

  Yoshinori Iizuka, Shinichiro Horikawa, Toshimitsu Sakurai, Sigfus Johnson, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Jorgen Peder Steffensen, Takeo Hondoh

  JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 113 D7 2008年04月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  We have proposed a method of deducing the chemical compounds found in deep polar ice cores by analyzing the balance between six major ions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+). The method is demonstrated for the Holocene and last glacial maximum regions of the Dome Fuji and GRIP ice cores. The dominant compounds depend only on the ion balance and the sequence of chemical reactions. In priority order, the principle salts are calcium sulfate, other sulfates, nitrate, chloride, and carbonate. The chemical abundances deduced by this method agree well with the results of Raman spectroscopy on individual salt inclusions. The abundances in the ice cores are shown to reflect differences in climatic periods (the acidic environment of the Holocene versus the reductive environment of the last glacial maximum) and regional conditions (the marine environment of Antarctica versus the continental environment of Greenland).
• 南極・グリーンランド氷床コアから復元した氷期・間氷期における水溶性エアロゾル

  櫻井 俊光, 大野 浩, 飯塚 芳徳, 堀川 信一郎, 青木 輝夫, Johnsen Sigfus, Dahl-Jensen Dorthe, Steffensen J.P., 本堂 武夫

  日本地球化学会年会要旨集 55 422 - 422 日本地球化学会 2008年 

  過去数十万年間における氷期・間氷期サイクルの詳細な情報は、南極やグリーンランド氷床の頂上で鉛直に掘られた氷床コアから復元できる。氷期から間氷期へ気候が急激に変化する引き金は、北半球の日射量の増加であると考えられた。しかし、日射量の変化が、地球の気候に影響を与えることは間違いないが、地球システムの複雑な現象が絡み合っているため、日射量の変化に応答する地表面の気候変動を詳細に見積もることは難しい。それを見積もるためにはまず、過去の大気成分を氷コアから復元して、日射量が地表面まで伝達する過程を氷期と間氷期について計算する（放射強制力）必要がある。本研究は、氷コアに含まれる微粒子の数密度・化学組成を融かさずに測定し、氷期・間氷期における水溶性エアロゾルの詳細を復元することを目的とし、エアロゾルによる氷期・間氷期の放射強制力を明らかにすることを目指すものである。
• Antarctic sea ice extent during the Holocene reconstructed from inland ice core evidence

  Yoshinori Iizuka, Takeo Hondoh, Yoshiyuki Fujii

  Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres 113 15 2008年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Interannual fluctuations in the Antarctic sea ice extent (SIE) affect the global albedo and heat balance, and they may affect global CO< inf> 2< /inf> levels. We found that the annual trend of sodium ion fluxes in the snowpack in the Dome Fuji region of East Antarctica can serve as a proxy for the present-day SIE in the southern Indian Ocean and Weddell Sea sectors. We then used sodium ion profiles obtained from the Dome Fuji ice core to reconstruct the SIE during the Holocene. We observed that (1) the beginnings of both the climatic optimum (12.0 ka BP) and neoglaciation (5.4 ka BP) in the Southern Ocean, indicated by siliceous microfossil records, are consistent with decreases (11.8 ka BP) and increases (5.4 ka BP) in the sodium ion fluxes in the Dome Fuji ice core, and (2) the interannual fluctuation in the SIE during some periods of the neoglaciation was greater than the interannual fluctuation during the climatic optimum. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.
• 東南極内陸高原における過去７２万年間のエアロゾル・フラックスの変動

  東 久美子, 平林 幹啓, 三宅 隆之, 植村 立, 河野 美香, 本山 秀明, 藤井 理行, 飯塚 芳徳, 堀川 信一郎, 鈴木 利孝, 五十嵐 誠, 佐藤 和秀, 鈴木 啓助, 福岡 孝昭, 藤田 耕史, 吉田 尚弘, 渡邉 興亜

  日本雪氷学会全国大会講演予稿集 2007 18 - 18 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会 2007年
• 南極ドームふじ氷床コアにおけるダストの高時間分解能解析：ダストとカルシウムイオンとの関係

  三宅 隆之, 飯塚 芳徳, 蓼沼 拓也, 柳澤 和勲, 佐野 清文, 植村 立, 本堂 武夫, 藤井 理行

  日本雪氷学会全国大会講演予稿集 2007 177 - 177 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会 2007年
• 南極ドームふじ氷床コアにおけるダスト濃度の変動

  三宅 隆之, 藤井 理行, 東 久美子, 飯塚 芳徳, 五十嵐 誠, 植村 立, 河野 美香, 佐藤 和秀, 鈴木 啓助, 鈴木 利孝, 平林 幹啓, 福岡 孝昭, 藤田 耕史, 堀川 信一郎, 本山 秀明, 吉田 尚弘, 渡邉 興亞

  日本雪氷学会全国大会講演予稿集 2007 101 - 101 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会 2007年
• Na2SO4 and MgSO4 salts during the Holocene period derived by high-resolution depth analysis of a Dome Fuji ice core

  Yoshinori Iizuka, Takeo Hondoh, Yoshiyuki Fujii

  JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY 52 176 58 - 64 2006年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  We analyzed the profiles of ionic chemical species in three 500 mm sections of an ice core from Dome Fuji, Antarctica, dated 3.0, 8.9 and 13.3 kyr BP (before present), and compared the profiles to those in the surface snow. The 3.0 and 8.9 kyr sections are from the Holocene and the 13.3 kyr section slightly predates the Holocene. The analyses were done on 2 mm thick slices within each section. At each depth, the primary ionic species were Na+, H+, Cl- and SO42-. The SO42-, Na+ and Mg2+ levels varied with depth in each section over distances ranging from several millimeters to several centimeters. Also, the correlation coefficients between Na+ and SO42- and between Mg2+ and SO42- for each depth were 0.90 or greater, in contrast to the value of 0.59 or less in the surface snow (defined here as 0-3.4 m from the surface). These results suggest that almost all Na+ and Mg2+ in the Holocene ice exists as Na2SO4 and MgSO4 salts, and the formation of these salts occurs not only in the atmosphere during transport, but also in the firn layer.
• 南極ドームふじ地域における雪氷中のNa+濃度と南極海の海氷面積

  飯塚 芳徳, 本堂 武夫, 藤井 理行

  日本雪氷学会全国大会講演予稿集 2006 211 - 211 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会 2006年
• 第２期ドームふじ氷床深層コアの現場処理報告

  藤田 秀二, 東 久美子, 五十嵐 誠, 東 信彦, 亀田 貴雄, 飯塚 芳徳, 斎藤 健, 庄子 仁, 高田 守昌, 田中 洋一, 鈴木 啓助, 鈴木 利孝, 藤井 理行, 藤田 耕史, 古崎 睦, 本堂 武夫, 本山 秀明, 渡邊 興亜

  日本雪氷学会全国大会講演予稿集 2006 210 - 210 公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会 2006年
• Fluctuations in Antarctic sea-ice extent during the past 30 kyr.

  Iizuka, Y, Hondoh, T, Fujii, Y

  Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 2006年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• SO42- minimum in summer snow layer at Dome Fuji, Antarctica, and the probable mechanism

  Y Iizuka, Y Fujii, N Hirasawa, T Suzuki, H Motoyama, T Furukawa, T Hondoh

  JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 109 D4 2004年02月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  By chemically analyzing snow samples at Dome Fuji, Antarctica, we found that the snowdrift deposited just after snowfall and the snow layer down to 3.4 m have summer minima in the non-sea-salt (nss)-SO42- and Na+ concentrations and summer maxima of Cl-/Na+. Such a summer nss-SO42- minimum in either snowdrift or the snow layer has not been reported at any other site in Antarctica and arises in spite of the known maximum in the nss-SO42- concentration in aerosol at Dome Fuji in summer. We then did laboratory experiments to better understand the phenomenon. The results supported the following mechanism for the summer nss-SO42- minimum in the snowdrift and snow layer. In summer, water vapor sublimates from within the snow in the daytime and condenses on the surface as frost in the nighttime, resulting in a dilution of the nss-SO42- concentration. This sublimation-condensation process likely occurs at other cold inland regions. In addition, the results might be useful for obtaining a high-resolution dating method for Dome Fuji deep ice cores by counting the number of layers with low nss-SO42- concentration.
• Stratigraphic analysis of Dome Fuji Antarctic ice core using an optical scanner

  M Takata, Y Iizuka, T Hondoh, S Fujita, Y Fujii, H Shoji

  ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 39, 2004 39 467 - 472 2004年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Long-term changes of snow-accumulation rate in Antarctica are a major uncertainty in our understanding of past climate. Because the visible strata in polar ice are due to variations in the sizes and concentrations of air inclusions and microparticles, the scattered light intensity from an ice core yields valuable information on the stratification, which is likely to provide estimates of the annual accumulation rates. Identification of each layer is therefore necessary, and we developed an optical scanner apparatus to record detailed visible strata of ice cores. The apparatus records the two-dimensional distribution of light-scattering intensity along ice-core samples and produces an image of the whole ice-core sample by an image analysis process. These images showed that ice from Dome Fuji ice core contained a large number of layers. Volcanic layers were also well identified. We processed the scattering intensity on the enhanced intensity images to produce an intensity profile. This profile showed that the period of the intensity variations is consistent with a core-dating model applied to the Dome Fuji ice core. We also found that the intensity peaks are closely correlated to peaks in Ca2+ ion concentrations. Thus, our scanning method is a promising approach to measuring annual-layer thickness and, as a result, may be used to infer past accumulation rates in Antarctica.
• High-time-resolution profiles of soluble ions in the last glacial period of a Dome Fuji (Antarctica) deep ice core

  Y Iizuka, M Takata, T Hondoh, Y Fujii

  ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 39, 2004 39 452 - 456 2004年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  We measured the depth profiles of soluble ions in the Dome Fuji (Antarctica) ice core to search for possible paleoclimate indications of seasonal climate variations in the last glacial period. A 523 mm long core section between 587.65 and 588.18 m depth was selected for this pilot study, and the high-resolution chemical analysis was done on 2mm thick samples. Our results indicate that anion-cation trapping in ice affects the profiles of the soluble ions and [Na+] in the core may preserve its seasonal signal. Correlation coefficients and the equivalent balances of the soluble ions suggest the following selective coexistences: (1) [Cl-] = [Na+], (2) [NO3-] = 1/2[Ca2+] + [K+], and (3) [SO42-] = 1/2[Ca2+] + [H+] + [Mg2+]. These coexistences are probably due to (1) a sea-salt source of Na+ and Cl-, (2) reaction of NO3- with dust for Ca2+ and NO3-, and (3) anion-cation trapping in ice for SO42- and Ca2+ (Mg2+), respectively.
• Chemical characteristics in a 22-m ice core on the Belukha Glacier, Russia

  Iizuka Yoshinori, Fujita Koji, Matoba Sumito, Fujii Yoshiyuki, Matsuki Kenichiro, Kohno Mika, Aizen Vladimir B

  Polar meteorology and glaciology 18 114 - 120 国立極地研究所 2004年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  To better understand how the chemical composition of a glacier in an inland continental region relates to the local climate, we collected ice core samples from the Belukha Glacier, Russia, in July 2001. We analyzed the samples for pH, anions, and cations. The primary soluble ions were SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, Ca2+, and HCOO-. Moreover, we argue the following. 1) Ca2+ and its equivalent SO42-+ NO3- likely originated from terrestrial dust such as soil. 2) HCOO- and its equivalent NH4+ likely originated from vegetation and/or biomass burning. 3) The remaining SO42-+NO3- and NH4+ likely originated from livestock, commercial fertilizers, and natural fertilizers. 4) The NH4+ concentration was low when there was no contribution from vegetation and/or biomass burning.
• Regional characteristics of surface snow chemistry at East Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

  Motoyama, H, K. Kamiyama, T. Shiraiwa, T. Saito, T. Kameda, N. Azuma, S. Fujita, Y. Fujii, K. Suzuki, T. Yamada, T. Suzuki, Y. Iizuka, T. Furukawa, K. Nishimura, S. Kanamori, O. Watanabe

  Seventh International Symposium on Antarctic Glaciology 11  2003年08月01日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• 第二期Dome Fuji氷床コアプロジェクトに用いる光学層位記録装置の開発

  高田 守昌, 飯塚 芳徳, 庄子 仁, 宮本 淳, 本堂 武夫, 藤田 秀二, 藤井 理行, Morimasa Takata, Yoshinori Iizuka, Hitoshi Shoji, Atsushi Miyamoto, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Takeo Hondoh, Shuji Fujita, Yoshiyuki Fujii

  南極資料 = Antarctic Record 47 3 328 - 337 2003年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  第二期ドームふじ氷床コアプロジェクトの現場解析において,簡便に光学層位を記録するため,専用装置を開発した.この装置は,二次元的な光の散乱強度を氷床コアサンプルの深さ方向に沿って連続的に測定する.我々は,この装置のハードウェアおよび制御ソフトウェアを開発した.この結果,経験のないオペレーターでも容易に測定可能な,自動測定装置が完成した.測定速度は5mm/sを想定しており,この場合,現場処理解析の基本長である1.5mのサンプルを約6分間で測定可能である.この装置は第44次越冬隊が南極ドームふじ観測拠点に搬入し,第45次夏隊から始まる深層コア掘削の現場解析処理に使用される予定である.An optical scanner for stratigraphical study was developed for the Dome Fuji ice core project II. The optical scanner measures two-dimensional light scattering intensities and records optical structures of ice cores. We developed the scanner hardware and control software. The line scanner is controlled by a personal computer and is constructed for automatic measurement. The sliding speed of the scanner is about 5mm per second and, therefore, one ice core sample with a standard length for our sample processes (1.5m long) can be measured within about six minutes. The line scanner was transported to Dome Fuji Station, Antarctica, by the wintering party of the 44th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-44), and will be used for Dome Fuji II ice core measurement by the JARE-45 summer party and successive parties.
• Spatial distribution of chemical tracers in snow along the route from the coast to 1000km inland at east Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

  Suzuki, T, Y. Iizuka, T. Furukawa, K. Matsuoka, K. Kamiyama, O. Watanabe

  Chinese Journal of Polar Science 14, 48-56  2003年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• Distribution of sea salt components in snow cover along the traverse route from the coast to Dome Fuji station 1000 km inland at east Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

  T Suzuki, Y Iizuka, K Matsuoka, T Furukawa, K Kamiyama, O Watanabe

  TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY 54 4 407 - 411 2002年09月 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  We show and discuss the results of the regional distribution of Cl- and Na+ concentrations in snow cover along the study route from the coast to Dome Fuji station, 1000 km inland, in east Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. The concentrations of Cl- and Na+ at the coast exponentially decreased with distance from the coast up to 200 km inland. Between 200-1000 km inland, the concentrations of Na+ were nearly constant. On the other hand, the concentrations of Cl- increased with distance beyond 750 km inland. Furthermore, the contribution factors between Cl- and Na+ decreased and the Cl-/Na+ ratio and the nssCl(-)/Cl- ratio increased toward the interior of the continent. These results indicate that sea salt aerosols are transported from the coastal region toward the inland region of the Antarctic continent, and that a source of Cl- other than sea salt exists in the inland plateau of Antarctica.
• Glaciological data collected by the 39th and 40th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition during 1998-2000

  Furukawa, T, T. Yamada, K. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, K. Matsuoka, K. Horikawa, E. Murakata, K. Yasugahira, Y. Iizuka

  JARE Data Reports, No. 267 (Glaciology 29) 2002年04月01日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• 東南極、ハムナ氷瀑底面氷の結晶方位分布

  飯塚 芳徳, 渡辺 興亜

  Bulletin of glaciological research 19 59 - 62 2002年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• Ratios of Mg2+/Na+ in snowpack and an ice core at Austfonna ice cap, Svalbard, as an indicator of seasonal melting

  Y Iizuka, M Igarashi, K Kamiyama, H Motoyama, O Watanabe

  JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY 48 162 452 - 460 2002年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Snowpack and ice-core samples were collected from the dome of Austfonna ice cap, Svalbard, in the spring of both 1998 and 1999. The samples were analyzed for anions, cations, pH, liquid electrical conductivity and oxygen isotopes. Concentrations of chemical components in snowpack with a history of melting were much lower than those in unmelted snowpack. There was a clear difference between Mg2+/Na+ ratios previously in melted snowpack (0.03+/-0.02) and in unmelted snowpack (0.11+/-0.02). We propose that the Mg2+/Na+ ratio can be used as an indicator of whether or not firn or bubbly ice in the Austfonna ice core has experienced melt percolation. The Mg2+/Na+ ratio indicates that firn or bubbly ice prior to AD 1920 was much less affected by melt percolation than firn or bubbly ice formed after 1920.
• Formation processes of a pocket consisting of bubble-free ice in Hamna ice cliff, Soya Coast, East Antarctica

  Iizuka Yoshinori, Satake Hiroshi, Watanabe Okitsugu

  Polar meteorology and glaciology 16 53 - 60 2002年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  To clarify the basal hydrology of Soya drainage, East Antarctica, we studied the formation processes of a pocket consisting of bubble-free ice in Hamna ice cliff, Soya Coast by using stable isotope ratios (δ^<18>O andδD). The stable isotopes of this bubble-free ice are almost the same values withoutδ-value fluctuations as those from Rayleigh-type fractionation; isotopically, the bubble-free ice was heavier by 3.8 and 27‰ for δ^<18>O and δD, respectively, than the neighboring bubbly ice. These results suggest that the pocket was formed by meltwater refreezing during the discharge of water to the lower reach under the Soya drainage. Meltwater under the Soya drainage is considered to have flowed through R-channels.
• 1996・1997年のカムチャツカ半島カレイタ氷河における流出および水文化学的特性

  松元 高峰, 飯塚 芳徳, 兒玉 裕二, Muravyev Yaroslav D, 鈴木 啓助

  Bulletin of glaciological research 19 71 - 80 2002年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  
• 雪氷コアの処理方法の改良

  神山 孝吉, 飯塚 芳徳, Kokichi Kamiyama, Yoshinori Iizuka, Bernhard Stauffer

  南極資料 = Antarctic Record 45 2 171 - 184 2001年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  雪氷コアの解析には, 初期に様々な処理作業を必要とする。特に化学解析の場合には試料を解析機器に導入する前の処理作業が不可欠であり汚染除去の方法など従来から検討されてきた。ここでは低温実験室で行っていた作業の一部を常温実験室で行い, 処理作業環境の向上を目指した。極地研究所の低温実験室に冷凍保管していた雪氷コアの切断作業を常温実験室に設置した温度コントロールチェンバーを利用して行った。チェンバー内部に小型のコア切断機器を設置し試料を整形した後, 直ちにコア密度を測定した。融解後試料の電気伝導度などを測定し, ラベルを記載した専用容器に保管し, その後トリチウム濃度などの計測に供した。コア試料の切断・密度測定・融解・電気伝導度測定・融解保存容器への保管整理で5m/6時間/一人の作業量効率であることを確認した。また冷凍状態での雪氷コア試料を, 常温実験室で深さ方向の連続融解と試料のサンプル容器への自動分注方法について検討した。実際のコア試料を連続融解しイオン分析用に専用の容器への分注を行ったが, 10試料/15cm/30分/一人の作業量を必要とした。なお作業については複数の人間が携わる必要はなく処理作業効率が上昇し, 測定結果は十分満足できる精度であった。Ice core analyses start with the processing of ice cores. Especially for chemical analyses, pre-treatments for introducing the samples to the measuring instruments without contamination is essential. Part of processing can be carried out under a normal laboratory instead of the cold one to improve the efficiency of processing the core samples. The ice core cutting was carried out in a small chamber, with temperature control, installed in a normal laboratory. The ice core sample was cut with a small instrument in the chamber and melted after the determination of solid bulk density. The melted samples were stored after labeling for the planned measurements, such as HTO measurements. The core processing including cutting in the chamber, measurement of bulk density and electrical conductivity before the storage of melted samples with labeling, were carried out at the rate of 5m/(6 hours・person). The continuous melting and sampling procedures for the ice core sample toward the depth direction are also discussed. Continuous melting with continuous sampling for measurement of ion chromatography was carried out on 10 samples/(15cm・30min・person). The processing was efficient for the delicate sampling, and the data obtained in the procedure was supported by those obtained with normal procedure.
• The reduction of chloride ion concentration in basal ice near Hamna Icefall, East Antarctica

  Iizuka Yoshinori, Satake Hiroshi, Watanabe Okitsugu

  Polar meteorology and glaciology 15 107 - 113 国立極地研究所 2001年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  The present paper mainly discusses chloride ions (Cl^-) in debris-laden basal ice near Hamna Icefall, Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica. The basal ice consists of alternating layers of bubble-free and bubbly ice of the order of mm to cm in thickness. Detailed analyses of Cl^- and stable isotopes (δ^<18>O and δD) on the alternating layers were performed. The Cl^- concentrations in the bubble-free ice layers and in the bubbly ice layers whose isotopic fluctuations decrease from neighboring bubble-free ice layers are reduced compared to those in the bubbly ice layers having quasi-neutral values on the isotopic profile. The reduction of Cl concentration in frozen ice compared to that in pre-freezing water was also observed from an experiment on ion fractionation by freezing. These results suggest that the bubble-free ice layers and the bubbly ice layers whose isotopic fluctuation is decreased from that in neighboring bubble-free ice layers were formed by melt-refreezing processes. The reduction of Cl concentration in the basal ice is considered to be an indicator to distinguish whether the basal ice has experienced melt-refreezing or not.
• Regional distribution of chemical tracers in snow cover along the route from S16 to Dome Fuji Station, east Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

  Suzuki Toshitaka, Iizuka Yoshinori, Furukawa Teruo, Matsuoka Kenichi, Kamiyama Kokichi, Watanabe Okitsugu

  Polar meteorology and glaciology 15 133 - 140 国立極地研究所 2001年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  We show and discuss the regional distributions of Cl^-, Na^+, SO_4^2,NO_3 and ^7Be concentrations in snow cover along the route from S16 to Dome Fuji Station in east Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. The concentrations of Cl and Na^+ at the coast exponentially decreased with distance from the coast up to 200km inland. Between 200-1000km inland, the concentrations of Na^+ were nearly constant. On the other hand, the concentrations of Cl increased with distance beyond 750km inland. Furthermore, the contribution factors between Cl and Na^+ decreased and the Cl/Na^+ ratio and the nssCl^-/Cl^- ratio increased toward the interior of the continent. These results indicate that sea salt aerosols are transported from the coastal region toward the inland region of the Antarctic continent, and that a source of Cl other than sea salt exists in the inland plateau of Antarctica. The concentrations of SO_4^2,NO_3 and ^7Be in snow were relatively high in the coastal region and the inland plateau region compared with those in the katabatic-wind region.
• Regional characteristics of chemical constituents in surface snow, Arctic cryosphere

  Motoyama Hideaki, Watanabe Okitsugu, Kamiyama Kokichi, Igarashi Makoto, Azuma Kumiko, Fujii Yoshiyuki, Iizuka Yoshinori, Matoba Sumito, Narita Hideki, Kameda Takao

  Polar meteorology and glaciology 15 55 - 66 国立極地研究所 2001年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Surface snow observations were carried out on many glaciers in the Arctic. The observational sites were in Svalbard, Severnaya Zemlya, Greenland and arctic Canada. The seasonal variations of chemical constituents in snowfall remained in the surface snow on the central Greenland ice sheet where the effect of snowmelt was weak. Conversely, the chemical constituents in the snow layer changed with infiltration of melt water on the Svalbard glacier where strong snowmelt occurred, even in high latitudes. But in general, specific regional characteristics remained in all the glaciers. The concentrations of ions in snow were significantly decreased, because of percolation of melt water. But the ratio of NO_3 to Cl still had unique regional characteristic values.
• 内陸旅行：夏期ドーム旅行

  古川晶雄, 鈴木利孝, 松岡健一, 五十嵐賢二, 草谷洋光, 飯塚芳徳

  日本南極地域観測隊第40次隊報告 369 - 386 2000年04月01日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• スバールバル諸島アウストフォンナ氷帽頂上における融解による積雪中化学主成分の流出

  飯塚 芳徳, 五十嵐 誠, 渡辺 幸一, 神山 孝吉, 渡辺 興亜

  雪氷 62 3 245 - 254 The Japanese Society of Snow and Ice 2000年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  1998年3～4月, スバールバル諸島アウストフォンナ氷帽頂上において, 多点積雪断面観測による積雪試料の採取を行なった.試料は化学分析に用いられた.
  各積雪断面は, 深さ0.50～0.79mを境に, 雪質の違いから上部と下部に分けられる.上部はしもざらめ雪としまり雪, 下部は氷板とざらめ雪が層を成している.下部はδ¹⁸O値や電気伝導度の変動が保持されていない.これらの結果は, 下部の積雪が融解を経験していることを示す.融解による化学主成分の減少過程は各イオン種ごとで異なる.Na⁺, Cl^-に比べてMg²⁺, SO₄^2-は流出しやすい.K⁺, Ca²⁺は融雪後も他のイオン種と相関のない鋭いピークを残している.
  融解を経験していない積雪のMg²⁺/Na⁺比が0.11±0.02であり海塩比 (0.12) とほぼ一致するのに対し, 融解を経験した積雪のMg²⁺/Na⁺比は0.03±0.02の値をとる.Mg²⁺/Na⁺比は氷コア中のフィルンの融解の有無を明らかにする指標になると考えられる.
• Chemical characteristics of basal ice near Hamna Icefall, East Antarctica

  Iizuka Yoshinori, Igarashi Makoto, Shiraiwa Takayuki, Naruse Renji, Yamada Tomomi, Watanabe Okitsugu

  Polar meteorology and glaciology 14 8 - 15 国立極地研究所 2000年 [査読有り][通常論文]
   

  Debris-laden basal ice is exposed along an ice cliff (about 30m high) near Hamna Icefall, Soya Coast, East Antarctica. The basal ice about 6.8m thick can be divided into an upper part (5.5m) and a lower part (1.3m) based on stratigraphic features. Major dissolved ions of the basal ice are probably composed of eight species (Na^+, K^+, Mg^<2+>, Ca^<2+>, Cl, SO_4^2,NO_3 and HCO_3). Almost all Na^+, K^+, Mg^<2+>, Ca^<2+>, SO_4^2 and HCO_3 in the basal ice are considered to have originated from chemical erosion of rock minerals at the base of the ice sheet. According to a calculation of ion composition, the primary rock mineral dissolved in the basal ice is considered to be carbonate.

MISC

• グリーンランド氷床アイスコアを用いた融解再凍結層に含まれる不純物の解析

  川上薫, 川上薫, 飯塚芳徳, 的場澄人, 青木輝夫, 安藤卓人 雪氷研究大会講演要旨集(Web) 2022 2022年
• SIGMA及び関連プロジェクトによるグリーンランド氷床上の大気・雪氷・雪氷微生物研究 : ArCSⅡプロジェクトへのつながり (極地雪氷特集)

  青木 輝夫, 的場 澄人, 庭野 匡思, 朽木 勝幸, 谷川 朋範, 竹内 望, 山口 悟, 本山 秀明, 藤田 耕史, 山崎 哲秀, 飯塚 芳徳, 堀 雅裕, 島田 利元, 植竹 淳, 永塚 尚子, 大沼 友貴彦, 橋本 明弘, 石元 裕史, 田中 泰宙, 大島 長, 梶野 瑞王, 足立 光司, 黒﨑 豊, 杉山 慎, 津滝 俊, 東 久美子, 八久保 晶弘, 川上 薫, 木名瀨 健 雪氷 : journal of the Japanese Society of Snow and Ice 83 (2) 169 -191 2021年03月
• グリーンランド北西部SIGMA-Aアイスコアの融解再凍結層に含まれる不純物の解析

  川上薫, 川上薫, 飯塚芳徳, 的場澄人, 青木輝夫, 杉山慎, 安藤卓人 雪氷研究大会講演要旨集(Web) 2020 2020年
• 不揮発性微粒子の昇華抽出と個別解析によるドームCおよびドームふじ氷床コア中のダストと海塩の沈着量・起源・変質過程の推定

  OYABU Ikumi, OYABU Ikumi, IIZUKA Yoshinori, KAWAMURA Kenji, KAWAMURA Kenji, KAWAMURA Kenji, WOLFF Eric, SEVERI Mirko, HANSSON Margareta 日本地球惑星科学連合大会予稿集(Web) 2019 2019年
• フィルンコア試料を用いたグリーンランド南東部高涵養域における過去60年間の気候変動に伴った雪質変化の評価

  安藤卓人, 飯塚芳徳, 柴田麻衣, 的場澄人, 杉山慎, 飯塚芳徳, 柴田麻衣, 的場澄人, 杉山慎, 安達聖, 山口悟, 藤田耕史, 堀彰, 青木輝夫, 藤田秀二 日本地球惑星科学連合大会予稿集(Web) 2019 ROMBUNNO.ACC26‐03 (WEB ONLY) 2019年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• Greenland records of aerosol source and atmospheric lifetime changes from the Eemian to the Holocene

  S. Schüpbach, H. Fischer, M. Bigler, T. Erhardt, G. Gfeller, D. Leuenberger, O. Mini, R. Mulvaney, N. J. Abram, L. Fleet, M. M. Frey, E. Thomas, A. Svensson, D. Dahl-Jensen, E. Kettner, H. Kjaer, I. Seierstad, J. P. Steffensen, S. O. Rasmussen, P. Vallelonga, M. Winstrup, A. Wegner, B. Twarloh, K. Wolff, K. Schmidt, K. Goto-Azuma, T. Kuramoto, M. Hirabayashi, J. Uetake, J. Zheng, J. Bourgeois, D. Fisher, D. Zhiheng, C. Xiao, M. Legrand, A. Spolaor, J. Gabrieli, C. Barbante, J. H. Kang, S. D. Hur, S. B. Hong, H. J. Hwang, S. Hong, M. Hansson, Y. Iizuka, I. Oyabu, R. Muscheler, F. Adolphi, O. Maselli, J. McConnell, E. W. Wolff Nature Communications 9 (1) 2018年12月01日 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  The Northern Hemisphere experienced dramatic changes during the last glacial, featuring vast ice sheets and abrupt climate events, while high northern latitudes during the last interglacial (Eemian) were warmer than today. Here we use high-resolution aerosol records from the Greenland NEEM ice core to reconstruct the environmental alterations in aerosol source regions accompanying these changes. Separating source and transport effects, we find strongly reduced terrestrial biogenic emissions during glacial times reflecting net loss of vegetated area in North America. Rapid climate changes during the glacial have little effect on terrestrial biogenic aerosol emissions. A strong increase in terrestrial dust emissions during the coldest intervals indicates higher aridity and dust storm activity in East Asian deserts. Glacial sea salt aerosol emissions in the North Atlantic region increase only moderately (50%), likely due to sea ice expansion. Lower aerosol concentrations in Eemian ice compared to the Holocene are mainly due to shortened atmospheric residence time, while emissions changed little.
• 2017 年グリーンランド北西部（SIGMA-A サイト）におけるアイスコアの水安定同位体比

  黒﨑豊, 的場澄人, 飯塚芳徳, 杉山慎, 安藤卓人, 青木輝夫 北海道の雪氷 37 91 -94 2018年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• グリーンランド SIGMA-A アイスコア試料の近赤外光反射率測定

  安藤卓人, 飯塚芳徳, 的場澄人, 杉山慎, 柴田麻衣, 黒崎豊, 堀彰, 八久保晶弘, 藤田秀二, 青木輝夫 雪氷研究大会講演要旨集(Web) 2018 113(J‐STAGE) 2018年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• 南極アイスコア等による古環境復元~2017年度の活動~

  川村賢二, 川村賢二, 川村賢二, 植村立, 本山秀明, 本山秀明, 飯塚芳徳, 堀内一穂, 青木周司, 東久美子, 東久美子, 藤田秀二, 藤田秀二, 関宰, 平林幹啓, 中澤文男, 中澤文男, 大藪幾美, 大野浩, 津滝俊, 阿部彩子 日本地球惑星科学連合大会予稿集(Web) 2018 ROMBUNNO.MIS06‐P12 (WEB ONLY) 2018年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• グリーンランド南東ドームアイスコアの近赤外反射率測定

  柴田麻衣, 山口悟, 藤田耕史, 安達聖, 安藤卓人, 藤田秀二, 堀彰, 青木輝夫, 飯塚芳徳 日本地球惑星科学連合大会予稿集(Web) 2018 ROMBUNNO.ACC29‐P04 (WEB ONLY) 2018年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• Field activities at the SIGMA-A site, northwestern Greenland Ice Sheet, 2017

  Sumito Matoba, Masashi Niwano, Tomonori Tanikawa, Yoshinori Iizuka, Tetsuhide Yamasaki, Tetsuhide Yamasaki, Yutaka Kurosaki, Yutaka Kurosaki, Teruo Aoki, Akihiro Hashimoto, Masahiro Hosaka, Shin Sugiyama Bulletin of Glaciological Research 36 (0) 15 -22 2018年01月01日 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  © 2018 Japanese Society of Snow and Ice. During spring 2017, we conducted research expeditions to the SIGMA-A site, which is located on the northwestern Greenland Ice Sheet. We maintained an automated weather station (AWS) to enable continuous meteorological observations. We extended 1.5-m long poles of the AWS and replaced two aerovane sensors, two thermo-hydrometers and an ultrasonic snow gauge. We also drilled an ice core and recovered a core with a total length of 60.06m, conducted stratigraphic observations, and measured the density of the ice core. In addition, we conducted snow-pit observations and snow sampling, measured the specific surface area of snow using near-infrared reflectance, performed sunphotometry observations, and measured the spectral albedo. To schedule research activities in the field camp and helicopter pick-up flights, we received weather forecasts from the Meteorological Research Institute of Japan through the Internet using a satellite phone every day. We took a male dog to the field camp to alert us to approaching animals.
• グリーンランド氷床における極域気候モデルNHM‐SMAPの2m気温再現精度

  庭野匡思, 青木輝夫, 青木輝夫, 橋本明弘, 的場澄人, 山口悟, 谷川朋範, 藤田耕史, 對馬あかね, 飯塚芳徳, 島田利元, 堀雅裕 日本気象学会大会講演予稿集 (112) 79 2017年09月30日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• Numerical Weather Prediction System based on JMA-NHM for Field Observation Campaigns on the Greenland Ice Sheet

  Hashimoto, A, M. Niwano, T. Aoki, S. Tsutaki, S. Sugiyama, T. Yamasaki, Y. Iizuka, S. Matoba 低温科学 75 91 -104 2017年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  As part of a research project titled, "Snow Impurity and Glacial Microbe effects on abruptwarming in the Arctic" (SIGMA), numerous observation campaigns were conducted on the Greenlandice sheet (GrIS) from FY2011 to FY2015. To support research activities in the field, the JapanMeteorological Agency Non-Hydrostatic Model (JMA-NHM) was applied to form a numerical weatherprediction system covering all of Greenland. Before executing our numerical simulation using thismodel, however, we modified the model to better represent the meteorological processes over theGrIS, since the original model was adjusted to fit mid-latitude environments. Using our modifiedmodel, we performed numerical weather prediction twice per day such that expedition crews in thefield could access the resulting prediction information in the morning and evening, which helped themplan and execute their daily missions. Further, we improved our model during these campaigns byreferencing the daily reports obtained from the observation site on the GrIS. In this paper, wedescribe our weather prediction system and evaluate its performance in reference to surfacemeteorological observation data.
• グリーンランド南東ドームにおける浅層掘削と初期物理解析

  飯塚芳徳, 的場澄人, 藤田秀二, 新堀邦夫, 山崎哲秀, 宮本淳, 堀彰, 斉藤健, 古川崚仁, 杉山慎, 青木輝夫 低温科学 75 45 -52 2017年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• A firn densification process in the high accumulation dome of southeastern Greenland

  Yoshinori Iizuka, Atsushi Miyamoto, Akira Hori, Sumito Matoba, Ryoto Furukawa, Takeshi Saito, Shuji Fujita, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Satoru Yamaguchi, Koji Fujita, Nozomu Takeuchi ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH 49 (1) 13 -27 2017年02月 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  We examine a firn core from a dome in southeast Greenland that exhibits distinct firn densification. The ice was-20.9 degrees C at 20 m depth, and the core gives an average accumulation rate of 1.0 m w.e. yr(-1) in water equivalent. However, the close-off density of 830 kg m(-3) occurs at 83.4-86.8 m depth, which is about 20-m shallower than that obtained from two empirical models. Where the density p > 750 kg m(-3), the densification appears faster than that from the empirical models. As a result, compared to the empirical coefficient, the actual compactive viscosity coefficient is nonlinear and decreases at p > 750 kg m(-3), indicating that the fun with a higher density is softer than that from the empirical result. We argue here that the high accumulation rate creates a high overburden pressure in a short time. Thus, the relative softness of the firn may arise from (1) there being not enough time to form bonds between grains as strong as those in a lower accumulation-rate area, and similarly, (2) the dislocation density in the firn being relatively high.
• 極域気候モデルNHM-SMAPのグリーンランド氷床における計算精度

  庭野 匡思, 青木 輝夫, 橋本 明弘, 的場 澄人, 山口 悟, 谷川 朋範, 藤田 耕史, 對馬 あかね, 飯塚 芳徳, 島田 利元, 堀 雅裕 雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2017 118 2017年
• 塩微粒子のラマン分光分析による南東グリーンランドにおける過去60年間のエアロゾル組成変動の復元

  安藤卓人, 飯塚芳徳, 飯塚芳徳, 大野浩, 杉山慎, 杉山慎 日本地球化学会年会要旨集(Web) 64th ROMBUNNO.1A20(J‐STAGE) 2017年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• 南極氷床と気候の変動及び相互作用に関する研究展望

  川村賢二, 川村賢二, 川村賢二, 杉山慎, 植村立, 本山秀明, 本山秀明, 澤柿教伸, 飯塚芳徳, 堀内一穂, 青木周司, 東久美子, 東久美子, 藤田秀二, 藤田秀二, 関宰, 平林幹啓, 大藪幾美 日本地球惑星科学連合大会予稿集(Web) 2017 ROMBUNNO.MIS10‐12 (WEB ONLY) 2017年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• 極域気候モデルNHM-SMAPのグリーンランド氷床における計算精度

  庭野匡思, 青木輝夫, 青木輝夫, 橋本明弘, 的場澄人, 山口悟, 谷川朋範, 藤田耕史, 對馬あかね, 飯塚芳徳, 島田利元, 堀雅裕 雪氷研究大会講演要旨集(Web) 2017 118(J‐STAGE) 2017年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• Overview of the chemical composition and characteristics of Na+ and CL- distributions in shallow samples from Antarctic ice core DF01 (Dome Fuji) drilled in 2001

  Yuko Motizuki, Hideaki Motoyama, Yoichi Nakai, Keisuke Suzuki, Yoshinori Iizuka, Kazuya Takahashi GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 51 (3) 293 -298 2017年 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  Ice core samples record information about the geological history of the Earth, including past climate changes. Dome Fuji, situated at the highest point of Queen Maud Land, is considered one of the best drilling locations for procuring samples to reconstruct past climates and environments. We present here fundamental data on the concentrations of dissolved ions in shallow samples, between 7.7 m and 65.0 m depth, from the Dome Fuji ice core drilled in 2001. The measured anions were HCOO-, CH3COO-, CH3SO3-, F-, Cl-, NO2-, NO3-, SO42-, C2O42-, and PO43-, and the cations were Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and NH4+. The temporal resolution of the depth profiles of the ion concentrations was less than one year. No significant correlations were observed among the ions except between Na+ and Cl-. The ion balance in the core, based on the averaged ion concentrations of the samples, was different to that of sea salt, a result consistent with the findings of previous studies. In several samples, however, synchronous concentration peaks of Na+ and Cl- were identified, and the Cl-/Na+ ratios of the corresponding samples were close to the sea salt ratio. This observation indicates the possibility that climate conditions were such that precipitation containing sea salt occurred in the Dome Fuji area. The Cl-/Na+ ratio of samples that did not exhibit Na+ and Cl- peaks in the depth profile differed from that previously reported for the covering snow. This result implies that Cl-, but not Na+, was redistributed after deposition. High concentrations of SO42- in some samples may account for this alteration of Cl-/Na+ ratios. To interpret these observations and elucidate the climatic conditions, further studies, such as isotopic analyses of delta O-18 and delta D, are required.
• Physicochemical properties of bottom ice from Dome Fuji, inland East Antarctica

  Hiroshi Ohno, Yoshinori Iizuka, Akira Hori, Atsushi Miyamoto, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Takayuki Miyake, Takayuki Kuramoto, Shuji Fujita, Takahiro Segawa, Ryu Uemura, Toshimitsu Sakurai, Toshitaka Suzuki, Hideaki Motoyama JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE 121 (7) 1230 -1250 2016年07月 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  The deepest ice in inland Antarctica is expected to preserve the oldest ice records and to potentially contain microorganisms. However, little is known about the physicochemical conditions in the deepest part of ice sheets. This study investigates the physicochemical properties of the bottom section (3000-3035m) of the Dome Fuji inland ice core, which is located immediately above unfrozen bedrock. The ubiquitous presence of air hydrates and the water isotope composition of ice comparable to the upper main ice core show that the bottom ice is meteoric. However, ion concentrations exhibit abnormal drops at the greatest depths (approximately below 3033m). In the same depth range, microscopic investigations reveal that considerable relocation of air hydrates and microinclusions (water-soluble impurities) occurs, suggesting that the observed reduction in ion concentration results from the segregation of inclusions to ice grain boundaries and the subsequent discharge of chemicals through liquid-water veins. Principal component analysis of ion data supports the meteoric-ice hypothesis, suggesting that the bottom ice had similar original chemistry through all depths. Statistical analyses of chemical data suggest that the water-soluble impurities attached to hydrates or dust (water-insoluble), the ice-soluble chemical species (such as chlorine), and solid particles are less affected by this chemical displacement phenomenon. It is also noteworthy that in the bottom ice, impurity chemicals, which are limiting nutrients for ice-dwelling microorganisms, are concentrated largely to ice-hydrate interfaces, where oxygen, another vital matter for aerobic microorganisms, is also enriched.
• Sulfur isotopic composition of surface snow along a latitudinal transect in East Antarctica

  Ryu Uemura, Kosuke Masaka, Kotaro Fukui, Yoshinori Iizuka, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Hideaki Motoyama GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 43 (11) 5878 -5885 2016年06月 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  The sulfur stable isotopic values (S-34) of sulfate aerosols can be used to assess oxidation pathways and contributions from various sources, such as marine biogenic sulfur, volcanoes, and sea salt. However, because of a lack of observations, the spatial distribution of S-34 values in Antarctic sulfate aerosols remains unclear. Here we present the first sulfur isotopic values from surface snow samples along a latitudinal transect in eastern Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. The S-34 values of sulfate showed remarkably uniform values, in the range of 14.8-16.9, and no significant decrease toward the inland part of the transect was noted. These results suggest that net isotopic fractionation during long-range transport is insignificant. Thus, the S-34 values can be used to infer source contributions. The S-34 values suggest that marine biogenic sulfur is the dominant source of sulfate aerosols, with a fractional contribution of 8416%.
• Inconsistent relationships between major ions and water stable isotopes in Antarctic snow under different accumulation environments

  Yu Hoshina, Koji Fujita, Yoshinori Iizuka, Hideaki Motoyama POLAR SCIENCE 10 (1) 1 -10 2016年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  Major ions, stable oxygen isotopes (delta O-18), and accumulation rates are analyzed using high temporal resolution data from shallow ice cores and snow pits from East and West Antarctica. Seasonal cycles of major ions and delta O-18 are well preserved at sites with an accumulation rate threshold of >100 kg m(-2) a(-1) and calm wind conditions. The seasonal cycle is unclear at sites with high wind speeds, even if the accumulation rate is greater than the threshold. To eliminate the influences of different source regions on major ion and delta O-18 signals in ice cores, we calculate correlation coefficients between annually averaged major ion concentrations and delta O-18, and then compare these with accumulation rates and other geographical variables such as latitude, elevation, and distance from the coast. We find that accumulation rates are highly correlated with elevation and the 10-m snow temperature, and that major ions and delta O-18 are negatively correlated at low accumulation sites in inland Antarctica. Negative correlations could reflect inconsistent accumulation due to a large inter-annual variability in the accumulation rate. The results show that the relationships between major ions and delta O-18 may not reflect climatic signatures, and could be a result of the unique characteristics of this arid environment. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. and NIPR. All rights reserved.
• 南極ドームふじ近傍における次期深層氷床コア掘削

  川村賢二, 川村賢二, 川村賢二, 本山秀明, 本山秀明, 東久美子, 東久美子, 藤田秀二, 藤田秀二, 古川晶雄, 古川晶雄, 中澤文男, 中澤文男, 青木周司, 東信彦, 阿部彩子, 阿部彩子, 飯塚芳徳, 植村立, 内田努, 大野浩, 亀田貴雄, 鈴木利孝, 高田守昌, 平林幹啓, 藤田耕史, 福井幸太郎, 堀彰, 堀内一穂, 的場澄人, 宮本淳 雪氷研究大会講演要旨集(Web) 2016 2016年
• 硫黄同位体比分析による東南極表面雪の硫酸エアロゾルの起源推定

  植村立, 眞坂昂佑, 福井幸太郎, 飯塚芳徳, 平林幹啓, 本山秀明 日本地球惑星科学連合大会予稿集(Web) 2016 2016年
• 南極ドームふじのでのフィルン層構造の変態:近赤外光の反射率と他の結晶組織構造や化学特性との関係の発達

  藤田秀二, 藤田秀二, 東久美子, 東久美子, 榎本浩之, 榎本浩之, 榎本浩之, 福井幸太郎, 福井幸太郎, 平林幹啓, 堀彰, 保科優, 保科優, 飯塚芳徳, 望月優子, 本山秀明, 本山秀明, 中澤文男, 杉山慎, SURDYK Sylviane, 高橋和也 日本地球惑星科学連合大会予稿集(Web) 2016 2016年
• Spatial distributions of soluble salts in surface snow of East Antarctica

  Yoshinori Iizuka, Hiroshi Ohno, Ryu Uemura, Toshitaka Suzuki, Ikumi Oyabu, Yu Hoshina, Kotaro Fukui, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Hideaki Motoyama Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 68 (1) 2016年 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  To better understand how sea salt reacts in surface snow of Antarctica, we collected and identified non-volatile particles in surface snow along a traverse in East Antarctica. Samples were obtained during summer 2012/2013 from coastal to inland regions within 69°S to 80°S and 39°E to 45°E, a total distance exceeding 800 km. The spatial resolution of samples is about one sample per latitude between 1500 and 3800m altitude. Here, we obtain the atomic ratios of Na, S and Cl, and calculate the masses of sodium sulphate and sodium chloride. The results show that, even in the coast snow sample (698S), sea salt is highly modified by acid (HNO3 or H2SO4). The fraction of sea salt that reacts with acid increases in the region from 70°S to 74°S below 3000m a.s.l., where some NaCl remains. At the higher altitudes (above 3300m a.s.l.) in the inland region (74°S to 80°S), the reaction uses almost all of the available NaCl.
• Glaciological and meteorological observations at the SE-Dome site, southeastern Greenland Ice Sheet

  Yoshinori Iizuka, Sumito Matoba, Tetsuhide Yamasaki, Ikumi Oyabu, Moe Kadota, Teruo Aoki Bulletin of Glaciological Research 34 (1) 1 -10 2016年 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  In order to understand 1) temporal variations of anthropogenic aerosols from European regions under the Icelandic low with high time resolution, and 2) the snow densification mechanism at the high accumulation dome in Greenland, we drilled a 90.45m ice core in a high accumulation area of the southeastern Greenland Ice Sheet. The drilling site (SE-Dome 67.18°N, 36.37°W, 3170m a.s.l.) is located 185km north of the town of Tasiilaq in southeastern Greenland. We also conducted borehole temperature measurements. The temperature in the borehole was -20.9°C at a depth of 20m. In addition, we did snow-pit observations, aerosol sampling, snow sampling for chemical and physical analyses and meteorological observation. Air temperature and air pressure were on average -16.8°C and 667hPa during our stay. The aerosol concentration in the top surface 0.1m snow at SE-Dome in the spring of 2015 was lower than those of the other regions in Greenland, likely due to a highland dome of the ice sheet and/or dilution of mass flux by high snow accumulation.
• Densification of layered firn in the ice sheet at Dome Fuji, Antarctica

  Shuji Fujita, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Akira Hori, Yoshinori Iizuka, Yuko Motizuki, Hideaki Motoyama, Kazuya Takahashi JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY 62 (231) 103 -123 2016年 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  In order to better understand the densification of polar firn, firn cores from the three sites within similar to 10 km of Dome Fuji, Antarctica, were investigated using surrogates of density: dielectric permittivities epsilon(v) and epsilon(h) at microwave frequencies with electrical fields in the vertical and horizontal planes respectively. Dielectric anisotropy Delta epsilon (=epsilon(v) - epsilon(h)) was then examined as a surrogate of the anisotropic geometry of firn. We find that layered densification is explained as a result of complex effects of two phenomena that commonly occur at the three sites. Basically, layers with initially smaller density and smaller geometrical anisotropy deform preferentially throughout the densification process due to textural effects. Second, layers having a higher concentration of Cl- ions deform preferentially during a limited period from the near surface depths until smoothing out of layered Cl- ions by diffusion. We hypothesize that Cl- ions dissociated from sea salts soften firn due to modulation of dislocation movement. Moreover, firn differs markedly across the three sites in terms of strength of geometrical anisotropy, mean rate of densification and density fluctuation. We hypothesize that these differences are caused by textural effects resulting from differences in depositional conditions within various spatial scales.
• Chemical compositions of solid particles present in the Greenland NEEM ice core over the last 110,000 years

  Ikumi Oyabu, Yoshinori Iizuka, Hubertus Fischer, Simon Schuepbach, Gideon Gfeller, Anders Svensson, Manabu Fukui, Jorgen Peder Steffensen, Margareta Hansson JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 120 (18) 9789 -9813 2015年09月 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  This study reports the chemical composition of particles present along Greenland's North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice core, back to 110,000years before present. Insoluble and soluble particles larger than 0.45 mu m were extracted from the ice core by ice sublimation, and their chemical composition was analyzed using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. We show that the dominant insoluble components are silicates, whereas NaCl, Na2SO4, CaSO4, and CaCO3 represent major soluble salts. For the first time, particles of CaMg(CO3)(2) and Ca(NO3)(2)center dot 4H(2)O are identified in a Greenland ice core. The chemical speciation of salts varies with past climatic conditions. Whereas the fraction of Na salts (NaCl+Na2SO4) exceeds that of Ca salts (CaSO4+CaCO3) during the Holocene (0.6-11.7kyr B.P.), the two fractions are similar during the BOlling-AllerOd period (12.9-14.6kyr B.P.). During cold climate such as over the Younger Dryas (12.0-12.6kyr B.P.) and the Last Glacial Maximum (15.0-26.9kyr B.P.), the fraction of Ca salts exceeds that of Na salts, showing that the most abundant ion generally controls the salt budget in each period. High-resolution analyses reveal changing particle compositions: those in Holocene ice show seasonal changes, and those in LGM ice show a difference between cloudy bands and clear layers, which again can be largely explained by the availability of ionic components in the atmospheric aerosol body of air masses reaching Greenland.
• グリーンランド南東ドームにおける浅層掘削計画-掘削報告と初期コア解析-

  飯塚 芳徳, 的場 澄人, 大藪 幾美, 山崎 哲秀, 門田 萌, 新堀 邦夫, 青木 輝夫, 斉藤 健, 宮本 淳, 古川 崚仁, 藤田 秀二, 堀 彰, 山口 悟, 大野 浩, 鈴木 利孝, 植村 立, 関 宰, 本山 秀明 雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2015 190 2015年
• 南極表面積雪とドームふじアイスコア中の硫黄同位体分析による硫酸エアロゾルの変動メカニズムの解析

  眞坂昂佑, 植村立, 福井幸太郎, 飯塚芳徳, 松本理誠, 植村美希, 平林幹啓, 本山秀明 日本地球化学会年会講演要旨集 62nd 2015年
• 南極氷床に適応した降雪量推定モデルの開発その2 - 2009年に事例解析-

  鈴木香寿恵, 本山秀明, 本山秀明, 山内恭, 山内恭, 平沢尚彦, 平沢尚彦, 榎本浩之, 榎本浩之, 田村岳史, 田村岳史, 飯塚芳徳, 的場澄人, 樋口知之, 樋口知之 雪氷研究大会講演要旨集(Web) 2015 63(J‐STAGE) 2015年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• グリーンランド南東ドームにおける浅層掘削計画 -掘削報告と初期コア解析-

  飯塚芳徳, 的場澄人, 大藪幾美, 山崎哲秀, 門田萌, 新堀邦夫, 青木輝夫, 斉藤健, 宮本淳, 古川崚仁, 藤田秀二, 堀彰, 山口悟, 大野浩, 鈴木利孝, 植村立, 関宰, 本山秀明 雪氷研究大会講演要旨集(Web) 2015 190(J‐STAGE) 2015年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• Chemical compositions of sulfate and chloride salts over the last termination reconstructed from the Dome Fuji ice core, inland Antarctica

  Ikumi Oyabu, Yoshinori Iizuka, Ryu Uemura, Takayuki Miyake, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Hideaki Motoyama, Toshimitsu Sakurai, Toshitaka Suzuki, Takeo Hondoh JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 119 (24) 14045 -14058 2014年12月 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  The flux and chemical composition of aerosols impact the climate. Antarctic ice cores preserve the record of past atmospheric aerosols, providing useful information about past atmospheric environments. However, few studies have directly measured the chemical composition of aerosol particles preserved in ice cores. Here we present the chemical compositions of sulfate and chloride salts from aerosol particles in the Dome Fuji ice core. The analysis method involves ice sublimation, and the period covers the last termination, 25.0-11.0 thousand years before present (kyr B.P.), with a 350 year resolution. The major components of the soluble particles are CaSO4, Na2SO4, and NaCl. The dominant sulfate salt changes at 16.8 kyr B.P. from CaSO4, a glacial type, to Na2SO4, an interglacial type. The sulfate salt flux (CaSO4 plus Na2SO4) inversely correlates with delta O-18 in Dome Fuji over millennial timescales. This correlation is consistent with the idea that sulfate salt aerosols contributed to the last deglacial warming of inland Antarctica by reducing the aerosol indirect effect. Between 16.3 and 11.0 kyr B.P., the presence of NaCl suggests that winter atmospheric aerosols are preserved. A high NaCl/Na2SO4 fraction between 12.3 and 11.0 kyr B.P. indicates that the contribution from the transport of winter atmospheric aerosols increased during this period.
• Chemical compositions of sulfate and chloride salts over the last termination reconstructed from the dome fuji ice core, inland antarctica

  Ikumi Oyabu, Ikumi Oyabu, Yoshinori Iizuka, Ryu Uemura, Takayuki Miyake, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Hideaki Motoyama, Toshimitsu Sakurai, Toshimitsu Sakurai, Toshimitsu Sakurai, Toshitaka Suzuki, Takeo Hondoh Journal of Geophysical Research 119 (24) 45 -14 2014年11月27日 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  © 2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. The flux and chemical composition of aerosols impact the climate. Antarctic ice cores preserve the record of past atmospheric aerosols, providing useful information about past atmospheric environments. However, few studies have directly measured the chemical composition of aerosol particles preserved in ice cores. Here we present the chemical compositions of sulfate and chloride salts from aerosol particles in the Dome Fuji ice core. The analysis method involves ice sublimation, and the period covers the last termination, 25.0–11.0 thousand years before present (kyr B.P.), with a 350 year resolution. The major components of the soluble particles are CaSO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , and NaCl. The dominant sulfate salt changes at 16.8 kyr B.P. from CaSO 4 , a glacial type, to Na 2 SO 4 , an interglacial type. The sulfate salt flux (CaSO 4 plus Na 2 SO 4 ) inversely correlates with δ 18 O in Dome Fuji over millennial timescales. This correlation is consistent with the idea that sulfate salt aerosols contributed to the last deglacial warming of inland Antarctica by reducing the aerosol indirect effect. Between 16.3 and 11.0 kyr B.P., the presence of NaCl suggests that winter atmospheric aerosols are preserved. A high NaCl/Na 2 SO 4 fraction between 12.3 and 11.0 kyr B.P. indicates that the contribution from the transport of winter atmospheric aerosols increased during this period.
• Report of the 2007/2008 Japanese-Swedish joint Antarctic traverse: I. Planning, preparations, and outline of scientific achievements

  Shuji Fujita, Shuji Fujita, Kotaro Fukui, Fumio Nakazawa, Hiroyuki Enomoto, Hiroyuki Enomoto, Hiroyuki Enomoto, Shin Sugiyama, Yoshiyuki Fujii, Koji Fujita, Teruo Furukawa, Teruo Furukawa, Keiichiro Hara, Yu Hoshina, Makoto Igarashi, Yoshinori Iizuka, Satoshi Imura, Satoshi Imura, Hideaki Motoyama, Hideaki Motoyama, Sylviane Surdyk, Ryu Uemura Antarctic Record 58 352 -392 2014年11月01日 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  © 2014 National Institute of Polar Research. In the seventh five-year plan of the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition, a group of Japanese scientists (led by the National Institute of Polar Research) together with a group of Swedish scientists, conducted field surveys to better understand the glaciology of the ice sheet in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, during the 2007/2008 austral summer season. This paper reports on the planning and field preparations, and outlines the scientific achievements of the field expedition. We have gained numerous new scientific insights on the spatio-temporal distribution of the ice sheet environment in the inland plateau. Here, we provide an overview of the new knowledge gained.
• 南極氷床に適応した降雪量推定モデルの開発―降雪をもたらす大気循環場の特徴―

  鈴木香寿恵, 本山秀明, 山内恭, 榎本浩之, 田村岳史, 飯塚芳徳, 樋口知之 雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2014 235 2014年09月05日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• Potassium alum and aluminum sulfate micro-inclusions in polar ice from Dome Fuji, East Antarctica

  Hiroshi Ohno, Yoshinori Iizuka, Shinichiro Horikawa, Toshimitsu Sakurai, Takeo Hondoh, Hideaki Motoyama POLAR SCIENCE 8 (1) 1 -9 2014年03月 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  Water-soluble trace constituents affect the physicochemical properties of polar ice. Their structural distribution provides important insights into the formation history of ice and inclusions. We report the first finding of KAl(SO4)(2)center dot 12H(2)O (potassium alum) and Al-2(SO4)(3)center dot nH(2)O (aluminum sulfate) micro-inclusions in the Dome Fuji ice core, East Antartica, using a micro-Raman technique. Eutectic temperatures of these water-soluble species determined using thermal analysis were -0.4 degrees C for potassium alum and -8.0 degrees C for aluminum sulfate. Although the formation process of the aluminum-bearing sulfates remains unclear, the occurrence of these salts largely depends on ice depth. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. and NIPR. All rights reserved.
• 南極氷床表面雪における海塩の硫酸塩化反応

  飯塚芳徳, 保科優, 植村立, 大野浩, 平林幹啓, 福井幸太郎, 鈴木利孝, 本山秀明 雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2014 2014年
• 南極氷床表面における海・陸起源金属成分の分布-全濃度と溶存態濃度の解析-

  鈴木利孝, 関口絢子, 飯塚芳徳, 平林幹啓, 保科優, 大野浩, 福井幸太郎, 本山秀明 雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2014 2014年
• 南極氷床における降雪量推定モデルの開発―その1―

  鈴木香寿恵, 本山秀明, 平沢尚彦, 山内恭, 榎本浩之, 田村岳史, 飯塚芳徳, 的場澄人, 樋口知之 極域科学シンポジウム講演予稿集(CD-ROM) 5th ROMBUNNO.OM,12GATSU2NICHI,11:15 2014年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• Effect of accumulation rate on water stable isotopes of near-surface snow in inland Antarctica

  Yu Hoshina, Koji Fujita, Fumio Nakazawa, Yoshinori Iizuka, Takayuki Miyake, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Takayuki Kuramoto, Shuji Fujita, Hideaki Motoyama JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 119 (1) 274 -283 2014年01月 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  Postdepositional changes in water stable isotopes in polar firn were investigated at three sites characterized by different accumulation rates along the East Antarctic ice divide near Dome Fuji. Water stable isotopes, major ion concentrations, and tritium contents of three 2-4m deep pits were measured at high resolution (2cm). Temporally, the snow pits cover the past 50years with snow accumulation rates in the range of 29-41kgm(-2) a(-1) around Dome Fuji. Oxygen isotopic profiles in the three pits do not show annual fluctuations, but instead exhibit multiyearcycles. These multiyearcycles are lower in frequency at Dome Fuji as compared with the other two sites. Peaks of water stable isotopes in the multiyearcycles correspond to some ion concentration minima in the pits, although such relationships are not observed in coastal regions. We propose that the extremely low accumulation environment keeps the snow layer at the near surface, which result in postdepositional modifications of isotopic signals by processes such as ventilation and vapor condensation-sublimation. We estimate that oxygen isotopic ratios could be modified by >10 and that the original seasonal cycle could be completely overprinted under the accumulation conditions at Dome Fuji. Moreover, stake measurements at Dome Fuji suggest that the large variability in snow accumulation rate is the cause of the multiyearcycles.
• Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core

  D. Dahl-Jensen, M. R. Albert, A. Aldahan, N. Azuma, D. Balslev-Clausen, M. Baumgartner, A. M. Berggren, M. Bigler, T. Binder, T. Blunier, J. C. Bourgeois, E. J. Brook, S. L. Buchardt, C. Buizert, E. Capron, J. Chappellaz, J. Chung, H. B. Clausen, I. Cvijanovic, S. M. Davies, P. Ditlevsen, O. Eicher, H. Fischer, D. A. Fisher, L. G. Fleet, G. Gfeller, V. Gkinis, S. Gogineni, K. Goto-Azuma, A. Grinsted, H. Gudlaugsdottir, M. Guillevic, S. B. Hansen, M. Hansson, M. Hirabayashi, S. Hong, S. D. Hur, P. Huybrechts, C. S. Hvidberg, Y. Iizuka, T. Jenk, S. J. Johnsen, T. R. Jones, J. Jouzel, N. B. Karlsson, K. Kawamura, K. Keegan, E. Kettner, S. Kipfstuhl, H. A. Kjær, M. Koutnik, T. Kuramoto, P. Köhler, T. Laepple, A. Landais, P. L. Langen, L. B. Larsen, D. Leuenberger, M. Leuenberger, C. Leuschen, J. Li, V. Lipenkov, P. Martinerie, O. J. Maselli, V. Masson-Delmotte, J. R. McConnell, H. Miller, O. Mini, A. Miyamoto, M. Montagnat-Rentier, R. Mulvaney, R. Muscheler, A. J. Orsi, J. Paden, C. Panton, F. Pattyn, J. R. Petit, K. Pol, T. Popp, G. Possnert, F. Prié, M. Prokopiou, A. Quiquet, S. O. Rasmussen, D. Raynaud, J. Ren, C. Reutenauer, C. Ritz, T. Röckmann, J. L. Rosen, M. Rubino, O. Rybak, D. Samyn, C. J. Sapart, A. Schilt, A. M.Z. Schmidt, J. Schwander, S. Schüpbach, I. Seierstad, J. P. Severinghaus, S. Sheldon, S. B. Simonsen, J. Sjolte, A. M. Solgaard, T. Sowers, P. Sperlich, H. C. Steen-Larsen, K. Steffen, J. P. Steffensen, D. Steinhage, T. F. Stocker, C. Stowasser, A. S. Sturevik, W. T. Sturges, A. Sveinbjörnsdottir, A. Svensson, J. L. Tison, J. Uetake, P. Vallelonga, R. S.W. Van De Wal, G. Van Der Wel, B. H. Vaughn, B. Vinther, E. Waddington, A. Wegner, I. Weikusat, J. W.C. White, F. Wilhelms, M. Winstrup, E. Witrant, E. W. Wolff, C. Xiao, J. Zheng Nature 493 (7433) 489 -494 2013年01月24日 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  Efforts to extract a Greenland ice core with a complete record of the Eemian interglacial (130,000 to 115,000 years ago) have until now been unsuccessful. The response of the Greenland ice sheet to the warmer-than-present climate of the Eemian has thus remained unclear. Here we present the new North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling ('NEEM') ice core and show only a modest ice-sheet response to the strong warming in the early Eemian. We reconstructed the Eemian record from folded ice using globally homogeneous parameters known from dated Greenland and Antarctic ice-core records. On the basis of water stable isotopes, NEEM surface temperatures after the onset of the Eemian (126,000 years ago) peaked at 8 ± 4 degrees Celsius above the mean of the past millennium, followed by a gradual cooling that was probably driven by the decreasing summer insolation. Between 128,000 and 122,000 years ago, the thickness of the northwest Greenland ice sheet decreased by 400 ± 250 metres, reaching surface elevations 122,000 years ago of 130 ± 300 metres lower than the present. Extensive surface melt occurred at the NEEM site during the Eemian, a phenomenon witnessed when melt layers formed again at NEEM during the exceptional heat of July 2012. With additional warming, surface melt might become more common in the future. © 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
• 南極内陸における積雪表層の主要化学成分

  保科優, 藤田耕史, 中澤文男, 飯塚芳徳, 三宅隆之, 平林啓幹, 倉元隆之, 本山秀明, 藤田秀二 雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2013 2013年
• 南極ドームふじ氷床コアによる過去70万年の陸域起源物質変動の復元

  三宅隆之, 藤井理行, 平林幹啓, 東久美子, 植村立, 植村立, 倉元隆之, 倉元隆之, 本山秀明, 藤田耕史, 堀川信一郎, 飯塚芳徳, 五十嵐誠, 河野美香, 鈴木啓助, 鈴木利孝 極域科学シンポジウム講演予稿集(CD-ROM) 4th 2013年
• 酸素・水素安定同位体比を用いた南極ドームふじ氷床コアにおける過去72万年の気温復元

  植村立, 植村立, 本山秀明, MASSON-DELMOTTE V., JOUZEL J., 三宅隆之, 平林幹啓, 倉元隆之, 大野浩, 河野美香, 東久美子, 藤井理行, 藤田耕史, 堀川信一郎, 飯塚芳徳, 五十嵐誠, 鈴木啓助, 鈴木利孝 極域科学シンポジウム講演予稿集(CD-ROM) 4th 2013年
• JARE54内陸調査隊が採取した南極表面雪に含まれる水溶性エアロゾル組成

  飯塚芳徳, 保科優, 植村立, 大野浩, 平林幹啓, 福井幸太郎, 鈴木利孝, 本山秀明 雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2013 2013年
• 南極積雪に含まれる微粒子の光学顕微鏡観察およびラマン分光分析

  大野浩, 飯塚芳徳, 保科優, 福井幸太郎, 鈴木利孝, 本山秀明 雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2013 2013年
• 南極表面雪に含まれる水溶性エアロゾル組成

  飯塚芳徳, 保科優, 植村立, 大野浩, 平林幹啓, 福井幸太郎, 鈴木利孝, 本山秀明 極域科学シンポジウム講演予稿集(CD-ROM) 4th 2013年
• 南極ドームふじコアの化学成分が示す過去70万年の環境変動

  東久美子, 平林幹啓, 本山秀明, 三宅隆之, 倉元隆之, 植村立, 川村賢二, PARRENIN Frederic, 鈴木香寿恵, 飯塚芳徳, 鈴木啓助, 五十嵐誠, 藤井理行, 鈴木利孝, 堀川信一郎, 河野美香, 藤田耕史, 櫻井俊光, 小端拓郎 極域科学シンポジウム講演予稿集(CD-ROM) 4th ROMBUNNO.IC,GOTOAZUMAKUMIKO,1,V3 2013年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• Sulphate and chloride aerosols during Holocene and last glacial periods preserved in the Talos Dome Ice Core, a peripheral region of Antarctica

  Yoshinori Iizuka, Barbara Delmonte, Ikumi Oyabu, Torbjörn Karlin, Valter Maggi, Samuel Albani, Manabu Fukui, Takeo Hondoh, Margareta Hansson Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 65 (1) 1 -9 2013年 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  Antarctic ice cores preserve the record of past aerosols, an important proxy of past atmospheric chemistry. Here we present the aerosol compositions of sulphate and chloride particles in the Talos Dome (TD) ice core from the Holocene and Last Glacial Period. We find that the main salt types of both periods are NaCl,Na2SO4 and CaSO4, indicating that TD ice contains relatively abundant sea salt (NaCl) from marine primary particles. By evaluating the molar ratio of NaCl toNa2SO4, we show that about half of the sea salt does not undergo sulphatisation during late Holocene. Compared to in inland Antarctica, the lower sulphatisation rate at TD is probably due to relatively little contact between sea salt and sulphuric acid. This low contact rate can be related to a reduced time of reaction for marine-sourced aerosol before reaching TD and/or to a reduced post-depositional effect from the higher accumulation rate at TD. Many sulphate and chloride salts are adhered to silicate minerals. The ratio of sulphate-adhered mineral to particle mass and the corresponding ratio of chloride-adhered mineral both increase with increasing dust concentration. Also, the TD ice appears to contain Ca(NO3)2 or CaCO3 particles, thus differing from aerosol compositions in inland Antarctica, and indicating the proximity of peripheral regions to marine aerosols. © 2013 Y. Iizuka et al.
• Sulphate-climate coupling over the past 300,000 years in inland Antarctica

  Yoshinori Iizuka, Ryu Uemura, Hideaki Motoyama, Toshitaka Suzuki, Takayuki Miyake, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Takeo Hondoh NATURE 490 (7418) 81 -84 2012年10月 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  Sulphate aerosols, particularly micrometre-sized particles of sulphate salt and sulphate-adhered dust, can act as cloud condensation nuclei, leading to increased solar scattering that cools Earth's climate(1,2). Evidence for such a coupling may lie in the sulphate record from polar ice cores, but previous analyses of melted ice-core samples have provided only sulphate ion concentrations, which may be due to sulphuric acid(3). Here we present profiles of sulphate salt and sulphate-adhered dust fluxes over the past 300,000 years from the Dome Fuji ice core in inland Antarctica. Our results show a nearly constant flux of sulphate-adhered dust through glacial and interglacial periods despite the large increases in total dust flux during glacial maxima(4). The sulphate salt flux, however, correlates inversely with temperature, suggesting a climatic coupling between particulate sulphur and temperature. For example, the total sulphate salt flux during the Last Glacial Maximum averages 5.78 mg m(-2) yr(-1), which is almost twice the Holocene value. Although it is based on a modern analogue with considerable uncertainties when applied to the ice-core record, this analysis indicates that the glacial-to-interglacial decrease in sulphate would lessen the aerosol indirect effects on cloud lifetime and albedo, leading to an Antarctic warming of 0.1 to 5 kelvin.
• 平田賞を受賞して

  飯塚 芳徳 雪氷 : 日本雪氷協會雜誌 74 (1) 78 -79 2012年01月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• The rates of sea salt sulfatization in the atmosphere and surface snow of inland Antarctica

  Yoshinori Iizuka, Akira Tsuchimoto, Yu Hoshina, Toshimitsu Sakurai, Margareta Hansson, Torbjörn Karlin, Koji Fujita, Fumio Nakazawa, Hideaki Motoyama, Shuji Fujita Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres 117 (4) 2012年 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  Most of the aerosol particles present in the surface snow and ice of inland Antarctica come from primary sea salt (sodium chloride) and marine biological activity (methansulfonic and sulfuric acids). Melted water from surface snow, firn, and Holocene ice contains mainly sodium, chloride, and sulfate ions. Although it is well known that sea salt aerosols react rapidly with sulfuric acid, a process known as sulfatization, it is not known when this process takes place. In this research we undertake to measure the proportion of sea salt aerosols that undergo sulfatization in the atmosphere and surface snow, as opposed to deeper ice, in order to understand the suitability of sea salt aerosols as a proxy for past climates in deep ice cores. We directly measure the sulfatization rates in recently fallen snow (0-4 m in depth) collected at the Dome Fuji station, using X-ray dispersion spectroscopy to determine the constituent elements of soluble particles and computing the molar ratios of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate. We estimate that about 90% of the initial sea salt aerosols sulfatize as they are taken up by precipitation over Dome Fuji or in the snowpack within one year after being deposited on the ice sheet. Copyright © 2012 by the American Geophysical Union.
• 南極内陸における表面積雪の水安定同位体比と積雪堆積環境

  保科優, 藤田耕史, 中澤文男, 飯塚芳徳, 三宅隆之, 平林幹啓, 倉元隆之, 本山秀明, 藤田秀二 雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2011 2011年
• ドームふじ深層掘削孔検層観測と氷床底面状態

  本山秀明, 本山秀明, 新堀邦夫, 倉元隆之, 飯塚芳徳, 三宅隆之, 平林幹啓, 的場澄人 雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2011 2011年
• 南極ドームふじ氷床コアにおける過去72万年の酸素・水素安定同位体比の変動

  植村立, 植村立, 本山秀明, MASSON-DELMOTTE V., JOUZEL J., 三宅隆之, 三宅隆之, 平林幹啓, 倉元隆之, 河野美香, 河野美香, 東久美子, 藤井理行, 藤田耕史, 堀川信一郎, 飯塚芳徳, 五十嵐誠, 鈴木啓助, 鈴木利孝 極域科学・宙空圏・気水圏・生物・地学シンポジウム講演予稿集(CD-ROM) 2011 2011年
• ドームふじ深層掘削孔検層観測と氷床底面状態について

  本山秀明, 本山秀明, 新堀邦夫, 倉元隆之, 飯塚芳徳, 三宅隆之, 平林幹啓, 的場澄人 極域科学・宙空圏・気水圏・生物・地学シンポジウム講演予稿集(CD-ROM) 2011 2011年
• グリーンランドNEEMにおける観測報告

  東久美子, 青木周司, 東信彦, 飯塚芳徳, 植竹淳, 川村賢二, 神田啓史, 倉元隆之, 小端拓郎, 笹公和, 佐藤基之, 瀬川高弘, 高村近子, 中澤高清, 平林幹啓, 藤井理行, 藤田秀二, 堀彰, 堀内一穂, 三宅隆之, 三宅隆之, 宮本淳, 本山秀明 極域科学・宙空圏・気水圏・生物・地学シンポジウム講演予稿集(CD-ROM) 2011 2011年
• 南極内陸における表面積雪の水安定同位体比と積雪堆積環境

  保科優, 藤田耕史, 中澤文男, 飯塚芳徳, 三宅隆之, 平林幹啓, 倉元隆之, 本山秀明, 藤田秀二 極域科学・宙空圏・気水圏・生物・地学シンポジウム講演予稿集(CD-ROM) 2011 2011年
• 南極ドームふじ氷床コアによる過去72万年の氷期サイクルスケールのダストフラックス変動

  三宅隆之, 三宅隆之, 藤井理行, 平林幹啓, 植村立, 倉元隆之, 東久美子, 本山秀明, 藤田耕史, 堀川信一郎, 飯塚芳徳, 五十嵐誠, 河野美香, 河野美香, 鈴木啓助, 鈴木利孝 極域科学・宙空圏・気水圏・生物・地学シンポジウム講演予稿集(CD-ROM) 2011 2011年
• ドームふじおよびEPICA DMLの2つの深層掘削地点を含む東南極ドロンニングモードランドでの雪の堆積の時系列変化

  藤田秀二, HOLMLUND P., ANDERSSON I., BROWN I., 榎本浩之, 榎本浩之, 藤井理行, 藤田耕史, 福井幸太郎, 福井幸太郎, 古川晶雄, HANSSON M., 原圭一郎, 保科優, 五十嵐誠, 飯塚芳徳, 伊村智, INGVANDER S., KARLIN T., 本山秀明, 中澤文男, OERTER H., SJOEBERG L.E, 杉山慎, SURDYK S., STROEM J., 植村立, WILHELMS F. 極域科学・宙空圏・気水圏・生物・地学シンポジウム講演予稿集(CD-ROM) 2011 2011年
• ドームふじ表層4mの詳細物理層位-氷床コアシグナル形成過程理解の深化を目指して-

  藤田秀二, 榎本浩之, 榎本浩之, 福井幸太郎, 福井幸太郎, 藤田耕史, 保科優, 飯塚芳徳, 中澤文男, 杉山慎 極域科学・宙空圏・気水圏・生物・地学シンポジウム講演予稿集(CD-ROM) 2011 2011年
• Borehole measurement of deep ice coring site at Dome Fuji, Antarctica and characteristics of ice sheet near bedrock

  Hideaki Motoyama, Kunio Shinbori, Yoshinori Iizuka, Sumito Matoba, Takayuki Kuramoto, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Takayuki Miyake Summaries of JSSI and JSSE Joint Conference on Snow and Ice Research 2011 22 2011年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• Spatial and temporal variability of snow accumulation in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, including two deep ice coring sites at Dome Fuji and EPICA DML

  Shuji Fujita, P. Holmlund, I. Andersson, I. Brown, H. I. Enomoto, Y. Fujii, K. Fujita, K. Fukui, T. Furukawa, M. Hansson, K. Hara, Y. Hoshina, M. Igarashi, Y. Iizuka, S. Imura, S. Ingvander, T. Kameda, T. Karlin, H. Motoyama, F. Nakazawa, H. Oerter, L. Sjöberg, S. Sugiyama, S. Surdyk, J. Ström, R. Uemura, F. Wilhelms Summaries of JSSI and JSSE Joint Conference on Snow and Ice Research 2011 162 2011年 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  To form a clearer understanding of the spatio-temporal variability of the glaciological environment in Dronning Maud Land (DML), East Antarctica, glaciological investigations were carried out along the 2800-km-long Japanese-Swedish IPY 2007/2008 traverse. The traverse route covers ice sheet ridges and two deep ice coring sites at Dome Fuji and EPICA DML. The surface mass balance (SMB) distribution was derived based on analysis of isochrones within snow pit samples, fim core samples and subsurface radar signals. The SMB averaged over various time scales in the Holocene was determined. This was then compared with various data such as surface elevation, surface slope, prevailing windfield, ice thickness, polarization ratio of satellite-based microwave emissivity and normal backscattered strength of VHF radio waves from within the ice. We find that the large-scale distribution of the SMB depends on the surface elevation, continentality and interactions between ice sheet ridges and the prevailing counterclockwise windfield in DML. A different SMB is found for the windward and leeward sides of the ridges. Local-scale variability in the SMB is essentially governed by bedrock topography which determines the local surface topography and the probability of snow deposition. In the eastern part of DML, the accumulation rate in the second half of the 20th century is found to be higher by ~15% compared to averages over longer periods of 722 a or 7.9 ka before AD 2008. A similar trend has been reported for many inland plateau sites in East Antarctica. © 2011, The Japanese Society of Snow and Ice / Japan Society for Snow Engineering. All rights reserved.
• Water stable isotope of near surface snow and environment of snow accumulation rate in inland Antarctica

  Y. Hoshina, Koji Fujita, Fumio Nakazawa, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Takayuki Kuramoto, Hideaki Motoyama, Shuji Fujita, Yoshinori Iizuka, Takayuki Miyake Summaries of JSSI and JSSE Joint Conference on Snow and Ice Research 2011 161 2011年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• Aerosol climate change investigated from Dome Fuji ice core

  Hirokazu Imai, Toshitaka Suzuki, Yoshinori Iizuka, Hideaki Motoyama, Yoshiyuki Fujii Summaries of JSSI and JSSE Joint Conference on Snow and Ice Research 2011 208 2011年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• Spatial and temporal variability of snow accumulation rate on the East Antarctic ice divide between Dome Fuji and EPICA DML

  S. Fujita, P. Holmlund, I. Andersson, I. Brown, H. Enomoto, Y. Fujii, K. Fujita, K. Fukui, T. Furukawa, M. Hansson, K. Hara, Y. Hoshina, M. Igarashi, Y. Iizuka, S. Imura, S. Ingvander, T. Karlin, H. Motoyama, F. Nakazawa, H. Oerter, L. E. Sjoberg, S. Sugiyama, S. Surdyk, J. Strom, R. Uemura, F. Wilhelms CRYOSPHERE 5 (4) 1057 -1081 2011年 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  To better understand the spatio-temporal variability of the glaciological environment in Dronning Maud Land (DML), East Antarctica, a 2800-km-long Japanese-Swedish traverse was carried out. The route includes ice divides between two ice-coring sites at Dome Fuji and EPICA DML. We determined the surface mass balance (SMB) averaged over various time scales in the late Holocene based on studies of snow pits and firn cores, in addition to radar data. We find that the large-scale distribution of the SMB depends on the surface elevation and continentality, and that the SMB differs between the windward and leeward sides of ice divides for strong-wind events. We suggest that the SMB is highly influenced by interactions between the large-scale surface topography of ice divides and the wind field of strong-wind events that are often associated with high-precipitation events. Local variations in the SMB are governed by the local surface topography, which is influenced by the bedrock topography. In the eastern part of DML, the accumulation rate in the second half of the 20th century is found to be higher by similar to 15% than averages over longer periods of 722 a or 7.9 ka before AD 2008. A similar increasing trend has been reported for many inland plateau sites in Antarctica with the exception of several sites on the leeward side of the ice divides.
• 南極ドームふじ氷床コアによる過去72万年の氷期-間氷期スケールにおけるダストフラックス変動

  三宅隆之, 藤井理行, 平林幹啓, 植村立, 植村立, 倉元隆之, 東久美子, 本山秀明, 藤田耕史, 堀川信一郎, 飯塚芳徳, 五十嵐誠, 河野美香, 河野美香, 鈴木啓助, 鈴木利孝 雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2010 2010年
• グリーンランド深層氷床コア掘削計画(NEEM計画)

  東久美子, 青木周司, 東信彦, 飯塚芳徳, 植竹淳, 川村賢二, 神田啓史, 倉元隆之, 小端拓郎, 笹公和, 佐藤基之, 瀬川高弘, 高村近子, 中澤高清, 平林幹啓, 藤井理行, 藤田秀二, 堀彰, 堀内一穂, 三宅隆之, 宮本淳, 本山秀明 雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2010 2010年
• グリーンランド深層氷床コア掘削計画(NEEM計画)の展望

  東久美子, 青木周司, 東信彦, 飯塚芳徳, 植竹淳, 川村賢二, 神田啓史, 倉元隆之, 小端拓郎, 笹公和, 佐藤基之, 瀬川高弘, 高村近子, 中澤高清, 平林幹啓, 藤井理行, 藤田秀二, 堀彰, 堀内一穂, 三宅隆之, 宮本淳, 本山秀明 極域科学・宙空圏・気水圏・生物・地学シンポジウム講演予稿集(CD-ROM) 2010 2010年
• 南極内陸における表層積雪の水安定同位体と主要イオン濃度

  保科優, 藤田耕史, 中澤文男, 飯塚芳徳, 三宅隆之, 平林幹啓, 倉元隆之, 本山秀明 雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2010 2010年
• 南極内陸における表層積雪の水安定同位体と主要イオン濃度

  保科優, 藤田耕史, 中澤文男, 飯塚芳徳, 三宅隆之, 平林幹啓, 倉元隆之, 本山秀明 極域科学・宙空圏・気水圏・生物・地学シンポジウム講演予稿集(CD-ROM) 2010 2010年
• 東南極の2箇所の氷床コア深層掘削点であるEPICA-DMLとドームふじの間の地域の雪氷環境の空間的分布

  藤田秀二, HOLMLUND P., ANDERSSON I., BROWN I., 榎本浩之, 藤井理行, 藤田耕史, 福井幸太郎, 古川晶雄, HANSSON M., 原圭一郎, 飯塚芳徳, 伊村智, INGVANDER S., KARLIN T., 本山秀明, 中澤文男, SJOEBERG L., 杉山慎, SURDYK S., STROEM J. 極域科学・宙空圏・気水圏・生物・地学シンポジウム講演予稿集(CD-ROM) 2010 2010年
• Study on spatial distributions of water-soluble microparticles preserved in polar ice sheet

  T. Sakurai, A. Miyamoto, Y. Iizuka, T. Hondoh, T. Uchida, S. Fujita Summaries of JSSI and JSSE Joint Conference on Snow and Ice Research 2010 109 2010年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• Restoration of aerosol climate change over 720,000 years from metallic element measurement in the Dome Fuji ice core

  Katsunari Matsushima, Toshitaka Suzuki, Hironori Sato, Yoshinori Iizuka, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Hideaki Motoyama, Yoshiyuki Fujii Summaries of JSSI and JSSE Joint Conference on Snow and Ice Research 2010 98 2010年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• Millennial-scale fluctuation of aerosol climate-Analysis of Dome Fuji shallow ice core -

  Hirokazu Imai, Saeko Yui, Toshitaka Suzuki, Yoshinori Iizuka, Hideaki Motoyama, Yoshiyuki Fujii Summaries of JSSI and JSSE Joint Conference on Snow and Ice Research 2010 97 2010年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• North Greenland Eemian Ice Driling

  Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Jun Uetake, Kenji Kawamura, Hiroshi Kanda, Takayuki Kuramoto, Takuro Kobashi, Takahiro Segawa, Chiikako Takamura, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Yoshiyuki Fujii, Shuji Fujita, Takayuki Miyake, Hideaki Motoyama, Shuji Aoki, Takakiyo Nakazawa, Nobuhiko Azuma, Motoyuki Sato, Yoshinori Iizuka, Atsushi Miyamoto, Kimikazu Sasa, Akira Hori, Kazuho Horiuchi Summaries of JSSI and JSSE Joint Conference on Snow and Ice Research 2010 4 2010年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• Water stable isotopes and major ion concentrations of near-surface snow at the inland Antarctica

  Yu Hoshina, Koji Fujita, Fumio Nakazawa, Takayuki Miyake, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Takayuki Kuramoto, Hideaki Motoyama, Yoshinori Iizuka Summaries of JSSI and JSSE Joint Conference on Snow and Ice Research 2010 146 2010年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• Glacial-interglacial scale variability of dust flux during the past 720,000 years reconstructed from the Dome Fuji ice core, Antarctica

  Takayuki Miyake, Yoshiyuki Fujii, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Ryu Uemura, Takayuki Kuramoto, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Hideaki Motoyama, Makoto Igarashi, Mika Kohno, Ryu Uemura, Koji Fujita, Shinichiro Horikawa, Yoshinori Iizuka, Mika Kohno, Keisuke Suzuki, Toshitaka Suzuki Summaries of JSSI and JSSE Joint Conference on Snow and Ice Research 2010 144 2010年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• 南極ドームふじ氷効深層コアの化学基本解析について

  本山秀明, 本山秀明, 東久美子, 東久美子, 植村立, 三宅隆之, 平林幹啓, 倉元隆之, 飯塚芳徳, 鈴木啓助, 藤田秀二, 藤田秀二 雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 2009 2009年
• Data set of Dome Fuji ice core chemistry

  Hideaki Motoyama, Takayuki Miyake, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Takayuki Kuramoto, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Shuji Fujita, Ryu Uemura, Hideaki Motoyama, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Takayuki Kuramoto, Ryu Uemura, Yoshinori Iizuka, Keisuke Suzuki Summaries of JSSI and JSSE Joint Conference on Snow and Ice Research 2009 24 2009年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• ドームふじにおける過去72万年間のオービタル・スケール及び千年スケールのエアロゾル変動

  東久美子, 平林幹啓, 三宅隆之, 植村立, 植村立, 倉元隆之, 本山秀明, 五十嵐誠, 飯塚芳徳, 鈴木啓助, 鈴木利孝, 藤田耕史, 堀川信一郎, 河野美香, 河野美香, 藤井理行, 川村賢二, 青木周司, 中澤高清 極域気水圏シンポジウムプログラム・講演要旨 31st 2008年
• 南極ドームふじにおける過去72万年のダスト変動

  三宅隆之, 藤井理行, 平林幹啓, 植村立, 植村立, 倉元隆之, 東久美子, 本山秀明, 飯塚芳徳, 五十嵐誠, 河野美香, 河野美香, 鈴木啓助, 鈴木利孝, 藤田耕史, 堀川信一郎 極域気水圏シンポジウムプログラム・講演要旨 31st 2008年
• Analyses of Ice Core Data from Various Sites in Svalbard Glaciers from 1987 to 1999.

  Motoyama, H, Watanabe, O, Fujii, Y, Kamiyama, K, Igarashi, M, Matoba, S, Kameda, T, Goto-Azuma, K, Izumi, K, Narita, H, Iizuka, Y, Isaksson, E NIPR Arctic Data Report 7, 1-79. 2008年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• Distribution of micro particle and air hydrate in deeper part of Dome Fuji ice core, Antarctica

  T. Sakurai, Y. Iizuka, S. Horikawa, T. Hondoh, T. Uchida Summaries of JSSI and JSSE Joint Conference on Snow and Ice Research 2008 79 2008年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• High time-resolution analysis of dust in the Dome Fuji ice core, Antarctica, Part 2

  Takayuki Miyake, Ryu Uemura, Yoshiyuki Fujii, Yoshinori Iizuka, Takeo Hondoh, Kiyofumi Sano, Takuya Tatenuma Summaries of JSSI and JSSE Joint Conference on Snow and Ice Research 2008 77 2008年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• SO^2-4 minimum in summer snow layer at Dome Fuji, Antarctica, and the probable mechanism

  Yoshinori Iizuka, Yoshiyuki Fujii, Naohiko Hirasawa, Toshitaka Suzuki, Hideaki Motoyama, Teruo Furukawa, Takeo Hondoh Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres 109 2004年02月27日 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  By chemically analyzing snow samples at Dome Fuji, Antarctica, we found that the snowdrift deposited just after snowfall and the snow layer down to 3.4 m have summer minima in the non-sea-salt (nss -SO 2- 4 and Na + concentrations and summer maxima of Cl - /Na + . Such a summer nss-SO 2- 4 minimum in either snowdrift or the snow layer has not been reported at any other site in Antarctica and arises in spite of the known maximum in the nss-SO 2- 4 concentration in aerosol at Dome Fuji in summer. We then did laboratory experiments to better understand the phenomenon. The results supported the following mechanism for the summer nss-SO 2- 4 minimum in the snowdrift and snow layer. In summer, water vapor sublimates from within the snow in the daytime and condenses on the surface as frost in the nighttime, resulting in a dilution of the nss-SO 2- 4 concentration. This sublimation-condensation process likely occurs at other cold inland regions. In addition, the results might be useful for obtaining a high-resolution dating method for Dome Fuji deep ice cores by counting the number of layers with low nss-SO 2- 4 concentration. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.
• 第7回国際南極雪氷シンポジウム報告

  堀彰, 藤井理行, 河村俊行, 前野英生, 宮本淳, 飯塚芳徳 雪氷 66巻1号、69-72 2004年 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• High-time-resolution profiles of soluble ions in the last glacial period of a Dome Fuji (Antarctica) deep ice core

  Y Iizuka, M Takata, T Hondoh, Y Fujii ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 39, 2004 39 452 -456 2004年 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  We measured the depth profiles of soluble ions in the Dome Fuji (Antarctica) ice core to search for possible paleoclimate indications of seasonal climate variations in the last glacial period. A 523 mm long core section between 587.65 and 588.18 m depth was selected for this pilot study, and the high-resolution chemical analysis was done on 2mm thick samples. Our results indicate that anion-cation trapping in ice affects the profiles of the soluble ions and [Na+] in the core may preserve its seasonal signal. Correlation coefficients and the equivalent balances of the soluble ions suggest the following selective coexistences: (1) [Cl-] = [Na+], (2) [NO3-] = 1/2[Ca2+] + [K+], and (3) [SO42-] = 1/2[Ca2+] + [H+] + [Mg2+]. These coexistences are probably due to (1) a sea-salt source of Na+ and Cl-, (2) reaction of NO3- with dust for Ca2+ and NO3-, and (3) anion-cation trapping in ice for SO42- and Ca2+ (Mg2+), respectively.
• Development of an optical scanner for Dome Fuji II ice core project

  Morimasa Takata, Yoshinori Iizuka, Hitoshi Shoji, Atsushi Miyamoto, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Takeo Hondoh, Shuji Fujita, Yoshiyuki Fujii Antarctic Record 47 328 -337 2003年11月01日 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  An optical scanner for stratigraphical study was developed for the Dome Fuji ice core project II. The optical scanner measures two-dimensional light scattering intensities and records optical structures of ice cores. We developed the scanner hardware and control software. The line scanner is controlled by a personal computer and is constructed for automatic measurement. The sliding speed of the scanner is about 5 mm per second and, therefore, one ice core sample with a standard length for our sample processes (1.5 m long) can be measured within about six minutes. The line scanner was transported to Dome Fuji Station, Antarctica, by the wintering party of the 44th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-44), and will be used for Dome Fuji II ice core measurement by the JARE-45 summer party and successive parties. © 2003 National Institute of Polar Research.
• Ratios of Mg2+/Na+ in snowpack and an ice core at Austfonna ice cap, Svalbard, as an indicator of seasonal melting

  Y Iizuka, M Igarashi, K Kamiyama, H Motoyama, O Watanabe JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY 48 (162) 452 -460 2002年 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  Snowpack and ice-core samples were collected from the dome of Austfonna ice cap, Svalbard, in the spring of both 1998 and 1999. The samples were analyzed for anions, cations, pH, liquid electrical conductivity and oxygen isotopes. Concentrations of chemical components in snowpack with a history of melting were much lower than those in unmelted snowpack. There was a clear difference between Mg2+/Na+ ratios previously in melted snowpack (0.03+/-0.02) and in unmelted snowpack (0.11+/-0.02). We propose that the Mg2+/Na+ ratio can be used as an indicator of whether or not firn or bubbly ice in the Austfonna ice core has experienced melt percolation. The Mg2+/Na+ ratio indicates that firn or bubbly ice prior to AD 1920 was much less affected by melt percolation than firn or bubbly ice formed after 1920.
• Formation processes of basal ice at Hamna Glacier, Sôya Coast, East Antarctica, inferred by detailed co-isotopic analyses

  Y. Iizuka, H. Satake, T. Shiraiwa, R. Naruse Journal of Glaciology 47 (157) 223 -231 2001年 [査読無し][通常論文]
   

  Debris-laden basal ice is exposed along an ice cliff near Hamna Glacier, Sôya Coast, East Antarctica. The basal ice is about 6.8 m thick and shows conspicuous stratigraphic features. The upper 5.5 m consists of alternating layers of bubble-free and bubbly ice. δ values of the bubble-free ice layers are enriched by 2.4 ± 1.0‰ (standard deviation) for δ 18 O compared to values of neighboring bubbly ice layers above, and slopes of δ 18 O vs δD are close to 8. Such layers are suggested to have been formed by refreezing of meltwater in an open system. In contrast, part of the bubbly ice layers shows neutral profiles for stable isotopes, suggesting that these ice masses are undisturbed ice-sheet ice which was not affected by melting and freezing. The massive alternating layers are thus considered to have been formed by folding of refrozen and non-melted layers. The lower 1.3 m consists predominantly of bubble-free massive ice. The profile of co-isotopic values shows a change of about 3.0‰ for δ 18 O at the interface between bubble-free and bubbly ice. Since the isotopic change occurred over a wider thickness than the upper 5.5 m, the basal ice is suggested to have been formed by refreezing of meltwater on a larger scale than the upper 5.5 m.
• 第6回国際南極雪氷シンポジウム報告

  藤田 秀二, 東 久美子, 飯塚 芳徳, 堀 彰, 宮本 淳 雪氷 61 (1) 51 -54 1999年01月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  
• 南極半島ジェームズ・ロス島滞在記

  飯塚 芳徳 雪氷 59 (4) 268 -270 1997年07月15日 [査読無し][通常論文]
  

書籍等出版物

• アイスコア 地球環境のタイムカプセル

  飯塚芳徳 (担当:共著)
  2010年03月
• なぞの宝庫 南極大陸

  飯塚芳徳 (担当:共著)
  2008年

共同研究・競争的資金等の研究課題

• 南極対流圏中の物質循環と大気酸化能の4次元像から気候変動への影響を探る

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業

  研究期間 : 2024年04月 -2028年03月 

  代表者 : 原 圭一郎, 平林 幹啓, 高島 久洋, 的場 澄人, 飯塚 芳徳, 須藤 健悟, 竹中 規訓, 石野 咲子, 矢吹 正教
• 氷床コア中の過酸化水素の酸素同位体組成を用いた産業革命前の対流圏オゾン濃度の復元

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業

  研究期間 : 2023年04月 -2027年03月 

  代表者 : 石野 咲子, 飯塚 芳徳
• 過去７２万年間の気候変動情報を含むアイスコアの物理と層位および「最古の氷」の研究

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業

  研究期間 : 2018年06月 -2023年03月 

  代表者 : 藤田 秀二, 平林 幹啓, 飯塚 芳徳, 大野 浩

   

  当初計画に従い、以下の項目の研究を遂行した。 Ⅰ．アイスコアの物理層位の計測：①ミリ波誘電率テンソルの計測を2400m深から深い側に延伸した。② ①とあわせ、結晶Ｃ軸方位の直接計測とを実施し比較を実施した。③水平面内での誘電テンソルの主軸２成分の差を明らかにする分析を実施した。④ミリ波誘電テンソルにかかる研究成果の論文化を開始し、2021年4月と11月にそれぞれ投稿し、前者は出版に至った。後者は公開査読論文として出版され、本報告執筆時には公開査読が継続されている。 Ⅱ．連続融解計測装置系（CFA）を用いたアイスコアの化学層位計測：①2019年度までに開発した小型融解ヘッドの試験を重ねている。ただし、ドームふじアイスコアの分析・消費については、他研究分野との調整の必要が生じ、この計測実施を最終年度に延期した。②ドームふじアイスコアの中層のアイスコアとしては、約570m深～600m深の試料についての連続解析を実施した。また同様に、ドームふじ近傍で2017/2018年に新たに掘削された152m長の浅層コアについて、約75m深よりも浅い深度区間の計測を完了した。 Ⅲ. 塩微粒子の層位にかかる研究：不純物の存在状態の検知計測を、ラマン分光散乱を用いて継続した。 Ⅳ. アイスコアの信号形成にかかるプロセスにかかる研究：2020年度は、以下の２点についての研究を推進した。氷床に閉じ込められてから数百年程度以内の深度約100-120m深の気泡をラマン分光散乱で解析し、気泡中の酸素と窒素の分別比を実測した。 このほか、ドームふじアイスコアの固体電気伝導度解析として前年度まで実施してきたDEPデータの解析、氷床探査用レーダの観測データとアイスコアデータとの比較、アイスコア間の気候変動イベントの年代差の抽出作業を、同期進捗に応じ随時実施した。
• 世界一の確度をもつ過去200年間の沈着エアロゾルのデータベース創成と変遷解明

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業

  研究期間 : 2018年06月 -2023年03月 

  代表者 : 飯塚 芳徳, 植村 立, 関 宰, 的場 澄人, 大島 長, 藤田 耕史, 大野 浩, 服部 祥平

   

  本プロジェクトの目的は産業革命から現在までの高確度エアロゾルデータベースの構築とアイスコアの新規分析手法から人新世の大気環境復元を高度化することである。最初の目的のために、グリーンランド南東ドームでの250mのアイスコア掘削した。2020年度では、コロナ禍でデンマークやグリーンランドは通年レベル3の渡航禁止下であり、2021年度（本年度）に計画を延期していた。2021年度もデンマークやグリーンランドは通年レベル3の渡航禁止下であり続けたが、4―7月に困難な状況のもとで掘削を決行し、250mのアイスコアの取得に成功した。11月にアイスコアが輸入され、2021年度末現在、そのアイスコアの初期解析を実施している。 第2の目的達成のために、すでに本プロジェクトで公開済のエアロゾルデータを参考にしつつ、1)衛星による近過去の雲量との統計的解析（主担当：藤田）、2)氷晶核能測定装置の開発、3)ダストデータの高精度解読、4)電子顕微鏡による硝酸塩組成の復元（主担当：大野）、5）過酸化水素分析法の確立（主担当：服部）、6）硫酸エアロゾル中の酸素同位体比を用いた大気酸化力の復元（主担当：服部）、7）メタンスルホン酸による海氷面積・海洋生物活動の復元（主担当：的場）、8）過去の硫酸エアロゾルの粒径復元、9）ラマン分析によるアンモニウム塩・硝酸塩の組成復元、10）放射光によるカルシウムエアロゾルの化合物同定のなどの分析に着手してきた。 このうち、硫酸エアロゾル中の酸素同位体比を用いた大気酸化力の復元から、1980年以降の二酸化硫黄排出規制にもかかわらず、硫酸エアロゾルの減少が鈍化しているメカニズムを解明し、論文にまとめた。アンモニアなどのアルカリ性物質の増加による大気の酸性度低下が原因で、大気化学過程が変化し、結果的に硫酸生成効率が上昇することを突きとめた。今後の北極域の環境変動予測に重要な成果である。
• 近年のグリーンランド氷床表面の暗色化と急激な表面融解に関する研究

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業

  研究期間 : 2016年04月 -2020年03月 

  代表者 : 青木 輝夫, 梶野 瑞王, 庭野 匡思, 本山 秀明, 橋本 明弘, 谷川 朋範, 的場 澄人, 大島 長, 保坂 征宏, 藤田 耕史, 足立 光司, 竹内 望, 飯塚 芳徳, 石元 裕史, 田中 泰宙, 野沢 徹

   

  グリーンランド氷床の近年の表面融解の実態を明らかにするため、現地観測、衛星観測、数値モデリング研究を行った。現地観測では既存自動気象観測装置を維持し、データを公開した。また、アイスコア試料を解析し、水蒸気や鉱物性ダスト輸送の特徴を明らかにした。衛星観測では、非球形積雪粒子形状モデルによる雪氷物理量抽出アルゴリズムの開発と氷床表面暗色化の原因の定量化を行った。数値モデルでは光吸収性エアロゾル（LAA）効果を精緻に扱う領域気象モデルを開発すると共に、積雪変質・領域気象モデルによる氷床表面融解の実態把握を行った。さらに、地球システムモデルによって大気と雪氷中のLAAによる放射強制力を見積もった。
• 氷コアに含まれる個別粒子ごとの硫酸塩・硝酸塩エアロゾルの硫黄・窒素同位体比分析

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業

  研究期間 : 2016年04月 -2019年03月 

  代表者 : 飯塚 芳徳, 植村 立, 佐野 有司, 鹿児島 渉悟, 安藤 卓人

   

  氷コアに含まれる個別粒子ごとの硫酸塩・硝酸塩エアロゾルの硫黄・窒素同位体比という新しい環境指標を抽出して、硫酸塩や硝酸塩の古大気環境や放射強制力への影響評価の知見を高度化することを目的とした。氷昇華法を用いて氷コア中に含まれる過去のエアロゾル粒子を抽出して、走査型電子顕微鏡・ラマン分光器を用いてその組成を分析し硫酸塩を同定した。その後、ナノシムスを用いて硫酸塩の硫黄同対比を分析した。その結果、TEM用のメッシュに集めた硫酸塩粒子の硫黄同位体比の測定に成功した。しかしながら、誤差が10‰と大きいため、起源を明確に区別することができないという課題を残した。
• 地下氷コア解析によるアラスカ永久凍土域の環境動態解明－氷床コア研究法を応用して－

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業

  研究期間 : 2016年04月 -2019年03月 

  代表者 : 大野 浩, 堀内 一穂, 飯塚 芳徳, 内田 昌男, 中澤 文男

   

  本研究では，アラスカの永久凍土地帯で採取した，約14000年前から約12300年前の期間に形成された地下氷を分析して，当時の気候・環境の復元を試みた． 地下氷コアに含まれるメタンの濃度や安定炭素同位体組成が気温の変化と同期して変動していることが明らかになり，この事実は永久凍土表層部におけるメタンの生成量や生成経路と気候との関係性を示唆している． 海洋生物活動の指標であるメタンスルホン酸の濃度が，寒冷期においても高濃度であったことから，寒冷期でもアラスカ沖の海は海氷によって完全に閉ざされたわけではなく，開水域における何らかの海洋生物活動があったと考えられる．
• グリーンランド氷床コアに含まれる水溶性エアロゾルを用いた人為的気温変動の解読

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業

  研究期間 : 2014年04月 -2019年03月 

  代表者 : 飯塚 芳徳, 植村 立, 本山 秀明, 関 宰, 的場 澄人

   

  グリーンランド内陸の寒冷な地域を選定し、深さ100mの氷コアを掘削した。掘削した新しいアイスコアを用いて、エアロゾルの組成分析、同位体比などこれまでアイスコアでは行われてこなかった水溶性エアロゾルに関する新しい環境指標を抽出し、新しい環境指標を含むアイスコアの総合的な分析から人為起源水溶性エアロゾルの変遷を再評価した。その結果、過去60年間の硫酸イオンや硝酸イオンフラックスを復元し、人為起源排出量と対比したところ、アイスコア中の硝酸フラックスは21世紀以降、下げ止まりをしていることが分かった。
• 南極アイスコアの硫黄同位体比を用いた気候フィードバック機構の解明

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業

  研究期間 : 2014年04月 -2018年03月 

  代表者 : 植村 立, 本山 秀明, 平林 幹啓, 飯塚 芳徳

   

  硫酸エアロゾルは、直接・間接効果を通して気候変動に影響を与える物質である。これまでの研究では、氷期サイクルにおける硫酸エアロゾルの変動は小さいことが示されている。しかし、硫酸エアロゾルには複数の起源があるために、起源ごとの変動は未解明である。本研究では、南極の硫酸エアロゾルの起源推定を行うために、南極氷床の表面雪とアイスコアの硫黄安定同位体比の分析を行った。現在の表面雪の分析結果から、輸送過程による同位体効果は小さく、海洋生物起源活動が主な起源であることが明らかになった。アイスコアの分析では、硫黄同位体比は、最終氷期から完新世にかけての温暖化に対応して、高くなる傾向を示した。
• 湿性沈着エアロゾルに含まれる水溶性微粒子の組成分析

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業

  研究期間 : 2014年04月 -2016年03月 

  代表者 : 飯塚 芳徳, 中村 一樹, 佐藤 友徳

   

  本研究では、氷昇華法を厳寒地の北海道占冠・トマム地域の降雪に応用し、海塩・硫酸塩などが固体微粒子として存在する寒冷な降雪とともに湿性沈着したエアロゾルの粒子状物質の化学組成を分析し、湿性沈着エアロゾルの粒子状物質を明らかにすることを目的とした。分析の結果、エアロゾル微粒子と降雪中の不揮発性微粒子の元素組成分布には違いがみられ、降雪中の不揮発性粒子には塩化物塩が多く見つかった。しかしながら、ダイヤモンドダストに含まれる不揮発性粒子には塩化物塩が含まれておらず、エアロゾルの組成分布とよく似ていた。
• グリーンランド深層氷床コアから見た過去１５万年の温暖化とその影響評価

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業

  研究期間 : 2010年04月 -2016年03月 

  代表者 : 東 久美子, 川村 賢二, 藤田 秀二, 植竹 淳, 本山 秀明, 平林 幹啓, 小端 拓郎, 高村 近子, 倉元 隆之, 瀬川 高弘, 青木 周司, 東 信彦, 飯塚 芳徳

   

  国際深層氷床掘削プロジェクトに参加し、グリーンランド氷床コアを掘削・分析することで、最終間氷期や完新世初期の温暖期と最終氷期の急激な温暖化イベント発生時の気候・環境変動を高時間分解能で復元し、温暖化が氷床変動や環境変動に及ぼす影響を研究した。その結果、最終間氷期の最温暖期は現在よりも気温が8℃±４℃高く、北グリーンランドで顕著な氷床表面融解が起こり、氷床の厚さが400±250ｍ減少したことが示された。グリーンランドの氷の減少量は予想よりも小さく、最終間氷期における海面上昇には南極氷床の縮小が寄与したことが示唆された。また、温暖化に伴う大気・物質循環、微生物活動、海水温の変化が明らかになった。
• 南極氷床内陸積雪の気候シグナル形成の物理過程

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業

  研究期間 : 2012年04月 -2015年03月 

  代表者 : 藤田 秀二, 八久保 晶弘, 飯塚 芳徳, 堀 彰, 川村 賢二, 小端 拓郎, 金 高義

   

  南極氷床内陸積雪の気候シグナル形成の物理過程への理解を深めることを目的として、両極内陸部で採取されたフィルンの構造を調査した。積雪直後の初期に低密度のフィルンは、幾何学的な異方性が小さく、圧密の全過程を通じて卓越して変形することや、塩化物イオンあるいはフッ化物イオンを高濃度で含む層は、氷床表面からの限定された深さで、これらのイオンが拡散・平滑化してしまうまでの期間卓越して変形することを見いだした。これらのイオンが、転位の運動を変調する傍証を得た。さらに、フィルンの幾何的異方性、平均圧密速度、密度ゆらぎには、大きな地点依存性がある。これらの効果はフィルンの組織構造の空間分布によりもたらされる。
• 南北両極の氷床コアに含まれるエアロゾル組成を用いた氷期間氷期の大気化学環境の解読

  文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(若手研究(A))

  研究期間 : 2011年 -2012年 

  代表者 : 飯塚 芳徳

   

  アイスコアに保存されている水溶性エアロゾルを微粒子1粒ごとに観察する手法を世界に先駆けて開発し，南極で採取されたドームふじアイスコアに含まれる硫酸塩エアロゾルを測定した。その結果，過去30万年間の氷期-間氷期サイクルにおいて，硫酸塩フラックスと気温の間に逆相関がみられた。この事実は，硫酸塩フラックスが大きい時代は，エアロゾルの間接効果が気温低下をもたらしていることを示唆する。最終氷期最盛期（約2万年前）から現在の間氷期（現在～約1万年前の温暖期）への気温変動のうち，硫酸塩エアロゾルの間接効果による寄与は最大で5℃と見積られ，硫酸塩エアロゾルが氷期-間氷期の気温変動に寄与したことを解明した。
• 氷床コアの総合解析による様々な時間スケールの地球環境変動の解明

  文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(S))

  研究期間 : 2009年 -2012年 

  代表者 : 本山 秀明, 東 久美子, 飯塚 芳徳, 植村 立

   

  ・南極氷床上の沿岸から内陸に至る約1000kmの輸送ルートがあり、10km毎に採取した表面積雪のイオン、水同位体、ダストの分析を行った。過去の研究結果をふまえて、環境指標物質の輸送過程と堆積環境の変動を調べている。特に最近の大雪との関連に注目して学会発表した。・新たな浅層コアの分析は出来なかったが、すでにある複数コアのデータセットを用いて近年の地球環境変動についての研究を進めた。・南極の最終氷期中の数千年スケールの温暖化イベントであるAIMについて、10年以内の時間分解能でコア解析を進めた。イオンが2.5万年前から3.9万年前まで、水同位体が2.7万年から3.9万年、ダストが2.3万年から3.9万年までで、6つのAIMイベントが含まれる。平成23年度から重点的に研究を進める。・ドームふじコアの72万年間の基本データセット作成と高精度年代決定については研究を継続中。・ダスト分析法については、さまざまな検討をして、一応の解決をした。平成23年度にその経過をまとめて発表する予定である。・補助金にて購入した水同位体分析装置は立ち上げ中で、まだ定常的な運用には至っていない。・氷床コアから気温変動復元を高精度化するために、同位体モデルを用いた気温復元実験について詳細な再検討を行った。とくに、水分子の「水素」と「酸素」安定同位体比を両方とも解析に組み入れることで、水蒸気起源海域の水温復元の...
• ドームふじ氷床コアを用いた過去72万年間の大気エアロゾル組成の復元

  文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(若手研究(B))

  研究期間 : 2009年 -2010年 

  代表者 : 飯塚 芳徳

   

  本研究の目的は過去72万年間における大気エアロゾルの組成を復元することである。南極ドームふじ氷床コアから、-50℃の環境で不揮発性粒子を集める方法を確立した。その後、不揮発性粒子の組成をエネルギー分散型X線分析で分析した。2万年分解能で大気エアロゾル組成を分析したところ、氷期間氷期スケールの気温変動に対応するように温暖期では硫酸ナトリウムが寒冷期には硫酸カルシウム、塩化ナトリウムが主成分であることが明らかとなり、南極上空に存在していた水溶性の大気エアロゾルはその組成が気候ステージで異なっていることが分かった。
• 南極氷床内陸表層部の層位形成の物理機構とその電波リモートセンシング

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業

  研究期間 : 2008年 -2010年 

  代表者 : 藤田 秀二, 福井 幸太郎, 川村 賢二, 東 久美子, SURDYK Sylviane, 五十嵐 誠, 榎本 浩之, 中澤 文男, 杉山 慎, 宮本 淳, 飯塚 芳徳, 堀 彰, 西村 大輔

   

  南極内陸部トラバースによって得られた資試料とデータ用い、南極氷床の内陸部における、雪およびフィルンの層位形成の物理機構の解明をはかった。同時に、それに対する電波リモートセンシング手法を研究した。雪氷堆積環境の広域分布、表面密度構造の季節変化、それに、氷床底面環境の広域分布を明らかにした。さらには、南極内陸部のマイクロ波放射の偏波率が、氷床探査レーダで得た堆積率と良好な一致をすることを明らかにした。
• 氷コア解析に基づく北部北太平洋への陸起源物質降下量復元

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業

  研究期間 : 2007年 -2009年 

  代表者 : 白岩 孝行, 的場 澄人, 山縣 耕太郎, 杉山 慎, 飯塚 芳徳, 佐々木 央岳, 福田 武博, 對馬 あかね

   

  北部北太平で知られている気候レジームシフトと生物基礎生産量変動との関係について調べるために、アラスカ山脈オーロラピーク近傍に発達する氷河において氷コアを採取し、鉄濃度の分析を行った。その結果、10年間の平均鉄沈着量は8.8mg m^<-2>・yr^<-1>で、2001年2002年は、それぞれ、29、19mg m^<-2>・yr^<-1>だった。30m深の海洋表面混合層への鉄の供給は、10年間の平均値では、植物プランクトンを増殖させるほどの影響がないが、2001年、2002年の大規模黄砂時には影響を与えうることが推測された。
• 南極氷床コアの高時間分解能解析による約40万年前の間氷期の年々環境変動特性の解明

  文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(若手研究(B))

  研究期間 : 2007年 -2008年 

  代表者 : 飯塚 芳徳

   

  南極ドームふじ氷床コアの溶存イオン濃度を数mm 分解能の深さ分解能で分析し、おもな溶存イオン濃度の短周期変動が季節変動に起因していることを示唆した。完新世のナトリウムイオン濃度の短周期変動が南極海の海氷面積の季節変動と対応していることを提唱し、南極のヒプシサーマルの時期はそれ以後のやや寒冷な時期に比べて、海氷の季節変動幅が小さく、冬季に現在ほど北上していない可能性を示唆した。
• 氷床コアの高時間分解能解析による急激な気候・環境変動の解明

  文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(S))

  研究期間 : 2003年 -2007年 

  代表者 : 藤井 理行, 神山 孝吉, 吉田 尚弘, 古川 晶雄, 藤田 秀二, 本山 秀明, 東 久美子, 三宅 隆之, 青木 周司, 吉田 尚弘, 飯塚 芳徳, 川村 賢二

   

  本研究の目的は、南極氷床で得られたドームふじ深層コアの氷期サイクルにおける1年スケールの高時間分解能解析法を確立するとともに、コアに記録された急激な気候・環境変動の詳細を解読し、地球規模の変動シナリオの検証を踏まえ、南極域あるいは南半球固有の新たな変動シナリオを解明することである。完新世,LGM,亜氷期,亜間氷期,氷期(MIS7c→7d)のコアの高時間分解解析を行い、ダスト濃度及び非海塩性カルシウムイオンの関係を調べた。両者は時間分解能1年程度でも変動が残存しており、寒冷な気候ステージでは、いずれも濃度が高く両者の相関が高かった。一方、温暖な気候ステージでは、いずれも濃度が低く、かつ両者の相関は悪い。両者の比は温暖な気候ステージの方が大きい。気候ステージによりダストのカルシウム鉱物の組成が異なりかつ比較的短周期で変動している可能性が示唆された。コア中の気体組成(酸素と窒素の存在比)の変動が、過去の大気組成でなく現地の夏期日射量を記録していることを見いだし、地球の軌道要素の摂動による日射量の変動から、氷床コアの年代を正確に求めた。この年代に基づくことで、氷床コアから復元された気候変動や二酸化炭素などの温室効果気体の濃度変動を、地球軌道要素と詳細に比較することぶ初めて可能になった。これから北半球高緯度の夏期日射量の変動が氷期一間氷期の気候変動のきっかけであるという、ミランコビッチ...
• 氷床コア中無機イオン濃度の高時間分解能解析による完新世・最終氷期の季節変動解読

  文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(若手研究(B))

  研究期間 : 2004年 -2006年 

  代表者 : 飯塚 芳徳

   

  フィルンのイオン濃度プロファイルをこれまでにない高い時間分解能で測定した。その結果、主要なイオン種間の反応が表面から約8mの範囲(反応層)で生じていることを明らかにした。例えば、硫酸塩について、表面積雪の[Na^+]+[Mg^<2+>]のプロファイルと[SO_4^<2->]プロファイルの相関を調べると、部分的な相関は認められるが相関係数としては0.6程度であるのに対して、深度8mで0.8を越えて両者のプロファイルは酷似するようになる。すなわち、大気中でも硫酸塩は形成されるが、フィルン内部でもNaCl、MgCl_2(固)とH_2SO_4(液)の反応によって、硫酸塩が生成されることを意味している。また、この反応は、液体であるH_2SO_4が氷粒子の表面に広がって固体粒子であるNaCl等と接触することによって生ずると考えられるから、反応層以深のSO_4^<2->の濃度プロファイルは各深度の[Na^+]+[Mg^<2+>]プロファイルをなぞっているに他ならない。この例のように、生成される塩微粒子や液相で残る酸等の量や分布には、その深度のコアに含まれるイオン濃度のバランスによって様々な違いが生ずるが、[Na^+]や[Mg^<2+>]などのカチオンは堆積後移動しにくいため良い古気候シグナルになることがわかった。現在、カチオンを用いて季節変動による化学物質の存在状態の違いから完新世・最終氷...
• 極地氷床における物理過程の解明とそれに基づく気候、環境変動史の高分解能解析

  文部科学省：科学研究費補助金(学術創成研究費)

  研究期間 : 2002年 -2006年 

  代表者 : 本堂 武夫, 成田 英器, 白岩 孝行, 堀 彰, 藤田 秀二, 飯塚 芳徳, GREVE R・G, 亀田 貴雄

   

  本研究は、氷床における様々な微物理過程と巨視的な氷床過程を融合する新たな研究領域として、Nanoglaciologyを創成すると共に、各地で採取された氷コアの高分解能解析を実施し、種々のシグナルの意味と信頼性を明らかにすることを目的として行われた。当初設定した研究課題をほぼすべて達成し、課題によっては当初想定以上の成果を挙げることができた。研究成果の要点は以下の通りである。1.表層における物質移動と成層構造の形成過程:種々の手法を複合的に駆使して、フィルンにおける圧密過程と表層の層構造が深部に伝搬するメカニズムを明らかにした。また、SEM-EDSおよび顕微RAMANを用いて、イオン種の大部分が硫酸塩などの塩として固体微粒子の状態で存在し、塩生成反応の最終生成物とイオンバランスの関係を反応生成ダイヤグラムとしてまとめて表現できることを示した。2.気泡-ハイドレート遷移過程と気体分別:深部で気泡からクラスレート・ハイドレートに遷移する過程で、ハイドレートの新たな核生成過程を明らかにし、ハイドレートの層状分布が堆積微粒子の季節変動を反映することを示した。また、ハイドレートの成長過程と気体分別およびそれらが大気組成データに与える影響を明らかにした。3.結晶組織の発達過程と氷床流動:これまでの流動モデルで無視されてきた結晶方位分布の異方性を取り込んだ流動モデルの定式化を行った。このモデ...