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Last Updated :2024/09/15

研究者情報

マスター

アカウント（マスター）

  • 氏名

    清水　直人(シミズ　ナオト), シミズ　ナオト

所属（マスター）

  • 農学研究院　基盤研究部門　生物環境工学分野

所属（マスター）

  • 農学研究院　基盤研究部門　生物環境工学分野

独自項目

syllabus

  • 2021, 有機資源循環学特論, Advanced Organic Material Cycles, 修士課程, 農学院, 廃棄物系バイオマス，カーボンニュートラル，堆肥化，バイオ炭、メタン発酵，バイオエタノール，LCA
  • 2021, 食品・循環農業システム工学特論, Advanced Food and Bioproduction Engineering, 修士課程, 農学院, 農業生産技術、食品加工、ポストハーベスト、バイオマス資源、持続可能型農業、環境影響
  • 2021, 生物環境工学実験Ⅱ, Laboratory Work on Bioresource and Environmental Engineering Ⅱ, 学士課程, 農学部, 環境，情報，農作業，農業機械
  • 2021, 生物環境工学実習, Field Training on Bioresource and Environmental Engineering, 学士課程, 農学部, 作物，生産，土，水，大気，環境，農作業，機械，食品，廃棄物，循環
  • 2021, 応用力学, Engineering Mechanics, 学士課程, 農学部, 動力学，慣性力，質点，剛体，エネルギー，振動，１自由度系，自由振動，強制振動，固有振動数，減衰，多自由度系，振動モード，動吸振器，ラグランジュの方程式，解析力学
  • 2021, 熱力学, Thermo-Dynamics, 学士課程, 農学部, 平衡状態，熱，仕事，操作，断熱，準静的過程，不可逆性，カルノーの定理，エントロピー，自由エネルギー，熱力学関係式，ル・ジャンドル変換，安定性，ル・シャトリエの原理，変分原理
  • 2021, 農作業学, Farm Work Systems, 学士課程, 農学部, 農業機械，稲作，畑作，飼料作，作業体系
  • 2021, 生物環境工学実験Ⅳ, Laboratory Work on Bioresource and Environmental Engineering Ⅳ, 学士課程, 農学部, 食料，米，青果物，発酵，好気性，嫌気性，リファイナリー，再生可能エネルギ
  • 2021, 生物環境工学基礎実験, Laboratory Work on the Instrumentation of Bioresource and Environmental Engineering, 学士課程, 農学部, 計測，距離と位置，土壌，水質，流量，力と加速度，温度，湿度，空気質，放射，農産物，画像計測

researchmap

プロフィール情報

学位

  • 博士(農学)（筑波大学）

プロフィール情報

  • 姓

    清水, シミズ

  • 名

    直人, ナオト

  • ID各種

    200901012842557433

対象リソース

業績リスト

研究キーワード

  • バイオエネルギー   ナノバイオシステム   バイオマス   numerical optimization   biotechnology   

研究分野

  • 環境・農学 / 農業環境工学、農業情報工学 / 再生可能エネルギー
  • ナノテク・材料 / ナノバイオサイエンス

委員歴

  • 2013年08月 - 現在   日本食品工学会   人材育成委員
  • 2013年08月 - 現在   日本食品工学会   代議員

受賞

  • 2019年09月 日本生物環境工学会 学術賞
     
    受賞者: Naoto Shimizu

論文

  • Nagohira Sato, Naoto Shimizu, Mitsutoshi Nakajima
    Discover Applied Sciences 6 5 2024年05月08日 [査読有り]
     
    Abstract To implement the technology for producing potato powder, significant investment is required. This study evaluated the techno-economic feasibility of the dried potato powder production process, based on a scenario developed in a starch plant process in Japan. The simulation was performed with SuperPro Designer® software. The annual production volume and the unit production cost were estimated to be 15,786,585 kg and 1056 Japanese yen/kg, respectively. According to economic evaluation indicators—the gross margin, return on investment, payback time, internal rate of return, and net present value (at a 7% interest rate)—the scenario was profitable and investment worthwhile. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of the variable parameters (the purchasing price of raw potatoes, the selling price of potato powder, and labor and electricity costs) on the net present value (at the 7% interest rate). The analysis suggested that the purchasing price of raw potatoes and the selling price of potato powder had particularly large impacts on the net present value.
  • Ruijie Bai, Xiaojue Li, Naoto Shimizu
    Results in Engineering 102284 - 102284 2024年05月 [査読有り]
  • Mudassir Hussain Tahir, Naoto Shimizu
    Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 49 102494 - 102494 2024年03月 [査読有り]
  • Xiaojue Li, Yongheng Yuan, Faqinwei Li, Naoto Shimizu
    ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2024年01月24日 [査読有り]
  • Faqinwei Li, Yongheng Yuan, Naoto Shimizu, Jorge Magaña, Pengxuan Gong, Risu Na
    Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture 10 1 2023年08月03日 [査読有り]
     
    Abstract Background The application of organic fertilizer is a sustainable approach to maintain soil fertility in agricultural crop production. In contrast to other organic fertilizers, the digestate from by-products of anaerobic digestion has not been well characterized in terms of its agronomic properties. In this study, different fertilization treatments were investigated to evaluate their impacts on growth, yield and fruit quality of tomatoes and on soil properties under greenhouse and field conditions. The experiments comprised a control (unfertilized) and three treatments with the same nitrogen dose: chemical fertilizer, digestate from by-product (organic fertilizer) and digestate combined with chemical fertilizer. Results The results showed that the application of digestate significantly increased the growth and fruit quality of tomato including height, stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll content index, and photosynthetic rate of tomato plant and sugar–acid ratio, protein content, and ascorbic acid content of the fruit. The nitrate contents in tomato fruit were lower in the digestate treatment and digestate combined with chemical fertilizer treatment than in the chemical fertilizer. The digestate combined with chemical fertilization resulted in the greatest increase in tomato yield, up to 26.29% and 10.78% higher than that in the chemical fertilizer treatment under field and greenhouse conditions, respectively. Moreover, fertilization with digestate treatment and digestate combined with chemical fertilizer treatment increased soil fertility, including soil nitrogen and carbon contents, and enhanced soil enzyme activities under both field and greenhouse conditions. In addition, the growth, yield, and fruit quality of tomato were significantly correlated with soil chemical characteristics and soil enzyme activities. Conclusions The effects of digestate treatments to maintain a stable tomato yield and improve fruit quality may be due to the enhanced soil enzymatic activities and chemical properties. These results suggest that the use of digestate as a full or partial replacement for chemical fertilizer could improve the growth and fruit quality of tomato, maintain the yield, and reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers in tomato production. Graphical Abstract
  • Faqinwei Li, Yongheng Yuan, Nanding Han, Xiaojue Li, Ruijie Bai, Jorge Magaña, Naoto Shimizu
    Fermentation 9 8 714 - 714 2023年07月27日 [査読有り]
     
    Conversion of livestock manure into organic fertilizer is a sustainable strategy in crop production. In contrast to composted manure, the agronomic characteristics of an anaerobic digestion by-product, digestate, have not been well characterized. This study aimed to investigate the effects of digestate and compost, derived from a pilot-scale livestock waste recycling system, on bioactive compounds in tomato fruits. Both field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to compare the effects of these two organic fertilizers with the application of chemical fertilizer. These comparisons were made by evaluating their influence on tomato yield and bioactive compound contents and antioxidant activity of fruits. The experiment included a control (no fertilizer) and three fertilization treatments with the same nitrogen dose: chemical fertilizer, digestate, and compost. The results revealed that the application of digestate and compost yielded similar results in terms of tomato production, surpassing both the chemical fertilizer application and the control group under both field and greenhouse conditions. Fertilization exhibited a significant influence on the bioactive compound contents and antioxidant capacity of the fruits. Furthermore, the application of digestate and compost led to an increase in the concentration of sugars, phenolic compounds, and several organic acids in the fruits while simultaneously reducing the citric acid levels in comparison to the chemical fertilizer treatment. Moreover, the application of both organic fertilizers improved the total phenol and total flavonoid contents in tomato fruits, and the antioxidant capacity in fruits was significantly higher than that of the chemical fertilizer treatment. In conclusion, the application of digestate or compost derived from the livestock waste recycling system reduced use of chemical fertilizers and resulted in higher tomato yields and fruit with considerably superior bioactive compounds. The results suggested that using digestate or compost as an alternative to inorganic fertilizers for tomato cultivation could assist farmers in increasing productivity, improving the content of bioactive compounds in tomato fruit, and promoting agricultural waste management.
  • Mudassir Hussain Tahir, Naoto Shimizu
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 172 105992 - 105992 2023年06月 [査読有り]
  • Yongheng Yuan, Naoto Shimizu, Faqinwei Li, Jorge Magaña, Xiaojue Li
    Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 109807 - 109807 2023年03月 [査読有り]
  • Xiaorui Xue, Xiaojue Li, Naoto Shimizu
    Resources, Environment and Sustainability 13 100119 - 100119 2023年03月 [査読有り]
  • Xiaojue Li, Naoto Shimizu
    Sustainable Environment Research 33 1 2023年02月07日 [査読有り]
     
    Abstract Food waste and crude glycerol were anaerobically co-digested for 100 days at 52 ± 1 °C with an organic loading rate of 1.0 g L−1 d−1. This long-term thermophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) system encountered severe inhibition from volatile fatty acids (VFAs). The study investigated the impacts of re-inoculation (RI) and biochar addition (BA) on this AD process, and monitored the variation of pH, VFAs, total alkalinity and total ammonia nitrogen during treatment. RI treatment was effective in the short term by recovering reactivity after inhibited sludge was mixed 1:1 with active inoculant. In the long term, RI could not reverse process imbalance and finally failed on day 56. Superior performance in methane production and process stability was observed in BA reactors when compared with control and RI reactors. Overall, the biochar contributed to alkalinity and facilitated the activation of methanogenesis and stimulated the conversion of VFAs.
  • Li Faqinwei, Yongheng Yuan, Pengxuan Gong, Yoshiaki Imazumi, Risu Na, Naoto Shimizu
    Horticulture, Environment and Biotechnology 2023年01月 [査読有り]
  • Yongheng Yuan, Li Faqinwei, Nanding Han, Bingyao Zeng, Yoshiaki Imaizumi, Risu Na, Naoto Shimizu
    Fermentation 8 11 573  2022年10月 [査読有り]
  • Ibrahim Shaba, Risu Na, Naoto Shimizu
    Fermentation 8 3 110 - 110 2022年03月03日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Despite the importance of the biodegradability of lignocellulose biomass, few studies have evaluated the lignocellulose biomass digestion kinetics and modeling of the process. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a mature energy production technique in which lignocellulose biomass is converted into biogas. However, using different organic waste fractions in AD plants is challenging. In this study, lignocellulose biomass (corn stover hydrochar) obtained from hydrothermal carbonization at a temperature, residential time, and biomass/water ratio of 215 °C, 45 min, and 0.115, respectively, was added to the bioreactor as a substrate inoculated with food waste and cow dung to generate biogas. A state–space AD model containing one algebraic equation and two differential equations was constructed. All the parameters used in the model were dependent on the AD process conditions. An adaptive identifier system was developed to automatically estimate parameter values from input and output data. This made it possible to operate the system under different conditions. Daily cumulative biogas production was predicted using the model, and goodness-of-fit analysis indicated that the predicted biogas production values had accuracies of >90% during both model construction and validation. Future work will focus on the application of modeling predictive control into an AD system that would comprise both models and parameters estimation.
  • Surakshi Rajapaksha, Naoto Shimizu
    Food Chemistry: X 13 100200 - 100200 2022年03月 [査読有り]
  • Xiaojue Li, Naoto Shimizu
    Fermentation 7 4 284 - 284 2021年11月27日 [査読有り]
     
    To enhance anaerobic fermentation during food waste (FW) digestion, pretreatments can be applied or the FW can be co-digested with other waste. In this study, lipase addition (LA), hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP), and a combination of both methods (HL) were applied to hydrolyze organic matter in FW. Furthermore, the effects of crude glycerol (CG), which provided 5%, 10%, and 15% of the volatile solids (VS) as co-substrate (denoted as CG5, CG10, and CG15, respectively), on the anaerobic digestion of FW were assessed. With an increasing proportion of CG in the co-digestion experiment, CG10 showed higher methane production, while CG15 negatively affected the anaerobic digestion (AD) performance owing to propionic acid accumulation acidifying the reactors and inhibiting methanogen growth. As the pretreatments partially decomposed hard-to-degrade substances in advance, pretreated FW showed a stronger methane production ability compared with raw FW, especially using the HL method, which was significantly better than co-digestion. HL pretreatment was shown to be a promising option for enhancing the methane potential value (1.773 NL CH4/g VS) according to the modified Gompertz model.
  • Naoto SHIMIZU, Kazuto YOSHIDA
    Environment Control in Biology 59 4 165 - 171 2021年10月01日 [査読有り]
  • Surakshi Wimangika Rajapaksha, Naoto Shimizu
    Molecules 26 13 3898 - 3898 2021年06月25日 
    Antioxidant polyphenols in black tea residue are an underused source of bioactive compounds. Microencapsulation can turn them into a valuable functional ingredient for different food applications. This study investigated the potential of using spent black tea extract (SBT) as an active ingredient in food packaging. Free or microencapsulated forms of SBT, using a pectin–sodium caseinate mixture as a wall material, were incorporated in a cassava starch matrix and films developed by casting. The effect of incorporating SBT at different polyphenol contents (0.17% and 0.34%) on the structural, physical, and antioxidant properties of the films, the migration of active compounds into different food simulants and their performance at preventing lipid oxidation were evaluated. The results showed that adding free SBT modified the film structure by forming hydrogen bonds with starch, creating a less elastic film with antioxidant activity (173 and 587 µg(GAE)/g film). Incorporating microencapsulated SBT improved the mechanical properties of active films and preserved their antioxidant activity (276 and 627 µg(GAE)/g film). Encapsulates significantly enhanced the release of antioxidant polyphenols into both aqueous and fatty food simulants. Both types of active film exhibited better barrier properties against UV light and water vapour than the control starch film and delayed lipid oxidation up to 35 d. This study revealed that starch film incorporating microencapsulated SBT can be used as a functional food packaging to protect fatty foods from oxidation.
  • Bingyao Zeng, Naoto Shimizu
    Energies 14 13 3793 - 3793 2021年06月24日 [査読有り]
     
    Hydrothermal gasification (HTG) experiments were carried out to extract hydrogen from biomass. Although extensive research has been conducted on hydrogen production with HTG, limited research exists on the use of biochar as a raw material. In this study, woodland residues (wood chip) and biochar from wood-chip pyrolysis were used in HTG treatment to generate hydrogen. This research investigated the effect of temperature (300–425 °C) and biomass/water (0.5–10) ratio on gas composition. A higher temperature promoted hydrogen production because the water–gas shift reaction and steam-reforming reaction were promoted with an increase in temperature. The methane concentration was related positively to temperature because of the methanation and hydrogenation reactions. A lower biomass/water ratio promoted hydrogen production but suppressed carbon-monoxide production. Most reactions that produce hydrogen consume water, but water also affects the water–gas shift reaction balance, which decreases the carbon-monoxide concentration. By focusing on the practical application of HTG, we attempted biochar treatment by pyrolysis (temperature of heating part: 700 °C), and syngas was obtained from hydrothermal treatment above 425 °C.
  • Naoto Shimizu, Bingyao Zeng, Keisuke Kushima
    SN Applied Sciences 3 5 2021年05月 [査読有り]
     
    AbstractThis work describes batch-type hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) treatments of conifer wood chips at 180–425 °C, under either air or nitrogen atmosphere. Such experiments allow efficient extraction of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and other valuable chemical substances, such as glycolic acid and acetic acid, from the lignocellulosic biomass. These compounds and their decomposition products present in the samples after HTL are analyzed and quantified using spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. In general, the relatively higher-pressure nitrogen atmospheric condition is more suitable for obtaining the desired products, relative to the air atmosphere. Based on the quantitative results, the optimal temperatures for producing acetic acid, glycolic acid, and HMF are 300 °C, 250 °C, and 180 °C, respectively. The interesting relationship between HMF yield and temperature is also discussed; as the temperature increases, the yield of HMF first decreases and then increases. This phenomenon is explained by the exothermic nature of the HMF decomposition reaction, which is inhibited by excessively high temperature (in the range from 380 to 425 °C). At moderately high temperatures (optimized conditions; 300 °C), the generation rate of HMF exceeds its decomposition rate, resulting in a high yield of HMF. Based on the results of the experiments conducted in this study, the decomposition mechanism describing HTL treatment of wood chips can be elucidated. This study therefore provides guidance for future work involving HMF extraction from lignocellulosic biomass.
  • Risu Na, Keisuke Uchitani, Kazuto Yoshida, Naoto Shimizu
    Processes 9 2 197 - 197 2021年01月21日 [査読有り]
     
    The process instability of anaerobic digestion (AD) is a common issue and may result in underperformance or short-term process failure. Extensive research has shown that total solids (TS) content in AD has a significant impact on system stability and performance. However, no study has examined the feasibility of stabilizing the AD process by maintaining constant TS content in the digestate. In this study, an innovative control approach based on constant TS content in the digestate during AD was developed using a mass balance equation. Two levels of TS content (desired values of 4% wet basis (w.b.) and 6% w.b.) were compared with conventional control. The process stability was examined by monitoring digestate components and pH. Substrate-specific methane yield (m3 CH4/kg VS) was used to assess the effectiveness of the controlled conditions. The results showed that the digestate TS content during AD can be controlled and that the digestion process can be stabilized by controlled conditions. In addition, constant TS in the digestate (within 1% w.b. of the desired level) gave increased levels of biogas production (10.2%), methane (13.5%), and substrate-specific methane yield (43.3%) at 4% TS, and respective increases of 16.6%, 21.2%, and 20.8% at 6% TS when compared with standard operation.
  • Risu Na, Keisuke Kushima, Naoto Shimizu
    MATEC Web of Conferences 333 07011 - 07011 2021年 [査読有り]
     
    The effects of pyrolysis pretreatment on biogas production during anaerobic co-digestion of corn stover were studied. The corn stover characteristics were investigated by performing thermogravimetric analysis using a heating rate of 10.0°C/min and an air atmosphere at atmospheric pressure. Corn stover aliquots pretreated in an electric furnace at 100°C for 360 min, 200°C for 15 min, and 300°C for 5 min were used. Untreated and pretreated corn stover samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and other methods, and the bulk densities and component ratios were compared to identify changes caused by the pretreatments. The amounts of total solids, volatile solids, volatile fatty acids, and total ammonia nitrogen produced when the stover samples were anaerobically digested were measured. The biogas production rate and the methane concentration in the biogas were determined. The substrate-specific methane yields were determined, and the relationships between the yields and pretreatment conditions were assessed. The sample pretreated at 300°C for 5 min produced the most biogas. The corn stover total solid bulk density was directly related to the substrate-specific methane yield, the substratespecific methane yield decreasing as the total solid bulk density increased.
  • Kazuto Yoshida, Naoto Shimizu
    Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 43 12 2189 - 2200 2020年12月 [査読有り]
     
    AbstractWe developed a biogas production management system to control biogas production by determining the feedstock inputs to the anaerobic digestion process according to fluctuations of the renewable energy supply. The developed system consists of three functions: a prediction model for the anaerobic digestion processes, a parameter-estimation system, and a feedstock-determination controller. A prediction model for the anaerobic digestion processes in a state-space representation was constructed for the input–output relationship of biogas generation from organic compounds and the state of methane fermentation. A parameter-estimation system that estimated the parameters included in the prediction model from actual operating process data was built based on adaptive identification theory. The feedstock-determination controller was established based on model predictive control as a method to control biogas production. From the results of the identification experiment, the least square estimator of the parameters converged as the training data increased, and a reliable parameter was given in 1 week. From the results of the numerical simulation and the control experiment, it was confirmed that the biogas production management system developed in this study had a high prediction accuracy and control performance.
  • D.S.W. Rajapaksha, Naoto Shimizu
    Food Science & Nutrition 8 8 4297 - 4307 2020年08月 [査読有り]
  • Ibrahim Shaba Mohammed, Risu Na, Keisuke Kushima, Naoto Shimizu
    Sustainability 12 12 5100 - 5100 2020年06月23日 [査読有り]
     
    Corn stover is an abundant and underused source of lignocellulose waste biomass that can be transformed into a high-quality energy resource using hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). This investigation has focused on the effect of processing parameters on the products of HTC—namely solid fuel or hydrochar and liquid and gas fractions. HTC was conducted in a temperature-controlled small batch reactor with corn stover and deionized water under oxygen-free conditions obtained by pressurizing the reactor headspace with nitrogen gas. The properties of the hydrochar and liquid and gas fractions were evaluated as a function of the process temperature (250–350 °C), residence time (30–60 min) and biomass/water ratio (0.09–0.14). Central composite design modules in a response surface methodology were used to optimize processing parameters. The maximum mass yield, energy yield and high heating value (HHV) of the hydrochar produced were 29.91% dry weight (dw), 42.38% dw and 26.03 MJ/kg, respectively. Concentrations of acetic acid and hydrogen gas were 6.93 g/L and 0.25 v/v%, respectively. Experimental results after process optimization were in satisfactory agreement with the predicted HHV. The optimal HTC process parameters were determined to be 305 °C with a 60 min residence time and a biomass/water ratio of 0.114, yielding hydrochar with a HHV of 25.42 MJ/kg. The results confirm the feasibility of an alternative corn stover management system.
  • Naoto SHIMIZU, Andres ABEA, Tetsuya USHIYAMA, Ebru Toksoy ÖNER
    Food Science & Nutrition 2020年03月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Ebrahim Taghinezhad, Antoni Szumny, Mohammad Kaveh, Vali Rasooli Sharabiani, Anil Kumar, Naoto Shimizu
    Foods 9 2020年01月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Naoto Shimizu, Tetsuya USHIYAMA, Takanori ITOH
    Environmental Control in Biology 57 4 87 - 92 2019年10月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Adaptive identification of anaerobic digestion process for biogas production management systems
    Kazuto YOSHIDA, Keita KAMETANI, Naoto SHIMIZU
    Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 43 45 - 54 2019年09月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Structure of Fine Waxy Rice Starch Prepared Via a Compressed Hot Water Process
    Naoto Shimizu, Tetsuya Ushiyama
    Food Science and Technology Research 24 5 795 - 801 2018年09月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Microencapsulation using Spray-drying: The Use of Fine Starch Solution for the Wall Material
    Tetsuya Ushiyama, Naoto Shimizu
    Food Science and Technology Research 24 4 653 - 659 2018年07月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Naoto Shimizu, Joko Nugroho Wahyu Karyadi, Michio Harano, Kazunori Iwabuchi, Toshinori Kimura
    Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food 11 2 65 - 73 2018年04月01日 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate strategy for cattle manure composting with forced aeration. The composting of cattle manure was conducted using an 18.8 L reactor with three different amounts of total air supplied (1080, 3240 and 10,800 L/kg dry mass) during 360 h of composting using continuous and on/off sequencing (20 min/h) aeration methods and three turning patterns (no turning, full turning and turning with position change). The degradation of organic matter in three-stage systems (the compost was turned every 120 h over the 360 h period) was significantly affected by total air supply volume and was large in the case of on/off sequence aeration. The pattern of moisture change was more affected by turning than by aeration modes. The optimal composting conditions for organic matter degradation (maximum of 37.7%) were aeration rate: 0.45 L/min kg dm, aeration mode: on/off sequencing process and full turning. The total accumulated weight losses and heat generated during composting indicated significant effects of the total air supplied and were large in the case of the continuous process.
  • Subaru Nakajima, Naoto Shimizu, Hiroyuki Ishiwata, Tadahiko Ito
    Nihon Enerugi Gakkaishi/Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy 95 8 645 - 647 2016年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of municipal solid wastes (MSW) was conducted for 6 weeks in a lab-scale semi-continuous digester for investigating the start-up operation of anaerobic digestion treating MSW. The feedstock was a mixture of simulated food waste, paper waste, and in some cases, cow manure. Organic loading rate (OLR) was adjusted 1.14-4.00 gVS/kg-sludge/day to biogas production. At the initial stage of thermophilic anaerobic digestion, pH value gradually increased from 8.2 to 8.3 on 17th day from start-up. Free-ammonia concentration in the digester also gradually increased from 361.6 to 412.5 ppm. On 17th day, inhibition of free-ammonia occurs, and biogas generation stopped. After gas generation stopped on day 17, pH and free-ammonia concentration were adjusted to the proper level by adding paper and deionized water. As a result, gas generation restarted on day 21. Then the amount of food waste charged in the digester was decreased and that of paper waste was increased to adjust the total amount of nitrogen invested in the digester. Afterwards, pH value was settled around 7.8, and a stable digestion was achieved till the end of experiment. Inhibition of free-ammonia could be suppressed by adjusting the amount of nitrogen invested in the digester.
  • 乳牛ふん尿の灌水同時施肥を可能とする固液分離機併用型好気生ふん尿発酵
    山下 善道, 福原 資雄, 岩田 晃一郎, 佐藤 達雄, 荒木 肇, 近江谷 和彦, 清水 直人, 岩渕 和則
    農業施設 45 1 8 - 13 2014年03月 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • 吉岡泰嗣, 清水直人
    日本食品工学会誌 15 2 95 - 100 2014年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Nanoscale waxy rice starch particles were prepared in compressed hot water, and the effects of the concentration of waxy rice starch dispersion, the pressure and temperature of the compressed hot water on mean particle size and particle size distribution were investigated. Particle size and particle size distribution of the waxy rice starch nanoparticles were measured by dynamic light scattering. Mean particle size was found to depend on the preparation conditions. The smallest average particle size of 150.4 nm was obtained with a starch concentration of 0.1％ (w/w), an initial pressure of 3.0 MPa, and a final temperature of 180°C. It is suggested that particle size can be controlled by the preparation conditions. In addition, any sample prepared in compressed hot water tends to have a particle size distribution spanning less than 100 nm. The use of compressed hot water is also effective for preparing waxy rice starch nanodispersion with nanoparticles smaller than 100 nm. Furthermore, we have attempted to determine the reaction field of compressed hot water by the ionic product.
  • 伊藤貴則, 清水直人
    日本食品工学会誌 15 3 165 - 172 2014年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    In order to establish the industrial production of difructose anhydride III (DFA III) from inulin using subcritical water, we investigated the effect of subcritical water phases (5 preset temperature: 150, 155, 160, 165, 170°C, pressure: 3.0-5.0 MPa) on hydrolysis of inulin. The inulin hydrolyzate components determined by mass spectrometry were difructose anhydrides (DFAs) including DFA III, monosaccharides and oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization (DPs) of 2-12. The DPs of oligosaccharides prepared at 165 and 170°C were 2-4 and those at 150, 155 and 160°C were 2-12. Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural were also detected in the inulin hydrolyzate by UV-Vis spectrometry. The optimum temperature for converting inulin to DFA III was temperature of 160- 165°C, pressure of 3.0-5.0 MPa. This study showed a potential of formation of DFA III from inulin under these subcritical water phases.
  • 高橋 寿明, 清水 直人, フジウ カテリーナ, ネヴェス マルコス, 市川 創作, 中嶋 光敏
    日本食品工学会誌 14 1 59 - 67 日本食品工学会 2013年 
    ハンマミルで調製された平均粒径 108μmの米微粉末を一次原料にして，粉末の液体窒素浸漬処理の後，超遠心粉砕機を用い，ロータ回転数を6000，8000，10000，14000，18000，18000 ×2 cycle rpmに設定して米のクラリオ微粉末化を試み，6種の米微粉末を調製した．それら米微粉末の成分と粒径分布の測定を行い，米のクラリオ微粉化の素過程に関して，各種米微粉末（低温臼式製粉粉，ハンマミル粉，ジェットミル粉）の成分や平均粒径を参考にしながら解析を進めた．次いで，走査型電子顕微鏡（SEM: Scanning electron microscopy）を用い粳米デンプンの粒子画像を対象にして，超遠心粉砕機による米微粉末と各種米微粉末の微細構造の観察を行った．超遠心粉砕機による米微粉化の素過程として，5種の玄米微粉末の粒子分布には，14.3～17.8 μmと52.1～92.1 μmの2つのピークが認められ，最も平均粒径の細かい粉砕粉末は，17 μmを中心とする粒径分布へと変化，収束していった．SEMによって観察された平均粒径40 μmの粒子は，輪郭が丸く，球形に近かった．平均粒径10 μm以下の粒子の構造は，粳米デンプンの一次粒子に近い多面体であった．また，粉末の加工適性として重要な品質項目であるバルク粉末表面の白色度について，マイクロスケールまで微細化された米微粉末は，より白色度が高まり，細かいほど白いとする傾向は，数マイクロまでサイズダウンされた米微粉末についてもいえるとともに，白度が有用な指標であることがわかった．
  • Md. Sharif HOSSEN, Itaru SOTOME, Makiko TAKENAKA, Seiichiro ISOBE, Mitsutoshi NAKAJIMA, Naoto SHIMIZU, Hiroshi OKADOME
    Japan Journal of Food Engineering 14 1 37 - 46 2013年
  • Micro- and nanotechnology for food processing
    Naoto Shimizu, Hiroshi Okadome, Mitsutoshi Nakajima
    Resource: Engineering and Technology for Sustainable World 16 6 19 - 20 2009年09月 
    The food processing industry are using nanoscale processing to make new solid-state forms of biological or food materials, such as cereals, compared with conventional materials. The rice flour and starch are processed into various kinds of products and are used in the production of sake, confectionery, and miso, as well as some new products and biomaterials. The study has examined examined the effects of different milling machines on the production of rice flour, and we analyzed the particle size and size distribution of the various pulverized products. Flour produced from milled rice has lower protein and with flour made from intact brown rice. The moisture content of rice flour varies according to the pulverization method, that further changes in the particles during the pulverization process and can result in micro-scale deformations in the particles, and bond breakages that generate heat.
  • N. Shimizu, M. A. Haque, M. Andersson, T. Kimura
    JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE 48 1 98 - 103 2008年07月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Fissuring associated with kernel elongation was evident in a moisture-adsorbing environment at 15 degrees C of relative humidity 88.72 +/- 0.28% with moisture content from 6% (d.b.) to 16.3% (d.b.). The average length and width of 800 kernels was measured during the sorption test using a Cervitec Grain Inspector equipped with two digital cameras. Samples were exposed to both a moisture-adsorbing and desorbing environments at 15 degrees C with relative humidities of 23.4 +/- 0.53%, 55.9 +/- 0.27%, 70.98 +/- 0.28% and 88.72 +/- 0.28%. On image analysis, the kernels changed in size from 5.13 to 4.84mm in length and 2.9 to 2.73mm in width. Both length and width changed as expected during moisture-adsorbing and moisture-desorbing tests. Fissured kernel percent was related to changes in the average length of the kernels during the moisture-adsorbing tests. The average length and fissured kernel percent of rice kernels measured by image analysis may be considered as a reliable indicator of changes in their dimensions during quasi-static moisture sorption processes. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • Shimizu, N, Okadome, H, Wada, D, Kimura, T, Ohtsubo, K.
    Chinese Food Science 29 8 118 - 124 2008年 [査読無し][招待有り]
  • Investigation of Fissure Formation During the Drying and Post-Drying of Japonica Aromatic Rice
    Jafar Hashemi, Naoto Shimizu
    International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 10 2 179 - 184 2008年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Jafar Hashemi, Md. Ashraful Haque, Naoto Shimizu, Toshinori Kimura
    Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR Ejournal Manuscript FP 07 034. X  2008年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Marcos Antonio Das Neves, Naoto Shimizu, Toshinori Kimura, Kiwamu Shiiba
    JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING 30 3 338 - 356 2007年06月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    An overview of the potential application of wheat milling by-products as substrate for bioethanol production is presented. In order to select a suitable microorganism, model fermentations were conducted using glucose and dry baker's yeast. The overall ethanol yield was nearly stable (ca. 0.35 g/g), independent of mash glucose concentration; mashes with 100 g glucose/L resulted in an overall ethanol productivity of 3.48 g/L.h. Slurries containing low-grade wheat flour (LG) (100, 200 or 300 g/L) were used for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with Zymomonas mobilis. Fermentation performance was evaluated based on ethanol concentration (P), productivity (Q(v)), yield (Y-P/S), production rate (Q(p)) and glucose consumption rate (Q(s)). Mashes containing 200 g LG/L produced about 52 g ethanol/L, with Q(v) of 2.17 g/L.h. Based on the relatively high fermentation rate of LG, reaching peak ethanol productivity within ca. 9 h of SSF, considerable savings on fermentation time was achieved. Using Z. mobilis for LG fermentation, P was about 30% higher than that obtained with Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • Poritosh Roy, Naoto Shimizu, Hiroshi Okadome, Takeo Shiina, Toshinori Kimura
    Journal of Food Engineering 79 4 1250 - 1255 2007年04月 [査読有り]
  • Noriko Komatsuzaki, Kikuichi Tsukahara, Hidechika Toyoshima, Tadanao Suzuki, Naoto Shimizu, Toshinori Kimura
    JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 78 2 556 - 560 2007年01月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    To establish a new method of processing germinated brown rice (GBR), we processed grain of cultivars with a large germ by soaking and gaseous treatment. After soaking for 3 h and gaseous treatment for 21 h at 35 degrees C, the content of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in GBR (24.9 mg/100 g) was higher than that by the conventional soaking method (10.1 mg/100 g). Although the number of microorganisms on the surface of the GBR increased during soaking, steaming for 20 min and ethanol treatment for 3 min completely sterilized the GBR and did not reduce the amount of GABA. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • Md. Ashraful Haque, Naoto Shimizu, Toshinori Kimura, B. K. Bala
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 10 1 25 - 37 2007年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Hygroscopy of hybrid rice affects storage, handling, and processing. The thermodynamic relationship upon which the estimate of isosteric heat is based is the Clausius-Clayperon equation. The net isosteric heat of sorption was determined from the slope of the ln(rh) versus 1/T lines at a constant moisture content. Net isosteric heat of desorption was found higher than that for the adsorption within a moisture content range of 12-20% for all of the rice kernels. The net isosteric heats of desorption and adsorption were higher for hybrid rough rice kernels followed by brown rice and milled rice kernels, respectively. An empirical equation was fitted to describe the net isosteric heats of hybrid rice kernels as a function of moisture content and was found adequate to predict the net isosteric heats. The intercept K was also found to be a function of moisture content and the model predicted the K value well (r(2) = 0.85 for adsorption and r(2) = 0.92 for desorption). This set of two equations would be useful in the simulation of hybrid rice during storage.
  • Joko Nugroho, Wahyu Karyadi, Michio Harano, Naoto Shimizu, Tomohiro Takigawa, Toshinori Kimura
    Journal of the Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery 69 4 71 - 78 The Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery and Food Engineers 2007年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    容量18.8Lの反応槽を使用して, 牛ふんのコンポスト化を3つの通気量 (0.05, 0.15, 0.50L/min.kgdm) と3つの切り返し (層の位置の入れ替えによる切り返し, 全体の切り返し, 切り返しなし) の条件で行った。最高温度は通気量0.05L/min.kgdmで64.3℃, 0.15L/min.kgdmで73.2℃, そして0.50L/min.kgdmで70.8℃であった。通気量0.50L/min.kgdmで, 効果的にコンポスト化初期過程における分解が促進された。切り返しをしない場合に比べ, 切返しをする場合は有機物の分解が促進されることが明らかになった。通気量0.50L/min.kgdmによる15日後の分解率は, 切り返しなしの場合で24.7%, 全体の切り返しをした場合で30.1%, そして層の位置を入れ替えた切返しでは29.3%であった。通気量の増加によってコンポスト化材料の総重量減は増加した。
  • 木村俊範, 清水直人, ジョコ ヌグロホ, 佐藤圭介
    農業機械学会誌 69 5 78 - 87 The Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery and Food Engineers 2007年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    コンポスト化プロセスの省エネ化によるコストの低減を目指し, 小容積堆肥化実験装置を用いた間欠通気の効果を検証した。コンポスト化の進行状況に影響を与える因子としては, 通気中の通気量, 通気時間と休止時間との比, および間欠1サイクルの所要時間などが主要なものと考え, これらを変化させて実験した。
    その結果, 改善効果を得るための適正間欠通気条件の選択にとって示唆的な知見が得られた。また結果の動向は連続通気反応解析の知見ともほぼ整合するものであった。
  • Poritosh Roy, Naoto Shimizu, Takeo Shiina, Toshinori Kimura
    Journal of Food Engineering 76 4 646 - 655 2006年10月 [査読有り]
  • Marcos Antonio das Neves, Toshinori Kimura, Naoto Shimizu, Kiwamu Shiiba
    Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 49 3 481 - 490 2006年05月 [査読有り]
     
    Two samples of low-grade wheat flour, namely low-grade 1 (LG1) and low-grade 2 (LG2), with different carbohydrate and fibrous content, were used as substrates. The samples were liquefied using various concentrations of alpha- or beta-amylase, in order to optimize the production of fermentable sugars; the enzyme alpha-amylase revealed higher performance. After liquefaction, the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation was conducted in a jar fermentor. Amyloglucosidase was used for saccharification, and dry baker's yeast, S. cerevisiae, for fermentation simultaneously. Glucose was consumed promptly in both cases, LG1 and LG2; ethanol production was considerably higher in LG1 (38.6 g/L), compared to LG2 (24.9 g/L). The maximum ATP production was observed early in the SSF process. LG1 revealed higher potential as substrate for ethanol production.
  • T Hashimoto, N Shimizu, T Kimura, Y Takahashi, T Ide
    JOURNAL OF NUTRITION 136 4 882 - 886 2006年04月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The effects of dietary phytol and the type of dietary fat on hepatic fatty acid oxidation were examined in male ICR mice. Mice were fed diets containing 0 or 5 g/kg phytol and 100 g/kg palm, safflower, or fish oil for 21 d. Among the groups fed phytol-free diets, the activities and mRNA abundance of various enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation were greater in mice fed fish oil than in those fed palm or safflower oil. Dietary phytol profoundly increased the activities and mRNA abundance of hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzymes in mice fed palm oil. However, safflower and fish oils, especially the latter, greatly attenuated the phytol-dependent increase in hepatic fatty acid oxidation. The hepatic concentration of phytanic acid, a metabolite of phytol that is the ligand and activator of retinoid X receptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, was higher in mice fed fish oil than safflower or palm oil, and in those administered safflower oil than palm oil. The hepatic mRNA abundance of sterol carrier protein-2, a lipid-binding protein involved in phytol metabolism, was inversely correlated with the hepatic concentration of phytanic acid. We demonstrated that polyunsaturated fats attenuate the enhancing effect of dietary phytol on hepatic fatty acid oxidation. Dietary fat-dependent changes in the hepatic phytanic acid concentration cannot account for this phenomenon.
  • Ashraful Haque, M. K. K. Sudeepa, Naoto Shimizu, Toshinori Kimura
    FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 12 1 1 - 7 KARGER 2006年02月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The performance of a method that could accelerate the sorption process of biological materials was evaluated with respect to rapidness (expedition of sorption), comparability of equilibrium moisture content (EMC) values with the control (conventional static method) and effect of specific airflow rates on the rate of sorption, EMC, and sorption rate constant. For this purpose, a simple, compact, and inexpensive experimental setup was fabricated with a facility to agitate the conditioned air around the sample. Different forms of raw and parboiled rice kernels (rough rice, brown rice, and milled rice) of an Indica variety were used as sample material. Both adsorption and desorption processes were investigated under conditions of high humidity (80.27%) and tropical temperature (30 degrees C). Sorption rate constants based on a first-order kinetic model showed a faster rate of sorption by the accelerated method compared to the control for determining the equilibrium moisture content (EMC). The accelerated method required 40-60% less time compared to the control method (static) to reach sorption equilibrium. Specific airflow rates of 79.14 m(3)/min-m(3) and lower showed the most similar EMC values to those of the control. The results showed that this method can be applied in order to expedite the sorption process.
  • Marcos A. das Neves, Naoto Shimizu, Toshinori Kimura, Kiwamu Shiiba
    Journal of the Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery 68 6 109 - 116 The Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery and Food Engineers 2006年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    発酵基質として小麦製粉副産物の基質濃度を最適化することによって潜在的なエタノール生産利用の見通しを得ることが出来ると考えられる. 炭素源としてグルコースを使用し, 乾燥パン酵母によってモデル発酵を行った. 基質濃度によらず, 全体のエタノールの収率 (YP/S) はほぼ安定していた (0.35g-ethanol/g-glucose). 基質としてグルコース100g/Lを使用した場合, エタノールの生産性 (Qv) は3.48g/L・hに達した. 小麦製粉副産物の末粉 (LG) を基質として3段階の濃度 (100g/L, 200g/L, 300g/L) のスラリーを用いて Zymonas mobilis によって同時糖化発酵 (SSF) を行った. 小麦粉 (WF) を参照基質として使用し, エタノール濃度 (P), Qv, YP/S, エタノールの生産率 (Qp) およびグルコース消費率 (Qs) に基づいて, LGとWFの発酵性能を評価した. 基質濃度200g/Lの場合, Pが約52g/L, Qvが2.17g/L・hであった. ブラジルでの末粉の発生量が約0.34百万トン (2000年) であり, 原料として全量使用できると仮定すると78.2百万リットルのエタノールが生産量が見積られる.
  • Jafar Hashemi, Naoto Shimizu, Toshinori Kimura
    Japan Journal of Food Engineering 7 4 233 - 244 2006年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Rice is a major economic crop in Iran, where it is usually dried using a batch-type dryer until the final moisture content (FMC) reaches below 9 %. The influence of low FMC (about 9 %) produced by four drying temperatures (30, 40, 50, and 60°C) on the physical properties, milling, and cooking qualities of short grain aromatic rice were investigated. The obtained data were also compared with standard FMC (about 12 %) treatments which were dried in a batch type dryer. The experimental result showed that for low FMC samples, head rice yield (HRY) was increased by 4 % at drying temperatures of 30°C and 40°C but was reduced by about 20 % at 60°C in comparison with control samples (25°C, 60 % RH). The water uptake ratio (WUR) and volume expansion ratio (VER) were decreased significantly as the drying temperatures were increased. We can conclude that low FMC (9 %) could produce higher HRY, if the drying temperature is 40°C or less. In addition, high drying temperatures (50°C and 60°C) caused increases in the number of fissured kernels, energy consumption and decreases in HRY, WUR, and VER. Maintaining the HRY and keeping a cooking quality at maximum level are the main task for the optimization of drying process. It was occurred at drying temperature less than 40°C with a low FMC for aromatic rice. Therefore, a drying temperature of more than 40°C would result in deterioration of quality of japonica type aromatic rice, followed by low FMC. © 2006, Japan Society for Food Engineering. All rights reserved.
  • SE Kays, N Shimizu, FE Barton, K Ohtsubo
    CROP SCIENCE 45 6 2307 - 2311 2005年11月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Dietary fiber is an important quality parameter of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) but is extremely laborious to measure. Near-infrared (NIR) transmission and reflectance spectroscopy were investigated as rapid screening tools to evaluate the total dietary fiber content of barley cultivars. The Foss Grainspec Rice Analyzer and NIR Systems 6500 spectrometer were used to obtain transmission and reflectance spectra, respectively, of polished grains and ground barley. Total dietary fiber was determined for each cultivar by AOAC Method 991.43. Modified PLS models developed for predicting total dietary fiber, using transmission spectra (850-1048 nm) of polished grains, had a standard error of cross validation (SECV) of 10.4 (range 58-197) g kg(-1) and R-2 of 0.82 indicating sufficient accuracy for selecting or rejecting high dietary fiber cultivars. NIR reflectance spectroscopy (1104-2494 nm) of ground barley samples resulted in a model with SECV of 5.2 (range 58-197) g kg(-1) and R-2 0.96, indicating a high degree of precision in the prediction of total dietary fiber. The increased accuracy of the reflectance model may be due in part to more information available in the wavelength region used. The precision, low cost per sample and speed of measurement of the technique allow making dietary fiber selection decisions for large numbers of progeny in barley breeding programs.
  • H Okadome, H Toyoshima, N Shimizu, K Suzuki, K Ohtsubo
    CEREAL CHEMISTRY 82 4 414 - 419 2005年07月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The purpose of this study was to develop highly accurate regression models with texture parameters of cooked milled rice grains for predicting pasting properties in terms of quality index of rice flour. Two methods were adopted as the texture measurement to acquire predictors for the models. In the calibration set, all the multiple regression models by a single-grain method exhibited a higher R-2 than those by a three-grain method. Each of the former models also showed a lower SEP and a higher RPD in the validation set. The prediction performance was best for consistency (RPD = 2.4). The single-grain method was more advantageous for the pasting prediction. These results suggest that the models based on grain texture could predict rice flour quality.
  • YQ Cheng, N Shimizu, T Kimura
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 40 4 385 - 390 2005年04月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The viscoelastic properties of different types of tofu were investigated. Soymilk concentrations were 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9%. Coagulants used were 30 mM CaSO4 or 30 mM glucono-delta-lactone (GDL). As the concentration of soymilk was increased viscosity and handling difficulties increased. A high concentration of soymilk in tofu gave a high break stress and produced hard tofu. The four-element Burgers model fitted the creep behaviour and both viscous and elastic parameters could be acquired from model analysis, reflecting changes in elasticity and viscosity of tofu. The constant viscous parameter in the model increased with increasing soymilk concentration. The viscous parameters of viscoelastic materials like tofu gel, obtained from small deformation tests, seemed to correlate, to some extent, with the break stress obtained from large deformation tests. For hard tofu production increasing the soymilk concentration within a certain range and the partial replacement of calcium sulphate coagulant by GDL could be effective options.
  • Poritosh ROY, Naoto SHIMIZU, Toshinori KIMURA
    Journal of the Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery 67 1 61 - 67 The Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery and Food Engineers 2005年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    米の加工プロセスは, 農業分野において最も重要な領域の一つであり, 相当な量のエネルギを消費することから環境汚染の原因になっている。環境にやさしい米生産プロセスを見出すためにインド西ベンガル州における3つのパーボイリング方式 (ベッセル方式, 小規模ボイラ方式, 中規模ボイラ方式), 対照としてパーボイリングを施さない方についてライフ・サイクル・インベントリ分析を行った。インベントリ (エネルギ消費大気への排出物質および固体廃棄物) の結果では, 小規模ボイラ方式>ベッセル方式>中規模ボイラ方式>パーボイリングを施さない方式の順位で減少した。また, パーボイリングを施さない方式の場合には, 水系への排出物質はなく, パーボイリング方式と比較して環境への負荷が小さいが, ヘッドライス歩留 (搗精後の精米の整粒割合) が最も低かった。中規模ボイラ方式は, 他の2つのパーボイリング方式と比較して最も低いインベントリ (エネルギ消費, 大気への排出物質および固体廃棄物) 結果を示し, 環境にやさしいプロセスであることが分かった。米の炊飯プロセスで消費される一次エネルギをバイオマス利用によるものから電気 (IGCC技術によってバイオマスから発電されたものと仮定) に切り替えることで, 大気への排出物質 (CO2, CO, CH4, TSP, NOx, and SOx) が減少することが明らかになった。
  • Takashi Yanagida, Naoto Shimizu, Toshinori Kimura
    Japan Journal of Food Engineering 6 1 29 - 35 2005年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Banana leaf wax was quantified and assessed to determine the feasibility of its utilization as agricultural residue. Banana leaf wax was extracted using hexane reflux. Musa liukiuensis yielded 0. 58% wax, M. acuminata 1. 05%, and M. chiliocarpa 1. 41% (dry basis). The melting point of banana leaf wax was determined by differential scanning calorimetry, which indicated higher values than commercial natural waxes. Color evaluation revealed that M. acuminata leaf wax was whiter than commercial natural wax. The banana leaf wax had tolerance against organic solvent systems. Using thin-layer chromatography analysis, we identified the components of the M chiliocarpa leaf wax as being similar to those of carnauba wax. The M. chiliocarpa leaf wax was analyzed after saponification using gas chromatography. The predominant acid was C22, and the major alcohols were C28 and C30. The results demonstrated that the banana leaf wax is a potential source of natural wax for industrial material and is expected to be used extensively. © 2005, Japan Society for Food Engineering. All rights reserved.
  • Performance of the Traditional Parboiling Process
    Poritosh Roy, Naoto Shimizu, Toshinori Kimura
    Journal of the South Pacific Agriculture 9 1&2 28 - 37 2005年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • 柳田高志, 清水直人, 木村俊範
    日本食品工学会誌 6 1 79 - 87 2005年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Banana cultivation in tropical plantation generates a large amount of waste such as leaves and stems. The importance of an effective banana waste utilization has been increasingly recognized. In order to approach this issue, we focused on the banana leaf extract, which has not been studied. The objectives of this study were to collect information of banana leaf and to propose an effective extraction procedure. Lipid, basic, acidic, neutral and phenolic fractions were extracted from fresh and dry banana leaves. The lipid fraction had a high concentration of wax. The wax yield from fresh banana leaves in the fruits-harvesting stage was high (approximately 3% on a dry basis). There were antibacterial and antioxidative activities in the acidic and phenolic fractions of banana leaf extract. An effective extraction procedure was proposed as follows i) to extract wax from the fresh banana leaves, ii) to dry the leaf materials, iii) to extract functional components. © 2005, Japan Society for Food Engineering. All rights reserved.
  • MR Islam, N Shimizu, T Kimura
    JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 63 4 433 - 439 2004年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The effect of parboiling treatment on the energy requirement in parboiling was studied and also on some important quality indicators of parboiled rice. The relationship between the energy requirement and quality indicators was investigated to identify the suitable indicators that can be used to estimate the energy requirement in parboiling. The energy requirement in parboiling generally depends on the steaming temperature and time, and is mainly responsible for the quality of parboiled rice. Among the quality indicators (hardness, milling yield, lightness and color values), hardness and lightness values were identified as the suitable quality indicators to estimate the energy requirement in parboiling. The generated information can improve plant efficiency and economic viability. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
  • Poritosh Roy, Naoto Shimizu, Toshinori Kimura
    Food Science and Technology Research 10 3 254 - 260 2004年08月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Laboratory scale studies were conducted to determine temperature distribution in the traditional parboiling process using a rice cooker. A sample holder with a wire-mesh bottom was used to keep the sample from the hot water. The material temperature and the qualities of parboiled rice (hardness, color, lightness and head rice yield) were determined for different layers. The thickness of each layer was about 20 mm. The temperature distribution in this parboiling process (pre-steaming and steaming) was found to be uneven. The change of material temperature was faster for the first (bottom layer beneath which steam started to penetrate the paddy mass), next was the second (middle) and last was the third (top) layer. The greater the thickness of the material, the lower was the material temperature. The hardness and the head rice yield were found to be the highest for the first, with the second and third layers following in that order this might be affected by the material temperature. Difference in color intensity and lightness value was insignificant among the layers. The hardness, color intensity and lightness value were about 70 N, 24, and 57, respectively, corresponding to the maximum head rice yield (67%, first layer) which is considered to be the suitable quality of parboiled rice.
  • P Roy, N Shimizu, T Kimura
    FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 10 2 121 - 126 2004年05月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The cooking process was studied under soaking and no-soaking conditions with an automatic electric rice cooker to determine if the cooking energy can be conserved. The rice was cooked after 0, 30 and 60 min of soaking in different amounts of water (water-rice ratio: 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5) and the moisture content and hardness of cooked rice were measured. The hydration characteristic of rice was also measured at different soaking intervals (0, 30 and 60 min). The hydration increased with an increase in soaking time and was higher for parboiled rice than for the raw rice. The moisture content and the hardness of cooked rice were found to be 66 to 69% and 8 to 10 N (for a single kernel), respectively, which consumes 1.02 to 1.2 MJ/kg of energy under different soaking time before cooking and with a water-rice ratio of 2.5. The parboiled rice required a longer cooking time and consumed a greater amount of energy compared to the raw rice. The energy consumption was reduced with an increase in soaking time for all types of rice. This study reveals that for 66% MC of cooked rice, 60 min of presoaking helps to conserve about 6 to 11% and 4% of cooking energy in the case of parboiled and raw rice, respectively, which would be helpful in reducing environmental pollution.
  • 清水 直人
    農業機械學會誌 66 3 8 - 15 The Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery and Food Engineers 2004年05月01日
  • Yongqiang Cheng, Naoto Shimizu, Toshinori Kimura
    農業機械學會誌 66 3 98 - 104 The Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery and Food Engineers 2004年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    豆腐産業においてよく使われている凝固剤の一つである塩化マグネシウムにより凝固した豆腐のレオロジ特性と塩化マグネシウム濃度及びタンパク質濃度条件について検討した。7, 8%タンパク質濃度の場合に, 凝固剤添加量の増加により, 破断応力は上昇し, その後減少した。凝固剤量が30mMのときに, 6%, 7%タンパク質の豆腐の破断は延性破断であり, タンパク質濃度が8-9%に増加のときに, 脆性破断様式を示した。凝固剤とタンパク質の最適濃度は, 20mMで6-9%, 25mMで7-9%, 30mMで8-9%であることを見出し, 最適な塩化マグネシウムの濃度範囲が他の凝固剤と比べて非常に狭いことが分かった。二つのマクスウェル模型を含む四要素模型はグルコノーデルターラクトン (GDL), 硫酸カルシウム豆腐と同様に塩化マグネシウム豆腐の応力緩和曲線に合い, 豆乳濃度の増加に従って, 四要素模型のパラメータ, 特に粘性パラメータと応力緩和時間は増加することを見出した。凝固剤の違いが豆腐の味やレオロジ特性に影響することが知られており, 各種凝固剤の特性を活かした凝固剤の混合, そして豆乳濃度を増加させることにより, 絹ごし豆腐製造法で中国の市販豆腐に近い硬い豆腐を製造できることを示唆した。
  • N Shimizu, H Okadome, T Yanagisawa, H Andren, K Thente, T Kimura, K Ohtsubo
    FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 9 2 134 - 136 2003年05月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The performance of partial least squares (PLS) calibration models developed using NIR and visible transmittance were examined in order to improve the accuracy of the calibration model for amylose content. The regression coefficients in the PLS calibration model developed by a full-cross validation using the wavelength region from 570 to 1000 run (Model B) were smoother and the fluctuations of the coefficients were smaller than the model developed by a full-cross validation using the wavelength region from 850 to 1048 nm (Model A). Significant peaks in the regression coefficients of Model A were characterized by two absorption bands at 928 and 990 run, and those of Model B were characterized by four absorption bands at 607, 760, 928 and 990 run. The samples were separated into calibration sets and validation sets, and PLS calibration and validation were also performed. The statistics performance (standard error of performance (SEP), a coefficient of determination (R 2)) of the model developed using the wavelength region from 570 to 1000 nm (Model D), was better than those of the model developed using the wavelength region from 850 to 1048 nm (Model C). The SEP of 0.64% on model D examined here was smaller than that of 0.99% on Model C. Tberefore, the absorption bands at 607 and 760 nm play an important function in improving the performance of the PLS calibration model.
  • Poritosh Roy, Naoto Shimizu, Toshinori Kimura
    Journal of the Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery 65 5 133 - 141 The Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery and Food Engineers 2003年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    インド共和国 (西ベンガル地方) におけるローカルパーボイリング加工法 (ベッセル, 小規模ボイラ, 中規模ボイラ) の評価を行った。パーボイルドライス製造のための3手法のエネルギ消費量と, 得られたパーボイルドライス品質を測定した。パーボイリングプロセス施設の初期投資額についても算出した。製法の違いによってパーボイル玄米の硬度には違いが確認されなかった。パーボイル精白米表面の明度及び彩度は, 製法による差がなかった。小規模ボイラと中規模ボイラで製造されたパーボイルドライスの品質は, ベッセルで製造されたものと比べて消費者にとって受け入れられやすく, 市場価格が高いが, 初期投資額が大きい。小規模ボイラと中規模ボイラプロセスは, ベッセルプロセスと比べて労働環境条件が良かった。中規模ボイラプロセスは, 最もエネルギ消費量 (1,659MJ/t) が低かった。ローカルパーボイリングプロセスは中規模ボイラプロセスを適用させることによってパーボイルドライス製造のエネルギ消費量と市場価格が改善される。
  • Poritosh Roy, Naoto Shimizu, Shingo Furuichi, Toshinori Kimura
    Journal of the Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery 65 1 159 - 166 2003年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • イスラム ラビウル, 清水 直人, 古市 信吾, 木村 俊範
    Journal of the Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery 65 2 85 - 93 The Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery and Food Engineers 2003年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    小規模パーボイルドライス製造装置を試作し, 低い蒸煮温度条件 (80, 90, 100℃) や試料重量条件 (75, 120, 200, 400g) が炊飯特性に及ぼす影響を測定した。パーボイルドライスの炊飯特性試験における加熱吸水率, 溶出固形物量そして炊飯時間を調査した。炊飯特性試験における加熱吸水率の値が2.5に対応する時間をパーボイルドライス炊飯時間と定めた。蒸煮時間とともに加熱吸水率や溶出固形物量が減少し, パーボイリングプロセスにおける熱負荷によって炊飯時間が長くなった。この炊飯時間と示差走査熱量測定計 (differential scanning calorirnetry: DSC) による熱測定値 (ピーク温度) との間に良好な相関性を見出した。20から24minの炊飯時間が90℃-30minと100℃-10minの蒸煮温度一時間で製造されたパーボイルドライスで得られた。パーボイルドライスの溶出固形物量が本研究における手法に基づく炊飯時斤で6-7%になることを見出した。
  • MR Islam, N Shimizu, T Kimura
    FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 8 2 131 - 136 2002年05月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine the thermal properties of parboiled rice, and these properties, i.e. gelatinization parameters, namely, peak temperature (T-p) and residual gelatinization enthalpy (DeltaH) were evaluated. The T-p increased and DeltaH decreased with increase in the severity of heat treatment during the parboiling process. The physical property of color value correlated positively with the T-p and the degree of starch gelatinization correlated positively with the hardness of the parboiled rice. The T-p, which represents half the conversion temperature of the sample melting, is believed to be a suitable indicator to identify the severity of heat treatment in the parboiling process. The quantitative T-p values of 77.4 to 79.2degreesC corresponding to the processing conditions of 90degreesC-30 min and 100degreesC-15 min are viewed as an index for better quality of the rice. The thermal properties thus can be utilized to understand the cooking behavior of parboiled rice.
  • MR Islam, P Roy, N Shimizu, T Kimura
    FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 8 2 106 - 112 2002年05月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    A laboratory-scale parboffing setup was fabricated to produce parboiled rice at low steaming temperatures for determination of its physical properties, the quality indicators, and to compare those qualities with rice produced at higher temperatures. Parboiled rice was prepared under different steaming conditions using different sample sizes, both of which affected the rice temperature and quality. A sample size of 200 g, which maintained a 10 mm thick layer of rough rice, was found adequate for favorable quality. Better quality of parboiled rice was achieved at lower steaming temperatures (80-100degreesC) than that at higher temperatures (110 and 120degreesC). The temperature-time combinations of 80degreesC-40 min, 90degreesC-30 min and 100degreesC-20 min were recommended steaming conditions. Parboiled rice produced under these conditions has adequate lightness and color intensity, 4.0 to 7.5% more milling yield having 55 to 80 N hardness values compared with an untreated sample. It is believed the proposed parboiling method would be seen as important by both household and commercial parboiling plants in their production of a good quality product.
  • H Okadome, H Toyoshima, N Shimizu, T Akinaga, K Ohtsubo
    JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 67 2 702 - 707 2002年03月 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Chemometric formulas for predicting amylose content (AC) and protein content (PC) were developed based on the surface and overall physical properties of single-cooked milled rice grains as predictive variables. The formula with 8 predictors for AC determination exhibited the highest accuracy (coefficient of determination: R-2 = 0.952, standard error of calibration: SEC = 1.77) for calibration and the lowest standard error of prediction (SEP = 2.07) for unknown samples (AC: 0 to 30%). The formula with 7 predictors was effective in enhancing the prediction accuracy (SEP = 1.32) among non-waxy samples in a narrow range of AC (15 to 20%). The formula with 8 predictors for PC determination showed a higher accuracy (R-2 = 0.449 and 0.470) for both calibration and prediction than that of a conventional 3-grain method (R-2 = 0.168 and 0.124). It was possible to accurately determine AC using physical measurement of single grains instead of chemical analysis.
  • Yongqiang Cheng, Naoto Shimizu, Toshinori Kimura
    農業機械學會誌 64 6 137 - 144 The Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery and Food Engineers 2002年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    豆腐のテクスチャを評価するたあに, 応力-ひずみおよび応力緩和試験を行った。異なる豆乳濃度および凝固剤 (グルコノデルタラクトン (GDL) と硫酸カルシウム) で実験室において豆腐を製造した。同じ豆乳濃度の場合, GDLで凝固した豆腐の破断応力は硫酸カルシウムのより高かった。二つのマクスウェル模型を含む4-要素模型は応力緩和曲線に合うことが分かった。豆乳濃度の増加に従って, 四要素模型の弾性パラメータが顕著に変わらなかったの対して, 粘性パラメータが増加した。豆腐の粘弾性挙動は豆乳の増加に伴う豆腐構造の増強を示した。弾性より粘性パラメータが豆腐の応力-ひずみ挙動に大いに寄与したと思われる。これらの結果は豆腐テクスチャ評価に粘弾性評価方法が有効であることを示した。この方法を用いて, 中国の市販豆腐のテクスチャ評価を試みた。中国市場において非常に硬い豆腐が流通していることが分かり, 硫酸カルシウムを凝固剤とする場合, 絹ごし豆腐の製造方法で中国の市販豆腐に近いテクスチャの豆腐を製造できることを示した。
  • 石田頼子, 井原 望, 齋藤由香, 清水直人, 木村俊範
    農業機械学会誌 64 3 121 - 125 2002年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • 木 村 俊範, 井 原 望, 石 田頼 子, 斎 藤 由 香, 清 水 直 人
    日本食品科学工学会誌 49 9 598 - 604 2002年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    We investigated primary biodegradability of Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) using PLA hydrolysis tests under various composting temperatures and pHs. Under the pH range used in this study, higher test temperatures accelerated primary biodegradation by hydrolysis, and there was a marked reduction in molecular weight. However, in the range of pH 6.0similar to8.0 there was little effect of pH on both molecular weight reduction and weight reduction. Under more alkaline conditions, i.e., at pH 9.0, a marked reduction in molecular weight and weight loss were observed. Examination of test sample cross sections showed that PLA hydrolysis started front their outer surface. From these findings, we conclude that dynamic temperatures and pH changes in the composting process promote primary biodegradation of PLA, enabling complete biodegradation. This demonstrates the concept that composting is a useful method for degradation.
  • N Shimizu, K Sandra, F Barton, M Fujita, N Ishikawa, S Oda, T Kimura, K Ohtsubo
    日本食品科学工学会誌 49 9 620 - 623 2002年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    Whole-grain milled barley (n = 56) was scanned using a near-infrared transmittance spectroscopy (NIT) (850-1048 nm) and total dietary fiber (TDF) was determined fur each cultivar by AOAC enzymatic-gravimetric method (Method 991.43). The validation statistics of PLS models using calibration (n=28) and validation (n=28) sets were the standard error of performance (SEP) of 0.89similar to1.03, the coefficient of determination (R-2) of 0.83similar to0.88, Bias of -0.25similar to0.17 and the ratio of the SEP to the standard deviation of the original data (RPD) of 2.5similar to2.9. This method could be applied to rough screening in barley breeding programs.
  • Rabiul Islam, Naoto Shimizu, Toshinori Kimura
    Food Science and Technology Research 7 1 57 - 63 2001年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    This study was undertaken to generate useful information regarding the change of quality of parboiled rice for different processing conditions through the change of physical properties and to search for correlation among the quality indicators. Physical properties, namely, maximum viscosity, hardness of brown rice, hardness and adhesion of cooked rice, volume expansion ratio and solid content were investigated. A first order kinetic model predicted well the effect of processing conditions on the maximum viscosity and hardness of brown rice, indicating the quality index and rate of change of quality with their respective final and reaction rate constant values. The effect of steaming period was found to be greater on the quality indicators of cooked rice, such as adhesion, volume expansion ratio and solid content. Good linear correlation of gelatinization property with the cooking quality and Theological property of parboiled rice was achieved. The positive correlation between adhesion and solid content is assumed to be responsible for producing a less sticky product.
  • Naoto Shimizu, Takashi Yanagisawa, Hiroshi Okadome, Hidechika Toyoshima, Henrik Andren, Toshinori Kimura, Ken'ichi Ohtsubo
    Food Science and Technology Research 7 2 104 - 109 2001年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The objective of this study was to develop a partial least squares regression (PLS) calibration method of maximum viscosity determination of Japanese milled rice flours using near-infrared transmittance (NIT) spectroscopy. The diversity of spectra and maximum viscosity of wide ranging of rice subfamilies were much more than those of japonica type rices. The variations of spectra and maximum viscosity were found to influence PLS loading weights. C-H and O-H in ROH and H2O absorbances presented by the loading weights were significant in the 8th loading of the PLS model for japonica type rices. The performance of this PLS calibration model (11 components) for maximum viscosity of a rapid visco analyser (RVA) was the standard error of prediction (SEP) of 17.7, square of regression coefficient (R2) of 0.75 and the ratio of the SEP to the standard deviation of the original data (RPD) of 1.9. This method can be applied to the determination of maximum viscosity of japonica type rices.
  • OlangoN.K.Ojijo, 木村 俊範, 清水 直人
    The Journal of the Society of Agricultural Stuctures, Japan 30 4 383 - 394 農業施設学会 2000年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • O. N. K, Ojijo, Toshinori Kimura, Naoto Shimizu, Hiroshi Koaze
    The Journal of the Society of Agricultural Structures 30 4 353 - 364 2000年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • 清水 直人, 木村 俊範, オジジョ O. N. K
    農業機械学会誌 62 2 94 - 100 The Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery and Food Engineers 2000年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    湯取り炊飯法を用い, 炊飯過程の米のねばりに係わる測定を行い, 米飯の粘着力に関与する理化学的要因を明らかにすることを目的とした。糊化定数と溶出固形物量の増加速度の順序が対応することが分かり, 糊化度や溶出固形物量が米飯の粘着力に影響を及ぼすものと考えられた。炊飯過程における米のねばりが粘着力, 溶出固形物量や糊化度を用いて測定できることを示した。
  • Analysis of Practical Calibration Models Characteristics for Rice Quality Evaluation Using Near-infrared Spectroscopy
    Naoto Shimizu, Toshinori Kimura, Takashi Yanagisawa, Henrik Andren, Hiroshi Okadome, Hidechika Toyoshima, Ken'ichi Ohtsubo
    2000 ASAE Annual Intenational Meeting, Technical Papers: Engineering Solutions for a New Century 2 1303 - 1311 2000年 
    The objectives of the present study were to clarify the characteristics of latent variables in partial least squares (PLS) for the development of accurate calibration by the NIT technique. There was a difference observed between the shape of loading weights spectrum of a single year and those of double year sample. The variation in β-coefficient spectrum was found to decrease with an increase in the number of calibration samples. The performance of the present study calibration model (7 components) was SEP of 0.91, R2 of 0.72 and RPD of 1.72. The narrow range of apparent amylose content (AAC) in japonica type rices can be determined by present an NIT coupled with the PLS model, which has an accuracy range within about 1.0%. This availability would lead to a practical method for the evaluation of eating quality of rice by NIT the technique.
  • Naoto Shimizu, Jyunji Katsura, Takashi Yanagisawa, Shigeru Inoue, Robin P. Withey, Ian A. Cowe, Colin G. Eddison, Anthony B. Blakeney, Toshinori Kimura, Shigeru Yoshizaki, Hiroshi Okadome, Hidechika Toyoshima, Ken'ichi Ohtsubo
    Food Science and Technology Research 5 4 337 - 342 1999年 [査読有り][通常論文]
     
    The objective of the present study was to develop a method to analyze apparent amylose content (AAC) of Japanese milled rices using near-infrared transmittance spectroscopy (NIT). Samples (n=110, varieties=37), harvested in 1996, were collected at various sites throughout Japan. Whole-grain milled rice was scanned using a near-infrared range (833-1050 nm with 8 nm steps and 27 wavelengths) transmittance filter type spectrometer. The AACs of samples were in the range of 13.1% to 20.7% (SD: 1.53). The wide range AAC (0-35.3%) partial least squares (PLS) model was found to be inadequate for accurate prediction of the narrow AAC range (13.2-20.7%) of the rice samples. The statistical performance of PLS modeling (11 factors) for narrow range AAC analyses gave a standard error of cross-validation (SECv) of 0.78 and square of regression coefficient (R2) of 0.74. The AAC model was applied to 20 unknown samples of products from different crop year (1997), and gave a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 1.25, R2 of 0.49 on the validation set. These results suggested that this model based on NIT spectroscopy could be applied for rapid and nondestructive measurement of narrow range AAC of Japanese milled rices.
  • 清水直人, 木村俊範, 大坪研一, 前川孝昭, 吉崎 繁
    農業施設 28 1 31 - 38 1997年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • 清水直人,木村俊範,大坪研一,豊島英親
    農業機械学会誌 59 6 75 - 82 1997年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • 木村俊範, 清水直人, 吉崎繁, 種谷真一
    農業施設 27 1 3 - 10 1996年 [査読有り][通常論文]
  • Toshinori Kimura, Naoto Shimizu, Tooru Shimobara, Jiro Warashina
    The Journal of the Society of Agricultural Structures, Japan 25 4 175 - 182 1995年 [査読有り][通常論文]

MISC

書籍等出版物

  • CHARACTERIZATION OF FRUCTANS BY SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY: A REVIEW, In book: Agricultural Research Updates.
    Naoto SHIMIZU, Andrés ABEA (担当:共著)
    Nova Science Publishers, Inc. 2020年02月
  • Structure of Fine Starch Prepared Via a Compressed Hot Water Process, In book: Frontiers in Natural Product Chemistry
    Naoto Shimizu, Tetsuya Ushiyama (担当:共著)
    Bentham Science Publishers: Vol. 6 2020年
  • Process Optimization of Composting Systems, In book: Robotics and Mechatronics for Agriculture
    (担当:単著)
    CRC Press 2017年11月
  • 米澱粉のナノスケール加工技術の開発と機能性マイクロカプセル化の検討
    (担当:単著)
    化学工学会 バイオ部会 Newsletter No. 44 2017年02月
  • 農業・食料由来残さからのエネルギー回収
    (担当:単著範囲:87-93)
    食品と容器 2017年02月
  • 微粉砕穀物の特性と利用
    シーエムシー出版 2013年10月
  • Micro- and Nanotechnology for food processing
    Resource 2009年
  • 微粉砕穀類の品質と利用特性
    シーエムシー出版 2009年
  • Micro- and Nanotechnology for food processing
    Resource 2009年
  • 食品リサイクル
    ２００８年版 農産物流通技術年報 2008年
  • Food recycle
    2008 Nousanbutsuryutsugijyutunenpo 2008年
  • 食品加工副産物等からの有用成分抽出技術
    食品と技術 2007年
  • 米，豆類，オカラの発酵による新食品素材の開発
    日本醸造協会誌 2005年
  • New Food Materials by Fermentation of Indica Type Rice, Pulse and Tofu-byproduct -Production of dosa, okara dosa
    NIPPON JOZOKYOKAI SHI 2005年
  • 農産加工残さの処理・利用技術の現状と課題
    農業機械学会誌 2004年
  • Rice Mill Byproduct Utilization Technology
    KOKKEN, PRPC, In "RICE POSTPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY"A Technical Reference Guide 2003年
  • 食品産業における環境問題
    木村俊範編著：食品のゼロエミッション，幸書房 2003年
  • 米の形態・組織，米の食味評価法，米の炊飯特性試験（分担執筆）
    熱帯農業事典編集委員会編：熱帯農業事典，養堅堂 2003年
  • Rice Mill Byproduct Utilization Technology
    KOKKEN, PRPC, In "RICE POSTPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY" A Technical Reference Guide 2003年
  • 食料生産系物質循環システムと未利用資源利用技術(共著)
    食品産業環境保全研究組合編 恒星社厚生閣 1999年

講演・口頭発表等

所属学協会

  • 農業施設学会   日本応用糖質科学会   農業食料工学会   化学工学会   日本食品工学会   日本食品科学工学会   The American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers   日本生物環境工学会   

共同研究・競争的資金等の研究課題

  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業
    研究期間 : 2021年04月 -2024年03月 
    代表者 : 清水 直人
     
    本研究では，糖質高分子を用いる機能性ナノ粒子のマイクロカプセル化システムの確立をめざして，申請者が開発を進めてきた加圧熱水反応場を活用するナノメートルスケールの微粒子調製技術を用いて試料を作成する。この研究によりナノメートルスケールの微粒子における糖質高分子鎖や階層構造が多様な動的・静的性質の変化に及ぼす影響を解き明かすために２つの課題を進めた。 糖質高分子の分岐―線状トポロジ（一次構造）と物性解析法の構築について，ナノメートルまで微細化された粒子は，マイクロメートルの微細化粒子と異なる挙動を示すことが予備実験にて確認されており，分子量と固有粘度の関係を調べた。糯米由来澱粉と超純水を供試し，希薄溶液（濃度0.1 % （w/w））を調製する。澱粉ナノ粒子分散系の調製方法に従って，熱水場による所定の微細化プロセスにより5 水準の澱粉ナノ粒子分散系を調製した。調製試料について，サイズ排除クロマトグラフィ（SEC-LS）を用いて回転半径（Rg），分子量，分子形状について分析を行い，固有粘度との関係を求めた。さらに，STEMによる電子線トモグラフィを用いるナノ微粒子のメゾスケール構造観察に着手し，澱粉ナノ粒子の調製条件，及び試料前処理について検討を行い，電子線トモグラフィ画像を積層させてソフトウエアにより立体画像を構成した。 玉ねぎ外皮からのケルセチン等ナノろ過による抽出・濃縮の検討について，熱水場を用いて玉ねぎ外皮から成分を抽出し，その溶液から定量ろ紙を用いて玉ねぎ外皮浮遊物を取り除いた。さらに，遠心分離機を行い，上澄み液を得て，これを0.45 μmのニトロセルロースフィルタに通してナノろ過装置への供給溶液を調製した。機能性成分のナノろ過を検討した結果，透過液においては，ケルセチン以外の物質を除去させることができ，ケルセチン純度を高められることが明らかになった。
  • 加圧熱水による多糖類のナノ分散系の調製
    研究期間 : 2011年05月 -2014年03月
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業
    研究期間 : 2011年 -2013年 
    代表者 : 清水 直人, 木村 俊範
     
    本研究では，耐圧容器と加熱装置を用いてつくられる熱水の反応場で米澱粉のナノスケール微細化を進め，難分解性のモチ米澱粉を分解し，平均粒子径105.4 nmの澱粉ナノ粒子を調製することが可能であることを示した。亜臨界水のイオン積によって，加圧熱水の反応場の特性を評価できることが明らかになり，さらにイヌリン加水分解を試みた，本研究の目的である加圧熱水を用いた澱粉・多糖類のナノ粒子分散系調製技術についての新しい知見を得ることができた。これらの熱水ナノスケール微細化や反応場の評価法は，ナノ粒子調製リアクタの熱水の反応場制御に利用できると考えられる。
  • 穀類のマイクロ/ナノスケール加工
    研究期間 : 2007年 -2011年
  • 日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業
    研究期間 : 2007年 -2008年 
    代表者 : 木村 俊範, 上野 孝, 清水直人
     
    貝殻などの生物由来無機物質をも含むバイオマス・ニッポン総合戦略のバイオマス定義に基づく各種バイオマス資源、製品中のバイオマス含有量(バイオマス度)を高精度に計測するため、前処理、及び計測プロトコールを開発した。これに基づき、バイオマスマーク取得製品やバイオ燃料など、さらに誤差要因として影響の大きいと思われた木材、海生バイオマスを測定した。 それらの結果、上記、木材、海生バイオマスを除き、極めて高精度にバイオマス度を計算でき、高精度測定法として類似測定法の基準とできるものと判断された。一方、着色の強いバイオ燃料、及び木材、海生バイオマス由来のものについては、栽培年代、採取地域、深度などの影響を受けることが再確認された。

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