Researcher basic information

• Master of Agricultural Science, Nagoya University, Mar. 2014
• Doctor of Agricultural Science, Nagoya University, Mar. 2017

• https://researchmap.jp/AkiAdachi?lang=en

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7184-744X
• https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=202101001274421479

• 60909513

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7184-744X

• 202101001274421479

• Transcription factor
• Signaling pathway
• NLR
• Immune receptor
• Plant immunity

• Environmental Science/Agriculture Science, Plant protection science, Plant immunity

• Bachelor's degree program, School of Science
• Master's degree program, Graduate School of Life Science
• Doctoral (PhD) degree program, Graduate School of Life Science

Research activity information

• Mar. 2026, 日本植物病理学会, 学術奨励賞
  NLR型受容体による過敏感細胞死誘導の分子機構に関する研究
• Aug. 2018, 日本植物病理学会, 平成30年度植物感染生理談話会 優秀発表賞
• Jul. 2016, International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interaction, 2016 IS-MPMI Congress: Shimamoto Travel Award
• Oct. 2015, The 11th Japan-US Seminar, Travel Award
• Aug. 2014, 日本植物病理学会, 平成26年度植物感染生理談話会 優秀発表賞
• Jun. 2014, 日本植物病理学会, 第8回(平成26年度)日本植物病理学会学生優秀発表賞
• Aug. 2013, 日本植物病理学会, 平成25年度植物感染生理談話会 優秀発表賞

• Studies on the molecular mechanism of hypersensitive cell death induced by NLR immune receptors
  Hiroaki Adachi
  Journal of General Plant Pathology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 05 Sep. 2026, [Peer-reviewed], [Lead author, Last author, Corresponding author], [International Magazine]
  Scientific journal
• Contrasting evolutionary patterns of helper and sensor NRC NLRs in lettuce reflect functional divergence following subfunctionalization.
  Hsuan Pai; Toshiyuki Sakai; Andres Posbeyikian; Raoul Frijters; Yu Sugihara; Mauricio P Contreras; Jiorgos Kourelis; Hiroaki Adachi; Sophien Kamoun; AmirAli Toghani
  PLoS genetics, 22, 7, e1012245, Jul. 2026, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal, Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat immune receptors (NLRs) are known for their rapid evolution, even at the intraspecific level, yet the rates of evolution differ significantly across NLRs. However, the degree to which evolutionary patterns reflect functional divergence remains poorly understood, notably in important crop species. Within the NRC (NLR Required for Cell Death) network in Asterids, sensor NLRs detect pathogen presence but require NRC helpers for signaling and to confer immunity. We conducted a comparative analysis of NLRs across 40 Solanales and 29 Asterales genomes to explore NRC network expansion and diversification within the less-studied Asterales order. Our findings reveal that the NRC network has expanded less in Asterales compared to Solanales. We functionally validated an Asterales NRC network with 2 helpers and 9 sensors in common lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Through selection analysis and structural modeling of NRC gene family in the Lactuca genus, we found distinct evolutionary trajectories between NRC helpers and sensors. Sensors reliant on the phylogenetically conserved helper NRC0 experience limited diversification, whereas sensors dependent on other NRC helpers show higher rates of positive selection and gene duplication. Our results highlight the lineage- and function-specific evolution of the NRC network, offering insights into the evolutionary pressures shaping plant immune receptor networks.
• Whole-genome sequencing reveals a possible molecular basis of sex determination in the dioecious wild yam Dioscorea tokoro.
  Aoi Kudoh; Satoshi Natsume; Yu Sugihara; Hiroaki Kato; Akira Abe; Kaori Oikawa; Motoki Shimizu; Kazue Itoh; Mai Tsujimura; Yoshitaka Takano; Toshiyuki Sakai; Hiroaki Adachi; Atsushi Ohta; Mina Ohtsu; Takuma Ishizaki; Toru Terachi; Hideki Innan; Ryohei Terauchi
  PLoS genetics, 22, 4, e1012123, 20 Apr. 2026, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal, Dioecious plants, which have distinct male and female individuals, constitute ~5% of angiosperm species and have emerged frequently and independently from hermaphroditic ancestors. Although recent molecular studies of sex determination have started to reveal the diversity of the genetic systems underlying dioecy, research on the evolution of dioecy is limited, especially in monocots. Here, we explore the molecular basis of sex determination in the monocot Dioscorea tokoro, a dioecious wild yam endemic to East Asia. Chromosome-scale and haplotype-resolved genome assemblies and linkage analysis suggested that this plant has a male heterogametic sex-determination (XY) system, with sex-determination regions located on chromosome 3. Sequence comparison between the X- and Y-chromosomes and read coverage analysis revealed X- and Y-specific regions in putative pericentromeric chromosome regions. Within the Y-specific region, we propose two candidate genes that are likely involved in sex determination: BLH9, encoding a homeobox protein, and HSP90, encoding a molecular chaperone. BLH9 functions in a similar way as AtBLH9 in Arabidopsis thaliana. BLH9 could be involved in suppression of female organ development, whereas HSP90 might be required for pollen development. These results shed light on the complex evolution of dioecy in plants.
• Calcium‐dependent protein kinases participate in RBOH ‐mediated sustained ROS burst during plant immune cell death
  Yuta Hino; Miki Yoshioka; Hiroaki Adachi; Hirofumi Yoshioka
  New Phytologist, Wiley, 26 Mar. 2026, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
  Scientific journal, Summary
  
  Plant immune responses comprise two phases, pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI) and effector‐triggered immunity (ETI). Sensing of the pathogen effector by a nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat receptor (NLR) induces robust and sustained immune responses, resulting in hypersensitive response (HR) cell death. During HR, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst is achieved through Nicotiana benthamiana NbRBOHB. However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms of the ROS burst during HR are unclear.
  
  Here, we show that calcium‐dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) contribute to the ROS burst associated with ongoing cell death using luminol‐based ROS assay together with immunodetection of the phosphorylated NbRBOHB in N. benthamiana . We found that NbCDPK4 and NbCDPK5 directly phosphorylate NbRBOHB Ser‐123 and provoke ROS bursts.
  
  The phosphorylation of the Ser‐123 was strongly increased during AVRblb2‐ETI and INF1‐triggered PTI–ETI responses. On the contrary, the Ser‐123 was not phosphorylated during flg22‐triggered PTI. Moreover, the transient expression of NRC4 ^D478V , an autoactive helper NLR, indicated that phosphorylation of Ser‐123 was induced in a manner dependent on the N‐terminal conserved motif required for Ca ²⁺ channel activity of the NRC4.
  
  These findings demonstrate a pivotal role for NbCDPKs in activating RBOH and sustained robust ROS bursts during plant immune cell death.
• Controlled Activation of NLR-Mediated Immunity in Roots Using a Copper-Inducible Expression System.
  Hiroshi Yoshida; Kodai Honda; Saki Matsuoka; Hiroaki Adachi; Mina Ohtsu
  Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI, 01 Mar. 2026, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal, Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) function in both shoots and roots as key components of plant immunity, yet their biological roles in roots remain poorly understood. Here, we established a copper-inducible gene expression system for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) hairy roots that enables precise, on-demand activation of immune signaling in the root tissue. The system integrates the copper-binding transcription factor CUP2, the CUP2-dependent chimeric CBS4-miniDFR promoter (CBS, Copper Binding Site; DFR, dihydroflavonol-4-reductase) driving the target gene, and a fluorescent marker for root identification, together within a single transferred DNA (T-DNA) construct. This all-in-one vector system provided easy isolation of transgenic root cells and clear on-off control of immune activation with minimal basal expression. Using this platform, we induced autoactive NLR variants NRC4DV-EGFP and Gpa2NB-EGFP, which triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and hypersensitive cell death in roots. Confocal imaging further revealed distinct subcellular dynamics of active and inactive NLRs in root cells upon induction, consistent with those in leaf cells. This system provides a robust and versatile tool for investigating root immune signaling and NLR dynamics under controlled conditions.
• Blue Native-PAGE Assay of NLR Protein Complexes Combined with Genetic Complementation in Nicotiana benthamiana.
  Kodai Honda; Tadashi Fujiwara; Hiroaki Adachi
  Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 3012, 129, 141, 06 Feb. 2026, [Last author, Corresponding author], [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal, BN-PAGE (Blue Native-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) is a non-denaturing electrophoretic technique used to analyze the molecular weight and oligomeric states of protein complexes under near-native conditions. NLRs (nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins), which function as intracellular immune receptors in plants, form oligomeric higher-order complexes known as resistosomes upon activation by recognition of pathogen effectors-a mechanism elucidated through BN-PAGE and structural analyses. Here, we describe a method combining BN-PAGE with Agrobacterium-mediated complementation assay to investigate the resistosome formation of the NLR protein ZAR1 in Nicotiana benthamiana.
• A root-specific NLR network mediates immune signaling of resistance genes against plant parasitic nematodes.
  Daniel Lüdke; Toshiyuki Sakai; Jiorgos Kourelis; AmirAli Toghani; Hiroaki Adachi; Andrés Posbeyikian; Raoul Frijters; Hsuan Pai; Adeline Harant; Juan Carlos Lopez-Agudelo; Bozeng Tang; Karin Ernst; Martin Ganal; Adriaan Verhage; Chih-Hang Wu; Sophien Kamoun
  The Plant cell, 37, 7, 01 Jul. 2025, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal, Plant nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat immune receptors (NLRs) confer disease resistance to many foliar and root parasites. However, the extent to which NLR-mediated immunity is differentially regulated between plant organs is poorly known. Here, we show that a large cluster of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genes, encoding the cyst and root-knot nematode disease resistance proteins Hero and MeR1 as well as the NLR helper NLR required for cell death 6 (NRC6), is nearly exclusively expressed in the roots. This root-specific gene cluster emerged in Solanum species about 21 million years ago through gene duplication of the ancient asterid NRC network. NLR sensors in this gene cluster function exclusively through NRC6 helpers to trigger hypersensitive cell death. These findings indicate that the NRC6 gene cluster has sub-functionalized from the larger NRC network to specialize in mediating resistance against root pathogens, including cyst and root-knot nematodes. We propose that some NLR gene clusters and networks may have evolved organ-specific gene expression as an adaptation to particular parasites and to reduce the risk of autoimmunity.
• Phylogenomics of Plant NLR Immune Receptors to Identify Functionally Conserved Sequence Motifs
  Toshiyuki Sakai; AmirAli Toghani; Hiroaki Adachi
  BIO-PROTOCOL, 14, 1348, Bio-Protocol, LLC, 05 Jul. 2024, [Peer-reviewed], [Invited], [Last author, Corresponding author], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
  Scientific journal
• The NRC0 gene cluster of sensor and helper NLR immune receptors is functionally conserved across asterid plants.
  Toshiyuki Sakai; Mauricio P Contreras; Claudia Martinez-Anaya; Daniel Lüdke; Sophien Kamoun; Chih-Hang Wu; Hiroaki Adachi
  The Plant cell, 36, 9, 3344, 3361, Oxford University Press (OUP), 04 Jun. 2024, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author, Corresponding author], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal, Abstract
  
  Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor (NLR) proteins can form complex receptor networks to confer innate immunity. An NLR-REQUIRED FOR CELL DEATH (NRC) is a phylogenetically related node that functions downstream of a massively expanded network of disease resistance proteins that protect against multiple plant pathogens. In this study, we used phylogenomic methods to reconstruct the macroevolution of the NRC family. One of the NRCs, termed NRC0, is the only family member shared across asterid plants, leading us to investigate its evolutionary history and genetic organization. In several asterid species, NRC0 is genetically clustered with other NLRs that are phylogenetically related to NRC-dependent disease resistance genes. This prompted us to hypothesize that the ancestral state of the NRC network is an NLR helper–sensor gene cluster that was present early during asterid evolution. We provide support for this hypothesis by demonstrating that NRC0 is essential for the hypersensitive cell death that is induced by its genetically linked sensor NLR partners in 4 divergent asterid species: tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), wild sweet potato (Ipomoea trifida), coffee (Coffea canephora), and carrot (Daucus carota). In addition, activation of a sensor NLR leads to higher-order complex formation of its genetically linked NRC0, similar to other NRCs. Our findings map out contrasting evolutionary dynamics in the macroevolution of the NRC network over the last 125 million years, from a functionally conserved NLR gene cluster to a massive genetically dispersed network.
• The nucleotide‐binding domain of NRC‐dependent disease resistance proteins is sufficient to activate downstream helper NLR oligomerization and immune signaling
  Mauricio P. Contreras; Hsuan Pai; Rebecca Thompson; Clemence Marchal; Jules Claeys; Hiroaki Adachi; Sophien Kamoun
  New Phytologist, Wiley, 17 May 2024, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
  Scientific journal, Summary
  
  Nucleotide‐binding domain and leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) proteins with pathogen sensor activities have evolved to initiate immune signaling by activating helper NLRs. However, the mechanisms underpinning helper NLR activation by sensor NLRs remain poorly understood. Although coiled coil (CC) type sensor NLRs such as the Potato virus X disease resistance protein Rx have been shown to activate the oligomerization of their downstream helpers NRC2, NRC3 and NRC4, the domains involved in sensor–helper signaling are not known.
  
  Here, we used Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana to show that the nucleotide‐binding (NB) domain within the NB‐ARC of Rx is necessary and sufficient for oligomerization and immune signaling of downstream helper NLRs. In addition, the NB domains of the disease resistance proteins Gpa2 (cyst nematode resistance), Rpi‐amr1, Rpi‐amr3 (oomycete resistance) and Sw‐5b (virus resistance) are also sufficient to activate their respective downstream NRC helpers.
  
  Using transient expression in the lettuce (Lactuca sativa), we show that Rx (both as full length or as NB domain truncation) and its helper NRC2 form a minimal functional unit that can be transferred from solanaceous plants (lamiids) to Campanulid species.
  
  Our results challenge the prevailing paradigm that NLR proteins exclusively signal via their N‐terminal domains and reveal a signaling activity for the NB domain of NRC‐dependent sensor NLRs. We propose a model in which helper NLRs can perceive the status of the NB domain of their upstream sensors.
• Jurassic NLR: Conserved and dynamic evolutionary features of the atypically ancient immune receptor ZAR1
  Hiroaki Adachi; Toshiyuki Sakai; Jiorgos Kourelis; Hsuan Pai; Jose L Gonzalez Hernandez; Yoshinori Utsumi; Motoaki Seki; Abbas Maqbool; Sophien Kamoun
  The Plant Cell, Oxford University Press (OUP), 19 Jul. 2023, [Peer-reviewed], [Lead author], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
  Scientific journal, Abstract
  
  Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors generally exhibit hallmarks of rapid evolution, even at the intraspecific level. We used iterative sequence similarity searches coupled with phylogenetic analyses to reconstruct the evolutionary history of HOPZ-ACTIVATED RESISTANCE1 (ZAR1), an atypically conserved NLR that traces its origin to early flowering plant lineages ∼220 to 150 million yrs ago (Jurassic period). We discovered 120 ZAR1 orthologs in 88 species, including the monocot Colocasia esculenta, the magnoliid Cinnamomum micranthum, and most eudicots, notably the Ranunculales species Aquilegia coerulea, which is outside the core eudicots. Ortholog sequence analyses revealed highly conserved features of ZAR1, including regions for pathogen effector recognition and cell death activation. We functionally reconstructed the cell death activity of ZAR1 and its partner receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) from distantly related plant species, experimentally validating the hypothesis that ZAR1 evolved to partner with RLCKs early in its evolution. In addition, ZAR1 acquired novel molecular features. In cassava (Manihot esculenta) and cotton (Gossypium spp.), ZAR1 carries a C-terminal thioredoxin-like domain, and in several taxa, ZAR1 duplicated into 2 paralog families, which underwent distinct evolutionary paths. ZAR1 stands out among angiosperm NLR genes for having experienced relatively limited duplication and expansion throughout its deep evolutionary history. Nonetheless, ZAR1 also gave rise to noncanonical NLRs with integrated domains and degenerated molecular features.
• Dynamics of plant immune MAPK activity and ROS signaling in response to invaders
  Hirofumi Yoshioka; Yuta Hino; Keiichiro Iwata; Takaya Ogawa; Miki Yoshioka; Nobuaki Ishihama; Hiroaki Adachi
  Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 125, 102000, 102000, Elsevier BV, May 2023, [Invited], [International Magazine]
  Scientific journal
• An atypical NLR protein modulates the NRC immune receptor network in Nicotiana benthamiana
  Hiroaki Adachi; Toshiyuki Sakai; Adeline Harant; Hsuan Pai; Kodai Honda; AmirAli Toghani; Jules Claeys; Cian Duggan; Tolga O. Bozkurt; Chih-hang Wu; Sophien Kamoun
  PLOS Genetics, 19, 1, e1010500, e1010500, Public Library of Science (PLoS), 19 Jan. 2023, [Peer-reviewed], [Lead author, Corresponding author], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
  Scientific journal, The NRC immune receptor network has evolved in asterid plants from a pair of linked genes into a genetically dispersed and phylogenetically structured network of sensor and helper NLR (nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing) proteins. In some species, such as the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana and other Solanaceae, the NRC (NLR-REQUIRED FOR CELL DEATH) network forms up to half of the NLRome, and NRCs are scattered throughout the genome in gene clusters of varying complexities. Here, we describe NRCX, an atypical member of the NRC family that lacks canonical features of these NLR helper proteins, such as a functional N-terminal MADA motif and the capacity to trigger autoimmunity. In contrast to other NRCs, systemic gene silencing of NRCX in N. benthamiana markedly impairs plant growth resulting in a dwarf phenotype. Remarkably, dwarfism of NRCX silenced plants is partially dependent on NRCX paralogs NRC2 and NRC3, but not NRC4. Despite its negative impact on plant growth when silenced systemically, spot gene silencing of NRCX in mature N. benthamiana leaves doesn’t result in visible cell death phenotypes. However, alteration of NRCX expression modulates the hypersensitive response mediated by NRC2 and NRC3 in a manner consistent with a negative role for NRCX in the NRC network. We conclude that NRCX is an atypical member of the NRC network that has evolved to contribute to the homeostasis of this genetically unlinked NLR network.
• Activation and Regulation of NLR Immune Receptor Networks
  Jiorgos Kourelis; Hiroaki Adachi
  Plant and Cell Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), 31 Oct. 2022, [Peer-reviewed], [Invited], [Corresponding author], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal, ABSTRACT
  
  Plants have many types of immune receptors that recognize diverse pathogen molecules and activate the innate immune system. The intracellular immune receptor family of nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat–containing proteins (NLRs) perceive translocated pathogen effector proteins and execute a robust immune response, including programmed cell death. Many plant NLRs have functionally specialized to sense pathogen effectors (sensor NLRs) or to execute immune signalling (helper NLRs). Sub-functionalized NLRs form a network-type receptor system known as the NLR network. In this review, we highlight the concept of NLR networks, discussing how they are formed, activated, and regulated. Two main types of NLR networks have been described in plants: the ADR1/NRG1 network and the NRC network. In both networks, multiple helper NLRs function as signalling hubs for sensor NLRs and cell surface–localized immune receptors. Additionally, the networks are regulated at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, as well as being modulated by other host proteins to ensure proper network activation and prevent autoimmunity. Plant pathogens in turn have converged on suppressing NLR networks, thereby facilitating infection and disease. Understanding the NLR immune system at the network level could inform future breeding programs by highlighting the appropriate genetic combinations of immunoreceptors to use while avoiding deleterious autoimmunity and suppression by pathogens.
• NLR receptor networks in plants
  Hiroaki Adachi; Sophien Kamoun
  Essays in Biochemistry, Portland Press Ltd., 30 Sep. 2022, [Peer-reviewed], [Invited], [Lead author, Corresponding author], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal, Abstract
  
  To fight off diverse pathogens and pests, the plant immune system must recognize these invaders; however, as plant immune receptors evolve to recognize a pathogen, the pathogen often evolves to escape this recognition. Plant–pathogen co-evolution has led to the vast expansion of a family of intracellular immune receptors-nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs). When an NLR receptor recognizes a pathogen ligand, it activates immune signaling and thus initiates defense responses. However, in contrast with the model of NLRs acting individually to activate resistance, an emerging paradigm holds that plants have complex receptor networks where the large repertoire of functionally specialized NLRs function together to act against the large repertoire of rapidly evolving pathogen effectors. In this article, we highlight key aspects of immune receptor networks in plant NLR biology and discuss NLR network architecture, the advantages of this receptor network system, and the evolution of the NLR network in asterid plants.
• The helper NLR immune protein NRC3 mediates the hypersensitive cell death caused by the cell-surface receptor Cf-4
  Jiorgos Kourelis; Mauricio P. Contreras; Adeline Harant; Hsuan Pai; Daniel Lüdke; Hiroaki Adachi; Lida Derevnina; Chih-Hang Wu; Sophien Kamoun
  PLOS Genetics, 18, 9, e1010414, e1010414, Public Library of Science (PLoS), 22 Sep. 2022, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal, Cell surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) activate immune responses that can include the hypersensitive cell death. However, the pathways that link PRRs to the cell death response are poorly understood. Here, we show that the cell surface receptor-like protein Cf-4 requires the intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing receptor (NLR) NRC3 to trigger a confluent cell death response upon detection of the fungal effector Avr4 in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. This NRC3 activity requires an intact N-terminal MADA motif, a conserved signature of coiled-coil (CC)-type plant NLRs that is required for resistosome-mediated immune responses. A chimeric protein with the N-terminal α1 helix of Arabidopsis ZAR1 swapped into NRC3 retains the capacity to mediate Cf-4 hypersensitive cell death. Pathogen effectors acting as suppressors of NRC3 can suppress Cf-4-triggered hypersensitive cell-death. Our findings link the NLR resistosome model to the hypersensitive cell death caused by a cell surface PRR.
• A potato late blight resistance gene protects against multiple Phytophthora species by recognizing a broadly conserved RXLR-WY effector
  Xiao Lin; Andrea Olave-Achury; Robert Heal; Marina Pais; Kamil Witek; Hee-Kyung Ahn; He Zhao; Shivani Bhanvadia; Hari S. Karki; Tianqiao Song; Chih-hang Wu; Hiroaki Adachi; Sophien Kamoun; Vivianne G.A.A. Vleeshouwers; Jonathan D.G. Jones
  Molecular Plant, 15, 9, 1457, 1469, Elsevier BV, Sep. 2022, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal
• A vector system for fast-forward studies of the HOPZ-ACTIVATED RESISTANCE1 (ZAR1) resistosome in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana
  Adeline Harant; Hsuan Pai; Toshiyuki Sakai; Sophien Kamoun; Hiroaki Adachi
  Plant Physiology, 188, 1, 70, 80, Oxford University Press (OUP), 20 Jan. 2022, [Peer-reviewed], [Last author, Corresponding author], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal, Abstract
  
  Nicotiana benthamiana has emerged as a complementary experimental system to Arabidopsis thaliana. It enables fast-forward in vivo analyses primarily through transient gene expression and is particularly popular in the study of plant immunity. Recently, our understanding of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) plant immune receptors has greatly advanced following the discovery of the Arabidopsis HOPZ-ACTIVATED RESISTANCE1 (ZAR1) resistosome. Here, we describe a vector system of 72 plasmids that enables functional studies of the ZAR1 resistosome in N. benthamiana. We showed that ZAR1 stands out among the coiled coil class of NLRs (CC-NLRs) for being highly conserved across distantly related dicot plant species and confirmed NbZAR1 as the N. benthamiana ortholog of Arabidopsis ZAR1. Effector-activated and autoactive NbZAR1 triggers the cell death response in N. benthamiana and this activity is dependent on a functional N-terminal α1 helix. C-terminally tagged NbZAR1 remains functional in N. benthamiana, thus enabling cell biology and biochemical studies in this plant system. We conclude that the NbZAR1 open source pZA plasmid collection forms an additional experimental system to Arabidopsis for in planta resistosome studies.
• RefPlantNLR is a comprehensive collection of experimentally validated plant disease resistance proteins from the NLR family
  Jiorgos Kourelis; Toshiyuki Sakai; Hiroaki Adachi; Sophien Kamoun
  PLOS Biology, 19, 10, e3001124, e3001124, Public Library of Science (PLoS), 20 Oct. 2021, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
  Scientific journal, Reference datasets are critical in computational biology. They help define canonical biological features and are essential for benchmarking studies. Here, we describe a comprehensive reference dataset of experimentally validated plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors. RefPlantNLR consists of 481 NLRs from 31 genera belonging to 11 orders of flowering plants. This reference dataset has several applications. We used RefPlantNLR to determine the canonical features of functionally validated plant NLRs and to benchmark 5 NLR annotation tools. This revealed that although NLR annotation tools tend to retrieve the majority of NLRs, they frequently produce domain architectures that are inconsistent with the RefPlantNLR annotation. Guided by this analysis, we developed a new pipeline, NLRtracker, which extracts and annotates NLRs from protein or transcript files based on the core features found in the RefPlantNLR dataset. The RefPlantNLR dataset should also prove useful for guiding comparative analyses of NLRs across the wide spectrum of plant diversity and identifying understudied taxa. We hope that the RefPlantNLR resource will contribute to moving the field beyond a uniform view of NLR structure and function.
• Dynamic localization of a helper NLR at the plant–pathogen interface underpins pathogen recognition
  Cian Duggan; Eleonora Moratto; Zachary Savage; ERANTHIKA HAMILTON; Hiroaki Adachi; Chih-Hang Wu; Alexandre Y. Leary; Yasin Tumtas; Stephen Rothery; Abbas Maqbool; Seda Nohut; Toby Ross Martin; Sophien Kamoun; Tolga O Bozkurt
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118, 34, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24 Aug. 2021, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal, Significance
  
  Plant NLRs function as intracellular immune sensors of pathogen virulence factors known as effectors. In the resting state, NLRs localize to subcellular sites where the effectors they sense operate. However, the extent to which NLRs alter their subcellular distribution during infection remains elusive. We describe dynamic changes in spatiotemporal localization of an NLR protein in infected plant cells. Specifically, the NLR protein accumulates at the newly synthesized plant–pathogen interface membrane, where the corresponding effectors are deployed. Following immune recognition, the activated receptor reorganizes to form punctate structures that target the cell periphery. We propose that NLRs are not necessarily stationary receptors but instead may spread to other cellular membranes from the primary site of activation to boost immune responses.
• Plant pathogens convergently evolved to counteract redundant nodes of an NLR immune receptor network
  Lida Derevnina; Mauricio P. Contreras; Hiroaki Adachi; Jessica Upson; Ángel Vergara Cruces; Rongrong Xie; Jan Sklenar; Frank Menke; Sam Mugford; Dan MacLean; Wenbo Ma; Saskia Hogenhout; Aska Goverse; Abbas Maqbool; Chih-Hang Wu; Sophien Kamoun
  PLOS Biology, 19, 8, e3001136, e3001136, Public Library of Science (PLoS), 23 Aug. 2021, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal, In plants, nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-containing proteins can form receptor networks to confer hypersensitive cell death and innate immunity. One class of NLRs, known as NLR required for cell death (NRCs), are central nodes in a complex network that protects against multiple pathogens and comprises up to half of the NLRome of solanaceous plants. Given the prevalence of this NLR network, we hypothesised that pathogens convergently evolved to secrete effectors that target NRC activities. To test this, we screened a library of 165 bacterial, oomycete, nematode, and aphid effectors for their capacity to suppress the cell death response triggered by the NRC-dependent disease resistance proteins Prf and Rpi-blb2. Among 5 of the identified suppressors, 1 cyst nematode protein and 1 oomycete protein suppress the activity of autoimmune mutants of NRC2 and NRC3, but not NRC4, indicating that they specifically counteract a subset of NRC proteins independently of their sensor NLR partners. Whereas the cyst nematode effector SPRYSEC15 binds the nucleotide-binding domain of NRC2 and NRC3, the oomycete effector AVRcap1b suppresses the response of these NRCs via the membrane trafficking-associated protein NbTOL9a (Target of Myb 1-like protein 9a). We conclude that plant pathogens have evolved to counteract central nodes of the NRC immune receptor network through different mechanisms. Coevolution with pathogen effectors may have driven NRC diversification into functionally redundant nodes in a massively expanded NLR network.
• A complex resistance locus in Solanum americanum recognizes a conserved Phytophthora effector.
  Kamil Witek; Xiao Lin; Hari S Karki; Florian Jupe; Agnieszka I Witek; Burkhard Steuernagel; Remco Stam; Cock van Oosterhout; Sebastian Fairhead; Robert Heal; Jonathan M Cocker; Shivani Bhanvadia; William Barrett; Chih-Hang Wu; Hiroaki Adachi; Tianqiao Song; Sophien Kamoun; Vivianne G A A Vleeshouwers; Laurence Tomlinson; Brande B H Wulff; Jonathan D G Jones
  Nature plants, 7, 2, 198, 208, Feb. 2021, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal, Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans greatly constrains potato production. Many Resistance (R) genes were cloned from wild Solanum species and/or introduced into potato cultivars by breeding. However, individual R genes have been overcome by P. infestans evolution; durable resistance remains elusive. We positionally cloned a new R gene, Rpi-amr1, from Solanum americanum, that encodes an NRC helper-dependent CC-NLR protein. Rpi-amr1 confers resistance in potato to all 19 P. infestans isolates tested. Using association genomics and long-read RenSeq, we defined eight additional Rpi-amr1 alleles from different S. americanum and related species. Despite only ~90% identity between Rpi-amr1 proteins, all confer late blight resistance but differentially recognize Avramr1 orthologues and paralogues. We propose that Rpi-amr1 gene family diversity assists detection of diverse paralogues and alleles of the recognized effector, facilitating durable resistance against P. infestans.
• How to trick a plant pathogen?
  Hiroaki Adachi; Aleksandra Białas; Sophien Kamoun
  The Biochemist, 42, 4, 14, 18, Portland Press Ltd., 17 Aug. 2020, [Peer-reviewed], [Invited], [Lead author], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal, Plants can get sick too. In fact, they get infected by all types of microbes and little critters. But plants have evolved an effective immune system to fight off pathogen invasion. Amazingly, nearly every single plant cell is able to protect itself and its neighbours against infections. The plant immune system gets switched on when one of its many immune receptors matches a ligand in the pathogen. As a consequence of a long evolutionary history of fighting off pathogens, immune receptors are now encoded by hundreds of genes that populate the majority of plant genomes. Understanding how the plant immune system functions and how it has evolved can give invaluable insights that would benefit modern agriculture and help breeding disease-resistant crops.
• NRC4 Gene Cluster Is Not Essential for Bacterial Flagellin-Triggered Immunity.
  Chih-Hang Wu; Hiroaki Adachi; Juan Carlos De la Concepcion; Roger Castells-Graells; Vladimir Nekrasov; Sophien Kamoun
  Plant physiology, 182, 1, 455, 459, Jan. 2020, [Peer-reviewed], [Lead author], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal
• An N-terminal motif in NLR immune receptors is functionally conserved across distantly related plant species.
  Hiroaki Adachi; Mauricio P Contreras; Adeline Harant; Chih-Hang Wu; Lida Derevnina; Toshiyuki Sakai; Cian Duggan; Eleonora Moratto; Tolga O Bozkurt; Abbas Maqbool; Joe Win; Sophien Kamoun
  eLife, 8, 27 Nov. 2019, [Peer-reviewed], [Lead author], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal, The molecular codes underpinning the functions of plant NLR immune receptors are poorly understood. We used in vitro Mu transposition to generate a random truncation library and identify the minimal functional region of NLRs. We applied this method to NRC4-a helper NLR that functions with multiple sensor NLRs within a Solanaceae receptor network. This revealed that the NRC4 N-terminal 29 amino acids are sufficient to induce hypersensitive cell death. This region is defined by the consensus MADAxVSFxVxKLxxLLxxEx (MADA motif) that is conserved at the N-termini of NRC family proteins and ~20% of coiled-coil (CC)-type plant NLRs. The MADA motif matches the N-terminal α1 helix of Arabidopsis NLR protein ZAR1, which undergoes a conformational switch during resistosome activation. Immunoassays revealed that the MADA motif is functionally conserved across NLRs from distantly related plant species. NRC-dependent sensor NLRs lack MADA sequences indicating that this motif has degenerated in sensor NLRs over evolutionary time.
• NLR singletons, pairs, and networks: evolution, assembly, and regulation of the intracellular immunoreceptor circuitry of plants.
  Hiroaki Adachi; Lida Derevnina; Sophien Kamoun
  Current opinion in plant biology, 50, 121, 131, Aug. 2019, [Peer-reviewed], [Invited], [Lead author], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal, NLRs are modular plant and animal proteins that are intracellular sensors of pathogen-associated molecules. Upon pathogen perception, NLRs trigger a potent broad-spectrum immune reaction known as the hypersensitive response. An emerging paradigm is that plant NLR immune receptors form networks with varying degrees of complexity. NLRs may have evolved from multifunctional singleton receptors, which combine pathogen detection (sensor activity) and immune signalling (helper or executor activity) into a single protein, to functionally specialized interconnected receptor pairs and networks. In this article, we highlight some of the recent advances in plant NLR biology by discussing models of NLR evolution, NLR complex formation, and how NLR (mis)regulation modulates immunity and autoimmunity. Multidisciplinary approaches are required to dissect the evolution, assembly, and regulation of the immune receptor circuitry of plants. With the new conceptual framework provided by the elucidation of the structure and activation mechanism of a plant NLR resistosome, this field is entering an exciting era of research.
• A resistosome-activated 'death switch'.
  Hiroaki Adachi; Sophien Kamoun; Abbas Maqbool
  Nature plants, 5, 5, 457, 458, May 2019, [Peer-reviewed], [Lead author], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal
• Convergence of cell-surface and intracellular immune receptor signalling.
  Hiroaki Adachi; Kenichi Tsuda
  The New phytologist, 221, 4, 1676, 1678, Mar. 2019, [Peer-reviewed], [Invited], [Lead author, Corresponding author], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal
• Hierarchical regulation of NADPH oxidase by protein kinases in plant immunity
  Hirofumi Yoshioka; Hiroaki Adachi; Takaaki Nakano; Noriko Miyagawa; Shuta Asai; Nobuaki Ishihama; Miki Yoshioka
  PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY, 95, 20, 26, Jul. 2016, [Invited], [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal
• Nicotiana benthamiana MAPK-WRKY pathway confers resistance to a necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea.
  Hiroaki Adachi; Nobuaki Ishihama; Takaaki Nakano; Miki Yoshioka; Hirofumi Yoshioka
  Plant signaling & behavior, 11, 6, e1183085, 02 Jun. 2016, [Peer-reviewed], [Lead author], [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal, MEK2-SIPK/WIPK cascade, a Nicotiana benthamiana mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, is an essential signaling pathway for plant immunity and involved in hypersensitive response (HR) accompanied by cell death. WRKY transcription factors as substrates of SIPK and WIPK have been isolated and implicated in HR cell death. Here, we show virus-induced gene silencing of WRKY genes compromised constitutively active MEK2-triggered cell death in N. benthamiana leaves. In general, HR cell death enhances susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea. However, the WRKY gene silencing elevated susceptibility to B. cinerea. These findings suggest that downstream WRKYs of MEK2-SIPK/WIPK cascade are required for cell death-dependent and -independent immunities in N. benthamiana.
• WRKY Transcription Factors Phosphorylated by MAPK Regulate a Plant Immune NADPH Oxidase in Nicotiana benthamiana.
  Hiroaki Adachi; Takaaki Nakano; Noriko Miyagawa; Nobuaki Ishihama; Miki Yoshioka; Yuri Katou; Takashi Yaeno; Ken Shirasu; Hirofumi Yoshioka
  The Plant cell, 27, 9, 2645, 63, Sep. 2015, [Peer-reviewed], [Lead author], [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal, Pathogen attack sequentially confers pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) after sensing of pathogen patterns and effectors by plant immune receptors, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play pivotal roles in PTI and ETI as signaling molecules. Nicotiana benthamiana RBOHB, an NADPH oxidase, is responsible for both the transient PTI ROS burst and the robust ETI ROS burst. Here, we show that RBOHB transactivation mediated by MAPK contributes to R3a/AVR3a-triggered ETI (AVR3a-ETI) ROS burst. RBOHB is markedly induced during the ETI and INF1-triggered PTI (INF1-PTI), but not flg22-tiggered PTI (flg22-PTI). We found that the RBOHB promoter contains a functional W-box in the R3a/AVR3a and INF1 signal-responsive cis-element. Ectopic expression of four phospho-mimicking mutants of WRKY transcription factors, which are MAPK substrates, induced RBOHB, and yeast one-hybrid analysis indicated that these mutants bind to the cis-element. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated direct binding of the WRKY to the cis-element in plants. Silencing of multiple WRKY genes compromised the upregulation of RBOHB, resulting in impairment of AVR3a-ETI and INF1-PTI ROS bursts, but not the flg22-PTI ROS burst. These results suggest that the MAPK-WRKY pathway is required for AVR3a-ETI and INF1-PTI ROS bursts by activation of RBOHB.
• Kinase-mediated orchestration of NADPH oxidase in plant immunity.
  Hiroaki Adachi; Hirofumi Yoshioka
  Briefings in functional genomics, 14, 4, 253, 9, Jul. 2015, [Peer-reviewed], [Invited], [Lead author], [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal, Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signalling molecules, which participate in multiple physiological processes including immune response, development, cell elongation and hormonal signalling in plants. Plant NADPH oxidase, termed respiratory burst oxidase homologue (RBOH), is frequently studied as a main player for pathogen-responsive ROS burst. Our understanding of the activation mechanism of RBOH after pathogen recognition has increased in recent years. In this review, we focus on kinase-mediated regulatory mechanisms of RBOHs. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are well known to activate RBOHs by direct phosphorylation. In addition to functions of CDPKs in plants, we also describe the involvement of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in fine-tuning RBOH activity at the post-translational and transcriptional levels, respectively.
• A receptor pair with an integrated decoy converts pathogen disabling of transcription factors to immunity.
  Clémentine Le Roux; Gaëlle Huet; Alain Jauneau; Laurent Camborde; Dominique Trémousaygue; Alexandra Kraut; Binbin Zhou; Marie Levaillant; Hiroaki Adachi; Hirofumi Yoshioka; Sylvain Raffaele; Richard Berthomé; Yohann Couté; Jane E Parker; Laurent Deslandes
  Cell, 161, 5, 1074, 1088, 21 May 2015, [Peer-reviewed], ［Internationally co-authored］, [International Magazine]
  English, Scientific journal, Microbial pathogens infect host cells by delivering virulence factors (effectors) that interfere with defenses. In plants, intracellular nucleotide-binding/leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) detect specific effector interference and trigger immunity by an unknown mechanism. The Arabidopsis-interacting NLR pair, RRS1-R with RPS4, confers resistance to different pathogens, including Ralstonia solanacearum bacteria expressing the acetyltransferase effector PopP2. We show that PopP2 directly acetylates a key lysine within an additional C-terminal WRKY transcription factor domain of RRS1-R that binds DNA. This disrupts RRS1-R DNA association and activates RPS4-dependent immunity. PopP2 uses the same lysine acetylation strategy to target multiple defense-promoting WRKY transcription factors, causing loss of WRKY-DNA binding and transactivating functions needed for defense gene expression and disease resistance. Thus, RRS1-R integrates an effector target with an NLR complex at the DNA to switch a potent bacterial virulence activity into defense gene activation.
• In Vivo Phosphorylation of WRKY Transcription Factor by MAPK
  Nobuaki Ishihama; Hiroaki Adachi; Miki Yoshioka; Hirofumi Yoshioka
  Methods in Molecular Biology, 171, 181, Springer New York, 2014, [Peer-reviewed], [Invited], [International Magazine]
  In book

• Accumulation of NRCX in the membrane fraction is involved in modulation of hypersensitive cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana
  本田晃大; 大津美奈; 大津美奈; 寺内良平; 安達広明; 安達広明, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2025, 2025
• Identification of a candidate miRNA for sex determination in the staple crop white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata)
  工藤葵; 杉原優; 井関洸太朗; 松本亮; 美濃地弘樹; 小内清; 阿部陽; 夏目俊; 堺俊之; 及川香梨; 清水元樹; 伊藤和江; 安達広明; 本田晃大; 山中愼介; ADEBOLA Patrick; ASFAW Asrat; 寺内良平, 育種学研究, 27, 2025
• Mechanism of pathogen recognition by plant NLR proteins
  本田晃大; 碓井拓哉; 藤原幹; 安達広明; 安達広明, 植物科学の最前線(Web), 16, 2025
• Mechanisms of the recognition of Pyricularia oryzae by the blast resistance gene Rmo2 in barley.
  片山瑛美; 高橋美乃; 安達広明; 土佐幸雄; 足助聡一郎, 日本植物病理学会報, 91, 1, 2025
• Functional analysis of an N-terminal motif of a modulator NLR in Nicotiana benthamiana.
  本田晃大; 藤田健太郎; 寺内良平; 安達広明; 安達広明, 日本植物病理学会報, 91, 1, 2025
• Molecular evolution of plant NLR immune receptors to recognize pathogens
  安達広明; 本田晃大; LIU Tianpin; 松永志基; 藤田健太郎; 大津美奈; 堺俊之, 日本植物病理学会植物感染生理談話会論文集, 58, 2024
• RNA-seq analysis of potato expressing StWRKY8 transcription factor driven by pathogen-inducible promoter
  吉岡美樹; 安達広明; 石濱伸明; 鈴木孝征; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2024, 2024
• Spatiotemporal dynamics of SA and JA signalings in Nicotiana benthamiana in response to pathogens, wounding and insect feeding
  林優介; 吉岡美樹; 日野雄太; 安達広明; 高野義孝; 別役重之; 鳴坂真理; 鳴坂義弘; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2024, 2024
• High order complex analysis of an NLR protein that negatively regulates immune receptor networks in Nicotiana benthamiana
  本田晃大; 大津美奈; 大津美奈; 寺内良平; 安達広明; 安達広明, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2024, 2024
• Conserved evolutionary features of the atypically ancient immune receptor ZAR1.
  安達広明; 安達広明; 堺俊之; KOURELIS Jiorgos; PAI Hsuan; HERNANDEZ Jose L. Gonzalez; 内海好規; 関原明; 関原明; 関原明; MAQBOOL Abbas; KAMOUN Sophien, 日本植物病理学会報, 90, 1, 2024
• Understanding subcellular localization of a modulator of immune receptor networks in Nicotiana benthamiana.
  本田晃大; 大津美奈; 大津美奈; 寺内良平; 安達広明; 安達広明, 日本植物病理学会報, 90, 1, 2024
• Spatiotemporal dynamics of salicylate and jasmonate signalings against hemi-biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens in Nicotiana benthamiana.
  林優介; 吉岡美樹; 日野雄太; 安達広明; 高野義孝; 別役重之; 鳴坂真理; 鳴坂義弘; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会報, 90, 1, 2024
• 植物のNLRタンパク質による病原体認識の仕組み
  安達広明, 日本植物学会大会研究発表記録(CD-ROM), 88th, 2024
• “Pathogen” and “Host”, “Plant pathology” and “Breeding science”, new resistance breeding created by interaction
  清水元樹; 松尾宏樹; 高野義孝; 安達広明; 安達広明; 土佐幸雄; 寺内良平; 寺内良平, 育種学研究, 26, 1, 2024
• Unraveling NLR immune receptor networks for conferring disease resistance in crop breeding
  安達広明; 安達広明, 育種学研究, 25, 2023
• Molecular mechanisms of plant immune system conferred by ROS signaling.
  吉岡博文; 日野雄太; 岡本渓太; 稲田太一; 小川尊也; 安達広明; 吉岡美樹, 日本植物病理学会植物感染生理談話会論文集, 57, 2023
• Rice NLR-mediated resistance to brome mosaic virus.
  三瀬和之; 鈴木慎司; ZHANG Y.; 大竹竜馬; 嶋本果穂; 大矢卓明; 鷲津充彦; 新田浩二; 高田昌汰; 清水元樹; 寺石政義; 奥本裕; 奥本裕; 海道真典; 海道真典; 安達広明; 峯彰; 寺内良平; 寺内良平; 高野義孝, 日本植物病理学会植物感染生理談話会論文集, 57, 2023
• An atypical NLR protein negatively regulates the NRC immune receptor network in Nicotiana benthamiana.
  安達広明; 安達広明; 堺俊之; 堺俊之; WU Chih-hang; WU Chih-hang; KAMOUN Sophien, 日本植物病理学会報, 88, 1, 2022
• Spatiotemporal dynamics of SA and JA signalings in response to various pathogens in Nicotiana benthamiana.
  吉岡美樹; 荒川花子; 西内沙希; 鳴坂義弘; 鳴坂真理; 北川隆啓; 斉藤太香雄; 安達広明; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会報, 88, 1, 2022
• Evolution of the NLR immune receptors in plants
  安達広明; 安達広明; 大津美奈; 大津美奈; 堺俊之, 月刊細胞, 54, 6, 2022
• Construction of biosensors for monitoring salicylate and jasmonate signalings reflecting their antagonistic responses
  吉岡美樹; 田中達己; 尾中南海; 荒川花子; 別役重之; 多田安臣; 鳴坂真理; 鳴坂義弘; 上田真澄; 大高剛史; 安達広明; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2021, 2021
• Solanine and chaconine from oral secretion of Epilachna vigintioctopunctata induce plant immune responses
  岩田啓一朗; 高橋来人; 千賀紀尚; 安達広明; 石濱伸明; 關光; 村中俊哉; 吉岡美樹; 近藤竜彦; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2020, 2020
• Biosensor for salicylate and jasmonate signalings reflecting their antagonistic responses
  田中達己; 安達広明; 吉岡美樹; 荒川花子; 別役重之; 別役重之; 多田安臣; 鳴坂真理; 鳴坂義弘; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2020, 2020
• Chloroplastic ROS burst is induced by the accumulation of reduced ferredoxin in plant immunity
  小川尊也; 岡本渓太; 稲田太一; 安達広明; 吉岡美樹; 杉浦大輔; 森仁志; 三宅親弘; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2020, 2020
• ROS sensor proteins mediating plant immune signaling positively regulate defense responses
  岡本渓太; 小川尊也; 稲田太一; 安達広明; 吉岡美樹; 森仁志; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2020, 2020
• Pharmacological studies on spatiotemporal dynamics of plant immune MAPK activity induced by feeding of 28-spotted ladybug.
  岩田啓一朗; 高橋来人; 千賀紀尚; 安達広明; 石濱伸明; 吉岡美樹; 近藤竜彦; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会報, 86, 1, 2020
• Proteome analyses of ROS sensor proteins mediating ROS immune signaling.
  岡本渓太; 小川尊也; 稲田太一; 安達広明; 吉岡美樹; 森仁志; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会報, 86, 1, 2020
• Dynamics of plant immune MAPK activity: spatiotemporal imaging using Arabidopsis expressing a MAPK biosensor.
  吉岡美樹; 安達広明; 石濱伸明; 鳴坂真理; 鳴坂義弘; 高野義孝; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会報, 86, 1, 2020
• Chloroplastic ROS signaling is involved in chloroplasts clustering around the nucleolus in plant immune responses.
  小川尊也; 岡本渓太; 稲田太一; 安達広明; 吉岡美樹; 杉浦大輔; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会報, 86, 1, 2020
• 植物免疫応答における光合成活性抑制は葉緑体のROS生産を誘導する
  小川尊也; 安達広明; 吉岡美樹; 杉浦大輔; 吉岡博文, 日本植物生理学会年会(Web), 60th, 2019
• 細胞死に連動する植物免疫応答では葉緑体のROS生産が誘導される
  小川尊也; 安達広明; 吉岡美樹; 杉浦大輔; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2019, 2019
• ニジュウヤホシテントウの食害によるMAPK活性の時空間的動態
  岩田啓一朗; 高橋来人; 千賀紀尚; 安達広明; 石濱伸明; 吉岡美樹; 近藤竜彦; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2019, 2019
• 免疫応答におけるROSセンサータンパク質はROS蓄積を制御する
  稲田太一; 吉岡美樹; 安達広明; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2018, 2018
• 免疫応答における葉緑体のROSセンサータンパク質の関与
  小川尊也; 稲田太一; 吉岡美樹; 安達広明; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2018, 2018
• 免疫応答におけるROSセンサータンパク質の関与
  稲田太一; 安達広明; 吉岡美樹; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会報, 84, 1, 2018
• 免疫応答においてMAPK活性を可視化するバイオセンサーの開発
  安達広明; 石濱伸明; 吉美樹; 鳴坂真理; 鳴坂義弘; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2017, 2017
• 免疫応答におけるSIPKの細胞内動態
  安達広明; 波多江健太; 吉岡美樹; 鳴坂真理; 鳴坂義弘; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会報, 83, 1, 2017
• 植物免疫における活性酸素生成誘導のしくみ 植物はいかにして病原菌から身を護るのか?
  安達広明; 吉岡博文, 化学と生物, 55, 9, 2017
• 細胞死に及ぼす恒常活性型SIPK細胞内局在の影響
  波多江健太; 安達広明; 吉岡美樹; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2016, 2016
• MAPKの基質となるWRKY型転写因子の葉緑体ROSバーストへの関与
  安達広明; 波多江健太; 佐藤昌直; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2016, 2016
• 葉緑体による活性酸素生成を介した植物免疫機構
  吉岡博文; 安達広明, 日本生体防御学会学術総会講演抄録集, 27th, 2016
• RNA-seqによるMAPK-WRKY経路下流の免疫応答誘導機構の解析
  安達広明; 佐藤昌直; 吉岡博文, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 56th, 2015
• VQタンパク質はWRKY8誘導による防御関連遺伝子の発現を亢進する
  吉見隆寿; 安達広明; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2015, 2015
• PAMPsに応答したWRKY8転写因子のリン酸化動向
  波多江健太; 安達広明; 吉岡美樹; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2015, 2015
• RNA-seqによるMAPK-WRKY経路下流の植物免疫関連遺伝子の探索
  安達広明; 佐藤昌直; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2015, 2015
• Molecular mechanisms of ROS burst conferred by protein phosphorylation.
  吉岡博文; 安達広明; 石濱伸明; 中野孝明; 白石佑太郎; 宮川典子; 野村裕也; 吉岡美樹; 浅井秀太, 日本植物病理学会報, 81, 1, 2015
• CDPKおよびRLCKがNADPHオキシダーゼを介したROSバーストを制御する
  白石佑太郎; 吉岡美樹; 安達広明; 山口公志; 川崎努; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2014, 2014
• 植物の免疫応答に関与するMAPキナーゼの恒常活性型変異体の作出
  波多江健太; 安達広明; 吉岡美樹; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2014, 2014
• エフェクター認識後のNbRBOHBプロモーター活性化に複数のWRKY型転写因子が関与する
  安達広明; 石濱伸明; 中野孝明; 宮川典子; 吉岡美樹; 八丈野孝; 白須賢; 吉岡博文, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 55th, 2014
• MAPK-WRKY経路は抵抗性遺伝子に依存したNbRBOHBの転写活性化に関与する
  安達広明; 石濱伸明; 中野孝明; 宮川典子; 吉岡美樹; 八丈野孝; 白須賢; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2014, 2014
• リン酸化修飾によるNADPHオキシダーゼの活性化には複数のCDPKが関与する
  白石佑太郎; 吉岡美樹; 安達広明; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会報, 80, 1, 2014
• 複数のWRKY型転写因子は抵抗性遺伝子に依存した活性酸素生産に関与する
  安達広明; 石濱伸明; 中野孝明; 宮川典子; 吉岡美樹; 八丈野孝; 白須賢; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会報, 80, 1, 2014
• ベンサミアナタバコのNADPHオキシダーゼであるNbRBOHBのプロモーター調節にはWRKY型転写因子が関与する
  中野孝明; 安達広明; 宮川典子; 吉岡美樹; 石濱伸明; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2013, 2013
• WRKY型転写因子が病害応答性MAPKに依存したROS生産に関与する
  安達広明; 石濱伸明; 吉岡美樹; 加藤有里; 八丈野孝; 白須賢; 吉岡博文, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 54th, 2013
• WRKY型転写因子は病害応答性MAPKの下流で誘導されるROS生産の重要な制御因子である
  安達広明; 石濱伸明; 吉岡美樹; 加藤有里; 八丈野孝; 白須賢; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2013, 2013
• リン酸化による植物NADPHオキシダーゼの制御機構
  吉岡博文; 安達広明; 白石佑太郎; 中野孝明; 宮川典子; 浅井秀太; 川崎努; 吉岡美樹, 日本生体防御学会学術総会講演抄録集, 24th, 2013
• WRKY8転写因子を導入した組換えジャガイモは疫病菌および夏疫病菌に抵抗性を示す
  吉岡美樹; 石濱伸明; 金原佳子; 安達広明; 高野義孝; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会報, 79, 1, 2013
• 病害応答性MAPKの下流で複数のWRKY型転写因子が防御応答の制御に関与する
  安達広明; 石濱伸明; 吉岡美樹; 加藤有里; 八丈野孝; 白須賢; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会報, 79, 1, 2013
• タンパク質のリン酸化によるROSバーストの分子機構
  吉岡博文; 安達広明; 石濱伸明; 中野孝明; 白石佑太郎; 宮川典子; 野村裕也; 吉岡美樹; 浅井秀太; 浅井秀太, 日本植物病理学会植物感染生理談話会論文集, 48, 2013
• 病害応答性MAPKに依存した細胞死を制御する新規WRKY型転写因子の単離
  安達広明; 石濱伸明; 加藤有里; 八丈野孝; 白須賢; 吉岡博文, 日本植物生理学会年会要旨集, 53rd, 2012
• 新規WRKY型転写因子のMAPKに依存した細胞死誘導への関与
  安達広明; 石濱伸明; 加藤有里; 八丈野孝; 白須賢; 吉岡博文, 日本植物病理学会大会プログラム・講演要旨予稿集, 2012, 2012

• Dead or Alive: 植物NLR免疫の制御
  安達 広明
  令和7年度北海道植物学会講演会, 09 Dec. 2025
  [Invited]
• 植物の免疫受容体：残されるものと変わりゆくもの
  安達 広明
  第３回北海道バイオ"Mix-up", 29 Sep. 2025
  [Invited]
• Molecular evolution of plant NLR immune receptors to recognize pathogens
  Hiroaki Adachi
  PCP sponsored symposium, Kanazawa University, Mar. 2025
  [Invited]
• 病原微生物を認識する植物のNLR受容体の分子進化
  安達 広明
  令和6年度植物感染生理談話会, 名古屋大学, Sep. 2024
  [Invited]
• 植物のNLRタンパク質による病原体認識の仕組み
  安達 広明
  日本植物学会 第88回大会シンポジウム, 宇都宮大学, Sep. 2024
  [Invited]
• Activation and regulation of NLR immune receptor networks
  Hiroaki Adachi
  2024 Kyoto mini-symposium on plant-microbe interactions, Kyoto University, May 2024
  [Invited]
• NLRタンパク質による植物免疫機構の包括的理解を目指して
  安達 広明
  第39回資源植物科学シンポジウム及び第15回植物ストレス科学研究シンポジウム, 倉敷市芸文館アイシアター, Feb. 2024
  [Invited]
• Jurassic NLR: conserved and dynamic evolutionary features of the atypically ancient immune receptor
  Hiroaki Adachi
  2023 PIRC/K-MPMI Joint Symposium, Seoul National University, Korea, Dec. 2023
  [Invited]
• 耐病性育種に向けたNLR免疫受容体ネットワークの包括的な理解
  安達 広明
  一般社団法人日本育種学会 第144回講演会ワークショップ, 神戸大学, Sep. 2023
  [Invited]
• An atypical NLR protein modulates the NRC immune receptor network in Nicotiana benthamiana
  Hiroaki Adachi
  International Plant Helper- and Paired NLR Mini Symposium, Universitat Tubingen, Germany, Mar. 2023
  [Invited]
• An atypical NLR modulates the NLR network in Nicotiana benthamiana
  Hiroaki Adachi
  12th Japan-US Seminar in Plant Pathology, Cornell University, US, Aug. 2022
  [Invited]
• ナス科植物の免疫受容体ネットワークの進化と制御機構の解明に向けて
  安達 広明
  第５回植物病理を紡ぐ会，オンライン開催, Mar. 2022
  [Invited]
• 1つの遺伝子からネットワークへ~細胞内免疫受容体はどのように進化したのか~
  安達 広明
  第40回日本植物病理学会関西部会若手の会, 滋賀県立大学, Sep. 2019
  [Invited]

• Aug. 2011 - Present
  日本植物病理学会
• 2011 - Present
  日本植物生理学会
• IS-MPMI

• Advancing fundamental knowledge of NLR biology to enhance crop resistance against pathogens
  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
  17 Nov. 2023 - 31 Mar. 2030
  寺内 良平; 藤崎 恒喜; 吉田 健太郎; 堺 俊之; 安達 広明; 高野 義孝; 大津 美奈; 清水 元樹
  病害防除は、世界の食糧安全にとって最重要課題である。最も有効な手段は、Nucleotide-binding Leucine-rich repeat Receptors (NLRs) 遺伝子の利用である。本課題では、重要作物イネ、コムギ、ウリ科作物とそれらの病害を実験対象として、(1) NLRペアーとネットワークの探索：各種作物ゲノム上のNLR遺伝子産物がどの程度ペアーやネットワークとして機能しているのか？(2) NLR活性化機構の解明: 複数のNLRタンパク質がいかに協調して抵抗性を発揮するのか？どのような高次構造をとるのか？(3) NLRの認識機構の解明：NLRタンパク質がどのような仕組みで病原菌エフェクターを認識するのか？(4)NLR生物学の応用:認識特異性を拡大したNLRをエンジニアできるか、持続可能な抵抗性品種を育成できるか？の問いに答える研究を展開する。本研究は、日本計8名、英国計６名の先端研究者からなる共同研究体制により実施する。本課題の成功により、植物NLR生物学の基礎解明および作物病害防除への貢献が期待される。若手研究者を育成し、当重要分野の次世代の発展に寄与することを目的とする。7年間の本課題の成功に向けて、今年度は研究実施体制の構築を着実に実施した。
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (International Leading Research ), Kyoto University, 23K20042
• 代謝産物に基づく窒素固定細菌の特定
  科学研究費助成事業
  Apr. 2025 - Mar. 2029
  矢野 勝也; 吉岡 博文; 大井 崇生; 安達 広明
  日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(A), 名古屋大学, 25H00930
• Exploring rice NLRome - pathogen effector interactions to enhance food security
  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
  Apr. 2024 - Mar. 2029
  寺内 良平; 藤崎 恒喜; 堺 俊之; 根本 圭一郎; 安達 広明; 竹田 匠; 阿部 陽; 清水 元樹
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research, Kyoto University, 24H00010
• NLRレジストソームが活性化する植物免疫応答に関与するシグナル因子の解析
  科学研究費助成事業
  Apr. 2025 - Mar. 2028
  安達 広明; 吉岡 博文
  日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(B), 京都大学, 25K02012
• Identification of transcription factors involved in regulating expression of plant immune receptor genes
  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
  01 Apr. 2022 - 31 Mar. 2024
  Adachi Hiroaki
  Plant cells possess NLR immune receptors, which recognize pathogen effector molecules and activate the plant immune system. An emerging model suggests that multiple functionally specialized NLRs participate in NLR immune receptor networks. However, the transcriptional regulation governing the co-expression of these cooperative NLRs in plant tissues remains largely unknown. Here, we focused on the NLR immune receptor networks in the Solanaceae family and analyzed the tissue-specific expression of NLR genes to identify potential transcriptional regulators. We compiled a list of NLR genes expressed in leaf and/or root tissues and extracted cis-elements enriched in their promoter regions. Despite our efforts over the past two years, we have yet to identify transcription factors that regulate the expression of plant NLR immune receptor genes.
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists, Kyoto University, 22K14893
• 比較ゲノミクスを基盤とする免疫受容体ネットワークの解明とデザイン
  戦略的な研究開発の推進 戦略的創造研究推進事業 さきがけ
  2021 - 2024
  安達 広明
  植物は多様化した免疫受容体がつくる分子ネットワークを利用することで、多種多様な病原体を認識し、免疫応答を誘導します。本研究では、病害抵抗性を示す植物種のゲノム情報から有用な免疫受容体遺伝子を発掘し、機能予測及び機能評価を進め、免疫受容体ネットワークの全容を解明します。そして、その成果を免疫受容体ネットワーク活用型の新規抵抗性技術の開発に繋げます。
  科学技術振興機構, 奈良先端科学技術大学院大学, Principal investigator
• Subcellular dynamics of Plant NLR immune receptor networks during receptor activation
  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
  Aug. 2021 - Mar. 2023
  Adachi Hiroaki
  Plant cells have NLR immune receptors in different subcellular compartments, and the receptors recognize pathogen effector molecules and activate the plant immune system. An emerging paradigm is that multiple functionally specialized NLRs function in NLR immune receptor networks. However, spatiotemporal information when and where multiple NLRs function together and trigger immune responses are largely unknown. In this study, I focused on Solanaceae NLR immune receptor networks and analyzed subcellular localization of functionally specialized sensor NLR, helper NLR and modulator NLR before and after receptor activation. This revealed that each NLR receptor localizes to different subcellular compartments before activation and some of the NLRs show subcellular translocation after activation.
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up, 奈良先端科学技術大学院大学, 21K20583
• ＭＡＰキナーゼ活性の可視化による植物免疫機構の解明
  科学研究費助成事業
  Apr. 2014 - Mar. 2017
  安達 広明
  植物独自の免疫システムは、2段階の質的に異なる抵抗反応で構成されるが、共通してMAPKカスケードを介して発揮される。1つのシグナル伝達経路が異なる応答を誘導する要因として、MAPK活性の持続時間の長さや強度の違いが考えられる。病原菌認識後のMAPKの活性動態を調べるには、従来の生化学的解析とは異なり、非破壊的にMAPK活性を評価できる実験系が必要である。本研究では、MAPKの活性動態を可視化するバイオセンサー (MAPKセンサー) を作製し、病原菌が感染した細胞でMAPK活性を時間的・空間的に観察することで、MAPKシグナル伝達機構の分子基盤を構築することを目的とした。
  本センサーは、MAPKによる基質タンパク質のリン酸化に応答し、2種の隣接した蛍光タンパク質間で蛍光共鳴エネルギー移動 (FRET) が起こるように設計している。FRET強度には、2種の蛍光タンパク質間の距離と角度が重要であり、リン酸化活性に依存して生体内で理想的な配置をとる構造を模索する必要がある。蛍光タンパク質の配向やリンカーの種類を検討し、FRET強度比 (ON/OFF) が1.3以上となる実用レベルのセンサーの作製に成功した。また、MAPKセンサーに細胞内局在シグナルを付加し、任意に植物細胞内での局在を調整した。それらセンサーを一過的に発現させたベンサミアナタバコ葉に免疫応答を誘導すると、それぞれの細胞内局在部位においてFRETによる蛍光が観察された。この結果から、作製したMAPKセンサーが、MAPK活性のライブイメージングを可能にする有用なツールであることが示された。
  日本学術振興会, 特別研究員奨励費, 名古屋大学, 14J04206

• 植物のNLR型受容体による免疫誘導の仕組み
  12 Jun. 2026
  Appearance, Lecturer
  北海道大学
  生命科学院研究セミナー 初夏の交流会
• 〜学生のための耐病性バイオインフォマティクス〜ゲノム解析からタンパク質構造予測まで
  27 Nov. 2024 - 29 Nov. 2024
  Lecturer, Planner, Organizing member
  第一回NLR生物学ワークショップ