博士 (農学), 北海道大学

disturbance

boreal forest

tundra

Ecosystem ecology

climate change

above and belowground interaction

tree ecophysiology

Environmental Science/Agriculture Science, Environmental impact assessment

Life Science, Forest science

Bachelor's degree program, School of Agriculture

Master's degree program, Graduate School of Environmental Science

Doctoral (PhD) degree program, Graduate School of Environmental Science

Mar. 2018, The Japanese Forest Society, The Japanese Forest Society Encouragement Award
Makoto Kobayashi

Mar. 2018, Ecological Society of Japan, Miyadi Award
Makoto Kobayashi

Nov. 2016, 信州山の環境研究センター, 信州フィールド科学賞
小林真

Mar. 2011, The Japanese Forest Society, Encouraging Prize for Studenty
Makoto Kobayashi

Nurse logs may exacerbate the negative effect of macroclimate change on trees
Kobayashi Makoto; Zumo Su; Masahiro Nakamura; Areum Han; Kentaro Takagi
Trees, 40, 1, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 28 Jan. 2026
Scientific journal

Leaf Litter Decomposition Along an Elevation Gradient Across Two Contrasting Forest Types: Implications for Future Climate Change
Hiroko Kurokawa; Takahisa Arai; Sakino Takayanagi; Kobayashi Makoto; Karibu Fukuzawa; Masatoshi Katabuchi; Michio Oguro; Masahiro Aiba; Soichiro Nagano; Kouki Hikosaka; Hideaki Shibata; Nobuhiro Kaneko; Tohru Nakashizuka
Ecological Research, 41, 1, Wiley, 29 Nov. 2025
Scientific journal, ABSTRACT

Understanding elevational changes in ecosystem processes is important for predicting ecosystem responses to global warming. Plant litter decomposition is expected to increase with increasing temperature as elevation decreases. However, how decomposition varies along elevation gradients within and across forests dominated by different species remains unclear. We investigated in situ and downward‐transplanted leaf litter decomposition of two dominant species, deciduous broad‐leaved beech ( Fagus crenata ) dominating at lower elevations and evergreen coniferous Maries fir ( Abies mariesii ) dominating at higher elevations, in a montane range. For the downward‐transplanted treatment, litter from the highest elevation of each species' distribution was decomposed at lower elevations. Elevational changes in soil properties and litter traits of the two species were measured alongside. Within each species' range, the in situ decomposition generally increased with decreasing elevation, and the slopes of these relationships were not altered by the species‐specific elevational changes in litter traits. In contrast, the decomposition of A. mariesii litter was more temperature‐sensitive than that of F. crenata . Across forest types, A. mariesii at higher elevations had a greater in situ decomposition rate than F. crenata , possibly due to its lower lignin content compared to F. crenata . When the transplanted litter of A. mariesii was decomposed in F. crenata ‐dominated forests, its decomposition rate dropped to a level similar to F. crenata despite warmer conditions and its lower lignin. This study underscores the significance of considering plant traits and plant–soil interactions in predicting the responses of carbon and nutrient cycles in forest ecosystems to future climate change.

Unveiling responses of plant performance and vegetation cover to shifting snow regimes: a meta-analysis
Cai Yihan; Pamela H. Templer; Kobayashi Makoto
Climatic Change, 178, 6, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 05 Jun. 2025
Scientific journal

Soil water availability alters plant-soil feedback effects on invasive plant growth and foliar herbivory
Lei Wang; Muhammad Hasnain; Zhanhui Tang; Kobayashi Makoto
Journal of Plant Ecology, Oxford University Press (OUP), 14 Apr. 2025
Scientific journal, Abstracts

Plant-soil feedback (PSF) effects of invasive plants are often regulated by abiotic factors, but whether soil water availability alters the impact of PSF on invasive plant growth and foliar herbivory remains unclear. We hypothesized that soil water content modifies PSF effects and then affects foliar herbivory. To test this, we established four soil water level treatments (soil surface elevated 0, 5, 10 or 15 cm above water) to examine their effects on PSF, growth traits, and herbivore resistance in the invasive weed Alternanthera philoxeroides. Results showed PSF was negative when soil surface was elevated 5 cm above water, but it was positive in other treatments. Soil condition, water treatment and their interactions significantly affected total biomass, leaf and branch numbers. As soil water content decreased, leaf nitrogen content increased, while the leaf C/N ratio decreased. Root nitrogen and C/N ratios were also affected by water treatment. Leaf mass per area and leaf area consumption rate were significantly affected by water content, with foliar herbivory being lowest when water content was at its minimum. Importantly, the effects of water availability on invasive plant performance and foliar herbivore resistance appeared to be stronger than those mediated by soil feedback. These findings suggest that soil water content, as a critical role, modifies the PSF effects on invasive plant performance, thereby indirectly affecting foliar herbivory.

The underappreciated roles of aboveground vertebrates on belowground communities
Kanji M. Tomita; Philip J. Manlick; Kobayashi Makoto; Saori Fujii; Fujio Hyodo; Tadashi Miyashita; Tomonori Tsunoda
Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 40, 4, 364, 374, Elsevier BV, Apr. 2025
Scientific journal

How microclimate influences the spring phenological responses to decreased snow cover in four tree species seedlings in a boreal forest
Yihan Cai; Kiyoto Sawada; Kobayashi Makoto
Scientific Reports, 15, 1, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 28 Mar. 2025
Scientific journal

How do aboveground and belowground functional traits correlate with the demography of tree seedlings regenerated after landslide disturbances?
Ruiqi Zeng; Shunsuke Utsumi; Yuzhuo Fang; Karibu Fukuzawa; Toshiya Yoshida; Kobayashi Makoto
JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH, 03 Feb. 2025
English, Scientific journal

Belowground traits significantly differ between decreasing and increasing plant species in alpine meadows: implications for vegetation response to climate change
Haruka Kobayashi; Gaku Kudo; Karibu Fukuzawa; Osamu Seki; Kobayashi Makoto
Alpine Botany, 2025
Scientific journal

Oak Wilt Disease May Reduce the Initial Decay Rate of Dead Quercus serrata Stems by Altering Fungal Communities in the Wood
Yu Fukasawa; Satsuki Kimura; Yuji Kominami; Masahiro Takagi; Kimiyo Matsukura; Kobayashi Makoto; Satoshi N. Suzuki; Shuhei Takemoto; Nobuaki Tanaka; Mayuko Jomura; Kohmei Kadowaki; Masayuki Ushio; Haruo Kinuura; Satoshi Yamashita
Environmental Microbiology, 27, 1, e70026, e70026, Jan. 2025, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal

Physiological profiling of the soil microbe community using the EcoPlate and assessment of soil properties at 74 planted forest sites across Japan
Masahiro Nakamura; Chisato Terada; Kinya Ito; Tsutom Hiura; Hideaki Shibata; Takeshi Miki; Taku M. Saitoh; Masahiro Takagi; Toshiyuki Hougen; Shin‐ichiro S. Matsuzaki; Mirai Watanabe; Hiroyuki Tado; Norifumi Hotta; Yoshiko Kosugi; Nobuyuki Aiko; Nagahiro Kojima; Nana Katagiri; Koju Kishimoto; Tomohiro Yoshida; Yuuki Tsunoda; Tatsumi Takamiya; Kosuke Ito; Yasuhiro Utsumi; Tetsuro Yoshikawa; Tanaka Kenta; Miho Oda; Naoki Agetsuma; Masataka Kawai; Toru Fujita; Takuo Hishi; Hiromasa Shimada; Tomoaki Ichie; Kazuhiko Hoshizaki; Hajime Kobayashi; Tatsuyuki Seino; Mahoko Noguchi; Dai Nagamatsu; Haruo Saito; Ryunosuke Tateno; Masae Iwamoto Ishihara; Yoichiro Kitagawa; Yoko Hisamoto; Kosuke Homma; Toshihide Hirao; Tatsuya Otani; Motomu Toda; Jinshi Terada; Tomonori Kume; Karibu Fukuzawa; Atsushi Takashima; Koki Kurose; Sakae Fujii; Shunsuke Itoh; Tamihisa Ohta; Kazuhiko Otsuki; Takuo Nagaike; Kyohei Hasegawa; Kobayashi Makoto; Manabu Shirahata; Sawako Matsuki; Masayuki Hatanaka; Satoshi Suzuki; Noriyuki Muro; Tomoyuki Yamoto; Naoyuki Adachi; Nobuhiro Kaneko; Tamon Yamashita
Ecological Research, 40, 2, 228, 242, Wiley, 19 Dec. 2024
Scientific journal, Abstract

Due to policies supporting large‐scale expansion of plantation forestry, about 40% of the forests in Japan are planted forests, such as Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) and hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa). We present the largest freely available EcoPlate dataset for planted forests in Japan, comprising data collected from a network of 74 planted forest sites (114 plots) in regions ranging from cool‐temperate to subtropical. The EcoPlate is a 96‐well microplate that contains three sets of 31 “response wells” with different carbon substrates. The utilization of each carbon substrate by the microbial community is quantified based on the color development of the well during incubation, providing a multifunctional index of the soil microbial community. Soil properties (water content, carbon, nitrogen, the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, and pH) essential for interpreting the EcoPlate results were also analyzed. Using a standardized protocol, soil was sampled between July and November 2021. A preliminary principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) was performed on the temporal integration of color density using the 31 substrates. PCo1 explained 36.5% of the variance of the overall absorbance of all substrates. A model of environmental factors, including elevation, and a model of soil properties, including pH, water content, and carbon, were the best‐fit models. EcoPlate data allow us to test hypotheses related to community ecology and the ecosystem functions of the soil microbial community in planted forests on a regional scale. The complete data set for this abstract published in the Data Article section of the journal is available in electronic format in MetaCat in JaLTER at https://jalter.diasjp.net/data/ERDP-2024-08.

Cultural extinction under climate change: Threats to the indigenous use of giant conifers in northern forests
Kobayashi MAKOTO
Annals of Forest Research, 67, 2, 1, 4, Dec. 2024, [Peer-reviewed], [Invited], [Lead author, Corresponding author]

Post-landslide interactive effects of plant facilitation and rill erosion on tree seedling colonization toward restoration
Yuzhuo Fang; Ruiqi Zeng; Kobayashi Makoto; Shunsuke Utsumi
Forest Ecology and Management, 573, 122341, 122341, Elsevier BV, Dec. 2024
Scientific journal

Effects of different charcoal treatments on the growth of Japanese larch seedlings inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi
Laiye Qu; Mingjie Guo; Kobayashi Makoto; Yoko Watanabe; Gang Wu; Takayoshi Koike
Journal of Forestry Research, 36, 1, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 16 Nov. 2024
Scientific journal

Japonolirion osense, a close relative of the mycoheterotrophic genus Petrosavia, exhibits complete autotrophic capabilities
Tomáš Figura; Edita Tylová; Kenji Suetsugu; Sabino Alberto Bruno Izai Kikuchi; VSFT Merckx; Alexandra Gredová; Kobayashi Makoto; Jan Ponert; Marc-André Selosse
BMC Plant Biology, 24, 1, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 08 Nov. 2024
Scientific journal

Indirect effects of soil warming on litter decomposition via changes in litter quality of dominant tree species in three cool-temperate forests
Miki U. Ueda; Masahiro Nakamura; Tatsuro Nakaji; Kobayashi Makoto; Tsutom Hiura
Plant and Soil, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 19 Oct. 2024
Scientific journal

Forest structure explains spatial heterogeneity of decadal carbon dynamics in a cool-temperate forest
Kentaro Takagi; Kojiiro Hirayama; Masato Hayashi; Kobayashi Makoto; Keiji Okada; Hiroyuki Oguma; Nobuko Saigusa
Environmental Research Letters, 19, 11, 114022, 114022, IOP Publishing, 01 Oct. 2024
Scientific journal, Abstract

Accurate evaluation of forest biomass distribution and its long-term change over wide areas is required for effective forest carbon management and prediction of landscape-scale forest dynamics. We evaluated a landscape-scale (225 km²) decadal forest carbon budget at a 1 ha spatial resolution in a cool-temperate forest, by repeating airborne laser observations 10 years apart and partitioning net forest biomass change (FBC) into growth and mortality. Using >10 000 samples, we revealed that naturally regenerated forests have large spatial heterogeneity in net biomass change, and 3/4 of the photosynthetically acquired carbon stock moved to necromass even without anthropogenic disturbances. Actual carbon residence time as living tree biomass was estimated by dividing biomass by growth or mortality rates. The residence time was 107 and 106 years, respectively with large spatial variation among stands (48 and 42 years, respectively, as the difference between 25 and 75 percentile), although studied forest stands have small variation in the forest functional type in a landscape-scale. The best predictors of subsequent decadal biomass changes were two forest structural factors, mean canopy height and canopy height variation in addition to one environmental factor, elevation. Considering the long lifetime of trees, these structural factors may be an indicator of forest soundness rather than a cause of forest growth or mortality. However, in any cases, these structural factors can be powerful predictors of subsequent FBC.

Differential Influence of Soil Organic Carbon and Calcium on the Community of Lumbricid Earthworms as Ecosystem Engineers in Cool Temperate Forests of Hokkaido
T. Kawakami; K. Makoto
Eurasian Soil Science, Pleiades Publishing Ltd, 29 Aug. 2024
Scientific journal

Spring Growth Variation in Pioneer and Fibrous Roots in Abies sachalinensis Seedlings from Provenances with Contrasting Snow Cover Environments
Tetsuto Sugai; Wataru Ishizuka; Taiga Masumoto; Izuki Endo; Jun’ichiro Ide; Saki Fujita; Makoto Kobayashi; Naoki Makita
International Journal of Plant Sciences, 185, 2, 187, 197, University of Chicago Press, 01 Mar. 2024
Scientific journal

Which native legume or non-legume nitrogen-fixing tree is more efficient in restoring post-landslide forests along an environmental gradient?
Kobayashi Makoto; Shunsuke Utsumi; Ruiqi Zeng; Wataru Mamiya; Tohru Miyazaki; Tomohiro Okuyama; Fumiya Tanaka; Takashi Yamada; Toshiya Yoshida
Forest Ecology and Management, 554, 121672, 121672, Elsevier BV, Feb. 2024
Scientific journal

Long-term Consequences on Soil Fungal Community Structure: Monoculture Planting and Natural Regeneration.
Minagi Naka; Shota Masumoto; Keita Nishizawa; Shunsuke Matsuoka; Shinichi Tatsumi; Yuta Kobayashi; Kureha F Suzuki; Xinyu Xu; Tomoya Kawakami; Noboru Katayama; Kobayashi Makoto; Kei-Ichi Okada; Masaki Uchida; Kentaro Takagi; Akira S Mori
Environmental management, 15 Dec. 2023, [Peer-reviewed], [International Magazine]
English, Scientific journal, Understanding the regeneration and succession of belowground communities, particularly in forests, is vital for maintaining ecosystem health. Despite its importance, there is limited knowledge regarding how fungal communities change over time during ecosystem development, especially under different forest restoration strategies. In this study, we focused on two restoration methods used in northern Japan: monoculture planting and natural regeneration. We examined the responses of the fungal community to monoculture plantations (active tree planting) and naturally regenerated (passive regeneration) forests over a 50-year chronosequence, using natural forests as a reference. Based on DNA metabarcoding, we assessed the richness of fungal Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and their dissimilarity. Our findings revealed that soil fungal richness remained stable after natural regeneration but declined in monoculture plantations, from 354 to 247 OTUs. While the compositional dissimilarity of fungal assemblages between monoculture plantations and natural forests remained consistent regardless of the time since tree planting, it significantly decreased after natural regeneration, suggesting recovery to a state close to the reference level. Notably, the composition of key functional fungal groups-saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal- has increasingly mirrored that of natural forests over time following passive natural regeneration. In summary, our study suggests that monoculture plantations may not be effective for long-term ecosystem function and service recovery because of their limited support for soil fungal diversity. These results underscore the importance of natural regeneration in forest restoration and management strategies.

Is the Fine Root Tensile Strength Predictable from Structural and Morphological Traits across Mycorrhizal Types in Cool-Temperate Woody Species?
Ruiqi Zeng; Kobayashi Makoto
Forests, 14, 8, 1542, 1542, MDPI AG, 28 Jul. 2023
Scientific journal, The mycorrhizal type affects the structure and functions of tree roots. Therefore, the mechanical traits of the roots of tree species with different types of mycorrhizal fungi may be linked to different root functional traits. Fine roots, in particular, are closely related to the root structure and are also important for slope protection. However, the relationship among the mycorrhizal types of trees, root mechanical traits, and root structure remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the link between fine root tensile strength (Tr) and root morphological and/or structural traits in temperate trees with different mycorrhizal types. We investigated the seedlings of 15 dominant tree species in the cool temperate forests of northern Japan. For each species, fine root Tr and other five common root morphological and structural traits were measured. There was a significant positive correlation between total fine root biomass and fine root Tr consistently, even in the analysis of mycorrhizal types (arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), and ectomycorrhizae (EM)). Our findings indicate that the root structural trait is an important driver of fine root Tr, especially for AM and EM species, and suggest that including a plant-mycorrhizal framework in future work offers great potential to improve our understanding of forest restoration.

How do leaf functional traits and age influence the maximum rooting depth of trees?
Kobayashi Makoto; Ryo Kitagawa; Gesche Blume-Werry
European Journal of Forest Research, 142, 5, 1197, 1206, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 12 Jun. 2023
Scientific journal

Effects of natural regeneration and monospecies planting on organic matter decomposition
Takeuchi Rie; Nishizawa Keita; Kobayashi Yuta; Masumoto Shota; Suzuki Kureha F; Kawakami Tomoya; Kobayashi Makoto; Katayama Noboru; Okada Keiichi; Tatsumi Shinnichi; Matsuoka Shunsuke; Uchida Masaki; Takagi Kentaro; Mori Akira S
The Japanese Forest Society Congress, 134, 647, THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY, 30 May 2023
English, [in Japanese]

A large‐scale field experiment of artificially caused landslides with replications revealed the response of the ground‐dwelling beetle community to landslides
Jumpei Furusawa; Kobayashi Makoto; Shunsuke Utsumi
Ecology and Evolution, 13, 3, Wiley, 24 Mar. 2023
Scientific journal, Abstract

Precipitation‐induced landslides, which are predicted to increase under the changing climate, may have large impacts on insect community properties. However, understanding of how insect community properties shift following landslides remains limited because replicated research involving landslides, which are large‐scale disturbances with stochastic natural causes, is difficult. To tackle this issue, we conducted a large‐scale field experiment by artificially causing landslides at multiple sites. We established 12 landslide sites, each 35 m × 35 m, and 6 undisturbed sites in both planted and natural forests and collected ground‐dwelling beetles 1 year later. We found that forest type (i.e., pre‐disturbance vegetation) did not affect the structure of a ground‐dwelling beetle community disturbed by a landslide (landslide community), but the structure of an undisturbed community was affected by forest type. Moreover, the structures of landslide and undisturbed communities were completely different, possibly because landslides create harsh environments that act as an ecological filter. Thus, a niche‐selection process may have a critical role in community assembly at landslide sites. There were no significant differences in species diversity between undisturbed and landslide communities, suggesting that landslides to not reduce species richness overall. However, among‐site variability in species composition was much greater at landslide sites than at undisturbed sites. This result suggests that stochastic colonization predominated at the landslide sites more than undisturbed sites. Synthesis and applications. Overall, our results suggest that both deterministic and stochastic processes are critical in community assembly, at least in the early post‐landslide stage. Our large‐scale manipulative field experiment with replications has thus resulted in new insights into biological community properties after a landslide.

Influence of Earlier Snowmelt on the Seedling Growth of Six Subboreal Tree Species in the Spring
Erica Marumo; Miki U. Ueda; Osamu Seki; Kentaro Takagi; Kobayashi Makoto
Forests, 14, 3, 600, 600, MDPI AG, 17 Mar. 2023
Scientific journal, Climate warming is advancing snowmelt timing in the spring at high latitudes. To predict tree growth in subboreal forests under warmer climates based on mechanistic understanding, it is important to assess how advancing snowmelt influences tree growth in the spring via ecophysiological changes in subboreal forests. In this study, we conducted a field manipulation experiment of snowmelt timing and investigated the response of tree growth, leaf functional traits, and bud-burst phenology in the spring for the seedlings of six dominant tree species in subboreal forests. We found that the spring growth of only one species (Kalopanax septemlobus) out of six species responded positively to advancing snowmelt. Among the leaf functional traits (leaf mass per area, leaf nitrogen content, leaf δ13C value, leaf dry matter content, and leaf area) and bud-burst phenology, only the increase in leaf area was linked to the enhanced shoot growth of K. septemlobus. The significant change in K. septemlobus might be associated with its ecological characteristics to prefer regeneration in canopy gaps. These results indicate that advancing snowmelt under warmer winters can be beneficial for tree species that can plastically develop leaf area in Japanese subboreal forests.

Does ontogeny matter for the spring temperature requirement for bud burst of two coniferous species in cool temperate forests?
Kobayashi Makoto
Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 53, 3, 203, 209, Canadian Science Publishing, 01 Mar. 2023
Scientific journal, Spring leaf phenology is an important event for trees to determine carbon fixation during the growing season. However, less is understood about the intraspecific variation in spring leaf phenology and its relationship with the spring temperature requirements of conifers, which is problematic for accurately predicting the influence of spring climate warming on conifers. I monitored bud burst timing and the degree days required for bud burst for seedlings and large individuals of Abies sachalinensis (fir) and Larix kaempferi (larch) over two seasons in northern Japan. Contrary to my expectation, the degree days required for the bud burst of small individuals were similar to or larger than those of the large individuals for fir and larch. Consequently, the bud burst timing of small individuals was similar to or later than that of large individuals for fir and larch. Even when conifer species are in their early stage, the spring temperature requirement for bud burst is not necessarily less than that for large individuals, which is not the case for many broad-leaved species. These results indicate that for these two coniferous species, ontogenetic differences in temperature requirements are not necessary to be considered for the response of communities to spring climate change.

Regulation of the growth of sprouting roots of black locust seedlings using root barrier panels
Satoshi Kitaoka; Shiro Matsunami; Yannan Wang; Saki Fujita; Kobayashi Makoto; Toshiyuki Hirata; Takayoshi Koike
Journal of Forestry Research, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 30 Aug. 2022, [Peer-reviewed]
Scientific journal, Abstract

How can we regulate an invasive alien species of high commercial value? Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) has a unique capacity for seed dispersal and high germination. Field surveys indicate that black locust increases its growing area with sprouting roots and the elongation of horizontal roots at a soil depth of 10 cm. Therefore, a method to regulate the development of horizontal roots could be effective in slowing the invasiveness of black locust. In this study, root barrier panels were tested to inhibit the growth of horizontal roots. Since it is labor intensive to observe the growth of roots in the field, it was investigated in a nursery setting. The decrease in secondary flush, an increase in yellowed leaflets, and the height in the seedlings were measured. Installing root barrier panels to a depth of 30 cm effectively inhibit the growth of horizontal roots of young black locust.

Early snowmelt by an extreme warming event affects understory more than overstory trees in Japanese temperate forests
Kobayashi Makoto; Pamela H. Templer; Ayumi Katayama; Osamu Seki; Kentaro Takagi
ECOSPHERE, 13, 7, Jul. 2022
English, Scientific journal

Influence of soil properties on the heartwood colour of Juglans mandshurica var. sachalinensis in a cool temperate forest
Kobayashi Makoto; Elizaveta Susloparova; Ikutaro Tsuyama; Takuya Shimase; Satoshi Nakaba; Naoki Takahashi; Toshiya Yoshida
Journal of Wood Science, 67, 1, Dec. 2021
English, Scientific journal

Response of Background Herbivory in Mature Birch Trees to Global Warming
Masahiro Nakamura; Moeko Minoshima; Chisato Terada; Kentaro Takagi; Kobayashi Makoto; Hideaki Shibata; Tsutom Hiura
Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, Frontiers Media SA, 22 Sep. 2021
Scientific journal, Given the time scale based on the duration of exposure to global warming, natural climate-gradient studies and experimental manipulations have detected long-term (decades to centuries) and short-term (years to decades) ecological responses to global warming. Combination of these two complementary approaches within a single study may enable prediction of the likely responses of ecological processes to global warming. To understand how global warming affects plant–herbivore interactions within a canopy of Erman’s birch, we combined an elevational gradient study and a warming experiment involving mature birch trees in which the soil and tree branches were warmed separately. In the elevational gradient study, herbivory by chewing insects and plant growth increased as elevation decreased, and the concentrations of condensed tannins and total phenolics in the leaves decreased. In the warming experiment, soil warming alone increased herbivory, and the addition of branch warming amplified the effect on herbivory. Soil warming alone decreased the tannin concentration, and the addition of branch warming led to a further reduction. The variation in herbivory was best explained by the tannin content of leaves. Our experimental results demonstrate that the decreased tannin content of leaves due to a combination of soil and branch warming was an important driver of increased herbivory in the canopy of the mature birch trees. The similar tendencies in the short- and long-term responses imply that global warming is likely to increase background herbivory in mature birch trees by decreasing the tannin content of leaves in the canopy.

Prolonged impacts of past agriculture and ungulate overabundance on soil fungal communities in restored forests
Shinichi Tatsumi; Shunsuke Matsuoka; Saori Fujii; Kobayashi Makoto; Takashi Osono; Forest Isbell; Akira S. Mori
Environmental DNA, 3, 5, 930, 939, Wiley, Sep. 2021
Scientific journal

Patterns of community composition and diversity in latent fungi of living Quercus serrata trunks across a range of oak wilt prevalence and climate variables in Japan
Yu Fukasawa; Kimiyo Matsukura; Jörg G. Stephan; Kobayashi Makoto; Satoshi N. Suzuki; Yuji Kominami; Masahiro Takagi; Nobuaki Tanaka; Shuhei Takemoto; Haruo Kinuura; Kunihiro Okano; Zewei Song; Mayuko Jomura; Kohmei Kadowaki; Satoshi Yamashita; Masayuki Ushio
Fungal Ecology, 101095, 101095, Elsevier BV, Jul. 2021
Scientific journal

Charcoal ecology: Its function as a hub for plant succession and soil nutrient cycling in boreal forests
Kobayashi Makoto; Takayoshi Koike
Ecological Research, 36, 1, 4, 12, Wiley, 08 Oct. 2020, [Peer-reviewed]
Scientific journal

Timing of bud burst of smaller individuals is not always earlier than that of larger trees in a cool-temperate forest with heavy snow
Erika Marumo; Kentaro Takagi; Kobayashi Makoto
Journal of Forest Research, 25, 4, 285, 290, Informa UK Limited, 03 Jul. 2020, [Peer-reviewed]
Scientific journal

Synchronous and asynchronous root and shoot phenology in temperate woody seedlings
Kobayashi Makoto; Scott D. Wilson; Takao Sato; Gesche Blume‐Werry; Johannes H. C. Cornelissen
Oikos, 129, 5, 643, 650, Wiley, May 2020, [Peer-reviewed]
Scientific journal

Intraspecific differentiation in the root system of Potentilla matsumurae along a snow accumulation gradient in mid-altitude alpine environment
Kobayashi Makoto; Gaku Kudo
Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 52, 1, 408, 415, Informa UK Limited, 01 Jan. 2020, [Peer-reviewed]
Scientific journal

Globally consistent climate sensitivity of natural disturbances across boreal and temperate forest ecosystems
Rupert Seidl; Juha Honkaniemi; Tuomas Aakala; Alexey Aleinikov; Per Angelstam; Mathieu Bouchard; Yan Boulanger; Philip J. Burton; Louis De Grandpré; Sylvie Gauthier; Winslow D. Hansen; Jane U. Jepsen; Kalev Jõgiste; Daniel D. Kneeshaw; Timo Kuuluvainen; Olga Lisitsyna; Kobayashi Makoto; Akira S. Mori; Deepa S. Pureswaran; Ekaterina Shorohova; Elena Shubnitsina; Anthony R. Taylor; Nadezhda Vladimirova; Floortje Vodde; Cornelius Senf
Ecography, 2020, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Where and when does dispersal limitation matters in primary succession?
Makoto, K; Wilson, S.D
Journal of Ecology, 107, 559, 565, Jan. 2019, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

The effect of snow reduction and Eisenia japonica earthworm traits on soil nitrogen dynamics in spring in a cool-temperate forest.
Makoto, K; Bryanin, S.V; Takagi, K
Applied Soil Ecology, 144, 1, 7, 2019, [Peer-reviewed]
Scientific journal

Harmonized data on early stage litter decomposition using tea material across Japan.
Suzuki; S.N; authors including; Makoto, K
Ecological Research, 34, 5, 575, 576, 2019, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Earthworms under 1 m of snow: the seasonal dynamics of earthworm abundance in cool-temperate forests with heavy snowfall
Makoto, K; Kawakami, T
Edaphologia, 105, 15, 23, 2019, [Peer-reviewed]

Warming increased feeding of a root-chewing insect at soil surface and enhanced its damage on a grass.
Tsunoda, T; Makoto, K; Suzuki, J.I; Kaneko, N
Soil Biology and Biochemistry, in press, Sep. 2018, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Winter warming effects on tundra shrub performance are species-specific and dependent on spring conditions
Eveline J. Krab; Jonas Roennefarth; Marina Becher; Gesche Blume-Werry; Frida Keuper; Jonatan Klaminder; Juergen Kreyling; Kobayashi Makoto; Ann Milbau; Ellen Dorrepaal
Journal of Ecology, 106, 2, 599, 612, 01 Mar. 2018, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Fire-derived charcoal might promote fine root decomposition in boreal forests
Semyon Bryanin; Evgeniya Abramova; Kobayashi Makoto
Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 116, 1, 3, 01 Jan. 2018, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Environmental DNA enables detection of terrestrial mammals from forest pond water
Masayuki Ushio; Hisato Fukuda; Toshiki Inoue; Kobayashi Makoto; Osamu Kishida; Keiichi Sato; Koichi Murata; Masato Nikaido; Tetsuya Sado; Yukuto Sato; Masamichi Takeshita; Wataru Iwasaki; Hiroki Yamanaka; Michio Kondoh; Masaki Miya
MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, 17, 6, e63, e75, Nov. 2017, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Interactive effects of charcoal and earthworm activity increase bioavailable phosphorus in sub-boreal forest soils.
Pingree, M.R.A; Makoto, K; DeLuca, T.H
Biology and Fertility of Soils, 53, 8, 873, 884, Aug. 2017, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Fire-derived charcoal affects fine root vitality in a post-fire Gmelin larch forest: field evidence
Semyon V. Bryanin; Kobayashi Makoto
PLANT AND SOIL, 416, 1-2, 409, 418, Jul. 2017, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Does an earthworm species acclimatize and/or adapt to soil calcium conditions? The consequences of soil nitrogen mineralization in forest soil
Tomoya Kawakami; Kobayashi Makoto
ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 32, 4, 603, 610, Jul. 2017, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Disentangling relationships between plant diversity and decomposition processes under forest restoration
Saori Fujii; Akira S. Mori; Dai Koide; Kobayashi Makoto; Shunsuke Matsuoka; Takashi Osono; Forest Isbell
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY, 54, 1, 80, 90, Feb. 2017, [Peer-reviewed]
English

Recent progress in ecological studies of soil fauna
Motohiro Hasegawa; Saori Fujii; Satoshi Kaneda; Hiroshi Ikeda; Takuo Hishi; Fujio Hyodo; Makoto Kobayashi
Japanese Journal of Ecology, 67, 2, 95, 118, Tohoku University, 2017, [Peer-reviewed]
Japanese, Scientific journal

Comparison of fatty acid methyl ester methods for characterization of microbial communities in forest and arable soil: Phospholipid fraction (PLFA) versus total ester linked fatty acids (EL-FAME)
Miura T; Makoto K; Niwa S; Kaneko N; Sakamoto K
Pedobiologia, 63, 14, 18, 2017, [Peer-reviewed]

Leaf flushing and shedding, bud and flower production, and stem elongation in tall birch trees subjected to increases in aboveground temperature
Masahiro Nakamura; Kobayashi Makoto; Motonobu Tanaka; Taiki Inoue; Yowhan Son; Tsutom Hiura
TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, 30, 5, 1535, 1541, Oct. 2016, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Differences in soil type drive the intraspecific variation in the responses of an earthworm species and, consequently, tree growth to warming
Kobayashi Makoto; Yukio Minamiya; Nobuhiro Kaneko
PLANT AND SOIL, 404, 1-2, 209, 218, Jul. 2016, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

New Multicentury Evidence for Dispersal Limitation during Primary Succession
K. Makoto; Scott D. Wilson
AMERICAN NATURALIST, 187, 6, 804, 811, Jun. 2016, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Dwarf pine invasion in an alpine tundra of discontinuous permafrost area: effects on fine root and soil carbon dynamics
Kobayashi Makoto; S. V. Bryanin; V. V. Lisovsky; K. Kushida; N. Wada
TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, 30, 2, 431, 439, Apr. 2016, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Low multifunctional redundancy of soil fungal diversity at multiple scales
Akira S. Mori; Forest Isbell; Saori Fujii; Kobayashi Makoto; Shunsuke Matsuoka; Takashi Osono
ECOLOGY LETTERS, 19, 3, 249, 259, Mar. 2016, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

初冬期に北海道北部の河川水中で発見された大量の陸棲ミミズ: 一斉移動への示唆.
小林真; 南谷幸雄; 竹内史郎; 奥田篤志; 金子信博
Edaphologia, 97, 37, 40, 2015, [Peer-reviewed]
Japanese

High-throughput sequencing shows inconsistent results with a microscope-based analysis of the soil prokaryotic community
Masayuki Ushio; Kobayashi Makoto; Jonatan Klaminder; Hiroyuki Takasu; Shin-ichi Nakano
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY, 76, 53, 56, Sep. 2014, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Tips for the next phase of winter climate-change study in plant-soil systems
Kobayashi Makoto
ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 29, 4, 511, 515, Jul. 2014, [Peer-reviewed]
English

Winter climate change, plant traits and nutrient and carbon cycling in cold biomes
Johannes H. C. Cornelissen; Kobayashi Makoto
ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 29, 4, 517, 527, Jul. 2014, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Winter climate change in plant-soil systems: summary of recent findings and future perspectives
Kobayashi Makoto; Takuya Kajimoto; Lina Koyama; Gaku Kudo; Hideaki Shibata; Yosuke Yanai; J. H. C. Cornelissen
ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 29, 4, 593, 606, Jul. 2014, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Change the menu? Species-dependent feeding responses of millipedes to climate warming and the consequences for plant-soil nitrogen dynamics
Kobayashi Makoto; Miwa Arai; Nobuhiro Kaneko
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY, 72, 19, 25, May 2014, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

High nitrogen deposition may enhance growth of a new hybrid larch F-1 growing at two phosphorus levels
QiaoZhi Mao; Makoto Watanabe; Kobayashi Makoto; Kazuhito Kita; Takayoshi Koike
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING, 10, 1, 1, 8, Jan. 2014, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

CARD-FISH analysis of prokaryotic community composition and abundance along small-scale vegetation gradients in a dry arctic tundra ecosystem
Masayuki Ushio; Kobayashi Makoto; Jonatan Klaminder; Shin-Ichi Nakano
Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 64, 147, 154, Sep. 2013, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

High-resolution multispectral satellite image and a postfire ground survey reveal prefire beetle damage on snags in Southern Alaska
Kobayashi Makoto; Hiroshi Tani; Naoto Kamata
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH, 28, 6, 581, 585, Sep. 2013, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Physical mixing between humus and mineral matter found in cryoturbated soils increases short-term heterotrophic respiration rates
Klaminder J; Giesler R; Makoto K
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY, 57, 922, 924, Feb. 2013, [Peer-reviewed]

The influence of non-sorted circles on species diversity of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens in Sub-Arctic Tundra
K. Makoto; J. Klaminder
POLAR BIOLOGY, 35, 11, 1659, 1667, Nov. 2012, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Contribution of charcoal to short-term nutrient dynamics after surface fire in the humus layer of a dwarf bamboo-dominated forest
K. Makoto; H. Shibata; Y. S. Kim; T. Satomura; K. Takagi; M. Nomura; F. Satoh; T. Koike
BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS, 48, 5, 569, 577, Jul. 2012, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Photosynthetic nitrogen- and water-use efficiency of acacia and eucalypt seedlings as afforestation species
E. Novriyanti; M. Watanabe; K. Makoto; T. Takeda; Y. Hashidoko; T. Koike
PHOTOSYNTHETICA, 50, 2, 273, 281, Jun. 2012, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Bark-beetle-attacked trees produced more charcoal than unattacked trees during a forest fire on the Kenai Peninsula, Southern Alaska
K. Makoto; N. Kamata; N. Kamibayashi; T. Koike; H. Tani
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH, 27, 1, 30, 35, 2012, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Effects of fire-derived charcoal on soil properties and seedling regeneration in a recently burned Larix gmelinii/Pinus sylvestris forest
Kobayashi Makoto; Muneto Hirobe; Thomas H. DeLuca; Semyon V. Bryanin; Valentina F. Procopchuk; Takayoshi Koike
JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS, 11, 8, 1317, 1322, Dec. 2011, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Greenhouse gas emissions after a prescribed fire in white birch-dwarf bamboo stands in northern Japan, focusing on the role of charcoal
Yong Suk Kim; Kobayashi Makoto; Fumiaki Takakai; Hideaki Shibata; Takami Satomura; Kentaro Takagi; Ryusuke Hatano; Takayoshi Koike
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH, 130, 6, 1031, 1044, Nov. 2011, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

The growth of Larix gmelinii seedlings as affected by charcoal produced at two different temperatures
Kobayashi Makoto; Dongsu Choi; Yasuyuki Hashidoko; Takayoshi Koike
BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS, 47, 4, 467, 472, May 2011, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

木炭・竹炭を用いた土壌中からの放射性セシウムの除去の可能性
小林真
大気環境学会誌, 46, 4, 217, 223, 2011, [Peer-reviewed]
Japanese, Scientific journal

Buried charcoal layer and ectomycorrhizae cooperatively promote the growth of Larix gmelinii seedlings
K. Makoto; Y. Tamai; Y. S. Kim; T. Koike
PLANT AND SOIL, 327, 1-2, 143, 152, Feb. 2010
English, Scientific journal

Combinational effects of insect outbreak and forest fire on the decomposition of logs: a case study in spruce forests, southeastern Alaska
Kobayashi Makoto; Kamata Naoto; Jyomura Mayuko; Kamibayashi Norihisa; Koike Takayoshi; Tani Hiroshi
The Japanese Forest Society Congress, 121, 450, 450, THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY, 2010
Japanese

Root-shoot communication of the seedlings of Japanese larch and a hybrid species grown in different soil-temperature regimes
L. Y. Qu; S. Kitaoka; K. Makoto; M. Kuromaru; M. Osaki; K. Sasa; H. Utsugi; T. Koike
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING, 5, 2, 115, 123, Jul. 2009, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Seed germination and seedling physiology of Larix kaempferi and Pinus densiflora in seedbeds with charcoal and elevated CO2
Dongsu Choi; Kobayashi Makoto; Ali M. Quoreshi; Laiye Qu
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING, 5, 2, 107, 113, Jul. 2009, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Nutrient dynamics and carbon partitioning in larch seedlings (Larix kaempferi) regenerated on serpentine soil in northern Japan
Masazumi Kayama; Kobayashi Makoto; Mutsumi Nomura; Fuyuki Satoh; Takayoshi Koike
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING, 5, 2, 125, 135, Jul. 2009, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Estimation of carbon storage, carbon inputs, and soil CO2 efflux of alder plantations on granite soil in central Korea: comparison with Japanese larch plantation
Yong-Suk Kim; Myong-Jong Yi; Yoon-Young Lee; Makoto Kobayashi; Yowhan Son
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING, 5, 2, 157, 166, Jul. 2009, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Growth characteristics of Sakhalin spruce (Picea glehnii) planted on the northern Japanese hillsides exposed to strong winds
Masazumi Kayama; Kobayashi Makoto; Mutsumi Nomura; Kaichiro Sasa; Takayoshi Koike
TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, 23, 1, 145, 157, Feb. 2009, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

Effects of nitrogen supply on photosynthetic and anatomical changes in current-year needles of Pinus koraiensis seedlings grown under two irradiances
K. Makoto; T. Koike
PHOTOSYNTHETICA, 45, 1, 99, 104, 2007, [Peer-reviewed]
English, Scientific journal

マッドボイルの植生が語ること
小林真, 極地, 57, 42, 46, 2021, [Peer-reviewed], [Invited], [Lead author]
Introduction scientific journal

Biogeography of fungal community associated with early decay stages of Quercus serrata logs
Fukasawa Yu; Matsukura Kimiyo; Kobayashi Makoto; Suzuki Satoshi; Kominami Yuji; Takagi Masahiro; Tanaka Nobuaki; Takemoto Shuhei; Kinuura Haruo; Okano Kunihiro; Jomura Mayuko; Kadowaki Kohmei; Yamashita Satoshi; Ushio Masayuki, The Japanese Forest Society Congress, 131, 216, 25 May 2020
[in Japanese], THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY, Japanese

山火事でつくられる炭の自然界での役割
小林真, グリーンエイジ, 591, 9, 12, 2020, [Invited], [Lead author]

和歌山県固有植物キイシモツケの蛇紋岩土壌への適応と分子系統学によるイワシモツケおよびトサシモツケとの比較
明渡絵里朱; 平田智子; 上井和幸; 髙木祐子; 水野隆文; 水野直治; 小林真; 小池孝良; 大和勝幸; 秋田求; 泉井桂, 近畿大学先端技術総合研究所紀要, 21, 33, 47, 2016
Japanese, Report research institution

冬の温暖化と北国の森
小林真, 森林科学, 50, 50, 51, 2014
日本森林学会, Japanese, Introduction scientific journal

窒素負荷に対するグイマツ雑種F1幼木の生理生態学的応答は立地環境により異なるか？—リンの利用可能量に注目して—
小林真; 毛 巧芝; 渡辺誠; 来田和人; 小池孝良, 森林遺伝育種, 2, 149, 153, 2013
Japanese, Introduction scientific journal

バイオ炭の効能
小林真, 森林技術, 383, 238, 2011

土壌中の放射性セシウムを木炭・竹炭で浄化する
小林真, 森林技術, 385, 23, 27, 2011
Japanese, Introduction scientific journal

落葉広葉樹林での山火事後の高木類実生の更新に樹冠とササが及ぼす影響
佐藤香織; 小林真; 斎藤秀之; 澁谷正人; 小池孝良, 日本森林学会大会学術講演集(CD−ROM), 121st, ROMBUNNO.PA2-16, 02 Apr. 2010
Japanese

Allometric relationships and carbon and nitrogen contents for three major tree species (Quercus crispula, Betula ermanii, and Abies sachalinensis) in northern Hokkaido, Japan
Takagi, K; Kotsuka, C; Fukuzawa, K; Kayama, M; Makoto, K; Nomura, M; Fukazawa, T; Takahashi, H; Hoyo, H; Ashiya, D; Naniwa, A; Sugata, S; Kamiura, T; Sugishita, Y; Sakai, R; Ito, K; Kobayashi, M; Maebayashi, M; Mizuno, M; Murayama, T; Kinoshita, K; Fujiwara, D; Hashida, S; Shibata, H; Yoshida, T; Sasa, K; Saigusa, N; Fujinuma, Y; Akibayashi, Y, Eurasian Journal of Forest Research, 13, 1, 7, 2010
English, Report research institution

The structure and biodiversity after fire disturbance in Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr forests, Northern Asia
Zyryanova, O.A; Yaborov, V.T; Tchikhacheva, T.L; Koike, T; Makoto, K; Matsuura, Y; Satoh, F; Zryanov, V, Eurasian Journal of Forest Research, 10, 1, 19, 29, 2007
Review, Hokkaido University Forests,EFRC, English, Report research institution

Regeneration after forest fires in mixed conifer broad-leaved forests of the Amur region of Far Eastern Russia: the relationship between species specific traits against fire and recent fire regimes
Makoto, K; Nemilostiv, Y.P; Zyryanova, O.A; Kajimoto, T; Matsuura, Y; Yoshida, T; Satoh, F; Sasa, K; Koike T, Eurasian Journal of Forest Research, 10, 51, 58, 2007
English, Report research institution

森の根の生態学
平野, 恭弘; 野口, 享太郎; 大橋, 瑞江, 2.3 根の季節動態 / 4.2 温度上昇に対する樹木根の応答
Dec. 2020

木本植物の生理生態
小池, 孝良; 北尾, 光俊; 市栄, 智明; 渡辺, 誠(農学), 10.3 樹木と土壌動物の関係 / コラム11.3 山火事と落葉のかたち
共立出版, Nov. 2020, 9784320058125, xvi, 235p, 図版 [8] p, Japanese

生態系生態学（第2版）
小林真, 第11章 生態系プロセスへの種の影響
森北出版株式会社., Aug. 2018, [Joint translation]

生物学者、地球を行く
小林真; 工藤岳
文一総合出版, Mar. 2018, [Joint editor]

北海道の森林
小林真, 木炭の利用
北海道新聞出版部, Dec. 2011, [Joint work]

Permafrost Ecosystems: Siberian Larch Forests
Qu, L; Makoto, K; Choi, D.S; Quoreshi, A.M; Koike T, The role of ectomycorrhiza in boreal forest ecosystem
Springer, 2010, [Joint work]

北の森づくりQ&A
小林真, 山火事の功罪は?
北方林業会, 2009, [Joint work]

大学院共通授業科目（一般科目）：自然科学・応用科学, 2024年, 修士課程, 大学院共通科目

北方生態系の生物多様性基礎論, 2024年, 修士課程, 環境科学院

地球雪氷学実習Ⅱ, 2024年, 修士課程, 環境科学院

大学院共通授業科目（教育プログラム）：南極学, 2024年, 修士課程, 大学院共通科目

森林圏科学特論Ⅳ, 2024年, 修士課程, 環境科学院

森林動態実習, 2024年, 学士課程, 農学部

一般教育演習(ﾌﾚｯｼｭﾏﾝｾﾐﾅｰ), 2024年, 学士課程, 全学教育

一般教育演習(ﾌﾚｯｼｭﾏﾝｾﾐﾅｰ), 2024年, 学士課程, 全学教育

森林空間機能学, 2024年, 学士課程, 農学部

森林空間機能学演習, 2024年, 学士課程, 農学部

Latitudinal Gradient of Tree Diversity Driven by Plant-Soil Microbial Feedback
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
01 Apr. 2026 - 31 Mar. 2031
門脇 浩明; 内海 俊介; 深澤 遊; ARMITAGE David; 山尾 僚; 篠原 直登; 小林 真; 黒川 紘子; 片山 歩美
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Osaka Metropolitan University, 26H02337

Impacts of multiple disturbances and climate change on the sustainability of nature-based coexistence systems in Hokkaido forests
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
01 Apr. 2026 - 31 Mar. 2030
中村 誠宏; 福澤 加里部; 鈴木 智之; 飯島 勇人; 中路 達郎; 明石 信廣; 小林 真; 日浦 勉
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University, 26K03125

巨木の森が形作る氾濫原環境と森と川の食物網の結びつきが巨魚と多様な生物群集を育む
科学研究費助成事業
01 Apr. 2025 - 31 Mar. 2029
宇野 裕美; 森田 健太郎; 小林 真
日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(B), 東北大学, 25K03302

Parallel urban evolution drives plant-soil interactions and biological resistance
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
01 Apr. 2024 - 31 Mar. 2028
内海 俊介; 門脇 浩明; 片山 昇; 山尾 僚; 小林 真
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Hokkaido University, 24H00507

Will the disturbace modify the effect of climate change on trees in a temperate-boreal forest ecotone
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
01 Apr. 2024 - 31 Mar. 2027
小林 真; 関 宰; 小出 大; 中村 誠宏
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University, 24K01791

東ユーラシア低～高緯度域を縦断した大気－森林生態系の物質交換機能解明
科学研究費助成事業
10 Sep. 2021 - 31 Mar. 2026
熊谷 朝臣; 村岡 裕由; 福田 健二; 久米 朋宣; 清水 貴範; 中路 達郎; 斎藤 琢; 植山 雅仁; 小林 真; 日浦 勉; 飯田 真一; 市榮 智明; 宮沢 良行; 中村 誠宏
日本学術振興会, 学術変革領域研究(A), 東京大学, 21H05316

土壌マイクロプラスチックが土壌生物の活動と土壌団粒形成に及ぼす影響
科学研究費助成事業
01 Apr. 2021 - 31 Mar. 2026
長尾 眞希; 勝見 尚也; 小林 真
日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(B), 筑波大学, 23K21160

土壌マイクロプラスチックが土壌生物の活動と土壌団粒形成に及ぼす影響
科学研究費助成事業
01 Apr. 2021 - 31 Mar. 2026
長尾 眞希; 勝見 尚也; 小林 真
日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(B), 筑波大学, 21H02086

Evaluation of long-term carbon dynamics of northern forests and their dependencies on environment and forest structure using remote sensing and ground surveys
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
01 Apr. 2022 - 31 Mar. 2025
高木 健太郎; 吉田 俊也; 小林 真; 佐藤 永; 森 章
北海道大学天塩研究林において航空機レーザ―測量を行い、2022年の樹冠表面標高(DSM)と2014年の地盤標高（DTM）の差分として樹冠高を1mメッシュで評価した。樹冠高の１ha平均値と森林バイオマスとの既存の関係を用いて、1haメッシュで2022年の森林バイオマスを評価するとともに、2014年から2022年までの森林バイオマスの変化量を評価した。この期間、森林バイオマスは年平均0.87±0.91 MgC/ha（n=23241）増加していた。この量は2004年から2014年の年平均値(0.42±0.66 MgC/ha)のおおよそ２倍であり、特に増加量が-0.5～1MgC/ha/年の林分が減少し、1～3MgC/ha/年の林分が増加していた。
航空機レーザ測量によって評価した1haメッシュの森林バイオマス分布を地上検証データとして利用し、使用権料の発生しない衛星情報を利用して森林バイオマスを推定する機械学習モデルを開発した。モデルによる森林バイオマスの再現能力は決定係数が0.77、相対平均標準誤差が21.7%であった。
長期観察林の観測情報より得られた北方林の森林動態に関するパラメータを組み込んだ個体ベースの森林動態モデルを開発した。研究対象地域においては、標高と地形湿潤度が森林のバイオマスや針葉樹の割合に影響を与えており、各樹種について、乾燥・湿潤耐性や定着率、枯死率を調整することにより、実際の森林タイプの分布パターンを再現することができた。75年シミュレーションの森林バイオマスが一番再現性が高く、これには同程度の頻度で出現する壊滅的な台風の影響を受けている可能性が示唆された。しかし針葉樹/広葉樹の割合を再現するにはさらなるモデルの改良が必要である。
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University, 23K23643

Evaluation of long-term carbon dynamics of northern forests and their dependencies on environment and forest structure using remote sensing and ground surveys
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
01 Apr. 2022 - 31 Mar. 2025
高木 健太郎; 吉田 俊也; 小林 真; 佐藤 永; 森 章
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University, 22H02378

The experiment for understanding the causes and consequences of tree diversity changes in forests
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
01 Apr. 2020 - 31 Mar. 2025
森 章; 高木 健太郎; 佐々木 雄大; 小林 真
森林を対象とした基礎及び応用科学のニーズは高い。日本学術会議でも、持続可能な森林管理に向けた早急な対策と科学の在り方が強調されている。同様なニーズは、国連の枠組下での森林原則声明をはじめ、繰り返し強調され続けている。2019年に、気候変動に関する政府間パネルが公表した「気候変動と土地関係特別報告書」の政策立案者向け要約版でも、より良い土地利用の在り方としての持続可能な森林管理が、気候変動対策に必須としている。森林に求める公益性は、木材生産だけではない。樹種多様化による森林の炭素隔離と貯蔵能力の向上は、気候変動の著しい今、社会にとって必須の生態系サービスである。多種多様な生物種からなる森林を維持し、持続可能に管理することの必要性が問われる今、炭素吸収源としての森林の役割を再精査する必要がある。


なお、生物多様性が生態系の機能性を高め、生態系サービスを維持するという事象に関する理論的知見は、草地試験地における多様性操作を中心に理解を深めてきた。一方で、数多の公益的機能とサービスを提供する森林生態系についての知見はまだまだ限定的である。多種多様な生物種からなる森林を維持し、持続可能な形で管理することの必要性が問われる今、さらなる知見の集積が求められている。


本研究プロジェクトでは、野外で樹木多様性を操作する植栽試験を大規模に実施している。とくに、多種共存メカニズムに着目し、自然のプロセスにより多様性が維持されている状況を再現したことに新規性がある。今後は、その結果としての一次生産等の生態系能性への帰結を評価することを計画している。得られるデータにより、「生物多様性が生態系機能を支えるメカニズム」の基本的な理解を得て、自然科学の理論に根差した森林管理の在り方を模索する。そして、この目的の達成のために、植栽実験地の維持管理、データ取得、また実験地の広く研究者や学生への公開利用を進める。
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), 23K20306

The experiment for understanding the causes and consequences of tree diversity changes in forests
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
01 Apr. 2020 - 31 Mar. 2025
森 章; 高木 健太郎; 佐々木 雄大; 小林 真
森林を対象とした基礎及び応用科学のニーズは高い。日本学術会議でも、持続可能な森林管理に向けた早急な対策と科学の在り方が強調されている。同様なニーズは、国連の枠組下での森林原則声明をはじめ、繰り返し強調され続けている。2019年に、気候変動に関する政府間パネルが公表した「気候変動と土地関係特別報告書」の政策立案者向け要約版でも、より良い土地利用の在り方としての持続可能な森林管理が、気候変動対策に必須としている。森林に求める公益性は、木材生産だけではない。樹種多様化による森林の炭素隔離と貯蔵能力の向上は、気候変動の著しい今、社会にとって必須の生態系サービスである。多種多様な生物種からなる森林を維持し、持続可能に管理することの必要性が問われる今、炭素吸収源としての森林の役割を再精査する必要がある。


なお、生物多様性が生態系の機能性を高め、生態系サービスを維持するという事象に関する理論的知見は、草地試験地における多様性操作を中心に理解を深めてきた。一方で、数多の公益的機能とサービスを提供する森林生態系についての知見はまだまだ限定的である。多種多様な生物種からなる森林を維持し、持続可能な形で管理することの必要性が問われる今、さらなる知見の集積が求められている。


本研究プロジェクトでは、野外で樹木多様性を操作する植栽試験を大規模に実施している。とくに、多種共存メカニズムに着目し、自然のプロセスにより多様性が維持されている状況を再現したことに新規性がある。今後は、その結果としての一次生産等の生態系能性への帰結を評価することを計画している。得られるデータにより、「生物多様性が生態系機能を支えるメカニズム」の基本的な理解を得て、自然科学の理論に根差した森林管理の在り方を模索する。そして、この目的の達成のために、植栽実験地の維持管理、データ取得、また実験地の広く研究者や学生への公開利用を進める。
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), 20H03320

山腹崩壊後の植生遷移の制限要因の解明と多様な窒素固定植物による植林技術の開発
科学研究費補助（基盤B）
Apr. 2019 - Apr. 2024
小林真
文部科学省, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding

生物群集における共進化過程に着目した生態系復元の実証研究
科学研究費補助金 (基盤B)
Apr. 2019 - Mar. 2024
内海俊介
文部科学省, Competitive research funding

病虫害による大量枯死が森林生態系のCO2放出におよぼす影響の解明
科学研究費補助（基盤B）
Apr. 2017 - Mar. 2022
深澤遊
文部科学省, Competitive research funding

Response of tree roots activity to atmospheric temperature through its trunk in deep winter snowpack
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
01 Apr. 2016 - 31 Mar. 2019
TAKAGI Kentaro
In order to certify and clarify previously observed dynamic variation of CO2 concentration in the forest soil positively correlated with that in the air temperature during a snow-covered period in a cold winter, we developed multi-channel CO2 concentration profiler and measured the concentration in the soils at three stand types (spruce, fir, and birch) in winter under the ca. 1-2 m deep snowpack in a cool-temperate forest. Similar temporal variation of CO2 concentration was observed in the soil for all of the three stands, but that in birch stand showed the highest sensitivity and correlation coefficient to the air temperature above the deep snow cover. Because the CO2 concentration in a birch tree trunk also showed the same temporal variation in the snow with that in the soil, trees would change the biological activity in response to the air temperature even under < 0 deg. C condition, and the change would affect the root activity in the soil at constant heat and water condition.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research, Hokkaido University, 16K14934

衛星観測データの解析技術等を活用したロシア極東における総合的かつ持続可能な森林情報システムの開発
国際共同研究パイロット事業
2017 - 2019
松浦陽次郎
農林水産省, Competitive research funding

Influence of advancing snowmelt on northern tree via soil macro fauna
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
01 Apr. 2015 - 31 Mar. 2018
KOBAYASHI Makoto; TAKAGI Kentaro; KATAYAMA Ayumi
We have evaluated the effect of advancing snowmelt on the production of inorganic nitrogen, which is available for northern tree, via the change of earthworm, a abundant macro fauna species. As the result of the field manipulation experiment, the advancing snowmelt has increased the production of nitrate in soil. However, the amount of the increased nitrate production was similar between the condition with and without earthworm. Furthermore, the amount of increased nitrate production was similar between the condition with small and large earthworm. These results indicate that, in the forests of northern Hokkaido, the effect of advancing snowmelt on soil inorganic nitrogen production is controlled not by the earthworm and their trait but done by other soil organisms such as soil microbe.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B), Hokkaido University, 15K18708

寒冷環境における樹木の地上部—地下部の物質の伝達
科学研究費補助金 挑戦的萌芽研究
Apr. 2016 - Mar. 2018
高木健太郎
文部科学省, Competitive research funding

The differential influence of nutrient availability along two arctic successional gradients
CIRC platform
Jul. 2017
小林真
Umeå University, Climate Impact Research Center, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding

Mixed effects of climate change and genetic diversity within a tree species on ecological process in northern forests
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
01 Apr. 2014 - 31 Mar. 2017
NAKAMURA Masahiro; KOBAYASHI Makoto; KADOMATSU Masahiko
The genetic diversity of mountain birch tree did not affect the plant productivity, but it affected the densities of specialist insects (galling and sucking insects). Genetic diversity did not stabilize plant productivity and insect density of each feeding type against environmental changes due to migration of common garden from Nakagawa Experimental Forest to Nayoro North Management Division. Rather, insect densities showed opposite responses to genetic diversity between these two sites. Since Nakagawa is adjacent to the forest compared to Nayoro, Nakagawa has large species pool of insects, which included insects with genotype (population) specificity. Thus, it seems that the opposite responses were made between the two sites.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Hokkaido University, 26450188

雪解けの早まりが土壌動物を介して樹木に及ぼす影響
科学研究費補助金 (若手B)
Apr. 2015 - Mar. 2017
小林真
文部科学省, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding

緯度の異なるN2O放出ホットスポットでの窒素循環要因の探査と環境修復生物資源調査
科学研究費補助金 (基盤研究B, 海外学術)
Apr. 2014 - Mar. 2017
橋床泰之
文部科学省, Competitive research funding

雪解けの早まりが森林の純一次生産および生物多様性に及ぼす影響の包括的解明
Research Fund, Kondo Grant
Apr. 2014 - Mar. 2017
Makoto Kobayashi
Asahi Glass Foundation, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding

ミミズの腸内細菌活性に注目した土壌改良指針の提案
助成金
2016 - 2017
小林真
栗林育英財団助成金, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding

水生生物がアミノ酸を飲む -見落とされていた窒素循環プロセスの解明-
科学研究費補助金 挑戦的萌芽研究
Apr. 2014 - Mar. 2015
岸田治
文部科学省, Competitive research funding

窒素を介した樹木－土壌のつながりが温度上昇によって受ける影響
特別研究員研究奨励陽(PD)
Apr. 2012 - Jun. 2014
小林真
文部科学省, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding

極東ロシア高山生態系における地球温暖化の影響評価とモニタリング
研究助成金
2012
和田直也
平和島財団, Competitive research funding

森林火災が森林土壌の炭素動態へ及ぼす影響
学術研究奨励金
Apr. 2009 - Mar. 2010
里村多香美
日本林業技術協会, Competitive research funding

変動環境下における炭－微生物関係を利用した緑化技術の高度化に関する研究
特別研究員奨励費 (DC1)
Apr. 2007 - Mar. 2010
小林真
文部科学省, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding

山火事の発生が炭の生成を通じて北方林の物質循環へ与える影響の解明
研究助成金
2010
小林真
アサヒビール学術振興財団, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding