SEARCH

Search Details

Akino Seishi

Research Faculty of Agriculture　Fundamental AgriScience Research　Agrobiology and BioresourcesAssociate Professor

Researcher basic information

■ Degree
  • Doctor(Agriculture), Hokkaido University
■ URL
researchmap URLホームページURL■ Various IDs
J-Global ID■ Research Keywords and Fields
Research Keyword
  • アクチノファージのDNA
  • プラスミド
  • 交配型
  • ジャガイモ
  • アイソザイム
  • 生物・生態学的防除
  • インド
  • アイソザイム多型
  • ジャガイモ疫病
  • メラタキシル
  • インドネシア
  • トマト
  • 中華人民共和国
  • 台湾
  • メタラキシル
  • アジア
  • クリーニングクロップ
  • 韓国
  • 疫病菌
  • mtDNA多型
  • ネパール
  • 野性エンバク
  • 疫病
  • Phytophthora infestans
  • new A1
  • phytophthora
  • メタラキシル感受性
  • タイ王国
  • pectate lyase
Research Field
  • Environmental Science/Agriculture Science, Plant protection science
■ Educational Organization

Career

■ Career
Career
  • 1999 - 2000
    北海道大学 大学院・農学研究科, 助手

Research activity information

■ Papers
■ Other Activities and Achievements
■ Syllabus
  • 作物生産生物学特論, 2024年, 修士課程, 農学院
  • 作物生産生物学特論演習, 2024年, 修士課程, 農学院
  • 大学院共通授業科目（一般科目）：自然科学・応用科学, 2024年, 修士課程, 大学院共通科目
  • 植物寄生病学, 2024年, 学士課程, 農学部
  • 植物病害防除学, 2024年, 学士課程, 農学部
  • 生物学概論, 2024年, 学士課程, 農学部
  • 一般教育演習(ﾌﾚｯｼｭﾏﾝｾﾐﾅｰ), 2024年, 学士課程, 全学教育
  • 生物資源科学実験Ⅰ, 2024年, 学士課程, 農学部
■ Research Themes
  • Genetic analysis of the haploid strain in the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    2010 - 2012
    TAGA Masatoki; AKINO Seishi
    Although the potato late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, has long been believed to be diploid or of higher level of ploidy, we discovered a haploid isolate recently. In this study, we carried out genetic analyses on this isolate, including (1)molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes; (2) flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content and stability of genome; (3)microscopic observation on the somatic nuclei and chromosomes; (4)growth characteristics; (5)production of auxotrophic mutants; (6)establishment of transformation method.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Okayama University, 22580050
  • Biological Control of Brown Stem Rot of Adzuki Bean by Cleaning Crops
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    1998 - 2000
    KOBAYASHI Kiroku; AKINO Seishi; KONDO Norio
    The purpose of this study is to find the effective crops in reducing the Brown Stem Rot (BSR) disease of adzuki bean by the cleaning crops. In 1998 and 1999, 4 green manure crops (vetch, italian ryegrass, wild oats and sorghum) were planted in different fields infested with the pathogens and in the next year, adzuki bean planted in all fields. The disease decreased remarkably in the fields planted with wild oat compared with other crops. However, no relation was found between the pathogen population and the crops. The yields of wild oat planted plots was higher than that of any other crops among green manure crops tested. These results showed the wild oat was the most suitable for cleaning crops to BSR of adzuki beans. To find out the mechanism of the disease suppression by wild oat, the soil microflora in the wild oat planted soils weas cheked. The population of antagonistic actinomycetes to the pathogen was about 13 times higher than the adzuki bean replanting plot soils. The germination of the pathogen spores in the soils planted with wild oat was significantly lower than other crop soils. These results suggested that the wild oat soils had a greater degree of soil fungistasis. These may be one of the reasons why the BSR was suppressed by the wild oat. In the final year (2000), the suppressive effect by wild oat was checked in the farmer fields naturally infested with BSR pathogens. In the farmer fiels, the disease decreased dramatically and the yields was higher than that of other plots. From these three years results, the wild oat is best cleaning crops against the BSR disease and in near future oat will be combined among the cropping system in adzuki bean fields.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)., HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 10460018
  • Studies on A1/A2 mating types in Phytophthora infestans
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    1996 - 1999
    OGOSHI Akira; AKINO Seishi; KONDO Norio; KOBAYASHI Kiroku
    Oosporogenesis of Phytophthora infestans occur in mating condition of A1 and A2 mating type strains. The differences of gene expression between mating and single cultures of A1 and A2 strains were displayed by cDNA representational difference analysis. Subtraction between mating and single cultures were done for three times by RDA.One hundred and twenty-eight clones were picked at random and probes of them were prepared for Northern analysis. It was shown that one of RDA clones (cET58) was up-regulated in mating condition. cDNA clone which isolated from cDNA library of mating cultured cells have 786 bp of open reading frame, and it is most similar to pectate lyase of Fusarium solani by database search of nucleotide and amino acid sequences. We designated this gene as mpl 1. Transcription of mpl 1 reaches its peak during five and six days after mating. Southern analysis on some isolates showed that mpl 1 is a multicopy gene, and the pattern of signal were typical in the groups of isolates.
    The distribution of each mating type of Phytophthora infestans in Japan was as follows ; In 1999, all of Kyushu isolates were A2 mating type. In 2000, all of Hokkaido and Gunma isolates were A1 mating type. All of Hokkaido and Gunma isolates were metalaxyl- resistant, but there were resistant and susceptble isolates in Kyushu. In isoenzyme genotype, all of Kyushu isolates were D-type (Me=90/100, Gpi=100/100, Pep=96/96), and fifteen of Hokkaido isolates were F-type (Me=90/100, Gpi=98/98, Pep=100/100), and nine of Hokkaido isolates were G-type (Me=90/100, Gpi=100/100, Pep=98/98). All of Gunma isolates were F-type. As the result of DNA fingerprint was done using by RG52 probe, it was confirmed that Japanese old A1 isolates were same with US-1, and Japanese A2 isolates were consist of JP-1 and its mutants. Korea, India, Taiwan, Indonesia, ThaiLand, Nepal and China isolates were independently different. Both of mating types were exist in Northern China and Thailand. As the result of DNA fingerprint using by three kinds of probes, Japanese new A1 mating type isolates showed same difference with old A1 and A2 isolates. There is some possibility of being that new A1 isolates were the progenies of them. And it was showed that Japanese new A1 isolates were same as Northern Chinese isolates.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 08406003
  • Mating type and variation of Phytophthora infestans in Asia
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    1996 - 1997
    OGOSHI Akira; AKINO Seishi; KONDO Norio; KOBAYASHI Kiroku; SHRESTHA Sunder K.; TANG Wen-Hua
    Phytophthora infestans isolates collected from potato or tomato fields in seven Asian countries were analyzed for mating type, metalaxyl sensitivity, isozyme genotypes and mtDNA types. All of the isolates collected in India, Taiwan and the northern China were A1 mating type, and all of the isolates collected in Korea and Indonesia were A2 mating type, while isolates of both mating types were found in samples from Thailand, Nepal, the central inland China. All isolates from India, Thailand, Nepal and the southern China, and most of isolates collected in Taiwan and the central China were sensitive to metalaxyl, while all except one isolate collected in Korea, all of the isolates collected in Indonesia and 11 of 41 isolates collected in the northern China were resistant. Isolates were divided into 6 isozyme genotypes : Types A (42 isolates from Taiwan, 23 from Thailand, 46 from Nepal, 1 from the northern China and 2 from the southern China), B (12 from India and 18 from Nepal), C (32 from Thailand and 34 from Nepal), D (16 from Korea and 4 from Indonesia), E (43 from the central China and 14 from the southern China), and F (40 from the northern China and 9 from the central China). A and B type isolates were of the old population that was predominant worldwide until recently. C type isolates belonged to the new population, which has been detected in the world since the appearance of A2 isolates outside central Mexico. D type isolates has not been detected elsewhere except Poland and Japan. E and F type isolates were also specific to Asia. Isolates were divided into mtDNA types Ia, Ib and IIa by RFLPs of mtDNA. There were relationships between mtDNA types and isozyme genotypes except for a few isolates. The isolates of type IIa were from isozyme genotype B, C or E type, the isolates of type Ib were of A type, and the isolates of type IIa belonged to D or F type.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research, HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 08041129
  • ジャガイモそうか病菌の菌体外エステラーゼに関する研究
    科学研究費助成事業
    1994 - 1994
    秋野 聖之
    ジャガイモそうか病菌のアクチノファージについて、いくつかの特徴的な性質が見出された。通常宿主菌にファージを接種して溶菌の有無を観察する際には宿主菌の胞子(または菌体)懸濁液にファージ懸濁液を加えるが、このような方法を用いず宿主菌の寒天培養上に直接ファージ懸濁液をスポットすることによってプラークを形成する宿主範囲が広くなることがわかった。前者の方法ではファージが宿主菌に十分に吸着し得ない場合があると考えられた。
    ほとんどのアクチノファージのDNA制限酵素分解パターンは十分に単プラーク分離を行なったものでも観察されるバンドが多く、無処理DNAのサイズに一致しなかった(宿主が同じ場合にはパターンは同一となり、宿主を代えるとパターンも代わる)。同じファージが同じ宿主菌に感染して増殖した場合でもその子孫にDNA構造の点で多型が生じている可能性があると思われた。この点を確認するため、そうか病菌株KY9113で増殖させたファージ株φNI-1を別のそうか病菌株Ch1で増殖させ、単プラーク分離を行なった。それぞれの単プラークファージ株DNAの制限酵素分解パターンには多型が認められた。この多型が宿主のDNA制限・修飾系の変異によるものか、ファージDNAに組換えが起こったためであるのかは不明であり、現在検討中である。
    エステラーゼ遺伝子の検出の目的で、感度の向上を計るため新たにPCRによる増幅産物の検出を試みた。Raymerら(1990)によるそうか病菌エステラーゼ遺伝子の塩基配列を参考としてPCR用プライマーを設計し、各そうか病菌株について検討したところ明確な1本のバンドとして増幅が認められた。当研究室の保存菌株のうち、らせん状胞子鎖を持つ菌株ではすべて同サイズ(約290bp)の増幅産物が認められたが、直〜波状胞子鎖の菌株では360bp、270bpなどサイズは様々であった。らせん状胞子鎖菌株由来の増幅産物をクローニングし、塩基配列を解読したところ菌株間で同一であり、Raymerら(1990)のエステラーゼ遺伝子と60%の相同性を持っていることがわかった。エステラーゼ遺伝子そうか病菌の種類によって多型を示していることが示唆された。
    今後もファージDNAの組換えの有無、そうか病菌エステラーゼ遺伝子の多型の詳細について検討する予定である。
    日本学術振興会, 奨励研究(A), 北海道大学, 06760043
  • Survey of the mating types of potato late blight fungus in Asian countries.
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    1992 - 1993
    OGOSHI Akira; CHAMSWANG Chiradj; LUMYONG Pipop; SHINGH U.p.; SURYANINGSIH Euis; KATO Masayasu; AKINO Seishi; KONDO Norio; KOBAYASHI Kiroku; CHANG Tun-tschu; LEE Wan-hyu
    Isolates of Phytophthora infestans were collected from potatoes and/or tomatoes in Korea, Indonesia, India, Taiwan and Thailand between June, 1992 and January, 1994, and were analyzed for their mating types, metalaxyl resistance and isozyme genotypes.
    All isolates collected in Korea and Indonesia were found to be of A2 mating type, while all isolates from India and Taiwan were A1 mating type. Isolates from Thailand are under investigation.
    Metalaxyl resistance was found in most isolates of Korea and Indonesia and three isolates of Taiwan. None of Indian isolates was resistant to metalaxyl.
    Isozyme genotypes of Korean and Indonesian isolates were 90/100 for malic enzyme(ME) and 100/100 for glucosephosphate isomerase(GPI), those of Taiwanese isolates were 100/100 for ME and 86/100 for GPI, and those of Indian isolates were 100/100 for ME and 100/100 for GPI.
    Isozyme genotypes of Korean, Indonesian and Taiwanese isolates were identical to those of Japanese isolates. Isozyme genotypes of Indian isolates were identical to those of "new population" of European isolates. These results also suggested the possibility of linkage between ME and GPI loci.
    The correlations among mating types, isozyme genotypes and response to metalaxyl of Korean, Taiwanese and Indonesian isolates were identical to those of Japanese isolates. The correlation of these characteristics of Indian isolates were identical to those of "new population" of European isolates.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, 04041016