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Watanabe Tsutomu

Institute of Low Temperature Science　Water and Material CyclesSpecially Appointed Professor

Researcher basic information

■ Degree
  • 理学博士, 東北大学
■ URL
researchmap URLホームページURL■ Various IDs
Researcher number
  • 60353918
ORCID IDResearcher ID
  • D-9846-2012
J-Global ID■ Research Keywords and Fields
Research Keyword
  • Atmospheric boundary layer
  • Land-atmosphere interaction
  • Turbulence
  • Numerical fluid dynamics
  • Large eddy simulation
  • Lattice Boltzmann method
  • Eddy covariance
  • Forest
  • Micrometeorology
  • フラックス
  • 熱収支
  • 炭素収支
  • 吹雪
Research Field
  • Environmental Science/Agriculture Science, Environmental dynamic analysis
  • Natural Science, Atmospheric and hydrospheric sciences
■ Educational Organization

Career

■ Career
Career
  • Apr. 2026 - Present
    Hokkaido University, Institute of Low Temperature Science, 特任教授
  • 2007 - Mar. 2026
    Hokkaido University, Institute of Low Temperature Science, 教授
  • 1993 - 2007
    Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 研究員・主任研究員
  • 1991 - 1992
    日本学術振興会, 特別研究員
Educational Background
  • Apr. 1986 - Mar. 1991, Tohoku University, 大学院理学研究科, 地球物理学専攻
  • Mar. 1986, Tohoku University, Faculty of Science, 地球物理学科
Committee Memberships
  • Jul. 2012 - May 2020
    日本気象学会, Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere 編集委員, Society
  • Sep. 2007 - Mar. 2018
    JapanFlux, 運営委員, Society
  • Mar. 2007 - Mar. 2011
    日本農業気象学会, Journal of Agricultural Meteorology 編集委員, Society
  • Jun. 2002 - Jun. 2006
    日本気象学会, Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan 編集委員, Society
  • Sep. 1998 - Sep. 2001
    日本農業気象学会, 農業気象編集委員, Society

Research activity information

■ Awards
  • May 2025, 日本農業工学会, 日本農業工学会フェロー
    Others
  • Mar. 2024, 日本農業気象学会, 日本農業気象学会賞（学術賞）
    乱流輸送プロセスを中心とした植生－大気間の相互作用に関する理論的な研究
    渡辺力
  • Jul. 2014, 日本学術学振興会, 平成25年度特別研究員等審査会専門委員（書面担当）表彰
    渡辺力
  • Sep. 2007, 日本農業気象学会, 論文賞
    渦相関法によって生態系呼吸速度を評価する際の問題点－間欠的な乱流状態下での摩擦速度補正について－
    安田幸生;渡辺力;大谷義一;溝口康子
  • Jul. 2003, 水文・水資源学会, 学術賞
    LESによる熱収支インバランス問題に対する検討
    渡辺力
■ Papers
■ Other Activities and Achievements
■ Books and other publications
  • 低温環境の科学事典
    河村, 公隆, 気温が下がる仕組み
    朝倉書店, Jul. 2016, 9784254963922, 1 online resource (xii, 411p, 図版 [8] p), Japanese, [Contributor]
  • 低温科学便覧
    北海道大学低温科学研究所, 11章 大気と陸面の相互作用
    丸善出版, 25 Oct. 2015, 4621089641, 383, Japanese, [Contributor]
  • 北海道の気象と農業
    日本農業気象学会北海道支部, 北海道で一番寒いのはどこか？
    北海道新聞社, Nov. 2012, 9784894536739, 382p, Japanese, [Contributor]
  • 森林立地調査法 改訂版: 森の環境を測る
    森林立地調査法編集委員会, 長波放射と正味放射, 湿度, 森林群落の熱収支
    博友社, 01 Jul. 2010, 482680217X, 284, Japanese, [Contributor]
  • 森に学ぶ101のヒント
    日本林業技術協会, タワー周辺禁煙地帯？
    東京書籍, Feb. 2002, 4487797411, 225p, Japanese, [Contributor]
  • 気象利用学
    気象利用研究会, 林地
    森北出版, 01 Nov. 1998, 4627944713, 222, Japanese, [Contributor]
  • 水環境の気象学 : 地表面の水収支・熱収支
    近藤, 純正, 9章 植物と大気
    朝倉書店, Apr. 1994, 9784254161106, xi, 348p, Japanese, [Contributor]
■ Lectures, oral presentations, etc.
■ Syllabus
  • 地球雪氷学実習Ⅱ, 2024年, 修士課程, 環境科学院
  • 地球雪氷学実習Ⅰ, 2024年, 修士課程, 環境科学院
  • 大学院共通授業科目（教育プログラム）：南極学, 2024年, 修士課程, 大学院共通科目
  • 寒冷圏気象・気候学特論, 2024年, 修士課程, 環境科学院
  • 大気環境科学特論, 2024年, 修士課程, 環境科学院
  • 地球雪氷学基礎論, 2024年, 修士課程, 環境科学院
  • 環境と人間, 2024年, 学士課程, 全学教育
■ Affiliated academic society
  • JAPAN SOCIETY OF HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES
  • THE SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY OF JAPAN
  • METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
  • American Geophysical Union
  • American Meteorological Society
■ Research Themes
  • PIV observations and LBM analysis of turbulent transport processes within plant canopy under stable stratification
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
    Apr. 2020 - Mar. 2023
    渡辺 力; 下山 宏
    コロナウィルス感染症拡大の影響でPIV観測が実施できなかったため、PIV 観測と合わせて用いる、微気象学的手法の観測システムを立ち上げと、乱流解析の新たな切り口となる圧力変動観測の導入および検証を行った。微気象学的観測システムは、昨年度構築した時間同期システムを組み込むことで、複数の独立した観測データ間の同期を実現した。また、乱流に伴う圧力変動の観測システムを新たに構築した。植生キャノピー層内における圧力変動は様々な要因から観測難度が非常に高いものであるが、構築した観測システムと、時間スケールに着目したフィルター解析により、乱流に起因する圧力変動のデータを取得することが出来た。取得された圧力変動と乱流輸送量の関係を解析した結果、キャノピー下部における運動エネルギー輸送が、キャノピー上端付近の乱流に起因する圧力変動を介して生じる関係が示された。PIV観測と微気象学観測、さらに圧力観測を合わせて用いることで、実測ベースにおける安定成層時の植生キャノピー乱流の実態把握への貢献が期待される。
    一方、非中立条件での植生乱流を再現できる数値モデル構築に向け、昨年度までに開発した、格子ボルツマン法に基づく流れのLESモデルに浮力の効果を取り入れ、不安定もしくは安定な成層条件における植生乱流のシミュレーションが可能なモデルを新たに開発した。また、モデルで再現された流れ場において、野外でのPIV観測を模したトレーサー実験を可能にするため、流れの中に放出された粒子状物質の挙動をラグランジュ的に追跡するモデルのコードを開発した。他分野への応用も兼ねたテストとして、開発したモデルを地吹雪のシミュレーションに適用し、その再現性を確認したところ、質量フラックスの高度分布や高度別の粒径分布の特徴などについて、過去の観測例と整合的な結果を得た。
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Hokkaido University, 20K04057
  • Successional change in carbon dynamics in northern forest ecosystems after severe disturbance
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
    21 Oct. 2013 - 31 Mar. 2017
    HIRANO Takashi; IDE Reiko
    In order to investigate the carbon balance of northern forest ecosystems in succession, long-term field experiments have been conducted in two differently disturbed forest ecosystems in Hokkaido, Japan: a naturally re-growing ex-larch forest after sever disturbance due to windthrow (Tomakomai) and a newly opened larch forest (Teshio). The experiments include vegetation survey, soil assessment and CO2 flux measurement by the eddy covariance and chamber techniques. In Tomakomai, annual net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) had approached to zero (carbon neutral) until the 7th year after disturbance, though NEE remained positive (a carbon source) after that. In Teshio, however, the young larch forest became carbon neutral in 7 years. The difference between the two forests suggests that undergrowth vegetation and coarse woody debris plays important roles in NEE.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Hokkaido University, 25241002
  • Visualization measurements of turbulence spatial structures in the stable surface boundary layers
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research
    01 Apr. 2014 - 31 Mar. 2016
    WATANABE Tsutomu; SHIMOYAMA Kou
    This study aimed at developing a new technique for in-situ measurements of turbulence spatial structures in the stable boundary layers. A PIV method was introduced to measure turbulence velocities in outdoor conditions. Main achievements include the following. (1) A specially designed seeding device was developed to supply tracer particles into a large area of measurements in the field. (2) A parallelized computer software was compiled to efficiently calculate velocities through perspective transformation and cross-correlations of images taken at an oblique angle. (3) Field tests confirmed that the developed PIV system was able to measure turbulence velocities as accurate as sonic anemometers.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research, Hokkaido University, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding, 26550002
  • Investigation of the process of stem shape formation in relation to the crown dynamics, and its application to estimation of the leaf amount of trees and a forest
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    01 Apr. 2012 - 31 Mar. 2016
    Sumida Akihiro; MIYAURA Tomiyasu; WATANABE Tsutomu; CHEN Lei
    Processes of stem shape formation and crown development were analyzed using a data set of stem diameters measured at various stem locations and tree heights recorded for all the trees of a plantation of hinoki cypress (_Chamaecyparis obtusa_) collected over 20 years. Dominant trees in the stand increased crown length and leaf amount with age, whereas suppressed trees decreased crown length and leaf amount due to a rapid rise in crown-base height before they died due to among-tree competition. It was found out that this among-tree difference in the long-term process of crown development lead to among-tree difference in stem-shape formation patterns. Owing to the detailed dataset, meteorological factors affecting annual changes in stem biomass growth and the leaf area index (LAI) could be identified with high values of coefficient of determination.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Hokkaido University, 24580209
  • Separation of respiration and photosynthesis rates in forest ecosystems using continuous measurements of stable oxygen isotopic ratio and a multilayer canopy-micrometeorological model.
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
    2012 - 2014
    MURAYAMA Shohei; MATSUEDA Hidekazu; WATANABE Tsutomu; TSUBOI Kazuhiro; ISHIDOYA Shigeyuki; KONDO Hiroaki
    Development of a precise continuous measuring system of stable isotopic ratios of CO2 has been made using an infrared spectroscopic technique. Although the fundamental structure of the system has been developed, it has been suggested that further improvement of the mid-infrared laser for the light source is necessary for the in-situ measurement.
    Using the δ18O measurements at Takayama site, seasonal variation in the ratio of soil respiration to ecosystem respiration during the growing season was estimated.
    A multilayer canopy-micrometeorological model has been upgraded to include isotopic processes that determine the vertical profile of C18OO in a forest canopy. By using observed CO2 data to optimize a model parameter, we confirmed that the vertical profiles of δ18O-CO2 in the forest were reproduced well. Thus the multilayer canopy model with the assimilation of CO2 data is a promising tool to quantify vertical profiles of photosynthesis and respiration rates in forest ecosystems.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Coinvestigator not use grants, Competitive research funding, 24310017
  • Typhoon disturbance effects on carbon dioxide budget and fluxes in broad-leaved forest.
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(基盤研究(B))
    2007 - 2010
    Hajime UTSUGI; 渡辺 力; 山野井 克己; 北村 兼三; 阪田 匡司; 渡辺 力; 飛田 博順
    The enlargement of the typhoon is expected along with global warming, and the influence of the typhoon disturbance cannot be disregarded in evaluating the forest CO_2 budget. Then, the forest function for CO_2 absorption after typhoon disturbance was researched. Before the wind damage, the absorbed amount of CO_2 by photosynthesis in the forest canopy had exceeded the CO_2 emission by respiration in soil and coarse wood debris. After the wind damage, both photosynthesis and respiration reversing, CO_2 was emitted from forest ecosystems into atmosphere.
    Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, 基盤研究(B), 独立行政法人森林総合研究所, Coinvestigator not use grants, Competitive research funding, 19380095
  • Mechanism of the energy balance non-closure associated with eddy covariance fluxes
    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
    2007 - 2009
    WATANABE Tsutomu; MIZOGUCHI Yasuko
    Undermeasure of the sensible and latent heat fluxes by the eddy covariance method is a world-wide common problem among the flux-monitoring tower sites. Analysis of a dataset from a broadleaf forest site in Kawagoe (Japan) revealed that significant undermeasure tended to occur under the condition of large net radiation and low wind speed. Numerical fluid dynamics simulations run for such conditions indicated that a single-point eddy-covariance measurement does not capture the flux's low-frequency components associated with quasi-stationary convections of spatial scale as large as the boundary layer depth, and thus underestimates the total flux. Observed dissimilarity between temperature's and water-vapor's low-frequency fluctuations supports this idea because it is consistent with the simulation results showing that hot and dry air entrained at the top of the boundary layer reaches the height of flux measurements (near the bottom of the boundary layer) owing to the large-scale convection and causes out-of-phase fluctuations of low frequencies.
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Hokkaido University, Principal investigator, Competitive research funding, 19510020
  • 陸域生態系モデル作成のためのパラメタリゼーションに関する研究
    新世紀重点研究創生プラン 人・自然・地球共生プロジェクト
    2002 - 2006
    安岡善文
    文部科学省, Competitive research funding
  • 気候変動の将来の見通しの向上を目指したエアロゾル・水・植生等の過程のモデル化に関する研究
    地球環境研究総合推進費
    2000 - 2002
    神沢 博
    環境省, Competitive research funding
  • 気候、物質循環モデルによる気候変動の定量的評価に関する研究
    地球環境研究総合推進費
    1997 - 1999
    神沢 博
    環境省, Competitive research funding