Researcher basic information

• Master of Laws, Hokkaido University
• Master of Laws, University of Toronto
• 博士(法学), 北海道大学

• https://researchmap.jp/read0020791?lang=en

• 200901043514501679

• Constitutional Law of Canada
• Constitutional Law

• Humanities & Social Sciences, Public law

• Bachelor's degree program, School of Law
• Master's degree program, Graduate School of Law
• Doctoral (PhD) degree program, Graduate School of Law

Research activity information

• カナダの違憲審査と立法事実
  佐々木雅寿
  法学雑誌, 70, 3・4, 29, 74, Mar. 2024, [Invited], [Lead author]
  Japanese
• 最高裁判所と国会との「対話」と「違憲状態・結論合憲判決」
  佐々木雅寿
  法学館憲法研究所 Law Journal, 29号, 162, 187, Feb. 2024, [Invited], [Lead author]
  Japanese
• 参議院の投票価値の平等をめぐる最高裁と国会との継続的対話
  佐々木雅寿
  只野雅人・佐々木雅寿・木下和朗編著『統治機構と対抗権力 代表・統制と憲法秩序をめぐる比較憲法的考察』, 326, 347, Mar. 2023
• 公職選挙法14条、別表第3の参議院（選挙区選出）議員の議員定数配分規定の合憲性―令和1年参議院議員選挙投票価値較差訴訟大法廷判決（最大判令2・11・18）
  佐々木雅寿
  判例時報, 2502, 132, 138, Feb. 2022, [Invited], [Lead author]
• カナダにおける違憲審査の参加手続
  佐々木雅寿
  北大法学論集, 70, 5, 928, 939, Jan. 2020, [Lead author]
  Japanese, Research institution
• 衆議院「投票価値の較差」判例の転換点
  佐々木雅寿
  論究ジュリスト, 29, 36, 42, Apr. 2019, [Lead author]
  Japanese, Scientific journal
• カナダにおける憲法変動とカナダ最高裁判所の役割
  佐々木 雅寿
  憲法問題, 28, 76, 88, May 2017, [Invited]
  Japanese, Scientific journal
• 昭和51年衆議院議員定数不均衡違憲判決の背景
  佐々木 雅寿
  法学雑誌, 62, 3・4, 1, 43, Aug. 2016
  Japanese, Research institution
• 民法733条および民法750条の合憲性
  佐々木 雅寿
  月報司法書士, 532, 75, 87, 日本司法書士会連合会, Jun. 2016
  Japanese, Scientific journal
• 衆議院定数不均衡訴訟違憲判決
  佐々木 雅寿
  論究ジュリスト, 17, 54, 60, Apr. 2016
  Japanese, Scientific journal
• カナダ最高裁判所におけるロー・クラーク
  佐々木 雅寿
  北大法学論集, 66, 2, 261, 271, Jul. 2015
  Japanese
• 衆議院小選挙区制の下での最高裁と国会との継続的対話
  佐々木 雅寿
  岡田信弘他編『憲法の基底と憲法論』, 755, 780, May 2015
  Japanese
• 最高裁判所と政治部門との対話 －対話的違憲審査の理論
  佐々木 雅寿
  論究ジュリスト, 12, 206, 217, 有斐閣, Feb. 2015
  Japanese, Symposium
• 違憲立法審査権の性格
  佐々木 雅寿
  長谷部恭男他編『憲法判例百選Ⅱ[第6版]』, 412, 413, Dec. 2013
  Japanese
• Dialogic Constitutional Review
  SASAKI Masatoshi
  Hokkaido Journal of New Global Law and Policy, 19, 19, 1, 107, 北海道大学グローバルCOEプログラム「多元分散型統御を目指す新世代法政策学」事務局, 北海道大学情報法政策学研究センター, Jan. 2013, [Invited]
  Japanese, Research institution
• Developments of the Proportionality Analysis in Canadian Constitutional Law
  SASAKI Masatoshi
  The Hokkaido Law Review, 63, 2, 1, 51, 北海道大学大学院法学研究科 = Hokkaido University, School of Law, Jul. 2012
  Japanese, Research institution
• The Constitutional Dialogue Between Courts and Legislatures in Canada
  SASAKI Masatoshi
  Journal of Law and Politics, 54, 1, 15, 53, Aug. 2007
  Japanese, Research institution
• Multiculturalism Clause in the Constitutional Law of Canada
  SASAKI Masatoshi
  Journal of Law and Politics, 53, 4, 969, 1009, Mar. 2007
  Japanese, Research institution
• 人権の主体―「個人」と「団体」の関係を中心に―
  公法研究, 67, 122, 135, 2005
• カナダ憲法における人権保障の特徴
  ジュリスト, 1244, 196, 202, 2003
• カナダ憲法上の救済方法(4)
  法学雑誌, 45, 3-4, 431, 1999
• Constitutional remedies in Canada (3)
  Sasaki Masatoshi
  Journal of law and politics of Osaka City University, 44, 4, 535, 564, Osaka City University, 1998
  Japanese
• Constitutional remedies in Canada (2)
  Sasaki Masatoshi
  Journal of law and politics of Osaka City University, 44, 3, 371, 398, Osaka City University, 1998
  Japanese
• Constitutional remedies in Canada (1)
  Sasaki Masatoshi
  Journal of law and politics of Osaka City University, 44, 2, 208, 236, Osaka City University, 1998
  Japanese
• カナダ憲法と地方自治体の権限
  都市問題研究, 49, 4, 145, 1997
• カナダにおけるスタンディングの法理
  法学雑誌, 40, 4, 1, 1994
• Characteristics of Constitutional Review in the Judiciary Act ( 1 )
  Sasaki Masatoshi
  Journal of law and politics of Osaka City University, 39, 3・4, 40/1,40/3, 410, Osaka City University, 1993
  Japanese, 1993-1994
• The Characteristics of Constitutional Review in Canada (1)
  佐々木 雅寿
  The Hokkaido law review, 39, 2-4, p331, 413, 北海道大学法学部, 1988
  Japanese, 1988-1989

• 憲法 花柳流の名取の地位確認請求と「部分社会の法理」[東京地裁平成28.5.25判決] (判例セレクトMonthly 2016.5.1~2016.5.31)
  佐々木 雅寿, 法学教室, 432, 161, 161, Sep. 2016
  有斐閣, Japanese
• 憲法 平成26年衆議院選挙と投票価値の平等[最高裁大法廷平成27.11.25判決] (判例セレクトMonthly 2015.9.1~2016.3.31)
  佐々木 雅寿, 法学教室, 430, 127, 127, Jul. 2016
  有斐閣, Japanese
• ５ Law Clerks at the Supreme Court of Canada
  佐々木 雅寿, 北大法学論集, 66, 2, 118, 108, 31 Jul. 2015
  北海道大学大学院法学研究科 = Hokkaido University, School of Law, Japanese
• Constitutional Remedies in Canada(4)
  Journal of Law and Politics of Osaka City University, 45, 3-4, 431, 1999
• Constitutional Remedies in Canada(3)
  Journal of Law and Politics of Osaka City University, 44, 4, 535, 1998
• Constitutional Remedies in Canada(2)
  Journal of Law and Politics of Osaka City University, 44, 3, 371, 1998
• Constitutional Remedies in Canada(1)
  Journal of Law and Politics of Osaka City University, 44, 2, 208, 1998
• Canadian Constitutional Law and the Power of Municipalities
  Journal of Municipal Problems, 49, 4, 145, 1997
• Public Interest Standing in Canada
  Sasaki Masatoshi, Journal of Law and Politics of Osaka City University, 40, 4, 1, 447, 1994
  Osaka City University, Japanese
• Characteristics of Constitutional Review in the Judiciary Act
  Journal of Law and Politics of Osaka City University, 39, 3・4, 40/1,40/3, 1993
  1993-1994
• The Characteristics of Constitutional Review in Canada
  39, 2-4, 1988
  1988-1989

• 芦部憲法学
  佐々木雅寿, 日本の違憲審査制の位置づけと評価
  岩波書店, Sep. 2024, 9784000616591
• 統治機構と対抗権力 : 代表・統制と憲法秩序をめぐる比較憲法的考察
  只野, 雅人; 佐々木, 雅寿; 木下, 和朗
  日本評論社, Mar. 2023, 9784535526174, x, 386p, Japanese
• はじめての憲法学（第4版）
  中村睦男; 佐々木雅寿; 寺島壽一編著, 第5講幸福追求権、第8講思想・良心の自由、第19講裁判所と司法権、第21講地方自治
  三省堂, Oct. 2021, 9784385321936, xx, 294p, Japanese, [Joint editor]
• 在外日本人最高裁裁判官国民審査権制限違憲訴訟高裁判決
  佐々木雅寿, 20頁～21頁
  有斐閣・令和2年度重要判例解説, Apr. 2021
• 違憲の争点を提起しうる当事者適格
  佐々木雅寿
  有斐閣・憲法判例百選Ⅱ[第7版], Nov. 2019, [Contributor]
• 議員定数不均衡訴訟
  佐々木 雅寿
  信山社 判例トレーニング憲法, Apr. 2018, 211, 184-192, Japanese, [Contributor]
• 世界の人権保障
  佐々木 雅寿, 序章、第6章、終章
  三省堂, Sep. 2017, 9784385321493, 272, 1-9, 117-136, 225-242, Japanese, Textbook, [Joint editor]
• 衆議院定数不均衡訴訟違憲判決
  佐々木 雅寿
  有斐閣 論究憲法, May 2017, 109-122, Japanese, [Contributor]
• はじめての憲法学（第3版）
  佐々木 雅寿
  三省堂, Apr. 2015, [Joint work]
• 対話的違憲審査の理論
  佐々木 雅寿
  三省堂, Sep. 2013, [Single work]
• はじめての憲法学（第2版）
  佐々木 雅寿
  三省堂, Oct. 2010
• 勧告的意見の可能性
  有斐閣 日本国憲法解釈の再検討, 2004
• はじめての憲法学
  三省堂, 2004
• 環境保護と憲法上の課題
  環境保護と法, 1999
• Environmental Protection and Constitutional Issues
  Environmental Protection and Law, 1999
• 現代における違憲審査権の性格
  有斐閣, 1995, [Single work]
• The Nature of Constitutional Review in the Contemporary World
  Yuhikaku, 1995

• カナダにおける違憲審査の手続と対話
  佐々木 雅寿
  岡山公法判例研究会特別研究会, 17 Feb. 2018, Japanese, Oral presentation
• カナダにおける憲法変動とカナダ最高裁判所の役割
  佐々木 雅寿
  全国憲法研究会, 10 Oct. 2016, Japanese, Oral presentation
  [Invited], [Domestic Conference]

• 演習Ⅱ, 2024年, 学士課程, 法学部
• 社会の認識, 2024年, 学士課程, 全学教育
• 専門横断科目（一般科目）：人文社会科学, 2024年, 学士課程, 専門横断科目
• 公法事例問題研究Ⅰ, 2024年, 法科大学院, 法学研究科

• 日本公法学会

• 憲法訴訟における第三者の関与と立法事実の取扱方法に関する具体的制度設計の研究
  科学研究費助成事業
  01 Apr. 2022 - 31 Mar. 2025
  佐々木 雅寿
  日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(C), 北海道大学, 22K01150
• Study on the adoptability and planning of "Reference" or "Advisory Opinion" in Japan
  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
  01 Apr. 2018 - 31 Mar. 2022
  SASAKI Masatoshi
  The following system of "Reference" or "Advisory Opinion" can be adopted in Japan under the Constitution of Japan, and can reinforce the function of protecting human rights and constitutional norms through constitutional review in Japan. (1) the Cabinet or definite numbers of a member of the Diet, (2) can refer to the Supreme Court, (3) constitutional questions that are not able to be reviewed by courts through conventional constitutional review, in which system (4) interested national and local authorities, private persons or groups are able to intervene, (5) legislative facts and other information are collected, (6) constitutional lawyers argue and develop the issues, (7) constitutional lawyers support the Court as ad hoc law clerks, and (8) the Supreme Court renders advisory opinions with fully developed reasons.
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Hokkaido University, 18K01233
• Reformation of the fundamental structure of the judiciary through publication and participation.
  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
  01 Apr. 2015 - 31 Mar. 2019
  sasada eiji; KAWAGISHI NORIKAZU
  On publication, there has been a slight improvement in disclosure of courts’ information with involvement of the disinterested body, but little betterment in publication of criminal trials. There is yet room for improvement in publication of trials by the mass media, especially by television broadcast. On participation, it is demonstrated that popular review of appointments to the Supreme Court could be more effective if a neutral advisory committee composed of specialists participates in the appointment process of the Supreme Court Justices. We held a symposium on “amicus curiae” in the United States of America, Canada, Germany, France, Korea and Japan, and demonstrated that intervention of amicus curiae in constitutional litigations is of primal importance. The contents of the symposium will be published in “THE HOKKAIDO LAW REVIEW” in 2019.
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Waseda University, 15H03291
• Basic study on the functions of lower courts and citizens in the ongoing constitutional dialogue.
  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
  01 Apr. 2015 - 31 Mar. 2018
  SASAKI Masatoshi
  The protection of human rights and constitutional norms cannot be accomplished only by the Supreme Court rulings that the statute in question is unconstitutional. Ongoing constitutional dialogue or interaction between the Supreme Court and the political branches is indispensable for the constitutional protection.
  In ongoing constitutional dialogue, lower courts judgments that the statute in question is unconstitutional and citizens’ consciousness of human rights and constitutional norms have strong influence on the Supreme Court’s judgments on the constitutional issues. In that sense, the functions of lower courts and citizens are significant in ongoing constitutional dialogue for the protection of human rights and constitutional norms.
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Hokkaido University, 15K03098
• A study of the intersection of "a dynamic theory" and "a normative theory" about the bicameral system
  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
  01 Apr. 2013 - 31 Mar. 2016
  OKADA Nobuhiro; TAKAMI Katsutoshi; NISHIMURA Yuichi; TADANO Masahito; TOKUNAGA Takashi; ASANO Yoshiharu; TSUNEMOTO Teruki; SASAKI Masatoshi; KATO Kazuhiko; KINOSHITA Kazuaki; ARAI Makoto; KUROSAWA Shuichiro; SAITO Masaaki; MUSASHI Katsuhiro
  The Japanese parliamentary politics is in a confusion state. Our study is going to research the measures that dissolve and overcome this "confusion state" through a investigation of the intersection of "a dynamic theory" and "a normative theory" about the bicameral system.
  A normative theory does predominance in a dynamic theory in Italy and France, and it seems to be tied to an active argument over the system reform in two countries. In contrast, we had an impression that "a dynamic theory" did predominance in U.K., Germany, and Australia. The argument in Japan is placed to the former, but the institutional reforms do not readily advance.
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Hokkaido University, 25245005
• Interdisciplinary Study on Japan-specific Indigenous Policy as Constitutional Policy
  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
  01 Apr. 2011 - 31 Mar. 2016
  Tsunemoto Teruki; SASAKI MASATOSHI; YAMASHITA RYUICHI; HASEGAWA KO; TSUJI YASUO; KITAHARA JIROUTA; YAMASAKI KOJI; KATO HIROFUMI
  The project pursued an indigenous people policy which fits in with the unique realities of the Ainu and Japan. It became clear that it's appropriate to revive ethnic culture of Ainu by placing the Ainu’s right to choose one’s ethnic identity on the article 13 of the Japanese Constitution and by imposing the obligation to realize the right on the government. Cultural revival is necessary to advance national understanding of the Ainu people and of a comprehensive policy to improve the social status of the Ainu. The cultural rehabilitation also is effective to increase young Ainu who tackle various issues for the improvement of their social status.
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Hokkaido University, 23243004
• Basic Study on the Dialogue between the Supreme Court and Political Branches.
  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
  01 Apr. 2012 - 31 Mar. 2015
  SASAKI Masatoshi
  In Canada, constitutional dialogues between the Supreme Court of Canada and the Parliament are widely recognized especially when statutes are held unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of Canada. The protection of constitutional human rights can be achieved not through the constitutional review by the Supreme Court of Canada alone, but through the constitutional dialogues between the Supreme Court of Canada and the Parliament.
  It is demonstrated that the similar constitutional dialogues between the Supreme Court of Japan and the Diet are common in Japan. The protection of human rights and constitutional norms can be attained through the constitutional dialogues between the Supreme Court of Japan and the Diet as well in Japan.
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Hokkaido University, 24530017
• Empirical and Comparative Study on Revitalization of Judicial Review
  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
  01 Apr. 2011 - 31 Mar. 2015
  SASADA eiji; YAMAMOTO Hajime; MURAKAMI Hiroaki; SHISHIDO Joji; HAYASHI Tomonobu; KOKUBUN Noriko; SUZUKI Hidemi; SASAKI Masatoshi; AKASAKA Masahiro; NAKABAYASHI Akio
  In Canada, constitutional dialogues between the Supreme Court of Canada and the Parliament are widely recognized especially when the Supreme Court of Canada holds laws unconstitutional. It is demonstrated that the similar constitutional dialogues between the Supreme Court and the Diet are common as well in Japan. The systems of constitutional review in Canada and Japan could be characterized as the hybrid system which are different both from the American and the German systems.
  Our study on “The Functions of Law Clerks in the Constitutional Litigation” will be published in the Hokkaido Law Review Vol. 66 No. 2 which can be accessed freely through internet. Our study on the functions of law clerks in Germany, France, the United States of America, Canada, South Korea and Japan is unprecedented and is of significance for the comparative examination of constitutional review.
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), 23330007
• The study on bicameral system from a point of view of the comparative legislative process
  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
  01 Apr. 2009 - 31 Mar. 2014
  OKADA Nobuhiro; TAKAMI Katsutoshi; ASANO Yoshiharu; TADANO Masahito; SASADA Eiji; MUSASHI Katsuhiro; TSUNEMOTO Teruki; SASAKI Masatoshi; KATO Kazuhiko; INA Masaki; KINOSHITA Kazuaki; ARAI Makoto; SAITO Masaaki
  The legislative activity in the Japanese Diet was confused as a result of the appearance of the "twisted Parliament". This study tries to clarify a method to overcome the situation, while investigating any institutional and political causes of this confusion.
  We made the analysis on bicameral system from a point of view unlike the study of the conventional constitutional study, namely from that of comparative legislative process. Concretely speaking, we carried out the positive study from a viewpoint of the political structure theory, as well as the typology.
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Hokkaido University, 21243003
• Basic study on the normative aspects of multiculturalism
  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
  2009 - 2011
  SASAKI Masatoshi
  This study tried to clarify the normative aspects of multiculturalism under the constitution of Japan, especially the normative relationship between multiculturalism and affirmative action, through the comparative study between Japan and Canada in which multiculturalism is provided as the constitutional principle. The conclusion of this study is as follows : at least the group, as well as the individual members of the group, which have been discriminated by the government and the maintenance of the culture of the group is difficult as a result of the discrimination, should have the right to claim certain affirmative action.
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Hokkaido University, 21530019
• Study on Domestic Implementation of "UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples"in Japan.
  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
  2007 - 2010
  TSUNEMOTO Teruki; SASAKI Masatoshi; YAMASHITA Ryuichi; KUWAYAMA Takami; HASEGAWA Ko; TSUJI Yasuo; AIZAWA Hisashi; YAMASAKI Koji; HONDA Shunwa
  UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples enumerates individual and group rights necessary for the indigenous peoples in general. It also recognizes each and every indigenous peoples and countries to seek to realize the Declaration's rights according to their concrete conditions. Japanese parliament and government finally recognized the Ainu people to be the indigenous people of northern Japan in 2008. Based on intensive and interdisciplinary research, we assert that Japan's new Ainu policy should be based on the Article 13 of the Japanese Constitution stipulating respect for individuality and its purpose should be the materialization of a society where an ethnic Ainu can freely live with Ainu's identity.
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Hokkaido University, 19203002
• The Comparative and Synthetic Study of New Legislation Trends andPlural Legislation Processes in the Changing Era
  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
  2005 - 2008
  OKADA Nobuhiro; TSUNEMOTO Teruki; SASADA Eiji; SASAKI Masatoshi; MIYAWAKI Atsushi; MUNESUE Toshiyuki; ASANO Yoshiharu; MUSASHI Katsuhiro; ONO Yoshiyasu; INA Masaki; KINOSHITA Kazuaki; SAITO Masaaki; ARAI Makoto; TAKAMI Katsutoshi; FUKASE Tadakazu
  近時、わが国の法体系や立法過程の在り方に「地殻変動」が起きているとの指摘があるが、こうした現象は日本に特有のものとは考えられない。グローバル化の圧力の下で、多くの国が政治・経済・社会のあらゆる分野での改革を余儀なくされているからである。本共同研究は、このような状況認識の下に、変革期における立法動向と立法過程を国際的な視角から実証的かつ総合的に分析することを通して、日本の新世紀における立法や立法過程のあるべき方向性を追究したものである。
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Hokkaido University, 17203004
• Basic Research on Indigenous Rights as Group Rights
  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
  2005 - 2007
  SASAKI Masatoshi
  1. Aboriginal Rights in Canada
  Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982 protects aboriginal rights which include the aboriginal title to land use, the right to fishing and hunting, and the right to self-government. The right to land and to fishing is held to be group rights.
  2. Relation Between Individuals and Groups under the Constitution of Japan
  The following points can be made concerning the relation between individuals and groups within the normative framework of the Constitution of Japan that provides the principle of respecting individuals by article 13 on the one hand and protects the freedom of association by article 21 on the other hand. First, individuals, as natural persons, originally enjoy human rights, second, freedom of forming, joining and withdrawing from associations is originally guaranteed to individuals, third, associations founded by the intention of individual members enjoy as associations certain human rights, fourth, certain association could exercise certain human rights collectively, which means that certain "collective human rights" could be constitutionally protected, even if the principle respecting individuals and autonomous decision of individuals is regarded as of fundamental importance, fifth, it is not always the case under the principle respecting individuals that the dignity of individuals can be maintained only when individuals are independent individuals, not members of groups and under the constitutional principle respecting individuals and autonomous decision of individuals, individuals should enjoy the freedom to decide the essential elements of his or her dignity and the methods of maintaining the dignity.
  3. Possibility of Group Indigenous Rights
  Under the normative framework of the Constitution of Japan, group indigenous rights are not denied in toto, if certain indigenous rights can be constitutionally protected.
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), 17530026
• Basic Research on Indigenous Rights of Ainu People
  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
  2002 - 2004
  SASAKI Masatoshi
  The ‘Law concerning Promotion of Ainu Culture and Dissemination and Enlightenment of Knowledge about Ainu Traditions" was enacted in 1997. The purpose of the law is to realize a society in which the pride of the Ainu as a people is respected, and to contribute to the development of diverse cultures in our society through promotion of Ainu culture. This law, however, does not explicitly affirm the indigenousness of Ainu people and does not affirm indigenous rights of Ainu people.
  The dominant theory of the Constitutional law of Japan denies the indigenous rights of Ainu people. Some commentators, however, try to demonstrate that Ainu people enjoy indigenous rights under the Constitution of Japan. One argues that indigenous rights can be protected as collective rights of "the right to maintain the minimum standards of wholesome and cultured living" in Article 25 of the Constitution. The other understands indigenous rights as the right to enjoy his or her own culture of social minorities. Sapporo District Court held in 1997 that Ainu people are guaranteed the right to enjoy his or her own culture by the Article 13 of the Constitution.
  The part II of the Constitution Act, 1982 of Canada guarantees Rights of the Aboriginal peoples of Canada Section 35 affirms "the existing aboriginal and treaty rights of aboriginal peoples of Canada". Section 35.1 affirms the principle that the representatives of the aboriginal peoples of Canada be invited to the constitutional conference that includes in its agenda an item relating to the proposed amendment to sections concerning aboriginal rights.
  Section 25 of Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms stipulates that "the guarantee in this Charter of certain rights and freedoms shall not be construed so as to abrogate or derogate from any aboriginal, treaty or other rights or freedoms that pertain to the aboriginal peoples of Canada".
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Osaka City university, 14520026
• THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS AND ENFORCEMENT SITUATION IN RESPECT OF LAWS TO REFORM THE MECHANISMS OF GOVERNMENT AND INSPECTION OF THE "LEGISLATIVE FACTS"
  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
  2001 - 2002
  OKADA Nobuhiro; KOBAYAKAWA Mituo; HAYASHI Tomonobu; TSUNEMOTO Teruki; SASAKI Masatoshi; MAEDA Hideaki
  (1) Academics with allotted reporting responsibilities and professionals who had been requested to cooperate in this collaborative research gathered at Hokkaido University for the session scheduled from 19-21 August 2002. Presentations from those working in the field were given by Mr Yukinobu TACHIBANA "An Attempt to Give Shape to Practical Science of Legislation" and Mr Norio YAMAOKA "Activities of Research Commission on the Constitution". Further, to complement Mr YAMAOKA's presentation, Mr. TACHIBANA gave a supplementary reoprt.
  (2) From academics allotted reporting responsibilities, the following presentations were made and views exchanged among the reporting academics : Nobuhiro OKADA "Evaluation of the Amended Cabinet Law", Teruki TSUNEMOTO "The state of enactment of the New Ainu Law", Masatoshi SASAKI "The structures promoting reform of the judicial system", Yoshiyasu ONO "The state of schools after enactment of the National Flag, National Anthem Law" and Katsutoshi TAKAMI "The decay of politics and political ethics".
  (3) Some of the results of the above summer session have either already been published or are soon expected to be published.
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 13420005
• 公共的利益の保護と裁判所の役割
  科学研究費助成事業
  1999 - 2000
  佐々木 雅寿
  (1)カナダの憲法学者・行政法学者・裁判官から研究のレヴューを受ける
  平成12年9月17から同月27日まで、カナダオンタリオ州のトロント市に赴き、トロント大学法学部のH.ジャニッシュ教授(行政法の専門家)およびP.マツクレム教授(先住民法・憲法の専門家)から、そして、オンタリオ州控訴裁判所R.シャープ裁判官(憲法訴訟の専門家)およびオンタリオ州上級裁判所K.スウィントン裁判官(憲法・労働法の専門家)からそれぞれ研究のレヴューを受けた。カナダにおける環境保護に関する最近の動きとしては、先住民の自治政府による環境保護政策を連邦および州レベルでどの程度法律上組み込むかが争点の一つとなっていることが指摘された。
  (2)日本の環境訴訟に関する検討
  わが国の現行の実体法・訴訟法体系が個人の権利利益を保護することを主要な目的として構築されているため、訴訟提起の段階、裁判所の審査の段階、そして、救済の段階のすべてにおいて、公益を裁判所によって保護することはかなり困難である。しかし、行政事件訴訟法のいわゆる客観訴訟において行政行為の適法性といういわば公的な利益の保護が裁判所の重要な機能の一つとして認められていることからすれば、現行の枠内においても裁判所が公的な利益を保護する機能を持つことを禁じられていると解することはできない。
  (3)日本における裁判所の役割とカナダにおけるそれとの相違
  上記のように日本の裁判制度は基本的には個人の私的な利益を保護するためのものと観念されている。それに対しカナダの裁判所は、個人の私的利益の保護を主要な機能と捉えつつも、副次的ないしは第二次的には、法律の規定に従って公益を保護する機能も重視している。これは議会が法律により特定の公益を保護する機能を裁判所に与えたことが主な根拠となっていると考えられる。
  (4)若干の提言
  わが国の裁判所の機能は少なくとも憲法上個人の私的な利益の保護に限定されておらず、裁判所が法律の要請に従って一定の公益を保護することは可能であると考えられる。法の支配の要素に個人の私的権利利益の保護のみならず、法律に従った公益保護もありうることの研究が今後必要となろう。
  日本学術振興会, 奨励研究(A), 大阪市立大学, 11720013
• 憲法訴訟の救済方法に関する基礎的研究
  科学研究費助成事業
  1997 - 1998
  佐々木 雅寿
  (1) 憲法上の救済方法の類型
  カナダでは憲法上の救済方法として、違憲な部分を含む法律を全体として無効とする無効判決、一つの法律の違憲な部分と合憲な部分とを分離し、違憲な部分のみを無効とする分離の手法、文言上は違憲に見える法律を限定的に解釈することにより、その法律の合憲性を保つ合憲限定解釈、過小包摂のために違憲となる法律に、合憲となるための条件を読みこむ合憲補充解釈、ある法律を一般的に合憲と判断しつつ、特定の個人や集団に対する当該法律の適用のみを違憲として排除する合憲的適用除外、そして、法律を無効とする違憲判決の効力発生を一定期間停止し、違憲の法律に対応する機会を議会に与える無効性の一時的停止が判例上開発された。
  (2) 裁判所と議会の関係
  カナダでは、人権保障のために憲法上の救済を与えることは裁判所の権限であると同時に裁判所に課された義務であると理解されている。しかし、裁判所が救済権限を行使する際、議会と裁判所との適切な関係を維持することも憲法上重要である。議会の立法権限や予算配分権限を侵害せずに効果的に人権を救済する方法がカナダで模索されている。この場合特に重要なことは、議会と裁判所の関係を静的に捉えるのではなく、時間の流れの中で動的に捉え、裁判所の判決の後議会が対応し、その議会の対応を再度裁判所が審査するといった関係を前提にして、裁判所の違憲判決は議会の判断権限を侵害しないという理解がカナダにあることである。
  (3) トロント大学教授等による研究のレヴュー
  平成10年9月8日から9月15日の間、カナダのトロントに出張し、トロント大学法学部ジャニッシュ教授、オンタリオ州上級裁判所スウィントン裁判官、シャープ裁判官から研究のレヴューを受けた。
  日本学術振興会, 奨励研究(A), 大阪市立大学, 09720014
• カナダ憲法の研究
  Competitive research funding
• 違憲審査制の研究
  Competitive research funding
• Study on Canadian Constitutional law
  Competitive research funding
• Study on Constitutional Review
  Competitive research funding