PHD, University of British Columbia

Phylogenomics

Evolution

Systematics

Phylogenetics

Marine Biology

Biodiversity

ライフサイエンス, 多様性生物学、分類学

ライフサイエンス, 進化生物学

ライフサイエンス, 形態、構造

ライフサイエンス, 細胞生物学

ライフサイエンス, 分子生物学

修士課程, 理学院

博士課程, 理学院

2019年04月, Hokkaido University, Young Researcher Award
Kevin Wakeman

2013年, University of British Columbia, Zoology Department, Zoology Graduate Student Award
Kevin Wakeman

Taxonomic re-evaluation of the Braarudosphaera bigelowii species complex (Prymnesiophyceae)
Kyoko Hagino; Yoshihito Takano; Kevin C. Wakeman; Takeo Horiguchi; Naotaka Tomioka; Ken-ichiro Ishida; Chinatsu Tsukakoshi; Atsushi Nakamura; Kendra Turk-Kubo; Ana María Cabello; Siratee Riewluang; Aika Yamaguchi; Katsunori Kimoto; Masahide Wakita; Masanobu Kawachi; Mary-Hélène Noël; Noriaki Ozaki; Tomohiro Nishimura; Masao Adachi; Keizo Nagasaki; Jonathan P. Zehr
Phycologia, 2026年05月04日
研究論文（学術雑誌）

Diversity of convolutid acoels (Convolutidae, Acoela) in Hokkaido, Japan, including a description of the symbiont-bearing Amphiscolops ranshimensis n. sp.
Siratee Riewluang; Regine C. Manglicmot; Shaun Cunningham; Matthew D. Hooge; Rintaro Ono; Hiroshi Kajihara; Brian S. Leander; Kevin C. Wakeman
Zoologischer Anzeiger, 322, 96, 109, Elsevier BV, 2026年05月, ［査読有り］, ［国際共著］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Diversity and toxicity of Coolia from the Ryukyu Islands, with a description of Coolia kabiraensis sp. nov
Shaun Cunningham; Siratee Riewluang; Aika Yamaguchi; Anne Rolton; Kevin C. Wakeman
HARMFUL ALGAE, 154, 103075, 103075, 2026年04月, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Global diversity and distribution of coral-associated protists
Javier del Campo; Anthony M. Bonacolta; Bradley A. Weiler; Ben Knowles; Amy Apprill; Michael D. Fox; Kevin C. Wakeman; Mark J. A. Vermeij; Forest Rohwer; Patrick J. Keeling
2026年01月22日

Multiple independent origins of asexuality and polyploidy among cryptic species of the brown alga Scytosiphon promiscuus (Scytosiphonaceae, Ectocarpales)
Masakazu Hoshino; Masanori Hiraoka; Kevin C. Wakeman; Shimpei F. Hiruta; Kazuhiro Kogame
PHYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 74, 1, 8, 21, 2026年01月
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

A Practical Approach to Study Uncultivated Protists Using Single-Cell Techniques for Electron Microscopy.
Maia V Palka; Kevin C Wakeman; Eunji Park; Gordon Lax; Brian S Leander
The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology, 73, 2, e70061, 2026年, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Protists represent a significant portion of eukaryotic diversity with a wide range of ecological roles, lifestyles, and diverse morphological traits. Despite their widespread importance in ecological systems and their potential as model organisms, most protist lineages remain poorly characterized, in part due to their small size and the fact that many lineages remain uncultivated. High-resolution microscopy techniques like transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) are powerful tools for studying protists, but the application of these techniques has significant limitations when applied to uncultivated species, largely due to the absence of reproducible methodologies tailored to studying single cells with small sample sizes. We present a robust protocol for preparing individual eukaryotic cells for TEM and SEM that addresses these limitations, can be implemented in the field, and uses inexpensive and easily obtainable materials. Our method minimizes cell loss during sample preparation for TEM and SEM, and it enables the tracking of single cells through TEM preparation to ensure cells can be localized and oriented appropriately for ultramicrotome sectioning. This protocol expands the feasibility of ultrastructural studies on uncultivated protist lineages and aims to make high-resolution microscopy more accessible for the broader community of protistologists who study uncultivated taxa.

High genetic diversity of Labyrinthula spp. inhabiting mangrove leaf detritus in Okinawa, Japan
Natalia C. Arana; Siratee Riewluang; Fernando Arteaga Arteaga; Marcel Pascal Beier; Kevin C. Wakeman
MARINE BIOLOGY, 173, 1, 2025年12月02日
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Non-photosynthetic Plastid Replacement by a Primary Plastid in the Making
Yong Heng Phua; Dewi Langlet; Bruno M. Humbel; Arno Hagenbeek; Vasyl Vaskivskyi; Kevin Wakeman; Filip Husnik
2025年10月08日

Molecular phylogeny of Tetraselmis with a description of Tetraselmis convallis sp. nov. (Chlorodendrophyceae, Chlorophyta) isolated from a convolutid acoel (Convolutidae)
Siratee Riewluang; Kevin C. Wakeman
PHYCOLOGIA, 64, 4, 311, 321, 2025年07月04日
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Divergent Plastid Genomes in the Deepest-Branching Apicomplexan Parasites.
Gordon Lax; Waldan K Kwong; Ina Na; Victoria K L Jacko-Reynolds; Morelia Trznadel; Chloe S E House; Varsha Mathur; Kevin C Wakeman; Patrick J Keeling
Genome biology and evolution, 17, 6, 2025年05月30日, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Comparative Sensitivity of MRI Indices for Myelin Assessment in Spinal Cord Regions.
Philip Kyeremeh Jnr Oppong; Hiroyuki Hamaguchi; Maho Kitagawa; Nina Patzke; Kevin C Wakeman; Khin Khin Tha
Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.), 11, 1, 2025年01月14日, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Ultrastructure of Olkasia polycarbonata (Euglenozoa, Euglenida) demonstrates cytoskeletal innovations associated with the feeding and flagellar apparatuses.
Maia V Palka; Regine Claire Manglicmot; Gordon Lax; Kevin C Wakeman; Brian S Leander
The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology, 72, 1, e13074, 2025年, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Phylogenomic diversity of archigregarine apicomplexans.
Gordon Lax; Eunji Park; Ina Na; Victoria Jacko-Reynolds; Waldan K Kwong; Chloe S E House; Morelia Trznadel; Kevin Wakeman; Brian S Leander; Patrick Keeling
Open biology, 14, 9, 240141, 240141, 2024年09月, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Marine microturbellarians from Japan, with descriptions of two new species of Reinhardorhynchus (Platyhelminthes, Rhabdocoela, Koinocystididae)
Aoi Tsuyuki; Jhoe Reyes; Yuki Oya; Kevin C. Wakeman; Brian S. Leander; Niels W. L. Van Steenkiste
ZOOSYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION, 100, 3, 877, 895, 2024年07月03日
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Taxonomic study of the polyphyletic Dudresnaya (Dumontiaceae, Florideophyceae) with descriptions of Dudresnaya ryukyuensis sp. nov. and two new genera, Himehibirhodia and Nudresdaya
Masakazu Hoshino; Kevin C. Wakeman; Aki Kato; Taiju Kitayama; Alison R. Sherwood; Shinya Uwai; Kazuhiro Kogame
PHYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 72, 2, 133, 148, 2024年04月
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

GINSA: an accumulator for paired locality and next-generation small ribosomal subunit sequence data.
Eric Odle; Samuel Kahng; Siratee Riewluang; Kyoko Kurihara; Kevin C Wakeman
Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 40, 4, 2024年03月29日, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Parallel functional reduction in the mitochondria of apicomplexan parasites.
Patrick J Keeling; Mahara Mtawali; Morelia Trznadel; Samuel J Livingston; Kevin C Wakeman
European journal of protistology, 94, 126065, 126065, 2024年03月09日, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Pacific marine gregarines (Apicomplexa) shed light on biogeographic speciation patterns and novel diversity among early apicomplexans
Eric Odle; Siratee Riewluang; Kentaro Ageishi; Hiroshi Kajihara; Kevin C. Wakeman
European Journal of Protistology, 94, 126080, 126080, 2024年03月, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Coral geometry and why it matters.
Samuel E Kahng; Eric Odle; Kevin C Wakeman
PeerJ, 12, e17037, 2024年, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Patterns of host-parasite associations between marine meiofaunal flatworms (Platyhelminthes) and rhytidocystids (Apicomplexa).
Niels W L Van Steenkiste; Kevin C Wakeman; Bill Söderström; Brian S Leander
Scientific reports, 13, 1, 21050, 21050, 2023年11月29日, ［査読有り］, ［筆頭著者, 責任著者］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Phylogenomics shows that novel tapeworm-like traits of haplozoan parasites evolved from within the Peridiniales (Dinoflagellata).
Eunji Park; Elizabeth Cooney; Yong Heng Phua; Takeo Horiguchi; Filip Husnik; Patrick Keeling; Kevin Wakeman; Brian Leander
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 186, 107859, 107859, 2023年09月, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Bacterial communities and toxin profiles of Ostreopsis (Dinophyceae) from the Pacific island of Okinawa, Japan.
Yong Heng Phua; Javier Tejeda; Michael C Roy; Filip Husnik; Kevin C Wakeman
European journal of protistology, 89, 125976, 125976, 2023年03月30日, ［査読有り］, ［最終著者, 責任著者］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Reconstruction of plastid proteomes of apicomplexans and close relatives reveals the major evolutionary outcomes of cryptic plastids.
Varsha Mathur; Eric D Salomaki; Kevin C Wakeman; Ina Na; Waldan K Kwong; Martin Kolisko; Patrick J Keeling
Molecular biology and evolution, 40, 1, 2023年01月05日, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

EXPRESSION PATTERNS OF THE THREE AROMATASE ISOFORMS AND EFFECT OF EDITING CONCEPTUS CYP19A2 EXPRESSION ON MAINTENANCE OF PREGNANCY IN THE PIG
Kevin Wakeman
MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT, 2023年
研究論文（学術雑誌）

Biodiversity of symbiotic microalgae associated with meiofaunal marine acoels in Southern Japan.
Siratee Riewluang; Kevin C Wakeman
PeerJ, 11, e16078, 2023年, ［査読有り］, ［最終著者, 責任著者］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Morphology and molecular phylogeny of the benthic dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae, Peridiniales) Amphidiniopsis crumena n. sp. and Amphidiniopsis nileribanjensis n. sp.
Aika Yamaguchi; Mona Hoppenrath; Shauna Murray; Anna Liza Kretzschmar; Takeo Horiguchi; Kevin C Wakeman
European journal of protistology, 87, 125940, 125940, 2022年11月07日, ［最終著者］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Phylogeny of Amphidinium (Dinophyceae) from Guam and Okinawa, with descriptions of A. pagoense sp. nov. and A. uduigamense sp. nov.
Yong Heng Phua; Filip Husnik; Sarah Lemer; Kevin C. Wakeman
PHYCOLOGIA, 2022年04月, ［査読有り］, ［最終著者, 責任著者］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Description of an Enigmatic Alveolate, Platyproteum noduliferae n. sp., and Reconstruction of its Flagellar Apparatus.
Koh Yokouchi; Davis Iritani; Kay Hian Lim; Yong Heng Phua; Takeo Horiguchi; Kevin C Wakeman
Protist, 173, 3, 125878, 125878, 2022年04月01日, ［査読有り］, ［最終著者, 責任著者］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Platyproteum is an enigmatic, monotypic genus formerly assigned to the Apicomplexa, until a recent phylogenomic study demonstrated that it diverged from the base of the chromerid/colpodellid (chrompodellid) taxa and apicomplexan clade. In the present study, a new species, P. noduliferae n. sp., is described using a combination of morphological and molecular data. Moreover, a reconstruction of the flagellar apparatus is presented to characterize the presence of flagella which was, until this study, an unknown trait for this genus. Phylogenetic analyses using rDNA sequences suggested that P. noduliferae n. sp. is a sister species of P. vivax, diverging from the base of chrompodellids and apicomplexans. This study provides new morphological data that corroborates the position of Platyproteum amongst other biflagellate species, contributing to an improved understanding of Platyproteum and the evolutionary changes undergone by some marine alveolates as they transitioned into obligate parasitic life styles.

Diversity and toxicity of Pacific strains of the benthic dinoflagellate Coolia (Dinophyceae), with a look at the Coolia canariensis species complex
Yong Heng Phua; Michael C. Roy; Sarah Lemer; Filip Husnik; Kevin C. Wakeman
Harmful Algae, 109, 102120, 102120, Elsevier BV, 2021年10月, ［査読有り］, ［最終著者, 責任著者］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Coolia Meunier 1919 from benthic assemblages of Hawai'i and Guam were isolated and clonal cultures were established from single cells. Cultures were identified to species-level based on 28S rRNA and ITS-5.8S rRNA genes and tested for toxicity. In Hawai'i, two strains of C. malayensis were isolated. In Guam, a high biodiversity was identified: four strains of C. malayensis, one strain of C. palmyrensis, one strain of C. tropicalis, one strain of C. canariensis phylogroup III, and two strains forming a new phylogroup (phylogroup IV) of nontoxic C. canariensis. Morphology of the new C. canariensis phylogroup was described using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Mass cultures and methanol extracts of representative cultures (C. malayensis, C. palmyrensis, C. canariensis, C. tropicalis) from Guam were prepared for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Chemical analyses revealed yessotoxin analogue C56H78O18S2 is produced by C. malayensis, C. canariensis phylogroup IV and C. palmyrensis, but other analogues, C57H80O18S2 and C58H86O18S2, were only found in C. malayensis (Okinawa) and C. canariensis phylogroup IV. Individual toxin profiles were also different over time for an Okinawa strain of C. malayensis (NIES-3637), highlighting intra and inter-species variation in Yessotoxin-analogue expression. Biological activity was tested using Artemia bioassay and toxicity was observed in Guam and Okinawa strains of C. malayensis. Strong support of four distinct clades within the C. canariensis species complex was recovered in phylogenetic analyses, despite morphological similarities.

Parallel functional reduction in the mitochondria of apicomplexan parasites.
Varsha Mathur; Kevin C Wakeman; Patrick J Keeling
Current biology : CB, 31, 13, 2920, 2928, 2021年07月12日, ［査読有り］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Gregarines are an early-diverging lineage of apicomplexan parasites that hold many clues into the origin and evolution of the group, a remarkable transition from free-living phototrophic algae into obligate parasites of animals.1 Using single-cell transcriptomics targeting understudied lineages to complement available sequencing data, we characterized the mitochondrial metabolic repertoire across the tree of apicomplexans. In contrast to the large suite of proteins involved in aerobic respiration in well-studied parasites like Toxoplasma or Plasmodium,2 we find that gregarine trophozoites have significantly reduced energy metabolism: most lack respiratory complexes III and IV, and some lack the electron transport chains (ETCs) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle entirely. Phylogenomic analyses show that these reductions took place several times in parallel, resulting in a functional range from fully aerobic organelles to extremely reduced "mitosomes" restricted to Fe-S cluster biosynthesis. The mitochondrial genome has also been lost repeatedly: in species with severe functional reduction simply by gene loss but in one species with a complete ETC by relocating cox1 to the nuclear genome. Severe functional reduction of mitochondria is generally associated with structural reduction, resulting in small, nondescript mitochondrial-related organelles (MROs).3 By contrast, gregarines retain distinctive mitochondria with tubular cristae, even the most functionally reduced cases that also lack genes associated with cristae formation. Overall, the parallel, severe reduction of gregarine mitochondria expands the diversity of organisms that contain MROs and further emphasizes the role of parallel transitions in apicomplexan evolution.

New gregarine species (Apicomplexa) from tunicates show an evolutionary history of host switching and suggest a problem with the systematics of Lankesteria and Lecudina.
Davis Iritani; Jonathan C Banks; Stephen C Webb; Andrew Fidler; Takeo Horiguchi; Kevin C Wakeman
Journal of invertebrate pathology, 183, 107622, 107622, 2021年07月, ［査読有り］, ［最終著者, 責任著者］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Apicomplexa (sensu stricto) are a diverse group of obligate parasites to a variety of animal species. Gregarines have been the subject of particular interest due to their diversity, phylogenetically basal position, and more recently, their symbiotic relationships with their hosts. In the present study, four new species of marine eugregarines infecting ascidian hosts (Lankesteria kaiteriteriensis sp. nov., L. dolabra sp. nov., L. savignyii sp. nov., and L. pollywoga sp. nov.) were described using a combination of morphological and molecular data. Phylogenetic analysis using small subunit rDNA sequences suggested that gregarines that parasitize ascidians and polychaetes share a common origin as traditionally hypothesized by predecessors in the discipline. However, Lankesteria and Lecudina species did not form clades as expected, but were instead intermixed amongst each other and their respective type species in the phylogeny. These two major genera are therefore taxonomically problematic. We hypothesize that the continued addition of new species from polychaete and tunicate hosts as well as the construction of multigene phylogenies that include type-material will further dissolve the currently accepted distinction between Lankesteria and Lecudina. The species discovered and described in the current study add new phylogenetic and taxonomic data to the knowledge of marine gregarine parasitism in ascidian hosts.

Evidence for Host Jumping and Diversification of Marine Cephaloidophorid Gregarines (Apicomplexa) Between Two Distantly Related Animals, viz., Crustaceans and Salps.
Kevin C Wakeman; Shimpei Hiruta; Yusuke Kondo; Susumu Ohtsuka
Protist, 172, 4, 125822, 125822, 2021年06月20日, ［査読有り］, ［筆頭著者, 責任著者］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, This study examined the evolutionary history and diversity of marine gregarine parasites of pelagic zooplankton, and highlighted a unique example of a host-jumping event of cephaloidophorid gregarines between two distantly related host groups, crustaceans and chordates. Candacia bipinnata Giesbrecht, 1889, a free-living calanoid copepod, and a salp, Salpa fusiformis Cuvier, 1804, were collected on oceanic research cruises in 2018 and 2019, in the West Pacific aboard TRV SEISUI MARU and TOYOSHIO MARU, respectively. A molecular phylogeny based on 18S rDNA nested the gregarine parasite from S. fusiformis among cephaloidophorids, within a clade exclusively comprised of gregarines from crustaceans. The relationship between these groups was underpinned with ultrastructural data including the presence of a septum, and similarities in the apices of the epicytic folds. Subsequently, it was concluded to establish a new combination, Cephaloidophora cf. flava n. comb (Ex. Thalicola flava) and transfer the other two members of the Thalicola (also parasites of salps) to the Cephaloidophora. This study also attempted to ascertain the origin of cephaloidophorids in S. fusiformis. However, the relationship between Cephaloidophora bipinnatae n. sp., and C. cf. flava n. comb. had only modest support.

Grappleria corona gen. et sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Jenseniidae fam. nov.) and an updated molecular phylogeny of 'dalyelliid' and temnocephalid microturbellarians
Niels W. L. Van Steenkiste; Natalie Rivlin; Penelope Kahn; Kevin Wakeman; Brian S. Leander
SYSTEMATICS AND BIODIVERSITY, 19, 3, 261, 272, 2021年04月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

A non-functional copy of the salmonid sex determining gene (sdY) is responsible for the "apparent" XY females in Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha.
Kevin Wakeman
bioRxiv, 2021年
研究論文（学術雑誌）

A new record of the marine chaetonotid gastrotrich genus Diuronotus (Paucitubulatina: Muselliferidae) from the Sea of Japan
Niels W. L. Van Steenkiste; Kevin C. Wakeman; Brian S. Leander
ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER, 290, 113, 116, 2021年01月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Molecular phylogeny and ultrastructure of two novel parasitic dinoflagellates,Haplozoon gracile sp. nov. and H. pugnus sp. nov.
Mana Yamamoto; Kevin C. Wakeman; Shinri Tomioka; Takeo Horiguchi
PHYCOLOGIA, 59, 4, 305, 319, 2020年07月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Molecular Phylogeny of Marine Gregarines (Apicomplexa) from the Sea of Japan and the Northwest Pacific Including the Description of Three Novel Species of Selenidium and Trollidium akkeshiense n. gen. n. sp.
Kevin C Wakeman
Protist, 171, 1, 125710, 125710, 2020年02月, ［査読有り］, ［筆頭著者, 責任著者］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, This study set out to bolster morphological and molecular datasets of marine gregarine apicomplexans. Gregarines were sampled from the Sea of Japan and Northwest Pacific from cirratuliform polychaetes (Acrocirridae, Cirratulidae, and Flabelligeridae), as well as sipunculids. Trophozoites (feeding stages) were gathered for identification using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Cells were also collected for molecular phylogenetic analysis using 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA. As a result, three new species of Selenidium, S. planusae n. sp., S. validusae n. sp., and S. pyroidea n. sp. were described, and additional morphological and genetic data were gathered for an existing species, S. orientale; and Trollidium was established as a new genus. Trollidium akkeshiense n. gen. n. sp. possessed a unique, unsymmetrical organization of microtubules running the longitudinal length of one side of the trophozoite, corresponding to a zig-zag pattern of epicytic (surface) folds, and a flicking pattern of movement. Phylogenetic analyses of 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA showed that these portions of the ribosomal operon are able to resolve some relationships among Selenidium, while other lineages including Trollidium akkeshiense n. gen. n. sp. appeared to be highly influenced by long branch attraction. High evolutionary rates along the ribosomal operon of gregarines may hinder this marker from resolving deeper nodes among early apicomplexans.

Cosmopolitan Distribution of Endozoicomonas-Like Organisms and Other Intracellular Microcolonies of Bacteria Causing Infection in Marine Mollusks.
Irene Cano; David Ryder; Steve C Webb; Brian J Jones; Cara L Brosnahan; Noelia Carrasco; Barbara Bodinier; Dolors Furones; Tobia Pretto; Francesca Carella; Bruno Chollet; Isabelle Arzul; Deborah Cheslett; Evelyn Collins; Karin B Lohrmann; Ana L Valdivia; Georgia Ward; María J Carballal; Antonio Villalba; Ionan Marigómez; Stein Mortensen; Kevin Christison; Wakeman C Kevin; Eduardo Bustos; Lyndsay Christie; Matthew Green; Stephen W Feist
Frontiers in microbiology, 11, 577481, 577481, 2020年, ［査読有り］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Intracellular microcolonies of bacteria (IMC), in some cases developing large extracellular cysts (bacterial aggregates), infecting primarily gill and digestive gland, have been historically reported in a wide diversity of economically important mollusk species worldwide, sometimes associated with severe lesions and mass mortality events. As an effort to characterize those organisms, traditionally named as Rickettsia or Chlamydia-like organisms, 1950 specimens comprising 22 mollusk species were collected over 10 countries and after histology examination, a selection of 99 samples involving 20 species were subjected to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed Endozoicomonadaceae sequences in all the mollusk species analyzed. Geographical differences in the distribution of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and a particular OTU associated with pathology in king scallop (OTU_2) were observed. The presence of Endozoicomonadaceae sequences in the IMC was visually confirmed by in situ hybridization (ISH) in eight selected samples. Sequencing data also indicated other symbiotic bacteria. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis of those OTUs revealed a novel microbial diversity associated with molluskan IMC infection distributed among different taxa, including the phylum Spirochetes, the families Anaplasmataceae and Simkaniaceae, the genera Mycoplasma and Francisella, and sulfur-oxidizing endosymbionts. Sequences like Francisella halioticida/philomiragia and Candidatus Brownia rhizoecola were also obtained, however, in the absence of ISH studies, the association between those organisms and the IMCs were not confirmed. The sequences identified in this study will allow for further molecular characterization of the microbial community associated with IMC infection in marine mollusks and their correlation with severity of the lesions to clarify their role as endosymbionts, commensals or true pathogens.

Validation of a universal set of primers to study animal-associated microeukaryotic communities
Javier del Campo; Maria J. Pons; Maria Herranz; Kevin C. Wakeman; Juana del Valle; Mark J. A. Vermeij; Brian S. Leander; Patrick J. Keeling
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, 21, 10, 3855, 3861, 2019年10月, ［査読有り］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Morphological and molecular diversity of rissoellids (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia) from the Northwest Pacific island of Hokkaido, Japan
Siaden Luis E. Chira; Wakeman Kevin C; Webb Stephen C; Hasegawa Kazunori; Kajihara Hiroshi
ZOOTAXA, 4551, 4, 415, 431, 2019年02月04日, ［査読有り］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

PCR and histology identify new bivalve hosts of Apicomplexan-X (APX), a common parasite of the New Zealand flat oyster Ostrea chilensis.
Suong NT; Banks JC; Fidler A; Jeffs A; Wakeman KC; Webb S
Diseases of aquatic organisms, 132, 3, 181, 189, 2019年01月, ［査読有り］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Apicomplexan-X (APX) is a significant pathogen of the flat oyster Ostrea chilensis in New Zealand. The life cycle and host range of this species are poorly known, with only the zoite stage identified. Here, we report the use of molecular approaches and histology to confirm the presence of APX in samples of green-lipped mussels Perna canaliculus, Mediterranean mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis and hairy mussels Modiolus areolatus collected from widely distributed locations in New Zealand. The prevalence of APX infection estimated by PCR was 22.2% (n = 99) and 50% (n = 30) in cultured green-lipped mussels from Nelson and Coromandel, respectively; 0.8% (n = 258), 3.3% (n = 150) and 35.3% (n = 17) in wild Mediterranean mussels from Nelson, Foveaux Strait and Golden Bay, respectively; and 46.7% (n = 30) in wild hairy mussels from Foveaux Strait. Histology detected all cases of PCR that were positive with APX and appeared to be more sensitive. The prevalence of APX estimated by histology in green-lipped mussels from Coromandel was 60% versus 50% by PCR, and 4.3%, 10.7% and 52.9% by histology versus 0.8%, 3.3% and 35.3% by PCR in wild Mediterranean mussels from Nelson, Foveaux Strait and Golden Bay, respectively. The specific identity of the parasite found in mussels was determined by sequencing PCR products for a portion (676 bp) of the 18S rRNA gene; the resulting sequences were 99-100% similar to APX found in flat oysters. Phylogenetic analyses also confirmed that all isolates from green-lipped, Mediterranean and hairy mussels grouped with APX isolates previously identified from flat oysters. This study indicates the wide geographical distribution of APX and highlights the potentially multi-host specific distribution of the parasite in commercially important bivalve shellfish.

Dinoflagellate nucleus contains an extensive endomembrane network, the nuclear net
Gregory S. Gavelis; Maria Herranz; Kevin C. Wakeman; Christina Ripken; Satoshi Mitarai; Gillian H. Gile; Patrick J. Keeling; Brian S. Leander
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 9, 1, 839, 839, 2019年01月, ［査読有り］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Molecular phylogeny of the benthic dinoflagellate Cabra matta (Dinophyceae) from Okinawa, Japan
Aika Yamaguchi; Kevin C. Wakeman; Mona Hoppenrath; Takeo Horiguchi; Hiroshi Kawai
Phycologia, 57, 6, 630, 640, 2018年09月, ［査読有り］
研究論文（学術雑誌）

PCR test to specifically detect the apicomplexan 'X' (APX) parasite found in flat oysters Ostrea chilensis in New Zealand.
Suong NT; Banks JC; Webb SC; Jeffs A; Wakeman KC; Fidler A
Diseases of aquatic organisms, 129, 3, 199, 205, 2018年08月, ［査読有り］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Described here is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test to detect the apicomplexan-X (APX) parasite of a flat oyster species, Ostrea chilensis, endemic to New Zealand. The test primers target sequences in the in situ hybridisation probes identified to bind specifically to APX 18S rRNA and amplify a 723 bp DNA product. The test did not amplify 18S rRNA gene sequences of other apicomplexan species, including Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Selenidium spp., Cephaloidophorida spp., Lecudina spp. and Thiriotia sp. Of 73 flat oysters identified by histology to be infected with APX at different severities, 69 (95%) tested PCR-positive. Failure to amplify an internal control indicated the presence of PCR inhibitors in the 4 PCR-negative samples. The high analytical sensitivity, specificity and speed of the PCR test should make it a useful tool for detecting APX.

Molecular Phylogenetic Positions and Ultrastructure of Marine Gregarines (Apicomplexa) Cuspisella ishikariensis n. gen., n. sp. and Loxomorpha cf. harmothoe from Western Pacific scaleworms (Polynoidae).
Iritani D; Horiguchi T; Wakeman KC
The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology, 65, 5, 637, 647, 2018年07月, ［査読有り］, ［最終著者, 責任著者］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, Marine gregarines are unicellular parasites of invertebrates commonly found infecting the intestine and coelomic spaces of their hosts. Situated at the base of the apicomplexan tree, marine gregarines offer an opportunity to explore the earliest stages of apicomplexan evolution. Classification of marine gregarines is often based on the morphological traits of the conspicuous feeding stages (trophozoites) in combination with host affiliation and molecular phylogenetic data. Morphological characters of other life stages such as the spore are also used to inform taxonomy when such stages can be found. The reconstruction of gregarine evolutionary history is challenging, due to high levels of intraspecific variation of morphological characters combined with relatively few traits that are taxonomically unambiguous. The current study combined morphological data with a phylogenetic analysis of small subunit rDNA sequences to describe and establish a new genus and species (Cuspisella ishikariensis n. gen., n. sp.) of marine gregarine isolated from the intestine of a polynoid host (Lepidonotus helotypus) collected from Hokkaido, Japan. This new species possesses a set of unusual morphological traits including a spiked attachment apparatus and sits on a long branch on the molecular phylogeny. Furthermore, this study establishes a molecular phylogenetic position for Loxomorpha cf. harmothoe, a previously described marine gregarine, and reveals a new group of gregarines that infect polynoid hosts.

Molecular Phylogeny and Morphology of Haplozoon ezoense n. sp. (Dinophyceae): A Parasitic Dinoflagellate with Ultrastructural Evidence of Remnant Non-photosynthetic Plastids
Kevin C. Wakeman; Aika Yamaguchi; Takeo Horiguchi
Protist, 169, 3, 333, 350, Elsevier GmbH, 2018年07月01日, ［査読有り］, ［筆頭著者, 責任著者］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Molecular Phylogeny and Surface Morphology of Thiriotia hyperdolphinae n. sp. and Cephaloidophora oradareae n. sp. (Gregarinasina, Apicomplexa) Isolated from a Deep Sea Oradarea sp. (Amphipoda) in the West Pacific
Kevin C. Wakeman; Akinori Yabuki; Katsunori Fujikura; Ko Tomikawa; Takeo Horiguchi
Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 65, 3, 372, 381, Blackwell Publishing Inc., 2018年05月01日, ［査読有り］, ［筆頭著者, 責任著者］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Molecular Phylogenetic Positions of Two New Marine Gregarines (Apicomplexa)—Paralecudina anankea n. sp. and Lecudina caspera n. sp.—from the Intestine of Lumbrineris inflata (Polychaeta) Show Patterns of Co-evolution
Davis Iritani; Kevin C. Wakeman; Brian S. Leander
Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 65, 2, 211, 219, Blackwell Publishing Inc., 2018年03月01日, ［査読有り］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Ultrastructure of the marine benthic dinoflagellate Plagiodinium belizeanum (Dinophyceae) from the southeast Pacific island of Okinawa, Japan
Kevin C. Wakeman; Mona Hoppenrath; Aika Yamaguchi; Greg S. Gavelis; Brian S. Leander; Hisayoshi Nozaki
Phycologia, 57, 2, 209, 222, 2018年01月11日, ［査読有り］, ［筆頭著者, 責任著者］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Partial 18S rRNA sequences of apicomplexan parasite 'X' (APX), associated with flat oysters Ostrea chilensis in New Zealand
Nguyen Thao Suong; Stephen Webb; Jonathan Banks; Kevin C. Wakeman; Henry Lane; Andrew Jeffs; Cara Brosnahan; Brian Jones; Andrew Fidler
DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS, 127, 1, 1, 9, 2017年12月, ［査読有り］, ［国際誌］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Microbial arms race: Ballistic "nematocysts" in dinoflagellates represent a new extreme in organelle complexity
Gregory S. Gavelis; Kevin C. Wakeman; Urban Tillmann; Christina Ripken; Satoshi Mitarai; Maria Herranz; Suat Oezbek; Thomas Holstein; Patrick J. Keeling; Brian S. Leander
SCIENCE ADVANCES, 3, 3, e1602552, 2017年03月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Morphology and molecular phylogeny of the marine gregarine parasite Selenidium oshoroense n. sp. (Gregarina, Apicomplexa) isolated from a Northwest Pacific Hydroides ezoensis Okuda 1934 (Serpulidae, Polychaeta)
Kevin C. Wakeman; Takeo Horiguchi
Marine Biodiversity, 48, 3, 1, 10, 2017年02月01日, ［査読有り］, ［筆頭著者, 責任著者］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Description of Ganymedes yurii sp n. (Ganymedidae), a New Gregarine Species from the Antarctic Amphipod Gondogeneia sp (Crustacea)
Andrei Diakin; Kevin C. Wakeman; Andrea Valigurova
JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY, 64, 1, 56, 66, 2017年01月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Description of Ganymedes yurii sp. n. (Ganymedidae), a New Gregarine Species from the Antarctic Amphipod Gondogeneia sp. (Crustacea) (vol 64, pg 56, 2017)
Kevin Wakeman
JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY, 2017年
研究論文（学術雑誌）

Molecular Phylogeny of the Benthic Dinoflagellate Genus Amphidiniopsis and its Relationships with the Family Protoperidiniaceae
Aika Yamaguchi; Sadaaki Yoshimatsu; Mona Hoppenrath; Kevin C. Wakeman; Hiroshi Kawai
PROTIST, 167, 6, 568, 583, 2016年12月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Molecular Phylogeny of the Marine Planktonic Dinoflagellate Oxytoxum and Corythodinium (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)
Fernando Gomez; Kevin C. Wakeman; Aika Yamaguchi; Hisayoshi Nozaki
ACTA PROTOZOOLOGICA, 55, 4, 239, 248, 2016年, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Molecular systematics of marine gregarine apicomplexans from Pacific tunicates, with descriptions of five novel species of Lankesteria
Sonja Rueckert; Kevin C. Wakeman; Holger Jenke-Kodama; Brian S. Leander
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY, 65, 8, 2598, 2614, 2015年08月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Morphology, phylogeny and novel chemical compounds from Coolia malayensis (Dinophyceae) from Okinawa, Japan
Kevin C. Wakeman; Aika Yamaguchi; Michael C. Roy; Holger Jenke-Kodama
HARMFUL ALGAE, 44, 8, 19, 2015年04月, ［査読有り］, ［筆頭著者, 責任著者］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Comparative Ultrastructure and Molecular Phylogeny of Selenidium melongena n. sp and S. terebellae Ray 1930 Demonstrate Niche Partitioning in Marine Gregarine Parasites (Apicomplexa)
Kevin C. Wakeman; Matthew B. Heintzelman; Brian S. Leander
PROTIST, 165, 4, 493, 511, 2014年08月, ［査読有り］, ［筆頭著者, 責任著者］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Molecular Phylogeny and Ultrastructure of Caliculium glossobalani n. gen. et sp (Apicomplexa) from a Pacific Glossobalanus minutus (Hemichordata) Confounds the Relationships Between Marine and Terrestrial Gregarines
Kevin C. Wakeman; James D. Reimer; Holger Jenke-Kodama; Brian S. Leander
JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY, 61, 4, 343, 353, 2014年07月, ［査読有り］, ［筆頭著者, 責任著者］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Molecular Phylogeny of Marine Gregarine Parasites (Apicomplexa) from Tube-forming Polychaetes (Sabellariidae, Cirratulidae and Serpulidae), Including Descriptions of Two New Species of Selenidium
Kevin C. Wakeman; Brian S. Leander
JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY, 60, 5, 514, 525, 2013年09月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Identity of environmental DNA sequences using descriptions of four novel marine gregarine parasites, Polyplicarium n. gen. (Apicomplexa), from capitellid polychaetes
Kevin C. Wakeman; Brian S. Leander
MARINE BIODIVERSITY, 43, 2, 133, 147, 2013年06月, ［査読有り］, ［筆頭著者, 責任著者］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Discovery of a Diverse Clade of Gregarine Apicomplexans (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinorida) from Pacific Eunicid and Onuphid Polychaetes, Including Descriptions of Paralecudina n. gen., Trichotokara japonica n. sp., and T. eunicae n. sp.
Sonja Rueckert; Kevin C. Wakeman; Brian S. Leander
JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY, 60, 2, 121, 136, 2013年03月, ［査読有り］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

Molecular Phylogeny of Pacific Archigregarines (Apicomplexa), Including Descriptions of Veloxidium leptosynaptae n. gen., n. sp., from the Sea Cucumber Leptosynapta clarki (Echinodermata), and Two New Species of Selenidium
Kevin C. Wakeman; Brian S. Leander
JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY, 59, 3, 232, 245, 2012年05月, ［査読有り］, ［筆頭著者, 責任著者］
英語, 研究論文（学術雑誌）

MARINE GREGARINES
Kevin Wakeman
JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, 2011年
研究論文（学術雑誌）

円石藻Braarudosphaera bigelowiiの分類学的再検討
萩野恭子; 高野義人; ZEHR Jonathan; WAKEMAN Kevin; 堀口健雄; 富岡尚敬; 西村朋宏; 足立真佐雄; 脇田昌英; 木元克典, 藻類, 71, 1, 2023年

海産グレガリナ(アピコンプレックス門)の種の発見,系統学および分類学
IRITANI Davis; YOKUCHI Koh; HORIGUCHI Takeo; WAKEMAN Kevin C., 藻類, 68, 1, 2020年

海洋簇虫類(Apicomplexa)の種発見と進化:Malariaの古代類縁
IRITANI Naoki Davis; WAKEMAN Kevin C.; HORIGUCHI Takeo, 藻類, 66, 1, 2018年

ほぼ非運動性期である2つの新種Amphidinium(Dinophyceae)の分類学研究
KIEFFER E SILVA Joao Henriques; WAKEMAN Kevin C.; TERADA Ryuta; HORIGUCHI Takeo, 藻類, 66, 1, 2018年

厚岸産寄生性渦鞭毛藻Haplozoonの一種の分類学的研究
山本茉奈; WAKEMAN Kevin; 冨岡森理; 堀口健雄, 藻類, 66, 1, 2018年

厚岸産寄生性渦鞭毛藻Haplozoonの一種の分類学的研究。
山本茉奈; Kevin Wakema; 冨岡森理; 堀口健雄
Japanese Society of Phycology, 2018年03月20日, ポスター発表

Taxonomic study of two new Amphidinium species (Dynophyceae) with predominant non-motile stage
Joao Henriques; Kiefer e Silva; Kevin Wakeman; Ryuta Terada; Takeo Horiguchi
Japanese Society of Phycology, 2018年03月20日, 英語, ポスター発表

Diversity of Marine Gregarine Apicomplexans
Davis Iritani; Takeo Horiguchi; Kevin Wakeman
Japanese Society of Phycology, 2018年03月20日, 英語, 口頭発表（一般）

The Evolutionary (photosynthetic) history of marine apicomplexans and their bizarre relatives
Kevin Wakeman
Botanical Society of Japan, 2017年11月10日, 英語, 口頭発表（招待・特別）
［招待講演］

Algal toxins from novel strains of benthic dinoflagellates from Okinawa, Japan
Kevin Wakeman
2015年08月20日, 英語, 公開講演，セミナー，チュートリアル，講習，講義等
［招待講演］

A brief look at remnant plastids in gregarine apicomplexans
Kevin Wakeman
2015年08月10日, 英語, 公開講演，セミナー，チュートリアル，講習，講義等
［招待講演］

Transciptomics reveal relic plastids and diverse evolutionary histories among marine gregarine apicomplexans
Kevin Wakeman
2015年05月10日, 英語, 公開講演，セミナー，チュートリアル，講習，講義等

Apicomplexans in our oceans
Kevin Wakeman
2014年, 公開講演，セミナー，チュートリアル，講習，講義等
［招待講演］

Evolutionary history of two sister species exemplify niche partitioning among gregarine apicomplexans
Kevin Wakeman
International Congress of Protistology, 2013年08月07日, 英語, 口頭発表（一般）
［国際会議］

Marine Apicomplexan Associates of Coral Reefs
Kevin Wakeman
2013年01月, 英語, 公開講演，セミナー，チュートリアル，講習，講義等
［招待講演］

Marine Apicomplexans
Kevin Wakeman
2012年10月, 英語, 公開講演，セミナー，チュートリアル，講習，講義等
［招待講演］

Evolutionary History of Marine Gregarine Apicomplexans
Kevin Wakeman
International Society of Protistology, 2012年08月05日, 英語, 口頭発表（一般）
［国際会議］

Eugregarine and the Archigregarine Concepts
Kevin Wakeman
Joint meeting of the International Society of Evolutionary Protistologsts and the Phycological Society of America, 2011年, 英語, 口頭発表（一般）
［国際会議］

自然史科学特別講義Ⅲ, 2024年, 修士課程, 理学院

自然史科学特別講義Ⅲ, 2024年, 修士課程, 理学院

多様性生物学研究法, 2024年, 修士課程, 理学院

国際交流Ⅱ, 2024年, 学士課程, 国際本部

多様性生物学Ⅰ, 2024年, 学士課程, 総合教育部

多様性生物学Ⅱ, 2024年, 学士課程, 総合教育部

多様性生物学Ⅲ, 2024年, 学士課程, 理学部

専門横断科目（一般科目）：自然科学・応用科学, 2024年, 学士課程, 専門横断科目

専門横断科目（一般科目）：自然科学・応用科学, 2024年, 学士課程, 専門横断科目

専門横断科目（一般科目）：自然科学・応用科学, 2024年, 学士課程, 専門横断科目

専門横断科目（一般科目）：自然科学・応用科学, 2024年, 学士課程, 専門横断科目

専門横断科目（一般科目）：自然科学・応用科学, 2024年, 学士課程, 専門横断科目

専門横断科目（一般科目）：自然科学・応用科学, 2024年, 学士課程, 専門横断科目

科学・技術の世界, 2024年, 学士課程, 全学教育

生物学Ⅰ, 2024年, 学士課程, 全学教育

Speciation patterns of Lankesteria (Apicomplexan) parasites and their tunicate (Chordata) hosts
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
2025年04月01日 - 2028年03月31日
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Hokkaido University, 25K09752

Exploring the unknown biodiversity of apicomplexan parasites (Apicomplexa) in bivalve shellfish (Mollusca) in Japan
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
2020年04月01日 - 2023年03月31日
Wakeman Kevin
For this project, we collected 40 blue mussels, 40 Pacific Oysters and a total of 180 Hokkaido Scallop, from Hokkaido, Japan. Generally, samples were processed for histology, genomic DNA isolation, and also prepared for laser dissection microscopy. We started with the processing of scallop because we had more samples of those. We were able to amplified 18S rDNA and also conduct phylogenetic analyses in order to assess relationships of these parasites compared to samples collected in previous studies around the world. As a results, we found two ciliates, Tichodina pectenis and Ancistrum sp. We also were able to isolate and identify an apicomplexan parasite, Merocystis kathae. This was the first report of all three of these organisms in Japan. For each of these organisms, we were able to gather histology and amplify 18S rDNA. We are currently processing the blue mussels and pacific oysters.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists, Hokkaido University, 20K15856

多細胞体制を獲得した奇妙な寄生性渦鞭毛藻ハプロズーンの種多様性・進化に関する研究
科学研究費助成事業
2020年04月01日 - 2023年03月31日
堀口 健雄; 柁原 宏; WAKEMAN KEVIN
本年度は，北海道厚岸から採集したHaplozoon pugnus を用いてトランスクリプトーム解析を実施した。単細胞トランスクリプトーム解析の手法を用い，合計４個体からのトランスクリプトームデータを得ることができた（詳細は解析中）。また，当該データを用いて渦鞭毛藻類内の本属の系統的位置を正確に把握するための系統解析を実施中である。また本属は，寄生生物でありながら痕跡的葉緑体をもつことは我々の研究で明らかになっているが，本属の寄生性を進化させるプロセスが，近縁な他のミゾゾア（＝アピコンプレックス類と渦鞭毛藻類などからなる単系統群）の寄生生物における光合成能力欠失の進化パターンとどのように異なるか（同じか）を比較するために光合成関連の遺伝子に関しても解析を進めている。また，細胞学的な観点からは透過電鏡および共焦点顕微鏡を用いてtrophozoiteステージの細胞の膜系，チューブリン，セントリンの立体構造を明らかにしようと試みた。また，特に異なる細胞ステージ，すなわちtrophcytes，gonocytes，sporocytes間の連結部分の構造を明らかにする研究も実施した。さらに先端の可動性の刺の動作メカニズムも明らかにするべく電顕試料の準備を進めている。
現在，上述の大部分の研究に関しては解析およびデータ取得の最終段階に入っており， 2022年の夏頃までには一部の結果を国際誌に投稿する予定である。
また，宿主の多様性調査に関しては，2021年8月に厚岸での調査を予定したが、コロナウイルス蔓延の影響で中止とせざるを得なかった。11月と12月に千葉県館山と三重県菅島の海産無脊椎動物相を調査する機会を得，環形動物・扁形動物・紐形動物の標本においてハプロズーンの寄生の有無を調べたが，観察した全ての無脊椎動物標本において感染の痕跡は確認できなかった。
日本学術振興会, 基盤研究(B), 北海道大学, 20H03304

Cellular identity, systematics and biogeography of apicomplexan parasites Genotype-N and Gemmocystis infecting coral reefs
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
2018年04月01日 - 2021年03月31日
Wakeman Kevin
This work focused on sampling apicomplexans associated with coral reefs. Samples were collected from Okinawa and in locations around Southern Japan, including Ishigaki, Kagoshima and Hiroshima. Samples were processed for histology and PCR screening of apicomplexans using the 18S rDNA. Samples were also prepared for next generation sequencing, in order to gain a better understanding of the diversity of apicomplexans associated with these samples. In total over 80 species of coral were sampled and sent for sequencing. As a general result, we found that apicomplexans that associate with coral are broadly distributed, geographically and throughout coral reefs. To this end, coral in Japan have similar communities of apicomplexans to those found in other localities such as the Caribbean. While similar, these species are likely different, and appear to be unique to the waters around Japan.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists, Hokkaido University, 18K14774

Apicomplexans associated with coral reefs in Japan
Grant in-aid for Young Scientists B
2018年04月 - 2020年03月
Kevin Wakeman
Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), 研究代表者, 競争的資金

Novel haplosporidian and apicomplexan parasites infecting shellfish fisheries between Japan and New Zealand
Bilaterial Joint Research
2017年04月 - 2019年03月
Kevin Wakeman; Jonathan Banks; Stephen Webb
Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), 研究代表者, 競争的資金