Researcher Profile and Settings

Master

Affiliation (Master)

• Faculty of Public Policy　Public Policy　Public Policy

Affiliation (Master)

• Faculty of Public Policy　Public Policy　Public Policy

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Profile and Settings

Affiliation

• Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Law

Profile and Settings

• Name (Japanese)

  Yuichi

• Name (Kana)

  Murakami

• Name

  201401073644261668

Alternate Names

https://lex.juris.hokudai.ac.jp/~yuichim/

Affiliation

• Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Law

Achievement

Research Interests

• regulatory governance   multi-level governance   public-private relations   administrative activity   bureaucracy   politicians-bureaucrats relations   policy evaluation   France compared to Japan   public policy   regional policy   

Research Areas

• Humanities & social sciences / Politics

Research Experience

• 2024/04 - Today Hokkaido University The Graduate School of Law, School of Law Professor
• 2024/04 - Today Hokkaido University Faculty of Public Policy Professor
• 2014/04 - 2024/03 Hokkaido University Graduate School and Faculty of Law Associate Professor
• 2021/04 - 2023/03 Hokkaido University Public Policy School Associate Professor
• 2018/09 - 2020/09 Sciences Po Bordeaux Centre Émile Durkheim Chercheur Invité
• 2014/04 - 2018/03 Hokkaido University Public Policy School Associate Professor
• 2015/05 - 2016/03 Kyushu University
• 2012/10 - 2014/03 The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Public Policy Project Lecturer
• 2011/04 - 2012/09 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research Fellow (PD)
• 2009/04 - 2011/03 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research Fellow (DC2)

Education

• 2006/04 - 2011/03  The University of Tokyo  Graduate Schools for Law and Politics
• 2004/04 - 2006/03  The University of Tokyo  Faculty of Law
• 2002/04 - 2004/03  The University of Tokyo  College of Arts and Sciences

Published Papers

• Enhancing Policy Evaluation in Japan: Insights from European Accountability and Responsiveness Practices

  Yuichi Murakami

  季刊 評価クォータリー (71) 2 - 20 2024/10/25 [Not refereed][Invited]
   

  This study examines the evolution of and challenges facing policy evaluation in Europe, offering insights into improving Japanese practices. The OECD has recognised Europe for its robust implementation of Regulatory Impact Assessments (RIAs) and stakeholder consultations, with policy evaluation serving as a cornerstone of governmental accountability, particularly within the European Commission. Recent updates to the EU’s ‘Better Regulation’ agenda have further rationalised and harmonised these evaluations, transforming them into tools not only for accountability but also for setting new policy agendas, building a knowledge base, facilitating discussions, and gaining foresight from long-term mega-trends. This study also reviews the evaluative functions of the European Parliament, European Court of Justice, and European Court of Auditors. It identifies three key takeaways: (1) policy evaluation has a synergistic potential when multiple EU institutions operate within a checks-and-balances framework; (2) Europe and Japan face shared challenges, such as insufficient data, limited expertise, and politicisation of evaluations; and (3) through using a broad range of methods, from ex-ante impact assessments to ex-post performance audits, European evaluation systems have reached an advanced state. To strengthen Japan’s policy evaluation framework, it is essential to focus on both accountability and responsiveness through a more comprehensive evaluation approach.
• Reassessing Central-Local Relations: Insights from Decentralization and National Risk Resilience

  Yuichi MURAKAMI

  有斐閣Onlineロージャーナル 2024/08/30 [Not refereed][Invited]
  
• Novelty of Agile Governance in Contemporary Government Discourse

  Yuichi Murakami

  The Hokkaido Law Review 75 (1-2) 1 - 32 2024/07/31 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  This study explores the novelty of Agile Governance (AG) and its practical and theoretical background, which has received increasing attention. AG highlights the challenges in bureaucratic administration and policy processes while incorporating elements like ‘agile’ responsiveness, particularly notable in technological innovation and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. The AG aims to address the need to improve the rigid and time-consuming aspects of current administrative systems and policies, thereby influencing recent public administrative reforms in Japan. Three case studies provided additional insights into AG. The effectiveness of co-regulation between government and private entities in formulating and implementing regulations ensures that regulations match technological innovation, underscoring the significance of governmental ‘meta-regulation’. Rather than solely assessing the effectiveness of policies and administrative operations based on predetermined benchmarks in local comprehensive plans, it is more effective to utilise specific indices as monitoring tools, thereby facilitating the reassessment of policy goals and tools. Enhancing AG involves positioning it within the relationship between legislative and judicial bodies, serving as a counterbalance. Future considerations include integrating AG strengths into broader bureaucratic organisations, optimising strategic relationships between the public and private sectors, and prioritising values within the AG while ensuring stakeholder satisfaction. Interdisciplinary perspectives are crucial to elucidate and implement AG for improved governance.
• The CITES Implementation Mechanism From the Recent Multi-Level Governance Perspective

  Yuichi Murakami

  Environmental Management 一般社団法人産業環境管理協会 59 (12) 91 - 97 2023/12/10 [Not refereed][Invited]
   

  CITES aims at species survival by regulating international wildlife trade for species protection and conservation. Especially since the mid-1990s, the main focus of the treaty has shifted from a total ban on trade to controlling the wildlife trade on a scientific basis for ‘sustainable use’. The international negotiation process for selecting which wildlife trade to regulate or exempt is an interesting topic of study, but the emphasis of recent research has been on governance or mechanisms that ensure that the parties’ agreements are surely implemented and enforced. This paper reviews the CITES treaty implementation mechanism with reference to the latest literature, aiming to share it with researchers and practitioners in the field of environment. It then discusses the importance of horizontal and vertical multi-level governance: (1) specialised administrative and judicial bodies for regulation, police, and customs, (2) effective coordination and cooperation among the related agencies, backed by member states’ national legislation, and (3) policy integration with public-health and food-hygiene measures through the so-called One-Health approach currently under discussion.
• Public Administration and Law during the COVID-19 Pandemic

  Yuichi Murakami

  法律時報 95 (8) 35 - 40 2023/07/01 [Not refereed][Invited]
   

  This paper compares initial countermeasures against COVID-19 taken by the French and Japanese governments, showing that both nations went through normal administration, emergency administration, and emergency-law stages, although at different speeds. This paper argues three points: First, a scientific advisory system in crisis should be duly established to enable government to make policy based on a range of alternatives offered by scientist-advisors, while making it clear that the government ultimately bears the risk, responsibility, and accountability for the measures taken. Second, the relationship between politicians and bureaucrats (medical and infection technocrats) and the administrative and judicial branches, or between the core executives and the ministries of government, whether in peacetime or in crisis, should be reconsidered and formulated as such. The French president, for example, proposed financial support measures to overcome the adverse effects of stove-piped departments. Excessive political initiative, however, can cause the bureaucracy to atrophy. Moreover, these inner-governmental multi-level risk communications should be open and transparent. Third, the proper and timely transition from normal administration to the emergency-law stages is critical in governmental crisis management. Emergency administration enables quick response but is vulnerable from a lack of sufficient legal backing. In this respect, the French Conseil d’état’s emergency doctrine since the World War I period is a good reference because it requires urgent countermeasures to be legitimised immediately by parliamentary law.
• French 'Administrative Tradition' and Innovation: Peters’ Framework and My Experience

  Yuichi Murakami

  季刊 行政管理研究 (182) 35 - 48 2023/06/25 [Not refereed][Invited]
   

  Brainard Guy Peters proposes a new framework of ‘administrative tradition', a historically based set of values, structures, and relationships with other institutions, that define the nature of appropriate public administration within society. Among the significant Anglo-Saxon, Napoleonic, Germanic, and Scandinavian models, France has an 'administrative tradition' of the state as a solid and autonomous organism, uniformity through préfet and cumul des mandats, politicization of bureaucracy and bureaucratization of politics, codified legalism, managerialism, grands corps and pantouflage, an autonomous state in relation to society, and emphasis on inspection and personal fault in bureaucracy. In addition to the introduction of performance measure evaluation in the administration, this study offers recent cases of local agreements on regional railway operations, decentralization with the creation of métropoles and the parallel delay in municipality mergers, a nationwide demonstration against fuel tax hikes, pension reforms, and the neoliberal reforms of universities, the political decision to abolish the École nationale d'administration, a symbol of French elitism, and the political shift toward a greater emphasis on the environment after the local elections in 2020. We should continue to watch whether they end up just being temporary, or an innovation that endures.
• Trans-Disciplinary Public Policy Studies Aimed at Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

  Yuichi Murakami

  Annals, Public Policy Studies (17) 39 - 61 2023/03 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  This paper first introduces a humanities–science fusion initiative (i.e., lectures on Science, Technology, and Innovation policy, and a case study course on public policies made up of various kinds of expertise) in which I have been engaged at the Hokkaido University Public Policy School. Subsequently, the STI governance structure, the risk assessment/management, and the communication connecting science and politics are discussed to illustrate the significance of trans-disciplinary respectful cooperation. Moreover, I assess the prospects of public policy (studies) in the post-COVID-19 period, after reviewing the history of international development since the United Nations Development Decade in the 1960s, which consequently led to SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals), as well as the trans-disciplinary trials and errors needed to achieve them. When policy resources are not very abundant, the importance of political decisions (i.e., proper prioritization) and specialized planning (i.e., efficient and effective implementation) involving various stakeholders cannot be stressed enough, and there is a need for global and trans-disciplinary knowledge stocking and sharing to achieve SDGs. Ambitious SDGs that set and share common major aims will hopefully lead to collaboration, which will in turn give rise to the creation of multi-level partnerships. Universities can contribute to such collaboration through their diligent and steady education and research.
• Independence, or Autonomy, and Transparency in Ensuring Trustworthy Regulations

  村上裕一

  北大法学論集 73 (6) 23 - 53 2023/03 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Trustworthy regulatory agencies must be independent and transparent concerning politics or the elected administration, other competing promotive ministries, and regulated parties. It is more relevant to nuclear regulation, with references to the International Atomic Energy Agency guidelines and lessons learned from the catastrophic Fukushima disaster. This paper proposes a new framework for assessing a nuclear regulatory body's autonomy and transparency. It works to avoid ‘regulatory capture’ while also ensuring regulatory accountability and responsibility by maintaining a certain ‘distance’ from other institutions, on the one hand, and making balanced decisions, paying attention to non-homogeneity and non-controlling relations between well-specialized members in the open collegiate body, on the other hand. Continued and appropriate regulatory implementation, enabled by such autonomy and transparency, will result in a good reputation and thus public trust. The framework is used to examine nuclear regulations in East Asia and in France and conclude that the composition of their agencies varies depending on the type of autonomy (e.g. political, organisational, or technological) that each country seeks.
• Institutionalizing Systematic Evaluation to Ensure “Better Regulation”: Focusing on Regulatory Oversight Body and Experiment Evaluations

  Yuichi Murakami

  Japanese journal of evaluation studies 22 (2) 97 - 109 2022/09 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  To prevent “regulatory capture,” this article discusses a systematic evaluation to ensure “better regulation” and a way to institutionalize it, focusing on (1) the Regulatory Oversight Body (ROB), its dilemma of political accountability and expertise, its comparison with the US, EU, and Japan, and (2) regulatory experiment evaluations. ROB should be placed above and out of the related policy community to ensure meaningful oversight and objective evaluation, and to eventually prevent the regulation from being captured by partial interests. Then, (3) a desirable regulatory evaluation system is envisioned, according to a review of the Special Zone System of Japan. The “stimulus-response” modeled regulatory evaluation can be properly conducted in well-organized regulatory experiments. The main points consist in overcoming the difficulties in causal inference and selection bias, rendering implementation and evaluation activities more objective, and reducing the final decision maker’s discretion after obtaining the evaluation result.
• Public Administration for the STI Policy: Democratization and Rationalization

  Yuichi Murakami

  都市問題 113 (9) 43 - 53 2022/09 [Not refereed][Invited]
   

  Although the Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) policy in Japan largely relies on the private sector, the central and regional governments have some discretion on comprehensive STI strategy planning, grants distribution for research and development (R&D) infrastructures, and other forms of technical support for non-governmental actors. Hence, public administration for the STI policy should be placed under democratic control. The central government is controlled by the STI policy democratically mandated basic planning and strategy, budget coordination involving the Ministry of Finance and the Diet, and systematic policy assessment and evaluation. This study discusses how to democratize and rationalize the STI policy by conducting a case study on Dosoken, the Hokkaido Research Organization (HRO). HRO became independent from the Hokkaido Government in 2010 after the new public management reforms. Consequently, HRO has to be more responsive not only to the advice of the Hokkaido Government and third-party experts, but also to the needs expressed in regular meetings with government officers, local practitioners, and related industries. HRO researchers have to be accountable for their R&D, but are, in fact, autonomous from the organizational management, and therefore, unnecessary contradiction and duplication between R&D evaluations and those on the institutional management are avoided.
• La vulnérabilité d'un « État fort » ? : La crise sanitaire et la politique française

  𠮷田徹, 村上裕一

  Annales de la Société franco-japonaise de Sciences Politiques (16) 1 - 13 2022/03 [Refereed]
   

  Cette co-article rédigée avec Toru Yoshida décrit pourquoi l'État fort France est devenu vulnérable face à la pandémie de coronavirus. Après la revue des études antérieures sur les aspects organisationnels de l'État fort, nous introduisons le schéma conceptuel de la « confiance » comme une grille de lecture liant l'État fort et ses échecs de gestion de crise. Après la description et l'analyse de la crise sanitaire en France en 2020, notamment sur le rôle du Conseil de défense, du Conseil scientifique et de la Ségur de la santé, nous concluons comme suit ; La majorité de la population n'ayant pas confiance envers les autorités, les réglementations sanitaires imposés par le gouvernement ne sera pas suivit a titre comparatif. Les récessions économiques, comme le taux de chômage plus élevé, le Gilet Jaune et la manifestation contre la réforme des retraites ne sont que des effets révélateur de cette tendance générale. Par conséquence, le gouvernement, avec sa complexité organisationnelle et dans sa confusion informationnelle, n’aurait que le choix de renforcer sa régulation au détriment de l'opinion publique. Ce cercle vicieux a rendu l'État fort plus vulnérable à la crise sanitaire.
• The Politics of Global Maritime Environmental Regulation

  村上裕一

  The Hokkaido Law Review 72 (6) 1 - 28 2022/03 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  This study examines why maritime environmental regulations (MERs), such as those that limit sulfur oxides and particulate matter emission, are delayed more than those on land and air transports. Moreover, it explores why the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the United Nations specialized agency responsible for regulating shipping, has not functioned adequately. This study concludes that this is because of regulatory cost and benefit (or, more precisely, to whom cost incurs and who gains benefit), which are both dispersed (this, it is difficult to specify who) in the maritime environmental regulatory space. It is an outstanding exception of typical environmental regulation, where the cost is concentrated, whereas the benefit is dispersed, as explained in The Politics of Regulation by J.Q. Wilson. Consequently, the MERs can bypass regulatory capture by vested interests and advantageous industry. In addition, they can offer various regulatory alternative tools that have been experimented with in some regions to be used for future worldwide regulation. It is true that regionally fragmented environmental regulations that directly reflect local interests make the IMO difficult to work efficiently for global regulatory governance. However, the regulated ship-owners require IMO to deal with global issues with its specialty and its wide eyesight to represent various interests of both sides of cost and benefit and to lead them to better comprehensive regulations. IMO’s effort to orchestrate multi-level regulations decreases uncertainty in current MERs. Furthermore, this enables ship-owners or one of the regulatory veto players to be perceived as worth of more cooperation.
• Reconsidering Regional Railway Management in Hokkaido from a Comparative Perspective

  村上裕一, 髙松淳也, 小林大祐, 岸邦宏

  Annals, Public Policy Studies (16) 161 - 185 2022/03 [Not refereed]
   

  The aim of our co-authored paper with Prof. Jun-ya Takamatsu, Dr. Daisuke Kobayashi, and Prof. Kunihiro Kishi is to expand on our webinar discussion, which took place on 15th July 2021. France has realised the development of a passenger-friendly regional railway service by giving increased discretion to regional authorities. This favourable outcome can also be explained by the organisational reform of quasi-public railway companies and the recent decisions made by the independent regulatory agency in France. The ministerial management of franchised train services and privatised railways after the failure of neoliberal reforms in the United Kingdom, along with changes in regional policies, has resulted in an increase in passengers and an improvement in service. Germany has a balanced system for overseeing its regional railways, as its federal parliament ensures that regional interests are considered thoroughly; consequently, sufficient federal subsidies are devoted to the Bundesland region’s railways, which are subject to a highly effective, competitive bidding process. The recent events in Hokkaido are reviewed, and it is concluded that (1) Hokkaido’s rail lines should be divided into three categories, including mainline, wide-area, and intra-municipal transport systems, to clarify which level of government (i.e. central, regional, or municipal) should be in charge of them; (2) the Hokkaido government should take more responsibility in obtaining funds from the central government, forming a strong relationship with JR Hokkaido through financial assistance, and coordinating with stakeholders to form a regional ‘transport network’; and (3) transport modes, including regional railways, should be integrated into a wider network with a comprehensive plan including policy objectives for regional development and environmental protection, which should be primarily established by the Hokkaido government so that passengers can utilise the railways efficiently.
• Institutional Reconciliation and Collaboration among International Treaty Regimes as a Multi-level Governance Strategy

  Murakami Yuichi

  Annals, Public Policy Studies 北海道大学公共政策大学院 (15) 99 - 119 1881-9818 2021/03 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  This paper describes and analyses interactions between CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) and other related treaty regimes in the multi-level governance framework. It further examines (1) how free-trade and environment values are coordinated between CITES and the World Trade Organization in relation to Sustainable Development Goals; (2) how and why CITES and FAO (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization) set Memorandum of Understanding as an agenda, and what was left behind; and (3) how international regimes such as Office International des Epizooties, FAO, and CITES could act against the coronavirus disease pandemic in the name of the One-Health Approach. It asserts that it is meaningful to see their operations, or their transition management, as reconciliation and collaboration between international and domestic levels, or between policy life stages of rulemaking and enforcement. This paper thus clarifies that CITES is relatively effective in its consensus-building and enforcement mechanism, providing (1) abundant experience of discussion for sharing the concept of sustainability, (2) robust collaborative infrastructures for its enforcement, and (3) stronger trust in its regulatory and managerial tools to attain its mission. However, CITES must often remain passive against other treaty regimes’ approaches for collaboration, largely because of its modest authority delegated from the member states.
• Monitoring and Advice for Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy : Trial-and-Error Lessons from France for Better Policy Evaluation

  村上 裕一

  Japanese journal of evaluation studies 日本評価学会 21 (1) 71 - 83 1346-6151 2021/03 [Refereed][Not invited]
   

  This paper aimed to examine how to achieve better policy evaluation regarding science, technology, and innovation (STI) considering the case of France. The paper consists of three parts, as presented below: (1) President Charles de Gaulle firstly set up an advisory body in his administration to monitor the STI policy and advise decision-makers. The policy evaluation system was established in the 1980s under a new left party government. (2) There were some trials and errors until the 1990s to make policy evaluations more robust and credible by using bottom-up, redundant, and proactive monitoring, and considering the interaction between the evaluation and the resource management of researchers and research units. (3) With a need for a national STI policy strategy development, what followed was the establishment of an integrated evaluation body (Le Haut Conseil de l'évaluation de la recherche et de l'enseignement supérieur) and a supervising body (Le Conseil stratégique de la recherche). In conclusion, policy evaluation can be improved through an integrated discussion on the aim, processes, and institutional placement of monitoring and advice.
• Democratic Control and Governmental Delegation : Reality and Prospects in Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy

  Murakami Yuichi

  The Hokkaido Law Review 北海道大学大学院法学研究科 71 (3) 453 - 492 0385-5953 2020/09 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Based on case analyses, this paper first points out why the Japanese government's share of research and development (R&D) expenditures is lower than those of France, Britain, and the US: (1) its science and technology (sci-tech) system was once dismantled (just after World War II), and its legacy remains there, (2) private companies have been allowed to work on R&D relatively autonomously from the government, and (3) political and administrative leadership has been absent in sci-tech decision-making. Second, this paper clarifies why Japan's R&D investment targets have not been achieved since the second version of the Sci-Tech Basic Plan in 2001: (1) uncertainty unique to sci-tech policy, (2) continuous intervention from the Ministry of Finance in the overall budget coordination, and (3) the recent transition from a politician-centred process, which once strongly promoted sci-tech policy, to a cabinet-centred process. Third, after a comparison with innovation policy and its implementation in the European Union and Sweden, which have similar ambitions as Japan but different policy systems, this paper concludes that (1) ex-ante budgetary control on sci-tech and innovation policy should be curbed and should delegate more responsibility to the department in charge and to ex-post impact (or output, at least) assessment, (2) budgetary coordination and implementation processes should be separated to avoid excessive democratic control on the latter, and (3) top-down sci-tech policy and bottom-up innovation policy should be recognized as distinct because their recommended policy tools and favourable ways of control differ.
• Evaluation of Municipality Mergers and Cooperation as Policy Tools Based on the Survey Results Regarding the Local Revitalisation Policy in Japan

  村上 裕一

  Japanese journal of evaluation studies 日本評価学会 20 (2) 105 - 119 1346-6151 2020/07 

  This paper analyses survey results on the Local Revitalisation Policy (LRP) enacted in Japan in 2014, by focusing on differences in answers provided by the merger and non-merger municipalities of the governmental campaign that took place around 2000 (Heisei-no-Dai-Gappei). To evaluate municipality mergers as a policy tool, a case study on Japan was taken into consideration and compared with (non-)merger cases in France, aiming to construct the general theory of its conditions and effects. It was found that ‘non-mergers’ were not strongly influenced by LRP and did not feel obliged to cooperate with neighbours as the LRP desired. On the other hand, they were likely to cooperate with industries, according to their actual and potential partnerships. It cannot be determined whether ‘mergers’ have developed their own competencies as was desired, although they seem to have decreased the extent of democratic participation because their decision-making takes place inside their office. However, they can take relatively more aggressive actions towards other local and central governments without onerous coordination with neighbours.
• An Analysis of International Treaty Implementation Involving CITES

  Murakami Yuichi

  The Hokkaido Law Review 北海道大学大学院法学研究科 70 (6) 1009 - 1037 0385-5953 2020/03 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  This paper analyses international treaty implementation in cases involving CITES. After reviewing CITES implementation, various problems in Japan, France, and the European Union (EU), and their proposals at the CoP, an analysis using static and dynamic frameworks reveals that CITES implementation should be re-evaluated to determine (1) under what conditions — such as the institutional and normative power of the international organization, or the country’s domestic circumstances in terms of their politics and interests — are international treaties not implemented as agreed upon, and (2) how the implementation system can be assessed if it is described as a continuous process of ‘coordination’ between conflicting rules and values in a global multilevel regulatory governance space. According to the analysis, CITES itself seems to have a relatively effective institution-and-implementation mechanism, but there are various political, administrative, and cultural factors in each country that restrict its enforcement. Even EU members, with their ambitious action plans and multilevel divisions of labour, recognize that enforcement should be improved to be far more effective than it is. A multilevel governance framework, working as both concept and strategy, explains why a treaty implementation system established through continuous and multilateral coordination in a global regulatory space has become more complicated. International treaty implementation needs to have an interdisciplinary approach to make the most of their respective strengths.
• Improving the current administration's Local Revitalisation Policy: Promoting a recently co-authored publication

  Murakami Yuichi

  Annals, Public Policy Studies 北海道大学公共政策大学院 (13) 99 - 116 1881-9818 2019/03 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  This paper reviews responses to the co-authored book Improving the current administration’s Local Revitalisation Policy (ISBN: 9784000238953) from researchers and practitioners in and out of Hokkaido University Public Policy School (HOPS), as well as discussions that took place at symposia at Hokkaido University, Kushiro Public University of Economics and Fukuoka University following publication. The main points are: (1) a ‘division of labour’ between the central and local governments in terms of regional policy, as well as balancing local autonomy and government leadership; (2) a sustainable method for regional revitalisation under the current policy decision-making system; and (3) reconciling the incompatible functional and territorial principles, as well as a way to promote voluntary inter-municipal co-operation.
• 政策現場と内閣主導 : 「地方創生」を通して見るそれらの関係

  村上 裕一

  季刊行政管理研究 行政管理研究センター (161) 4 - 18 0386-684X 2018/03 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• Impact of the Recent 'Local Revitalization Policy' on Local Governments in Ehime and Kagawa Prefectures

  Murakami Yuichi, Koiso Shuji, Sekiguchi Manami

  Annals, Public Policy Studies 北海道大学公共政策大学院 (12) 49 - 72 1881-9818 2018/03 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  This paper follows our study on the impacts and meanings of the recent 'Local Revitalization Policy' in Shikoku. Although we present complementary evidence based on our survey conducted last year on the Ehime and Kagawa Prefectures of Shikoku that validates the findings of Murakami et al. (2017), we find that Shikoku and Hokkaido both emphasize, in their respective strategies, economic policy (industry revitalization, and job creation), and social policy (child-care support, and immigration and settlement support). However, Shikoku places more emphasis on the latter because of a precedent partnership and 'division of labour' with prefectures that have mainly committed to the former. Further, results assert that (1) the 'national' policy, which targeted sharply shrinking areas, also lead local governments, which had not worked so hard on population decline, to recognize the seriousness of the problem; (2) Shikoku understood this seemingly 'spectacular' and 'flattering' policy that local governments saw too late rather calmly, because, unlike with Hokkaido, Shikoku did not have big expectations, and therefore, were not too disappointed with the policy; and (3) such a sudden policy implementation left bitter feelings and busy workloads for these years, and, ironically, an expectation for continuing support to deal with inter-governmental competition in a context of economic decline and population shrinkage.
• THE ROLE OF LOCAL COUNCILLORS IN THE AGE OF DECENTRALIZATION : THE CASE OF POLICY IMPLEMENTATION ON 'ABANDONED HOUSES'

  村上 裕一

  Sociotechnica 社会技術研究会 (14) 95 - 104 1349-0184 2017/06 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  This paper considers the expected role of local councillors in the age of decentralization by investigating decentralized policy implementations against ‘abandoned houses’ in Japan, which local governments are given some discretion in deciding how to deal with. This paper reviews what central and local governments have done until today, and sketches a broad picture of the ‘abandoned house’ problem. It sheds light on the policy agendas that were set and the issues discussed in an experimental policy dialog among local councillors, which the author attended. The study asserts the following: (1) the conventional ‘autonomous rule-making’ role of local councillors turns, in part, into an ‘autonomous administration’ role in collaboration with the local government bureaucracy; (2) the councillors can contribute to the reconciliation of administrative sectionalism in policies where a comprehensive approach is needed (‘government control’ role); and (3) their ‘inhabitant representation’ role stands out because such policies require fact-finding in residents’ everyday life, agenda-setting in councils, and its policy problem-structuring.
• Impacts of the Recent 'Local Revitalization Policy' on Local Governments in Hokkaido

  Murakami Yuichi, Koiso Shuji, Sekiguchi Manami

  Annals, Public Policy Studies 北海道大学公共政策大学院 (11) 119 - 137 1881-9818 2017/03 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  This paper is one of the first and most comprehensive studies to investigate the meaning of the Abe II administration's 'Local Revitalization Policy' and to review local governments' reactions in Hokkaido. Based on our survey of all the local governments in Hokkaido during October and November 2016, this paper concludes that the policy has provided a chance for farsighted governments, especially for those experiencing a sharp decline in young people, to realise the emerging problems of a shrinking society and to work on a solution. However, the policy has also been so sudden and almost arbitrary that the local governments' respective conventional systems were forced to work hard applying for unwieldy grants and following the detailed directions given by the central government. The results of our survey imply that the Central and local governments in Japan share discretion. The Central government maintains discretion in deciding nationwide policies and provides administrative guidance to the respective local governments, whether big or small and rich or poor, allowing them to formulate policies suitable to their own requirements. This is done while maintaining the Central government's overall policy design through the use of informational, budgetary, and regulatory tools.
• 'Corrosive Capture' in Theory and Practice : What is Discussed and How to Prevent It

  Murakami Yuichi

  Annals, Public Policy Studies 北海道大学公共政策大学院 (10) 141 - 165 1881-9818 2016/03 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Regulatory capture has recently been defined as 'the result by which regulation, in law or application, is consistently or repeatedly directed away from the public interest and toward the interests of the regulated industry, by the intent and action of the industry itself'. In excellent contrast to conventional capture theory, the concept of 'corrosive capture' argues that deregulation is no longer a panacea for emerging regulatory capture. This paper first reviews theoretical proposals for preventing capture such as by dividing power across multiple regulators, empowering consumers, promising diffuse interests, and conducting executive reviews of regulations based on cost-benefit analysis. Subsequently, the framework is applied to a Japanese case of regulations on drug sales through the Internet. The case study shows that values and sources of independent expertise are quite diverse in Japan, but the Supreme Court is somewhat hesitant, or more passive than expected in theory, to express substantial objections in regulatory affairs. Executive coordination and the Regulatory Reform Council in the Cabinet, chaired by a private entrepreneur, can free captured regulations from vested interests and make them more effective, although the notion of 'public interest' has not been clearly defined in the regulatory space.
• Administrative Discretion : Its Autonomy, Control, and Responsibility

  Yuichi Murakami

  The Hokkaido Law Review 北海道大学大学院法学研究科 66 (5) 1383 - 1408 0385-5953 2016/01 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  There is a two-sided relationship between administrative discretion and control/responsibility; wide discretion for bureaucrats is argued by some to enable them to do their best to complete their missions, while others argue that it gives them ‘free hands’ to behave on their own without any consideration of the public interest. This paper firstly focuses on a substantive and conceptual enhancement of administrative discretion in history, despite some judicial and de-facto restrictions on bureaucrats from its circumstances, and it defines administrative discretion as a combination of administrative (1) ‘autonomy’ and (2) ‘discretion’ (in a narrower sense, under the delegation of the Cabinet and the Parliament). Case studies were performed on (1) the technical standard-setting process of safety regulations, (2) the organizational design of independent regulatory agencies, and (3) the executive planning and budgeting of science and technology policy. The studies show that bureaucrats today manage to maintain or even widen their discretion (as a whole) by means of making the most of their autonomy and through regulation of regulation, or ‘meta-regulation’. Although recent administrative reform strengthened administrative control from the Cabinet and the Parliament as aimed, administrative responsibility was actually fulfilled through various international organizations, private actors, and a kind of market mechanism, as they are also important in satisfying the procedural requirements of preparing scientific evidence when making decisions, and in winning consumers’ selection and ‘competition’ among various regulatory schemes (whether public or private). It is true that the government should pursue transparency to be accountable and be controlled by other institutions as widely discussed in academia, but this paper argues for widening administrative discretion for bureaucrats, on the contrary, with a sense of their mission, responsibility, and public interest in mind and a focus on a sort of bureaucratic ethics in relation to ministers, politicians, and citizens.
• 'Deja-Vu' in Establishing the Governmental 'Control Tower' Focusing on Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy in Japan

  Murakami Yuichi

  Annals, Public Policy Studies 北海道大学公共政策大学院 (9) 143 - 168 1881-9818 2015/03 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  This paper begins by describing the establishment of the Scientific Technical Administration Committee (STAC) in 1948, the Science and Technology Agency (STA) in 1956, and the Council for Science, Technology, and Innovation (CSTI) in 2014 in Japan. These agencies have something in common in that they were somewhat expected to work as governmental 'control towers (CTs)' of Japan's science, technology, and innovation policy, with political leadership in the contemporary Cabinet. Second, this paper shows some of the agencies' similarities and differences, including the following: (1) they have been initiated and supported mainly by the industrial sector (and the STA would not have been established without a nuclear budget), (2) the STAC and the STA emphasized 'comprehensive coordination' as an important part of their mission between related ministries, though the CSTI is expected to be a 'CT' or a 'headquarters' for the administration to initiate resource distribution or science/technology policy decisions, and (3) the STAC and the STA showed their relatively positive attitudes toward a rather wide range of science/technology policies, though the CSTI is quite passive toward some policies such as research & development of nuclear and medicine, which are in fact directed by other 'CTs' or the like. Two hypotheses emerge from the discussionabove: the 'CT' is a product of the Central Government Ministries Reform (2001); it can cause another authoritative dispute between some 'CTs' in the Cabinet Office. These two hypotheses will be tested through further research including the following: (1) investigating the background of the establishment of other 'CTs' and their relationships with the political leadership in the Cabinet, (2) analysing that leadership's impact in the existing administrative system in the bureaucracy, and (3) describing in more detail the STAC, STA, and CSTI's actual practices regarding their policy coordination/implementation and resource distribution.
• Characteristics of Recent Trends in IMO Regulations

  村上 裕一

  日本海洋政策学会誌 日本海洋政策学会 (4) 127 - 138 2186-3954 2014/11 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  This paper characterizes three major aspects of discussions in International Maritime Organization (IMO) on recent amendments of the MARPOL 73/78 and SOLAS conventions such as: (1) to strengthen existing regulations in the Convention; (2) to implement the concept of Goal-Based Standard (GBS); and (3) to implement the Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) as a tool for assessing regulatory options. Compared with other fields of regulation—those for wooden buildings, automobiles, electric equipment, and nuclear facilities—IMO regulation has several unique features. First, clusters of its stakeholders are so diverse and multi-layered that the regulatory disputes often turn out to be a global issue, and political pressure concerning safety/environmental protection and regulation reinforcement tends to affect the regulation rather immediately. Second, regulatory implementation or enforcement is so much more difficult than just setting a target or standards that more effective regulatory methods have been examined recently, such as the improvement of Port State Control (PSC) and additional supervision of ship operation or its human factors. Finally, probabilistic safety/risk assessment, such as FSA, has been well designed and used in order to balance the social benefits that ship transport yields, and its potential risks that can be diffused and complex.
• The Structure and Transformation of 'Regulatory Space' : Case Studies on Governmental Discretion in Public-Private Collaboration(6)

  村上 裕一

  The journal of the Association of Political and Social Sciences 東京大学大学院法学政治学研究科 126 (11) 1064 - 1123 0023-2793 2013/12 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• The Structure and Transformation of 'Regulatory Space' : Case Studies on Governmental Discretion in Public-Private Collaboration(5)

  村上 裕一

  The journal of the Association of Political and Social Sciences 東京大学大学院法学政治学研究科 126 (9) 868 - 923 0023-2793 2013/10 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• The Structure and Transformation of 'Regulatory Space' : Case Studies on Governmental Discretion in Public-Private Collaboration(4)

  村上 裕一

  The journal of the Association of Political and Social Sciences 東京大学大学院法学政治学研究科 126 (7) 688 - 741 0023-2793 2013/08 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• The Structure and Transformation of 'Regulatory Space' : Case Studies on Governmental Discretion in Public-Private Collaboration(3)

  村上 裕一

  The journal of the Association of Political and Social Sciences 東京大学大学院法学政治学研究科 126 (5) 438 - 499 0023-2793 2013/06 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• The Structure and Transformation of 'Regulatory Space' : Case Studies on Governmental Discretion in Public-Private Collaboration(2)

  村上 裕一

  The journal of the Association of Political and Social Sciences 東京大学大学院法学政治学研究科 126 (3) 197 - 245 0023-2793 2013/04 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• The Structure and Transformation of 'Regulatory Space' : Case Studies on Governmental Discretion in Public-Private Collaboration(1)

  村上 裕一

  The journal of the Association of Political and Social Sciences 東京大学大学院法学政治学研究科 126 (1) 1 - 54 0023-2793 2013/02 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• REFLECTIONS ON THE 'INDEPENDENCE' OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION:WHAT IT IS FOR AND HOW TO COMPREHEND IT

  MURAKAMI Yuichi

  SOCIOTECHNICA 社会技術研究会 10 (10) 117 - 127 1349-0184 2013 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  This study examines reasons why governmental organizations engaged in public administration (PA) need to be inde-pendent and shows that 'independence' can be categorized as independence from (1) other departments in government, (2) politics (e.g. partisanship), and (3) those subject to its activities. It is argued that treating PA in terms of its resources (treasures (i.e. finances), authority, organizations and nodality (i.e. information)) is meaningful for evaluating the true extent of independence. Analysis of PA in Japan identifies goals for future study, such as more sophisticated methods for quantitative evaluation and further investigation of 'independence' and institutional design to build public trust in PA.
• The Fate of Voluntary Regulations if Placed under a Regulatory Statute System

  村上 裕一

  計画行政 日本計画行政学会 35 (3) 44 - 51 0387-2513 2012/08 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  This paper analyses the manner in which some government regulators are attempting to place voluntary(self-) regulations under their system of regulatory statute, or legislation, with the aim of dealing with (1) dilemmas (scarcer resources vs. stronger public demand, and the risk of making serious mistakes vs. the risk of receiving severe criticism for inaction), (2) stronger political demand to act against danger, and (3) missions to attain ‘public good’ in political tides of ‘deregulation’. In such a situation, existing voluntary regulation in the private sphere will probably remain (a) a voluntary regulation under some conditions with a likelihood of finding itself, (b) a technical supporting organization (TSO) which helps a regulator write detailed specifications and guidelines of performance requirements, or (c) a registered conformity assessment body or the like which serves as a regulator’s agent. This paper points out that (i) voluntary regulations, however significant, can find it difficult to stay absolutely independent of the regulatory statute, (ii) ‘regulatory space’ can be more plural than ever before in that many organizations and certification processes with authority, legitimacy, and justice have been built into a regulatory system, and (iii) regulators tend to leave the selection of better regulators and processes to technological or other competitions.
• HOW DOES THE REGULATOR CHOOSE ITS ADMINISTRATIVE TOOLS FOR PUBLIC-PRIVATE COLLABORATION ?:A COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY OF REGULATIONS ON ELECTRIC APPLIANCES

  MURAKAMI Yuichi

  SOCIOTECHNICA 社会技術研究会 8 (8) 124 - 137 1349-0184 2011 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  Complicated forms of 'public-private division of labour' are frequently observed in regulatory activities. In this paper, I first classify the institutional alternatives of public-private work-sharing, according to the amount of discretion that remains with the government. Then, I expand on my research agenda?how the delegated regulator chooses its administrative tools for public-private collaboration, and the performance of such tools?through a comparative case study on [1] the third-party/self-certification system under the Electrical Appliance and Material Safety Law, and [2] self-regulation against electromagnetic interference (EMI) managed by a private council, the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Information Technology Equipment (VCCI). The results reveal that their differences in administrative tools are also explained by differences in [1] the resources that the industry possesses for effective regulation, such as administrative or punitive powers for appropriate implementation, and so, [2] suitable discretionary tools in the government for making the regulation productive and responsive in the regulatory space (provided by social factors such as market, consumer, and information), and [3] whether the regulatory system directly suffered from political tides of the regulatory reform in the 1980s, in addition to differences in [4] tools reasonable for the nature of the regulated technology, and [5] the respective path-dependent factor. This paper also mentions some implications for sociotechnology research.
• A METAGOVERNOR'S ROLE AND ITS LIMITS IN INTRODUCING AND DIFFUSING ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY

  MURAKAMI Yuichi, YOKOYAMA Yurie, HIRAISHI Akira

  SOCIOTECHNICA 社会技術研究会 7 (7) 182 - 198 1349-0184 2010 

  'Public-private collaborations' or 'governance networks' have been found indispensable in public policies such as those for introducing and diffusing new advanced technology. In particular, in recent years, policy managers have been required to make efforts with regard to the 'governance of governance' or 'metagovernance'. Comparing with Sørensen and Torfing's recent work on effective and democratic 'metagovernance', this paper researches the R&D policy on fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) in Japan observing how the stakeholders recognize the policy and its feasibility, to find evidence on the conventional theory and to modify it. Furthermore, this paper aims to examine what a 'metagovernor' has to do to attain a certain policy goal, and to analyze endogenous and/or exogenous factors (such as the difficulty in distributing resources appropriately to competing technologies, the vulnerability of the research flow to political tides and personnel reshuffles, etc.) that should be taken into consideration in the policy processes for introducing and diffusing brand-new technology. We conclude that the 'metagovernor' is only a component of the plural 'metagovernance network', which imposes on him the abovementioned limits.
• Public-private collaboration for public management: a case study on technical standard-setting process for automobile safety

  村上 裕一

  The journal of the Association of Political and Social Sciences 國家學會事務所 122 (9) 1266 - 1330 0023-2793 2009/10 [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• PROBLEM STRUCTURING OF DISCUSSIONS ON ROAD PRICING SCHEME PROPOSED BY THE TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT

  KITAMURA Hidetaka, MURAKAMI Yuichi, KATO Hironori, SHIROYAMA Hideaki

  SOCIOTECHNICA 社会技術研究会 5 40 - 51 1349-0184 2008 [Not refereed][Not invited]
   

  This paper analyzes the problem structure in the discussions on road pricing scheme proposed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government particularly from the freight transportation viewpoint. In order to survey the problem structuring identified by the stakeholders, we interviewed the following stakeholders: the two departments in the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG), the TMG Committee on road pricing scheme, the two types of freight transportation operators and the retailers. The survey results show that the stakeholders identify the road pricing scheme in the various ways whereas the stakeholders have change in the identified problem structure during the discussions.

MISC

• Codebook: The Descriptive Results of the 2022 Japanese Bureaucrats’ Survey on Work-Life Balance

  青木, 栄一, 王, 灝淼, 藤井, 竜哉, 神林, 寿幸, 伊藤, 正次, 河合, 晃一, 北村, 亘, 清水, 唯一朗, 曽我, 謙悟, 手塚, 洋輔, 村上, 裕一  東北大学大学院教育学研究科研究年報 = Annual Report Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University  71-  (2)  107  -126  2023/06/28  

  type:紀要類（bulletin)
• Codebook: The Descriptive Results of the 2021 Japanese Bureaucrats’ Survey on Work-Life Balance

  青木, 栄一, 王, 灝淼, 神林, 寿幸, 伊藤, 正次, 河合, 晃一, 北村, 亘, 清水, 唯一朗, 曽我, 謙悟, 手塚, 洋輔, 村上, 裕一  東北大学大学院教育学研究科研究年報 = Annual Report Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University  71-  (1)  171  -190  2022/12/28  

  type:紀要類（bulletin)
• Prof. Atsushi MIYAWAKI's Carriculum Vitae and Publications

  村上裕一  The Hokkaido Law Review  72-  (6)  283  -309  2022/03  [Not refereed]
  
• 北海道自治研究会：フランスの地方自治の体感

  村上 裕一  公益社団法人北海道地方自治研究所『北海道自治研究』  (633)  14  -25  2021/10  [Not refereed][Invited]
  
• フランスの地方都市で見たコロナ危機対応

  村上 裕一  第83回 全国都市問題会議：命とくらしを守り育む都市政策～コロナ禍を契機として  121  -125  2021/10  [Not refereed][Invited]
  
• 広域自治体のローカル線運営 : フランス版リエゾンのメリット

  村上 裕一  開発こうほう  (693)  30  -34  2021/05  [Not refereed][Invited]
  
• フランスにおける諸改革と社会：年金制度、高等教育・研究のいま

  村上 裕一  公益社団法人北海道地方自治研究所『北海道自治研究（2020年4月）』  (615)  18  -19  2020/04  [Not refereed][Invited]
  
• The Descriptive Results of a Survey Targeting the Executive Staff at the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan

  青木 栄一, 伊藤 正次, 河合 晃一, 北村 亘, 曽我 謙悟, 手塚 洋輔, 村上 裕一  東北大学大学院教育学研究科研究年報 = Annual Report Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University  66-  (1)  177  -198  2017/12  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 道内のインバウンド現象を巡る法的問題の把握とその実証研究

  嶋 拓哉, 児矢野 マリ, 野田 耕志, 村上 裕一, 津田 智成, 樽本 英樹, 落合 研一  助成研究論文集  125  -149  2017
• 書評（学界展望〔行政学〕：Stephen P. Osborne, (ed.). The New Public Governance? Emerging Perspectives on the Theory and Practice of Public Governance. (Oxford & New York: Routledge, 2010, xv+431 pp.)）

  村上 裕一  国家学会雑誌  125-  (5-6)  275  -278  2012/06  [Not refereed][Invited]
  
• 寄書：行政学研究と『自主規制』の過去・現在・未来

  村上 裕一  VCCIだより  (103号)  2  -3  2011/12  [Not refereed][Invited]
  
• Book Review

  村上 裕一  http://pari.u-tokyo.ac.jp/column/review01.html  2010/11  [Not refereed][Invited]
  
• 原子力安全規制体制の課題（補論）：規制調査の現状と課題

  村上 裕一  原子力法制研究会 社会と法制度設計分科会中間報告  133  -160  2009/06  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 書評 川手摂『戦後日本の公務員制度史--「キャリア」システムの成立と展開』

  村上 裕一  日本政治研究  4-  (2)  410  -415  2007/07  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 都市再開発事業における官民の連携手法：官民のパートナーシップによる事業資金の調達手法にしつつ

  村上 裕一  川崎市溝口駅前再開発の研究（川崎市政研究２）  2007/03  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  
• 書評 今村都南雄『官庁セクショナリズム』

  村上 裕一  日本政治研究  4-  (1)  196  -199  2007/01  [Not refereed][Not invited]
  

Books etc

• 地域政策の新たな潮流を探る

  小磯 修二 
  中西出版 2024/07 (ISBN: 4891154349) 316
• 文部科学省の解剖

  青木 栄一, 曽我 謙吾, 北村 亘, 伊藤 正次, 河合 晃一, 手塚 洋輔, 村上 裕一 
  東信堂 2019/04 (ISBN: 479891553X) 296
• 地方創生を超えて――これからの地域政策

  小磯 修二, 村上 裕一, 山崎 幹根 
  岩波書店 2018/07 (ISBN: 4000238957) 200
• 技術基準と官僚制――変容する規制空間の中で

  村上 裕一 
  岩波書店 2016/05 (ISBN: 4000611216) 352
• 公共政策学の将来: 理論と実践の架橋をめざして

  宮脇 淳, 佐々木 隆生, 石井 吉春, 村上 裕一, 小林 陽介, 高野 伸栄, 武藤 俊雄, 小磯 修二, 中村 研一, 山崎 幹根 
  一般社団法人 北海道大学出版会 2016/04 (ISBN: 4832968254) 338
• 大震災に学ぶ社会科学 第3巻 福島原発事故と複合リスク・ガバナンス

  城山, 英明, 谷口, 武俊, 加治木, 紳哉, 平野, 琢, 奥村, 裕一, 菅原, 慎悦, 土屋, 智子, 寿楽, 浩太, 松尾, 真紀子, 田代, 孝雄, 畑中, 綾子, 本田, 利器, 加藤, 浩徳, 村上, 裕一, 三國谷, 勝範 
  東洋経済新報社 2015/09 (ISBN: 4492223584) 392
• 合理的な人殺し: 犯罪の法と経済学 (法と経済学叢書 7)

  太田 勝造, 太田, 勝造, 米村, 幸太郎, 村上, 裕一, 西本, 健太郎, 劉, 芳伶, 森, 大輔, 安藤, 馨, 高橋, 脩一, 濵井, 宏之 
  ゲアリー・E. マルシェ 木鐸社 2006/08 (ISBN: 4833223791) 234

Presentations

• Deciphering the Dynamics: Science Council of Japan and CSTI Working 'in Tandem' ?  [Not invited]

  村上裕一

  日本公共政策学会2024年度研究大会  2024/06
• 'Agile Governance': Is It So Novel?  [Invited]

  Yuichi Murakami

  マルチステークホルダー研究会  2024/02  立命館大学衣笠キャンパス・学而館 

  The term 'agile governance' is employed to highlight deficiencies within the current public administrative process, while simultaneously revealing newly recognized aspects such as flexibility and responsibility, stemming from advancements in innovative technology and lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. This theoretical framework has the potential to catalyze administrative reforms aimed at addressing the inflexibility, formality, and time-intensive nature of governance. However, it is imperative to consider how to safeguard values such as democratic legitimacy or social justice that may be overlooked due to an excessive focus on agility. Examination of relevant cases underscores the importance of: regulatory experimentation and fostering public-private collaboration in rule-making/implementation; integrating a monitoring component into select evaluation indicators during policy assessment to facilitate shorter-term goal and method revisions; and reassessing legislative and judicial mechanisms, drawing inspiration from French crisis management strategies such as the State of Emergency Doctrine and Le Conseil constitutionnel's review.
• 'Agile Governance' and Policy Evaluation  [Not invited]

  Yuichi Murakami

  日本評価学会 第24回全国大会「評価は社会に何をもたらすのか」（自由論題3：データとエビデンス）  2023/12  大阪大学吹田キャンパス・阪大コンベンションセンター 

  The identified shortcomings of the Japanese policy process in the recent government report on 'Agile Governance' (AG) — responsive and flexible policymaking and implementation that can address complex and difficult social issues promptly and appropriately — are not necessarily novel. The software-design-inspired AG is being systematically theorised in academia. Mergel et al. (2020) assert that AG assumes situations that are fluid and change over time, privileges adaptive structures over hierarchies and silos, emphasises responsible individual discretion over bureaucratic procedures, and underscores continuous self-reflective learning processes. It increases knowledge about processes, procedures, and requirements for new processes and services. However, AG cannot be easily adopted because it is antithetical to many typical bureaucratic line organisations. It requires a new form of leadership (for example, 'meta-governance,' as discussed in my 2013 publication) and new forms of contracting and procurement. I emphasise the importance of policy evaluation to ensure accountability ex-post and as a monitoring tool for policy responsiveness. There is a need for constant review of policy goals and the measures to attain them, along with restructuring public-private relationships to leverage respective expertise, as demonstrated by past cases in Japan.
• Port Authorities as a Key Factor in Port Governance Research  [Invited]

  Yuichi Murakami

  「港湾の政治学」研究会  2023/10  公益社団法人日本港湾協会 

  A port authority (PA) represents either a public or private entity endowed with the authority to oversee the administration, development, management, and, occasionally, the operation of port facilities and infrastructure, in addition to the coordination and supervision of port operations related activities (Notteboom, T., Pallis, A., & Rodrigue, J.-P. (2022). Port Economics, Management and Policy. New York: Routledge. pp. 301-302.). The prevailing global trend revolves around the establishment of domestic and intercontinental PA networks and their collaborative efforts. These developments have been facilitated by top-down or bottom-up governmental guidance, aimed at preventing resource wastage resulting from over-competition among ports and promoting new logistic chains. In Japan, more than 90% of all the ports are managed in a decentralized and democratic manner by prefectures and municipalities. This approach led to fragmentation within the broader, nationwide port strategy. Indeed, the current system reflects the historical context of pre-and post-war Japan and respects the principle of democratic control over own territories. Still, I contend that the adoption of a networked PA as a corporate entity, functioning in accordance with stakeholder consensus, can ease over-fragmentation of ports and the resulting inefficiencies witnessed in Japan.
• My Research on Public Administration on Science, Technology and Innovation Policy  [Not invited]

  Yuichi Murakami

  南島科研「国立研究開発法人における体系的評価の構築に関する研究」研究会  2023/09  宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）東京事務所
• Port Authorities as a Key Factor in Port Governance Research  [Not invited]

  Yuichi Murakami

  日本計画行政学会第46回全国大会  2023/09  日本大学経済学部3号館 

  A port authority (PA) represents either a public or private entity endowed with the authority to oversee the administration, development, management, and, occasionally, the operation of port facilities and infrastructure, in addition to the coordination and supervision of port operations related activities (Notteboom, T., Pallis, A., & Rodrigue, J.-P. (2022). Port Economics, Management and Policy. New York: Routledge. pp. 301-302.). The prevailing global trend revolves around the establishment of domestic and intercontinental PA networks and their collaborative efforts. These developments have been facilitated by top-down or bottom-up governmental guidance, aimed at preventing resource wastage resulting from over-competition among ports and promoting new logistic chains. In Japan, more than 90% of all the ports are managed in a decentralized and democratic manner by prefectures and municipalities. This approach led to fragmentation within the broader, nationwide port strategy. Indeed, the current system reflects the historical context of pre-and post-war Japan and respects the principle of democratic control over own territories. Still, I contend that the adoption of a networked PA as a corporate entity, functioning in accordance with stakeholder consensus, can ease over-fragmentation of ports and the resulting inefficiencies witnessed in Japan.
• 討論者

  村上裕一

  2023年度日本公共政策学会研究大会（企画委員会セッション5：公共政策研究における「専門性」の可能性）  2023/06
• 討論者

  村上裕一

  2023年度日本行政学会研究会（分科会D2：行政サービスに関する市民と行政の合意）  2023/05
• コメント  [Not invited]

  村上裕一

  HOPSセミナー「地域医療ネットワークの拡充に向けて：医療情報化の現状と展望」  2023/03
• Independence of Nuclear Regulatory Agencies in East Asia  [Not invited]

  Yuichi Murakami

  日本評価学会 第23回全国大会「活用される評価に向けて」（自由論題1：行政）  2022/12 

  Trustworthy regulatory agencies must be independent and transparent concerning politics or the elected administration, other competing promotive ministries, and regulated parties. It is more relevant to nuclear regulation, with references to the International Atomic Energy Agency guidelines and lessons learned from the catastrophic Fukushima disaster. This paper proposes a new framework for assessing a nuclear regulatory body's autonomy and transparency. It works to avoid ‘regulatory capture’ while also ensuring regulatory accountability and responsibility by maintaining a certain ‘distance’ from other institutions, on the one hand, and making balanced decisions, paying attention to non-homogeneity and non-controlling relations between well-specialized members in the open collegiate body, on the other hand. Continued and appropriate regulatory implementation, enabled by such autonomy and transparency, will result in a good reputation and thus public trust. The framework is used to examine nuclear regulations in East Asia and in France and conclude that the composition of their agencies varies depending on the type of autonomy (e.g. political, organisational, or technological) that each country seeks.
• A Perspective on the Regional Governmental System in Future Japan  [Invited]

  Yuichi Murakami

  一般財団法人自治総合センター「21世紀地方自治制度についての調査研究会（2022年度・第2回）」  2022/12 

  Based on the results of my studies in France and Japan, I suggest the following three proposals. First, a three-layered government system implementing a regional government between the central government and prefectures can be more efficient than the current two-layered government in certain policy areas, particularly in an emergency, when it yields scale merit. The immediate measures adopted by the Tohoku Regional Development Bureau in the East Japan Great Earthquake in 2011 signify that trans-prefectural public administration can function when it is authorized by both top-down supervision and bottom-up democracy. Second, wider-area governance, or inter-communal cooperation requires governmental support with well-calculated incentives of devolution and finance. As each commune is more populated in Japan (73,475 habitants per commune on average), inter-communal cooperation is assumed to be more difficult to achieve than in France (1,832 habitants per commune). Third, it is the central government that should deal with the cost-burden conflict between urban and rural areas with a somewhat public-interest reasoned persuasion (e.g. environment protection, regional development) because the conflict makes vertical and horizontal inter-governmental cooperation particularly difficult according to French cases of local railway management by the regional government, urban transportation management by métropoles, and difficulties in the inter-communal cooperation or merge.
• Can Regulations Keep Up With Innovation? Trans-Disciplinary Approach for Sustainability of Regulations  [Not invited]

  Yuichi Murakami

  機能強化事業「新たな学際領域を生み出す異分野融合研究拠点をコアにした若手研究者育成」主催「第8回 北大・部局横断シンポジウム」  2022/10 

  Government regulations have often hindered technological innovation because the governments do not have enough resources to anticipate and prepare for unpredictable innovations, and the rulemaking and amendment procedures are onerous, rigid, and time-consuming. However, it is also true that innovation does not happen on its own if there is no government support. The advent of computers, an advanced technology at the time, led to an inter-ministerial dispute in Japan amid the electromagnetic interference regulation in the 1970s and 1980s. As a result, some type of public-private “collaborative” regulation has been established. The division of labor between governmental lawmaking of overall regulatory objectives and private self-regulation of technical specifications is compatible with innovation, and should be applied to other newly-emerging technologies such as AI and robots. Regulatory experiments such as the regulatory sandbox and special zone system are also implemented to reconcile the logics of innovation and regulation and co-create a safe and secure society; however, they still need to be improved in terms of their technique and process management.
• Commentator  [Invited]

  Yuichi Murakami

  環境経済・政策学会（SEEPS）2022年大会（企画セッション：東アジアの原子力安全規制機関の国際比較：独立性と透明性の視点から）  2022/10
• 討論者（黒河昭雄氏ご報告に対して）  [Invited]

  村上 裕一

  日本公共政策学会研究大会（第26回）（自由公募セッション4：官民関係と政策）  2022/06
• コロナ危機における統治と自治と共治  [Invited]

  村上 裕一

  日本大学法学部政経研究所プロジェクト「COVID-19と社会の変容」研究会  2022/01
• 行政の組織と活動の「独立性」についての追加的検討  [Invited]

  村上 裕一

  科学研究費補助金（基盤B）「原子力リスク分析に基づいた東アジアの原発安全協働体制構築」  2021/12
• 科技イノベ基本計画と行政学：予算、調達、評価などについて  [Not invited]

  村上 裕一

  日本評価学会 第22回全国大会（共通論題10：第6期科学技術基本計画と評価学）  2021/12
• 船舶分野の規制の特徴  [Invited]

  村上 裕一

  名古屋大学大学院環境学研究科主催シンポジウム：地球規模の環境汚染に関する科学と政策（1）「船舶からの硫黄酸化物及び粒子状物質の排出規制：地球規模での大気汚染対策の意義と影響」  2021/11
• Interdisciplinary approach to consensual global standardization  [Not invited]

  Yuichi Murakami

  北大創成研究機構・北大大学力強化推進本部主催「第7回 北海道大学・部局横断シンポジウム」文理融合セッション  2021/10
• 「強い国家」ゆえの脆弱性？：コロナ危機とフランス政治行政  [Not invited]

  𠮷田 徹, 村上 裕一

  日本政治学会研究大会（D8【研究交流委員会企画】EU統合と「コロナ危機」：《統合・デモクラシー・権威主義》と政治の役割）  2021/09
• フランスの地方自治の体感  [Invited]

  村上裕一

  2021年度第1回北海道自治研究会  2021/08
• フランスのローカル線運営：「私の列車、私の地域」の意味  [Not invited]

  村上裕一

  ウェビナー「どうする？どうなる？北海道のローカル線」  2021/07
• コメンテータ（永見靖氏ご報告に対して）  [Invited]

  村上裕一

  環境法政策学会年次学術大会（第25回）（第一分科会：国内法）  2021/06
• 行政の多層性をめぐって  [Invited]

  村上裕一

  東京大学行政学研究会  2021/06
• Book Review for Ryuma Shineha's Recent Book on Responsible STI Governance  [Invited]

  Yuichi Murakami

  科学社会学会オンライン研究会（合評会）  2021/03
• Le corona vu du Japon: Quel pays est le plus efficace contre le coronavirus?  [Invited]

  Yuichi Murakami

  北大院法学研究科附属高等法政研 公開講演会「コロナ危機から考える現代社会」  2021/01
• Science & Technology Policy Evaluation and the Management: Lessons from 'Trials & Errors' of France for Better 'Monitoring & Advice'  [Not invited]

  Yuichi Murakami

  日本評価学会 全国大会（第21回）  2020/11
• The CITES Regime in Transition Management  [Not invited]

  Yuichi Murakami

  日本計画行政学会 全国大会（第43回）  2020/11
• Democratic Control and Governmental Delegation: Reality and Prospects in STI Policy  [Not invited]

  Yuichi Murakami

  日本公共政策学会研究大会（第24回）  2020/06
• CITES実施の「多層的規制モデル」  [Not invited]

  村上 裕一

  環境法政策学会年次学術大会（第23回）  2019/06
• 科技庁はどこへ行ったのか：「総合調整」から「司令塔」への進化？  [Not invited]

  村上 裕一

  日本政治学会研究大会  2018/10
• 地方創生の過去・現在と未来  [Not invited]

  村上 裕一

  日本計画行政学会第41回全国大会（企画ワークショップ：課題先進地・北海道発！「地方創生」の成果と教訓を考える」  2018/09
• 「地方創生」を研究して：釧路開催に寄せて  [Not invited]

  村上 裕一

  釧路公立大学主催フォーラム「地方創生を超えて：人口減少時代に向き合う地域政策を考える」  2018/09
• 「地方創生」を研究して：それをどう「超えて」いくか  [Not invited]

  村上 裕一

  北大公共政策大学院主催フォーラム「地方創生を超えて：人口減少時代に向き合う地域政策を考える」  2018/07
• 「地方創生」の行政学的分析  [Invited]

  村上 裕一

  第137回 関西公共政策研究会  2018/03
• 規制の「実験」と「評価」のシステム試論  [Not invited]

  村上 裕一

  日本評価学会 第18回全国大会（自由論題2：評価制度）  2017/12
• 科学技術政策の「司令塔機能強化」の行政学的意義  [Invited]

  村上 裕一

  第1回 大阪大学豊中地区研究交流会 第2部 文理融合セミナー  2016/12
• 日本版「規制監督機関」のデザイン：規制の良し悪しを評価するという観点から  [Not invited]

  村上 裕一

  日本評価学会 第17回全国大会（自由論題1：制度と評価）  2016/11
• 『技術基準と官僚制』とそれ以降の取り組みについて  [Invited]

  村上 裕一

  先端行政学研究会  2016/10
• 行政研究における法学と政治学の対話可能性について  [Not invited]

  村上 裕一

  北大法学会  2015/12
• 規制を評価する仕組みについての一考察  [Not invited]

  村上 裕一

  日本評価学会 第16回全国大会（自由論題4：評価手法）  2015/12
• いわゆるCorrosive Captureとその予防方策  [Not invited]

  村上 裕一

  日本政治学会研究会（分科会B-1：政府と市場）  2015/10
• 「行政裁量」と現代の行政責任・行政統制について  [Not invited]

  村上 裕一

  日本行政学会研究会（分科会A：行政責任・行政統制をめぐる変容）  2015/05

Association Memberships

• The Japan Society of Transportation Economics   Société franco-japonaise de sciences politiques   The Japan Society of Environmental Law and Policy   The Japan Evaluation Society   Japan Association for Planning Administration   Japanese Political Science Association   Public Policy Studies Association, Japan   The Japanese Society for Public Administration   

Research Projects

• 現代日本における専門行政官の人事システムと組織体制に関する総合的研究

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業

  Date (from‐to) : 2024/04 -2027/03 

  Author : 伊藤 正次, 藤田 由紀子, 前田 貴洋, 村上 裕一, 河合 晃一, 手塚 洋輔, 太田 響子, 関 智弘, 松井 望, 京 俊介
• 日本の公共交通の持続可能性向上に向けた総合的研究

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業

  Date (from‐to) : 2023/04 -2027/03 

  Author : 高松 淳也, 林 昌宏, 村上 裕一
• 現代日本における専門行政官の人事システムと組織体制に関する総合的研究

  日本学術振興会：科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B)

  Date (from‐to) : 2022/04 -2027/03 

  Author : 伊藤 正次, 藤田 由紀子, 前田 貴洋, 村上 裕一, 河合 晃一, 手塚 洋輔, 太田 響子, 関 智弘, 松井 望, 京 俊介

   

  研究期間の初年度となる2022年度は、日本の専門行政官の人事システムや組織体制に関する実態把握を中心に研究を進めた。 まず、2022年8月に研究メンバー全員が出席する会合をオンラインで開催した。専門行政官は、採用試験区分（専門職試験、総合職試験、一般職試験）と俸給表の種別（専門行政職、税務職、公安職、行政職（一）等）によって多様な類型に整理されるが、会合では、本研究で扱う労働基準監督官、国税専門官、財務専門官、税関職員、食品衛生監視員、入国審査官・警備官、航空管制官、刑務官、法務省専門職員等の位置づけを確認した。その上で、各メンバーが担当する専門行政官の実態や先行研究等に関する試論的な報告を行い、意見交換を行った。 その後、各メンバーは担当する職種に関する基礎的な研究を開始した。2022年度は、税関職員に対するインタビュー調査を実施し、メンバー間でその結果を共有した。とくに各税関で採用された職員のうち、財務本省で働く機会を得る職員の人事メカニズムや、税関の現場における能力育成等に関する新たな知見を得ることができた。 また、財務専門官、国税専門官、労働基準監督官、食品衛生監視員について、研究の進捗状況を報告し、意見交換を行うための研究会を2023年3月に開催した。とくに後者の研究会では、財務省に勤務する専門行政官は、人事運用や組織編制において多様であり、キャリア財務官僚を含め、自律的な人事単位としての人事グループという観点から、財務省の官僚人事システムを分析することの意義を確認することができた。
• Research on the construction of systematic evaluation at the National Research and Development Agency

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

  Date (from‐to) : 2022/04 -2025/03 

  Author : 南島 和久, 定松 淳, 柳瀬 恵一, 白川 展之, 山谷 清秀, 西山 慶司, 塩満 典子, 橋本 圭多, 山谷 清志, 宮崎 英治, 村上 裕一, 湯浅 孝康

   

  2022年度の本研究課題にかかる主な実績は以下の3点である。 第1に、研究会を合計7回開催し、構成員の研究蓄積の共有を図った。とくに、共著の研究書を刊行することを当面の目的として設定し、これに関する意見交換を重ねた。 第2に、2022年12月に日本評価学会に科学技術評価分科会を設置した。この科学技術評価分科会は本研究課題と連動することとするものであり、日本評価学会におけるプレゼンスの向上、研究の輪の拡大を目的とするものである。 第3に、2022年12月に開催された第23回全国大会において、共通論題および自由論題のセッションにおいて構成員が研究発表を行うなどした。研究代表者および研究分担者の実績としては、自由論題「行政」、共通論題「科学技術評価のこれまでとこれから：日本の評価学への期待」、共通論題「政策形成・評価の在り方に関する改革の動向：『役に立つ』評価を目指して」の3つのセッションにまたがり、その概略は以下のとおり。南島和久（座長1件、討論者2件）、村上裕一（報告1件「原子力行政機関の独立性を評価する」）、山谷清志（報告1件「行政統制と評価の再検討：比較政策評価論から」）、白川展之（座長1件、報告1件「日本評価学会科学技術評価分科会が目指すもの」）、塩満典子（報告1件「科学技術と評価：体験的研究評価論」）。 このほかに、白川展之を中心として、2023年2月28日に新潟大学ELSIセンター設置記念国際シンポジウム「新興技術のガバナンスに果たす総合大学と人文社会科学の役割：弱さを予期し強みに変えるResponsible by Design」（新潟大学主催）を開催したこと、山谷清志・南島和久がJICA事業に協力し、タジキスタンの高級官僚に日本の評価の経験を紹介したことも本研究課題のネットワークを生かした実績の一環として挙げることができる。
• Multi-Level Governance in Theory and Practice: Case Studies regarding Discretion

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

  Date (from‐to) : 2020/04 -2025/03 

  Author : 村上 裕一

   

  今年度の前半はボルドー政治学院にて、後半は在外研究期間満了のため帰国して、本研究に取り組んだ。今年度は下記の3観点から、マルチレベル・ガバナンス（MLG）を研究した。 (1) ルールメイキングの国際政治が注目されがちなワシントン条約レジームの、エンフォースメントを含む多層的・多元的な調整と協働を分析した。①SDGsを念頭に置いたCITESとWTOの調整・協働、②水産種の保護・保全に関するCITESとFAOの覚書締結、③COVID-19に対するCITESとWHO・OIE・FAOのワンヘルス・アプローチを事例に検討し、MLGが、条約レジームの環境適応・生存のための「戦略」とも捉えられると論じた（成果は『年報公共政策学』で発表予定）。 (2) 日本の研究開発費の政府負担割合が他の先進諸国よりも低水準にとどまっている原因と、日本で近年、科学技術基本計画の研究開発投資目標額が達成されていない原因を考察した上で、欧州連合のHorizon Europe策定の過程と理念、及び、スウェーデンのイノベーション行政推進の体制と理念を概観した。それを踏まえて、科技行政における民主的統制と委任（①財政当局等の事前統制の抑制、②予算調整と政策実施の関係整序、③科技・イノベ行政の区別）について提言した（成果は日本公共政策学会と『北大法学論集』で発表）。また、フランスの科技政策の評価制度史などについても情報収集した（成果は『日本評価研究』と『北海道自治研究』で発表）。 (3) 以前に実施した地方創生アンケートの結果を改めて分析し、フランスとの比較も交えて、「平成の大合併」と地方創生の政策手段・プロセスとしての市町村合併・連携を評価し、その条件や効果、自治体の思考様式の理論構築を試みた（成果は『日本評価研究』で発表）。また、フランスにおけるCOVID-19対応についても、中央地方関係や官民関係の観点から分析した。
• 官僚の社会化メカニズムの解明を通じた現代日本官僚制の研究

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

  Date (from‐to) : 2019/04 -2024/03 

  Author : 青木 栄一, 久保 慶明, 秦 正樹, 柳 至, 北村 亘, 伊藤 正次, 砂原 庸介, 本田 哲也, 村上 裕一, 河合 晃一, 曽我 謙悟, 手塚 洋輔, 原田 久, 大谷 基道

   

  具体的内容：①「官僚サーベイ」の実施に向けた準備作業を行った。主として分担者の北村が2019年に実施した官僚サーベイを検討し、調査方法全般について検討した（北村 2022）。その結果、調査対象の選定、回答方法等の工夫が必要だと判明した。官僚サーベイに関連して、研究代表者（青木）が別の研究代表者となっている科研プロジェクトが実施した別テーマ（官僚のワークライフバランス）のサーベイに関するセミナーを共催した。②「オーラルヒストリー」については、コロナ禍のため研究方法を変更した。まず既存のオーラルヒストリーのうち、公刊されたものから数点を選択しテキストデータ化を施し、今後の分析に資するデータセットづくりに着手した。これにくわえて、対面のオーラルヒストリーが可能となることを想定し、対象として想定される方の事績を年表形式でまとめた。③「ポスドク雇用」を行った。年度後半の6ヶ月間、1名を特任研究員として雇用し、過去の官僚サーベイの検討、オーラルヒストリーの準備作業を分担していただいた。 意義：①今後の実査や分析作業を考慮した分析方法の検討を行うことができた（学術的意義）。②ポスドクを雇用し、官僚制研究に若手研究者を招き入れることに成功した（人材育成的意義）。 重要性：官僚制研究におけるサーベイは長らく途絶えていたが、このプロジェクトは北村らのサーベイを引き継ぎ、かつパネルデータ化することを目的としている。当該年度に実施した研究の成果は、この意味でパネルデータ化に向けた基礎的なものとして重要性がある。
• 持続的食資源確保のためのグローバル法戦略の研究―多角的なフィールド調査を活用して

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Challenging Research (Pioneering)

  Date (from‐to) : 2019/06 -2023/03 

  Author : 曽野 裕夫, 東山 寛, 嶋 拓哉, 児矢野 マリ, 山下 竜一, 中谷 朋昭, 小林 国之, 村上 裕一, 清水池 義治, 中山 一郎, 伊藤 一頼

   

  研究期間２年目である今年度は、新型コロナウイルス感染症の世界的拡大という当初予期しなかった事態に即応したresponsiveな研究を行うため、この事態が持続的な食資源確保に対して与える影響と、それに対する法制度的課題の洗い直しを行った。この研究プロジェクトでは、「ヒト」（生産主体）、「モノ」（生産物）、「プロセス」（生産・流通過程）という３つの視点から分析をおこなっているところ（なお、これらの視点は相互排他的ではなくて重複しうる）、そのようにして洗い出された課題のうち、特に「ヒト」にかかわる問題として、とりわけ北海道の農業にとっては不可欠である外国人の人材確保が滞っている実態についてフィールド調査を行い、政策的課題の同定を行った。また、「プロセス」にかかわる問題としては、新型コロナウイルスによる国際物流の途絶などがサプライチェーン契約に与える影響について、いわゆる「ハードシップ」についての契約法的分析を行い、成果を公表した。 新型コロナウイルス感染症拡大が食資源確保に与える影響という観点とは切り離された研究としては、まず、「ヒト」についてスマート農業に関する政府の農業ＤＸ構想の検討状況をフォローした。また、「モノ」について、主に「地理的表示」または「地域団体商標」の国内外における活用について、フィールド調査による実態解明や、これらの制度に関する制度論・法律論的検討をおこない、その成果の公表の準備を行った。「プロセス」については（「モノ」の視点とも重なるが）、種苗法・種子法の近時の改正動向を分析し、その成果の一部は論文として公表した。
• 持続的食資源確保のためのグローバル法戦略の研究―多角的なフィールド調査を活用して

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Challenging Research (Pioneering)

  Date (from‐to) : 2019/06 -2023/03 

  Author : 曽野 裕夫, 東山 寛, 嶋 拓哉, 児矢野 マリ, 山下 竜一, 小林 国之, 村上 裕一, 清水池 義治, 中山 一郎, 伊藤 一頼
• Multi-level Regulatory Governance, Public Interest, and the Causal Relationship between the Two

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)

  Date (from‐to) : 2017/04 -2021/03 

  Author : Murakami Yuichi

   

  The purpose of this project was to identify the causal relationship between multi-level governance (MLG) and the resultant ‘public interest’ and to draw a ‘favorable’ regulatory space model. The cases studied were (1) science, technology, and innovation policy with vertical and horizontal organizations in government, (2) local revitalization policies in which intergovernmental relations have been tested, and (3) the policy decision and implementation coordination mechanism in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and other regimes. The research found that (1) the MLG framework enables us to view international treaty implementation as a dynamic policy coordination process in time and space, (2) intergovernmental division of labor can lead to ‘good governance’ in a liberal democracy, and (3) a technically and politically legitimate multi-layered regulatory space can be effective in realizing some ‘public interest’ as a whole.
• Global Environmental Governance and the Change of a Regulatory Regime : Development and Change of CITES and its domestic implementation

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

  Date (from‐to) : 2017/04 -2020/03 

  Author : TOI AKIKO

   

  The introduction of “sustainable use” to CITES may contribute to the empowerment of range states and the enlargement of wildlife trade. However, the legitimacy of the discourse of “sustainable use” has been seen decreased in front of the emergence of counter arguments in CITES. As for the species with high market value, demand reduction and enforcement may be more emphasized than use, as a measure of Combating Wildlife Crime. As for timbers and marine species, listing of Appnedix II may be regarded as a sustainable management system of natural resources. These changes have been caused by the interaction of CITES and global governance of UN. As such, contracting parties should be required to decide their national implementation to take into the consideration of relevant policy objects. As for Japan, the transparency and openness of national implementation process is insufficient, with the vertical administrative structure, which may cause the stagnation of national implementation.
• Une Etude Comparative de la Gouvernance Reglementaire a Plusieurs Niveaux: le Japon, la France et l'Europe

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint International Research)

  Date (from‐to) : 2018 -2020 

  Author : Murakami Yuichi

   

  “Multi-level governance” (MLG) is defined as reconciliation mechanisms that lead to the resolution of various vertical and horizontal political conflicts between international organizations, supra / subnational governments and private actors. MLG in my framework refers to the relationships and reconciliation mechanisms between (1) international organizations and treaties; (2) independent regulatory agencies or regulatory oversight bodies; and (3) regulatory and policy implementation agencies. My result can be sorted into three themes; (1) decentralization and institutional “liaison”; (2) an analysis of the implementation of international treaties; and (3) democracy, delegation and MLG. This project re-examines MLG to find the conditions under which MLG as a strategy contributes to 'public interest' or better regulation / policy, drawing on comparative perspectives from public administration and government / governance studies between the EU, France and Japan.
• タイムユーズサーベイを応用した官僚の行動分析の革新

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Challenging Research (Exploratory)

  Date (from‐to) : 2018/06 -2019/03 

  Author : 青木 栄一, 北村 亘, 曽我 謙悟, 清水 唯一朗, 村上 裕一, 河合 晃一

   

  （1）タイムユーズサーベイのための準備作業：タイムユーズサーベイは一日の活動を時間帯別に記録するダイアリー式質問紙調査を典型とする調査方法である。本研究課題は日本で初めて官僚を調査対象とするものである。そのため、タイムユーズサーベイが官僚に対して適用可能かどうか検討することから本研究を開始した。まず、研究代表者の人的ネットワークを活用して、中央省庁職員（キャリア官僚）の3名に対してタイムユーズサーベイについて説明を行い、調査対象としての見解を聴取した。その結果、技術的に検討を要する事項が数点明らかになった。第1に、調査時期である。国会議員選挙が行われる時期は国会議員が地元選挙区での活動に注力するために、官僚は調査に協力しやすいことがわかった。第2に、調査対象である。職位によって従事する業務が異なるため、ある程度幅広い職位を調査対象とする必要があることがわかった。具体的には課長級以上はマネジメントが主体となるため、その前後の職位を含める必要がある。第3に、業務分類である。官僚の業務をどの程度細分化するかはさらに検討を要する点である。今年度の時点では、省内業務（連絡調整、打ち合わせ）と省外主体（政治家、関係団体）との接触に大別される。第4に、調査の時間帯と日数である。休日を含めるかどうか、1日24時間を対象とするか、1時間間隔か30分間隔かといった点をさらに検討していく必要があることがわかった。 (2)研究組織の立ち上げ：グループウェアを活用して研究打ち合わせを行った。
• A Sustainable Local Governance Model for a Demographic Dynamism and Structure

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

  Date (from‐to) : 2016/04 -2019/03 

  Author : MIYAWAKI Atsushi

   

  This study focuses mainly on Hokkaido dealing with population problems and analyses various 'collaborations'. It re-examines existing theories from new perspectives, such as territorial management and an integration of social and scientific technology. It also constructs a sturdy and sustainable model for addressing population problems for their implementation. The study has revealed that the following measures may lead to an improvement of various collaborations: 1) the establishment of a mechanism in which parties involved, by eliminating any discord regarding their understanding of the system, will appropriately share the functions, the responsibilities, and the risks associated; 2) the assuming of a coordination by a leading city to produce benefits that exceed the costs involving wide-area collaborations; 3) the establishment of a system in which broad macro policies that should be handled by the central government will be properly distinguished from policies by local governments.
• Bringing MEXT in the Context of Bureaucracy Research

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

  Date (from‐to) : 2015/04 -2019/03 

  Author : Aoki Eiichi, Ito Masatsugu

   

  The purpose of this research is to provide academic findings on the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). First, we review the results of the empirical studies on bureaucracy in public administration and indicate the importance of conducting surveys on bureaucrats. Second, we point out that no survey has been conducted on MEXT and state the significance of studying about MEXT as a subject of research into bureaucracy. Third, we analyze the survey results of all senior officers in MEXT conducted in 2016 with studying on personnel data of MEXT and researching on policy process of education and technology. In particular, these results indicate a lack of contact with the prime minister’s office, an emphasis on the intergovernmental fiscal transfer system for local government, and difficulties in coordinating with the Ministry of Finance.
• 人口減少時代の地域政策に関する調査研究

  （一財）北海道開発協会 開発調査総合研究所：調査研究

  Date (from‐to) : 2016/04 -2019/03 

  Author : 小磯 修二, 村上 裕一, 山崎 幹根、関口麻奈美
• 道内のインバウンド現象を巡る法的問題の把握とその実証研究

  （一財）北海道開発協会 開発調査総合研究所：研究助成

  Date (from‐to) : 2017/04 -2018/03 

  Author : 嶋 拓哉、児矢野マリ、野田 耕志、村上 裕一、津田 智成、樽本 英樹、落合 研一
• 船舶の安全・環境規制の実施過程研究から練る国際標準化戦略

  （公財）日本科学協会：笹川科学研究助成

  Date (from‐to) : 2017/04 -2018/02 

  Author : 村上裕一
• 短期的受益と中長期的負担を巡る合意形成手法の開発

  （公財）野村財団 社会科学：公募型 研究助成

  Date (from‐to) : 2015/11 -2017/06 

  Author : 村上裕一
• Study on Public/Private Collaborative Regulatory System from the Perspective of Public Administration

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)

  Date (from‐to) : 2013/04 -2017/03 

  Author : Murakami Yuichi

   

  This project clarifies the structure and transformation of ‘regulatory space’ and its background from the perspective of public administration. Examined cases of safety regulations indicate that standard-setting and enforcement are also amidst a recent wave of ‘governance’, since public and private actors share discretion in fact-finding, mutual reconciliation, and global harmonization. Although it appears that governmental regulatory discretion decreases in this situation, the government views the regulatory process from a seemingly neutral and distant position, and controls the entire regulatory system for ‘public interest’ with various substantial or procedural regulatory schemes. This implies that the government, in a sense, strategically expands their discretion on the ‘regulation of regulation’ or ‘meta-regulation’. This multi-layered regulation can be helpful in avoiding ‘corrosive capture’. The next phase of my comparative study investigates this aspect in detail.
• Comprehensive research on the history of postwar Japanese governmental reform

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

  Date (from‐to) : 2013/04 -2017/03 

  Author : Makihara Izuru

   

  This research clarified the characteristics of the history of governmental structural reform in postwar Japan by combining comparative research on governmental structural reform of the developed countries, based on the newly discovered administrative drafts and oral history records. Firstly, the reform of governmental structure is characterized by the balanced relationship between the coordination and the independent agencies. Secondly, the three types of policy networks, that is to say, domestic, international, and financial policy networks have been basic elements of the governmental structure. Thirdly, the issue networks, which have produced “politics of ideas”, have influenced the governmental reform in the critical era of postwar Japanese administrative history.
• Exploring Ocean Governance with Better Links to Marine Science

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

  Date (from‐to) : 2012/06 -2017/03 

  Author : Matsuura Masahiro, OKUWAKI Naoya, SHIROYAMA Hideaki

   

  This research project explored types of ocean governance that realize meaningful interaction with marine science by conducting case studies of international governance mechanisms. Through the project, we discovered the following four ingredients of ocean governance: 1) consensus for "best available scientific evidence"; 2) varieties of mechanisms for providing scientific information, including formal scientific committees to informal information gathering opportunities; 3) variety in the effect of scientific information on formal decision-making; and 4) implementing the flexibility of regulatory measures by using reference clauses. Meanwhile, the relationship between science and politics is becoming more complex as political actors are becoming more strategic about the use of scientific information for their own political advantage.
• Framework and Policy Instrument on the Integrated Ocean Management in Asia

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

  Date (from‐to) : 2012/04 -2015/03 

  Author : OKUWAKI NAOYA, SHIROYAMA Hideaki, KATO Hironori, HUH Sookyon, MATSUURA Masahiro, NISHIMOTO Kentaro, MURAKAMI Yuichi, KUBO Makiko, SHIBASAKI Ryuichi

   

  In this project, issues concerning integrated ocean management in the seas of Asia were examined: First, the implementation of UNCLOS in national laws and legal systems of coastal States of Asian seas was comparatively studied; Second, mechanisms of international cooperation in Asia, as well as national policies for management of marine ports and administration of small islands in Japan, were examined from the perspective of ocean governance; Third, the risk of terrorism and/or piracy in Malacca-Singapore Straits and the effects of expected transportation networks in Central Asia were evaluated. As part of the project’s outreach efforts, public symposia were organized at the end of each fiscal year.
• Multidisciplinary Study on Japanese Practice for implementation of Environmental Treaties: Linkage between International Law and National Law and Policy for Environmental Protection.

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

  Date (from‐to) : 2010/04 -2015/03 

  Author : KOYANO Mari, TAKAMURA Yukari, KUBO Haruka, MASUZAWA Yoko, SHIMAMURA Takeshi, TSURUTA Jun, HORIGUCHI Takeo, KITAMURA Yoshinobu, TOI Akiko, YAMASHITA Ryuichi, WATARI Tadasu, SHIROYAMA Hideaki, KATO Nobuyuki, KAKU Shun, KOBAYASHI Tomohiko, FUJITANI Takeshi, SAKATA Masao, OIKAWA Hiroki, UMEMURA Yu, MURAKAMI Yuichi, ITO Kazuyori

   

  It is indispensable for managing environmental problems in globalized societies to keep appropriate linkage between relevant international law and national law and policy. However, presumably it is not always easy due to various factors. The project, a multi-disciplinary study of public international law, administrative law, public administration and environmental law and policy, aims to find some good ways to deal with the problems. It has conducted comprehensive research on Japanese practice for implementing multilateral environmental agreements and on impact of Japanese law and policy on their negotiation process from various viewpoints. Based on the thorough analysis of six main fields of environmental issues, such as climate change, ozone depletion, marine pollution, management of hazardous wastes or chemicals, biological diversity and nuclear safety, the strength and weakness of Japanese practice has been identified. The problems and future prospects have been examined as well.
• 日本海の利用と管理のための政府間・官民間連携の現状と可能性：交通・環境・資源開発を例に

  東京大学海洋アライアンス：イニシャティブ

  Date (from‐to) : 2013/04 -2014/03 

  Author : 村上裕一
• 技術基準の策定・運用において協働する官民の規制体制の構造に関する理論的実証的研究

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows

  Date (from‐to) : 2011 -2012 

  Author : 村上 裕一

   

  本研究では、安全等の規制に係る技術基準の策定・運用において、様々な形で「協働」し合う官民アクターから構成される規制体制の構造を、理論的・実証的に検討することを目的としている。今年度は、主として(1)学位論文の公刊に向けた作業、(2)製品の安全等に関する規制システムのさらなる事例研究、(3)関連する概念として「独立性」の検討、という3つの側面から検討を進めた。 第1に、2012年3月に博士(法学)号を取得した学位論文の公刊に向けた作業である。作業に当たっては、論文提出時に「今後の課題」とした諸問題(例えば、「規制空間」の構造や規制行政機関の裁量行使戦略のあり方を規定する要因〔市場の構造等〕等について)も、追加的に考察を行った(この成果は、『国家学会雑誌〔第126巻第1・2号～第11-12号〕』で発表中)。 第2に、本研究の根源的な問いである「国際調和化、技術情報の分散化、官民関係の多元化の中で、官民が相互に作用・依存し合う『規制空間』の構造は、どのように変容しているのか。また、そのような規制空間において、規制行政機関はどのような裁量行使戦略を採っているのか」を実証的に検討するため、我が国の安全等の規制システムの実態調査をこれまでの自動車、建築、電気用品以外の分野についても行い、ある程度分野横断的に見られる現象を分析し記述した(この成果は、『計画行政〔第35巻3号・通巻112号〕』44-51頁で発表した)。 第3に、本研究でこれまで注目してきた、官民の諸組織の垣根を超えた連携・協働、調整とは一見対立する概念である「独立性」について、日本の行政の組織や活動の実態を踏まえて検討した。「独立性」の概念に関する議論と実務の状況を改めて整理・検討することで、翻って連携・協働、調整の輪郭を捉え、その範囲を画定することを試みたものである(この成果は、『社会技術研究論文集〔Vol.10〕』で発表する)。
• 官民協働による行政:社会管理のための技術基準策定と執行のプロセス設計に向けて

  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science：Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows

  Date (from‐to) : 2009 -2010 

  Author : 村上 裕一

   

  本研究では、規制行政など、社会管理活動における官民協働のあり方(その具体的手法、政策プロセスの実態、体制・制度設計のあり方など)に注目している。今年度は、主として下記の3つの側面から研究を進めた。 第1に、官民協働に関係する理論・モデルの整理とそこからの論点抽出、である。具体的には、従来「官民の相互依存の中にでき上がる社会管理のシステム」と捉えられてきた「行政指導」、階統型ガバメントと非階統型カバナンスとの関係性、及び、「行政裁量」を採り上げ、理論的側面から検討した。これらの観点から事例を比較・考察することは、「規制空間」のあり方を理論的・実証的に捉えるために重要かつ有意義だと考えている。 第2に、具体的事例の分析、である。電気用品安全法に基づく規制とVCCI協会による自主規制を採り上げ、官民協働の手段選択の条件について行った比較研究では、両者の手段・制度における違いが、初期条件の違いのみならず、規制対象の事故・障害の危険性・規模・頻度、手段選択時における規制対象技術の進展・変化(の見込み)における違い、実効的な規制を行うための資源を民(被規制者)がどれほど有しているかといった点、及び、1980年代以降の規制改革が直裁に影響したか否かという観点からも説明され得ることを明らかにした(この成果は、『社会技術研究論文集(Vol.8)』に採録決定)。 第3に、これまで観察してきた自動車・木造住宅・電気用品などの事例の比較分析、及び、一般的知見の導出である。現時点では、個別の「規制空間」のあり方とその変容を規定する諸条件を仮説的に抽出している段階であり、今後さらに事実関係の調査と考察を進めることによって、それらを実証していく計画である。 さらに、第12回国際交通学会と第7回社会技術研究シンポジウムにおいてこれまでの研究成果を発表し、国内外の研究者と意見交換ができたことも、今年度中の大きな収穫であった。

Academic Contribution

• 日本行政学会 企画委員会委員

  Date (from-to) :2024-Today

  Role: Academic research planning
• 日本評価学会 編集委員会副委員長

  Date (from-to) :2022-Today

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• 日本評価学会 理事

  Date (from-to) :2022-Today

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• 日本公共政策学会 理事

  Date (from-to) :2022-Today

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• 日本公共政策学会 年報委員会委員

  Date (from-to) :2022-2023

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• 日本行政学会 組織財政委員会委員

  Date (from-to) :2022-2023

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• 日本評価学会 編集委員会委員

  Date (from-to) :2020-2021

  Role: Planning etc

  Type: Academic society etc
• 日本評価学会 理事

  Date (from-to) :2020-2021

  Role: Planning etc

  Type: Academic society etc
• 日本行政学会 企画委員会委員

  Date (from-to) :2020-2021

  Role: Planning etc

  Type: Academic society etc